Brochure Guarding en Final Links2

8/19/2019 Brochure Guarding en Final Links2

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V O I C E O F F U T U R E G E N E R A T I O N S

GUARDING OUR FUTUREHow to include future generationsin policy making


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As for the future your task is notto forsee it, but to enable it.”

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

“

The World Future Council consists of 50 eminent global

change-makers from governments, parliaments, civil

society, academia, the arts and business. We work to pass

on a healthy planet and just societies to our children

and grandchildren with a focus on identifying and

spreading effective, future-just policy solutions. The

World Future Council was launched in 2007 by Jakob

von Uexkull, Founder of the ‘Alternative Nobel Prize’.

It operates as an independent foundation under German

law and finances its activities from donations.

HOW TO CONTACT US

Headquarters Hamburg, Germany Mexikoring 29, 22297 Hamburg, GermanyPhone: +49 (0)40 3070914-0Fax: +49 (0)40 [email protected]

London, UK 100 Pall Mall, London, SW1Y 5NQ, UK Phone: +44 (0)20 [email protected]

For more information please seeour website: www.futurejustice.org

/Future-Justice

@FutureJustice0

PrintPublished by: World Future Council Foundation

Date: April 2014

Authors: Dr. Maja Göpel and Ms. Catherine Pearce

Editors: Joanna Dober, Alice Vincent and Chris Bradford

Design: Anja Rohde, Hamburg

Print: Oeding print GmbH

Special thanks to Sándor Fülöp, Marcel Szabó,

Trombitás Gábor, Jan Wright and Peter Davies for generously sharing their materials and insight and

to Solutions for free use of the article published in

Vol. 1/06 2010, www.thesolutionsjournal.com

Photo CreditsCover: iStock; Page 1: WFC; 5: Jan Wright;

6: Peter Davies; 8: Dr. Marcel Szabó; 9: Fotolia;

11: Maja Göpel; 12: Fotolia; 13: iStock

http://www.futurejustice.org/http://www.futurejustice.org/


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The integrated and interdependent nature of the new challenges and issues contrastssharply with the nature of the institutions that exist today. These institutions tend to beindependent, fragmented, and working to relatively narrow mandates with closeddecision processes. Those responsible for managing natural resources and protectingthe environment are institutionally separated from those responsible for managing theeconomy. The real world of interlocked economic and ecological systems will notchange; the policies and institutions concerned must.2

Our Common Future, Brundtland Report 1987

The quality of life for our children and grandchildrenin 2050 depends on our decisions today

All over the world climate change, environ-

mental destruction, financial crises, and thewidening gap between rich and poor arespreading insecurity and fear. We know thatbig changes in running our societies areneeded. Laudable declarations and inspiringideas abound. Yet we seem to be experien-cing deep inertia. How can we turn finewords into action?

Policy making seems to be stuck in a way of thinking that is inadequate in the face of severe global challenges. We have acollective responsibility to implement anddeliver ambitious sustainable developmentstrategies for an interconnected world of some 9.6 billion people by 20501.

We believe there is enough wealth on theplanet to provide peace and wellbeing for all:

OUR COMMON FUTURE

IF we update our policies to protectlong-term interests.IF the rules of engagement are fair and for the common good.IF we protect diversity of life onthis planet.

The World Future Council is advocatinga vision of Future Justice – common sensepolicy solutions that will benefit society asa whole and provide a high quality of lifefor generations to come.


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ISSUES AND CHALLENGESCONFRONTING POLICY MAKERS

It has been over twenty years since the firstglobal sustainability summit took place.The world cheered, yet the laudabledeclarations have done little in practice tobring about the deep changes needed.Despite many international meetings, the

level of implementation of far-sightedglobal policy objectives remains dire.Targets for climate change mitigation;biodiversity protection; ocean protection;poverty eradication; health and socialequity are continuously missed.

