Bridge Components 100111

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INTRODUCTION TO

BRIDGES

V B SOOD


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Bridge Numbering Shall be done sequentially from one side

In the direction of increasing kilometers

Section wise e.g. Bridge No 275, VR-ST Can be numbered separately for each kilometer

e.g. Bridge No 190/1, CSTM-Pune.

If more bridges are constructed later on, shall

be numbered with suffix A, B etc e.g. BridgeNo 32A, BRC-GDA

Separate bridges for multiple line bridgeidentified by lines e.g. Bridge No 317 UP,

RTM-NAD


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A1A2 P1P2P3

R1

R2

R3

R4

Numbering of Parts of BridgeINCREASING KILOMETERS

Similarly, G1, G2 and W1, W2 etc


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DECK AND TRACK

PIER

RETURN WALL

ABUTMENT

BED BLOCK

GIRDER

WATERWAY

WING WALL

PROTECTION WORK


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Protection Work: Guide Bund


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GUIDE

BUND


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Protection Work: Flooring


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Toe Wall &

Pitching


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Spurs


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SAUSAGE CRATE


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Launching Apron


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MAIN ELEMENTS OF

BRIDGE1) Superstructure

Track Structure

Girder Bearing

2) Substructure

Bed Block

Pier/Abutment

Wing Wall/ Return Wall

Foundations

Training & Protective Works

Monolithic Bridge Like Pipe Culvert, Box Culvert and Arch

Act like one unit.


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CLASSIFICATION OF

BRIDGES


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ACCORDING TO SPAN OR OPENING

1) Minor Bridge Individual span < 12 m & Total Lineal Waterway12 M or Total Lineal Waterway>18 M

3) Important Bridges

Total Lineal waterway 300 M OR Total Waterway 1000M2 OR

Those classified as IMPORTANT BY CE/CBE due to

their depth of W.Way, Extent of River Training Works

& Past History Maintenance Problem.


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No of bridges on Indian

Railways* Total: 130776

Important: 670

Major: 10724

Minor: 119382

Bridges more than 100 years old: 36731

(28%)

* Ref: Letter No 2008/CE-I/BR/CBEs

Conf./Mar08/Pt. dtd 28.05.09


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ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

1)Track Bridge (for rail vehicle) Over water bodies i.e River/ Nallah /Canal

Over Valley (viaduct)

Over Railway (Fly-over)

Over Road (RUB)

2) Road Bridge (For Road Vehicle) Over Railway (ROB)

CONTD..


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ACCORDING TO FUNCTION3) Rail cum road bridge

Over river

4) Foot over Bridge (For pedestrian)

Over Railway (On platform for public)

5) Pipe Line Bridge- Over Railway


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Foot Over Bridge


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Road Over Bridge


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Road Under Bridge


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ACCORDING TO MATERIAL OF

CONSTRUCTION OF SUPER STRUCTURE

1) Timber Bridge (Not used in India)

2) Stone Top

3) Masonry Arch Stone & Brick

In lime Mortar & Cement Mortar respectively

4) Steel Bridge

Riveted Fabrication Welded Fabrication

5) Concrete Bridge: PSC and RCC

6) Composite (Steel & Concrete) Bridge


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ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF DECKING

WITH REFERENCE TO HFL

1) High Level bridge

2) Causeway or Irish Bridge

3) Siphon Bridge


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ACCORDING TO RAILWAY

GAUGE1) Broad Gauge (BG 1676 MM)

2) Meter Gauge (MG 1000 MM)

3) Narrow Gauge (NG 762 MM)


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ACCORDING TO LOADING

STANDARDBroad Gauge

BGML (Main Line)

BGBL (Branch Line) RBG 1975 (Revised

Broad Gauge)

MBG 1987 (Modified Broad Gauge)

HM Loading (Heavy Mineral) 25 T - 2005

DFC (Dedicated Freight Corridor) - 2005


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More classifications


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ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SUB -

STRUCTURE

1) Gravity Type

a) Plain Concrete

b) RCC

c) Masonary

2) Framed

3) Cellular Type


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Gravity type Piers


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Gravity Pier


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RCC Framed Pier


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RCC Pier


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Cellular Pier


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ACCORDING TO TYPE OF

FOUNDATION

1) Open Foundation

Raft Foundation

2) Pile Foundation

3) Well Foundation


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Open Foundation


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Well Foundation


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Well Foundation


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Pile Foundation


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Pile Foundation


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Pile Foundation


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ACCORDING TO FORM OR TYPE

OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

1. Pipe Culvert

2. RCC Slab

3. Rail Cluster (Only on branch line)

4. Arch Bridge

5. RCC Box Culvert

6. Steel Plate Girder

7. Steel Open Web Girder

CONTD..


