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““British” AmericaBritish” AmericaAPUSH Unit #2 (Chps 5-8)APUSH Unit #2 (Chps 5-8)
SSUSH 2 (Some overlap from last unit—”British SSUSH 2 (Some overlap from last unit—”British America”America”
SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution. & causes of the American Revolution. &
SSUSH4 The student will identify the SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution. the American Revolution.
Take FiveTake Five
What were some of the similarilities What were some of the similarilities and differences between America and differences between America and England by the mid-1700s?and England by the mid-1700s?
Colonial SocietyColonial Society
““Little England”Little England”PopulationPopulationImmigrationImmigration
Germans, Swiss & AustriansGermans, Swiss & Austriansreligious sectsreligious sects
Scotch-IrishScotch-IrishIndian relationsIndian relationsQuakers’ pacifismQuakers’ pacifism
Growing American PopulationGrowing American Population
CensusCensus
year Population year Population
1610 3,800 1610 3,800 1620 4,100 1620 4,100 1630 4,600 1630 4,600 1650 50,400 1650 50,400 1670 111,900 1670 111,900 1690 210,400 1690 210,400 1700 250,900 1700 250,900 1720 466,200 1720 466,200 1740 905,600 1740 905,600 1750 1,170,800 1750 1,170,800 1770 2,148,100 1770 2,148,100 1780 2,780,400 1780 2,780,400 1790 3,929,214 1790 3,929,214
American Immigration American Immigration Before and After 1790Before and After 1790
CountryImmigrants Before
1790Population 1790
Africa 360,000 757,000
England* 230,000 2,100,000
Ulster Scot-Irish* 135,000 300,000
Germany 103,000 270,000
Scotland* 48,500 150,000
Ireland* 8,000 (Incl. in Scot-Irish)
Netherlands 6,000 100,000
Wales* 4,000 10,000
France 3,000 15,000
Jews 1,000 2,000
Sweden 500 2,000
Other 50,000 200,000
British total 425,500 2,560,000
Total 950,000 3,900,000
Portrait of the English Portrait of the English FamilyFamily
Portrait of the American Portrait of the American FamilyFamily
Opportunities in AmericaOpportunities in America
EnglandEngland Bleak existence in Bleak existence in
EuropeEurope City life in LondonCity life in London ““Cinderella” stories= Cinderella” stories=
a falsehooda falsehood
AmericaAmerica Opportunities for Opportunities for
social advancementsocial advancement Land ownershipLand ownership Cash cropsCash crops Legal/governmental Legal/governmental
rightsrights
Young George WashingtonYoung George Washington
Social MobilitySocial Mobility Father dies when Father dies when
Washington is 11Washington is 11 Lives with older Half-Lives with older Half-
brother Lawrencebrother Lawrence Lawrence=landowner, Lawrence=landowner,
military commander, military commander, respected member of respected member of gentry etc…gentry etc…
Washington seeks Washington seeks samesame
Washington’s Social MobilityWashington’s Social MobilityWashington’s Path to Washington’s Path to GreatnessGreatness Lawrence dies…Washington Lawrence dies…Washington
inheritsinherits Washington courts & Washington courts &
marries wealthy widow marries wealthy widow Martha Custis (only visits a Martha Custis (only visits a few times)—wanted to few times)—wanted to marry her neighbor, Sally marry her neighbor, Sally FairfaxFairfax
Receives a commission as Receives a commission as colonel from VA militia colonel from VA militia during French and Indian during French and Indian warwar
Increases landholdings Increases landholdings through Ohio River valley through Ohio River valley land during F & I warland during F & I war
Young Ben FranklinYoung Ben Franklin
Social MobilitySocial Mobility Becomes an indentured Becomes an indentured
servant to his older brother servant to his older brother to learn the printing trade to learn the printing trade at age 12 for 9 years (until at age 12 for 9 years (until age 21)age 21)
Adopts psuedeum Silence Adopts psuedeum Silence Dogood and writes Dogood and writes anyomous letters (age 16)anyomous letters (age 16)
Brother discovers truth and Brother discovers truth and Franklin runs away to Franklin runs away to Philadelphia Philadelphia
Franklin’s Social MobilityFranklin’s Social Mobility
Franklin’s path to GreatnessFranklin’s path to Greatness Wins prestige over educated Wins prestige over educated
elite (including Governor of elite (including Governor of PA)PA)
Travels to LondonTravels to London Returns and works in several Returns and works in several
different merchant shopsdifferent merchant shops Has illigitmate sonHas illigitmate son
—”marries”—common law —”marries”—common law his sweetheart to become his sweetheart to become respectable respectable
Continues writing and wins Continues writing and wins favor with educated elitefavor with educated elite
Women in the ColoniesWomen in the ColoniesEx: Martha Custis Ex: Martha Custis Washington (uncommon)Washington (uncommon)
Father hired private Father hired private tutors for a “complete” tutors for a “complete” educationeducation
11stst husband dies, husband dies, education serves her education serves her well—does not require well—does not require male guardianshipmale guardianship
Maintains inheritance--Maintains inheritance--dowrydowry
Rights to property Rights to property transferred to George transferred to George upon marriage upon marriage
Women in the ColoniesWomen in the Colonies
Could not vote, serve on Could not vote, serve on government, testify in government, testify in court, serve on church, court, serve on church, social etc…committeessocial etc…committees
Could not own or inherit Could not own or inherit property or businesses property or businesses UNLESS receiving a UNLESS receiving a “mourning dowry”—pre “mourning dowry”—pre established will upon established will upon marryingmarrying
All wealth and land (from All wealth and land (from dowry) transferred to dowry) transferred to new husband if remarriednew husband if remarried
Could not divorce & Could not divorce & children were the children were the “property” of the “property” of the husbandhusband
Could have own money Could have own money as mid-wife, dowry as mid-wife, dowry (managing estate or (managing estate or business) or prostitutionbusiness) or prostitution
Women in the coloniesWomen in the coloniesWidows, Slaves & Widows, Slaves & Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants Widows: unless having a Widows: unless having a
“dowry”, had only a few “dowry”, had only a few weeks before she was weeks before she was forced to remarry or declare forced to remarry or declare herself “dour”herself “dour”
Women couldn’t live alone Women couldn’t live alone without a male guardian, without a male guardian, b/c town couldn’t protect b/c town couldn’t protect her virtueher virtue
Most remarried the county Most remarried the county agent that was sent to agent that was sent to inform that her time was inform that her time was up!!!!up!!!!