Looking at how we develop policies andthe institutions we have designed to serveus, we can observe the following:

1. The interests of the ‘here and now’always take precedence over futureinterests driven by the short-termismof election cycles typically of three tofive years. Short-term business cycles,driven by quarterly earnings reports,aggravate the pressure for immediaterather than long-term returns on

investment.

2. Decision-making continues to bedivided between and within governingand administrative bodies despite awidespread appreciation for integratedpolicy making. Each single-issue depart-ment seeks to deliver on its own targetsrather than identifying where long-termtrends create policy convergence. Thisapproach creates policy incoherence

between economic, social, and environ-mental measures and slows implemen-tation. It is inefficient, often ineffectualand limits farsighted policy makers.

3. The concept of ‘welfare’ by which

policy performance is guided focuseson GDP growth as a measure of successand views societies only as individualconsumers. Yet, the wellbeing of peopledoes not necessarily increase beyonda certain income level. It depends onmany factors like health, work, socialcontact, democracy or free time.These factors of quality of life, just asthe value nature provides, determinethe wellbeing of societies. Yet, they areoften sacrificed for economic growthgoals.3, 4, 5

4. Our culture of individualism shows itslimits in times when the challengesahead seem to overwhelm people’scapacity to cope. Studies show thatuncertainty and fear of loss are heavy

burdens on peoples’ wellbeing. Tomobilise people to joint action we needa compelling vision of life in the futureand trust in sharing responsibilities toget there. We need “a new commonpurpose defined by the needs of thecurrent age”.6


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HOW WOULD A GUARDIAN FOR

FUTURE GENERATIONS WORK?

WHERE THERE IS A WILL,THERE IS A WAY

We need to tackle these issues andchallenges head on. Bringing the voice of future generations to the negotiating tableis fundamental for this. It is the quality of life of our children and grandchildren thatwe are deciding when we debate issues such

as environmental protection, youth un-

employment, pension systems, public debtand so on. It is their wellbeing that is atstake. By appointing a legal representative,a Guardian that actively speaks up in thename of future generations, we can bring21st century checks and balances to our

political institutions.

The benefits: far-sighted policy making that enhances

the well-being of current and future generations

Intelligence Incentives Solutions Challenge

The arena: Political

silo-thinking and

short-termism

The Guardian as

an ombudsperson

conveys citizen

concerns to the

legislating units

The Guardian as

an interface creates

incentives for

integration and

prevents policy

incoherence

The Guardian as

an advisory body

recommends

solutions

The Guardian as

an auditing body

traces conflicts of

interests and

road-blocks to

implementation


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ENABLING OUR FUTURE

all governmental departments, he or shecould have a clear overview of policy develop-ments and impacts, including unintendedconsequences, and take remedial action tokeep long-term interests at the heart of government. Such a systematic overview of

the work of government committees anddepartments would minimise the risk of policy incoherence. A Guardian for FutureGenerations would also, by ensuringinformation flow and exchange, improvethe overall effectiveness of policy making.

Building on sustainability assessmentmechanisms and wellbeing data (where inplace), the Guardian for Future Generationswould actively engage with different depart-ments to help decision makers understandthe effects of their decisions on the livingconditions of future generations, thushelping to avoid significant future adverseeffects that would cost much more toclean up than to prevent. Over time, theGuardian’s office would become a servicefor integrated policy making and expertise

in wellbeing. Such knowledge could help toinform and advise broader political goals,targets and indicators beyond GDP.

Keeping our common future in view and analysing how single decisionsmight support or harm that futurehelps to nurture a new commonpurpose: the shared responsibility toenable the children of 2050 to leadhappy and healthy lives.

The 1992 UN Conference on the Environ-ment and Development recognised inter-generational equity as central to sustain-ability policy making. The principle of intergenerational equity is now enshrinedin the constitutions of many countries. Its

practical implementation is however rare.

