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The most controversial nation in the world, thenation of gold and diamonds, of apartheid andSoweto, does not exist in complete isolation.South Africa, whether we like it or not, is

inextricably linked to the economies of theWestern world and its fate will affect us all. It is

a nation divided not only between black andwhite but between white and white. I'ounderstand South Africa the world must knowthe Broederbond. This book is the first detailedand comprehensive expos6 of that exclusive andimmensely powerful organization which controlsand governs South Africa.

Its 12,000 members all white, influential,male, protestant Afrikaners dominate the livesof 25 million people; people of all races, religionsand colors; the people of South Africa.

Since its formation in I918 the Broederbondhas slowly tightened its grip on a nation.Through sophisticated methods of infiltration,backed up by the total commitment of itsmembers and the absolute secrecy of itsactivities, the organization has systematicallytaken control of the key areas of South Africansociety- the military, media, church, education,police and government. P.W. Botha, the PrimeMinister; B.J. Vorster, the State President; andall but two of the present cabinet are members.What were once internal Broederbond policiesof racial division and Afrikaner domination arenow the policies of the state. Today it standssupreme in South Africa the wordBroederbond means power!

Until now the truth about South Africa hasremained hidden from the world.

But inJanuary I978 a man walked into theoffices of theJohannesburg Sunday Times. He

Continued on bach flap

told journalist Ivor Wilkins: "I've come totalk. . . I've been reading my bible constantly,and thinking. Now I feel certain I want to exposethe Broederbond." For the first time adisillusioned member was prepared to risk thevengeance of the Bond to tell all he knew.Wilkins went straight to news editor HansStrydom - the break on the Broederbond wasunderway.

The defector had violated the organization'sstrict security regulations by keeping top-secretdocuments detailing policies and covering a widespectrum of political, religious and social issues

- including apartheid.Armed with this evidence and with the fruits

of extensive research and interviews, the authors,at great personal risk and under constant threatof government clampdowns on their newspaper,have succeeded in providing a full and giippingaccount of the most powerful secret society in theworld.

And now, for the first time in its sixty yearhistory, the Broederbond stands exposed in thespotlight of international scrutiny.

IVOR WILKINS was born in Potchefstroom,South Africa, in 1951. He entered the newspaperworld as a photographer for The Daily News inDurban and after a period in London returnedto that newspaper as a political reporter. In 1976he joined theJohannesburg Sunday Times,

HANS STR"YDOM is news editor and assistantto the editor of the Sunday Times. Aftergraduating in sociology from the University ofSouth Africa in 1958 he first studied to become a

teacher before standing for Parliament in 1961when he was twenty-five. He has worked as ajournalist on the Sunday Tribune ar.dsubsequently joined the Sunday Times as aparliamentary correspondent.

lachet Design and Photography: BarnberForsyth Design.

PRINTED IN IlSA

fvorWilkinsHansStrydom

PADDINGTONPRESSTTD

NEW YORI( & TONDON

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataV'ilkrns. Ivor. r95 r-

The Broederbond.

Includes bibliographical references and index.I. Afrikaners-Politics and government. z. Broeder-

bond. 3. South Africa-Politics and government-2oth century. 4. South Africa-Race relations.L Strydom, Hans, r936- joint author. n. Title.or888.w54 r979 32o.9'68'o5 7g-r2o29ISBN o 448 zz98r r (U.S. and Canada only)ISBN o 7og2 0734 4

Copyright C; ,glg I. Wilkins, H. Strydom.All rights reservedFirst published in r978 byJonathan Ball Publishers, South Africa.

Printed and bound in the United Srates.

In the United StatesPADDI\CTO\ PRESS

Distnbuted br'GRossET &' nl'sr.lpIn the Unired KingdomPADDI\GTO\ PRESS

ln CanadaDrstnbured bvR.{\DO\1 HOL'SE OF C.{\.\D.\ LTD.

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To my wife, Gertie, for the endless hours spent on deciphering:odes. and preparing the most extensive membership list' of theBroederbond ever published .. .

To my children, for understanding a disrupted household at aJifficult time in their careers .. .

To all my friends for their assistance and morar support.

Hans Strydom

To my family and friends.

[r'or Wilkins

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Contents

Preface

Profile of power

Part I Ascent to power1 History of the Afrikaner Broederbond2 Hervog3 Smuts

I The sy-U"ri. o**"gon T..k oirq:g ...... ....5 Political Triumph _ ,f,. tg+S ilection Victor y . . . .

Part II power6 After the Victory . . . .

7 Republic - A Dream Achieved .8 Afrikaans-English Relations.. . j' ! " "' r'

9 A View on the Indian Furure . .10 The Broederbond and tn" Cotour.a f"fi.y . . . .. . .11 Division Among Brothers _ tfr" ff Np Split12 The Broederbond and apr.,tr"il13 Soweto -June ,16.............14 Sports policy15 Education .....1! Il. St.rggi" f". ,f," Churches . .

17 The Commission of Inquiry ....................

1

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. 177

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. 216

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. 326

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357

372

377383

397

408

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439451

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Part III The Mechanics of power18 The Broederbond _ As ,."rr Uf ,fre Broeders .....19 The Consrirution, Adminir,.rion and Finance ...20 Recruitment....

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21 Induction....22 Secrecy . . -. .

23 Discipiirr" rrra Wrr.f,aog Co*-iri".r. . . . . . . . . . .24 contact between Memb-ers and Subsequent Inflr.r." o, pori.y ";;. . .

,ri i;:til:.T,1"ther rnstiru,i";; ro._.a by ;; ;;"ederbond27 Conclurion . .oSelected BibliographyIndex .....Appendix - List "f'Nr-".

"Do you realise what a powerful forceis gathered here tonight between these fourwalls? Show me a greater power on thewhole continent of Africa! Show me agreater power anywhere . , ."

H J Klopper

First chairman of the AfrikanerBroederbond in a celebratoryspeech on the occasion of theorganisation's 50th anniversaryin 1968.

Acknowledgements

Many people have assisted in the publication of this book. In thenature of the subject, some of them have to remain anonymous.We extend our sincere appreciation to our main informant, whotook a lonely decision to break ranks; also to other members andformer members of the organisation who were prepared to co-op-erate, as well as to non-members who shared their knowledge. Fortechnical assistance and encouragement we would like to recordour thanks to Avril Hickman, Alison Lowry, Tessa Paul, ToniTickton and Melanie Yap.

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Preface

InJanuary 1977 a letter arrived at the offices of the Sunday Times tnJohannesburg offering information about the Broederbond, thecxclusively Afrikaans, awesomely influential South African secretsociety. No telephone number or street address was given with theletter, only a Johannesburg post office box number. It aroused im-mediate scepticism.

"Probably a crank. Breaks into the Broederbond just don'tcome this way," 'was the general response. But the letter was in-vestigated as a matter of routine.

Ivor Wilkins wrote to the box number asking the informer totelephone and several days later he rang the Sunday Times and ar-ranged a meeting at the offices. At that stage security precautionsdid not figure in the calculations. Nobody really believed a breakinto the organisation was in fact beginning to materialise.

The appointed time came and went and the informer did notturn up. There was no way to contact him as he had refused toleave a telephone number, so all that remained was to wait, andhope he would call in again. But there was a nagging feeling that itwas all a hoax.

He did call dgain, about a week later, and another meeting wasarranged in the sunday Times office. He seemed completely hrppywith this arrangement, declining an offer to choose a different ren-dezvous. Again he refused to leave a telephone number.

And again he failed to keep the appointmenr.This happened a third time as well. And then there was silence.

No word was heard from him and gradually he was forgotten, justanother of the thousands of false leads that find theii way intonewspaper offices the world over. A year passed. Early in January1978, Wilkins was phoned by a securiry guard at the Sunday Timesreception desk. A man wanted to see him, could he come up tothe newsroom?

"The name given didn't mean a thing," recalls wilkins. "Butobviously he knew me, as he had asked for me by name. I told the

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reception desk to send him up." Minutes later, a small insignifi-cant-looking man sat down at the desk and said: "I'm sorry, Iknow ['m a year late for our appointment, but I've come at last."His handshake rvas soft, and damp; his quietly-spoken Englishwas competent, although laced with a heavy Afrikaans accent. Hervas agitated and glanced around the busy newsroom constantly,continuously wringing his hands.

Wilkins said he could recall no appoinrmenr with the man facinghim.

"l've come to talk about the Broederbond," came the soft reply.There was a pause as the message sank in. "l've got documents.It's genuine. I want to talk. I'm sorry I didn't come before, but I'vebeen so nervous and confused.

"I just didn't know whether I rvas doing the right thing. I knewI wanted to talk, but I didn't know whether I could trust you, orquite how to start.

"f've been reading my Bible constantly, and thinking. Now Ifeel certain I want to expose the Broederbond."

The man was clearly in an agonising state of nervousness and,despite his protestations that he had come to a firm decision aboutwhat he wanted to do, still torn by , terrible doubt.

V/ilkins recalls: "I had my doubts, but his nervousness could nothave been contrived." He hustled his mysterious visitor out of thebuilding and arranged a meeting at his home later that afternoon.Then he went to tell news editor, Hans Strydom, that a break intothe Broederbond was under way.

Instead of the enthusiasm he expected, his announcement metwith a heavy, doubtful silence. Strydom clearly disbelieved theman's story. Worse, he feared a trap.

Newspapers in South Africa were under the very real threat ofGovernment clampdowns at the time. The Prime Minister, MrJohn Vorster, had given the Press a year to put its house in order.Powerful legislation, carrying heavy penalties, had been preparedto deal with newspapers failing to heed the warnings.

The Broederbond was an extremely sensitive subject in this un-predictable situation. Little was known about the organisation,apart from its reputation for influence in high places. It was sus-pected that it was a secret arm of the Government; that the highestfigures in Afrikanerdom - including Vorster - were numberedamong its ranks. Make a mistake on the Broederbond, and a news-paper would be wide open to trouble. One of the problems with a

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story of this sort was the necessity to trust the source implicitly:there would be nobody with whom to check.

After discussing the matter at some length, it was agreed thatStrydom would accompany wilkins to tlie informer,s-house rojudge for himself whether the information was genuine or not.The two men drove up to the modest home (for Jbvious reasonsits location cannot be disclosed) and were greeted by their nervoushost. Seated in his lounge, they were at lalt shown a ,-rlipile ofdocuments, duplicated on foolscap. Strydom, who had seen Broe-derbond documents before, quickly ionfirmed that they weregenuine. sThat was more, they were the latest documents in circu-lation. The three men sat and talked. Eventually, the informer ag-reed to let them take the documents away to be photocopied, witha strict admonition to return them straight away.

He had taken-his first step in defianie of the organisation towhich he had belonged for nearly twenry years. He was commit-ting its most serious offence: betraying itr secrets. Sixty years oftradition glared down on traitors.

That weekend the sunday Times ran the first of a six-part serieson the organisation. It started with a report on a secret masterplanto ensure white survival in South Africa. In effect it was an acceler-ated version of verwoerd's Bantustan plan, with all the details andramifications painstakingly worked out.

It had been decided that from the first week of publication thatstrict security should be maintained on the ,toiy. particularlystringent precautions must be taken when meeting the informer.There had been warnings from well-disposed p.Jpl. who knewenough about the organisation to predici that once-it felt endang-ered, all possible steps would be taken to repair its breached def-ences. The two newspapermen were *rrr.d that they might befollowed, their telephones tapped. The warnings were not fantasy.After a previous expos6 of the Broederbond b! the sunday Times,,^h:

".*spaper's offices had been raided by members of SouthAfrica's security police. Broederbond do..rm.rrt, in the news-paper's possession were taken away.

The following week a rendezvous was set up outside a post of-fice in a suburban shopping centre. The informer was there andthe three men went to a seedy local hotel and sat talking. Barefloorboards, bare formica-topped tables and chairs. This .f,e".I.r,setting became a regular meeting place.

Strydom was concerned that the organisation might quickly

find out who was responsible for the leak, and confiscate all thedocuments. Tentatively, he suggested that all of them be handedover for photocopying. That w2), there would at least be a secondset availablc. It was agreed and, to the almost incredulous delightof the trvo journaiists, the informer revealed that he had docu-ments going back 15 years locked away ar home. He had violatedanother of the organisations's strict security measures, which in-sists that documents are not to be kept for longer than two yearsbeforc being destroyed.

Boxes of papers were passed over to the two reporters. Teamsof volunteers from the newspaper's reporting and administrativestaff manned a battery of photocopying machines to duplicate theinvaluable collection. The newspaper office buzzed with excite-ment. on Saturday, their busiest production day, the editor, MrTertius Myburgh, could scarcely contain himself, rushing in andout of the rooms where the collecion was being compiled, pick-ing up documents at random and reading them with fascination.

That night thc mammoth copying job was completed. v/ilkinspiled the originals into a car and drove out to return them. Hefound the informer in a renewed state of agitation.

A circular had arrived that morning from the Broederbond'sheadquarters in Auckland Park, Johanesburg, concerning the pre-viotrs week's reports in the Sunday Times. All document-holdersin thc organisation were told to call a meeting of their branchexecutives, and account immediately for the papers quoted in thereports. The 'uvitch-hunt had begun. The following morning theSunday Times was able ro show how deeply it had penerrated, byquoting from the day-old circular itself.

According to later disclosurcs, this caused deep anxiety in thcorganisation's hierarchy. The rest of the reports in that Sunday'sedition of the paper must also have hurt badly the custodians ofthe organisation'i security. They learned that this was no isolatedleak of a few documents; the newspaper possessed a comprehen-sive set of Broederbond secrets.

That weekend, armed guards patrolled the homes of the editorand the two reporters. There were no incidenrs. The followingweek, Strydom and Wilkins moved out of town and siftedthrough more of the documents. The result was a two-pagespread, taking Sunday Times readers into the very heart of the or-ganisation. The swearing-in ceremony, which had never beforebeen described, was detailed along with the induction mechanisms

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and evidence of the close links between the organisation and PrimeMinister Hendrik verwoerd and the former premier, JohnVorster.

During that week the informer had been telephoning the sundayTimes offices virtually every day: a breach of the agreed arrange-ments. Wilkins made an arrangement to meet him. The meetingagain took place in the sordid horel lounge. He was waiting whenxVilkins arrived, and apologised profusely for having telephonedthe office. Clearly very shaken, he complained that he had notbeen sleeping well. It turned out that all he wanted was reassur-ance.

He again went tortuously through his reasons for exposing theorganisation. He said he was disillusioned with the way SouthAfrica was developing. He had been deeply shocked by the So-weto riots and subsequent widespread black unrest in the countryin mid-1976. This was the first time the depth of black dissatisfac-tion with the status quo had been brought home to him. He hadconsidered breaking silence on the Broederbond at that stage, buthad decided against it.

Then came the death in Security Police detention during Sep-tember 1977 of Mr Steve Biko, the black consciousness leader.The outcry that followed had disturbed him deeply. The callousreaction of the Minister of Justice, Mr Kruger, who told theTransvaal congress of the ruling National Party that Biko's death"leaves me cold", had particularly upset him. He felt the NationalParty Government was on the wrong road.

The informer is a profoundly God-fearing man in the strict Cal-vinist mould of the Afrikaans churches. He said his conscience wasbothering him about the path South Africa had chosen and wasfollowing. But he was in a turmoil because he had sworn a solemnoath before God never to reveal to any outsider anything about theBroederbond.

Meanwhile, the Broederbond continued to try to find the crackin its jealously guarded defences. A special meeting of the supremebody, the Executive Council, was called to discuss the matter andplan counter-action. According to authoritative sources, secretservice agents were again called in.

During this period a sobering thing happened. A new system ofcomputer-controlled electronic editing was introduced to pre-pare the book. Close security was emphasised in the new system.Each operator was given a confidential code enabling him to store

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exclusive information in the system. Access to that informationwas confined to the operator alone and, in exceptional cases, tofour highly senior management members.

V/hile the data was being compiled on the Broederbond, lists ofnames (which appear at the end of this book) were painstakinglyput together from the documents in the journalists' possession. Asthese lists grerv, they were fed into the comp,rt.r rto.e under Stry-dom's code. For security reasons, the lists were split into fourgroupings under different code-names. Eventually the list ofnames was virtually complete. The reporters had by then managedto identify about 3 000 of the 12 000 members of the organisation.In the system, the names were safe. Its designers had given an as-surance that the security was to all intents foolproof.

First thing one Tuesday morning, Strydom coded himself ontoone of the computer terminals and stared in horror. All the Broe-derbond names had been wiped out. The four Broederbondgroupings were selectively removed, leaving behind innocuousitems such as telephone numbers and contact information.

The system engineers were summoned to investigate, but hadto confess they were baffled.

Then, after the series had been running in the Sunday Times forabout a month, an extraordinary message reached the two writers.It was given to one of their colleagues by a Government sourcewho said he was merely acting as a go-between for another partywhom he refused to identify. This party was willing ro payR50 000 for the series to stop, and for the name of the source. Theseries continued until the newspaper felt it had run its course.

It is in the nature of newspaper reporting that much of the detailin the documents handed over remained undisclosed. It is in an ef-fort to complete the picture that this book has been written.

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Profile of Power

sTorld attention is focused on South Africa: a vast, rich country ofextremes and diversity, the country of gold and diamonds, apart-heid and Soweto, Biko and Bothr. irrrdly a week goes by withoutSouth Africa making international headlines.

Yet despite the probing spotlight of critical world artention, acrucial elemenr of South African political reality has largely es_caped detection. This strange, ,rrriq,r. society is not ,,rl.-d, as isgenerally believed, by "whites" o. ;'Af.ikaners,,. It is not as sim_ple as that. A dominant force is an ultra-secret organisation, themost exclusive and influential underground mo,fement in theWestern world.

It is called the Afrikaner Broederbond (Brotherhood).

_ Although it has only 12 000 scrupulously selecred members, it

plots and influences the destiny of itt ZS-^rllion South Africans,black and whire. By stealth and sophisticated political intrigue,this 60-year-old organisation has *aged , ..*rrkable campaign toharness political, social and econo-i. forces in South Africa to itscause of ultimate Afrikaner domination. And, to an extent beyondthe most optimistic dreams of its founders, it has succeeded.

The South African Government today is the Broederbond andthe Broederbond is the Government. No Afrikaner governmentcan rule South Africa without the support of the Broed-erbond. NoNationalist Afrikaner can become Prime Minister unless he comesfrom the organisation's select ranks.

Mr P w Botha, the current prime Minister, is a member - asyer_e_hn four predecessors, Dr D F Malan, AdvocateJ G Strijdom,Dr H F verwoerd and Mr John vorster. Every -.--b.., Jxcepttwo, of the Botha Cabinet is a Broederbonder.

From this pinnacle of executive control over South Africa,s af-?i.ta the organisation's 12 000 members permeate every aspect ofthe Republic's life. Through irs network tf more than g00 cells inthe villages and cities of South Africa, the organisation has infil-trated members into town and city councils, school boards, agri-

cultural unions, the Siate-controlled radio and television net-works, industry and commerce, banks and building societies.

Its membership spirals insidiously upwards through the srrataof South African society, into the provincial administrations, thedepartments of education, planning, roads and works, the hospitalservices, universities, the quasi-state corporations, the civil service,the National Party caucuses, working through the administratorsof the provinces, through Parliament and the seat of government,until it finally reaches its apex in the offices of the Prime Minister.

Its all-pervading influence has made its indelible mark on SouthAfrica. The Bantustan policies, the Christian national educationpolicy, the sport policy, the coloured and Indian policy - all themajor political peculiarities which have shaped South Africa into a

constitutional oddity bear the stamp of the Broederbond on theirformulation and execution. Beneath the trappings of Parliamen-tary "democracy", and behind the remarkable success of SouthAfrica's ruling National Party, lies the extraordinary power of theBroederbond.

In 7934 when the organisation was 16 years old, the then chair-man, Professor J C van Rooy, set an ambitious goal for the Broe-derbond. Probably more than any other single statement in its his-tory, this sums up the organisation's fervent purpose. Van Rooywrote, in a secret circular to its members:

"The primary consideration is whether Afrikanerdom willreach its ultimate destiny of domination in South Africa. Brothers,the key to South Africa's problems is not whether one party oranother shall obtain the whiphand, but whether the AfrikanerBroederbond shall govern South Africa."

Since then, the organisation has been an abiding force in theshaping of modern South Africa's destiny. From the time theBroederbond scored its first major political triumph in the 1,948general election victory of the National Party, it has gone fromstrength to strength. Through periods of changing fortunes theorganisation has weathered crises and setbacks, but has tenaciouslysought its "holy grail" of ultimate control.

V/hether Van Rooy's dream of the Broederbondgouerning SouthAfrica has been achieved or not may be open to debate. But that itrs Broederbonders who govern South Africa is beyond all doubt.

The first chairman of the organisation, H J Klopper, summed itup in a celebratory speech at the 50th anniversary of the Broeder-bond in 1968, when he said: "From the time the Afrikaner Broe-

2

derbond picked up momentum, it has given the country itsgovernments. It has given the country every Nationalist primeMinister since 1948. However indirectly, its efforts gave the Re-public to our nation. It has given the country two State presi-dents.l

"Do you realise what a powerful force is gathered here to-night between these four walls? Show me a greater power on thewhole continent of Africa! Show me a greater power anywhere,even in your so-called civilised countries!

-"'w'e are part of the State, we are part of the church, we are part

of every big movement that has been born of the nation. AnJ wemake our contributions unseen; we carried them through to thepoint that our nation has reached today.,,

An extraordinary achievement. From humble but determinedbeginnings in the hills around Johannesburg in 191g when theAfrikaners were confused, dispirited, spent, ih. organisation has

Dr VerUtogrd. Leadino Bropdpr nmrl lmttL A{oi"^t" tl^)-) t.r-t:^.^ -t!-t r\..:.. t t,Leading Broeder and south Africa's third Nationalist prime Minister.

built a government that today holds a world record of unbrokenrule, and a party that, following the 1,977 general election, holdsthe biggest-ever majority in the South African Parliament (135seats in the 165-seat Assembly).

South Africa's present power structure is a tribute to the Broe-derbond's tireless efforts on behalf of Afrikanerdom. The presentPrime Minister is Broeder number 4487. His predecessor, MrVorster, was member number 3737 and Dr Hendrik Fransch Ver-woerd was member number 1596. Dr Verwoerd, whose term ofoffice saw two of the Broederbond's most cherished achievements

- the advent of Republic in 1961and the acceptance of the Bantus-tan policy - maintained a very close relationship with the organis-ation. He became a member on February 17 1937 and was electedto the Executive Council, the organisation's supreme body, inOctober 1940. He remained on the Executive Council for 10 yearsuntil 1950 when, as he said, he exchanged "the Cabinet of theAfrikaner Broederbond for the Cabinet of the nation." During histerm as an Executive member he attended 51 meetings and wasabsent,with apologies, on only two occasions.

Shortly after his election as Prime Minister in 1958 he attended a

national meeting of the Broederbond where he told his fellowmembers: "Friends, there is nothing that gives me greater pleasurethan to be with you. When the invitation arrived I knew therewould be people who would have doubts about my coming,doubts reflecting caution. But I never had one moment of doubtand the reason is simple.

"I do not see that the opponents of our national organisation,the opponents of our Afrikaner ideal, may dictate the movementsof the Prime Minister of the country.

"I saw it not only as my privilege, but also as my duty to drawcloser by -y presence the ties that always existed unobtrusivelybetween our Afrikaner organisation and our Afrikaner Govern-ment. And that is why I am here: to draw the Broeder bondstighter."

A former chairman of the Broederbond, Dr P J (Piet) Meyer, re-ferred to this close relationship in his address at the 50th anniver-sary meeting of the organisation in 1968. He told the meeting thatDr Verwoerd had consulted the Broederbond in July 1959 aboutthe Republic referendum - six months before he told Parliamenthe was going to the country to test national support for theAfrikaners' republican dream."He asked the Afrikaner Broeder-

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1""1 to accepr c_o-responsibility for rhe new Republic, a rask rhatthe AB accepted with great eagerness and the provirio, or lrrg.amounts of money. "- Dr Meyer added that he had seen Dr verwoerd a week beforehe was stabbed to death in parriament by an insane messenger,Dimitri Tsafendas in Seprember 1966. According to Dr Meyer:"He gave me, as chairman of the Executive co.rnJ, permission tostart. planning for a n_ew Republican flag and a .hrrrj. in the StatePresident system to bring ii more in line with ttre Lta Transvaaland Free State presidencies - obviously with th. ,r...rrrry .arp_tation to comply with the present circumstances. . .we will giveattention to the State presidency when the time is right.', siglifi_cantly, the new constitutional proposals for Soutf, Africa an_nounced in 1976 include a rtr.rrgthened State presidency withexecutive powers.

After Dr Verwoerd's assassination, and after the flurry of activ_ity over his succession by Mr Vorster, the ties between the Broe-derbond and the Prime Minister's office were quickly renewed.on August 2 1967 the Broederbond chairman, o. i\4.y.., re-ported that "during the recent parliamentary sitting, the chairmanof the Executive council personally conv.i.d o,rf o.grnisation,sheartfelt thanks and appreciation to our friend (the or[anisarion,sterm for member), the prime Minister, for everythilg that theGovernment has done to the advantage and in the interests of ourcountry and all its peoples" (BroederLond circular enritled (Js andOur Political Leaders).

He noted that the "doors of the prime Minister and of our otherpolitical leaders" were always open to the Executive council.

The relationship was rocked soon after, however, by the bitterstruggle in the National party between pro-vorster faction andthe extreme right-wing group under tr,. ptirrister of posts andTelegraphs, Dr Albert Hertzog. The debilitating srruggle, whichended in a split in the party, se.iously dented the ne* FII-. Min_ister's position and also caused , -rjo. crisis in the Broederbondwhere the divisions sapping the parry were mirrored.

In the early stages of the ..rroit, the Broederbond chiefs calledon vorster to discuss the problem. The meeting is reported in aBroederbond documenr, number g/67/6g of NL,r.-b er 2 1967.Dr Meyer reports:

"The Executive council delegation held an open-hearted dis_cussion with our friend (Mr Voister) about:

(r) The contribution of our organisation to the desired and essen-tiai unity of our nation, among our own members and in allspheres;

(b) The rolc in this connection of all communications media, par-ticularlv the Press - inciuding our own;

(.) The areas of activity, tasks and problems of our Afrikaans cul-tural organisations;

(d) The r-rndermining philosophies that are threatening the spiritand soul of our nation - namely humanism, communism andliberalism - and measures to combat them;

(.) The dangers of increasing economic integration under theleadership of businessmen who do not subscribe to the policyof separate development, and the complementary problem ofthe Afrikaner continuing in the subordinate economic role;

(0 The application of our national education policy which has

now been ratified by tregislation.

"Our honourable Prime Ministcr thoroughly informed the del-egation about his and his Government's standpoints in connectionwith all these matters, and informed us confidentially on the im-mediate and urgent problems to be tackled by the Government."

Dcspitc the cncouraging and placatory tone of this report, allwas not well for a long time and the lingering divisions inAfrikancrdom continued to strain the Broederbond-Cabinet re-lationship considerably. It was clear that Dr Meyer himself was intwo minds about which side to back, and it was only Vorster'sbulldozing personality and his highly efficient information net-work that enabled him to scrape through.

