Britain’s Tightening Control On Britain’s Tightening Control On the Colonies: Prelude to the the Colonies: Prelude to the

RevolutionRevolution1763-17751763-1775

Series of Acts (Laws) Series of Acts (Laws) Passed by the British Passed by the British

ParliamentParliament Why were these laws Why were these laws

passed?passed? To protect the lands gotten To protect the lands gotten

in the French and Indian in the French and Indian War (Area between War (Area between Appalachians and Appalachians and Mississippi, Also, Canada)Mississippi, Also, Canada)

Pay war debts from the Pay war debts from the French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

Enforce trade laws that Enforce trade laws that benefited the British benefited the British EmpireEmpire

Bring colonies under more Bring colonies under more control by the King and control by the King and ParliamentParliament British Parliament Building “Big

Ben”, London

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763 NoNo settlement could settlement could

be done in the lands be done in the lands that had been won in that had been won in the French and Indian the French and Indian War.War.

The reason for this act The reason for this act was to keep peace was to keep peace with the Native with the Native Americans and the Americans and the costs of protecting the costs of protecting the settlers would be too settlers would be too costly.costly.

Proclamation of 1763 Proclamation of 1763 Angers American ColonistsAngers American Colonists

Stamp Act of 1765Stamp Act of 1765The Stamp Act required a tax The Stamp Act required a tax

be paid on the following be paid on the following items:items:

A.A. Legal documentsLegal documentsB.B. PamphletsPamphletsC.C. NewspapersNewspapersD.D. Playing CardsPlaying Cards

This was a “sales tax”, not a This was a “sales tax”, not a direct tax.direct tax.

Eventually, due to protests in Eventually, due to protests in the colonies, the Stamp the colonies, the Stamp Act was repealed( done Act was repealed( done away with)away with)

Protest Against the Stamp Act in Boston

Declaratory Act of 1766Declaratory Act of 1766

Proclaimed that Proclaimed that Parliament had Parliament had the authority to the authority to tax the colonies tax the colonies on anything at on anything at anytime.anytime.

Stamp ActStamp Act

Boston Massacre Boston Massacre March 5March 5thth, 1770, 1770

Boston youth and dockworkers Boston youth and dockworkers begin to exchange insults in front begin to exchange insults in front of the Custom House (where of the Custom House (where taxes were charged on imports taxes were charged on imports and exports).and exports).

Snowballs were thrown.Snowballs were thrown. Crispus AttucksCrispus Attucks,, an African an African

American and four others were American and four others were killed..killed..

The British soldiers were placed The British soldiers were placed on trial and defended by Sam on trial and defended by Sam Adams cousin, Adams cousin, John Adams John Adams (future 2(future 2ndnd President of the President of the US).US).

The soldiers were found The soldiers were found innocent, but the incident innocent, but the incident became a symbol of British became a symbol of British tyranny tyranny

( non representative ( non representative government)government)

Intolerable Acts, 1774Intolerable Acts, 1774

Boston Harbor is Boston Harbor is closed for closed for punishment as the punishment as the result of the Boston result of the Boston Tea Party.Tea Party.

Americans must Americans must quarter ( house) quarter ( house) British soldiers British soldiers stationed in the stationed in the colonies.colonies.

Sam Adams, Leader of the Sons of Liberty

Sons of Liberty Dressed as Indians Dumping British Tea Into the Boston Harbor on December 16,1774

The Boston Tea Party and the Intolerable ActsThe Boston Tea Party and the Intolerable Acts

Townshend Acts of 1767Townshend Acts of 1767

Placed a tax on Placed a tax on wine, tea, paper, wine, tea, paper, glass, and leadglass, and lead

Townshend ActsTownshend Acts

North Carolina’s Road to North Carolina’s Road to RevolutionRevolution Patriots (Whigs)Patriots (Whigs)-Americans -Americans

who wanted complete who wanted complete independence from England. independence from England. Most North Carolina Patriot Most North Carolina Patriot support was in the support was in the backcountry among Scots-backcountry among Scots-Irish, German, and English Irish, German, and English settlers.settlers.

Loyalists (Tories)-Loyalists (Tories)- Americans Americans who wanted to remain loyal to who wanted to remain loyal to England. Most Loyalist support England. Most Loyalist support was in the Coastal Plain among was in the Coastal Plain among settlers of English descent and settlers of English descent and the Highland Scots along the the Highland Scots along the Cape Fear River. (Remember! Cape Fear River. (Remember! The Highland Scots had signed The Highland Scots had signed an oath stating they would an oath stating they would always be loyal to the English.)always be loyal to the English.)

North Carolina in 1773North Carolina in 1773

North Carolina’s North Carolina’s First Provincial CongressFirst Provincial Congress

North Carolina’s First North Carolina’s First ProvincialProvincial ( provincial ( provincial means local) congress means local) congress met in New Bern in met in New Bern in August of 1774. The August of 1774. The delegates agreed that delegates agreed that North Carolina would North Carolina would support patriot causes support patriot causes throughout the throughout the colonies. They also colonies. They also elected delegates to elected delegates to attend the attend the First First Continental Continental CongressCongress that met in that met in Philadelphia in Philadelphia in September, 1774.September, 1774.

Tryon Palace, New Bern

Aerial View of New Bern

Edenton Tea PartyEdenton Tea Party Penelope Barker led Penelope Barker led

55 women of Edenton 55 women of Edenton on the Albemarle on the Albemarle Sound in a boycott of Sound in a boycott of imported British teaimported British tea..

Penelope Barker

London Newspaper Cartoon Attacking the Ladies of

Edenton, North Carolina

Mecklenburg ResolvesMecklenburg ResolvesMay 20,1775May 20,1775

Mostly Scots-Irish Mostly Scots-Irish settlers in Charlotte settlers in Charlotte and Mecklenburg and Mecklenburg County declared County declared themselves free and themselves free and independent of British independent of British authority.authority.

Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg

King George III

Charlotte

The Queen City

Battles of Lexington and Battles of Lexington and ConcordConcord

MassachusettsMassachusettsApril 19, 1775April 19, 1775 The The committees of committees of

correspondencecorrespondence (communication network (communication network between the colonies) between the colonies) informs North Carolina that informs North Carolina that the British have fired upon the British have fired upon local militias at the towns of local militias at the towns of Lexington and Concord west Lexington and Concord west of Boston.of Boston.

Paul Revere, Samuel Paul Revere, Samuel Prescott, and William Prescott, and William DawesDawes had warned the had warned the communities that the British communities that the British were advancing to stop were advancing to stop Patriot support and destroy Patriot support and destroy arsenals storing weapons.arsenals storing weapons.

Old North Church

Boston

Paul Revere

First Shots of the RevolutionFirst Shots of the Revolution

The Continental Army is FormedThe Continental Army is FormedOn May 25, 1775 following the On May 25, 1775 following the

Battles of Lexington and Battles of Lexington and Concord the Second Concord the Second Continental Congress met in Continental Congress met in Philadelphia. Delegates Philadelphia. Delegates included:included:

John Adams-MassachusettsJohn Adams-Massachusetts Samuel Adams-MassachusettsSamuel Adams-Massachusetts John Hancock-MassachusettsJohn Hancock-Massachusetts Benjamin Franklin-Benjamin Franklin-

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania George Washington-Virginia George Washington-Virginia

(Chosen as Commander of the (Chosen as Commander of the Continental Army)Continental Army)

Patrick Henry-VirginiaPatrick Henry-Virginia Richard Caswell-North Richard Caswell-North

CarolinaCarolina John Penn- North CarolinaJohn Penn- North Carolina William Hooper-North William Hooper-North

CarolinaCarolina Joseph Hewes- North Joseph Hewes- North

CarolinaCarolina

Hewes Hooper Penn Caswell

Sam Adams Hancock

John Adams Franklin

Washington

Henry

Formation of the Continental ArmyFormation of the Continental Army

Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker HillJune, 1775June, 1775

Militiamen seized Militiamen seized Bunker Bunker HillHill and and Breeds HillBreeds Hill behind Charlestown near behind Charlestown near Boston, MassachusettsBoston, Massachusetts..

British General William British General William HoweHowe crossed the bay crossed the bay with 2,200 British with 2,200 British soldiers.soldiers.

Patriot leader Colonel Patriot leader Colonel William PrescottWilliam Prescott gave gave the order “Don’t fire to the order “Don’t fire to you see the whites of their you see the whites of their eyes!”eyes!”

