Bringing Water to the Desert: The Central Arizona Project

Author

Marcie Hutchinson, School of Historical, Philosophical, and Religious Studies Dr. Lauren Harris, Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, and School of Historical, Philosophical, and Religious Studies

Bret Lineburg, Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College

Andrew Macias, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences

Paul Grimes, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences

Lauren Barrett, Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College

J. Milo Besich, Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College

Alyssa Pitner, Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College

Title of the Lesson: Bringing Water to the Desert: The Central Arizona Project

Grade Level: Jr High/High School Social Studies

Lesson Length: 90 min

Arizona Social Studies Standards:S1C10 PO 3 Describe how key political, social, geographic, and economic events of the late 20th century and early 21st century affected, and continue to affect, the United States.

Arizona Geography Standards:S4C1 PO 3 Interpret maps, charts, and geographic databases using geographic information

S4C1-PO4: Locate physical and cultural features (e.g., continents, cities, countries, significant waterways, mountain ranges, climate zones, major water bodies, landforms) throughout the world.

S4C1 PO 5 Interpret thematic maps, graphs, charts, and databases depicting various aspects of the United States and world regions. (Apply to regions studied.)

Arizona’s College and Career Ready Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies:College and Career Readiness ANCHOR STANDARDS:

CCR. 7. Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse formats and media, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words.

CCR. 1. Write argument to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts using valid reasoning and sufficient evidence.

Historical Background: In 1922 representatives of the seven states of the Colorado River Basin: Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and the United States government created the Colorado River Compact. This compact divided the basin into two areas, the Upper Basin and Lower Basin and allocated each basin 7.5 million acre-feet of water to apportion. Water from the Colorado River is vital to Arizona because the ground water and rivers are not sufficient to supply the needs for residents of Central and Southern Arizona.

One of the major contributors to the success of the Central Arizona Project was Senator Carl Hayden of Arizona. He first entered public office in 1900 and served in a variety of local offices. When Arizona became a state he was elected to the House of Representatives and served 7 more terms before being elected to the Senate in 1927, were he would serve until the term ending in January 1969. Senator Hayden submitted his first bill to authorize the Central Arizona Project in 1947, and the Senate passed bills in 1950 and 1951, but the House of Representatives refused to take action. After the Supreme Court case Arizona vs. California in 1963 opened the way forward for the Central Arizona Project, Senator Hayden was convinced to run for another term.

One major concern about the Central Arizona Project was the fear that the proposed Bridge Canyon Dam would inundate the Grand Canyon. According to Representative John Rhodes “Many of our colleagues from other parts of the country were frightened at the possibility of the destruction of one of our great national treasures.”1 Interior Secretary Stewart Udall was convinced that these objections couldn’t be overcome and suggested that the plan for

the Bridge Canyon Dam should be scrapped and replaced with a coal-fired electric generating facility to lift CAP water to a higher elevation to bring it to Central and Southern Arizona.

While the Central Arizona Project had to be authorized in the Senate as far back as 1947 it had never been approved in the House. Representative John J. Rhodes from Arizona was the ranking Republican on the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Public Works. He had been elected to office in 1952, the first Republican elected to the House of Representatives in Arizona. He went on to serve 15 terms in office. He would go on to become House Minority Leader in 1973.2 He helped to finally gain authorization for the Central Arizona Project in the House of Representatives and was in his role as ranking Republican on the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Public Works, vital in insuring that not only was it authorized but that it was funded.3

In 1968 Hayden achieved his long-term goal when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed a bill approving construction of the Central Arizona Project as part of The Colorado River Basin Project. The Central Arizona Project is a large canal crossing the state of Arizona carrying water from the Colorado River to the desert areas of Southern and Central Arizona. In 1971, the Central Arizona Water Conservation District (CAWCD) was created to provide the federal government repayment of construction costs and manage and operate CAP. Construction began in Lake Havasu in 1973 and was completed in 1993 in Tucson.

This lesson centers on the Central Arizona Project and includes an interview by former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Sandra Day O’Connor interviewing (now former) Senator Jon Kyl.