We borrow environmental capital fromfuture generations with no intention or prospect of repaying … We act as we dobecause we can get away with it: futuregenerations do not vote; they have nopolitical or financial power; they cannotchallenge our decisions.7

Our Common Future,Brundtland Report 1987

Appointing a real person to representfuture citizens means that people who areconcerned now about the long-termimpacts of policy decisions can have a focalpoint in government. With over 70 % of Europeans behind the idea that policies

should protect future generations evenwhere the interests of current generationsare affected8, it is clear that a Guardian for Future Generations would help increasepeople’s trust in government.

A Guardian for Future Generations wouldact as an ombudsperson, filtering publicconcerns and views directly into the rele-vant committees and departments. If theGuardian had access to all information in


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The role of New Zealand’s ParliamentaryCommissioner for the Environment wascreated by the Environment Act of 1986and was part of wide ranging environmen-tal reforms of the period.

The Commissioner is an independentOfficer of Parliament – a standing sharedby the Auditor General and the Ombuds-man and is focused on providing advice toParliament as a whole and to the public.

The functions of the role are broadlydefined. Indeed the Environment Actallows for the Commissioner to investigate“any matter in respect of which, in the

Commissioner’s opinion, the environment may be or has been adversely affected”.The Commissioner also submits onproposed legislation that affects theenvironment.

Both reports on investigations and adviceon legislation contain non-bindingrecommendations. However many of theserecommendations are implemented by thegovernment of the day or are incorporated

into the policies of opposition parties andthus may be implemented in the future –a result in keeping both with the role’sindependence and its focus on providingParliament with a long view.

The final decision to investigate an issue or submit on a piece of proposed legislationlies with the Commissioner. However investigations are often spurred by publicconcerns and there is also provision for Parliament to request an investigation.

The role has a term of five years. The twoprior Commissioners, Helen Hughes andDr Morgan Williams, both served two

terms. The present Commissioner, Dr JanWright, is currently serving her secondterm.Dr Wright’s work addresses many issuesincluding climate change, fresh water quality, pest control, the preservation of wilderness, hydraulic fracturing, andrenewable energy.

The Commissioner is assisted in her role byan office of sixteen staff.

Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment in New Zealand

KEEPER OF THE LONG VIEW


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Following the decision by the UK Govern-ment to close the UK’s SustainableDevelopment Commission9 in 2011, theWelsh Minister for the Environment,Sustainability and Housing announced theappointment of a new Commissioner for Sustainable Futures.

This appointment reflects how seriously wetake our duty to Sustainable Development,and is proof of our commitment to do allwe can to make Wales a truly sustainablenation.

Ms Davidson, Welsh Minister for theEnvironment, Sustainability and Housing

Wales is one of only a few governments tohave a legal duty to sustainable develop-ment. The main roles of the Commissioner are to:

provide leadership and authority tothe Welsh Government’s vision for sustainable development in Wales

convene stakeholders involved insustainable development as well asdevelop partnerships on the mostchallenging issuesadvise the Welsh Government on long-term policies and approaches of how toachieve sustainable development in allparts of society across Walespromote sustainable development as thecentral organising principle throughoutWelsh politics, embedding this principleinto all work and community sectors inline with the Welsh Government’sSustainable Development scheme:One Wales One Planet

The Commissioner has to undertake thefollowing actions in order to fulfil theabove-mentioned roles:

provide expertise and evidence insupport of sustainable development bydrawing on best practice from the UK and internationallywork with UK & Scottish Governmentand Northern Ireland Executive on bestways to promote sustainable develop-ment in the UK

Sustainable Futures Commissioner in Wales

A LEGAL DUTY TOPROMOTE SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT


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report to the Welsh Government on

progress towards, and challenges facinga more sustainable Walessubmit independent commentary withinthe Welsh Government’s statutorySustainable Development AnnualReport.

The Sustainable Futures Commissioner is supported by Cynnal Cymru – Wales’sustainable development forum. The

Commissioner also works closely with theWales Audit Office, as well as chairing theClimate Change Commission for Wales.Peter Davies was appointed to this role onApril 1st 2011 as a continuation of hisprevious role as Commissioner for Waleson the UK SDC. This function will be furt-her strengthened by the Welsh Governmentplans to introduce the Future Generations

Bill

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(previously the Sustainable Develop-ment Bill) which will help tackle the gene-rational challenges Wales faces in a more joined up and integrated way – ensuringWelsh public services make key decisionswith the long term wellbeing of Wales inmind – and establish the Commissioner’sfunction on a statutory basis with legalpowers and duties.

