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At that time, Britainand France were
at war, and whatwas later called the
Seven Years War.
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Family Compact or
Pacto de Familia
alliance between king of
France and Spain and it issigned on 15 August 1761
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Britain first declared waragainst Spain
Spain issued their owndeclaration of war
against Britain
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Louis XV
ofFrance
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George IIIthe
King ofGreat Britain
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Charles
III ofSpain
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The British Cabinet led by thePrime Minister, the Earl of Bute,agreed to attack Havana in the
West Indies
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and approved ColonelWilliam Draper's 'Scheme
for taking Manila withsome Troops, which are
already in the East Indies'in the East.
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January 21 1762-king of spain signed his
instructions andimplementing to do his
scheme.
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The Beginning
The British Occupationoccurred when they forced
occupied the Manila (SpanishColonial Capital of the
Philippines) and the nearbyprincipal port ,Cavite , both
on Manila Bay.
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nn
Sept. 23, 1762
- the British flotillalanded in Manila,which marked thebeginning of theBritish invasion
of thePhilippines.
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The expedition, led by
and
,captured Manila, "the
greatest Spanishfortress in the western
Pacific".
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Former Governor-General of the
Philippines, PedroManuel de Arandia, had
died in 1759 and hisreplacement BrigadierFrancisco de la Torre
had not arrived becauseof the British attack on
Havana in Cuba.
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The Spanish
Crown appointedthe Archbishopof Manila
Manuel Rojo delRio y Vieyra as
temporary
LieutenantGovernor.
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Manuel Rojodel Rio y Vieyra
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By October 5, the British
cannonade had made apracticable breach in the
fortifications of Manila.
During the night of October 5 to6, the Spaniards made a sally
upon the British position with1,000 Filipinos and were drivenback with heavy loss.
S
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During the siege the Spanishmilitary lost:
3 officers, 2sergeants, 50 troops
of the line
30 civilians of themilitia, besides many
woundedthe natives there were 300 killed and 400
wounded
The besiegers suffered 147 killed andwounded, of whom 16 were officers. The
fleet fired upon the city more than 5,000
bombs, and more than 20,000 bullets
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What happened during theBritish Invasion?
churches and government
offices were ransacked
government documentswere destroyed
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What happened during theBritish Invasion?
valuables were taken and
historical documents such asAugustinian records
paintings in the GovernorGenerals Palace were
destroyed
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What happened during the BritishInvasion?
The British demanded a ransomof four million dollars from the
Spanish government to stop theplundering of the city,
something to which ArchbishopRojo agreed in order to avoid
further destruction.
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-Dawsonne Drake
assumedgobernatorial office
as the British
governor of Manila
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When after several attempts Drake
realized that he wasn't getting asmany assets that he expected, heformed a War Council that he
named Chottry Court, with absolutepower to imprison anyone who he
wished. Many Spanish, Mestizos,Chinese and Indians were brought
into prisons for crime.
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Real Audiencia de Manila
and their native allies
prevented the Britishoccupation forces fromexpanding to other parts of theArchipelago, as it had beenoriginally planned.
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With the efforts of Simn de
Anday Salazars provisionalgovernment and some Filipinofighters loyal to Spain, they
kept the invading Britishforces from occupying other
territorial regions in the nationother than the newly occupied
Manila.
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eventually raised an
army which amounted to over10,000 combatants, most of
them voluntary natives, andalthough they lacked enough
modern weapons, they weresuccessful in keeping the Britishforces confined within Manila.
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wrote to Rojo informing him that Anda had
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wrote to Rojo informing him that Anda hadassumed the position of Governor and
Capitan-General under statutes of theCouncil of the Indies which allowed for thedevolution of authority from the Governor to
the Audiencia in cases of riot or invasion byforeign forces, as such was the case. Anda,being the highest member of the Audiencia
not captive by the British, assumed allpowers and demanded the royal seal. Rojodeclined to surrender it and refused to
recognize Anda's as Governor-General.[
Th d t
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The surrender agreementbetween Archbishop Rojo and the
British military guaranteed theRoman Catholic religion and its
episcopal government, securedprivate property, and granted the
citizens of the former Spanishcolony the rights of peaceful traveland of trade 'as British subjects'.
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Anda, being the highest
member of the Audiencia notcaptive by the British, assumed
all powers and demanded theroyal seal. Rojo declined to
surrender it and refused torecognize Anda's as Governor-
General
U d B i i h l
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Under British control,
the Philippines wouldcontinue to be governed
by the Real Audencia,
the expenses of whichwere to be paid by
S ain However Anda did not
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However, Anda did notrecognize any of the
agreements signed by Rojo asvalid, claiming that the
Archbishop has been made tosign them by force, and
therefore, according to thestatutes of the Council of the
Indies the were invalid H l f d t
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He also refused to
negotiate with the invadersuntil he was addressed as
the legal Governor-Generalof the Philippines, returning
to the British the letters thatwere not addressed to that
All f th i iti ti
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All of these initiatives were
later approved by the Kingof Spain, who rewarded
him and other members ofthe Audiencia, such as
Jos Basco y Vargas, whohad fought against the
invaders
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The British force in Manila
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The British force in Manilaproved inadequate to win any
significant lasting control
outside the capital and weredefeated on every attempt
they made to occupy otherpositions anywhere outside
Manila
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Severe disagreements
between Dawsonne Drakeand the military commanders
who replaced Draper andCornish prevented either
fruitful negotiations with Andaor effective military action.
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The one who lead the militarycommand in Manila, ended upreporting to the Secretary of
War that "the enemy [theSpanish] was in full possession
of the country."
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The Seven YearsWar was ended by
the Treaty of Paris
(1763) signed on10 February 1763.
After Archbishop Rojo died on January
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After Archbishop Rojo died on January1764, the British military finally
recognized Simn de Anda y Salazaras the legitimate Governor of thePhilippines, sending him a letter
addressed to the Real AudienciaGobernadora y Capitana General,
after which Anda agreed to anarmistice on the condition that theBritish forces were withdrawn from
Manila by March.
The British ended the
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The British ended the
occupation by embarkingfrom Manila and Cavite in
the first week of April1764, and sailing out of
Manila Bay for Batavia,India, and England.
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Melanie De Torres
April Carelo
Mezzanine Leonor
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- Powerpointpreparation and
reporting
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Research
and reporting
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Reporting
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