Mobile Mobile Mobile Mobile Mobile Mobile Mobile Mobile DevicesDevicesDevicesDevicesDevicesDevicesDevicesDevices andandandandandandandand SignallingSignallingSignallingSignallingSignallingSignallingSignallingSignalling

BroadbandBroadbandBroadbandBroadbandBroadbandBroadbandBroadbandBroadband TrafficTrafficTrafficTrafficTrafficTrafficTrafficTraffic ManagementManagementManagementManagementManagementManagementManagementManagement, London, London, London, London, London, London, London, London

17.11.201117.11.201117.11.201117.11.201117.11.201117.11.201117.11.201117.11.2011

Martin Prosek, Video & Content PlatformMartin Prosek, Video & Content PlatformMartin Prosek, Video & Content PlatformMartin Prosek, Video & Content PlatformMartin Prosek, Video & Content PlatformMartin Prosek, Video & Content PlatformMartin Prosek, Video & Content PlatformMartin Prosek, Video & Content Platforms s s s s s s s DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment ManagerManagerManagerManagerManagerManagerManagerManagerTelefTelefTelefTelefTelefTelefTelefTelefóóóóóóóónicanicanicanicanicanicanicanica CzechCzechCzechCzechCzechCzechCzechCzech RepublicRepublicRepublicRepublicRepublicRepublicRepublicRepublic

AboutAboutAboutAbout TelefTelefTelefTelefóóóónicanicanicanica Czech RepublicCzech RepublicCzech RepublicCzech Republic

� FixedFixedFixedFixed andandandand mobilemobilemobilemobile voice and data,voice and data,voice and data,voice and data, IPTVIPTVIPTVIPTV� Operated under commercial brand OOperated under commercial brand OOperated under commercial brand OOperated under commercial brand O2222

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TelefTelefTelefTelefóóóónica Globallynica Globallynica Globallynica Globally

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IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

01010101Mobile Data Network – What is happening and where

02020202Mobile Devices and Applications

00003333 Signalling Issues

00004444 Prevention Methods

00005555 Reality Check – Figures and Experience

00006666 Summary

� Disclaimer: The opinions of the author expressed in this document do not necessarily state or reflect those of Telefónica company

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Mobile Data NetworkMobile Data NetworkMobile Data NetworkMobile Data Network

� Simple on first sight – another network using IP

� But it is much more complex…

� Data plane vs. Control plane

Mobile NetworkOperator

Content Provider

Network

Consumer

Network OverloadNetwork OverloadNetwork OverloadNetwork Overload

�Network could be overloaded not only on data plane

� Also control plane suffers by growing traffic – signalling

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Structure of Mobile NetworkStructure of Mobile NetworkStructure of Mobile NetworkStructure of Mobile Network

�Many places to have signalling bottlenecks

� Devices have big influence

Devices in Mobile NetworkDevices in Mobile NetworkDevices in Mobile NetworkDevices in Mobile Network

� Traditional devices (feature phones) do not usually cause overload

� PC (laptop) users with modems (USB dongles) demand the same services as over fixed network

� Smartphones are bigger problem for signalling than overload, especially due to applications that are not respecting mobile network specifics

� Smartphone/PC crossover = tablet – combination of drawbacks?

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Data Traffic by Data Traffic by Data Traffic by Data Traffic by Mobile Mobile Mobile Mobile DeviceDeviceDeviceDevice

� Every type of mobile device has different impact

Laptops are just x 200 in O2 CZ networkiPhones are just x 10 in O2 CZ network

Application ImpactApplication ImpactApplication ImpactApplication Impact

�What is more difficult – delivering one big package once per day or small package every 5 minutes?

�Messaging applications are doing exactly the latter…

� Frequent connecting and disconnecting overload the network

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Signalling IssuesSignalling IssuesSignalling IssuesSignalling Issues

� Signalling flood – can create situations reminding DoS attacks

� Increased signalling in RAN can cause impacts in core network• Radius/Diameter interface – overload of AAA servers

• DHCP IP address pools exhaustion

� The users (smartphone applications) behaviour is irregular and it is hardly possible to predict it

Network Network Network Network Data Data Data Data Overload PreventionOverload PreventionOverload PreventionOverload Prevention MethodsMethodsMethodsMethods

�Network capacity upgrade (more cells, new technology…)

� Traffic shaping (FUP…)

� Traffic offloading

� Content optimisation

�…

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Network Signalling Overload Prevention MethodsNetwork Signalling Overload Prevention MethodsNetwork Signalling Overload Prevention MethodsNetwork Signalling Overload Prevention Methods

� Throw new equipment to the network

� Signalling throttling – identify problematic users

� Device adaptation – accommodate responses

� PDP-contexts parking – redirect to dummy APN

�…

� Offloading – positive impact as well

� Signalling can also drain the battery • Frequent PDP-context establishing is battery power consuming