Mr Davies explains:

Sustainable development has been at theheart of the devolution process in Wales.The new Future Generations Bill will bean opportunity to introduce a stronger governance model to ensure we can makedecisions that are fit for purpose in thelong term, promoting social justice andoperating within environmental limits.

In March 2001, the Knesset – Israel’s parlia-ment – established a Commission for Future Generations, an inter-parliamentarybody to audit legislation on the impacts for

coming generations.11, 12 With specific focuson the creation of ‘a dimension of thefuture that would be included in theprimary and secondary legislation of theState of Israel’, the Commission operatedwith a five-year mandate to defend theneeds and the rights of future generations.One of the first steps in establishing theCommission for Future Generations wasthe need to define which policy areas were“of particular interest to future genera-tions,” as this was the wording of the law.Even though the Commission’s initiatorswere apparently not familiar with theconcept of sustainability, it ended up withtwelve policy areas that matched theprinciple components of sustainability.The Commission effectively had informalveto power over lawmaking, similar to the

impact of a filibuster in the US Congress.12The Israeli Commission for Future Gene-rations was a significant initiative, the firstexplicit representation of future generationswithin government. Commissioner ShlomoShoham 2001–2006 took a systemic andintegrated approach in his opinions andchallenged business as usual.13 After Shoham’s term ended, the governmentchanged and for budgetary reasons no newCommissioner was appointed.

Vetting Policies for Future

Generations – NationalCommission for FutureGenerations in Israel


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OMBUDSPERSON FOR INTACT NATURE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

Deputy-Commissioner for Fundamental Rights

The need for an Ombudsman for FutureGenerations was recognised and acceptedby the Hungarian Parliament in 2007. In

2011 the Parliament recognised the need toprotect natural resources at constitutionallevel by stating in the Fundamental Lawthat:“agricultural land, forests and drinking water supplies, biodiversity – in particular native plant and animal species – and cultural assetsare part of the nation’s common heritage, and

named the State and every person to be obliged to protect, sustain and preserve them for future generations”.

It established a direct link between theenvironment, the interest of future gene-rations and basic constitutional rights such

as the right to a healthy environment andthe right to physical and mental health.This strong relationship was first estab-lished by the Constitutional Court when in1994 it emphasised the link between theright to a healthy environment and theState duty for establishing an institutionalsystem that provides substantive andprocedural legal guarantees in this respect.Since 2007 the Ombudsman has reliedheavily on this argument and has calledupon the State on several occasions tofulfil its duty in order to respect individualfundamental rights.

While the institutional set up of theombudsman system has gone throughseveral changes over the years the mainapproach has not been changed. It was

introduced by the first Ombudsman for Future Generations Mr Sándor Fülöp wholed an independent office much like theGeneral Commissioner and the other twospecific Parliamentary Commissioners. Dueto the institutional changes that merged theoffices into a single office, making the threeindependent Ombudsmen Deputies andchanging the way in which the specificfundamental rights could be represented,Mr Fülöp resigned in 2012.


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I am deeply convinced that nature is acommon heritage of mankind and eachnation is responsible to do its best to

contribute to the conservation of theseassets for future generations. It isindispensable to raise awareness andestablish the institution of the Ombuds-person for Future Generations all over theworld for the effective protection of land,water supplies, forests, clean air,biodiversity and cultural heritage.

Dr. Marcel Szabó, Deputy-Commissioner

for Fundamental Rights,responsible for the protection of theinterests of future generations, Hungary

Despite the institutional changes, theOmbudsman for Future Generations is stillelected by the Parliament with a majorityvote of two-thirds. In October 2012 Mr Marcel Szabó was elected by the Parliamentas the second Ombudsman for FutureGenerations for a six year period.