Justice Sandra Day 0‘Connor “was born in El Paso, Texas, March 26, 1930. She married John Jay O’Connor III in 1952 and has three sons - Scott, Brian, and Jay. She received her B.A. and LL.B. from Stanford University. She served as Deputy County Attorney of San Mateo County, California from 1952–1953 and as a civilian attorney for Quartermaster Market Center, Frankfurt, Germany from 1954–1957. From 1958–1960, she practiced law in Maryvale, Arizona, and served as Assistant Attorney General of Arizona from 1965–1969. She was appointed to the Arizona State Senate in1969 and was subsequently reelected to two two-year terms. In 1975 she was elected Judge of the Maricopa County Superior Court and served until 1979, when she was appointed to the Arizona Court of Appeals. President Reagan nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and she took her seat September 25, 1981. Justice O’Connor retired from the Supreme Court on January 31, 2006.”4 She was also the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court serving for 24 years.

Senator Jon Kyl was born in Nebraska. He attended the University of Arizona and earned his BA and Law Degree at there. He then practiced law at Jennings, Strouss & Salmon in Phoenix (He mentions working on water issues in the video before serving in government). Kyl served 8 years in the U.S. House of Representatives and 18 years in the Senate. He was elected to serve as Republican Whip in 2008, the second-highest position in Senate Republican leadership and he held that position up to his retirement.

1 John Rhodes and Dean Smith, John Rhodes: I Was There (Salt Lake City, UT: Northwest Publishing Incorporated, 1995), 93. 2 Barry Goldwater, forward to John Rhodes: I Was There by John Rhodes and Dean Smith (Salt Lake City, UT: Northwest Publishing Incorporated, 1995), ix.

3 John Rhodes and Dean Smith, John Rhodes: I Was There (Salt Lake City, UT: Northwest Publishing Incorporated, 1995), 93. 4 Biographies of Current Justices of the Supreme Court.” Biographies of Current Justices of the Supreme Court. http://www.supremecourt.gov/about/biographies.aspx (accessed May 29, 2014).

Another person involved in the Central Arizona Project was Bruce Babbitt, Governor of Arizona for nine years: 1978 - 1987 and Attorney General in 1978. Babbitt also ran unsuccessfully for president in 1988. Described by the Almanac of American Politics as one of America’s most original “governors, his advocacy led to passage of a nationally acclaimed state water management code in 1980, and in 1986 of a water quality act described by the Los Angeles Times as perhaps “the nation’s toughest law to protect underground water.”5

Overview:Students will learn about how the decision to allocate the water from the Colorado River and how the creation of the Central Arizona Project (CAP) affected the development of Central and Southern Arizona and continues to affect the United States. Students will learn about the creation of CAP and then interpret maps to understand the effect it had on Central and Southern Arizona.

Essential Questions: What is the role of government in the development of natural resources?How does the allocation of natural resources affect the movement of people and the growth of states and cities?

Key Vocabulary with Definitions:CAP: Central Arizona Project

SRP: Salt River Project.

Surface Water: Water found on the surface of land

Ground Water: Water found underground in aquifers

Aquifer: An underground layer of permeable rock, sediment or soil that yields water6

Overdraft: When wells withdraw more water in an area than is replaced. either through natural cycles (rain) or artificial recharge.7

Safe yield: A term that indicates overdraft is not occurring and thus no more water is being withdrawn than is being replenished. If safe yield is not monitored aquifers can be depleted over time.8

Acre Foot: A unit of volume for water resources. The volume of an acre of surface area to a depth of one foot.

Recharge-replenishment of an aquifer’s groundwater: Natural recharge comes from rainfall, streams or melting snow. Artificial recharge takes place when water is pumped directly into stream channels and allowed to sink into the ground or placed directly into the aquifer through special wells.

5 Quoted in: “Bruce Babbitt.” Bruce Babbitt. http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/status/bios/babbit.htm (accessed May 29, 2014).6 Alison Smith and Judy Wheatley, Arizona Water Story, http://www.srpnet.com/education/azwaterstory.aspx#about (accessed May 29, 2014), 8.

7 Ibid., 29. 8 Ibid., 29.

Lesson Objectives: Students will be able to: Analyze the effects of decisions about water use.

Explain how those decisions changed the development of the Western United States with Arizona as an example.

Locate and identify physical and cultural features around the world and analyze the affects it has on population movements.

Procedure to Teach the Lesson:Note: This lesson has been divided into two days, but could be adapted for one 90-minute block of instruction. Teachers using this option may want to have students complete the readings before the lesson.

Day 1Begin PowerPoint Presentation (see Appendix D for a guided notes handout for students with a key, and Appendix E for additional notes for the teacher on each of the slides).

1. Ask students if they know where their water comes from (Slide 2). Explain that in Arizona about 1/3 of the water in Central and Southern Arizona comes from surface water, 1/3 from groundwater, (Slide 3) but much of Arizona is a Desert, receiving less than 10 in. of rain a year. So people began to look for a way to bring water from the Colorado River to Central and Southern Arizona (Slide 4).

2. Show the Topographical Map of Arizona (Slide 5) so that students can see the distance between the Colorado River and Phoenix and Tucson. Ask them to think how water gets from place to place. State the objectives for lesson and explain procedure for the lesson (slide 6). Explain that the lesson will cover how Central and Southern Arizona get water, the role of government in the process, the role of water in the growth of Arizona’s population through the use of maps and by watching a video.

Introduce the Essential Questions for the lesson: What is the role of government in the development of natural resources? How does the allocation of natural resources affect the movement of people and the growth of states and cities?

Introduce the people related to the CAP and the Arizona Centennial Conversations video (Slides 8 and 9). Students will watch clips of Senator Jon Kyl being interviewed by Sandra Day O’Connor talking about the issues of water and legislation affecting it. Students will continue to fill in the guided notes worksheet (Appendix D).

1. Intro 0:00 to 3:10: explains who is in the video and provides their backgrounds and explains the series. Brief discussion of Arizona’s Senators.

2. 7:38 -11:09: Senator Kyl talks about the importance of water to Arizona. Senator Kyl describes where Arizona’s water comes from: 1/3 of water is surface water, 1/3 groundwater and finally 1/3 comes from CAP. The clip describes the conditions that made CAP necessary and briefly touches on the court cases and legislation that made it possible.

Return to PowerPoint (Slide 9) and provide more information about Carl Hayden and Bruce Babbitt.

Continue lecture about the four stages of water development in Arizona introduced by Sen. Kyl in the video (Slide 10).

Review Slides 11-13

Introduce reading assignment for homework (see Appendix A): “The Central Arizona Project” from Layperson’s Guide to Arizona Water: prepared by the Water Education Foundation and the University of Arizona Resources Research Center, pages 11 and 12.

Available at https://wrrc.arizona.edu/publications/laypersons-guide-arizona-water/laypersons-guide-arizona-water

Questions and note taking suggestions are at the bottom of the guided notes worksheet (see Appendix D).

Alternative reading assignment for higher grade levels is http://www.cap-az.com/index.php/law-of-the-river

Day 2 Begin with discussion of previous day’s presentation and video, and the homework readings. Have students discuss the questions on Slides 15 and 16 using their notes.

Activity (introduction on Slide 17): Place students into groups of 3 or 4. Students will examine a number of maps: a map of the CAP, a series population density map of Arizona from 1910 through 2005, and a map of the rivers, streams and washes of Arizona (Appendix B).

1. Model the use of the map analysis worksheet (Appendix C) on the “Important Rivers, Streams and Washes” map. Ask students to predict where people would likely have first settled based on what they know about water. Have students use the “Arizona’s Topography and Rivers Map” to help them label Flagstaff, Phoenix and Tucson on their “Important Rivers, Streams and Washes” map.

2. Model this by labeling the city of Tucson using the scale line to find the distance from the southern border along with the its location on Santa Cruz River or by finding Tucson’s distance from the eastern and southern borders. Ask students if this matched their predictions.

3. Have students look at the “Central Arizona Project: The Canal and the Area it Serves” map. Have students use the map analysis worksheet again in groups. Based on what they know about CAP, this map and their earlier predictions ask them to draw or color in the counties where they expect the densest populations.