The 1968 Broedcrbond annual report mentions the divisionsamong Afrikancrs, Vorster's controversial sports policy, unity be-twcen Afrikaans and English-speaking South Africans, and thecontentious issue of black d'iplomats in thc Republic - all issues

causing bitter dissent in the National Party at the time. The vitalimportance to the Premiership of the Broederbond's support is il-lustrated by a remarkable speech Vorster made to the organisationthat year in which he explained each point at issue. Clearly he feltcompelled to account for the more flexible line he was adopting incontrast with the rigid, preordained style of his predecessor. Hewas fighting desperately to keep the Broederbond on his side, forhe was well aware that failure to do so would seriously jeopardisehis position.

6

During the speech he made a major concession to the organis-ation, strengthening its positio, .rr.r, further, when h. g.,r! per-mission for cabinet Ministers to serve on the Bro.Je.bond,sExecutive Council.

rn 7969, the year Dr Hertzog and his dissidents broke from theNational Party to form the Herstigte Nasionale party (HNp), anExecutive council delegation agair, *.rrt to see vorster - this timeat the Prime Minister's official residence, Libertas, in pretoria.

"Broeder vorster said he appreciated and welcomed the Execu-tive's co-operation, " after r...irri.rg the seldom-awarded Broeder-bond badge "as a token of our ,rirymg brotherhood,', reportedDy Meyer in rhe secret circula. to *.-bers of october i ifieg.obviously relieved by this sign that the Broederbond would backhim, vorster described the meeting as a "lovely day,,, Meyer re-ports.

By 1972, after about 200 extreme rightwingers had been ex-pelled from the Broederbond's ranks fo. refu"sing to dissociatethemselves from the HNp, vorster could breathe e"asily again. Hehad carried the day and the Broederbond-Cabinet relationlhip waswell and truly healed.- The organisation's annual report of the yearnotes: "The relationship between the Executiv. iourr.il and ourBroeders in responsible circles (the organisation's term for theGovernment) has never been better.,,

From the Prime Minister's office the Broederbond's representa-tion can be traced down the line of executive control, threading itsway through every cabinet Minister's office with only two excep-tions' These exceptions are the Minister of Finance, Senator owenHorwood, and the Minister of Indian Affairs and of Tourism, MrMarais Steyn. Their respective disqualifications are that SenatorHorwood's English-speaking background precludes him frommembership of the rigorously Afrikane, o.grnisation, while MrSteyn is a second-choice Nationalist. He ..ors.d the floor from theopposition benches where, for years, he had the reputation ofbeing the only opposition member who could harass the formi-dable Vorsrer in debate.

when Vorstcr reshuffled his cabinet early in 197g the brotherlyt_radition of power was maintained. The only newcomer to thecabinet itself was Mr F u/ de Klerk who became Minister of postsand Telegraphs and of Social welfare and pensions. He too is amember of the Broederbond, having been invited to join in 1964at the unusually young age of 27 (suiday Times,January 29 1g7g).

Present chairman of the Afrikaner Broederbond, Prof Gerrit viljoen.

Thus whenever the South African Cabinet meets, it is a tributeto Van Rooy's ideal expressed more than 40 years ago - that theBroederbond should govern South Africa.

The Executive council of the Broederbond are all leadingAfrikaners in their own right. The chairman is Professor GerritViljoen, Rector of Rand Afrikaans LJniversity inJohannesburg. Ahighly talented and articulate man, he was described as "brilliant"by the former American Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, dur-ing a visit to South Africa in 1976.

The vice-chairman is a highly significant and powerfulfigurehead in Afrikanerdom, their spiritual leader, the ReverendD P M Beukes, moderator of the Nederduitse GereformeerdeKerk, the largest of the three main Afrikaans churches.

The other Executive members are Dr F C Fensham, professorof Semitic Languages at the (Jniversiry of Stellenbosch; MrJ M de'w'et, former commissioner General of South West Africa; Dr V/J(lvimpie) d. Klerk, managing editor of the National party'sTransvaal mouthprece, Die Transualer, a 60000-circulation daily

8

morning newspaper; Mr Gabriel Krog, director of Indian Educa-tion; Professo. EJ Marais, Re*or of tf,. LJniversity of port Eriza_beth; Mr S A S Hayward, Nationarist Mp for GraafGReinet; pro-fessor H J Samuels, retired chairman of the south African Arma_ments Board; Dr c w H Boshofd, head of the South African Bu_reau of Racial Affairs (a Broederbond front organisation); MrEben Cuyler, a former Nationalist senator; Mr D p a. Villiers,F,.d of the gianr oil-from-coal .o.po.rriorr, Sasol; professor BKok, chancellor of the t]niv_ersiry oi the orange Free State; pro-fessor w A van Niekerk of the D!pa.;."; of 6bstetrics and Gy-naecology at the [Jniversity of Steilenbosch; and Mr S W van derMerwe.

It is the fusion of these two bodies, the cabinet and the Broeder_bond Executive council, and the fo.ce, ,rr.y individuaily and col-lectively represent, that gives the National party its presenr pos_ition of extraordinary p*.. in South Africa.From this rarified summit of political influence the Broeder_bond's authority is disseminrr.d ,rr.""gi the other ranks ofsociety. The President of the Senate, the" upper house in SouthAfrica's present westminster-type constitutional arrangement(under the new constiturional proporrl, th. s..rate will dislppear)is a Broederbonder, Mr Marais vifoer. The National party,s par_

liamentary caucus of 135 is dominated by Broederbo.rd ,r.-bers,among them, of course, Mr Hayward ofihe organisation,s Execu_tive council. There are 1g6 full-time politi.irrrs on the Broeder-bond's membership lists, according to one of their secret docu_ments, Professions and Ages Breakdoin, compiled in 1 977. These in_clude Administrarors of south afri.r,, flo,oir..r, Mr Sybrandvan Niekerk, the controversial right*irg Administrator of theTransvaal (member numb er 2296),Ih. aairirirtraror of Natal, theamiable Mr Ben Havemann (Broeder number 4405); Mr A c vanwyk, the orange Free State's Administrator (member number3108). There is every likelihood that Dr L A p A Munnik, thecape Administraror, is a member, alth""d this has not been es_tablished beyond all doubt.Most of the members of the provincial Executive committeesin the Transvaal, cape and Free State are Broeders. In Natal theruling political partyln the provincial council is the New n"pru_lic Party, ,l opposition part), so there is no Broederbond rep_resentation in that Executive Committee.It is not only the policy-makers, bur also the policy-executors

that are to be found in the Broederbond's ranks. Examples fromthe former Prime Minister's Department were his private secre-tary, Mr Johan weilbach, the liaison man, Mr Neville Krige, andthe secretary to the department, Mr Wessel Meyer. It is significantthat Mr Krige, lvho was recruited to the Prime Minister's Depart-ment from the South African Broadcasting Corporation, wasbrought into the Broederbond at the recommendation of theExecutive Council itself soon after his appointment had been an-nounced. The clear implication is that one of the qualifications forthe job was membership of the organisation.

Many of Vorster's top advisers were also members of the Broe-derbond. His economic adviser, Dr P J Rieckert, is a member. HisSecurity Council was made up almost entirely of Broederbonders.It included the Minister of Defence, Mr P w Botha, the Minister ofJustice and Police, MrJ T Kruger, the Minister of Foreign Affairs,Mr R F (Pik) Botha, and the former head of the secret service,General Hcndrik van den Bergh.

other notable members include the Secretary for Coloured, Re-hoboth and Nama Relations, Mr J H T Mills; the Secretary forSport and Recreation, Mr B K de v/ Hoek; and the Secretary forPlural Relations, the department which controls every facet of lifefor South Africa's 18-million blacks, is also a Broeder. So is MrP T C du Plessis, Nationalist MP for Lydenburg and Chairman ofthe Plural (formerly Bantu) Affairs Commission, an importantpost in terms of South Africa's Bantustan policy.

Among the Bantu Administration Boards under Broederbondcontrol the most important are: the V/est Rand AdministrationBoard which controls the brooding giant black city of Soweto justoutside Johannesburg, the East Rand Administration Board underMr S van der Merwe, the Vaal Triangle Board under Mr C HKnoetze and the Cape Peninsula Board under Brigadier J H vander westhuizen. The chairman of WRAB, Mr Manie Mulder(brother of the Minister of Plural Relations, Dr Connie Mulder) isa prominent Broeder. These administration boards play a vital rolein the execution of South Africa's apartheid policy. Through abaf-fling system of permits they control every aspect of black urbandwellers' lives.

There are 518 civil servants in the Broederbond, the most no-table being the chairman of the enormous service, Dr P S Rauten-back (number 6142), the Secretary, D. W I Steyn and one of thecommissioners, Mr W G Schickerling, who has since been ap-

10

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pointed Auditor-General. There are 6l Broeders in the provincialadministrations. A significant proportion of these are in the educa_tion departmenrs of the four piorrirr..s where they exert f..ti.rl".influence on the 2424 Broeder teachers who in turn ,,spread

thegospel" in the classrooms. The teacher corps of the Broederbondis held in high esteem because of its unique pot..rtirl for mouldingthe minds and attitudes of future white g.r,..rtio.,r.

In modern south Africa, fast becomirrione of the world,s mostisolated pariah stares, the military plays i, irr....singly imporranrrole. Its sphere of activity and irrhr.r.. has spread in recenr yearsto include a regular place in the inner sanctdms of power, whereyajor political decisions are taken. The Minister oi D.f.rrce, MrP w Botha, is a Broeder. The Head of the Defence Force, GeneralMagnus Malan, is also in the organisation,s ranks along

'with 143Defence Force personnel, most of th.- senior officers.

General Hendrik van den Bergh, whose membership number is6745, is an important membel of the secret organisation. Heshared internmen-t during world 'war Two with VJ.st.., forminga lifel-ong friend.ship.- In his position at the head of Security Serv_ices, from which he has recently retired, he played a vital role inSouth African politics. Throughout his .*.., he had been a closelieutenant and confi dant ofVorster, particularly d,.r.irrgth. d.t.rt.years in the early and middle r gToswhen he made numerous secretdiplomatic sorties into Africa. Information about the other linksbetween Boss (DONS) and the Broederbond may not be dis-closed here because of new legislation in South Africa preventingthe publication of any detailslbout personalities and activities ofthe secret service. In South Africa, ih.r. the econ.;t i.r.r.rr_ingly takes on the look of a socialist state, there are a large numberof semi-State corporations, all of which have powerful Broeder-bond representation in their top echelons. In terms of politicar in-fluence the most important ofih.re is the Srare-controlled SouthAfrican Broadcasting corporation (SABC) which holds a jeal_ously-guarded monopoly of radio and television.

Its chief executive, Dr piet Meyer, was chairman of the Broe_derbond from1960 to 1972. Fo. tir. major part of this period hewas simultaneously chairman of the SAIic. i{. is no lorg.. on theBroederbond Executive but remains an important and highly in_fluential member of the organisation. His membership ,.irb.. i,787 . At least three ..remb.., of his sABc board, Mr w A Maree,Professor s J Terreblanche and professor H o Monnig are Broe_

11

derbonders. Dr Meyer also serves as chairman of the SABC'sBantu Programme Control Board (the SABC, like South Africa,is divided on ethnic lines with different services for the variouslanguage and colour groups). This control board includes at least

one other Broeder, Professor E F Potgieter. Television and radioprogrammes are the responsibility of Dr J H T Schutte, recentlypromoted to Director General (Programmes) of the corporation.He belongs to the Broederbond's Oom Paul branch in Jo-hannesburg.

Other top executives of the corporation, who influence theviewing and listening of all racial groups, include the followingBroeders:o Mr Jan Swanepoel, director-general of the corporation;o Mr Steve de Villiers, director of English and Afrikaans radio;o Mr T van Heerden, who was recently appointed director of

Bantu and External Services. Mr van Heerden's new positionindicates that listeners to the SABC's African language services,future black TV viewers, and people who tune in to the world-wide Radio RSA service, are likely to have only what the Broe-derbond wants them to see and hear;

o Mr B J Steyn, recently appointed head of the SABC in theOrange Free State. Before that, he was head of Radio Bantu'sNguni language service;

o Mr L S Seegars, now director of Schools Radio Service. He wasformerly head of SABC's South Sotho service.

Other areas of the SABC's administration also have their share ofBroederbond representation. Deputy Director General (Adminis-tration) Mr Gert Yssel is a member, as is the head of Stores and

Supplies, Mr E van H E Mischke. The viewers' watchdog, theTelevision Programme Advisory Board, includes at least oneBroeder, Mr P R T Nel. Mr Nel, a former Director of Educationin Natal, is also a former member of the Broederbond's ExecutiveCouncil.

The importance of the SABC to the Broederbond-NationalParty alliance and the extent to which it is manipulated for partypolitical ends is indicated in two secret Broederbond documents.

The first, Masterplan for a White Country: the Strategy, explainsthe importance of having Broeders in control of the so-calledBantu Services. The masterplan calls for the use of organisations,including the SABC and its Bantu Services and the planned blackTV service, to "compel" compliance with the plan whose main

12

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purpose is to see that overwherming numbers of the brack popura-tion live and work in their own horlerands, or Bantustans, as soonas possible. The second is a secret circurar to members, number5/70/Tr dated August 3 1970,which d.;r, with the introduction oftelevision in Soutf, Af.i.., a hot p"iiri.J^irr.r. for many years. Thedocument shows that whil: D.. Meyer *r, ,i-rrtaneously head ofthe SABG and of the B.o.d..bord, i. rr.ra.d the commission ofInquiry into television in South A{i.;.-More imporranr, he in_forrned the Broed.rbonJ on his n"ai"g, irlorrpassing them on tothe Government and parliament.After the lunday Times published information about thesABc's Broed..borrd connection there were two fascinating re_actions. The first was officiar, in trr. ro.r, of a letter;i;;_praintto rhe newspaper from the SAB. p"bii; rerations departmenr,sMr Andre waliers. Among-other rrrilg, rr" wrore: ,,The SABc, inthe selection of the natuie and conr-.rrr, of its programmes, isunder the conrrol of its board as determir"a by th. f;;;.rstingAct and we chalrenge you ,o p.o,u. that its f.og.r-mes are subject

ff.J::::il t"n,ence o, ":,^:3i1, -.",1"*, ,uu,o.*i,,J o, .ol_

r h e n1'il :'l!1 ; T,1 ; iJiI iiiiJ lix' fl :.,::',:,li] ^

.,, 0,,n.,, -ture of the Broederbond's position of po*.. in the South Africancabinet, is a Broederbond-san.tiored piece of legislation.H,..t,tlol,lriro.oed

erb on d's un deniabte infl uen ce i,,i.iAB c,sma*er .r,rbl:H;ffffi:,T:;:.0""'ive or collusive

"',-oltv b. .The secori ..r.til"-3r.* in the form of telephone calrs andconversations with other sABg .*a;;., *ho were disap-pointed that more names of memb.., i., ,h" .o.poration were notexposed' The authors were told. that .-;;;"-ore people, particu_Iarly' in top positions in the .adio and tel.'vision news services ofthe corporation, were Broederborrd..r.

-aiiog.rrrer there are, at

f [,rjj"'nt, 49 Broeder,";;;., invorved i, t.oracasting in South

The Sourh African Railways, the- largest singre employer inSouth Africa, is also ,rra", ttre contror of i'Broederbonder generalmanager. J G H Loubser. The SAR's Financiar Manager, Dr E L3:;J;.::

atso a member. There ^r"

iit'."r,."ry, *a airwaysDr Ampie Roux, chairman of South Africa,s Atomic EnergyBoard. is an important Broede.. wirh-."rrirr, specuration that

13

South Africa is technically capable of developing nuclear capabil-ity, Dr Roux's position takes on added significance. In any event,

his position is a major one in South African affairs. Iscor, the semi-State Iron and Stcel Corporation, also has tremendous strategic

importalrce for South Africa. Six of its board members are Broed-crs. Thev are the chairman, Mr Tommy Muller, MrJ P Coetzee,Mr P K Hoogendyk, Dr M D Marais, Professor HJ Samuels and

M. J J Vermooten. The top position in the Electricity SupplyCommission (Escom) is also held by , Broeder, Dr R L Stras-

zacker. Mr T W deJongh, Governor of the South African Reserve

Bank, is also a member.As we have mentioned, another leading member of the Broe-

derbond is Mr D P de Villiers, managing director of Sasol, the

corporation that produces oil from coal - an organisation of enor-lrlous importance to South Africa facing constant threats of oilboycotts.

Afrikanerdom's large business undertakings are also generallyunder Broederbond patronage. The big Afrikaner financial com-bine of Sanlam is headed by Broeder Dr A D Wassenaar. The for-mer managing director, Mr Pepler Scholz who retired recently, is

a Broeder and so is his successor, Dr Fred du Plessis. Dr P E Rous-seau, chairman of another Afrikaans finance house, Federale

Volksbeleggings, is also a Broeder.Afrikanerdom's Press barons are also members of the organis-

ation. They are Mr Marius Jooste, the head of the huge Perskor

group which, apart from its newspapers, handles a large slice ofit . Sorth Africin Government's printing contracts and Mr D P de

Villiers, the head of the Nasionale Pers group.The Broederbond has an abiding passion for control of educa-

tion because of the obvious advantages this holds for any organis-ation wishing to influence the lives and minds of young People.Consequently its representation in the top echelons of all the

Afrikaans universities in South Africa is extremely strong. The listincludes the following:o Rand Afrikaans LJniversity - former chancellor, the late Dr

Nico Diederichs (former State President of South Africa); rectorand vice-chancellor, Professor Gerrit Viljoen (number 61.97 andpresent chairman of the Broederbond); chairman of the council,Dr Piet Meyer (a former'Broederbond chairman); vice-chair-man of council, Dr R L Straszacker; former vice-principal forbusiness administration, Mr R S de la Bat.

14

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?;:'#;f,/,,f;:;';,:;!:;{f ' rhom at Mr vorster's instattation as chancenor or

o LJniversiry of Stellenbosch - chancellor, Mr John vorster (theformer Prime Minister); vice-chancellor and chairman of coun-cil, the Reverend J s Gericke (number lggg and a top executivein the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk); rector, professor J Nde Villiers.

o LJniversiry of pretoria - chancellor, Dr Hilgaard Muller (formerMinister of Foreign Affairs); principar, irof.rror E M Ham-man; vice-principal, professor A N pelzer (number 33g1);chairman of couniil, Dr S M Naude (num ber 233).o University of potchefstroom - chancellor, Mr Jan de Klerk(number 2490 and former president of the Senate); principal,Professor 3-aart van der V/alt.o LJniversiry of port Elizabeth - chancellor, Dr Anton Rupert;chairman of council, Dr A D wassenaar; principal, professor

E J Marais (number 4955 and a member of the BroederbondExecutive Council).o ]jniversity of the orange Free State - chancellor, professor BKok (a Broederbond Executive councillor); principar, profes_

sor W L Mouton; chairman of council, Dr S j N.ra.. '

15

The surviving white rectors of "non-white" universities are

members, as were those who have been replaced by blacks. Theyinclude:o The rector of the University of Durban-'Westville (for Indians),

Professor S P Olivier (number 6991) -

o The rector of the LJniversity of Fort Hare (for blacks), Professor

J M de Wet.. -P.ofessor

J A Mare (number 5340), the former rector of the

LJniversity of Zululand.o Professor J L Boshoff, former rector of the Llniversity of the

North.o The former rector of the I-Jniversity of the Western Cape, Pro-

fessor C J Kriel.These are some of the elite, the enormously influential brokers ofpower in South Africa. It is through the patronage of men likeih.r. that, after 1963 and 1964, the two most traumatic years of the

organisation's existence, the chairman, Dr Piet Meyer, was able to,.port, "The Afrikaner Broederbond continues to show it is still

the organisation that exercises the greatest influence among

Afrikaners." He went on to spur the organisation to greater effbrts

to make a positive contribution to the "security of the Republic ofSouth Africa as a white man's country."2

Dr Meyer's proud assertion of the organisation's influence is re-

vealing. In the secrecy of internal communication with fellowmembers he placed a value on the organisation's importance

which is invariably denied in public. Its response to accusations

that it exerts influence at all is invariably one of injured innocence.

When the allegation is made that it exerts political influence, its re-

buttals become even more shrill. But a detailed examination of the

organisation's history and record in the public affairs of South

Africa will soon reveal that this is very much a matter of "met-hinks she doth protest too much".

The organisation itself provides ample evidence within its secret

docum.nis that it has been closely involved in every major politi-cal development in South Africa. These secret documents also

clearly show that its links with the National Party are intimate

and inseparable. At the Bondsraad meeting held on April 6 t97z

the members heard a paper on Ons Taak op Staatkundige Terrein

(Our Task in the Constitutional Field). The document begins withthe peculiar form of "double-speak" the organisation has evolved'

This is a cynical ploy whereby the organisation, with pious innoc-

16

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ence, always declares that it is above party politics and may not in_volve itself in political or clerical -.tt..r.^It is, however, nothing more than a safety valve to be used inemergency. If the organisation comes under suspicion, and is:"d:.. such pressure that it must submit to investigatio.r, it canhastily produce.documentary evidence that it has declred polirics,among other things, "out of bounds". But its own documentationexposes the transparency of its claims. ,,That our organisationstands outside party politics does not, however, mean th-at our or-ganisation . .. has no task and duty in connection with organisedendeavour on the other areas of life. our members are, and"indeedshould be, simultaneously active members of their own Afrikaanschurches and of their own national-political party and must con-tinue to receive leadership from our organisation - that arso goesfor our church and party in regard to ori.rlt,rral field. It is so, andshould always remain so, thaicultural leaders are at the same timechurch and political leaders; that political leaders are simultane-ously cultural and church leaders; and that church leaders are like-wise cultural and political leaders. Although our organisationstands outside organised party politics, there is nothing t preventit from co-operating with any-political party, even a-ruling non-national political party, for the promttion of our Afrikaans_cultural ideals. That especially implies that our organisation willcontinue to remain in the closest contact with the leaders of ouro*l national-political organisation and will co-operate intimatelywith them thereby ensuring that the Afrikaner,s culturalstruggle is also politically assuied. while a narion's form ofgovernment is also an inherent part of its culture, it is obvious thata cultural organisation will directly involve itself therewith.

"Therefore, it was from the beginning an important objective ofour organisation ro strive for a peculiar Republican form ofgovernment in our country. we are giving constant attention to agreater historical-Afrikaans content to o,.r. fo.- of government.gour organisation has, from its formation onwards, n.a to do withthe constitutional-political terrain. It was set as the general duty ofottr organisation on the political front that our mimbers shouldcontinue to strive to combat Afrikaner division in this area, and toachieve- and promote the greatest possible national-political unity."In the years of fusion, when there was seriom politi.al divisionamong Afrikaner nationalists, we began to recruiileading nationalpoliticians as members of our organiiation, namely Dr Dt Malan,

17

J G Strijdom, Dr NJ van der Merwe, C R Swart, H F Verwoerdand others. In these years our organisation Propagated clearly and

powerfully the Republican ideal as the most important mediumfor Afrikaner unity on the constitutional domain."

The document then deals with attacks on it by Generals Hertzogand Smuts until "in 1948, with the change of government by the

National Party, under the leadership of Dr D F MalarT, a staunchco-operation came into being between the Afrikaner Broederbondand the Broeder-leaders of the party. This co-operation already

existed during the war years (1939-1945) with the supPort that ourorganisation gave to the attempts to overcome the serious div-isions of nationalist Afrikaners.

"The big reunifying gathering at Monument Koppie (at the cli-max of the 1938 Oxwagon Trek) was organised by our organis-ation. Our organisation also initiated the Unity Committee (Een-

heidskomitee). In addition the Executive Council formed a PolicyCommittee, which drew up a Republican constitution for ourcountry. Our political leaders were also represented in this.

"During the Prime Ministership of Advocate J G Strijdom, weco-operated with the National Party to develop South Africa as

quickly as possible towards a Republic. At a special annual meet-ing, where Advocate Strijdom took Part, the basis and form of the

coming Republic was thoroughly thrashed out. It was, however,Dr H F Verwoerd, who was for a long time a member of ourExecutive Council, who called in the active co-operation of ourorganisation when he, as Prime Minister, decided to call a referen-dum for or against our becoming a Republic. We not only used

our funds to elicit public support for the Republic, but also used

the powers of our own members, and of outside suPporters, tothis end.

"As a result of hostile reaction engendered against our organis-ation, particularly by Freemasons within the ranks of the NationalParty, we co-operated with Dr Verwoerd in allowing the estab-

lishment of a judicial investigation into the activities of secret or-ganisations. In the report of the judge concerned, our organisationwas acquitted of any form of illegitimate behaviour and activity,particularly in connection with interference in party political mat-ters (not strictly true: the commission did not investigate this as-

pect, see Chapter 17)."Our staunch and intimate co-operation with our national pol-

itical leaders was continued when Advocate John Vorster became

18

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our new Premier. we did everything in our power to prevent asmall group of nationalists from formlng theirt*, parriin oppo-sition to the National Parry, which is under the leadership'ofmembers of our organisation. And where some of our own DewS-papers tried to wage their own campaign in this matter, we triedto keep the split as confined as po.ribl..

."our organisation has, as in the case of our former national pre-mielsa closely liaised with Advocate Vorsrer on all marters of gi.rtsignificance for the Afrikaner and which directly touch our narionas a language and cultural community. Not only his door, butthose of all the members of his cabirr.i, .orrtinuously stood wideopen to use in this regard. Requests for support for specific mat-ters have never fallen on deaf ears.

"In all the mentioned Nationalist prime Ministerships, our or-ganisation experienced the closest co-operation ard ,y-patheticsupport for matters affecting the future of our nation. w-. ,r-.o|y the important ones: The Afrikaner's responsibility, role andplace in the civil service, or semi-civil service: with the help of ourown political leaders, success was achieved in opening the way tothe top of these services for culture-conscious Afrikaners.There were no longer any obstacles for qualified and hard-work-ing Afrikaners to reach the highest posts in all the State and quasi-State services. With the sympathetii understanding of our poiiticalleaders, the good Afrikaans businessman could tackle tire roadahead with greater confidence as a result of our organisation,sstruggle for complete equal rights. The result of this ivas greaterparticipation by the Afrikaner in the private business life

-of our

country, although his disadvantage continues to give concerntoday.

"Perhaps the most important fruit of mutual consultation andco-operation is our progress in the educational field in the interestof the children of our narion. Afrikaans mother-language schools,rvhich, under our Nationalist government, came into th.i. own,indeed form the basis . . . of our survival as a separate language-cultural national community. In addition, -.rt,rrl .o-opJ.ationalso led to the development of a complete national education sys-rem for our coun try - surely one of the greatest national-politicalachievements of our time.

-"Our organisation also placed its resources fully at the disposalof our political leaders for the consistent execution of o,.r. poli.y ofseparate development. It is not possible, w.ithin the framework of

1-e

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19

this short exposition, to fully reflect our contribution in this con-nection. This concerns not only theoretical contributions, butpractical actions which are not even yet fully calculable. I mentiononly two in this connection, namely the contributions of SABRAand of Radio Bantu, in which our members play a large role.

"In the most recent period, concerning our multi-nationalsports.policy, we have made a special contribution in organisingthis important matter in the interests of our country and all itsnational groups, and that on the basis of our policy of separate de-velopment.