The British claimed the The British claimed the hill, but lost 1000 men hill, but lost 1000 men compared to 400 compared to 400 AmericansAmericans

Howe Prescott

Battle of Bunker Hill, Boston MassachusettsBattle of Bunker Hill, Boston Massachusetts

Halifax ResolvesHalifax ResolvesApril 12, 1776April 12, 1776 North Carolina delegates North Carolina delegates

meet at Halifax on April 12, meet at Halifax on April 12, 1776 and voted to instruct 1776 and voted to instruct delegates to the Continental delegates to the Continental Congress to vote for total Congress to vote for total separation England. separation England.

North Carolina was the first North Carolina was the first colony to do this.colony to do this.

The Halifax Resolves and The Halifax Resolves and the Mecklenburg Resolves the Mecklenburg Resolves make “North Carolina: First make “North Carolina: First in Freedom”.in Freedom”.

The dates of the Halifax and The dates of the Halifax and Mecklenburg Resolves are Mecklenburg Resolves are on the North Carolina flag.on the North Carolina flag.

Common Sense is Common Sense is PublishedPublished Thomas PaineThomas Paine

wrote this pamphlet wrote this pamphlet in early 1776 urging in early 1776 urging Americans to fight Americans to fight for independence. for independence. Paine ridiculed the Paine ridiculed the idea that kings idea that kings ruled by the will of ruled by the will of God. Calling King God. Calling King George III “the George III “the Royal Brute,” Paine Royal Brute,” Paine argued that all argued that all monarchies( kings/monarchies( kings/Queens) were Queens) were corrupt.corrupt.

Thomas Paine Calls for Complete Separation from Thomas Paine Calls for Complete Separation from EnglandEngland

Battle of Moore’s Creek BridgeBattle of Moore’s Creek BridgeFebruary , 1776February , 1776“Slip and Slide Battle“Slip and Slide Battle”” North Carolina’s Royal North Carolina’s Royal

Governor Governor Josiah MartinJosiah Martin organizes a militia (small local organizes a militia (small local army) made up of loyalists army) made up of loyalists Highland ScotsHighland Scots at Cross at Cross Creek (today’s Fayetteville) to Creek (today’s Fayetteville) to end patriot support along the end patriot support along the Cape Fear River and Cape Fear River and southeastern North Carolina.southeastern North Carolina.

Patriot forces led by Patriot forces led by Richard Richard CaswellCaswell remove planks and remove planks and grease girders on Moore’s grease girders on Moore’s Creek Bridge near Wilmington. Creek Bridge near Wilmington. As the loyalists march across As the loyalists march across the bridge the patriot troops the bridge the patriot troops open fire on themopen fire on them

The Battle of Moore’s Creek The Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge causes the British to see Bridge causes the British to see that their loyalist support is that their loyalist support is limited in the Southern limited in the Southern Colonies. The entire war effort Colonies. The entire war effort is moved to the northern is moved to the northern colonies.colonies.

MOORE’S CREEK

MOORE’S CREEK BRIDGE

WILMINGTON

CROSS CREEK

“FAYETTEVILLE”

Highland Scot Loyalist Crossing the Moore’s Creek Bridge, February, 1776

North Carolina’s First North Carolina’s First ConstitutionConstitution

In the fall of 1776, In the fall of 1776, North Carolina North Carolina drafted its drafted its first first state constitution state constitution in this house in in this house in Halifax and Halifax and appointed Richard appointed Richard Caswell as the first Caswell as the first governor of the governor of the State of North State of North CarolinaCarolina

Constitution House, Halifax

Richard Caswell

1st Governor

State of North Carolina

1776

The Declaration of The Declaration of IndependenceIndependenceJuly 4, 1776July 4, 1776

Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was chosen Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was chosen to draft the to draft the Declaration of Declaration of Independence.Independence.

The document is approved on July 4, The document is approved on July 4, 1776 in the Pennsylvania State House in 1776 in the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia (now Independence Hall).Philadelphia (now Independence Hall).

North Carolina’s Signers:North Carolina’s Signers: William HooperWilliam Hooper Joseph HewesJoseph Hewes John Penn John Penn

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson(1743-1826)(1743-1826)

Monticello,

Charlottesville, Virginia

Jefferson Memorial

Washington, D.C.

University of Virginia, Charlottesville

Jefferson’s Grave

INDEPENDENCE HALL

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA

Powerful WordsPowerful Words