4. Have students turn to the Population of Arizona’s Counties Map and annotate it by adding in the events below in the correct times (so that the series of maps and events become a timeline). Events:

Roosevelt Dam completion (1911) Construction of CAP begins (1973)

Bartlett Dam completion (1940) CAP is completed (1993)

Ground Water Management Act (1980)

5. Ask students to compare the “Central Arizona Project: The Canal and the Area it Serves Map” and the “Population of Arizona’s Counties” map. Ask them if it matched their predictions.

Closure: The teacher will lead a discussion about the role of the federal and state governments, in the investment of physical capital. What connections can students make to the events they have learned about to the changes in Arizona’s population? The teacher will introduce the writing assignment for homework (see assessment section below).

Assessment: Students will turn in their evaluation of the connection between Arizona’s Population and the route of CAP based on the maps of Arizona and their notes from the video.

They will then asked to evaluate the effects that government investment had on Arizona with the homework writing assignment: “Based on what you have learned what role did the government play in bringing water to the desert and how did this effect the growth of Arizona and the cities of Phoenix and Tucson? Cite examples of legislation of investments that support your conclusion.” Students will be assessed on writing conventions and their ability to support their arguments based on the evidence shown in class. This should be a take-home assignment to be turned in the next day.

Extension: Have students use the water footprint calculator and tools at http://www.gracelinks.org/3404/water-footprint-calculator to learn about saving water. This site is useful if you want to add a lesson on water conservation and have students conduct research or suggest strategies to conserve water.

Annotated Bibliography:Resources for the LessonAugust, J. L. (1998). Vision in the Desert: Carl Hayden and Hydropolitics in the American Southwest. Fort Worth, Tex: Texas Christian University Press. Provides background for Carl T. Hayden and water issues in the Southwest.

“Biographies of Current Justices of the Supreme Court.” Supreme Court of the United States. Accessed May 29, 2014 Biographies of Current Justices of the Supreme Court. http://www.supremecourt.gov/about/biographies.aspx Biographical Information and Photo for Justice O’Connor

John Rhodes and Dean Smith. John Rhodes: I Was There. Salt Lake City, UT: Northwest Publishing Incorporated, 1995. Great source of information about the authorization and funding of the Central Arizona Project .

Barry Goldwater. Preface to John Rhodes: I Was There, by John Rhodes and Dean Smith, ix - x. Salt Lake City, UT: Northwest Publishing Incorporated, 1995. Biographical information about John J. Rhodes.

Colorado River Central Arizona Project http://repository.asu.edu/collections/24 and http://www.cap-az.com/index.php/oral-histories, Alternative reading assignment for higher grade levels is http://www.cap-az.com/index.php/law-of-the-river Contains reports, correspondence and publications primarily from the Carl T. Hayden papers dealing with CAP and the Colorado River. Related to what Jon Kyl says were probably his most important contributions to the future of Arizona

Layperson’s Guide to Arizona Water: prepared by the Water Education Foundation and the University of Arizona Resources Research Center Accessed on May 29, 2014. https://wrrc.arizona.edu/publications/laypersons-guide-arizona-water/laypersons-guide-arizona-water T Source for reading assignment on Arizona’s Water and the Central Arizona Project.

“SALT RIVER PROJECT.” Bureau of Reclamation: Lower Colorado Region, Phoenix Area Office -. http://www.usbr.gov/lc/phoenix/projects/saltriverproj.html (accessed May 28, 2014). Provides a short description of Salt River Project, its history and impact.

“Bruce Babbitt.” Bruce Babbitt. http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/status/bios/babbit.htm (accessed May 28, 2014). Brief biography of Governor Babbitt.

“RHODES, John Jacob | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives.” RHODES, John Jacob. http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/20319 (accessed May 30, 2014). Image of John Rhodes

“Arizona Water Story.” SRP: http://www.srpnet.com/education/azwaterstory.aspx (accessed May 28, 2014). For definitions of vocabulary

Additional Resources:Sheridan, T. E. (2012). Arizona: a history. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. Thomas Sheridan’s book provides an overview of Arizona History and a place to start for learning about Roosevelt Dam and Salt River Project that was discussed. It also briefly touches on some of the court cases mentioned by Senator Kyl like Wormser v. Salt River Valley Canal Company

WORK ON THE ARIZONA CANAL. (1912, Jul 25). Arizona Republican (1890-1922). Retrieved from http://login.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/ 761818214?accountid=4485

Luey, B., Stowe, N. J., Arizona State University., & Arizona Historical Society. (1987). Arizona at seventy-five: The next twenty-five years. Tempe: Arizona State University’s Public History Program and the Arizona Historical Society. Specifically the section on water as it relates to Jon Kyl’s discussion in the video. Also Gerald Nash’s essay “Reshaping Arizona’s Economy: A Century of Change” relates closely to a major topic of conversation in the interview.