"A matter which also continues to demand the closest co-oper-ation of our organisation and our national-political action, is theneed for continued immigrant contributions to the full de-velopment of our national economy. Without a powerful expan-sion of our national economy, our independent survival, as well as

the execution of our policy of separate development, will comeinto serious jeopardy.

"On the other hand, we must be extremely careful that our ownnational composition, nature and character, as well as our own re-ligious attitude, are not permanently damaged by immigration.Our organisation acts strongly and purposefully in this regard. Wealso continue to enjoy the support of our political friends in thisconnection. The naturalisation of immigrants into our own com-munity is, for our organisation, of the highest priority.

"Dozens of other national-political matters in which we keepourselves busy, are invariably summed up in our annual reports.

"Our current task in the constitutional field flows particularlyfrom the fact that many Afrikaner nationalists recently have beguneither to lose their enthusiasm for our language-cultural andnational-political action, or are becoming so ensnared in petty per-sonal grudges, that they are losing sight of the greater Afrikanercause. According to a very reliable calculation,70000 Afrikanernationalists in the Transvaal did not vote for Nationalist candi-dates in 1970. Of them, 33000 voted for the Herstigte NasionaleParty, 15000 for the United Party, while 22000 abstained. Thatapart, about 7 to 10 per cent of urban Afrikaners and between 15

and 20 per cent of rural Afrikaners in the Transvaal continue tovote for the United Party.

"It is not the task of our organisation and besides we are not in a

position, to analyse this situation correctly and thoroughly - whatis our task is to stimulate the enthusiasm of culture-conscious

20

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Afrikaners for our national-political action in the interest of ournation's own and separate survival, and to help overcome politicaldivision in our own ranks. It is self evident that any .ff..iirr. .o-operation we can give in this regard, can and -.rrt be with theleaders of the ruling National pariy. Not only are rhe members ofthe current Cabinet, with one or two exceptions, members of ourorganisation, but they are also the purveyors of our close mutualco-operation on the national-political fronr since 1949.

"As far as the Herstigte Nasionale party is concerned, theExecutive council made it clear from the foundation of this part|,which took place under leadership of certain of our memberi, thrtour organisation denies no member the right to have his ownopinion on party political mamers, or to join a political party of hisown choice, as long as he does not, as a .esult, come irrto conflictwith our Bond's basis, spirir, policy and objectives. And, wherethe Executive council took disciplinary action against a member,it did so not on the grounds of hir membershfu of a particularparty or group, but because of his own individual actions, if theywere in conflict with his personal undertakings of our organis-ation.

"Our most recent task in the constitutional field was, therefore,also to try to prevent the establishment of a second national-politi-cal party. we did not succeed. Thereafter, we did everything inour power to contain this division as much as possible. It was par_ticularly our job to prevent this division frombeing brought intoour own organisation. Here we succeeded to a great extent.

"Against the background of the outlined current situation, it isclear that we as Afrikaners, especially as members of our organis-ation, must fill our own people again with enthusiasm for oir, .r-ceptionally important national-political action, and ... in this waydemonstrate our own maximum political unity to the internal andexternal underminers and enemies of our country. We must notonly now tackle the next election in a positive manner, but mustcarry it through under the banner of our unified Afrikanership, tothe biggest-ever Nationalist victory.

"To do this in the closest co-operation with our politicalleaders, our organisation's specific trik -,rst include the follow-1ng:

(r) we must systematically inculcate into every member, everyAfrikaner and especially our young Afrikaners, the national-political responsibility and duty to achieve a massive victorv

21

in the next election on the basis of united Afrikaner resources.

(b) We must now inspire the national Afrikaner to give himself a

positive national role, and to desist from the hairsplittingsearch for reasons for the birth of the Present situation. Ourpolitical leaders know better than us what possible shortcom-ings on an organised national-political level must be rectified.

(.) As a cultural organisation, it is our particular task to start nowto plan and organise unifying and inspiring cultural functionson a large scale throughout the country, functions like the Ox-wagon Trek, the Monument meetings, the language festivals

and others from the past. In 1,974, it will be 50 years since ourfirst National government, with its policy of South AfricaFirst, came to powe r - a rule which has been of the greatest

significance to Afrikanerdom, not only politically and econ-

omically, but also culturally. This could, for example, providegood reason for large {olk (uolk) festivals before the next elec-

tion.(d) We must fight with all our might and completely eradicate all

old-womanish slander about each other and underhand criti-cism of our leaders. To speak frankly to each other means tounderstand each other and to pool our strengths.

(.) We must marshall positively all our communication media tounite and not divide the Afrikaner's national-political powerfor the struggle for survival. In this our leaders must take the

initiative ..."The most vehement opponent of the Broederbond, seeking toprove its interference in, and influence on, political affairs in South

Africa, including party political matters, could hardly have drawnup a more comprehensive indictment than the one which the or-ganisation itself provides in this document. Another such indict-ment is contained in the Broederbond document Ons Taak Voren'

toe (Our Task Ahead) which contains the following passage:a

"The most important and effective manner of ensuring our whitefuture is to support with all our resources the current government,under the leadership of Dr H F Verwoerd, and to help keep it inpower for as long as possible, in so doing not only to repel the left-ist onslaught on our future, but also to successfully catry our the

Transkei undertaking, with which our future is narrowly bound."The organisation, continues the document, should help establish

the public climate for effective government action in the so-called

"Cold 'W'ar", particularly where this involved unorthodox

22

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methods. It should also support the government in its attempts tostrengthen the police and defence forces. There are countless othetdocumented examples of this kind of political involvemenr by theBroederbond. Many of them will be fully exposed in this book asit related the organisation's inexorable advance on behalf ofAfrikanerdom and all its interests.

This ardent purpose presents the organisation with an enor-mous task, affecting virtually every aspect of South Africa'snational life. It is a function the organisation undertakes withgrave determination and collective dedication on an impressivescale. No project is too big or too small.

The organisation will apply itself to the problems of whyAfrikaans schoolchildren sing English rugby songs (Circular7175/76 of August2T 1975) with rhe same diligence and fervour asit brings to matters of national and international significance. TheBroederbond has achieved its position of extraordinary influenceover South Africa's affairs by skilful manoeuvering, persistent ap-plication to its task, and sheer dogged hard work. l7hether or notone agrees in principle that such an organisation ought to wield,from the shelter of absolute secrecy, such tremendotrc irrfl,rence onpublic affairs; whether or not one agrees with the formulae it pro-pounds as solutions to the problems of South Africa, one cannotbut feel awed by the scope of its work, the success it has achieved,and the efficiency of its operations.

How does it operate and how has it been able to achieve somuch? The current chairman, Professor Gerrit Viljoen, describedthe methods in his 1976 chairman's address to the national con-gress. "'W'e are not an executive or governing organisation; we donot have the financial means or the manpower for that. In general,we comprise part-time amateurs and not full-time experts work-ing only for the AB.

"our task, therefore, is primarily to negotiate and to workthrough the activation, motivation and preparation of our ownmembers, scores of whom carry high level management and pol-icy responsibilities in their daily lives, and in this way 'do the AB'swork' every dry.

"The AB achieves most of its successes, and the greatest ofthem, not so much by working organisationally as the An but farmore through the daily work activities of its nerwork of responsi-ble, informed and motivated members.

"when expert committees are formed from AB members in

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23

connection with national matters, we usually find that the major-ity of key figures in the relevant field are already our people, havealready taken a lead, and are carrying responsibilities."

The organisation has succeeded in capturing major areas of in-fluence in virtually every sphere of South African life, both in pub-lic affairs and in the private sector. These are goals for which it hasworked with implacable resolve. It is insatiable in its hunger forinfluential positions throughout all strata of society, and is a hardtaskmaster continually pushing and urging its members to extendthat influence. The monthly circular letters are replete with in-structions like the following:1,. "A by-election to fill an Orange Free State vacancy in the

(South African) Medical (and Dental) Council will be heldsoon. All doctors can participate. Dr lzakJ Venter, a Bloemfon-tein dermatologist, has been mentioned to us by friends as

somebody who ought to be supported. Secretaries must con-vey this announcement to doctor friends who are absent whenthis circular letter is read (Circular 77177 /78 of September 1

1e77).2. "The attention of friends involved in education in the Trans-

vaal is drawn to the fact that in the new education structureprovision is made for the appointment of a head of departmentfor vocational guidance at each school.It is of the utmost importance that these posts which were ad-vertised in August are manned by teachers with the right atti-tudes, capabilities and motivation, as is the case with all headsof departments.In view of the responsibilities of this post, further explanation ishardly necessary: they encompass religious education, youthpreparedness, the education programme in the hostels, cadets,and visits to the veld schools. Friends are asked to apply forthese key positions (Circular 6177178 of August 11977).

3. "It is important that Afrikaners working in the newspaper in-dustry are considered for membership. These people, becauseof their working conditions, cannot always take parr in publicaffairs or serve on public bodies. Their work gives them excep-tional opportunities to exercise leadership and influence so theymerit consideration, especially as they perform, or can perform,a service to the Afrikaner cause (Circular 5177178).

4. "Branches and friends are asked to consider how to attractyoung people to Afrikaans organisations like Rapportryers.

24

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various branches have pointed out that promising youngAfrikaners are being recruited by alien organisations like theRotarians, Round Table and the Freemasons when they shouldhave been won over to the Afrikaner cause. young officers inthe Defence Force and the police are often lost to our causethrough recruitment by these organisations.Branches with military bases in their areas, or where there aresignificant number of police or prisons officers, must give at-tention to this (circular 9176177 of october 29 1977).

5. "Following requests from branches, we wish to emphasise theimportance of the right influence in public organisations likemunicipal associations and agricultural associations. Friendsmust strive to ensure that people with the right attitudes areelected as executives of these bodies (Circular 5175176 ofJuly 1

1e7s).6. "It is important that senior officials of Afrikaner business

undertakings and financial institutions render public service infields where they can help develop and strengthen Afrikanerinterests. Here we think particularly of local government,where people with a different outlook from ours often play a

major role because Afrikaner businessmen are not available.The Executive council therefore calls on the appropriatefriends to influence the directorates of large undertakirrgs in thisdirection (Circular letter 4175176 ofJune 2lg7i)."

Not only is the Bond's quest for influence insatiable, so is itshunger for information. It is never content merely to postulatetheories or solutions. Intense investigation is its hallmark. "Ourtask is not only the formulation of policy but, even more so, thediscovery of the best methods of carrying through proven policyat all levels and in all fields. This demands inrensive and co-ordi-nated scientific research, sophisticated testing of methods, andtheir expert application" (Extraordinary circuiar of Mry 4 196l).

The Executive council always comprises top people in a diver-sity of fields, and can draw upon a vast reservoir of highly trainedexperts on any aspect of the nation's life. They constantly formthink-tanks and hold brainstorming sessions on virtually everysubject imaginable: "Recently 14 work groups were constitutedfrom 156 members representing the best brainpower, not only inSouth Africa but in the whole world, on virtually every aspect oflife" (Extraordinary circular ofJune 12 1963).

So, in his last year as chairman, Dr Piet Meyer, head of the

25

South African Broadcasting Corporation, was able to report to the1972 Broederbond National Congress: "To a greater or lesser ex-tent the following matters were also given attention: the Associ-ation of Rhodesian Afrikaners, our relations with the Chinese and

Japanese, liaison with Broeders abroad, South Africa's position ab-road, methods whereby Afrikaner unity can be promoted andstrengthened, the role of the State President and his public activi-ties, constitutional relationships, the closing of the HeidelbergTraining College, the American Field Service, the United States-South Africa Leadership Exchange Programme, the introductionof off-course totalisator boards in the Transvaal, the marked in-crease in snobbishness among Afrikaners, the Afrikaner worker,road safety, the Southern Cross Fund, the Springbok Legion, theso-called necessary lie.

"Brochures were compiled on our Christian national viewpointand the basis and objectives of our struggle, the executive arts,coloured voting rights in municipal elections, the l-Jniversity ofSouth Africa, municipal affbirs, us and our church, etc.

"Study papers and documents on the following subjects, amongothers, were circulated from time to time: the Publications Con-trol Board and its work, South Africa's capital requirements in thecoming years, labour integration in South Africa, the administra-tion of the AB, the attacks on the AB, the influence of foreign in-vestment in South Africa, Indian education, Bantu education,Bantu population in white areas, the greetings and handshakes ofthe non-whites, the sports policy, sport and the current campaignagainst South Africa, parallel development as a guarantee of thefuture of the coloured people, who are the coloured people, our re-lationship with the coloured people, self-protection in a hostileworld, pop music and the South African Broadcasting Corpora-tion, the National union of South African Students, the strangerin our midst, the agricultural industry in perspective, the import-ance of local authorities." This list reveals a remarkable degree offoresight anticipating the problem areas looming on the SouthAfrican horizon.

The year 1972 was a watershed for South Africa. After a boom-decade, the Republic was about to go into a dramatic slide, econ-omically, politically and internationally. Yet even in the days ofheady prosperity and plenty, the organisation was paying atten-tion to the vulnerable areas; preparing by study and investigationfor the stormy passage ahead.

26

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By 1972 sport was feeling the pinch of international isolation:the Broederbond was studying South Africa's sporrs policy andthe campaign against it. Sport was to become a major pr.o..trpr-tion for the organisation, which has been closely invoived in thepolicy modifications that have been effected over the years (seeChapter 14).

The following year, 1973, saw the oil crisis spread economicgloom over the Western world, and South Africa ielt the early in-timations of lean years ahead: the Broederbond had already exam-ined the country's capital requirements for the future.

Three years later, in 1976,, Bantu education and the problems ofurban blacks exploded onto the national and international scene ina horrifying outbreak of protracted violence in the black rown-ships, particularly Soweto. The Broederbond had looked at theeducation policy (stated by the leaders of the riots to have been thecause of the rising), and the question of blacks in "white" areas.

In the wake of the riots, international attention was focusedeven more closely on South Africa. By 1977 President Carrer wasin the White House and human rights was rhe issue of the day. TheSouth African Government's harsh security clampdown inoctober that year, the widespread detention and banning ofpeople and organisations, and the death in detention of black con-sciousness leader Steve Biko, followed in rapid succession, evok-ing bitter condemnation from the Y/est and a determination to dosomething positive.

Sanctions and further isolation from the international com-munity faced South Africa and the Broederbond had already in-vestigated the influence of foreign investment in South Africa andthe question of selGdefence in a hostile world. In his 1972 reporrDr Meyer had sounded an early warning, saying: "It appears thatSouth Africa's position in international politics is not generally ap-preciated. "

The question of the coloured people's place in South Africansociety could be deferred no longer. South Africa needed to showthe world at least some measure of progress towards solving itsrace problems. Late in 1977 the ruling National Party announced a

major departure from the Westminster system of Government to ade Gaulle-style presidency in which coloured and Asian peoplewould have a direct role; the Broederbond had been particularlyactive in connection with the coloured issue in 1972.

This, like sport, was a major matter that was to involve the

27

Broederbond intimately. The Government response to the ErikaTheron Commission of Inquiry into the Coloured People and theproposals to change South Africa's constitution were issues towhich the Broederbond applied particular study and energy, andover which it wielded tremendous influence (see Chapter 10).

All this investigation does not go to serve some esoteric, intro-spective Broederbond purpose. It is used for the South AfricanGovernment. The Executive Council is in close and regular con-tact with the Cabinet and through its research, provides earlywarnings in important areas of national and international policy.

In his 1972 report, Dr Meyer told the Broederbond nationalcongress: "'We have worked in the period just past to maintain theclosest liaison with Broeders in responsible circles. To this end wehave held discussions from time to time with such Broeders at fullmeetings of the Executive Council.

"Apart from that, delegations have been formed to put specificproblems to leading Broeders ... It is obvious that the ExecutiveCouncil cannot expect its requests to be implemented in every in-stance. The Executive responsibility remains with our Broederscharged with specific tasks and answerable to the highestauthority.

"The Executive Council would like to express sincere gratitudeto the Prime Minister and the Broeders in his Cabinet for theirreadiness to receive delegations from our organisation.

"The relationship between the Executive Council and ourBroeders in responsible circles was never better than it is now."

There can be little doubt that it is due at least in part to this re-lationship, and to the Broederbond's function as an early warningsystem, that Government spokesmen were able to say "'W'e wereprepared" when issues such as international pressure began to im-pact on South Africa. The chairman's summary of the events of1975 (Circular 11175176 of February 4 1976) shows that the organ-isation remained involved in vital issues of the d"y.

Professor Viljoen again mentions "regular discussions at highlevel" and lists some of the subjects to which the organisation at-tended: the detente policy, relations with Rhodesia, the removal ofunnecessary discrimination, shifts in the sports policy on the inter-national front, the Turnhalle Conference in South West Afri-calNamibia,s security matters, the education crisis, progress withseparate development (particularly development of the home-lands), the coloured question.

28

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The detente policy provides another example of the Broeder-bond using its expert members to provide information to theGovernment on matters of crucial importance, and again high-lights the very close working relationship between the o.grrrit-ation and the Government.

The previous monthly circular letter (10175/76 of February 31976) contains the chairman's report on discussions with "friendsin responsible circles" about the detente policy. He describes thepressure under which the South African team had to operate."Of:ten decisions with far-reaching implications have to be taken amidgreat uncertainty and risks. There can be no waiting or postpone-ment to reach absolute certainty or greater clarity. There simplyhas to be progress; decisions and choices have to be made.

"In order to provide our members with the necessary expert in-formation, the Executive Council has decided to establirt , specialcommittee on foreign relations, particularly on relations withAfrica." This committee would collate information, analyse it,formulate strategy suggestions, and pass on valuable tactical infor-mation to the Prime Minister and his detente ream.

A picture emerges of an organisation whose activities extend farbcyond the realms of purely cultural endeavour to which it claimsto confine itself. Broederbond documents show clearly that the or-ganisation also involves itself and its members in party politicalmatters. If it is axiomatic that the objectives of a political party areto assume power, and once in power to retain it, then the NationalParty in South Africa has a very valuable asset in the Broederbond.Although the organisarion's constitution excludes party politics,the general aims of the organisation - furthering the interests ofAfrikanerdom - provide a convenient rationale for supporting theNational Party on the ground that, politically, it is the best agenrfor the purpose.

"It is obvious that we also guard the interests of the Afrikaner onthe political front. We must be actively involved in the routine or-ganisation and activities ofthe political party and so enable the stand-points and ideals of the Afrikaner to work their way through . . .

"But we want to add this: we call ourselves Afrikaners aware ofour calling. If our members exclude themselves from politics onthe pretext of being concerned with cultural matters they will inpractice be neglecting their cultural concerns to an extent, becausea nation's politics is a part of its culture"(Circular 2174175 ofMarch 22 1974).

gh

It-of-t-

ri-the-

29

This provides part of the explanation for the Broederbond'scontinued existence as a secret organisation of fundamental im-portance to South African politics. It has been conrended - bothwithin the organisation and outside - that with the National par-ty's accession to power in 1948, and the advent of republic in1961,,the Broederbond has completed its programme. 'Whether or notthe National Party per se played any role in convincing the organ-isation otherwise, its decision to remain cloaked in secrecy musthave caused heartfelt relief in party circles.

The Broederbond in fact performs a significant role in keepingthe National Party in power. There is documentary evidence thatthe local branches of the Broederbond take it upon themselves, as

an official part of their work programme, to help the NationalParty during elections.6

There is also evidence of the Executive Council urging Broedersto work for the party. "Friends are again requested to involvethemselves actively in the National Party organisation. That is themost effective and, in fact, the only way in which influence can beexercised in the nomination of candidates. Members of our organ-isation should play an active role, as members of the party, for theduration of the election" (Circular 6169l7o of Septembri z 1969).

But, important as this is, it is not the organisation's most usefulfeature where the National Party is concerned: the organisationalso provides the Government with its own private and, more im-portant, secret opinion poll. Just as Western politicians regularlyuse opinion polls to check the grassroots feelings of the electorate,so does the National Party use rhe Broederbond. The unique ad-vantage in this case is that the Government has at its disposal as asounding board for any proposed policy innovations a stream-lined, highly disciplined organisation of nearly 12000 membersrepresenting the main body of its support, and covering the broad-est possible spectrum of interest groups.

It works quickly and efficiently, costs the Government nothing,and is secret. This works in several ways: some of the study docu-ments sent out by the Executive Council to the general Broeder-bond membership are drawn up specifically to guage the reactionof the members.T

on important policy matters this system provides "friends inresponsible circles" with quick access to 12000 confidentialopinions. Another way it performs this function is through ques-tionnaires on specific subjects. This was explained in a detailed

30

nd'sim-,oth)ar-

)61,,

not;an-IUSt

irg:hat

.asrnal

lers,lve

rhebe

an-rhe)).

fulron

m-rly.te ,

rd-SA

m-3rs

d-

rB,

u-

f,n

Broederbond document our organisation, circulated in June 1974.under a sub-heading "Activiries and Work Methois of theExecutive council" it says: "As far as is practical, opinion polls onspecific subjects will be provided more often by the distribution ofshort questionnaires to branches and even individual members.The results of such studies will be made known to the branches bythe Executive council and will be used in representations tofriends in responsible circles."

Both these methods were used to supply the Government withdetailed information on the sports poliry and the coloured issue. Itis, of course, doubly valuable. while it is of enormous value to theGovernment to have this secret facility available, it also providesthe organisation with a formidable weapon. [f it wanrs r; initiatechanges or innovations, or prevent ih.-, it can bring thisconsiderable bargaining counter to the conference table, furtherstrengthening its already well-stocked arsenal as a pressure-groupextraordinary in South Africa.

Similar benefits accrue from the organisation's national con-gresses, held every two years. These take a form similar to politi-cal party congresses in the sense that they pass resolutions onmajor aspects of public policy such as education, foreign affairs,finance,, agriculture, defence and internal security. Th+ also, ofcourse, handle internal matters, such as organisational affairs, cul-tural and work programmes, finances and the election of theExecutive Council.

Cabinet Ministers attend these congresses and take careful noteof the attitudes, criticisms and trends. This has the double effect ofproviding the Government with secret access to candid and oftenoutspoken opinions and at the same time adding one more link tothe organisation's chain of influence.

1. Thc third, the late Dr Nico Diederichs, was also a member and one-timechairman of thc Broederbond. T E Donges, who was State President-elect be-fore his death, was also a member.

2. Sekretarielc Verslag van die Uitvoercnde Raad oor die tydperk 1 Maart 1963tot 28 Februarie 1965, p 27.

:. ffl-s envisaged giving executive power to the State President, as was the caseof the presidents of the former Bo-er Republics. It is a tribute to the organis-ation's influencc that-this is part of the ,,.* .orrtitutional proposals to 6e in-troduced in South Africa at the turn of the decade.

4. Ons Taak Vorentoe , p 13.

lnial:S.

ed

31

5. Later in the same report he says the constitution's conference was taking place

"under our direction."The nature of the evidence in this case cannot be revealed as it would lead

straight back to one of our confidential sources.7. For Example, the paper The Coloureds - an Approach to their t|uture which, ac-

cording to Circular OtlOtll of August 3 1976 was "sent out in August 1,975for

comment."

32

1 History of the AfrikanerI Broederbond

vereeniging, May 1902 and the bedraggled, tatrered leaders of theBoer forces gathered to talk about peace after three years of ex-hausting, bitter war. Slowly they dribbled into the camp whichhad been set up on the Transvaal side of the Vaal River. Indomit-able, proud men, whose small bands of farmer soldiers hadseriously embarrassed the British forces, the mightiest fightingmachine in the world at the time. Under a lull in the war, nego-tiated with the British commander, Kitchener, the Boer warlords,many of whom had not seen each other for months, years of fight-ing, greeted each other tiredly and sat down to talk. Travellingundei guaranteed safe corrduit through the British lines, Botha-,De Wet, De la Rey, Kemp, Beyers, names which had becomelegends throughout South Africa and across the Atlantic in therich, leathery clubs and stately homes of Britain, rode dustily intothe camp. Smuts, interrupting his siege of O'Okiep in the north-west Cape, arrived by train, having been uneasily entertained bythe British themselves, including Lord Kitchener, who rode up ona magnificent black charger to greet him at Kroonstad. Accom-panying him was the young Deneys Reitz, who described theTransvaal commandos as "starving, ragged men, clad in skins orsacking, their bodies covered with sores, from lack of salt and food.. . their appearance was a great shock to us, who came from thebetter-conditioned forces in the Cape."1

In due course, on May 15, all sixty delegates from the Transvaaland orange Free State converged on Vereeniging and, with theirgovernments, commenced their discussions. The argumentsranged endlessly back and forth, moving from extremes of opti-mism, through a spectrum of harsh experience, to extremes ofpessimism. But, reports Kruger,2 "submission was inevitable: itwas palpable in the tattered clothes of many delegates, in theabsence of Steyn who was too sick to appear publicly, in the vividrecollection of ruin from end to end of the count.y."

But still the talking and arguing dragged on. while some urged

35

peace, others supporred the fiery K.Tq: Y.f*..lared: "As far as I

,- .orr.erned, l^will fight on till I die."3 From Vereeniging, a

small delegation moved to Pretoria to try to negotiate terms with

the British-, but the hated Milner was obdurate, and they returned

empty-handed. Slowly the deadline for a decision drew near, until

orr,fr. last day, Mry 31, the young Transvaal State Attorney'J"Christian Smuts, stood up to speak. "'W'e are here not as an army'

but as a people,'l h. said. "We have not only a military question,

but also a national matter to deal with. No one here represents his

own commando. Everyone here represents the Afrikaner people'

and not only that portion which is still in the field, but also those

who are already .-d.r the sod and those who will live after we

have gone. We represent not only ourselves, but also the thou-

sands who are dead and have made the last sacrifice for their

people, the prisoners of war scattered all over the world, and the

women and children who are dying out by thousands in the con-

centration camps of the enemy; we represent the blood and the

tears of an entire nation. They call upon us, from the prison-of-

war camps, from the concentration camps, from the grave, from

the field, arrd from the womb of the future, to decide wisely and to

avoid all measures which may lead to the decline and the extermi-

nation of the Afrikaner people, and thus frustrate the objects for

which they made all their sacrifices. Hitherto we have not con-

tinued the struggle aimlessly. We did not fight merely to be shot'

We com-.rr.."d",he struggle and continued it to this moment be-

cause we wished to maintain our independence, and were prepared

to sacrifice everything for it. But we may not sacrifice the

Afrikaner people for that independence. As soon as we are con-

vinced that, humanly speaking, there is no reasonable chance to re-

tain our independence ,, ."p,iblics, it clearly becomes our duty to

stop the struggle in order ihrt *. may not perhaps sacrifice our

p.opl. ,rrd oii future for a mere idea which cannot be realised'"'Corrtirr.ring his eloquent plea for peace, he said the result of the

struggle sliould be left in God's hands. "Perhaps it is His will to

t.rJlh" people of South Africa through defeat and humiliation,

yea, even thiorgh the valley of the shadow of death, to a better

future and brighter daY."a

About ,, hJu before the midnight deadline, the talking was ex-

hausted and after the hawklike De Wet suddenly switched and

gave the nod for peace, a statement drawn up by Smuts and his

i.grl colleague Barry Hertzog was signed that "We, the national

36

...

it

:

representatives of both the South African Republic and rheorange Free State . .. have with grief consider.a tn. proposalmade by His Majesty's Government in connection with the con-clusion of the existing hostilities, and their communication thatthis proposal had to be accepted, or rejected, unaltered. we aresorry that His Majesty's Government has absolutely declined tonegotiate with the Government of the Republics on the basis oftheir independence . . . our people . . . have always been under theimpression that not only on the grounds ofjustice, but also takinginto consideration the great material and personal sacrifices madefor their independence, that they had a well-founded claim for thatindependence."5

After setting out the reasons for laying down their arms, thestatement ended: ".we are therefore of the opinion that there is nojustifiable ground for expecting that by continuing the war thenation will retain its independence, and that, unde.lhese circum-stances, the nation is not justified in continuing the war, becausethis can only lead to social and material ruin, not for us alone, butalso for our posterity . . ."