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Stone Top


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3-Rail Cluster

25 mm dia

Bolt (orclamp maybe used)


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RCC BOX


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RCC BOX


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Arch Bridge


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Arches


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Bow string Arch


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Bowstring Arch


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ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF

FLOOR SYSTEMS1) Deck Type (Track Structure on Top

Flange or Chord)

2) Through Type (Track structure Floor

System Connected to Bottom Chord

Panel)

3) Semi Through Type (Track Structure FloorSystem Connected to Web and no top

Bracings)


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Semi Through

Throu h

Deck Type


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Steel Girders

Plate girders

Open Web Girders


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Plate Girder


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Parallel Flange Girder


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Plate Girder-duplicated


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Fish bellied plate girder


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Semi Through Plate Girder


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Semi Through Plate Girder


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CROSS

GIRDERSTRINGER

BOTTOM

LATERAL

BRACING

TOP

LATERAL

BRACING

PORTAL

BRACINGSWAY

BRACING

END

RAKER

Open Web Through Type Girder


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OPEN WEB THROUGH SPAN

ELEVATION

L0

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L6

21U U 43U U 5U

TOP CHORD

BOTTOM CHORD

VERTICALSDIAGONALS

END RACKER


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TOPPLAN

KNEE PORTALTOP LATERAL BRACING

PORTAL

SWAY BRACINGS


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PLAN AT FLOOR LAVEL

0L

21L L

43L L

65LL

0L' L'1 L'2 L'3 L'4 L'L'5 6

MAIN GIRDERCROSS GIRDER BOTTOM LATERAL BRACINGSTRINGERS

STRINGER BRACINGS


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Through Type Bridge


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Through Girder (K-Truss )


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Underslung Bridge


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Deck Type Girder

(Warren Truss)

Semi Through Open Web


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Semi Through Open Web

Girder


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ACCORDING TO FORM OR TYPE

OF SUPERSTRUCTURE9. RCC/PSC T or I Beam Bridge

10.RCC/PSC Box Girder

11.Composite Girders

12.Suspension Bridge

13.Cable Stayed Bridge

C t B id


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Concrete Bridges

Post-tensioned Prestressed Girder

I section, BOX Section

Pre-tensioned Prestressed Girder

Slabs


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I Section PSC girders


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Fish bellied PSC girder


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PSC BOX type girder


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Slab bridge


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Composite Girder


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Composite Girder: Shear

Connectors


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Cable stayed bridge


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Cable Stayed Bridge


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Suspension Bridge: Forces


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Suspension Bridge: Forces


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Suspension Bridge


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Suspension Bridge

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO


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CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO

STRUCTURAL ACTION OF

SUPERSTRUCTURE1. Simply supported

2. Continuous

3. Cantilever

4. Balanced Cantilever

5. Rigid Frame.


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Rigid Frame


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Moveable bridges

Swing Bridge

Bascule Bridge

Lifting Bridge

Bascule Bridges


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Bascule Bridges


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Bascule bridges


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Bascule bridges

S i B id


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Swing Bridges


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Swing Bridges

Lifting bridges


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Lifting bridges


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Temporary Bridges

Callender-Hamilton Bridge (Open web)

Restricted Head (RH) Girder (Plate

Girder)

Pantoon Bridge


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Pontoon Bridges


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Anchor span


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Anchor spanLocated at the outermost end, it

counterbalances the arm of span extending inthe opposite direction from a major point ofsupport. Often attached to an abutment

ButtressA wall projecting perpendicularly from anotherwall which prevents its outward movement.Usually wider at its base and tapering towardthe top.

Camber

A positive, upward curve built into a beamwhich compensates for some of the verticalload and anticipated deflection.

Castellated girder


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A steel beam fabricated by making a zig-zag

cut along its web, then welding the two sides

together at their peaks. This creates a beam

which has increased depth and therefore

greater strength, but is not increased in

weight.

Centering

Temporary structure or falsework supporting

an arch during construction.

FalseworkTemporary structure used as support during

construction. Falsework for arch construction

is called "centering."

Corbelled arch


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Corbelled arch

Masonry built over an opening by progressively

overlapping the courses from each side untilthey meet at the top center. Not a true arch as

the structure relies on strictly vertical

compression, not axial compression.

KeystoneThe uppermost wedge-shaped voussoir at the

crown of an arch which locks the other

voussoirs into place.

Parapet

A low wall along the outside edge of a bridge

deck used to protect vehicles and pedestrians.

Portal


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Portal

The opening at the ends of a through truss

with forms the entrance. Also the openentrance of a tunnel.

Springer

The first voussoir resting on the impost of an

arch.

Spring line

The place where an arch rises from its

support; a line drawn from the impost

Stringer

A beam aligned with the length of a span

which supports the deck.

Voussoir


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Voussoir

Any one of the wedge shaped block used to

form an arch. Wing walls

Extensions of a retaining wall as part of an

abutment; used to contain the fill of an

approach embankment

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Bridge Components 100111

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