Western Waters Digital Library http://www.westernwaters.org/collections Collaboration between twelve research libraries from eight western states regarding resources on water in the Western United States. Great source for images as well for primary sources.

Materials Needed:“Population of Arizona’s County” Map

“Central Arizona Project: The Canal and the Area it Serves” Map

“Important Rivers, Streams and Washes” map

O’Connor House Conversation Series: The Arizona Centennial Series.

“Arizona’s Topography and Rivers” Map

Layperson’s Guide to Arizona’s Water

Rulers

Projector

Appendix A

Available at https://wrrc.arizona.edu/publications/laypersons-guide-arizona-water/laypersons-guide-arizona-water

Appendix B: Maps

Appendix C: Map Analysis Worksheet and Keys

Available at http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/map_analysis_worksheet.pdf

Map Keys

Arizona’s Topography and Rivers Map Key

Important Rivers, Streams and Washes of Arizona Map Key

Central Arizona Project: the Canal and the Area it Serves Map Key

Population of Arizona’s Counties Map Key

Appendix D: Guided Notes Worksheet

Fill out the following section during the lecture/PowerPoint

VocabularySurface Water –

Ground Water –

Overdraft –

Acre Foot –

Aquifer –

Recharge –

PeopleSenator Jon Kyl

Justice Sandra Day O’Connor

Senator Carl Hayden

Governor Bruce Babbitt

Representative John Rhodes

Fill out the following section from the Video

1. Senator Jon Kyl served___________ years?

2. Arizona had ____________ Senator’s in its first 100 years.

3. Senator _______________ served the longest.

4. Senator Kyl is the __________ Senator from Arizona.

5. ___________ is the thing in short supply in our state.

6. There were about ________ separate stages to provide _________ for all the people that would move here.

7. Salt River Project was the ___________ multi-purpose reclamation project in the country.

8. As a result Arizona uses about ____________ of the water used in Arizona comes from _________ storage provided by SRP.

9. Everyone began pumping ___________-Water.

10. If a City wanted to expand it had to show it had a __________ year supply.

11. The Central Arizona Project, CAP brought water from the ____________ River.

12. There were claims against each other and in particular we had to satisfy the ___________.

13. ....who had __________ water rights.

Fill out the following section from the lecture/PowerPoint

Stage 1

The Reclamation Act of ______ The goal was to harness water in the ________ United States. Salt River

Project (SRP) - one of the first _________ projects authorized under the Reclamation Act. SRP improved

existing _______ and ________ as well as building new dams. The first was _______ Dam which began

construction in 1903 and was completed in ______ providing reliable _______ and ________ to the Phoenix

area. SRP would continue to build dams along the _______ and Verde rivers. The completion of Bartlett Dam,

in 1940, completed control of both the Salt and Verde rivers. “Between 1902 and 1940, the Phoenix area

population increased by 60,000 people, primarily because water and power had become readily available.”

Stage 2

The Groundwater Management Act 1980

Areas outside the reach of irrigation canals and ________, at the time most of the state outside the Phoenix

area relied on __________. Since the 1930’s, debate continued about how to manage groundwater and

prevent __________.

In 1980, Governor Bruce Babbitt signed the ____________ Management Act. The Act created one central

agency to manage water planning and regulation in Arizona to create and apply more stringent laws and

regulations to preserve groundwater.

Stage 3

The Central Arizona Project- Approved in ________.

The Central Arizona Project is a large ________ crossing the state of Arizona, carrying water from the

Colorado River to the Desert areas of Southern and Central Arizona. Construction began in 1973 and was

completed in 1993 in _______.

Stage 4

Resolution to Competing Claims - this stage is still on-going process.

