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BRIEF PEACE NOTESSource: The Advocate of Peace (1894-1920), Vol. 78, No. 8 (AUGUST, 1916), pp. 244-246Published by: World Affairs InstituteStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20667586 .

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244 ADVOCATE OF PEACE August

all, Fritz and I. We had no wish to kill each other. We had much rather sit at the same table, with our wives and children around us, and talk of gardens, of fair pictures, and of great books. But for our officers and the nations which they represented peace would have been declared right there in the trenches?and that

by the soldiers themselves. "I am only Borneo Houle, a barber. But I have

lived?God, I have lived ! All the slaughter of heroes

by the Meuse and on the Belgian border and in northern

France has passed before my eyes. And I, Rom?o Houle, am forced to write this :

"Man is given life to enjoy it, not to destroy it. We cannot make ourselves better or the world we live in

more worth while by killing each other like beasts gone mad.

"I thank God that the nightmare is over. Only in my dreams do the cannon roar over the line at Ypres. And such dreams are quite terrible and real enough. I hope never to fight again."

BRIEF PEACE NOTES ... In the recent crisis over the Carrizal incident in

Mexico many forces for peace in the United States were mobilized in a short space of time for definite expression of opinion against war. The more important of these are as follows :

The American Union Against Militarism called to

gether an informal conference of three prominent Amer icans and three representative Mexicans in Washington, July 5, for the consideration of border problems. The conferees were David Starr Jordan, of Lei and Stanford, Jr., University; Moorefield Story, of Boston; Amos

Pinchot, of New York City; Dr. Atl and Senor Luis Manuel Bojas, of Mexico City, and Modesto C. Kol

land, of Yucatan. Later, such Mexican authorities as Lincoln Steif ens; Prof. Leo B. Bowe, of Pennsylvania University, and Dr. J. W. Slaughter, of Pennsylvania, were called in in consultation.

The American Federation of Labor called a Pan American Labor Peace Conference in Washington July 8, which was attended by several Mexican labor leaders, among them Carlos Loveira and Baltaz?r Pages, of

Yucatan; Luis N. Morones, of Mexico City; S. Gonzalez

Garcia, of Orizaba, accredited representatives of the International Labor Conference ; Guillermo Q. Carvallo, formerly mayor of Vera Cruz ; Domingo Bamos, of the Federal Board of the Mexican Federation of Labor, and Jos? G. Alonzo, secretary of the same organization. A statement was issued calling upon the laborers of the

United States to aid the Mexican revolutionists by co

operative means in maintaining the "cause of human

ity and democracy." Plans were also made for the formation of permanent Pan American Federation of

Labor.

The, World Peace Foundation issued number two, Vol. I, of The Spot-Light, a one-page publication, de

voting it to the Mexican crisis in an excoriating article on the munitions manufacturers of which the first sen tence is characteristic : "For months past these soulless, conscienceless, murder-planning -grafters have been

creating sentiment against the people of other na tions. . . . "

From the conference of the Federation of Interna tional Polity Clubs in Cleveland, a telegram signed by students from twenty-four colleges and universities was sent to the President urging the creation of a joint com

mission to take over the responsibility of preserving order on the border.

The Massachusetts Peace Society sent circular letters to all its members immediately upon the news of the release of the prisoners taken at Carrizal, urging that

individual letters and telegrams be sent to the President

requesting him to consider the plan for mediation sub mitted by the South and Central American republics.

. . . What women may do for the world's peace is the burden of an open letter addressed to "The Women of the United States/' issued by the Society of Friends of Philadelphia. Here the definite belief is stated that war, no matter what justice is claimed for it, "neverthe less violates and retards the realization in human soci ety of those principles for which women should ever stand?the integrity of the home, the Christian nurture and education of the young, the abolition of social and economic evils, the establishment of justice and hu manity." The message to the women is that "there is a better way" than war, and that in the seeking of that better way women play a fundamental part and one of the greatest importance to all mankind. The letter, of which copies may be obtained at 304 Arch street, Phila delphia, continues in part as follows:

"We believe that it is women's highest mission to train the young in family and school to recognize that jealousy, rivalry, covetousness, contempt, and exploita tion bear the fruits of wrath as surely in international as in domestic relations, and that the true foundations of nations as of families are laid in mutual generosity, helpfulness, sympathy, and justice. We therefore plead with you to work with us and with all men and women the world over who have seen this vision.

"We entreat that in our present national crisis you bend the energies of mind and spirit against the forces that would fasten upon our country the blighting ef fects of militarism. That you especially exert your in fluence against the subjection of school boys to military training, whereby the present would bind upon the future the burden of an outgrown system.

"That you study with open minds the cause and re sults of war, the nrogress that has already been made in international law and arbitration, the probable influ ence on the future of war of the increasing number of 'conscientious objectors' in warring nations, and the reasons why our own country is peculiarly fitted by geo graphical position, traditions, and ideals to be the leader and example in a world movement toward a

peaceful solution of international problems. "And, last of all, we beg you to consider what may

be for the future the surest defenses of our life, liberty, and sacred honor; what peaceful methods of protec tion, education, and enlightenment our country may ipply to free her irritated and harassed neighbor on the

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1916 ADVOCATE OF PEACE 245

south from exploitation, ignorance, and passion ; what sacrifices she may make when the European war is over ..'or the healing and rehabilitation of the stricken na

tions; what firmer principles of justice she may estab lish and practice in her relations with the Orient ; what

greater earnest of good will she may extend to alien races and peoples within her own limits."