England rejoiced. In Holland, one of the protagonists whostarted the war, Paul Kruger, placed his hand o" th. open Bibleand murmured, "God will not forsake His peopl".". In SouthAfrica some of the Boers smashed their rifles .athe. than handthem over, some refused to swear allegiance to the crown andwere deported, but most conceded defeal and trudged off to a for-bidding future.

As the silent groups of guerilla fighters returned to their deso-late farms, their bitterness fanned the flames of a new nationalism.Materially the war had taken a heavy toll. Towards the end, theBritish had adopted a scorched earth policy and had laid waste theBoer farms. They had also establish.d .orri.ntration camps for the"protection" of Boer women and children. Although *rrry gavethems-elves up voluntarily to these camps, they leJto one of themost bitter aspecs of the war - 26a00 Afrikaner women and chil-dren died in condirions of terrible disease and hardship. The factthat scores of British died of the same diseases did little to expati-1-te th9 bitter grief of the Boer veterans. Hardly an Afrikaans ir--ily did not lose a mother, )oung son or daughter in the camps, andeven today accounts of the deprivation anJ hardship they cars.dare passed on f:"T one generation to the next. siiritrrily, theBoers emerged in better shape. They could hold th.i, heads high

37

in any company as fighters. Britain had put 448 000 men in the

field, while the Boers could at no time call upon more than 70 000,

and probably never had more than 40 000 in active service. TheBritish were trained soldiers, while the sharpshooting Boers werealmost exclusively civilians under arms. In round figures, 7 000

British soldiers were killed and 20000 wounded. The Boers lost4 000 men. They were justifiably proud of their war record. Withthis pride was a burning nationalism and a determination to be-

come the rulers of their land - one day.And, of course, they had their bitterness and hate to sustain

them. Lord Salisbury was prophetically accurate when he said thatif the Boers submitted without fighting, they would hate the

British for a generation; if they fought and were beaten they

would hate much longer.T The imprint has not faded and there is

an unhappy measure of truth in the persistent South African clich6

that the Boer War is still being fought today.A fundamental and powerful factor in that abiding hate was

Lord Milner, the tyrannical High Commissioner whose rigorousimperialism so antagonised the Boers. As Krugef points out, the

great achievements of British colonial administrators all over the

world have usually stemmed from their love of the country and

people they administered. 'S7hen Milner wrote from South Africa,

"I have always been unfortunate in disliking my life and surround-ings here," he laid bare a fundamental disqualification for his job.If Milner disliked South Africa, the Boers detested him and all he

stood for. They particularly detested his policy of anglicising the

Afrikaner. LJnder the British regime, Afrikaans became a despised

language. Children were allowed to speak it only three hours a

week at school, otherwise they had to carry a placard proclaiming,"I am a donkey, I spoke Dutch." O'Mearae observes: "'Within the

imperralist colonial states, a clear culturzl oppression operated

,gri.rtt Afrikaans speakers. Long before the war ended the inde-pendence of the Republics, so generating a fierce cultural response,

ih. lrtrguage of the Cape had inspired a strong cultural national-

ism. More importantly, in an essential peripheral economy domi-nated by the ideology of imperialist interest, for those Afrikaners

unprepared to accept cultural assimilation, and who possessed a

-odi*tn of training, rendering them unsuitable for manual

labour, employment opportunities were limited. English was the

language of the economy."Herein lay the seeds of more Afrikaner resentment. The devas-

38

tation of their lands by the British during rhe war, crop failures,drought and depression forced many of th-em off the land and intothe cities, particularly the goldfieldi of the lTitwatersrand. Here,proud landowners became labourers - a pathetic, dejected group,whose bitterness and family responsibiiities were all ttrrl tepithem -going. From the bitterrr.r, of military defeat, they werelorced to the greater bitterness of economic sutjection by ,h. ,r-.foe, British imperialism.

But in this ravaged emotional and spiritual wasteland, littlebreezes were kicking up dusty hopes. poets like Eugene Marais,Totius, c Louis Leipoldt and others were giving dfinity, depthand cultural validity to the Afrikaans larrgu-rge. pohlicaliy, therewere stirrings as well. General Louis noth, in the Transvaalorganised his people in a new political union called Het volk, withan underlying philosophy of "forgive and forget". Four years afterdefeat, Botha became the first premier of the Trarsrraal. In theorange Free State, Abraham Fischer, with Hertzog and De wet,organised the orangia Unie and in 7907, he became its primeMinister. In the cape the following year,John X Merriman reju-venated the Afrikaner Bond and came to power under the bannerof the new South African party. The elements of Afrikaner recon-struction were beginning to grow.

on May 31 1910, the Act of Union was passed, moulding SouthAfrica into a constitutional unit. The parochial, p.or,i.r."ial ele-ments of Afrikaner political expressiorr combined under Botha,the first lJnion Prime Minister, in the form of the National SouthAfrican Party. The party was only formally founded in November1911, after it had won the election and had ruled for some time. Atthe formation, speeches were given by most of the Boer heroes,including General Botha, President M T Steyn, Generals J H de laR.y,J B M Hertzog andJ c Smuts. But it was an uneasy and arti-ficial alliance, the first signs of which came when ,,National,,

wasdropped from its title. General Hertzog, particularly, was an un-comfortable presence. He was unpopulir with the English sectionof the population and with the press, largely because orni, recordin education matters. while he was Minister of Education in theFree State in 1908, he passed a law which put Dutch and Englishon a par in the schools and also made mother-tongue instructioncompulsory until Standard Six. General Botha trieJ to keep Hert-zog out of the cabinet by offering him a posr as an rpp.rijudge,but he refused.r. constitutionally, South Africa *rrlrrd.ei uni-

39

fied, but emotionally and politically deep divisions remained.Afrikanerdom split into two distinct camps inside the same party.On the one hand, there were those who subscribed to Botha's dic-tum of forgive and forget, which led to the accusation that hebegan to ignore the interests of his own people, giving preferenceto the British. On the other hand, there was the Afrikaans langu-age champion, Hertzog, pursuing a policy of South Africa First,which sought to unite South Africans into one Afrikaner nation,free from any form of imperialism.

Eventually, Botha felt compelled to drop Hertzog from his

Cabinet, but, as if nothing had happened, Hertzog stayed on in theparty. Then, on December 28 1,91.2, he made a ringing speech inPretoria and outraged British sensibilities when he said he wouldrather live with his own people on a dunghill than stay in the pal-aces of the British Empire. Botha was appalled, but was unable tosubdue his outspoken compatriot.

The inevitable split came the following year at the united con-gress of the SAP in the Cape in November, where voting was 131

to 90 in favour of Botha continuing without Hertzog. The latterwalked out of the congress, followed by the revered Boer com-mander, General de Wet, who, with a flourish, waved his hat at

the congress and called out "adieu". And it really was goodbye;the split was irrevocable.

In January 1,914, Hertzog called a special congress of his sup-porters where the National Party was formed.

The first acid test for the separating streams of Afrikanerdomcame the same year when World War 1 was declared. Botha feltthat South Africa, as part of the Empire, was compelled to enterthe war. Constitutionally, he was left little alternative. But it wastoo soon to put the LJnion of South Africa to such a test.Afrikanerdom was seriously divided within itself, and the Boer'War, concluded only 72 years previously, loomed large in thememories of the Afrikaner people. Botha's quandary became agon-ising when Britain accepted his offer of assistance and, movingoutside the limits of its intentions, immediately requested him toseize the German territory of South West Africa. Hertzog wonenormous Afrikaner support by strenuously opposing this prop-osition, saying it was contrary to "South Africa First" and wasreally only in the interests of the British Empire. Only 12 yearsafter the Boer .War, with heartbreak and grief still deep inAfrikaner hearts, the stage was being set for an even more trau-

40

matic experience - Broedertwis, brother taking up arms againstbrother.

A remarkable set of coincidences lit the fuse of the Afrikanerfratricide. Botha was quietly, behind the scenes, setting in motionthe training of a force of men to march on South w.rt Africa.General de la R.y, a Senator in Botha's party, had other ideas andsaw in the war an opportunity to win thi final victory of the Boerwar and gain republican independence for South Africa. GeneralBeyers, Botha's Commander-in-Chief was also against active par-ticipation in the war, but remained irresolute. De la Rey broodedin restive agitation at home in Lichtenburg. Nearby lived a man,Niklaas van Rensburg, who was reputed to be a seer and prophet,gifted with second sight.

It was said that during the Boer 'war, while serving with De laR.y, he had used this gift to save many military situations in thenick of time. As a consequence many people, including his formergeneral, believed in him implicitly. During this perioJ of tormenrover whether to fight Britain's war or not, Van Re.rsburg claimedto have had a vision in which a red bull and a grey bull h"ad a fightto the death. The red bull was trampled in the J"ri. This was rakeng be a sign that Germany, associated with grey, would defeatBritain, unmistakeably represented by red. van Rensburg, in hisvision, also saw the number 15 against a dark cloud from whichblood poured. He saw De la Rey, with his head bare, cominghome and he saw a carriage filled with flowers. These visions wereinterpreted as the scenes of the restoration of the republican flagand as the triumphant return of De la Rey on the 15th of themonth. The story of Van Rensburg's vision spread like wildfireacross the western Transvaal and gave rise to the belief that theGreat War in Europe was the opportunity for the realisation of theAfrikaners' republican dream.

De la Rey began seriously to think in terms of a revolt againstBotha- !e prevailed upon the less convinced Beyers and a coispir-3cy of officers was harched. It included Major J c G Kemp, com-manding the 1 400 men in training for the Soulh west exieditionat Potchefstroom, and Lt. Col. S G Maritz, in command of thetraining camps in the north western cape. on 15 September Bey-ers resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the armedforces. on the same d^y, he and De la Rey left pretoria for pot-chefstroom, where Kemp was waiting to start the revolt. Also onrhat day, on the instructions of the Botha government, armed pa-

41

trols were out, manning roadblocks and searching for the notort-

ous Fost., grrrg, , Ur# of robbers and murderers who had es-

caped the law io. *orths. on the way to Potchefstroom, De la

Rey and Beyers came upon one of these roadblocks and, thinking

their plot had been .e,realed, crashed through it- Further on' they

attempted the same at a second roadblock. A police--1', aiming at

the wheels of the speeding car, opened fire_and a bullet, ricochet-

ting off the road, for,d dt l" nty'' heart' He died in the arms of

his stunned friend and co-cotrrpirrtor. His death was also the death

of the planned revolt. B.y".r, never absolutely convinced about

the course he was on' quitkiy pulled out -and Kemp' when he

heard the news, hastily .trr,..*anded all the steps he had taken'

Five days later, thousands gathered at De la Rey's home town of

Lichtenburg for the funerrt or one of the most respected and well-

l0ved of the Boer leaders. Botha and Smuts attended as well as De

Wet and Beyers, not yet oPenly rebels. The prophet V1, Rensburg

had not been entirely wrong. There was De la Rey, bare-headed

on his bier; there was a carriage festooned with flowers and

wreaths; ,rra in.re was the blooistained car. An ugly mood pre-

vailed at the gr..r.ride, where grief-stri*." Afrikaners believed

that the rr-o,i, ota ngn,er had b"..r, killed, not by accid-ent' but on

instruction from the Government. In vain, Botha and Smuts tried

to explain what had happ.rr"J and eventually the crowd dispersed'

muttiring threats against the Prime Minister'

This sullen *o"irpread throughout the western Transvaal and

northern Free State, stoking ,rp .--otions to exploding point'

H S Webb in his oorzaken ''on

d, Rebellie described some of the

scenes which led up to the rebellion'.,At a National Party meeting at Potchefstroom on octobet 2' a

wild mob interrupt.d th. -..#rrg ar"td threw rotten eggs and dead

cats at the General (de Wet) - ,f,. hero of heroes of the Afrika-

ners" (p 48). And at a contt't i" Pretoria to celebrate Kruger's

birthday on october 10, at which General Beyers wa-s.to speak'

".ggr, tomatoes and sinister objects *:t: thrown at him' while

thJiritish National Anthem was sung" (p 50)'. The fuse was lit when Maritz, fa, away in the cape, raised the

standard of revolt and, after some hesitation, declared the indepen-

dence of the union. In itself, Maritz's action was doomed' but it

provided th. .hrrge to galrlrrir. the rest of the country into armed

rebellion Bothr, Fr..d i"irf, a massive crisis, took to the field him-

self. It was Boer commander against Boer commander as De wet

42

it

called his Free Starers to arms and Kemp did the same in theTransva.al. Beyers, who ostensibly should have led the Transvaalrebels, did not have his heart in trre ngnt against felow Afrikanersand took to the bush, evenrually to UI f".iea irto th. fr"y. Bothr,able to mobilise huge resources, soon scattered the rebeis. Kemplld !.V.L, nearly out of ammunirion, began to pin,fr.i, frop., onYur_r: soldiering on near rhe German Souih West border. Evenru_ally Kemp, with 600 mounted men, struck out across the Karaharito join forces with Maritz. Beyers, hounded Uf Co".r".rr.rr,forces tried to recross the vaal River, from the Free State back tothe Transvaal. He met his death from heart failure in the swollenwaters of the river. when his body was recovered, it was foundthat he had not fired a single rhot i.om his Mauser pirtol. He hadbeen a rebel by circumstance, never by conviction.

Meanwhile, in the Free State, De wet continued the rebel strug-$,.,

b:, Botha's superiority soon began to tell and, like Kemp, Dewet decided to strike o.ri to join iorces with Maritz. He nevermade it; with dwindlin-g supporr and with his resources rapidlyexhausting themselves, h. *ri harried across the veld until he wascornered on a farm near Kuruman. The legendary warrior, whohad fought so successfully against the BritiJh, firraily g*. t i_r.tfup to a fellow Afrikaner, Colonel J F Jordaan, ,rd *L locked upin the Johannesburg Fort to awaitirial.

with the capture of De !7et and the death of Beyers, the fire ofresistance in the rebel forces was extinguished, .*..pt for Kempand Maritz and a smalr band of die-hards in the pretoria districtunder the leadership of Captain Joseph Fourie. .l"pl.; ior.i"joined the rebellion, but made the cardinal ...o, of ,Lt first.esign-ing his commission from the Government forces. After a sharpskirmish, in which the Government troops lost heavily, Fouriewas. captured, arraigne d at a field court marshall and condemnedto death for treason. Leading Afrikaners, like Dr D F Malan, theCape Dutch Reformed Church minisrer, pleaded ;t;i theGovernment for leniency, but with no success. On Decem ber 201914, Jopie Fourie, U,lvelV singing a hymn, faced a firirg ,qrra.The shot that killed him becam. ,-ry-iol to Afrikaner riationar-ism,

_that imperialism, and Afrikarers who .o_op.rr,.J *itf, it,could be trusted never again.

.{.Tp, after an epic trek across the deserr, managed to join uprvith Maritz and for a while they togeth., ,.or.i, ,rurib.. ofvictories over the Government sordilrs. But it could not rast.

43

Eventually, Maritz fled to Angola and then to Portugal and Spain.

Kemp suirendered and, with his officers, was taken to Johannes-bu.g1o stand trial.11 In the first half of 1915, the rebel leaders were

triei and convicted to varying terms of implisonment and fines'

De Wet was sentenc.d to ,i* y.rrr' jail and ^

{,ZOOO fine, Kemp to

seven years' imprisonment and , {t OOO fine' None served the fullprison terms, ho*.r"., and by the end of 1916 all had been re-

leased after their fines were pria Uy public subscription. Kriigerlz

sums up: ,,The rebellion *ai over, but it had been no slight affair.

Thousands had taken part, hundreds of lives had been lost and the

cost in money was high. The rebellion had important political

consequences. All ex-rebels, who had not been political supporters

of Hertzog before now became such, and their relatives and

friends ,p.".aity joined their ranks. They bitterly hated Botha and

Smuts ,"a tn.ii policy which they blamed for the whole affair.

Memories of the -South

African war with its destruction of prop-

erty and its concentration camps revived and Botha and Smuts

*.ie h.rr.eforth classed as renegade Afrikaners. Botha's op-

ponents did not realise that for him also it had been a terrible ex-

p.ri..rc", that in his heart poignant memories had been revived

and that the rebellion was to hasten him to his end'"Botha paid the political price of the rebellion in the general elec-

tion latei thrt y.rr. During his campaign, he suffered the terrible

humiliation of havinq insults like "bloodhound", "murderer","traitor", 'Judas" thriwn in his face.rs Hertzog scored huge divi-dends and in the end Botha's South African Party and its Indepen-

dent supporters received 95 000 votes as against Hertzog's 77 W0,

forcing-Botha into coalition with the ardently pro-war (J-nionists,

*ho .i.r" hated by many Afrikaners as "BritishJingoes"'14

Deep Afrikaner divisions persisted throughout World..War 1'

Politically in turmoil, economically oppressed, culturally con-

fused, the Afrikaner by the end of the war was a dispirited, demo-

ralised, broken soul. It was into this grim scenario that the

Afrikaner Broederbond was born. It was a birth marked by fire

and violence. on the night of April 17 1918 a Nationalist meeting,

addressed by the p"rty'i Cape leader, Dr D F Malan, who had left

the church iot potitiit, wai broken uP by a mob' The N-ational

club building in Johannesburg was vandalised, fittings and furni-ture were ,--rrhed up and set;light in the street. In the mayhem,

members of the audience were beaten up. It had a marked effect on

three young Afrikaners, HJ Klopper, H W van der Merwe"and

44

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,ff

D H c du Plessis. Still in their late teens, the three met on a koppiein Kensingron, Johannesburg the tloUng day and pledgedthemselves to form -rr_

o.grrriration to defend the Afrikaner andreturn him to his rightfut place in South Afii;;. il;;;; helpedin their task with advice irom the Reverend J F Naude, a DutchReformed Church minister. On the .rr...ring if;rr" S ilta, theyktd I T.:ri"g with a few others .t tn. fro,,!.f i""i. (O'H C) duPlessis in Malvern. This meeting .ar, ..ally be taken as the forma_tion of the Afrikaner Broederbo"nd, at thai ,r.g. .riiJ j"rg sria-Afrika.

In his review, o'Meara ascribes the birth of the organisationTSlv to imperialism which "was seen as having operated since1806 to divide Afrikaans--speakers with conflid;;;;;s, and,since the-slagtersnekrebe,ion, the (Great) Trek, and 1g77 annexa-tion of rhe Transvaal, and fina,y the conquest of the Repubrics,subjected them with increasing opp..r.lorr, l_porr".irf_r.rt ,.radivision' The Afrikaner BroedJruo.ra *r, born into, and serf-con-sciously as a result of, these divisions.l,lb

Professor A N pelzer, a leading Broeder, explained the organis_ation's initial probrems in his hisloricar ..ui.* girr"n ,, ir," Broe-derbond's 50th Anniversary in tgog. "For understandabrereasons," he said, "it was difficult to exprain th. "rm,

oiii" noraclearly in words, with the result thrt, -i., rhe beginning, people

rr,,ere allowed in to the movement who thought i, irrr:rr"r'rnothercultural society. In this way, many disappointments were sufferedand it took more than two'y.r., b.fo.. the Bond took on its finarshape. O1 September 21 1920, thr rrl., of the Bond were ac_cepted, which made an end to the initial uncertainty-.;- "'

. , tt that stage, the Broederbond consisted of 37 members, whodeclared themselves the founde., "f ifr. Bond.

One of the earliest members was Mr L L du plessis, (not to beconfused with Profesrgl L J du plessi$, who said the Broederbondwas originally an Afrikaans organisation ro proprgri. theAfrikaans language and bring ,.[.rfr.. serious_minded youngAfrikaners in Johannesbr.g ,n"d on"the Reef.

, "lr. *1t nothing more tf,an a semi_religious organisation,,, Mrdu Plessis added. "Meetings were held i, the p"Irror"g.. of rfr.Jeppr and Irene congregations, as welr as in theirene ch-urch hail,where the late Reverend w Nicol (rater moderator of the Neder-duitse Gereformeerde Kerk ,"a ai-irist.ror of the i.rrrrr.rfy,was Minister."

It was an open organisation then and the members were ex-

pected to wear Broederbond buttons on their coats. Of the

founder, Henning Klopper, Mr du Plessis said, "We were at

school together and we worked together for years in the railwayservice. He is an idealist of the first magnitude and a man whonever touches alcohol and tobacco."

One of the first 18 young Broeders, Lourens Erasmus Botha

van Niekerk, pondered in a newspaper interview in 1964: "I won-der why the Broederbond has become the way they say it has?"

He found it puzzling that the organisation had become such a

potent underground force, that it had seized sufficient power toiake upo, itself the guidance and administration of an entire

nation. "lt was never intended to be like that, I can assure You,"Mr van Niekerk said. "l can remember the first days of the Bond'It was in the year of the great'flu when 18 of us got together one

night in the old Irene church hall in Plein Street, and decided to

foim an Afrikaner society. There were ll railwaymen, six

policemen and one outsider. The driving force behind the estab-

lishment of the society was Henning Klopper."We formed the Broederbond as a kind of counterpart to socie-

ties and clubs which, in those days, were exclusively English-speaking. Those were hard days for the Afrikaner. Everything was

English and Afrikaans-speaking people found it hard to make out'We decided the Broederbond would be for Afrikaners only - any

Afrikaner - and that it would be a sort of cultural society. We

started raising funds to build up a library and we invited promi-nent Afrikaners to give lectures. There was nothing sinister about

the Bond in those days. We had our own colours - green' gold and

grey - and we had some good times .In 1922,1 was transferred bypolice headquarters to Port Elizabeth and later to Bloemfontein,where I lost iouch with the Bond. They never communicated withme after that."

On August 261927, at a meeting in the old Carlton Hotel, the

members decided to transform the Bond into a secret society

(Oelofse report, p 8).At the 50th anniversary of the Broederbond in 1968, only nine

founder members were still alive and Henning Klopper made a

rousing speech about the organisation he formed and which had

taken over effective control of almost every public position'According to another founder member, Mr LJ Erasmus, who

later left the organisation, the Bond's decision to go "under-

46

Mm

fiDh&r

fl

,dh

ground" was justified. "The confidential nature of its activitiesand,memb.ership was only d..ia"d ,rpon under pressure of thecruel realities of those post 1g1g days as a matter of tactics, andself-preservation strategy." Memb"il pr.ti.rrarry civil servanrsand teachers, claimed_tf,.y *-... p....."r.a b..rrr. of th.i. op.r,association with the Bond. tf the Bond went underground, theycould carry on the furtherance of its-aims unharmed.The tide had turned. From ,, iiJtrti., .;;; ;;;iety for theAfrikaner, the Bond was on lt, ,rry to becoming a secretAfrikaner elite organisation, d.t..-i.r.l ro rule South Africa.After the decision in favour of ,..r..y the membe., ,i."i ,fr"i.time planning the expansion of the t.g*i.rtion and imprimentinga masterplan for ruling South Afrila. A rigorous ,.t of ,rl.sglardinq its secrecy *r, lrid down, so rhat no outsider knew whotts members were' its plans, or even its successes and fa,ures.Thefirst branch of the B.oederbona

""irr.a fb. ,h.;;;;;l:;.. ,second was formed _ on the West Rand o, Arg.rrt, iZ- tiit. rn.next year' on March 3 1922, an East Rand bran"ch *", r.r-.a.From the time that Mr Iwan Lomba.d became the Broeder_bond's first full-time.secretary onJanuary 1 1937,the organisationreally expanded, as shown U.t"*,

iti

h$

i

it,il

tilflffi

#

Members

37162512

1 3951 9802 8113 6624 7495 7606 9668 154

12 W08y.1968 - 50 years after formation _ the three Transvaal brancheshad increas ed to 237 , Cape to 1 91 , O;;;e Free State 97, Natal 19,South West Africa ri, ,rra il;;;:'Th. orr. branch in Lusaka,Zambia, was disbanded in lg65/ie.

.nll;:":, years of exisrence, the Broederbond had only 12

1920192519301935194019451950

1 9551960196519681977

Number of Cells1

8

2380

13s183260332409484560810

HJ Klopper -June 5 1918 to June 26 1924 - later Speaker of the

House of Assembly.W. Nicol -June 261924 to March 13 1925 - later Administrator of

the Transvaal.

J H Greybe - March 13 1925 to May 261928-

J W Potgieter - May 26 1928 to September 6 1930-

LJ du Plessis - September 6 t930 to August 13 1932- later Profes-

sor at Potchefstroom UniversitY.

J C van Rooy - August 13 1932 to October 6 1938 - Professor at

Potchefstroom (Jniversity.N Diederichs - october 6 1938 to October 31942 - later Minister

of Finance and State President.

J C van Rooy - October 3 1942 to February 23 1952.

H B Thom - October I 1952 to November 24 1960 - later Rector

of Stellenbosch University.P J Meyer - Novemb er 24 1960 to 1972 - Chairman Board of

Directors, SABC.A P Treurnicht - 1972 to 1974 - Deputy Minister.G Viljoen - 1974 - Rector of Rand Afrikaans University.

All the Broederbond chairmen - with one notable exception -remained faithful to the secret society until the end. The exceptionwas Lodewicus Johannes du Plessis. One of Afrikanerdom's mosttalented sons, he became one of the leaders of the Super-Afrikan-ers, later tried to break its ranks, became a rebel, and died a lonelyman. The Du Plessis story illustrates the strong hold the Broeder-bond can take on individuals, no matter how brilliant they are' Foreven when he was at his bitterest and in an open feud with the

Prime Minister, Dr H F Verwoerd, he never dared attack the

Broederbond' openly.Wikus du Plessis, son of a professor at a theological school, was

born on February 10 1897, at Burgersdorp. He was a brilliantscholar in four disciplines: economics and political science, in whichhe got an M. Econ; classics, in which he obtained an M.A';and law, in which he obtained an L.L.B.

He was elected chairman of the Broederbond on September 6

1930, and served until August 13 1932. On April 1. 7933, he be-

came professor in political science and law at the PotchefstroomUniversity College for Christian Higher Education. Also in 1933,

he became chairman of the National Party in the Transvaal. He

was professor until the end of Decemb er 1946 when he moved to

48

-loh-\fi

-:

]n'nfr

TI

Ir

{Ipu

f,uq

d

u

fliffi.::"rg, to immerse himself in the economic struggle of the

"Undoubtedlv, it was worry over the economic position of theAfrikaner and his own ca,ing'ro -rk. a contribution to rhe im-provemenr thereof which made him take thar ,tepJ;; ; pressiswas one of the founders of Volkskas and for .f."J" y"i., h. *.,chairman of the board of directorr.-H. ,tro played a key role informing Asokor, Kopersbond ^ri-iogbrrrkp;^:, ;;; "irrrr. p,_lars on which the mighty afrikaans press group, perskor, wasbased. The present .ha".-"r,

"?p;;k;., Mr MariusJooste, said ofhim: "(Jp to that time.(th5 U.gi".ri.,; of the fifties), I do not knowof a single foundation in the "3.rrr,13*erl as many in the sourhernpart of South Africa, in which uri["r du plessis did not have ashare - I go so far as to say that no other Afrikaner of which Iknow, can be compared ,o ihir, *t.r, i, comes to the forming ofAfrikaner businesses.',rz Du pllrri, *

theorist, .r;h;;';r, a reader. an* nllil, "#ffilil: ,tJtffilchairman of the Transvaal Nrri;;;i er*y. ..He played a leadingrole in it (the NP),,especially in il;; formulations. The consri-tution (draft republicin .orrrtit,riior)'-r, almosr exclusivery hiscreation. It is no Ionger any secret that Dr Malan ",

orr. ,irg. .o.r_sidered Professor du pl...i, ,, hi, ,o...s ;;;'q! v'rl J!.t

Du Plessis served on. the Supreme Corr.lt of the militant Osse_wabrandrvag, and was irs poricy chiefuntil 1946.Hebecame chair-man of the unitv rommittee *iri.h hrJ to try and establish recon-ciliadon between the ossewrU.r"i*rg and the Nrtlorr"i party.He was never a conformirr,..*..pi,l.lrrrpr, for the period he wasin the Broederbond. leadership. i.r'."." of that time he said: ,,Iwas not a founder, but a reformer of the Broederbond.,,re He didrot explain what he^meant by it, p.ob.bry because he st,r felt:ound by the oath of secrecy. t --' 11v

The rift between Du plessis and the party and Broederbondeaders became deener and deeper. H. .t rit.rj"a ."r."pir*r"r.h ,,Fi:. baasskap, and said ..1;;; airJ-ir"rion should go. He:'Ieaded for proper consoridation ortt .-t omerands and dipromatic'ies with Africa - views with which any uerrigte Nationarist wourdtoday agree, but in th5 l1e fifti.r, *J.. ..g".ded as heresy. DuPlessis was so far ahead

"f his tim. irrr, rt. srrain between him and\'rerwoerd reached breaking p.i;;. i;i;59, he was expelred fromr:re National partv by^the fi-r"""f H"-rd Co.r_ittee, and also re_placed as chairman ortn. D;;;r:r;;';olla orai..*ors. on his ex-

pulsion from the part], he said: "Dr Verwoerd has not silencedme; only God Almighty can do that. I am only to be in abeyance

for a while, like Nehru."The final humiliation was his expulsion from the Broederbond,

the organisation he joined and steered in its formative years. In1960, he wrote to MrJ P van der Spuy, the Secretary of the Broe-derbond:

"I do not write to justify myself or to Persuade anybody, butonly as witness to my own conscience. And I hope I writewitlr no self-glorification or personal grief, but straightforward,and-to the point . . . in deep sorrow over the wonderful opportuni-ties missed by Afrikanerdom, because of the narrow-mindednessand imperiousness of the leaders - who dare not accept heroicvision because the nation (uolk)is supposedly not ready for it, butat the same time try to destroy everyone who undertakes to pre-pare the nation (for change). However, I hope, through the grace

of God, that they will not be able to destroy me - because I fear

nobody and I believe only and exclusively in God Almighty,through Jesus Christ our Lord."20

Soon ifter the break between Du Plessis and the Super-Afrika-ners, the rumours started - that he was an alcoholic, that he was

"off his head", and did not know what he was doing.ln 7963, he underwent a brain operation.According to Potgieter: "After that, his life became still. His

voice no longer heard in clear and persuasive tones. His crafty pen

no longer writing. His energetic life came to such a sudden end

. . ."2r lt was a chilling epitaph. Wikus du Plessis died in 7968, a

lonely man, rejected by the men he helped to unite Afrikanerdom,and through their propaganda, by Afrikanerdom at large.

1968 was the year of Du Plessis'death, but it was also a year oftriumph for the Afrikaner Broederbond. It marked fifty years ofits existence, fifty vigorous years during which it left its insidiousimprint on every major political event in South Africa's de-velopment. It had grown from small, desperate beginnings to be-

come a giant shadow, a spectre of enormous Power working be-

hind the scenes, manipulating, squeezing, forming South Africa'spolicies and strategies for the sake of Afrikanerdom. But mingledwith the triumphs, those 50 years also saw their setbacks and

crises.Ironically, the Broederbond came into being on a wave of emo-

tion and fervour largely symbolised by Hertzog in the World War

50

1 years: ironically, because Hertzog wasperson publicly to deal the organisition athe first to present it with a re"al crisis-

destined to be the firstpunishing body blow,

1. Kruger, R,Coodbye Dolly Cray, p +96.2. Ibid. p 497.3. Ibid.4' Kestell, D E, and van velden, J D, The peace Negotiations between Boer and_ Briton in South AJrica, pp 1gg_191.5. Kruger, R, Goodbye Dolly Cray, p 503.6. Krtiger, D W, The Maleing of a inaiion, p lO.7. Troup, F, South Africa: An Historial Iniroduction, p 190.8. Coodbye Dotly Cray, p 509.9 o'Meara, Dan' The Afrikaner-Broederbond 1927-194g: crax vanguar, ofAfrikaner Nationalism, Journar of Southern African Studies, vol 3, April1977, p 161.0.

1.

2.

_1.

+

5.

5.

Van Rooyen, J an J, Die Nasionale party _ Sy Opkoms en Oorwinning _ Kaaplarulse Aandeel, p 2.(Jnder a general amnesty non-commissioned rebels were released. [t was aheav-y factor against the rebel leaders, because with the tr.. oi. ;r;;;",much of the fight went out of their men, who quit and wenr home.The

-Making of a Nation, p 95 (from which theluk of the account of therebellion was taken).

Ibid. p 102.Ibid. p 103.

O'Meara, Dan, The Afrikaner-Broederbonil 1927_194g: Class Vanguaril ofAfrikanu Nationalism, Journar of Southern African Studies, vol 3.

l:.g:.:._t,I J J S, t J du plessis as Denker oor Staat en politiek, p 9.Die P U Kaner, November 19 196g, p 5.

_Potgieter,_PJJ S, f .f du plessis as Deiker oot Staat en politiek, p 13.Letter to the Sunday Exytress, June 22 195g.Potgieter, PJJ S, I, -/ du plessis as Denker oor Staat en politiek, p 17.Ibid. p. 18.

51

Prime Minister Barry Hertzog. The first outspoken opponent of the Broedetbond'

52

2 Hertzog

The morning of November 6 193s dawned fresh and clear in theorange Free State. In the dusty rural constituency of Smithfierd,there was much activity b".rur. that afternoon the member ofParliament was to-make a speech. A, ,ry time this would havebeen a highlight of the local farmi.rg .o--rnity,s year. On thisoccasion interest w-as heightened bec"ause the Mphad beenilr andthe meeting put off seveial rimes.The MP was the. prime Minister, General Barry Hertzog, the

'eteran Boer campaigner and an architect of the guer,ra tr.ir.. th.ragged farmer army had used with devastating"effect .g"irrrt th.British s.ome 30 years previously.Now in coalition with Generri S-.rtr, he was ardently pursuingthe goal of national unity in south Africa, trying to werd English-speakers and Afrikaans-speakers into one air*irr..Jo-, pi.ag.ato put "Sourh Africa Firsr." The Fusion policy of the,'.,io no..generals was proving a viabre and vibrant force in South Africanpolirics.But there were new forces growing among Afrikaners; restless,:ebclli ou s mu *eri n gs a gainst th. r..olr.iliation potiti.r-ol H..,rogand Smuts; forces of exirusive nationalism thatianted nothing todo with outside, foreign influences; fb;."r thdt in their time wourddestroy both Hertzog and Smuts. It was a new nationalism on themarch under the banners of D F Malan and sim,ar interectuars in-

:l:d1"q TJ van der}le.*.,.T E Donges, Eric Louw, C R Swarr,-lG Strijdom, HF Verwoerd.r o

This new breed of nationalists had little in common with rhe:\\'o g.enerals governing South Africa at the tlm.. fh.f i;.[;; *r.experience, they had been born in the platterand, and had studiedar South African and European universities. They had becomenembers of a new politic.al intelligentsia emanating f.o_ th.::trgerstand. The remodelled Natiorril er.ry held thei, ,og.rfr.r,rut so did an older and in a sense more inclusirr. org.rirJin, ,fr.'\irikaner Broederbond.z

53

By 1935 the Broederbond was a flourishing concern. Its mem-bership had grown from small beginnings in the Transvaal 17

years previously, to include members from all the provinces aPart

from Natal - disparagingly known as the last bastion of the BritishEmpire. By 1935 it had harnessed to its exclusive nationalist, re-publican cause significant numbers of farmers, civil servants, rail-way workers, budding businessmen and politicians. It also en-joyed the support of a large number of Afrikenet dominees and

schoolteachers. With the spiritual and educational leaders well and

truly in the fold, it was beginning to shape uP as a durable Powerin South African affairs. At that stage, South Africa as a whole was

unaware of this growing force in its midst. The secrecy on whichthe organisation's founding fathers had so strictly insisted ensured

that.However, when the sun set over Smithfield that clear Novem-

ber day the carefully nurtured, closely guarded secrecy lay shat-

tered. The venerable old Boer general, Hertzog, had launched a

blistering attack on the Broederbond and poured scorn and con-tempt on its creators' claims to be better Afrikaners than anybodyelse.

The echoes of that speech, delivered in a strained and croakingvoice by Hertzog, who was suffering from a throat infection, were

to reverberate around South Africa for years to come. Even today,the organisation must look back at what became known as the

Smithfield address with a shuddering distaste for the unwelcomememories it recalls. Smithfield was a watershed for the Broeder-bond, from which it has never fully recovered. It launched a wave

of suspicion and mistrust which has worried the organisation ever

since.It also marked the beginning of the end for Hertzog, who had

given his all for his people and country. At Smithfield he joinedLattle with a force that was to prove more than a match for himand drive him into lonely defeat. Author W A de Klerk3 sets the

scene. "For more than 30 years, Hertzog had accepted the growingburden of serving his people and country . . . In the Anglo-BoerWar he had been among the successful commando leaders whohad invaded the (Cape) Colony, and had ultimately managed to

establish Boer control over a large part of the north-western terri-tory . . . He had led a ragged band of burghers over the endless

Karroo, often being forced to proceed on foot, because ofhorse-sickness. In many encounters with the British, his commando had

54

;r

I

miraculously survived. His most notable victory had been the cap-ture of Calvinia onJanuary 101901. This rown was later to be rep-resented in Parliament by D F Malan. Meanwhile, his wife hadsuffered deeply in a Britiih concentration camp.

- "Afrer the war, 1n

tle days of the Orange River Colony, he hadfought and won tfr; !at{e for equality -of tn. hrrg,rrgl, in theschools. At De wildt, in 1912, he had stood under a korri tree andhad announced his championslip of the eie (literaly, own). Allwho gave their unconditionar royalty to South Africa, he said,were Afrikaners. rn 1924, he had formed a most ,.r..".rfrr coari-tion. with the English-speaking Labourites. He had fought for andestablished iron and steer and other industries. He had'e*pandedthe-railways. He had cared for the dispossessed of his p.oil.. H.had foug^ht, against-the most impassioned oppositior, fo, ,national flag. He had been the decisive facror u.u"a dominionY:t.ig".independence and diminishing colonialism. SouthAfrica had been hit by drought and depresslon and his people hadsuffered. He himself had gone thro,rgh difficult times, t.rti. hrdalways survived. He was itil deeply,"reverentry attached to the eieand to the ideal of national unity.-fe visualised both great culturaltraditions flowing in two parallel streams. With Sriuts, he hadfound amodus vivendi. ffrgf were fully agreed on the d..i .r...rr_ity of encouraging a rrue South African rpi.it, a feering oinationalselcrespect. After the many years of un..r.rrtirg pofifrcar .o.rni.r,the. country overwhelmingly supported Fusion.

"The only serious opposition iame from the cape Nationarists,::9:.^lh: leadership of Malan. In a speech ,t St.ll*bosch onJune29 7934, Malan had openly accused H..trog of dealing on his owninitiative with Smuts, who had been rejecled Uy tfrJrrott,-rt th.c.ost of principle.'principles?, Hertzog angrily erpostulatei. Wn",,1i1,,r^n_,"*

noliti;af porirnus know ,bort principles when rheyrrDelted a man ot the stature of Smuts in the way they did? They,the Malanites, were, ac_cording to themselv.r, ,h. o'rrtfi..r. U._lievers. Hertzog himself had b*ecome .rhe poor old gere.rl ...,

"Hertzog himself gave no quarrer. His intolerancei"J r.rg.y i"-vective towards his former political comrades remained "urrr,.r.-

passed' His abhorrence was unmirigated and ."-fr"i.. urh",,Hertzog was to inquire with mou"nting bitterrr"rr, h"d th...'super-nationalists' ever done for their country to warrant theirfantastic claims? All they ever seemed to do, t . -igii t rrr.rhought, was to gather in the Koffiehuis in Cape To*"n. There

55

they sat, morning after morning, listening to the pronouncementsof a man who had watched the Anglo-Boer war from the comfortof the Netherlands (Verwoerd) . . .

"Hertzog was right in judging the behaviour of the new politi-cal intellectuals as being - to use a modern term - one-dimen-sional. They were concerned only with Afrikaner ascendancy in anAfrikaner nation. But he was wrong in trying to explain every-thing in terms of an unadorned power struggle. What he failed torecognise was the intimation of revolutionary thought among thepolitical intellectuals of the expanding burgerstand. Increasingly itbecame for him a personal struggle. In the Koffiehuis, discussionstended to be directed to the idea of a completely new South Afri-can order. It would not only be a republic, it would be anAfrikaner republic of a particular kind. Its shape could not yetclearly be seen, but it would be fundamentally different from whathad always been obtained. What was being discussed in the KoCfiehuis was only a reflection of ideas being deeply considered inthe Broederbond ..."

On November 7 7935 at Smithfield, then, Hertzog went to theheart of the new force spreading unease in the South African pol-itical scene - the Broederbond itself. Said The Star's headlines thatafternoon: "Aims of the Afrikaner Broederbond - Secret SocietyBacked by Nationalists - Dangerous Policies - Folly of Domi-nation By One Race in LJnion." The following morning, the RandDaily Mail followed up in the peculiar, multi-tiered headlinesfashionable at the time: "Premier Denounces UndergroundRacialism - Secret Anti-British Broederbond Attacked - Misuseof Voortrekker Movement Alleged."

The Star, from which the bulk of this account is drawn, beganits report: "In his speech at Smithfield this afternoon, the PrimeMinister, General J B M Hertzog, referred at length to a secretsociety, known as Die Afrikaner Broederbond, and pledged to se-

cure dominance of South Africa by the Afrikaans-speaking sec-tion, or, as it had appeared recently, by the 'purified NationalistParty.'

"In this organisation, which had originally been cultural, butwas now frankly political, Dr Malan and his lieutenants wereprominent members. The Broederbond, stated the Prime Minis-ter, sought to advance its members in the civil service and in pol-itical life and to induce Afrikaners to buy only from shops ownedby Afrikaners.

56

f

,ti

fl

lts)rt

"General Hertzog described this rremp *o

.spread dis"uni on in ;. ;;J;;'ffilil i, tf :'ilifi;-ffi#L:l;neonle shoutd ur.r. ir,. u,itJ p-ti'ioriary.,,

consrituenr,,"-'.9*il,',";:;::ifl :,;il:.,ffi .i.[1:,lf

Ifl;,1:tudes" of his advancing years were'making ", i;.;;g impacton his life, he said. The"n h. i.rir-ri i.r,gg, with farming matrers,how to combat weeds ,"J *".-r, ,ural hou.ing scheles, pro_visions for labourers, the ava,ability of food, crothing and the" us u al neces si ties

:,f hf ,l, ;d;r, ;; rrl " r, ."lrii llllt*.r*rr r,the stare ojtlre gold mining r""*r"" Orosperity in the Union _ allmatters of vital imporrance to a Sorti, a[r*"i_..gir],i._ ,fr.debilitating y"r., of D.pr.rriorr.

-"""Y/inding up the "state^ of the nation" part of the speech, GenerarHertzog said no unnlejudic.a p.rrorr-.ould doubt that the successwhich had crowned the effor* oitrr.'corrernment and the circum-stances which had made these efforts possible were due above arlto the fact that the grave p.obr.m, which had been sorved so suc-cessfully *r* *rJ.

.rhe respon.iuiiiry, not of a party poriticalgroup, but of the whole. ,riion ioi".a together in one unitednational parry, and operatirg.ttr-,igt, a Government which couldact, and did act, as an autho-ritativetdy "" ilh;ii;i,ril in theinterests o{, the whole South anl."" i";on, rhe Afiik;;r_rpeak_ing as well as the English_rp.rki;;'r..riorrr.

, lmphasising the vitar imporr#.lr harmony and cordiar re-Iations between these rwo sections of the p;p;;;," i.r.rrtHertzog conrinued: "Unfo.tuna;;i;.;.- .roud, ,.. "rr..dy b._ginning to gather and, unress *;;; o"rr'or. guard, the foundationsof our whole state structu.re _ freedom, language equality and therest - will soon be wrenchea ,r""a., ,nd ou*trt. ,t.,r.ture willcrash ro pieces in its fall.

" w'hat do we see about us today? Restress and feverish attemptsin all directions to create dissension ,,,orrg the people; to inciteone race against the other in irreconc,abreiversil'r;; h"rr",o_wards each other; to exploit ""r."t*.rJan d ou r *li gior,'o.r, hi s tory r;J ;; ,J.ff;;tT' :I;,"J ;IT:H:of attack and for the purpose of fighting, libelling and abusing oneanother' The politicai pratform ir i" i.ig.r looked upon as a praceor opportunity for imparting informition o, gulirr." io tt.people, for reasonir

i.-",,*ii;Hi-".1;*r;,trT3;,.0,?,1*tr,J'r*-,ii.io,,

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57

"Why all this nervous excitement, these ill-mannered cad dis-plays? Does not every one of us feel that this is an unusualph.ro-eron, something foreign to the nature and character of the

Afrikaans-speaking South African? Why then this passionate poli-tical disorderliness, in which even fist assaults on men and de-

fenceless women are no rare occurrences? What lies behind all

these outbursts, accompanied by excessive political activities?,,That the division among the Afrikaans-speaking section of our

nation is the contributing cause towards all this misconduct and

nation-violation is responsible for this division among our people

is therefore of the greatest importance."We shall thereby not only discover with whom the fault lies,

but also what the aim and motives are of those to whom the guiltattaches, while we shall further be placed in a position to exercise

the necessary restraint on the mischief that is at present threateningour entire national existence."

At this point Hertzog quoted at length from previous speeches

by Malan showing that the latter had declared himself on numer-ous occasions to be in full support of attempts to unify English and

Afrikaans-speaking sections of the South African population.Then, said Hertzog bitterly, within four months of pleading fornational unity, Malan had spoken at the Federal Council of the

National Party in Pretoria, where, in collaboration with Dr N Jvan der Merwe, he did all in his power to wreck national unifica-tion. When he found he could not do this, he had isolated himselfin a separate party of purified nationalists. Instead of proceeding

with his plea for a united Afrikanerdom, Malan had suddenly

swung round and become the champion of division and con-

tro'r"iry among Afrikaners. He accused Malan of being motivatedby racial animosity in deciding not to take part in unification.

He went on: "Before I proceed to deliver proof of what I have

just said, however, permit me to inform you of a disclosure made

to me recently. It affects a secret society called Die Afrikaner Broe-derbond and the relation in which Dr Malan and other prominentleaders of the Purified National Party stand to the society. DieAfrikaner Broederbond is a society established in 1918. At incep-tion it was entrusted with the task of guarding the culturalinterests of Afrikaans-speaking Afrikanerdom, with the definiteprovision in its constitution: 'Party politics are excluded from the

Bond.'"No objection could, therefore, be raised against the Broeder-

58

F

ile

ll

bond restricting its membership to Afrikaans_speaking persons,and I want to accept that, as , pirr.iy ."r,.rr.i-Loirl'iir.tu"ro a,agood work."So long as the Bond remained a purely cultural body, withpurely cultural objects, no prrti*lar objection courd be takenagainst its establishment as , ,..r., ,oli.ry, except that it might bemisused - as so often happens with-secret organisations, owing totheir nature - for purpoiei other than its defined objects and thusbecome,a danger..(Jnfo_rtunar.fy, iti, was precisely what wassoon to happen with the Bond. tnihe rong run party politics couldnot be kept out of it and as the influence and politicar views of acertain secrion in our pub-lic life gained ,r..rrJffilrlfr. nora, i,was converted from a cultural to , prrty politicai o.grrirrrior."ln August 1932, the Broederbon'Jhrip.o...d;";;; alongthe road of Darrv oolitics ,rr"r rrr..i.lrman of the Execurive coun_cil, which ii th" t'igher,

""-rfr*iif;;;. Bond, could, as chairmanof the Bond's congress' make the following statement with thegeneral approvar of.the congress. iour Afrikaner Broederbondmust not withdraw its hand from the curtural work, -...ry u.-cause sufficient vigilant defenders t,o. ro* come to the fore. Butfor a start, provision has been made for thr, p.l_rry ,.ri"rlf ,..a."'In conformitv with this new ,ii,rrtio, we find that the Broe_d,.lb:id is g.adually TlkiTg orr., it, *ltural work to its consider_ablv bigger son, rhe FAK{"and i ;tt;I that we ,rr"riJ il'".ri.,gwisely if we pursue this cours.

"tro .i-iiis Bond council. I considerthat narional curture and national *;if";. cannor unfold fuly if thepeople of South Africa do not ,lro corstitutionally sever allforeign ties.

"'After the culturar and economic needs, the Afrikaner Broeder-bond will have to devote its attention to the constitutionar need ofour people. Added to that, the objective must U. ., .rrir.ty lrra._pendent, genuine Afrikaansr"r- lrgoi..rr-.n, for South Africa. . . a form of government which . . . tf,.orgh its embodimenr in anown personal head of Srate, bone of our bJre and n.rr, .i"". n*r,... will inspire and cement us to irresistible u.rity "rrd

rir..rgtt.,"Bur the Bond was soon to proceed _rJ tu;;iiJ;iJ*,irl or_itical course. On lanuar y t6 tci34 a circular le*er was irrr?Jiy tfr.highest executivi authority .i in.'ii."a, namery, the ExecuriveCouncil, signed by the .hai.marr, e.of..ro.; C van Rooy, and thegeneral secretary. Mr I M LombarJ. -

fni, lerter, which wasdirected to all members of the n.J, ..ras as follows, ,Our test for

59

brotherhood and Afrikanership does not lie in a political direction,but . . . in aspiring after the ideal of a never-ending existence of a

separate Afrikaans nation with its own culture."'It has been made sufficiently clear at the previous meeting of

the Bond council that what we expect of members is that theyshould have as their object the Afrikanerising (verafrikaansing) ofSouth Africa in all aspects of its life. Brothers, your ExecutiveCouncil cannot tell you to promote party political fusion or union,or to fight it . .. but we can appeal to every brother to choose inthe party political sphere that which, according to conviction, ismost helpful for the Bond's object and the Bond's ideals as out-lined above and as is known to you all.

"'Let us focus our attention on the fact that the primary con-sideration is whether Afrikanerdom will reach its ultimate destinyof domination (baasskap) in South Africa. Brothers, our solutionfor South Africa's ailments is not that one party or another shallobtain the whip hand, but that the Afrikaner Broederbond shallgovern South Africa.' (The organisation began recruitingAfrikaner Nationalist political figures about 7934. Among the firstnationalist MPs to join the Broederbond were D F Malan, C RSwart,J G Strijdom, NJ van der Merwe, and H F Verwoerd.Later, through the organisation's active participation in the Re-publican struggle, "the Afrikaner Broederbond bound itself moreclosely to the national organising of the political struggle for Statepower ..." The document also boasts that after the clash withHertzog, "with the leadership of the National Party ... in thehands of Broeders, the Afrikaner Broederbond was in the fortu-nate position of being able to discuss any differences of a seriousnature with our Broeder leaders in the political field . . ." Still laterin the document, in a remarkable example of "double-talk", thestatement is made: "The Afrikaner Broederbond as a non-partypolitical cultural organisation devotes its support more and moreto the National Party's political struggle ...")

"In order to realise the precise tendency and meaning of thewords I have just quoted from the address of the chairman andfrom the circular of the Executive Council of the Bond, it must beexplained here that a person, in order to be admitted to member-ship of the Bond, must conform, inter alia, to the following de-mands: (1) He must be Afrikaans-speaking; (2) His home languagemust be Afrikaans; (3) He must subscribe to the ideal ofa never end-ing existence of a separate Afrikaans nation with its own culture.

60

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"As stated by professor van Rooy, Mr du pressis and others onvarious occasions, the word 'Afrikaner' in Broederbond circresconveys the exclusive idea of a Dutch Afrikanerdom. This is arsomade abundantly clear in the constitution and other articres of theBond.

"Now, when we consider that wherever these two potchefs-troom ministers of religion use the words ,Afrikaner,

and'Afrikanerdom', they mean Afrikaans_speaking Afrikar.r rrrdAfrikaans-speaking- Afrikanerdom, and --h"., we" consider, more-over, thar the membership of the Broederbona i,,t.i.ify.orrfir.dto Afrikaans-speaking p.r.orrr, then the words of professor vanRooy as well as those of Mr du plessis, allow of no doubr as towhat is intended by it all.

"The Broederbond's high ideal and aspiration, according towhat they rhemselves inform us, is ,o L, Af.ikaans_sfeakingAfrikanerdom attain domination in South Africa, ,J r"'g., ,t.Afrikaans-sp-eaking Broederbond to govern South Africai veryq.^.!!y, surely! Flattering ro the soul of Afrikaans_speakingAfrikaners such as yo.,

"rd I! But it suffers f.o- orr. grJat defi_ciency - a deficiency that musr of necessity lead to the d"ownfarl ofthe

.Afrikaans-speaking Afrikanerdom itself, if this form ofAfrikaner jingo selGgl&ification is persisted irr. tt is forgott"r, thrtthere. are also English-speaking Af.ikane.s in South Africa, whoare also entitled to a place in tLe South African sun.

"when will that foorish, fatal idea cease with some people thatthey are the chosen of the gods to govern over all others? TheEnglish-speaking section has tried thls with the Afrikaans-speak-ing section, but they did not succeed. The Afrikarrrr_rf.rtlrrg ,.._tion has also tried it.with the English_speaking ,..tiorr, but theyalso have failed. Neither the one n"or the tth.. i,ill ever succeed ina policy of domination, and where the potchefstroom fanaticism isout once again to incite Afrikaans-speaking Afrikanerdom to arepetition of the pasr, I want to ask Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaner-d.: . !V ow1 people - whether South Africa has nor sufferedsufficiently in the pari f.om Afrikaner strife and dissensioni-i*rr,to,ask you whether our ranguage and our freedom are of so rittlevalue and significance to us ihaiwe shourd once again ,trk. it ir, ,g.*1" from pure racial animosity and fanaticism"?

"When I exclaimed, 'y.Iy pretty, surely flattering to the soul ofthe Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaner srrch ,s you and I,, I had unfor_runately forgotten one thing - that it is clear f.o- ih. p.oririor*

61

of prescriptions of the Broederbond as well as from the circularletter of the Executive Council, and of Professor van Rooy, thatwhere they speak of the Afrikaner, or of Afrikanerdom, whichmust dominate in South Africa, you and I, who are not brothers,are not included. You and I will have to be satisfied that we shall

never have the privilege to share in the Broederbond dominationin South Africa. We are not Afrikaners.

"But, what is more, not even all the brothers count as Afrikan-ers or are considered worthy of sharing in that superlative privilegeof domination. According to the test laid down by the Executive

Council and Professor van Rooy, for true Afrikanership nobodycan have a claim to Afrikanership other than persons who have set

themselves the ideal of the Afrikanerising which excludes the

English language and the English-speaking Afrikaner. The Fusion

brother, rrrih.i you and I, and any other protagonists of national

unity are isolated from the privileged circle of true Afrikaners Pre-dcstined by professor van Rooy and his Executive Council fordomination in South Africa.

,.By this opening address of Mr du Plessis and the circular letterof the Execuiive Council signed by Professor van Rooy, the cul-tural mask of the Afrikaner Broederbond has been removed, and ithas entered the political arena with no ambiguous battlecry. As

will be clear to you in a moment, the Broederbond has been con-

verted into a secret purified National Party that is occupying itselfwith that secret propaganda work for the promotion of the

interests of the purified brothers and of the purified NationalParty. As could be expected, the Bond has been put at the disposal

of the Purified National Party in ever increasing measure since

19325 and its doors have been thrown wide to all who can pass as

leading or prominent purified nationalists. But the wider the doors

of the Bond are opened for the purified part!, the tighter they are

closed on the Uniied Part!, so fhat since 1932 not a single leadingpolitical person taking an active part in politics and belonging to

the United Party, has been taken up by the Bond."The membership list of the Broederbond has been swelled al-

most exclusively by prominent musket-bearers and propagandists

of the Purified National Party. The Broederbond has, since that

time, fallen almost exclusively into the hands of the purifiedNationalists, while all brothers not belonging to the purified partyhave been pushed aside as far as possible. It is the purified national-ist brothers to whom must be ascribed the fact that the Bond, since

62

that date' has been misused in various ways for purposes and ob-jects for which it was never intended and which havi shocked theGelings of right and justice or tho.. .-ong the brothers who donot belong to the purified N"tr""ri party to such an exrent thatsome were obliged to take part in acdve protest."I have just said that sinci tg3zti. nora has been praced moreand more at the disposal of the il.ifi;JN;ffi;;#'"1i ir, ou_jects' How, it is asked, was this porriut" without,i"3"irir.r.*r-edge of the Fusion brothers i" tl. goral

"The answer is simple. The non_pu.ified section who wereknown not ro svmpathise *itr, pr.in.d poritics or known to be ac-tive Fusionists' were .simply G;;;;; and shunn.J ;;-

"por,"r.brothers and kept in the d".i "r";"; as possibre as ro whar wastranspiring. where, thus, it concerned -"tt"., - ,rr.Li.iests ofthe purified National party-, ,rr.y *... "ot consulted, and were leftin ignorance of what was'beini dor..

"How easy it is for a sectiorio. branch to intrigue to its heart,scontent is evident when I telr you that it is an instiu.tio., to everymember of the Bond that each member must be well known toevery other member in his section. Everyone knows, therefore,who is a Fusionist or not, and who must be shunned as apostate.No marter what the curturar object il;;;;i;.Tf,ikanerBroederbond mav have been in t'h. prri, i. the light of whar I havesubmitted ,o yo, here today, ,h..;;, be no doubt that in theBroederbond we now hrrr. tL'do ;i,i; secret poriticar society ac-cessible only ro,

"rrq consisting ;"iy^ of Afrikaans_speakingAfrikanerdom to domination i., S"orr* africa, ignoring thi rightsand claims of the English-sperki.rg ,..tion of our population . . ."of this secret Broederbtna, .,rirri.i has as its ideal dissensionamong the Afrikaner nation, through the excrusion of the Englishsection from the government of the land, Dr Malan has been amember and brother since coalition. ti -rrt be clea. to .,o.ryorr.rvhy Dr Malan was suddenly .orrr.rt.d from , p;;;;ri ro ,.,antagonist of Afrikaner nationar unity. F{i, memb.rffi""r ,rr*anti-English movemerrl of. .r...rrity'.ompelled him to departfrom .the pglicy of national

""iiy, '*l,rrl.h

i";i;;^ rr,.irgrtr,_speaking Afrikaner; he was r"rtrr!. compered by his connecrionrvith the Broederbond to pursu";;;;r.re of narionar divisionand strife."Three things emerge crystal clear from what I have just di_vulged: (1) that membership of this ....., society is entirery in

conflict with co-operation for the establishment of a unitedAfrikanerdom of English-speaking and Afrikaans-speaking sec-

tions; (2) that Dr Malan, by becoming a member of this secret

society, had of necessity to become disloyal to his earlier doctrineof a united nation and had of necessity to refuse co-operation withthe United Partyi (3) that when Dr Malan denies that he was influ-enced, and is still influenced, in his refusal to co-operate with the

United Party and national unity, by racial animosity and the desire

to dominate over the English section of our population, he makes

an inaccurate statement."The question with which I commenced my address on this

subject has now been answered. !7e know now decidedly whoand what is responsible for the national division and strife amongus. What a pathetic figure Dr Malan strikes in this sorry episode ofour national history!

"But what I have said here about Dr Malan applies no less to his

first lieutenants, Dr van der Merwe, Advocate Swart, the Rever-end C W M du Toit, Advocate Strydom and Messrs Werth, Hay-wood, Martins and others, all members of the Broederbond and

thus all obliged, with Dr Malan, not to suPPort any national unityin co-operation with the English section of our fellow citizens . . .

"'We see now in what close relationship the Afrikaner Broeder-bond stands to the Purified National Party. The leaders and mov-ing spirits of the one are the leaders and the moving spirits of the

othei. There can be no doubt, therefore, that the secret Broeder-bond is nothing less than the Purified National Party busy work-ing secretly underground, and that the Purified National Party isnothing but the secret Afrikaner Broederbond which conducts itsactivities on the surface. Between the two, the unification ofAfrikanerdom is being bartered for a republican-cum-CalvinisticBond.

"By departing from the sphere of national culture and mixing inpolitics, the Afrikaner Broederbond has shed its youthful innoc-ence and has suddenly become a grave menace to the rest and

peace of our social community as well as to the irreproachable pu-rity of our public life and of our civil administration, even where itoperates in the economic-cultural sphere.

"To realise the nature and extent of the danger with which we

are now being threatened by the secret machinations and activities

of the Broederbond, it is necessary for me to impart to you certain

information from secret documents of the Bond regarding its or-

64

d

t:I

ganisation, members.and several other particurars. The strictnesswith which the Bond,s ;ri;tr;;; kept a secrer appears from thefact that only very.fe* p.;;.;;;"roo._ its organisation know of itsexlsrence, although it has existed i", tl y#r;;;""ithigh th...:,,'"f :i"#::.1;;l?-"';[Jh*ia.i,,i*i".;il'::,i,,op",-

"The members of the nr""Jrr. ""t-many - at the outside 2000.But the power of the n."J l".r

".r.tie in its ;;ffip, but inIts secret organisatio", *hi.h. -foi'.

whole F.e. s"tat. riI. , ,;;;i';; il:,ill.";"l'.:H:$r:;il::rix,*,li#ffi',Tli.rx;:;li.ori,,ro,-,;;;";;,,vso*[: #$*::;T:1':1 ii' i; " "

r [,i7;"1]i ffi ::il: .l;:?3Htra-

^"i';i ;;;;:6nature similar to thaiemploved ;;;i, votksb-

"In this network of secret-propaganda lies the main power andinfluence of the Broederbonal Nir"r"r.l; l; #. i, ir,.,ilr, _r_ne*ed secrerrv with a- numt".""i"irriitutions J.riu.rrr"ry .r_ploited by interestea p.riii.*", ""i'r.-"roriticians to be used se_cretly as instrume,t' fo. ,rr" rrrirr.*nce of secret motives. TheFederasie van Afrikar"r" [rrirr?"'.J.rrrrrgs, the Handhawers_Bond, the Helpmekrr., tt.-il;;;;.rr, tle Republican Bond,the Calvinistic Bond _ Af tfr.rel" ,irrr., how useful and neces_sary some of them may be to th. aniUrr.. nation ,rd it, irt.r.rtr,

ii.". :l.J,.rH : ?,1;:: j an d m i s u s e J.' ir,.", gh ; ;

-#j# of th e

"Each member. under solcmn promise, is obliged to maintain*H[::::'il','.1i*, I ;r,,, * I ii i,l I* *. n

", a, ?,,-.*i,.,.",,,,B on d- is ;,;;# il ;j : ,:! {Hf,lilT ::i.1ffi :: j*yi:, il:members each, each,brr..r, rrr"irg"* i*n

"*..rtive and its owndomesdc rures' For the rest, ...rr'i?*.rr.srands by itserf and acts asits execudve thinks nt r, ,'r;;;l.p..rd.r, enriry, if neces_sary withour the knowf.ag. Jiih;;;r."Ar the head of the p"ni i, ,_E".i"rive Council of nine mem_bers elected annually uy trr. no.rl'.""".u or congress and vesr_ed with illimitabre bower or.o.rr.or o.l.r the affairs of the Bond.I,t"".'."r:i.* fij-'"' ;;;";;;" conc,erned musr under-

'' rn th e, ; ;;; ; ;:JJ:ft ll"'ffJ: :'r:,:,,H ?:m * ;;members of the Bond, l, i, f"lI-i.*r"t'hrt Urott ers must endeav_

our to support the interests of brothers, and that brothers should

support one another's undertakings as far as possible' The spirit ofp.ii.r.rr.. between brothers and their interests is obvious

ihroughout the rules of the Bond and controls the relationship be-

tween"brother and brother everywhere. So much so that in the

domestic rules of certain branches of the Bond, which have re-

ceived the approval of the Execurive council of the Bond, the fol-lowing, inti'alia, is definitely laid down: 'The promotion of each

other'i interests in the community . . . shall be the duty of Bond

members . . . brothers shall, wherever possible, support one anoth-

er's business by word and deed, and be one another's intercessio-

nary wherever the opportunity offbrs.',,'Even if the Broede.bo"d had never become a political society

and had contined to exist as a purely cultural body, gross injustice

would have been done whenever a brother furthered the interests

of a fellow brother along secret channels to the detriment of a non-

brother who might havi equal or greater claims to support' Hence

the Bond is a secret body with the strictest injunction against each

member to maintain the utmost secrecy of what happens, and it istherefore impossible to discover whai is transpiring behind the

scenes; there is no protection for the non-brother against the secret

supporters of the brother."i*".rlly, there is nothing to prevent the Bond from being mis-

used as an instrumert of organiied injustice towards non-brothers

- or even as an instrument of organised action in conflict with the

best interests of the State and the public service'.,As an instance of how the Broederbond abuses its powers as a

secret political society, I must remind you of what.happened re-

cently *h.., the so-called Le Roux motiod was before Parlia-

-..ri. While the motion was being discussed, the Broederbond set

to work secretly and a secret organisation was set afoot by broth-

ers on the platteland for the purpose of making Pfo,nagala*n sup-

port of the motion. The b.oih.tt, encouraged by the Purified

irlationalists in Parliament, succeeded in manoeuvring matters in

such a way that numbers of telegrams were sent to practically

every platteland member of Parliament for the purpose of bring-

ing pressure to bear on him to supPort the motion'Y,,ihrorrgh this secret activity, the Bond endeavoured to create

the impression that the members of Parliament had to do with a

spontaneous expression of feeling on the part of the people of the

,irpe.ti,re const-ituencies. The Bond in this instance, therefore, de-

66

liberately assumed a rore-in a pray of deceit, by which it endeav-oured to influence the free ',rot. of members of parliament infavour of the purified Nationalists in parliament. The Broeder_bond, a secret society, deliberately availed itserf of its secret narureto mislead represenratives of the people of the union i., it. .r-ecution of their national duties.

"Another instance of the secret interference and the secret mis-use of the Broederbond is provided by the foilowing. irr. f".in.abrothers in parliament were apparentry .*ba..i'.s.d il capeTown recently by a lack of .o-op.rrtion among themselves on amatter in which it was desired thit they shourd it '.ror. rgrinst theGovernment. To obviate a similar o..Lrr.r.. in the future, someof the purified brothers, without the knowledg.

";;h;.Iiort...,agreed to avail themserves of the secret existence of the Bond withits secret authority and influence.

. "Suddenly one day the brothers in parliament received noticethat a cerrain gentleman from potchefstroom had been apfointed,or would be appointed, as political commissioner for the Bond in. Parliamenr, and that he hadbeen entrusred with the task of attend-ing the- sittings of parriament from a vantage point somewhere inthe,gallery, with power to issue instructions from time to time toParliamentary brothers, telling them how to vote etc. This was abit too much for the brotherl in parliament who were not pre_pared to submit themselves as puppets to a Bond dictator. Mutinyand revolt o1-the part of Fusion'brothers was the resurt, and theBroederbond had to pocket its commissioner

""a a.pr.i.

--

"The Fusion brothers in parriamenr deserve o,.r..i-frments.But I cannot help warning them that those who wish to dine withthe.devil musr provide tf,emselves with rong spoons. From thisagain it transpires how much the Bond and tle purified NationalParty is one and the same body, functioning in two ,.pr.rr. .o*_partments - the one underground and the other abor. ground."What is there to prevenr brothers seeking ,o proiroi. or.another's interests in respect of appointments rnd promotio.rs i,Cre public service to the tetri.rr..rt^of more deserving ,o.r_broth_trs? Has this not already happened without its being iiscovered? Iput it to you' what prot-ection have you and I anJ our children,*'ho are not members of the Broederbond, against th. _irrr. ofsecret inflrrence-by brothers whereby we are prevented from at_raining w_h1t i1 legitimately and righifully ouidue?

"This I do know, that trothers'have urged their prior craims

67

over non-brothdrs before responsible officials of the State, who are

also members of the Broederbond' If I understood the matter

aright, these claims of brothers went so far as to demand that the

f..-r..ipriors of the Broederbond should weigh more with broth-

ers occupying responsible positions than the legitimate rules of the

public ..*icI. Foitunately, these attempts failed' by reason of the

ior.rg.o* opposition which these presumPtuous demands met at

the hands of the officials concerned'

"lf the prescriptions of the secret manual of instructions to

which I have .ef.rr.d, or of the domestic rules of the branch

quoted by me, are strictly carried out, then a brother who has a

irop .r.r'lay claim to the suPPort of his fellow-brothers' This

would be a Bond obligation i' t)(ptt"td in the rules quoted by

me. Wherever an op..rIrg in the (public) service occurred' either

for an appointment'o. fol promotion, one brother would have to

exert himself to get a fellow-brother competitor appointed or pro-

moted..,ThiswouldbeaBondobligationintermsoftherules.Tothe

Broederbondandthebrotheritwouldmatterlittlewhatyourormy claims may be for support for our shop, or what t$--t you or

I may have to "r, ,ppoi.,tment or for promotion' We .are

not

broth.r, and we thereftre do not count at all' In the meantime' we

,r. d.p.ir.d of the opportunity of acting honestly and openly in

ifr. pror..rion of o.r, ih."r,"t'td i,,tttt'is' All measures adopted

agri'rrrt us are conducted in secret, underground' where you and I

.irro, possibly discover what is being done to deprive us of what

is due to us.,.with reference to the Broederbond, I have to address a very se-

rious word to our teachers. Recently, I addressed a circle confer-

ence of the United Party at Oudtshoorn, and when the conference

had gone into committee, a number of persons unexpectedly com-

plairied of the parricipation of teachers in politics. At the end of the

discussion a, earnest^ appeal was made to me by a prominent del-

egate in the followirrg'ter*,'-'In the name of God' General' we

#oth"., appeal ,o yoJ to do all in your power to- prevent that our

children should be incited on the school benches against their

prr.rrrr. You have no idea how bad it has become''' i'Th... complaints of improper influence imparted by teachers

to children o, ih. school b.r.h.. have reached me before here in

the Free State. what are the facts of the case? If these allegations are

true, then all I can say is that a grosser and more serious abuse of

68

position and profession is hardly conceivable. whether it is true ornot, I cannot tell, but *t * r ioi.r"* i, that the number of teach_ers in the Broedrrb"rd .o-p.ir"l'-or. than one-third of theBond's membershrp."I know arso that there are very few towns or virages in theFree State where th. eonJ il ;;;r.r.ated for itself a litile nest offive or more broth.rr, *io _;;;. as the focal point for Bondpropaganda. I know furrhermor., iir, ,rr"r. l. rrrr-arri orr.. or th.r.nests on which one or more teachers are not broodins. Athat there is an averao" ;;^'-,:::::_'^"-":,ot Drooclrng. Assuming

n es rs in,h. F;. ;:ili.;i :*rJH i?:H:i"";* i:;lltli:,;activities and machinations ririrr.i.rng condu*ed by teachers inrespe* of the chirdren' when ,"-ri"l.r-ber of these subrerraneanpurified reacher Nati-onalist, i, ,il;i rh. ,rr*b", .i rr.i.." pr.r_fied teacher Nationalirrr, ,fr.rr;;imagine that the parents ofchildren from non-purified rro,,., uu have a to, to .orrlpiain of."Is this a condition "r.rrli;'';*;il;;ffi,;;;"ron'" ,,.,.1We have seen thar tr,. n.o.a.;;;;l. ",'i:i:::,:i,,ol :lu-hi ch ha s as i ts o bj e*,i; ;;;;;:"'T ;TTti_l*::l rHl.,jJsecdon over rhe rnglish_sperk;;;';;:;;"n, and whereby the nationhas been rorn aDarr into iissenr;;-; bitter strife."should one allow,t.,.r.i..r,;" are paid by the State toeducate the children of the ;r;i;;,',o ,Ur.. the opportunity rhusprovided them of coming irr,o .ori*i wlth the children, for thepurposes of commotion-al politi.li-;."prganda? But, what ismore' is it rieht that a teachei shourd [" ,ito-*.a, uy ,i.-[..rr,ipof the BroeJerbona ,o ..r..r"i"-l"r-rcar attitude rowards rheEnglish-speaking section orpr."rrr, *ior. ch,dren have been en-:rusted to his carc, be.aring i,i _lrJrlr" that the English_speaking

lliXr?-'il.:1:,;"""'s of the

""'t'"" as well ,, ,-h. adir,",,-

,,.$i"J[i:Tj:?lt' participation or some teachers in ordinary

t.r*.a,.*.;il;:i1r_r.**i:r:.J;:n:lr].J;ir;:l*:r::neasure of restraint _ nii trra t" U. fla"ged against this state of af_-irs. Now, however, ,i.;;;i;;;.#" has been creared in thenind of the parenrs of a secrer a.riorio,,on the part of the teacher:''' the ignoble task of brin--- ,il r"rri*, mind secretly into re--''olr against their oarenrr,1h."*rr"i. -l*er may eas,y lead to a::ost deplorabre ross of th'at ..ril;;r; !oodw,r, which the pub-:; has enterrained to*rrd, th-.;;;il;, l. , .lrrr.

69

"Membership of a secret society must of necessity immediately

place the p..ro, concerned in a position of suspicion' as against his

iellow b.irrgr, and cause him to be lowered in proportional

measure in that trust, if not the respect of his environment' Where

suspicions of that nature are evinied in the direction of parental

f.r, fo, corruption of the youthful minds of their children' they

will unfailingly give rise, in whatever measure, to a feeling of hate

and disdain.- i,Th. deeply unfortunate aspect of disdain or hate of this nature

is that it does not confine itselito the guilty individual, but spreads

andrapidlyembracesthewholeclasstowhichthatindividualbe-lorrgs.it is to be expected that this will be the outcome to teachers

as a class arising out of the relationship some of them bear to the

Broederbond."'W'here the teacher is today acting in secret' he must come out

into the open. There is nothing whfth requires the.clear daylight

so much to stay sound a. o,'itducation' The teaching class has

";; y.t ,ec.i'o.d anything but the- biggest and most upright

friendliness arrd ,erp.ct f.o,i -e, and aslong as they remain the

trusted keepers of in. happiness and education of the youth of

South Africa, they will .orriirrr. to receive that friendship and re-

spect from *.. 6.rt, as has again appeared here this evening by

what I have just ,aii, it .rrrrJt be expected from me that I shall

keep silent in regard io individual pedagogic abuses and misdeeds

o, ih. ground Jf -y goodwill towards the teachers as a class'

"That an outcry o.Irrtt every time I draw attention to abuses

and misdeeds perpetuated by individual teachers' as was the case at

the recent Free State Teactrers' Congress, cannot deter me from

doing my duty towards my nation'-I am prepared to leav.e it to the

judglment ol men arrd *tmtn who still harbour sentiments of

t ori.r,y and decency as to whether I was justified in speaking as I

did at ih. .orgr.r, i, Blo.mfontein two months ago and as I have

spoken here again todaY.^ ,,Suffice it firther for me here to impart a little communlcatlon

totheheadcommitteeoftheorangeFreeStateTeachers'Associ-ation that will interest them. In August of last year they were so

kind as to give me the unsolicited assurance' through their secre-

tary, that ih.y ,, a teachers' association have never taken part in

fa.ty politics and they did not approve the active participation of

i.r.h.r. in politics; further, that ttrey were not aware of teachers in

the Free State having actively participated in party politics'

70

lyris

Lat

reaI

:yte

:e

ls

's

e

tts

t3

t

-,,1#;::':3Jlt:- ::'urance' Now, h-owever, rhat better inror-,r,.y*"uli;;ii:X'J{J.iT:,:n::;,*I*ii}1;:,*:r,l#deceived and kepr i"

in9 arrt-Uy'iteir.fellow_t"r.h# who are

il:?E'.",lii;.:J""'rt?n:;i::,h.,d-;;;;i,,*'*irrorgiverh e m i n u te,

" a; Bj; d.ffi; ::I J::i J:;::,J"I y,1;". g"lnl:

;:*';'ff '::'J: :l il I .Tr "":i " i i""rt

"'a and partv p oii tr.,r mo-

,h,, .on f ."; ;: l,iij:1.fi';%i::,I# i;.*i*:k;ll;lrr,*d or so a.t.grt., i'rfuarr* six teachers from the Free"The facts I ha,r,,,*,ril,iil;'{Tl#fi :i"Jfl ,:.*lrrJJ,?,ff ,:,;:,ffi:possesses a sense of responsibilitv tie question: Has the Afrikanernation sunk ro ,o hopeibr, ;i;;;i tnrt it must seek its salvation insecret conclave for the furtherance o?r... hatred, or nationar dis_sension and of strife among b;;;.;;Is^there no higher aspirationfor the sons and arrgh;I;i;;;i'Africa, ,o .,o'r., task, thanthat of racial strifeanl air..rrr;oiii, ,1r"." no higher ideal for ourchildren ro attain rt r" .rrrri-"i."r.iri.a.rrination . . .?"We are confronted^1..r. iy , q""*i", ,frrr rff..i, not only theAfrikaans-speaking Af.ikaneL il;;. racial feelings of ill_willand aversion whic-h rr. r.irrl"* br'nrrrrn, D.orn-d..-M".*.and their followers, the same oirrt"" for racial domination, are

:1T,fl ,.:.T,Hf,

f,:i., J ;;;lhi;, M,J,,., cour t..,n J. r*a, rwick

"The one' as much as- the other, finds inspiration in brind raceanimosity, which .secretly r..t, ,r.iri domination and bossism!:::[?';;f ill1" 'r'"

L"'*'"n"i",.,, i,,,i,-.JJr,i. -o-resorr ro inevirabr.s

actuared and guided, !h.y _rri"il I".r,rrrly

,r,,,.",,,o,:ffi ;:X"Jfi ,,T,::::illiilt:',,.:,:;i,,.;ivitiesHitting out ar both the riil;#;onalisrs and coloner Star-lard's Dominion party r","*.." rr"'ir.rr.a that their exrremecourses courd lead to violence

""a- ""..rrralry, national ruin andself-destruction' He tr''"t.i cJ;;";. majority of South Afri-cans had demonstrat.d .l"r.ly thl, ,rr.,, sentimenrs were fully be_hind the United South anil" ^rv*irrt

er.ty, a srare of affairsthat he confidently predicted *";il';.ntinue. History shows,however, that he was wrong. In four y.;;;-il;;ril;X rrj,,, o,

7t

the war, Hertzog himself was in the wilderness and nine years

after that Dr Malan was Prime Minister of South Africa'

General Hertzog wound up his Smithfield address with the

*orarr "The Purified National Party, with its purified leaders'

now stand revealed in all their racial nakedness' covered only by

one single fig leaf: secrecY!"It wai out;t last. The Iiroederbond lay exposed and vulnerable'

It reacted in two ways: it burrowed deeper underground to repair

the broken defences of its secrecy; and it swore vengeance on Gen-

eral Hertzog.As large irmb.r, of Hertzog suPporters quit the organisation' a

special ,i".tirrg of the Broedeibond Executive was called and un-

dying vengeance sworn against the Prime Minister' He had com-

-ittJa the unforgiveable -rit

at'd a dire nemesis was planned for

him.8One of the first gratifying fruits of this vengeance campargn

came soon, when ltt. nt"J.rbond managed to force.General

Hertzog to withdraw from the centenary O>iwagon Trek in 1938'e

a terrible humiliation for the venerable Afrikaner and erstwhile

hero of the Free State.lo Later that year, the electorate gave over-

whelming support to the Hertzog-Smuts coalition' But the div-

isions among Afrikaners grew deeper'- G.t.rrl ri..oog, .rvt iit biogiapher C M van den Heeverll

was deeply ,orry iir, he could not bridge the-gap' He was' how-

.r.., .qrrily adamant that he would noisacrifice his firm belief in

urrity and co-operation between English and Afrikaner sections ofthe population - that unity he so

-ardently sought to achieve

through his rallying cry of South Africa First'

About this time] General Hertzog's son, Albert' was a hot-

blooded Purified Nationalist - and a member of the Broederbond.

on behalf of a group of young Afrikaner intellectuals, all of them

almost certainlf membeis of ihe secret organisation'. he wrote to

his father demanding action to restore Afrikaner unity' In reply'

Hertzog wrote a rem"arkable letter, which was released to the Press

at the ti"me, reaffirming his firm commitment to foster good Eng-

lish-Afrikaans relations."I want to assure You," he wrote to his son and the young intel-

lectuals, "that under no circumstances will I ever in politics give

my co-operation to people who are not prepared 1o 1e.cog.nise

and

,...p, the principle of .omplete equality and equal rights between

our Afrikaans- and English'-speaking national components on the

72

!