“Under the Supreme Court Law Tribes have claim to ________ and a certain amount is assumed to be reserved

for use on the reservation, but those claims compete with _________ being made by irrigators, mining

companies, communities and the State of Arizona and some federal uses and they have to be resolved.”

-Jon Kyl

Reading Questions for Layperson’s Guide to Arizona Water, pp. 11-12:

1. Who does the article say the CAP delivers water to?

2. What counties does the CAP deliver to?

3. From the reading define “Law of the River”.

As you read, pay attention to the dates of when legislation was passed and court cases were settled. Place any additional notes below and on the back:

Key1. Senator Jon Kyl served 27 years?

2. Arizona had 10 Senator’s in its first 100 years

3. Senator Carl Hayden served the longest.

4. Senator Kyl is the 10th Senator from Arizona

5. Water is the thing in short supply in our state

6. There were about 4 separate stages to provide Water for all the people that would move here

7. Salt River Project was the First multi-purpose reclamation project in the country

8. As a result Arizona uses about 1/3 of the water used in Arizona comes from Surface storage provided by SRP

9. Everyone began pumping Ground-Water

10. If a City wanted to expand it had to show it had a 100 year supply

11. The Central Arizona Project, CAP brought water from the Colorado River.

12. There were claims against each other and in particular we had to satisfy the Indian Tribes.

13. ...who had Reserved water rights.

Stage 1The Reclamation Act of 1902 - The goal was to harness water in the Western United States. Salt River Project (SRP) - one of the first federal projects authorized under the Reclamation Act. SRP improved existing canals and dams as well as building new dams. The first was Roosevelt Dam which was began construction in 1903 and was completed in 1911 providing reliable power and water to the Phoenix area. SRP would continue to build dams along the Salt and Verde rivers. The completion of Bartlett Dam, in 1940, completed control of both the Salt and Verde rivers. “Between 1902 and 1940, the Phoenix area population increased by 60,000 people, primarily because water and power had become readily available.”

Stage 2The Groundwater Management Act 1980Areas outside the reach of irrigation canals and SRP, at the time most of the state outside the Phoenix area relied on Groundwater. Since the 1930’s, debate continued about how to manage groundwater and prevent overdraft.

In 1980, Governor Bruce Babbitt signed the Groundwater Management Act. The Act created one central agency to manage water planning and regulation in Arizona to create and apply more stringent laws and regulations to preserve groundwater.

Stage 3The Central Arizona Project- Approved in 1968

The Central Arizona Project is a large canal crossing the state of Arizona, carrying water from the Colorado River to the Desert areas of Southern and Central Arizona. Construction began in 1973 and was completed in 1993 in Tucson.

Stage 4Resolution to Competing Claims - this stage is still on-going process

“Under the Supreme Court Law Tribes have claim to water and a certain amount is assumed to be reserved for use on the reservation, but those claims compete with claims being made by irrigators, mining companies,

communities and the State of Arizona and some federal uses and they have to be resolved.”

-Jon Kyl

Appendix E: Slide Notes

Slide 1-2 Just read aloud

Slide 3 Surface Water – Surface Water-Water Found on the surface of land

Aquifer – an underground layer of permeable rock, sediment or soil that yields water

(may need to define Permeable – a substance that allows water or liquids to pass through it.)

Groundwater – Water found underground in Aquifers

Overdraft – when wells withdraw more water in an area than is replaced. either through natural cycles (rain) or artificial recharge. (Smith & Wheatley, 1996)

Safe yield- the term that indicates overdraft is not occurring and thus no more water is being withdrawn than is being replenished. If safe yield is not monitored aquifers can be depleted over time. (Smith & Wheatley, 1996)

Acre Foot – A unit of volume for water resources. The volume of an acre of surface area to depth of one foot.

Slide 4Just read aloud

Slide 5 Ask the questions- The Colorado runs near the top of the map and along the western border.

Looking for students to guess a canal to bring water to Phoenix and Tucson.

Slide 6 Just read aloud

Slide 7Present essential question- explain that the class will be coming up with answers using the story of water in Arizona as an example.