Under the new institutional structure Mr Szabó may initiate and/or participate ininvestigations upon complaints and ex officio conducted by the general Ombuds-man; propose to turn to the ConstitutionalCourt or the Curia of Hungary in caseswhere there is a strong belief that a national

or local piece of legislation is in violationof the Fundamental Law. Also, he mayinitiate intervention in public administra-tive court cases regarding environmentalprotection. In the course of these proce-dures he has access to all relevant docu-ments. His mandate includes the right toexamine national and local legislativeactions; to monitor policy developmentsand legislative proposals to ensure that theydo not pose a severe or irreversible threat

to the environment or harm the interests of future generations. He is involved in theelaboration of non-binding statements andproposals to any public authority includingthe Government, and ensures that thedirect link between the nation’s commonheritage and the fundamental rights of allgenerations (including future generations)are respected and not forgotten.

In his report of 15 August 2013 on ‘Inter- generational Solidarity and the Needs of Future

Generations’ 14 the UN Secretary-Generalnoted, among eight other institutions, theHungarian Office of the Commissioner for

Fundamental Rights, regarding its specialmandate in protecting the interest of futuregenerations. Mr Szabó is a strong advocatefor combining the protection of interests of future generations with the protection of national heritage as established in theHungarian Fundamental Law; for joiningforces with similar efforts and developingan international network of institutionsaimed at protecting the interests of futuregenerations.


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If a Guardian for Future Generations is tobecome a strong mechanism for 21st

century checks and balances, the officeshould have the following characteristics:15

IndependentThe office should be independent . TheGuardian should not hold another govern-mental post, such as within a parliamentarycommittee. Ideally, the Guardian’s officeshould also be legally independent. Of the examples discussed, the HungarianCommissioner enjoys the most indepen-dence, even though the budget dependsupon the will of Parliament.

Transparent

The Guardian’s office should be transparent to increase trust. The office needs a clear and direct mandate and should reportregularly about its results. While all theCommissioners presented as examples inthis brochure provide regular reports, the

Hungarian Commissioner has the mostdirect mandate for independentcommunication, whereas the New Zealandand Israeli Commissioners’ opinions havetended to be influenced by executive or legislative bodies or the media.

CHECK-LIST FOR IMPACT

Legitimate

The Guardian’s office should be legitimate and should enjoy large public support.The New Zealand and Israeli offices wereestablished by government decree. Whilethe New Zealand Commissioners maintain

good relationships with all stakeholdersduring investigations, and the results of thework of the Israeli Commissioner werecommunicated widely in the media, theHungarian Commissioner enjoys morelegitimacy. His position was createdfollowing an initiative by a civil societyorganisation.16

Access to informationThe Guardian’s office should have accessto information. The office needs extensiveauthority to request whatever files it deemsrelevant. The mandate of the HungarianCommissioner is most generous in thisregard.

Accessible

The Guardian’s office should be accessible and allow for all inputs from all stake-holders. In New Zealand and Hungary, butnot in Israel, the mandate ensures directaccess for citizens through petitions.


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These examples of visionaries – from NewZealand, Wales, Israel and Hungary – showthat the mandate for a Guardian for FutureGenerations is entirely dependent on acountry’s legal and cultural reality. Eachcountry has distinct values, rights, dutiesand goals in its constitution and in itsbasic laws. In New Zealand and Hungary,mandates are limited to the protection of the environment and cultural heritage; theIsraeli Commissioner, on the other hand,oversaw twelve policy areas and was closer to a holistic protection of living conditionsfor future generations.

For over 50 years, international law hasexplicitly linked intergenerational equity

and the environment. It is enshrined insome 20 national constitutions. A report bythe UN Secretary-General, Intergenerational Solidarity and the Needs of Future Genera- tions17 was published in 2013, making astrong case for action at the UN level,“The present generations need to understand why leaving the planet to our descendants in at least as good condition as we found it is the right or good thing to do.”