. . . The peace plank in the platform of the republi can party reads :

"We believe in the pacific settlement of interna tional disputes, and favor the establishment of a world court for that purpose."

This plank is so important that the history of its

adoption is worth recording. We understand that the words were written, or rather dictated, by Hon. Kichard

Bartholdt, of St. Louis, when, because of the enormous number of peace proposals, the subcommittee had prac tically decided to ignore the question. Bealizing the state of affairs, Mr. Bartholdt broke into the committee room during its executive session, summoned some of his friends around him, and insisted on the insertion of some kind of a peace plank. When asked how it should be worded, he then and there dictated the words as they subsequently appeared.

The international parliament, which constitutes the rest of the program of the American Peace Society, was left out because of the fear that it might complicate

matters and result in no action at all. All kinds of

changes wrere proposed by several members who had in mind various other planks, but without avail. The

plank was then submitted to Chairman Lodge, who in turn submitted it to the full committee, where it was

unanimously adopted. This is the third time that Mr. Bartholdt has been instrumental in getting a peace plank into the Bepublican platform. . . . Terming the church "A League to Create Peace,"

President William H. P. Faunce, of Brown University, speaking before the World Alliance of Churches Con ference at Garden City, made a strong plea for a proper understanding and interpretation of the war as against a futile effort to find means to stop it prematurely. "When typhoid fever is raging in a patient's blood, the doctor may recognize that it must run its course with whatever alleviations he may suggest. Meanwhile, the doctor is studying preventive medicine, and is intro

ducing sanitary measures." He finds five great duties which the church must perform, if it is to take its share of the burden of abolishing international war. It must first endeavor to inculcate the international mind, to break down that spirit of intolerance and condescen sion towards the alien; second, to affirm its faith in no uncertain terms in the moral forces of the world, not as ideals alone, but as realities of every-day life; third, to take over the task of developing the nation's mind and soul and national unity, national self-control, and a national attitude towards nations weaker and stronger ; fourth, to affirm clearly its belief in human brother

hood, without compromise, and to maintain this prin ciple as one of true Americanism, and, fifth, to take the lead in the conflict of peace and war today and estab lish itself as a permanent "League to Create Peace."

. . . The late William Graham Sumner, of Yale, whose essay, "Peace and War," is to this day a text-book that

no pacifist can afford to leave unread, was perhaps one of the first college professors to endeavor definitely to instill into his students' minds a knowledge of the phi losophy and practical aspects of peace. It is to be

hoped that as able a teacher may be found for the "Chair of Peace" that is under consideration at Ford ham University. An anonymous donor has offered $10,000 towards the establishment of this chair, pro viding the trustees of the University will arrange for its further endowment. In his letter to the president of the Fordham Alumni Association the donor writes:

"Let Fordham establish a 'chair of peace/ and I pre dict every great university in the world will follow

suit, to Fordham's lasting glory. So long as the multi tude is satisfied that even university men believe war fare cannot be ended, so long will the popular cry for war go up on the least provocation. On the other hand, let the universities of the world prove that they believe war is preventable, by establishing chairs of peace, and, before long, the people will begin to accept calm counsel from those who are studying the war question free from

prejudice and who will have seen its utter folly."

ARCHEOLOGY.

From the Spanish of Jos? Santos Chocano (Peru). Translated by Alice Stone Blackwell.

Searching 'mid Eastern ruins, groping slow, When some explorer in our modern days His hand upon a hidden treasure lays? Gold idols heathens worshiped long ago? Then with what eager interest aglow The spirit of the Present backward strays To that far age when priests raised hymns of praise To monsters base, deformed, with foreheads low !

When our age too is dead, from tomb to tomb Some new explorer, groping in the gloom,

Will search for what the ruins may afford. How great his fear, how strange his thoughts will be

When, gleaming 'mid the shadows, he shall see, Rarest, most precious treasure trove, a sword !

... To the International Socialist Peace Conference, to be held in The Hague July 31, the representative of the Socialist party in the United States, Morris Hillquit, goes to support the four proposals already partially agreed upon by the Socialists of all the bel ligerent nations. These are: First, the evacuation of all conquered territory; second, that no indemnities shall be exacted from either side ; third, an international treaty for gradual and concerted reduction of arma

ments; fourth, the establishment of an international court of arbitration for the settlement of disputes be tween nations. Twenty-five delegates are expected from each of the Scandinavian countries and from Switzer land, Spain, Argentina, Belgium, and Holland.