Slaves: could be Slaves: could be tortured, beaten, tortured, beaten, raped or murdered…raped or murdered…no legal recourseno legal recourse
Most indentured Most indentured servants were “bought servants were “bought out” and became out” and became wives b/c women were wives b/c women were so rareso rare
Slavery in the ColoniesSlavery in the Colonies Exists in Exists in ALLALL the colonies not just the the colonies not just the
southsouth Most slaves had same freedoms as Most slaves had same freedoms as
indentured servants (off weekends—indentured servants (off weekends—spent time on other plantations with spent time on other plantations with family members (wives), in town at family members (wives), in town at taverns, co-mingled, had other paying taverns, co-mingled, had other paying jobs etc)jobs etc)
Paying out their bondage & ManumissionPaying out their bondage & Manumission UNTIL…news of the Haitian revolution; UNTIL…news of the Haitian revolution;
New Orleans revolt and Stono uprising New Orleans revolt and Stono uprising
Stono Uprising, SC (1739)Stono Uprising, SC (1739) Response to the Security Act (1739)—all white men Response to the Security Act (1739)—all white men
required to carry weapons on Sunday (mandatory required to carry weapons on Sunday (mandatory day off for slaves)day off for slaves)
20+ slaves band together on a Sunday morning, 20+ slaves band together on a Sunday morning, went to shop in Charleston, armed themselves and went to shop in Charleston, armed themselves and killed the 2 shop keepers & went house to house killed the 2 shop keepers & went house to house killing white masters killing white masters
One slave hid his master (rewarded later) before One slave hid his master (rewarded later) before being forced to join the groupbeing forced to join the group
Group grows in number (60 slaves) and march Group grows in number (60 slaves) and march killing 20-25 whites before apprehended and killed killing 20-25 whites before apprehended and killed themselvesthemselves
Stono UprisingStono Uprising
Haitian revolution (1791-Haitian revolution (1791-1804)1804)
French colony-Santa Domingo French colony-Santa Domingo Horrible violence against masters Horrible violence against masters
and overseersand overseers Haitians expected US help Haitians expected US help
(revolutionary spirit)—US did not (revolutionary spirit)—US did not helphelp
Haitians took control and declared Haitians took control and declared themselves a republicthemselves a republic
New Orleans Revolt (1811)New Orleans Revolt (1811)
250-500 slaves joined the rebellion250-500 slaves joined the rebellion 25 miles of terror—moving from 25 miles of terror—moving from
plantation to plantationplantation to plantation Only killed 2 white men, but caused Only killed 2 white men, but caused
panic and fear in outlying areaspanic and fear in outlying areas
Results of the Slave RevoltsResults of the Slave Revolts Fear and terrorFear and terror End of manumission or hope of freedomEnd of manumission or hope of freedom Strengthening of slave codesStrengthening of slave codes
– No free time (no Sunday’s off)No free time (no Sunday’s off)– Illegal to teach a slave to read and writeIllegal to teach a slave to read and write– Illegal to marryIllegal to marry– Illegal to own or carry weaponsIllegal to own or carry weapons
End of co-mingling, freedom passes End of co-mingling, freedom passes and work for payand work for pay
World Wars, Colonial WarsWorld Wars, Colonial WarsWhat it meant on the What it meant on the continent?continent?
Constant warfare over Constant warfare over territory, royal territory, royal inheritance and powerinheritance and power
King William’s WarKing William’s War
Queen Anne’s WarQueen Anne’s War
War of Jenkin’s Ear War of Jenkin’s Ear etc…etc…
Results: Expensive, Results: Expensive, increase in taxes on increase in taxes on continentcontinent
What it meant in the What it meant in the colonies? colonies?
Possible bar fights for Possible bar fights for country pridecountry pride
Occasional interruptions in Occasional interruptions in trade between countriestrade between countries
Salutary neglect by Salutary neglect by EnglandEngland
Colonial assembliesColonial assemblies
Colonial tradeColonial trade
Colonial ignoring Colonial ignoring navigation acts & navigation acts &
taxestaxes
““The Golden Age”The Golden Age”
Salutary NeglectSalutary Neglect
Robert WalpoleRobert Walpole
Molasses ActMolasses Act
Political AutonomyPolitical Autonomy
ParliamentParliament
Colonial governorsColonial governors
Elected assembliesElected assemblies
Colonies prior to 1763Colonies prior to 1763
Religion in the coloniesReligion in the colonies
Colonial contributionColonial contribution
The “Great Awakening”The “Great Awakening”
Rev. Jonathan EdwardsRev. Jonathan Edwards
Increase in church membershipIncrease in church membership
Social equality Social equality
George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield
“ “New Light” vs “Old Light”New Light” vs “Old Light”
The Age of EnlightenmentThe Age of Enlightenment
Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton
John LockeJohn Locke
DeismDeism
Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton
John LockeJohn Locke
Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin