Power Grid Based Energy Storage System

Brian Jonathan

Supervisor: Moncef Tayahi

EEE311 Final Year Project

Introduction

•  Why I chose this topic? •  Why energy is important? •  Fossil fuel •  Clean energy advantages: no pollutant •  Clean energy disadvantage: environment

dependence •  Solution

EEE311 Final Year Project

Overall System

EEE311 Final Year Project

AC-DC Rectifier (1)

EEE311 Final Year Project

AC-DC Rectifier (2)

EEE311 Final Year Project

AC-DC Rectifier Test (1)

EEE311 Final Year Project

AC-DC Rectifier Test (2)

•  Lowest voltage: 1.088V •  Highest voltage: 25.57V •  Theoretically 1.2V to 29.65 V

•  Optimum charge current: 1.92 A •  Optimum charge voltage: 13.5V •  6 hours charging time •  The battery can be charged from 11V to 14.5V, with current less

than 3A

EEE311 Final Year Project

Controller charger

EEE311 Final Year Project

Controller charger (2)

EEE311 Final Year Project

Controller charger (3)

EEE311 Final Year Project

EEE311 Final Year Project

Charge and Dump State

Charge state: (TP1 = 1.66V) The controller will charge the battery when the input voltage is between 11.9V and 14.5 V, the green LED will turn on Dump state: (TP2 = 3.32V) The controller will switch to dummy load when the input voltage is more than 14.5 V, the yellow LED will turn on

EEE311 Final Year Project

EEE311 Final Year Project

Setting TP1 and TP2

DCPOWERSUPPLY

+

-

DU

MM

Y LO

AD (+

)

WIN

D T

UR

BIN

E (+

)

BA

TTER

Y (+

)

FRONT FACE OF CONTROLLER

220VAC5 4 3 2 1

11,9 V for Tp-1 set14,5 V for Tp-2 set

EEE311 Final Year Project

POWER SUPPLY AS

WIND TURBINE REPLACEMENT

+

-

+-

LEAD ACID12V 12AHBATTERY

12VDC (IN) INVERTER 150W 220VAC (OUT)

+

-

GR

OU

ND

ING

GR

OU

ND

ING

DU

MM

Y L

OA

D +

(LAM

P)

DC

PO

WE

R S

UP

PLY

+ O

R W

IND

TU

RB

INE

BA

TTE

RY

220VACTO  LOAD  (LAMP  CIRCUIT)

FRONT FACE OF CHARGER CONTROLLER

VDC OUT

DUMMY LOAD

(LAMP)

5 4 3 2 1

220VAC

Connection Diagram

POWER SUPPLY AS

WIND TURBINE REPLACEMENT

+

-

+-

LEAD ACID12V 12AHBATTERY

12VDC (IN) INVERTER 150W 220VAC (OUT)

+

-

GR

OU

ND

ING

GR

OU

ND

ING

DU

MM

Y L

OA

D +

(LAM

P)

DC

PO

WE

R S

UP

PLY

+ O

R W

IND

TU

RB

INE

BA

TTE

RY

220VACTO  LOAD  (LAMP  CIRCUIT)

FRONT FACE OF CHARGER CONTROLLER

VDC OUT

DUMMY LOAD

(LAMP)

5 4 3 2 1

220VAC

EEE311 Final Year Project

Battery (Genesis NP12-12T)

EEE311 Final Year Project

Battery Specification (1)

•  Volts : 12V •  Nominal capacity (20 hour rate) : 12 Ah •  Length : 151 mm (5.94 inches) •  Width : 98 mm (3.86 inches ) •  Overall height (including terminals) : 97.5 mm (3.84 inches) •  Weight : 4 kg (8.82 lbs) •  Float charge voltage : 13.5 – 13.8 V @ 25°C •  Cyclic charge voltage : 14.4 – 15V @ 25°C •  Stand-by use : constant voltage charging 2.25-2.3 Volt per cell

(VPC) •  Cyclic use : 2.4-2.5 Volt per cell (VPC) with initial charging

current should be less than 0.25 CA

EEE311 Final Year Project

Battery Specification (2)

•  Top charge : 2.4 Volt per cell (VPC) with initial charging current should be less than 0.1 CA for 15-20 hours

•  Temperature range : charging and discharging from-15 to 50°C (normally 25°C)

•  Self discharge : 3% of rated capacity per month in room temperature

•  Cyclic service life : 1000 cycles, depends on the average depth of discharge

•  Float service life : 3-5 years

EEE311 Final Year Project

Discharge Characteristic

EEE311 Final Year Project

Cyclic Life

EEE311 Final Year Project

DC-AC Inverter

EEE311 Final Year Project

Inverter Specification

•  Input voltage range : DC 10-15V •  Full power input current : 15A •  Stand-by input current : < 0.4A •  Output voltage (AC) : 220-240V •  Output wave : Modified sinewave •  Output frequency : 50Hz •  Continuous output power : 150W •  Starting power : 450W •  Efficiency : 90% •  Thermal protection : 60 ± 0.5 °C (Microcontroller) •  Size (length, wide, height) : 120 x 73 x 73 mm •  Weight : 560g

EEE311 Final Year Project

Energy-meter

•  The first row displays voltage, current, and wattage •  The second row displays the used energy (kWh), tariff (cost/kWh),

and total cost (cost). •  The third row displays time

EEE311 Final Year Project

EEE311 Final Year Project

EEE311 Final Year Project

Final Output Result

•  Efficiency : 89.33% (with 0.67% difference from theory) •  Voltage: 221VAC •  Load current: 0.605 A (with 0.17% difference from theory) •  Battery usage time: Battery rating/Inverter rating = 56.7

minutes

EEE311 Final Year Project

Off-grid vs. Grid-tie Inverter

EEE311 Final Year Project

Why using an off-grid inverter?

•  Much cheaper •  Can be used during blackout •  Most of grid-tie inverter is an AC-AC inverter •  Most of grid-tie inverter has battery storage •  Suitable for this project

EEE311 Final Year Project

Project Budget

The total cost spent:

•  1.2 million IDR = 651.34 RMB (without the multimeter and the energy-meter)

•  3.1 million IDR = 1730.6 RMB (with multimeter and energy-meter)

EEE311 Final Year Project

Limitations and Future Works

•  Did not use a real wind turbine •  The circuit is not programmable •  Hybrid System

Conclusion •  Real application •  Future wish

Thank You Question?