Brief Introduction To Waste Water Treatment Plants

Brief

Chokhavatia Associates is an ISO 9001 – 2008 certified full-fledged Civil and Environmental Engineering

Consulting firm with over 30 years of experience and has worked for 500 clients on over 600 global projects

serving various industries, private sectors and governments.

Waste Water Treatment Plants- An Essential Process

• India’s population growth and overall economic development are expected to lead to an increase in water consumption across sectors especially the agricultural sector.

• With the enhancement of drinking water supply to urban and rural areas, the wastewater generation will also increase.

• Water treatment is a process of making water suitable for its application or returning its natural state.

• Water treatment involves science, engineering, business, and art.• The treatment may include mechanical, physical, biological, and chemical

methods.• As with any technology, science is the foundation, and engineering makes sure

that the technology works as designed.• The appearance and application of water is an art.

Roles of Wastewater Treatment Plants

• In general Wastewater treatment plants remove solids, everything from rags and plastics to sand and smaller particles found in wastewater.

• Moreover, they reduce organic matter and pollutants by grow incubating naturally occurring bacteria and other microorganisms which consume the organic matter in wastewater and are then separated from the water; and, finally restore the oxygen to ensure that the water put back into our rivers or lakes has enough oxygen to support life.

• It is well-known that the waste water treatment plants have always undergone evolution with time and introduction of technology. Se-sufficient biological treatment plant is on the horizon.

• They are prominent for the mitigation of the consumption of electrical energy and at the same time as doubling green power generation by biogas. However the upgrading technologies in India are quite different from those in developed countries.

• Apparently reuse of treated municipal wastewater should be encouraged in industries and agricultural sector.

Waste Water Treatment Plants

Waste Water Treatment Process

Waste Water Treatment

Primary Treatm

ent

Secondary

Treatment

Tertiary Treatm

ent

Primary Treatment• Primary treatment is a process where heavy solids that are

present in the water to settle down into different layers of removable waste.

• This treatment ensures heavy wastes getting settled in the bottom and oil, greases and other lighter waste materials floating at the top.

• In the primary level the raw materials like floating items and solids are removed. Solids removed during the primary treatment process are taken to sludge thickening, sludge dewatering, and final disposal.

• The solids that are removed are then handled by a sedimentation process where the solids are prepared for land filling. The water stream which exits the primary treatment process is fed to secondary treatment.

Secondary Treatment• Secondary water treatment is a specialized process that helps

in removing the microbial unicellular life or the large amounts of microbes.

• This process also involves the use of filter beds that helps in the oxidation and purification of water.

• If the wastewater is not used for irrigation, then the wastewater will have to go through the secondary treatment.

• This removes the residual organics. There are three processes that are carried on in this step. Those three processes are activated sludge process, trickling filters and rotating biological contractors.

Tertiary Treatment• Tertiary water treatment involves in treatment to an extent

that it can be released to places that has a delicate ecosystem.

• This clean water can also be recycled into the natural resources and supply once more.

• The tertiary treatment is the advanced treatment. Here those constituents are removed which were not possible through primary or secondary process.

• After the tertiary treatment, the wastewater is put through a disinfection process.

Stages In Waste Water Treatment Process

Primary TreatmentRemoval of Heavy Solids

(Chemical & Physical)

Secondary TreatmentRemoval of Organic

Matter(Biological)

Tertiary TreatmentRemoval of Pathogens

and Nutrients(Chemical, Physical &

Biological)

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