GUARDING WHAT WE VALUE

Drawing upon many of the examplesdetailed in this brochure, the report focuseson intergenerational equity and futuregenerations. It addresses both the moraland philosophical arguments that form thediscourse around safeguarding the needs of future generations and highlights existingand potential examples of mechanisms thathelp to bring the long-term perspective toour policy approaches.

In the early 1990s the Cousteau Societystarted a campaign for a Bill of Rightsfor Future Generations. Article 1 in theproposed Bill declared that “Future gene-rations have a right to an uncontaminatedand undamaged Earth and to its enjoy-

ment as the ground of human history, of culture, and of the social bonds that makeeach generation and individual a member of one human family” (Cousteau 2010).Over 9 million people in 106 countriessigned a petition to which UNESCObecame a partner in 1993. This was inthe days before the Internet made petitionsigning easy. In 1997 the UNESCOGeneral Conference unanimously adoptedthe Declaration.18


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We believe appointing a Guardian for Future Generations could provide theoverview and the impetus to steer policymaking in a new direction. Evaluatingpolicy proposals for their effects on thelives of future generations invites a common

vision and common responsibility. Itreduces the potential for narrow-mindedbargaining and oversight: Giving a voicearound today’s policy making tables to thechildren of 2050 connects today’sproposals with the life of tomorrow.

Changing the way we speak about thechallenges we face is helping citizensre-engage with policy making. Choicesbecome more important when the lives of future generations – people’s own childrenand grandchildren – are affected. Such achange of perspective reconciles the currentgeneration’s hopes and desires with thoseof generations to come. This connecting

FUTURE JUSTICE STARTS TODAY

view into the future is what the WorldFuture Council is promoting anddeveloping with its partners. We call thisvision Future Justice.

Future Justice creates fair conditions for future generations by updating policies toreflect new knowledge about the planet andhuman wellbeing. Common progressimplies respect for the dignity and therights of all generations. Preserving our world and all its life forms becomes a corefunction of our economies.

The integrity of our ecosystems is as rele-vant for future generations as the integrityof our social systems. Rebalancing our societies so that the children of 2050 canenjoy happy healthy lives means actingdifferently today. Reorienting our policiestowards the goal of long-term wellbeing for all will lay the foundations for Future Justice. We know where action is overdue.With the help of Guardians for FutureGenerations, our task will be made easier.

The role of an Ombudsperson at thelocal and the national level is an effectiveinstitution to act as a representative for those who are today not able to expresstheir interests and also their needs and their responsibilities. It is a great step in the right

direction.

Mr Achim Steiner, Executive Director,UN Environment Programme (UNEP)


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1: http://esa.un.org/wpp/Documentation/

pdf/WPP2012_Press_Release.pdf

2: Report of the World Commission on

Environment and Development: Our

Common Future, Ch. 12, para. 2 (WCED,

1987) [online]. www.un-documents.net/

ocf-12.htm.3: OECD. Measuring the Progress of

Societies [online]. http://www.oecd.org/

statistics/measuringwell-beingandprogress.htm

4: Wikiprogress [online].

www.wikiprogress.org.

5: http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/en/

index.htm

6: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/

cmsUpload/Reflection_en_web.pdf

7: Report of the World Commission on

Environment and Development: Our

Common Future, From one Earth to one

World, para. 25 (WCED, 1987) [online].

www.un-documents.net/ocf-ov.htm.

8: Europeans losing faith in EU,

published 27 August 2010 [online]. http://

www.euractiv.com/euro/europeans-losing-

faith-in-eu-news-497209

9: SDC closing statement: http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/presslist.php/119/

what-next-for-sustainable-development

10: http://wales.gov.uk/topics/

sustainabledevelopment/future-generations-

bill/?lang=en

11: http://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/

fileadmin/user_upload/Maja/

Future_Justice_Library/Knesset_Paper.pdf

SOURCES

12: Shoham, S., & Lamay, N., in Do We Owe

Them a Future? The Opportunities of a

Representation for Future Generations in

Europe (Jávor, B & Rácz, J, eds.), 89–113

(Védegylet – Protect the Future, Budapest,

2006).