... An admirable intention to help in putting the Pan American household in order is shown by the women of the United States in a proposal of the Gen eral Federation of Women's Clubs to project a great convention of the women of the Three Americas in 1920. The proposal was accepted by unanimous consent. Its purpose was clearly defined by Mrs. Percy V. Penny packer, former president of the Federation, in her declaration that "we are beginning to realize that our beloved country cannot bring about the spirit of peace

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246 ADVOCATE OF PEACE August

and Americanism unless all the men and women of the Americas know all about each other."

. . . Those discouraged in any measure by such mov

ing-picture screams of terror as "The Battle-Cry of Peace" and "The Fall of a Nation" may pluck up their

spirits once more. According to John R. Freuler, head of the Mutual moving-picture concern, "the motion pic ture will have a large part in the ultimate establishment of universal peace. Wars are really just misunder

standings. . . . The motion picture, which intro duces to us and makes us familiar with all the peoples of all the world, ... is probably the greatest in

strumentality toward sympathetic understanding be tween nations."

... A rather remarkable declaration for future world

peace appears in the greeting to the women of France, recently printed in the Zeitschrift f?r Frauenstimm recht, the German woman suffrage publication. In this the German women assert: "We feel, think, and suffer like you, and swear that after this catastrophic war the

women of all nations shall work unitedly to prevent forever its recurrence."

... A dime bank, pocket size, of metal and celluloid, is now sent out by the Permanent Blind Eelief War

Fund for Soldiers and Sailors to aid in securing funds for the relief of blind soldiers in Europe. These may be secured in any quantity on application to Frank A.

Vanderlip, Treasurer, 590 Fifth Avenue, New York

City. . . . A "Conference on Real Preparedness" was held at the McAlpin Hotel, New York City, on July 7, in three sessions, addressed by many well-known speakers, among them Frank P. Walsh, Morris Hillquit, Commissioner Frederic C. Howe, Lincoln Steffens, Prof. John W. W. Slaughter, and Mrs. Joseph Fels.

. . . The Intercollegiate Socialist Society announces a summer conference at Sherwood Forest, Maryland, Sep tember 19 to September 25, to be devoted to the study of "Social Preparedness?National and International."

AMONG THE PEACE ORGANIZATIONS Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Characteristic of the excellent work performed by the

Carnegie Endowment, especially as regards Pan Amer ican harmony and the mutual sympathy and under

standing of the twenty-one republics of the American

continent, is the library of some ten thousand volumes

recently shipped from New York for the "Museo Social

Argentino" of Buenos Aires. The Museo is described as one of the most progressive and influential institu tions of its kind in the world, dedicated to social in

vestigation and development, both national and inter national. The library sent by the Carnegie Endow ment is peculiarly appropriate to such an institution, as it is composed entirely of works which are either

wholly of North American origin, written by United States citizens, or which have been written about the United States by foreigners.

The library is "designed to serve as a symbol of good will, and as a permanent interpretation of the thought, feelings, and activities of the people of the United States in the capital of our great sister republic of Ar

gentina." It was selected, bought, catalogued, and

shipped under the supervision of the Division of Inter course and Education of the Carnegie Endowment, of which division President Nicholas Murray Butler, of Columbia University, is the acting director. All the

equipment and furniture necessary for its maintenance were manufactured here and shipped from New York with the books. The opening and presentation of the

library took place on July 4, and this date assumes par ticular significance, as it immediately precedes the cele bration of Argentine Independence, which occurred on July 9 in Buenos Aires and Tncum?n.

American Association for International Concili ation.

The quarterly report to the Council of Direction, June, 1916, is in part as follows:

During the past quarter the association has limited its activities to those enterprises approved by the execu tive committee and referred to in previous reports. The pamphlet, "The Land Where Hatred Expires," by Prof. Leon Gu?rard, has been distributed widely and has attracted unusual attention. One correspondent, for example, translated the pamphlet into Ukrainian for the benefit of immigrants from Little Eussia.

The association has continued to co-operate with the International Polity Clubs established in the leading American universities and colleges, numbering now more than two score. Standard works upon interna tional affairs and upon American foreign relations have been sent to the clubs and deposited in the libraries of the institutions in which they are situated. In addition it has been possible to arrange for informal addresses to the members of the clubs by experts upon various phases of international relations, including the follow ing : Professors Eowe, of Pennsylvania ; Hall, of Wiscon sin ; Dykstra, of Kansas ; Sioussat, of Vanderbilt ; Ham ilton, of North Carolina; Hudson, of Missouri; Flick, of Syracuse, and, in addition, Messrs. Angeli, Gannett, Gulick, Hugins, and Mez. These speakers report that the clubs are organized on a scholarly basis ; that they are limiting themselves to a study of the underlying principles of an improved world polity, and are avoiding purely contentious questions.

As in the summer of 1915, the association, acting for the Division of Intercourse and Education of the Car

negie Endowment, has arranged for courses upon inter national relations, Latin-American affairs, American

diplomacy, Spanish and Latin-American geography, to be conducted in eighty representative institutions

throughout the country during the summer sessions of 1916. Besides the universities, colleges, and normal schools which co-operated last season, Harvard, Cornell, Oberlin, Western Eeserve, and the universities of Wash

ington, Wisconsin, and Nebraska have, among others, been added. Trained instructors will offer courses, with

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