T

T

1

E

I

m

f,,u

E

ff

cil,d

ILnTrI

IrId

ears

theers,

by

ble.

rairen-

basis laid down in the programme of principres of rhe unitedParty."He too longed for the unity of the Afrikaans_speakers, but wasnot Prepared to buy that uniiy at a price which *o.rtJirr.rritablydoom the whore ofAfrikaneio- ,ot.., endress condirion of divi-son and dissent with eventuar sel.destruction as its resurt. Ar-though he did nor go so far

", ,o r.-. the Broederbond in his let-ter, it was a clear repudiation of th. ,..tional interestrii. orgrrlr_ation was energetically pursuing

"rJ-.,r, have strengthened theorganisation's deep antagonisrn-and, correspondingly, its resolveto exact revenge.world war Two intervened, however, and for a short wh,e theBroederbond suppressed its drive ro repay its debt ro Herrzog. Fora time they were in accord: both ui.trog and the Broederbondwere implacablv opposed to South Africa's entry into the war,rvhile Hertrog,, Frrion pr.,n..,l_ra., argued strongly for in_volvement' The matter was put to parrament and Hertzog,s neu-trality modon was de*atea riv ao

""i.s to 67. Hertzog resigned asPremier; Smuts took over trr. ."i"r "t government and immedi-ately began ro prepare for war. rr..tro-g ,.rd Malan .r_. iog",t ..rn a brief bur uncomfortable ,rrio, irr lhe form ;i rh;;;"nigdeNasionale parrv. But the nro.J..Uorra hrd ,oi fb.;;;;,mith_n.,^o

-1i1 :n..camp"ign .to a.rtroy tl..'rrog proceeded..r wnrspenng campaign was started to1[" effet thar Hertzogwas a member of the Freemasons, an iron-ical charge r, ,fr. flgrr, "fhis Smithfield attack on the B.;;;..b""d. According ro C M vanden Heever, Herzog,s Ul"g.rpi.., Itl ,o_.rtted Freemason Let_rers used against Hertzog *.." supptsedly found in a box inBloemfontein. Accordirq":. ,h. .-ir';; against Hertzog they re_

'ealed a plan bv him ,nJ s.rt, ,".riruiiJ; il;ir;rrl|r0,,..The malicious smear srory was skilfury spread by a "confidentiar,'n'hisper campaign (Geneiaal J n tut i'rnrrg, pp7221).It was an effecdve tactic a-nd th. finar act of vengeance by theBroederbond. In 1940, ?ll"*r;-;f,ir'.orrr,r_mate plotting andmanoeuvring' Her*og fa,ed to"secure erecdon as chairman of}e_HNP

.olg:1r in iloemfo"*r", , i.grading snub right on hishome gound. When English_Afrikaans relarions _ the ideal to'"i'hich he had devoted ro"-".r, oi'iir i"ri,i.rr career - was made:n issue, he walked out of ,h"-.o.rg..rli., al.g,rrt. On December:1 1940' G-e,neral Hertzog and his"trusted friend, confidante and-leutenant, Klasie Havenga, resigned as members of parliament.

Dr3

un-m-for

Lgn

:ral8,,Lile

er-iv-

rl1iv-inofve

)t-d.mto

v,ss

,-

,l-

/e

rd

)n

le

73

He was approaching a devastatingly lonely road' Hertzog was

thereafter ti,rt""d and rejected by the Afrikaners whom he had

loved and served through war, famine and hardship, and whose

cause he had sought to further in the way he considered best:

union with the English-speaking section of the population'Hertzog withdrew to his farm Waterval, where he lived in soli-

tary seclusion. c M van den Heeverl2 described his new lifestyle

poignantly.ls^ ,i)., the farm General Hertzog was now alone, and the rare vlsl-

tor that in a time of petrol shortage arrived there must have been

deeply struck by theloneliness in which the former Prime Minis-

,., .ro., lived as the simple farmer of Waterval' In his woodcut-

ter's jacket he was ,o-"ii..r.. to be seen on his horse as he rode

throtigh the warm fields of his huge farm; then again, he gave

*o.k1o a native close ro the house and there he stood by, a thin

and made-lonely figure amongst the thorn trees'"

One night, "1or.]

he arrived at a Pretoria hospital and-asked to

be admitt*ed. The nurse, taking down personal details, did not rec-

ognise the frail, bespectacled man with a bushy moustache standing

bJfo.. her. He grrri hit name as J B M Hertzog, farmer' Shortly

afterwards, o.r 21 November 7942, back on his farm Waterval, he

died.After Hertzog's death the Broederbond tried to claim that he

had come to accept the organisation. They obviously realised that

they could not break his image and that history would judge him

,, or. of the greatest Afrikaners ever. It was assertedla that after

the Smithfieldlddress rwo executive members of the organisation

had had a meeting with him where they had enlightened him

about the "real" faits of the Broederbond and had convinced him

of its innocence.That he found some modus viyendi with the Broederbond is,

however, unlikely. Its ideals and his were too far apert' As far as

can be ascertained, he never retracted anything he said at smith-field and ir seems highly improbable that his forbearing to follow

up his Smithfield attack .r, t" ascribed to tacit approval of the or-

ganisation whose objectives he so staunchly scorned'

1.

2.

-r.

De Klerk, W A, The Puritans in Africa, p 714'

ibid, p 114.

The Puritans in Africa, PP 115-117.

74

4. Federasie van Afrik:s il;;;il ;;:H: :JliltJ;TH'3,1-.1; :\ewslafers sympathetic to the Nationalists, cause.t '

'.eft ot the no-confidence debate in 1g35, it was vehementry anti-Fusion.8. Malherbe, E G, Education in South alriro,' iot 2 p 24.9. See chapter 4.

10. Malherbe , E G, Education in South Africa, vol 2 p 29.11. CeneraalJ B M Hertzog, pgg7.12' A fascinating aspect oivan den Heever's biography is that it nowhere men-tions the Broederbond. Even in rt.

"..o*r tf the Smithfield address thereare no references ro the organisation, raising the possibilij ,frr, "r, a.,Heever was a member.13.. C_eneraal J B M Hertzog, pp 75g_759.74. Hansaril, March 21 19t5, Col 3919.

75

Smuts

No sooner had the Broederbond disposed of Hertzog than a new

and even more dangerous enemy appeared' He was General Jan

Smuts. If Hertzog'i years as Fusion Prime Minister had been

marked by Afrikaner division, Smuts's rise to Power heralded

prolonged and bitter hostility. 'ivorld war Two, the issue on

which h. .rrr. to power, split the country's white factions far

apart.A great many Afrikaners vigorously condemned Smuts's deter-

-ir#o., that South Africa should participate in "England's war".

For some this feeling went even further, to an open sympathy

with the Nazi cause. Hitl..'t quick climb to ascendancy greatly at-

tracted a number of Afrikaner Nationalists, as did developments in

Nazi Germany. So much so, in a number of cases, that a feeling ofgeneral sympathy was translated into active suPport for

b..-rry', tt*ggi.. The Broederbond numbered among its ranks

many ,uch ,upforters. The organisation which had striven in cul-

tural matterr io k..p English- and Afrikaans-speaking elements

apart, and thus reinforce Afrikaners of an exclusive Afrikanerdom,

,..arrged for a few selected Afrikaans students to go to Germany

,rrd ,Iudy methods employed there in the education of the nation's

youth.lDr Nico Diederichs2 was one who went across to study and re-

port, and qualified as a quisling in the Nazi's Anti-Komitern train-

irrg ,.t oot.t According [o Malherbea who was Smuts's Director ofMltta.y Intelligence, as early as 1934 Hitler had sent a spy to

South Afri.r, . G..*rt professor, Graf von Duerckheim Mont-martin, to ascertain *hat elements in South Africa could be relied

upon to collaborate with Nazi Germany in the event of a war with

Great Britain.His findings were said to have been sent to Hitler in a'secret re-

porr. A .opy" of this report was found by South Africa's military

intelligence among the papers seized at the headquarters of the

Germln diplomatic ..p..rirrtrtive in South West Africa in 1940

76

-

3\^/

an

en

ed)n:ar

when the South African forces moved in. The report stressed, irleralia, the furtherance of German Kurtur by means of subtle propa-ganda and by encouraging South African students to go roGerman universities, ,rrd tL. exploitation of anti_Engtirt s.rtiments among Afrikaners. Von Duerckheim held , p.oriir.rrr pos_ition in von Ribbentrop's organisarion during ,6r'1,894i worldwar. He was, however, liquidated towards the end of the warwhen it was found that he had a Jewish grandmother. Dr Mar-herbe goes on: "with south Africais particfuation in the war, anti-British feelings flared up with ,.r"ied f.rrro.rr. A number ofprominent Afrikaner leaders became openly pro-Nazi and foundexpression of their ambitions in flamboyant organisations such asthe Grey Shirts and the ossewabrandwag. The iatter o.gr.rirrtior,under the leadership of Dr Hans van Re"nsburg, *r, op'."iy _ifitant and opposed to General Smuts's war effort. H. roo, countedmore members than there were in Smuts,s army. Among thesewere a large number of teachers and even Dutch Reformeiminis_ters. South Africa's former premier, Mr Vorster, occupied a highposition as Assistant-hoof Kommandant. Dr verwoerd hadstrong Nazi sympathies, and his paper, the Transyaler, was jubilantover the initial reverses of the airea forces on land and se"a. Like-wise it was filled with gloom when the Nazis srarred losing.. "It was_hoped that with a German victory South Africa wourdbecome 'freed from the British yoke' and ,tlrrt achieve the Broe-derbond ideal of an independeni Af.ikrn.. republic, excluding theBritish.and theJews. In the anti-war proprg"rrd, Smuts was madeout to be a rraitor to the Afrikaner.*r.irifightingfor the British- not (as was the case) with the British . . . rur.r"*tiile, through apowerful broadcasting station at Zeesen (Germany) pro-Germanpropaganda in Afrikaans was pouring into South

'rfiica over rhe

radio. Its programmes were rr,idry hslened to because of the excer-lent music and good reception, far better than that of the BritishBroadcasting corporation or the rocal South African BroadcastingCorporation.

"Immediately following on the music programme came themost venomous anti-British and anti-Jewish talks in Afrikaans byDr Erik Holm, a young South African teacher who was studyin!in Germany at the rlT..t He was employed by the Nazis ,ra pridby Goebbels himself ... There .r, t. no doubt that this srimy,late;gene-rating stuff which was poured nightly in Afrikaans intoSouth African homes m.rrt have left its mark on the receptive

'r-

ryt-m

rf)ris

t-:s

I,

vs

minds of the Afrikaner youth at the time. Many of these today are

teachers and political leaders ...,,Racial sef,aration, which had been part of South Africa's way

of life for generations, received a new impetus from- Nazism and

Ge.mar-oiientared Afrikaners. This attitude spilled over on to

English-Afrikaner relationships as well as between white and non-

*hft.. As indicated before, a number of leading Afrikaners had be-

come impressed by Hitler's success in propagating the doctrines ofnational socialism in Germany. The Nationalists, particularly,

found themselves in sympathy with his ideas of building up a Pure

Nordic race which *orli rule Europe after getting rid ofJews and

capitalists. Hitler's regimentation of the German youth and par-

ticularly his use of symbol slogans and national rallies to create a

feeling of national consciousness were soon copied in building up

,r, .*Il,.rsirre Afrikaner nationalism. Behind it all was the thought-

ful planning and pervasive organisation of the Broederbond . . ."The Government,G throughlts intelligence service' was kept in-

formed of all the Broederbond's activities and those of its associ-

ated organisations working against the war policy' General Smuts

could h"ave banned the Broederbond and acted against its outspo-

ken members with the extensive powers granted him by Parlia-

ment under the special war ,.,."'i"' (Number 4 of 1941)' This'

however, he did not do, although he did restrict some of the lead-

ing activitists in the Ossewabrandwag' Vorster,- for example'

,p".rrt th. war interned in Koffiefontein, along with a number of

oiher leading Afrikaners' many of whom rose to great Prominencein public life after the war.

"His reluctance to prosecute the Broederbond, was"' says Mal-

herbe, "partly due tolhe fact that he was quite too.much preoccu-

pied wiih thl conduct of the war on an international front, but

mainly because he did not want to involve the Dutch Reformed

church and the teaching profession, for the traditions of both of

which he had a great regard."Smuts knew tf,rt , laige number of Dutch Reformed ministers

as well as teachers werelctive in the Broederbond. Through his

intelligence service, which monitored the organisation closely' he

krr.*Lrry of their names. He particularly avoided acting against

university st,rderrtt and staff, only doing so when they were con-

victed oi criminal deeds, in spite of wild pro-Nazi and revol-

utionary comments in student brganisations during the war'

But when it came to the civil service, it was even more worry-

78

re

'vdoI-

,f

lng.to the government, although Sagainst theiroederb#. d;" 5;;-"" steadfastlv refused to act

th i s ca u ti on * .r,i, p r r r. *; ;;;:'i::i::';:1ft:X [rilf::::.:;"By that time the B;";;?;""d ir'arrrnr,.r,"a ""J.y-covernmentdepartment ... tvtrr,l.oi;;;.*d"rb;;;;; ;;J il;, sympa_thisers' A secret organisation of this

:llture therefore proved to bea security risk at 1 ti-" *h." a;;;;Africa was invorved in a bitterwar aginsr the Nazis, *h" hJ;i.l. rpi", and informers all overthe counrry. They rr"a ,.*.ilarJ'r.rrrrmitters *lit, *t i.t, ,tr"ywere in constant communicatlo, *itt Germany ...'Jusr as in recenr,i"r.r, l..iri#r.,gior, ,.rd Jd,r.rtional organ_isations were stigmatised (fb. ";;re b_y men rike Dr I D vor_srer' former tuoi".rto. ;d;. ffi:'i Reformed churchj as norh_ing but a front r", ,r,. ."__#;;:'.".during the Second WorldWar the Broederbond, the O.r"*rir"ndwag, th. Gr"y Shi.,r, .r.,came to be regarded as Nazi fbx;;:;;rrerers. This was not with_out justificadon. Despite ;i";;;r;;;curiry .irt, i"".i""a arrirgthe war, General sn,,i,, ,.n*"?,.'r,irn".ir" , ,rjj.t.ir* _ro. o,the Security porice on the t,"raqur;r.rs of the Broede?bond - aprecedenr not fo'owed in later;;r under ,rr. rvrii"*r partyrule, when South Africa ;;r;;rl;'rr, when raids were made on;1'=:Tii;i,,,+:;*ffi ;; JJg,.,i,,,r o,,

", ;;x ; on theone of the methods suggested to Smurs by his m,itary advisersfor dealing with the.B.;;;;;;;Ji=1, pubrish the whore pic_rure of the organisation, *iifr rff irr"rfnUrr.a organisationr. Thir,wrrh a list of rhe names of known ir.-b.rr, ;;;ilfficientryemasculate the orsanis.ation, fr..,rr'**"a. f, *r, f.ii,frr, ,i. prU_

H1;:,'f;;i,::,:11 ::i;t :ljini.,,i o,, ; ; j ;;:;; i vid u a,orly.i;;l;-il;':.,:,8;#.T:iT:1fi :lr;i.;;:***:would become .1.r.,.rr., of gro.d.r r"poti._ and there would beno doubt in the public -il;;;'#i, ,ro-inarions in church,educational and Government bodie, *;1.;;:r:1r:fT :nent Afrikar".r, *io were arden, "rr,"ilrilr1l;T: ;ll5,rTi.In fa*, the BroederuorJ il;'.ffi.k Ir;;;,.;;.# oill,r*,Afrikaners who were not members. Iveated to the public ,t

" .*i.ri . *i,*"ril"jH.,Tr:rli: #"I*rts own consdturion wfich.pf"ag.J ii *orta ,.Lri., .f..r""ipr.rypolitics, argued Smuts,s ,arir.i..."n;;';" would nor bend, cventhough the press was ready ,";";;;; to lend irs co_operarion.

He refused to take any action against the Broederbond, other than

to instruct his security men to keep a close watch on its activities

and its links with avowedly subversive organisations like the Os-

sewabrandwag.At last the war came to an end in 1945. It had done much to enh-

ance Smuts's status as a statesman of international stature. It had

done little to settle the burning divisions inside South Africa.

Afrikaner sentiment smouldered in angry hostility against Smuts,

who had plunged South Africa into an unpopular war' Worse, he

had thrown leading Nationalists into incarceration, a drastic step

that recalled all the hated indignity of the Boer War concentration

camps. The Broederbond's own history refers to entry into the

war as "the political degradation of 5 September 1938'"8 In the

postwar period, Smuts's detractors charged that he spent more

iime being an international figure than worrying about the majorproblems looming in his own country. His administration la-

toured under all the tribulations of a country readjusting from the

ravages of war to the more insidious ravages of peace.

Over all this ferment loomed the inevitable conflict with the

Broederbond. Smuts, like his predecessor Hertzog, could not es-

cape it, even though he was reluctant to enter the struggle. Perhaps

ne naa seen the reiults of such rashness in Hertzog's lonely death.

Perhaps it was just that his overseas preoccupations took up too

much of his time.W A de Klerke describes it thus: "The impotence, confusion and

disarray of his opponents had also lulled Smuts into a sense of false

security. What he saw was only what was taking place on the sur-

face. In a sense, it was the price he was paying for having lived and

moved for so long on a world platform. As a national leader and as

a field-marshal in perhaps the greatest struggle of the age, there

was even less possibility of his understanding the dangerous ear-

nestness of the new elite the burgerstand had produced; or of the

way in which their nationalism differed profoundly from anything

which hitherto had been a part of the South African political land-

scape. Smuts had long since lost all real contact with the thinkingof a large and important part of his own people . . .

"Whether it was a complacency induced by supreme confid-

ence, the shrewdness of the wily politician or a lack of sufficient

contemporary sense, is debatable. It was, probably, a combination

of all these things. Smuts had his gaze fixed on the fine new worldwhich would arise from the ruin of the war and in which the

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British commonwealth of Nations wourd pray such a tremendousrole. He could hardly. take p".".iirr p"riii.r,;;;;rly. Themore adventurous of his opporr.rr,r-nra frra ,"-;.;;;;d by in_ternments and impriso.r-".rir. For the rest, as he was fond of say_ing,the dogs may bark, but th. ;;;"r" moves on.,"But the barking of.the aog, *rr-lrostly so much misleadingfury' There was a quieter, ,io.. .ff.ctive and earnest core ofpeople meedns within the innerm ost blnnekring ofthe Broeder-bond, thinkinf talking, irro ii. ,.r-ru hours "iri. -J.iirg.,,Smuts's advisers

't f,o,,. ".gJ

-il- to take action against thisun dergrou nd organi sa ti on. It *; ;"1 i;.;l ;;;;;r,rrr1 *.r, ohave ro be confronted, they ,r.J*.j. Apart from more sobercounsel, a great deal of the h."t g"r"..ted against the Broederbondcame from the fiery Senator ari."* bonroy, Smuts,s Minister ofLands. He rarelv allowed ,r, oppo*.rrrirr,o go by without launch_ing vitriolic ti*i* against rh. J.;;;rtio.,. An indication ofsomeof the pressure on Stuts ,. ;rk;;.; is found in a brief news-paper report dated February 21 7g44.toIt reads: .,lJnited pa.ty,s Senator . . . Conroy . . . was anotherwho wenr poritical gr-"-hurtirrg. rt. sought Broederbond buck."In an 'insdious i.d :"g:rg.;;";-;;y,ihe declared ,t ilrrd..,the Broederbond had.deciie;_;;;,';"ld of school boards, mu_nicipalities and other locar bodier]irr. Broederbond had controlof the Nadonalist p.arty. f". y.r., i, frla irrntr.rr.a i*"iil. publicservice. They could satotage'th" Ctrrlrr_.rrr.

a""li;:.yant ro save Soith Africat, som.thing wil have to be

"Whereupon Maritzburg,s Witness de5lare-d, ,Beating his wingshelplessly in a vacuum, hle Uath.w-arn-old,s ang.l, won,t getSenator Conrov or the C"".--.rri'"rry*fr.r. ..."'LJnless all t'his brave talk about rtr-prrrg out the Broederbondis followed by determined acdon,

" ;ilibe worse than useress. In-action will virtually be , .orrf.rrlor. that the Broederbond isstronger than the Government. Then one day the Broederbondwill be the Government.,

"On the other hand,J y qiggerty, rhe United parry,s ChiefWhip,. said very fey :i rfr. .frlig"r'thrt dirloyal civil servanrssom.etimes sa-botaged Governmenip"ri.y could be substanriated."Meanwhile, General I.-p i*fi';; appeal to Nats to rakeimmediate acdon ro see thrt Nat, *... "t..r"d to all possible ad_ministrative bodies and committ."r.

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"In the course of an attack on Senator Conroy, Kemp warnedthat, 'When the Nationalist Party comes into power, care will be

taken to see that only Nationalists stand at the head of affhirs.'"Echoed Strijdom: 'Nationalists must be elected to every poss-

ible local board . . . whether it be a school board, a hospital board,or any other kind of board.'

"This warning, said Strijdom's paper, Die Transvaler, was re'taliation for recent United Party demands that all Nats should be

removed from local boards. 'Fight with gloves off,' was thepaper's advice."rl

Smuts's military intelligence advisers added to the pressure witha report on the Broederbond influence in South Africa, conclud-ing: "In 1935, in full peacetime ... General Hertzog judged itnecessary to try to destroy the Afrikaner Broederbond by drag-ging all their unsavoury doings into the open. No action was

taken, however ... Today, with the bitter experience of the Broe-derbond's influence on the war effort, and its strong hold on SouthAfrican public life, the need for action is much more urgent. If weare to dwell together in peace and amity in South Africa, the Broe-derbond must be destroyed."12

Ceneral Jan Smuts. South Africa's last non-Broedetbond Prime Minister.Africa's last non-Broederbond Prime Minister.

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Eventually the advocates of acrion prevailed. Smurs joinedbattle with the Broe.derbond. The p.a.ticrr ha.rdring oiih. affri,was, however, politically disastrous. He launch.d ,-.r_p"ign toroot out all the Broederbond members fr"_ ,fr. .i*riil".ii... O,December 15 lg44,,using.emergency powers granted to him byParliament.during the walr" h. g".rr.6.oederbond members of thepubli c service, including teacherrs, the arternati""-;i;;riCrg fro-one or the other.The same month, at the United party congress in Bloemfontein,he attacked the Broederbond, a.r.JUirg it as a ,.dangerous,

cun_ning, political, Fascist organisation of w-hich no civil ,?.r"rt, irn.was to retain his loyarty to the state and th. ,d-irrrrt.rii"", courdbe allowed to be a member."uAs a result' 1 094 civ, servanrs quit the Broederbond. The oth-ers ducked the issue and lay low. Fou, years later, when theNational Pa-rty had comeintopower, g07 resumed ;.;b;;rhip.r,The tactic failed miserabry, ,, .rr., Smuts rater admitted. It didnothing significant to damage the Broederbond. l" ir.i, if r"v_

fing, public sympathy to a l"arge .o*, wenr to the organisation,particularly when a group of irominent civil ,..rrrri resignedfrom the administration .ath.r'thr, fuit the Broederbond. This.t.p9lt appeared in the

_sunday Times, February 25lg4l,,rrra.. tt.headline Broederbond Menbei Fired.',lTwo ,.rrio. prUti. ,.rrrrrrr,have been dismissed by the Gorr.rrr-.rt for refusing to resignfrom the Broederbond. They "r. rrr.-w.ntzel du plessis, head ofthe Division of Diplomatic and Consular Affairs, and Mr 1anCloete, chief clerk in the treasury.

"Mr du Plessis has been in the Government service since 1924i*_i"- the Departmenr of External affrir, ,i".. lrr-*..pi", i"1927. He was at one time private secretary to General H.rrrog,then Prime Minister, T1:":: ,1.r.r..f of the Urirrl;;iion inHolland from 1933 to 193g. Mr Cloeteiad had zO y...r;"r.r"i*.

"Professor H O Monnig, a well_known parasitologist of On_derstepoort, and Mr A J BJsman, ,rrd.r_r..retary for Commerce,have. resigned rather ttian end thei, m.mbership of the Broeder-bond. Others who have b..r. forrJ guilty of'.orrr.rr*irig tlr.emergency regulations. by declining to resign from the Broeder_bond are Mr J combrink, secrera.f oi rr,. fii.ri""li ii".Ji'r"g "raPlanning commission, and professor A I Maran, a biochemist ofOnderstepoort.',Mrdu plessis, *ho-*;; th... y."r, lri.r-i. .":"vthe satisfaction of defeating s-rr, irii, .;"-;;;;irr.-r.y "r83

Standerton, has given a detailed account of this period in his bookDie Coue Draad - Op die Trekpad l.,an 'n Nasie.r6 In it he disclosesthat the Broederbond, as early as 7943, was aware that it wasunder Smuts's scrutiny and had foreknowledge that pressure wasmounting on him to clamp down on members of the organisation.The matter was discussed "calmly - the pros and cons" within theorganisation. The following morning, an informer went toSmuts chief lieutenant Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr and told him whathad transpired.

The question was again discussed inside the organisation and itwas decided that the Broederbond could not dictate to its memb-ers how they should respond to the expected action against civilservants. They would have to decide for themselves. Apart fromthose mentioned in the Sunday Times report above, those that de-cided to quit the civil service rather than the Broederbond, wereBarend de Klerk, an expert in agricultural education, and Piet Bas-son, who worked for the most notable thorn in the organisation'sflesh, Senator Conroy.

The day Smuts's proclamation was issued, du Plessis was onleave. He hurried back to his office where he wrote a memoran-dum to the Secretary for Foreign Affairs: "I must hereby informyou that I am a member of the Broederbond and that, after carefulconsideration, I do not see my way open to giving up my mem-bership." He rejected allegations that the organisation was born indarkness (duister) , that it carried on its work in darkness, or that itwas Fascist and busily undermining the Government. He deniedthat party politics had ever played any part in his association withthe organisation, or that he had been guilty of any dereliction ofduty.

"No information about the official matters of this, or any otherGovernment, has ever been given by me to the Broederbond. Itwas never asked or suggested by the Broederbond, nor was it oCfered ... The right to associate with my compatriots for the pur-pose of doing good to my fellow beings, without thereby interfer-ing in party political affairs, is for me an elementary right which isunassailable by any government. I trust that you will accept thisletter in that spirit," he wrote.

He was immediately suspended from his duties. Later, asked bythe Secretary for Foreign Affairs, D D Forsyth, whether he wouldreconsider, he replied that he would gladly do so if General Smutswould make it possible for him. This would involve forbidding

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civil servants to be members of any secret organisation, incrudingrhe Sons of England, the Freemrr"r. ,"a the Truth Legion. Sev_eral days larer, a message.wr, .orr.yJ ;; i_";r-J*j" pressisthat such a ban was considered ,.unnecessary,,. In his subsequent"admission of guilt" letter to F9d;, du pressis wrote: ,,Thar

onegroup is being denied what is allowei fb. ;;;;.; gr.;p, , regardas discrimination that borders o, .r.jrr persecution.,,He was informed that his h;;"g;".rta U. heli on February 71945 in Room gg, lJnion BuilEngs, pretoria. Ironically his"courtroom', *r: :h:

oftice fr.frr-J-nl"iously occupied for manyyears as privare secretary to GeneraiH".trog. rr" ...ritrirr" rr.rr_ing, which took olace U"f"r., j.'nrnn.rburg magisrrare, Mr R FPlewman. "Nouoay-*;r;ir;#irr" rrr. courrroom, jusr us rwo,apart from the former private secrerary of the prirri. Mirrirt.r,then under-secretary. of the a.prrtri.rt, who explained he wasbusy looking for a file.",Question: Is your name .Wentzel

Christoffel du plessis?Answer: yes.Question:_Are you a member of the Civil Service?Answer: Yes' (The head of perr""".r was caled in to confirm-this under oath.)Question: Are you a member of the Broederbond?Answer: yes-

Question:-Do you refuse to resign from the Broederbond?Answer: yes.