13: Shoham, S. Future Intelligence and

Sustainability (Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung,

Gütersloh, Germany, 2010).

14: http://www.futurejustice.org/wp-content/

uploads/2013/10/N1342845.pdf

15: For similar results on best features for

Guardians see the study Models for

Protecting the Environment for Future

Generations of The International Human

Rights Clinic at Harvard Law School

16: Jávor, B & Rácz, J, eds. Do We Owe Them

a Future? The Opportunities of a

Representation for Future Generations inEurope (Védegylet – Protect the Future,

Budapest, 2006).

17: http://www.futurejustice.org/wp-content/

uploads/2013/10/N1342845.pdf

18: http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-

URL_ID=13178&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&

URL_SECTION=201.html

19: Brown Weiss, E. Intergenerational fairness

and rights of future generations.

Generational Justice! 3:1, (2002).

http://esa.un.org/wpp/Documentation/pdf/WPP2012_Press_Release.pdfhttp://esa.un.org/wpp/Documentation/pdf/WPP2012_Press_Release.pdfhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-12.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-12.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/statistics/measuringwell-beingandprogress.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/statistics/measuringwell-beingandprogress.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/statistics/measuringwell-beingandprogress.htmhttp://www.wikiprogress.org/http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/en/index.htmhttp://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/en/index.htmhttp://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/Reflection_en_web.pdfhttp://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/Reflection_en_web.pdfhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-ov.htmhttp://www.euractiv.com/euro/europeans-losing-faith-in-eu-news-497209http://www.euractiv.com/euro/europeans-losing-faith-in-eu-news-497209http://www.euractiv.com/euro/europeans-losing-faith-in-eu-news-497209http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/presslist.php/119/what-next-for-sustainable-developmenthttp://www.sd-commission.org.uk/presslist.php/119/what-next-for-sustainable-developmenthttp://www.sd-commission.org.uk/presslist.php/119/what-next-for-sustainable-developmenthttp://wales.gov.uk/topics/sustainabledevelopment/future-generations-bill/?lang=enhttp://wales.gov.uk/topics/sustainabledevelopment/future-generations-bill/?lang=enhttp://wales.gov.uk/topics/sustainabledevelopment/future-generations-bill/?lang=enhttp://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Maja/Future_Justice_Library/Knesset_Paper.pdfhttp://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Maja/Future_Justice_Library/Knesset_Paper.pdfhttp://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Maja/Future_Justice_Library/Knesset_Paper.pdfhttp://www.futurejustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/N1342845.pdfhttp://www.futurejustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/N1342845.pdfhttp://www.futurejustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/N1342845.pdfhttp://www.futurejustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/N1342845.pdfhttp://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13178&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.htmlhttp://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13178&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.htmlhttp://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13178&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.htmlhttp://www.euractiv.com/euro/europeans-losing-faith-in-eu-news-497209http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13178&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.htmlhttp://www.futurejustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/N1342845.pdfhttp://www.futurejustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/N1342845.pdfhttp://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Maja/Future_Justice_Library/Knesset_Paper.pdfhttp://wales.gov.uk/topics/sustainabledevelopment/future-generations-bill/?lang=enhttp://www.sd-commission.org.uk/presslist.php/119/what-next-for-sustainable-developmenthttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-ov.htmhttp://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/Reflection_en_web.pdfhttp://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/en/index.htmhttp://www.wikiprogress.org/http://www.oecd.org/statistics/measuringwell-beingandprogress.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-12.htmhttp://esa.un.org/wpp/Documentation/pdf/WPP2012_Press_Release.pdf


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In all that we do, we inherently represent

not only ourselves but past and future

generations. We represent past

generations, even while trying to

obliterate the past, because we embody what they passed on to us. We represent

future generations because the decisions

we make today affect the well-being of

all persons who come after us and the

integrity and robustness of the planet

they will inherit.”19

Edith Brown Weiss

“

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