• Battery life can be improved by supporting fast dormancy in network

Reality Check from Reality Check from Reality Check from Reality Check from TelefTelefTelefTelefóóóónicanicanicanica Czech RepublicCzech RepublicCzech RepublicCzech Republic

�Not just talk – use real data from network

� CZ market differs from Western Europe, smartphone penetration is lower

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

200912201001201002201003201004201005201006201007201008201009201010201011201012201101201102201103201104201105201106201107201108201109201110

Without OS

Symbian OS

Google Android

Apple iOS

Microsoft Windows Mobile/Phone

RIM BlackBerry OS

Samsung Bada

Linux Smartphones

MTK OS/Nucleus OS

Palm OS/webOS

Mobile Data Traffic SurgeMobile Data Traffic SurgeMobile Data Traffic SurgeMobile Data Traffic Surge in TEF CZin TEF CZin TEF CZin TEF CZ

�Mobile data use skyrockets everywhere

� Telefónica CZ is not an exception

HSDPA launch

Cheap data packages launch

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Mobile Data Traffic SurgeMobile Data Traffic SurgeMobile Data Traffic SurgeMobile Data Traffic Surge in TEF CZin TEF CZin TEF CZin TEF CZ

� Following the general trend…

Devices Split in network in TEF CZDevices Split in network in TEF CZDevices Split in network in TEF CZDevices Split in network in TEF CZ

� Large amount of feature phones – especially Nokia 6300

Feature phones76%

Smartphones20%

Modems4%

Tablets0%

Devices Connecting onDevices Connecting onDevices Connecting onDevices Connecting on----line in TEF CZline in TEF CZline in TEF CZline in TEF CZ

� Feature phones are also connecting

Feature phones24%

Smartphones56%

Tablets1%

Modems19%

Transferred Data Volume in TEF CZTransferred Data Volume in TEF CZTransferred Data Volume in TEF CZTransferred Data Volume in TEF CZ

�Modems are eating majority of the bandwidth

Feature phones1%

Smartphones15%

Tablets1%

Modems83%

Signalling Load in TEF CZSignalling Load in TEF CZSignalling Load in TEF CZSignalling Load in TEF CZ

� Smartphones are taking more capacity

� Applications are connecting – application data download, updates, messaging, advertising…

Feature phones6%

Smartphones77%

Tablets2%

Modems15%

Google Android93%

RIM BlackBerry OS2%

Palm webOS0%

Apple iOS0%

Microsoft Windows Phone

1%

Microsoft Windows Mobile

2%

Symbian OS2%

Samsung Bada0%

Linux Smartphones0%

Signalling Load per OS in TEF CZSignalling Load per OS in TEF CZSignalling Load per OS in TEF CZSignalling Load per OS in TEF CZ

� Average signalling per device

� Android exception probably caused by a few faulty wrongly set-up devices

Data Traffic by Device Data Traffic by Device Data Traffic by Device Data Traffic by Device in TEF CZin TEF CZin TEF CZin TEF CZ

21This data is provided by

Devices Dynamics Devices Dynamics Devices Dynamics Devices Dynamics in TEF CZin TEF CZin TEF CZin TEF CZ

200802 200806 200810 200902 200906 200910 201002 201006 201010 201102 201106

Google Android

Apple iOS

�Market share reports do not give proper info about actual state in networks

� Operators measure it more accurate – but not publish

� Example from TEF CZ network

Nokia; 44%

Samsung; 9%

HTC; 6%

Research in Motion; 5%

Sony Ericsson; 5%

LG; 2%

Others; 24%

Apple; 6%

PDPPDPPDPPDP----CCCContextsontextsontextsontexts Parking in TEF CZParking in TEF CZParking in TEF CZParking in TEF CZ

� Approximatelly 1 % of all PDP-context signalling goes to parking APN

PDPPDPPDPPDP----CCCContextsontextsontextsontexts Parking in TEF CZParking in TEF CZParking in TEF CZParking in TEF CZ

� Improvement in quality indicators

Current SituationCurrent SituationCurrent SituationCurrent Situation

� Data tsunami…? Signalling storm…?• Rather slow boiling of a frog – the trend was visible already in 2005

• But was it still too quick for the operators‘ pace…?

SummarySummarySummarySummary

� Upgrading mobile network data throughput is not enough

�Mobile equipment vendors must employ more sophisticated methods for signalling

• Adapt for individual devices

• Provide parking APN functionality

• Have protection against signalling flood

� Operators must analyze network traffic with respect to individual applications behaviour

� Collaborate with application developers – educate, give guidelines, testing support…

Thank you.Thank you.Thank you.Thank you.Thank you.Thank you.Thank you.Thank you.