Slide 8 HAVE STUDENTS TAKE NOTES ON THEIR GUIDED WORKSHEETS IN THE “PEOPLE” SECTIONJustice Sandra Day 0‘Connor “was born in El Paso, Texas, March 26, 1930. She married John Jay O’Connor III in 1952 and has three sons - Scott, Brian, and Jay. She received her B.A. and LL.B. from Stanford University. She served as Deputy County Attorney of San Mateo County, California from 1952–1953 and as a civilian attorney for Quartermaster Market Center, Frankfurt, Germany from 1954–1957. From 1958–1960, she practiced law in Maryvale, Arizona, and served as Assistant Attorney General of Arizona from 1965–1969. She was appointed to the Arizona State Senate in1969 and was subsequently reelected to two two-year terms. In 1975 she was elected Judge of the Maricopa County Superior Court and served until 1979, when she was appointed to the Arizona Court of Appeals. President Reagan nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and she took her seat September 25, 1981. Justice O’Connor retired from the Supreme Court on January 31, 2006.”9 She was also the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court serving for 24 years.

Senator Jon Kyl was born in Nebraska. He attended the University of Arizona and earned his BA and Law Degree at there. He then practiced law at Jennings, Strouss & Salmon in Phoenix (He mentions working on water issues in the video before serving in government.) Kyl served 8 years in the U.S. House of Representatives and 18 years in the Senate. He was elected to serve as Republican Whip in 2008, the second-highest position in Senate Republican leadership and he held that position up to his retirement.

Show video time 0:00 to 3:10

Slide 9HAVE STUDENTS TAKE NOTES ON THEIR GUIDED WORKSHEETS IN THE “PEOPLE” SECTION Carl Hayden - One of the major contributors to the success of the Central Arizona Project was Senator Carl Hayden of Arizona. He first entered public office in 1900 and served in a variety of local offices. When Arizona became a state he was elected to the House of Representatives and served 7 more terms before being elected to the Senate in 1927, were he would serve until the term ending in January 1969.

Bruce Babbit-Bruce Babbit was Governor of Arizona for nine years 1978 - 1987 and attorney general in 1978, he ran unsuccessfully for president in 1988. Described by the Almanac of American Politics as one of America’s most original “governors, his advocacy led to passage of a nationally acclaimed state water management code in 1980, and in 1986 of a water quality act described by the Los Angeles Times as perhaps “the nation’s toughest law to protect underground water.”10

John Rhodes, the first Republican elected from Arizona to the U.S. House of Representatives. Elected 15 times. First elected in 1952 along with Republican Barry Goldwater in the U.S. Senate. Advanced to the Appropriations Committee, and promoted in 1973 to House Minority Leader.11 Played an important role in getting the Central Arizona Project approved in the House and his role on the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Public Works helped ensure the project would receive federal funding.12

9 “Biographies of Current Justices of the Supreme Court.” Biographies of Current Justices of the Supreme Court. http://www.supremecourt.gov/about/biographies.aspx (accessed May 29, 2014).

10 As quoted in “Bruce Babbitt.” Bruce Babbitt. http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/status/bios/babbit.htm (accessed May 29, 2014).

11 Barry Goldwater, forward to John Rhodes: I Was There by John Rhodes and Dean Smith (Salt Lake City, UT: Northwest Publishing Incorporated, 1995), ix.

12 John Rhodes and Dean Smith, John Rhodes: I Was There (Salt Lake City, UT: Northwest Publishing Incorporated, 1995), 89-98.

Show Video 7:38 -11:09

Slide 10 Review 4 stages.

Slide 11- 14 Read aloud and have students fill in guided notes.

Day 2 Based on reading, notes, and video.

Slide 15 Lead discussion using discussion questions

Slide 16 Discussion questions continued:

Based on what you have learned how would you explain the government’s role in the creation of the Central Arizona Project? Looking for role in funding, allocating water.

What do you think would have happened if CAP had not been built? or SRP not created?

Possible answers include, lower population, slower growth, people settling in different parts of the state

Would people still have settled in the same areas of Arizona? Possible settling in other places, not moving to Arizona .

If CAP was vital to the growth of Central and Southern Arizona what do you predict about the population around the route of the water from the Colorado River to where the Canal ends?

There should be more growth along the route of CAP.

Slide 17 Introduce the activities