Oo*?rron,Do you hold any executive position in the Broeder_

Answer: No (what a remarkable question, I thought)

,r!#tr"r* Then r must find y"" ;;iiry of the o#.r,." as spec_

The issue caused_ indignant and prolonged outcry from theNationalist press. fh; nuific i";;;";;i, unconvinced of the sub_versive influence of the nro.d.r"bo.rJ, thought Smuts foorish toget rid of such able and prominent putfi. adminisrrators.r?In reply to Smuts,s aitack on th'. i.oederbond,

-,h."o.grni*

1:ron's chair11n,_professor; C "r" n"o; ;ip;;;rrr..Jrrl,

"r,lts secretary, Mr I M Lombard, issued a series of five ardcles ex_plaining the aims and objects .i;i;;;rganisation. The series wasrun in Die Transuarer on D.ecember ti,'bt, 2g 1944 and January 41945' They were summarised in The irirra published in Bloem-fontein' The articres rejected .r[g";i;r, thrt th. Broederbond was

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a subversive organisation "which incites sabotage or will tolerateit from members in any form"; that members consisted mostly ofteachers and civil servants as General Smuts had claimed - of a

total membership of 2 672, at the most 8,4 per cent were civil serv-ants and 33,3 per cent teachers; that the organisation was fascist orundemocratic; that the "Bond at any time declared itself in favourof a national-socialist system for South Africa, or that it has ever

had, or sought, any connection with the Nazi rulers of Germany."Dealing with its secret nature, the articles said "the confidential

character of the Broederbond is comparable with what one finds at

a Cabinet meeting, at a meeting of directors or a decent business

undertaking, or at an executive meeting of a church or cultural or-ganisation before it comes to a decision which can be conveyed toits members." Quoting from the constitution, Lombard wrote,"In connection with the activities of general district meetings, the

meetings may discuss any national problem or historical pointwith a ,r.* to ascertaining, in an impartial manner' what is the

best for the moral, intellectual, social and political progress of ournation. No speaker may, however, act as a propagandist for any

existing political party or for party politics as such."To i general public already dubious about the wisdom of

Smuts's action, the ardent denials from the Broederbond leaders

must have presented fresh doubts. The debate on the issue that fol-lowed in Parliament on March 21 1945 could have done little tochange this. The Government speakers, including Smuts, under

sustained and bitter attack from the Nationalists, generally puttheir case weakly. General statements were made about the organ-isation's secret involvement in politics without furnishing con-

crete evidence, which surely must have been available by themfrom all the surveillance to which the organisation had been sub-jected. Malherbe had supplied Smuts with detailed name lists of-Broederbonders

and a comprehensive report of its activities'rB Butthe main thrust of their argument was left to Hertzog's Smithfieldaddress 10 years previously.

In the arguments presented by the Nationalists, there was a

paradoxical shrill insistence that action should not be taken against

an organisation without firm evidence of misdemeanours. Whywas there no trial; where was the proof? they demanded. How thiselevated concern for the requirements ofjustice has changed overthe years. Since coming into Power, the Nationalist Governmenthas placed on the statute book a battery of legislation which en-

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ables it to take unlimited arbitrary action against organisations andindividuals. Bannings ,rd d"t.rtior, *ithort recourse to thecourts' and without the persons or organisations concerned everknowing the nature- of the charges, has become a common featureof Nationalist rure in South aii.". ii i, , feature that invites theaccusation both at home and abroad that it .; ; .,p;il;. .rrr.,,..The debate opened

-with a two_pronged attack. Smurs was dis_criminating against Afrikaners. "I just want to ask the prime Min_ister whether this attack on the Airikr.r", Broederbond is just thebeginning of the death of every anitr*r-";;;;ffi; in thecountry. There are rhe.Sons.of England. we kno# ,rrrirrrri organ_isation has a strong political colo,ir... there are the Sons of Scot_land; and also the Sons of pal.rti.r" have their organisation. Thereis.an Empire League, the Truth Legion and a[-.o.t. of organis-ations' and we now want to know f,om th. prime Minister whyhe selected an Afrikaner organisatlorr:,r,

"He passed over the ciiil Service Act and shertered behindemergency regulations. . . prominent officials in the ,..rri." *.r.put out of the service one after the other, not because they wereconvicted under the Civil Service a.t, b.rt .i;;rr;.l.rr. .,emergency regulation was issued which they had io.rtr*..r.a uybelonging to the Broederbond ...,,20The Nationalists were arso aggrieved that his action had been

1ake.n wlthout proof being deliiJred of any ,uUrr..rirr.l.iirriri.,

by the civil servants concerned. Mr c R Swart:2l ,,I wourd rike toknow from the prime Minister whether there has .r.. i.., ,rymember of the Afrikaner Broederbond in the ;.p;;;;; .""-trolled by him who committed subversive acts, who committedsabotage, who was unfaithfur i, h,s *lrk. I consider that we havethe right to know it. v/as one of them ever tried? can he deriverthe proof . . .? will he ter ,r. *h"th.. Mr wentzel du plessis evercommitted any subversive act or was unfaithful r., tir*o.tt"The debate raged on through th. rno.rrirg. At the start of the af_ternoon session, Smuts was urged to reply i'..rrr. ti_. *rr-b.irrgrvasted' There was a hush in tli. p".k.a house as he rose to ,p"rk.He. !es1n by saying that only

""1 ,.f.., of the Broederbond,s ac_rivities had been touched on; there *.." -,r.h wider activities inwhich it was involved. ,.The Gove..r-.r, has acted on a firmprinciple," he said. ,,'V7e proceed from the standpoirriof ifr. fr*.we have based our action on the I"* oi the rand, and that law isthat our State officials should ,o, ot . ,, ,.tirr. part in the politics

of the country. That is the law; it is prohibited. Officials must nottake part in the politics of the country, and in respect of the actionthat has been taken in reference to the Broederbond in this case,

we have only acted in connection with that aspect of the matter . . ."My charge is in the first place against those officials who have

not complied with the law of the land. Now I go further and I saythat the Broederbond, the secret Broederbond, is a political organ-isation which is more dangerous from the point of view of the of-ficial and the Government service than any other political organis-ation in the country. The whole standpoint of the Broederbond is

a political one. That is admitted.An Hon. Member: Who admitted it?The Prime Minister: We know it.Mr Swart: What proof have you?The Prime Minister: Now we come to one of the difficulties in

which the Broederbond has landed us. It is a secret organisation, as

secret as the grave.Mr Swart: Is that the first objection?The Prime Minister: Yes, that is an objection. It is a secret organ-

isation, but it is also thc calculated object of the organisation tofoster the interests of one section of the population as against theothersection...

"In all respects where we thrashed out matters, it became clearthat it was a political organisation working in secret, that it ado-pted a stealthy attitude, that did not disclose who its memberswere, and that kept everything secret. In my opinion there is noth-ing more un-Afrikaans than that sort of action. It was the combi-nation of a number of people to get the key positions of thecountry into their hands, and to get all the key positions in theadministration of the country, and in that manner to try to controlthe policy in the country. That was the object of the Broederbondand it was all done in secret. Everything wassa& rosa. I think thatanything like that is worse than any political organisation.

Mr Klopper (one of the Broederbond founders): Have you anyproof of that?

The Prime Minister: I well know what I am talking about. TheGovernment is convinced in regard to everything that has comebefore it. It has been convinced from the evidence that it has hadbefore it and much of that has been derived from members of theBroederbond itself.

Mr Swart: You flourish on traitors in the British Empire.

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The Prime Minister: When we have an organisation that wants topromore rhe interesrs of one secrion o. oro'rr...;;;;rritude ofsecrecy and keeping everything shrouded in darkness, you have tobe careful. The Government is conrince;;.;;htr;r"iti."Jrr. *irt,this organisation."There was a series of articles in the press from the secretary ofthe organisation22 who wishea i. i.il"a the organisation and oneline of the defence-yrr. ,hrr, .Why io you complain that this as asecret organisation? Is the Government not a secret organisation; isthe Cabinet not secret; is the caucu, ,rt, ,....r?, This is the officialexplanarion of the attitude of ,..r..f thrt *". girr.;;;;. secre_tary' that all the resolutions ..mrir"i secret, and that everything iskept as silent as the grave. No, this is a position that cannot be tol_erated, at least not where officials ,* .orr...rred. Whether it can beallowed in the country itserfis .roth.. question to which I sha, re_turn; but as far as regards the public seivice, i, i, ;;;i.rion ,tr,they cannot serve two masters. They cannot take an oath and sub_mit themserves to the disciprin.

"i."*r., oganisation ro."r.y o,r,the orders of that organisaiion, and continul to do their Jr,y ,o_wards the State. They cannot ,..r. i*o -rrr.rs. Accordingly, Isay that the officiars who are Brothers shourd ,Jg; f.;- ,h.organisation.',Mr Klopper: And the Sons of Engrand and the Jewish organis-ations are all secret.The Prime A,Iinister: The Hon member may believe in that argu_ment, but no one else will accept it.Mr Serjontein: There is a Free^mason sitting beside you.The Prime Minister:To say ,t

"r ri. pr.emasons are a political or_ganisation and that, they pursue politics in secret is the greatestrubbish in the worrd'. r say'today rliirir-rr""se and ,o ,rr. .-o.rr,rry,that in my opinion the Broede;b";;lr a dangerous organisationresting on a foundation that ir i, .orrnr.t with the interests of thecountry and that is un_Afrikaans.

Mr Serfonteiz: Mention the foundation.The Prime Minister: It is purely .".i"ri"" race politics, the pro_modon of race interests.

!1 Klopper: Mention one proof.The Prime Minister.:.This. is the position. we have dealt to thisextent with the officials; whether *. _ry have to g. f".ii* frr*on and place a ban on the organisationitserf is another matter.,,"Those whom the gods -ilh ,o d.rtroy, they first make mad,,,

retorted Dr Eben Donges. At the time vice-chairman of the organ-isation, he stood up to reply to Smuts's attack. His first point of at-tack was that Smuts, with his legal training, should have known a

person could not be condemned on secret evidence. If anything re-mained of his legal training and his legal instincts then he wouldnot in this manner come and say he was going to judge a body likethe Broederbond on secret evidence.

Continuing, he said: "Time and again we have heard outsideabout sabotage, of the fascistic nature of the movement, we haveheard that it is national socialist, that they stand for a nationalsocialist state. Now the Prime Minister says, 'No, politics, that is

their only sin.'"Let me say in the first place that no party politics are permitted

in the organisation. That is one of the points of the constitution . . .

Let the Prime Minister say what politics there are in it. Is it partypolitics, is it a political organisation, because it is only open toAfrikaans-speaking people? What about the Dutch ReformedChurch? It is for Afrikaans-speaking people, it is for the Afrikaner,but not in the narrow sense. Is it now being called a racial associ-

ation?"Now I want to say something on the subject of secrecy. The

Prime Minister knows it is not secret. He knows this. Where doeshe get the other information he has? It is true that the organisationdoes not work in public and the reasons will be readily under-standable by the Prime Minister. The reason is that it is an organis-ation of service, and our view is that the highest service that is notbrought to light, that does not catch the public eye ...

"There are many things on which you make resolutions whichfor many reasons are not displayed in public or hung on the bigclock . . . One of the reasons why membership is not made publicand why activities are not made public, is the same reason thatPlato gave the Guardians of the State should not possess any prop-erty, namely that they should not be exposed to the temptation toseek their own glory and their own profit. It is for this reason thatin a service organisation such as this that is only there for servicedoes not advertise itself, and does not wish to place itself or itsmembers in temptation to gain advertisement for themselves."

Denying the charges against the organisation, he said Smutsknew that detectives had visited the offices of the Broederbond,had been given access to its documents and had gone away sat-isfied. Why then did he allow his colleagues to go around the

90

country spreading gossip about the organisation that he knew tobe unfounded?He accused Smuts. of being in conflict with the fundamentalprinciplesofjustice, the first oi*hi.i *as that the accused was en-titled to,a hearing. ,.Here *. hrrr. , *ndemnadon without a hear_tng' without the opportunity being afforded to refute it and with-out a proper examination of the.',rid..r.. which has come into thepossession of the prime Minister behind rrr. r.."., nli, i.opt., ,,he admits himsel{ who are- rpnr-r.J, trairors; and that on thatevidence of these traitors, whiih frr,

""t b..r.*r-ir.d,-.ora..rr_nation has been expressed.-We say that is not right .. .,,The third ',and mosr ,.riou-s .o'mpi"i.rr,, O. dOrg., levelled atSmuts was that his action had been

" nothing ress than an offenceagainst racial peace.,, The

-most imforrant of all the post_warproblems of recons.truction facing sJrh airr*'*r, *. n'Jrrr*

",the disturbed rerationships betw?;;i. Engrish- and Afrikaans-speaking people in.the counrry. That attitudl hrd b.., hof.r.rrryaggravated and inflamed by tiie action "f th. e;;-.""t, ,, .._cent dmes.

"In the course of th9

last five years we have had it in every re_specr that when the prime Minisier has a*ed, he has ,cted ,gai.r.tthe one race and not against tt. ott.. .lce, and thereby he has dis_turbed and aggravateJthat attitude . . .-t do ,o, wanr to make thisaccusation, but there is another concrusion which is arrived at bymany - and which is almost unavoidabre when one reviews thePrime Minister's deeds since 1939 - .rr-.ty that he has been dri-ven by that small-minded section r, hi, parry to a*empt the de-t,..Y,.:|"r, of everything that is Afrikaans. . .LII(e hrs spiritual predecessor, Milner, it is apparently his objecttoday 'to break the back of AfrikanerJo-,. I am

" yourig-_.r rrraI say this with the respect that is d,_r. to the prime Mi;:.;;;,, ,g.and experience, thar if he wishe, ,"-f"if.* Milner,s road . . . he ison the road that leads to , dishorour"Ut. g.rrr. to which he willdescend unhonoured

Td u.r*.pr-uyl"rr f,nitr"**p.rii"g *aEnglish-speak-ing peopre-who p*..ii. i, raciar peace the oniy fu-rure for South Africi..This injusticg ro gr. anitrr"r_ri.rf.irgpeople.can only make th.m strJng.., ,fr. rmmoral exercise of theauthority of the State towards its Ifticiars w,l only be remporary;the crime of the prime Minister i, trrri h. has dealt a blow at rhefuture of South Africa.,,The implication that the Broederbond was pursuing raciar peace

91

in South Africa, was, of course, pious nonsense. Its fundamental

raison d'6tre was and remains the exclusive Promotion of a strictlysectional, Afrikaans cause. The warning that action against the

Broederbond would strengthen Afrikaans-speaking people, had

a firmer basis. It was one of several warnings issued by the Broe-

derbond during that debate that Smuts ought to have noted. As

Mr Nel exclaimed: "l must ... openly say rhat by its action in this

case, a real feeling of bitterness and hatred has arisen in my heart."

And Dr Bremer predicted, with impressive accuracy: "In passing I

might say that I believe that this is one of the steps which will lead

to th. speedy fall of the Government." In three years he was

proved right.But the"re were three years of glory for Smuts, until that dra-

matic and unexpected crash. Bearing the rank of Field Marshal, an

honour conferred on him by King George vI for his valuable serv-

ices to the war effort, he enjoyed immense prestige overseas. The

collapse of Germany's armed resistance in 1945 and the end of hos-

tilities in Europe created the opportunity for building the new

world order of which he spoke with such enthusiasm. He was

ready to play his part.z3

Aicor&ngly, he headed the South Africa delegation at the inau-

guration ofihe United Nations Orgarrisation at San Francisco. He

inras there given the singular honour of drafting the Preamble to

the UN Clarter, an historic task he accomplished with skill and

erudition. When he returned to South Africa, he was greeted withacclaim. Only the Nationalists stayed unmoved, pouring derision

over the UN, which they said would end in the same disarray as

the League of Nations."Smlits," says Friedmanz4 "could afford to ignore his op-

ponents. His star was definitely in the ascendant. After the general

election of 1943 he was at the height of his power. After V E Day -victory in Europe - he was at the height of his prestige' He had

brougirt his country through years of bitter adversity to ultimate

triumph. At home, his authority as Prime Minister was comPlete

and unchallengeable; he was in full control of the destiny of his

country. Abroad his prestige was immense - no other Common-wealth statesman outside of Britain had ever attained such heights.

Alas! from those heights there was a sharp decline. Three short

years later he fell from power. He was rejected by the electorate

and had to yield office to his political opponents who had opposed

his participition in rhe war, derided the men in the armed forces,

92

al

vIC

d:-

s

s

II

;

rejoiced in the Allies, reverses, had-demanded a separate peacewith Hider r"O *:11^y "p""fy'rir, the future of Soril, africa de_pended on a Nazr vtctory.

For Smuts it was a personar defeat of staggering magnitude. Forthe Broederbond, .it *as ;;;; r;t;;pr,. lii_.it, b .?r rrttu"r.yof Standerton he had b.* J;i"il'by one of the civil servanrswho had been hound.d

"";"f .ffi;; rarher than quit rhe Broeder-bond: Wentzel du plessis.Strangely, the question of the Broederbond was never men-tioned during thar campaign in Sranderron. ,,S;;.;;;y

peopleinsisted that we should i" Ir, U"rl r.frsed. Not even a question onit, I said, unless the Unitej p;;;"::-:r. They also didn,t, al_though Senator conroy's ;;;;;st,l full ofit. But in Stander-ton he didn't count,,, writes O.,,, ptlrrt.r,This is not the prace to .p;"ir;;; the causes of smurs,s igno_ble defeat, or thaiof hi, p.irf i" riia, .trtorgr, ir rh.riJ"p.rr,rp,be pointed out thar tt. broJa".ul"j,, .ot., i.rl*," o.-.]lrri.,r., i,that dorvnfall is not. given^high p.i"rir, by most historians. gutSmurs's own words i,i the firt;d;i.t, ortrrrt a"r.* ,r. .."earing.

,H|}:|r'he exclaim"a, ",r,ri?i""e been bearen by the Broe_

After the election, he was offered a straw with which to pullhimself back into power. Malan,s Nationalist, had .i..n io po*.,on a minority vote and by dint of ,r-ur.rry coalition with Hav_enga, Her,og's lieutenanr, and his Afrikarl";;;;;;;'*i,i.r, f,"awon nine seats in the erection. Bearing in mind the Nationarists,rejection of Herrzog- in t9a0, i;;;;: fragile pact and within ashort time Havensa ret it be i."t*""rr. wourd like to break wirhMalan' Hr ron'o"ied this i"i"r-*# ro Dr Marherbe, Smuts,s;'.',',Xl':'rf,,,]ffirv

intelli ge"; ;;,;;, *,., p,i,.ipl .i tie uni-Malherbe immediately wrote a Iong letter-to Smuts urging himto join forces with Have"gr. 'ii.'"united party as such is fi-nished," he said. Lacking , i"rlrl"., ,g-g..rrir. policy, it took toomuch for granted itr m""a.i"; ;i;;""trr. without piotecting andfostering them. This was d._.;;;;;;;a i1rrr. way the bitingualschool policy had b-een torpedoed by the Engrish jingoes on theone hand and the Broederbond ;"-;; other. pressing his argu-menr, Malherbe emphasised ,fr.t .li was not well with theNationalists either.

Tl:* *...;;;p fivisions in the party and anatmosphere of suspicion preva,ed^; Broeders and non-Broeder

nationalists and the Ossewabrandwag stalwarts distrusted each

other. 'What was needed was for Smuts and Havenga to abandonparty identities and draw up a programme of principles to present

to the country.Among these principles should be: co-operation between the

English- and Afrikaans-speaking sections and the maintenance of"our democratic way of life and the combating of fascism,

whether in the form of a Broederbond-Gestapo government or inthe form of totalitarian communism."27

Smuts reported that he was not prepared to work with "a lot offascists."zs Malherbe bluntly replied that this evaluation of the

situation was "superficial", which he ascribed to the weakness ofSmuts's information service. "The facts," he said, "are as follows:(1) Havenga uses the Ossewabrandwag2e chiefly to intimidate the

Nats and to strengthen his bargaining Power, and not because he

has liking for the OBs or their ideology. Besides, with the excep-

tion of a small group of ideological leaders, fascism does not pen-

etrare very deeply iruo the rank and file of the OBs. It is not in the

nature of our people and does not fit in with our indigenous insti-

tutions . . . I would, therefore, not attach too much weight to Hav-enga's opportunistic affiliation with the'Fascists'; and (2) Havenga

hates the-Broederbond. It was they who stabbed his old friend,

General Hertzog, in the back. That he will never forgive them'"30

There were two catches in Malherbe's scenario for a pact withHavenga. Jan Hofmeyr, the leader of the liberal faction in Smuts's

party would be an "indigestible lump"sr in the scheme of things;and Smuts himself might have to sacrifice his position as leader,

stepping down for Havenga as he had done for Hertzog in 1933.

Aher weighing the options, Smuts, who remained unsure ofwhat Havenga stood for, decided to "hold fast to what we have."By 1949 Smuts's opportunity had gone. Havenga was still withMalan, and his key role in the maintenance of Nationalist power,in any case, was no more. Malan introduced an AcC2 whichbrought six white representatives of South West Africa into the

union's House of Assembly. Predictably Nationalists, their ar-

rival freed Malan once and for all of his dependence on Havenga.ss

Smuts, appalled by his enforced removal from the stage centre,

died at his home Doornkloof the following year. "Never did he

speak any words of criticism or bitterness of his political foes," his

physician recounted. "The only slight tone of disappointment Iever noted during my conversations was against those of his fel-

94

low-Afrikaners who, he thought, did not regard him as one ofthem, because he thought wide"r thr, ih. South African scene.,,B4

, ,1on.,r_rriking aspect, there is a close parallel between Smuts,soearn anct Hertzog's. Both died in isolation from their own people.lT:", suggests de Klerkss ,,did not understand these newAfrikaners with their involved and sweeping oratory.,, Afrikanernationalism. was gathering momentum in its inexorabre marchacross South Africa's history. Behind the new ',invorved and

:y^Tfg oratory".lay the erernal industry of rhe Broederbond,oraltrng a new, radical course for South Africa.

1. Malherbe, E G, Education in South Africa, yol 2, pp 24_25.2. Later ro become State president of iouth Africa.3. Military Intelligence reporr on the Afrikaner Broederbond, March 29 1944.4. Eilucation in South AJrica, yol 2, p 25.5' rn 1947 Holm was tried in South Africa and found guilty of high treason. Hewas given a prison sentence of 10 years. wh.r, to*.rrer, tte Nationarist

Party came into power in the next ye"., h" was liberated and received an ap-pointment in the Union Department of Education. The British .Lord HawHaw', who played a similai role in Germany over rhe .aaio agairrrt C..atBritain, was tried in the British courts after rhe war, ,.,d .*..rld for hightreason.

6. Eilucation in South Africa, yol 2 pp 67Gi79.7. rbid p 677.8' Secret Broederbond document, Fifty years oJBrotherhooir, chairman,s address,

1968, p 5.9. The Puritans in Afica, pp 197 _ 199.

10' The name of the newspaper is not indicated on the cutting, but it appears tobe either The Star or the Rand Daily Mail.11' Both Strydom and Kemp were Broede.s. Strydom was rarer to become Ma-lan's successor as prime Mi,irt.., when he insisted on the Dutch ,f.irhg

"rhis name: Strijdom.12. Military Intelligence report on the Afrikaner Broederbond, March 29 1944.13' Proclamation No' 255 in terms of Article Six of the National s..rirf n.gr-lauons-14. Vatcher, H W, White Laager.15. Malherbe, E G, Education in South Africa, yol 2, p 67g.16. From p 101.17. Malherbe , E G, Educat,ion in South AJrica. yol 2, p 67g.18' A copy of the Malherbe report is cJntained as an appendixin white Laager:_ ^ tly Rise oJAfrikaner Nationalism, by W H VatcherJr, pall Mall, London, 1965.19. Mr Werth, Hansard March 21 tg4S, Cols 3g54, 3g55.20. Dr D F Malan, ibid, Cols 3862,3863.

95

21.22.

23.24.

25.

26.

27.

28.29.

30.

31.32.

34.35.

Later to become South Africa's first State President.

Referred to earlier in this chapter.Friedman, Bernard, Smuts: a Reappraisal, p 156.

rbidDie Goue Draad - Op die Trekpad van'n Nasfe, p 148.

Hancock, W K, Smats, the Fields oJ Force, p 506.

Van der Poel, Jean, Selections Jrom the Smuts Papers, Y ol YIl, p 242.

Hancock, W K, Szrrs, the Fields oJ Force, p 573.

Smuts's main objection was a form of alliance between Havenga and the OB'Brotz, H. The Politics of South Africa: Democracy and Racial Diuersity, p 18'

Van der Poel, Jean, Selections from the Smuts Papers, Vol VII, p 241 f'No 23 of 1949.

Hancock, W K, Srrals, the Fields of Force, p 576.

de Klerk, W A, The Puritans in AJrica, p 227.

ibid. p 226.

96

4 ff;*mbotic oxwagon Trek

It is difficult to find another singre event which stirred Afrikaneremotions more between the A"ngro-Boer w'ar and the Secondworld war than the symbori. or*"ago, trek of 1g3g. Nor even rhepeople who planned.and organised 17, ,r,. Afrikaner n.o1l"ruona,had the faintest idea it *orr? il;;;r" overwherming success. Itserved to reunire Afrikaners in one nationarism il;fred a mostsignificant role in the 194g .l..rior-ri.,o.y.A year after the Trek, the *r. ilrrid.d the Afrikaners and theossewabrandwas created a sprit in the National parrli but it wasall tempora.y. Di"p down ,i. Afiil;;ers wanted unity, and thesymbolic trek emohasised this. a. r""" as the war was over thedeep divisions heaied ,;;;;;i;..r

"""tr, was found which led toa victory through the ballott.". i;kl.g bagk today, it is impos_sible to see how this courd h;;*;.., achieved without theemodonal binding force of the symbolic trek. It created,i.

"pp"-runity for Afrikaners to be together, -io

-.*p.ri.nce the satisfyingfeeling of a nation on the ;r;, 'of

agreement rather rhandivisions.'what

started as a fairly inconspicuous attempt to cerebrate thecentenary of the Great Trek by ,*dirrg a team of oxwagons fromCape Town to pretoria b"..m. , ."rr?rg national movement. Atthe final celebrations 200 000 anit *.., camped for days atMonument Koppie, the site .h.;; f;; the Voortrekker Monu_ment to be completed a.bout 10 years later. Along the route to pre_toria thousands of Afrikaners -:";;';;;"e,ing hundreds of m,es- came to see the oxwagons, to touch them, ,". p;;;';;;._.The oxwagon trek *r-, o.r. of ri. n-.derbond,s grearesr mas_rer-strokes' Realising the division in Afrikaner ranks and the abso-Iute necessity pr,rri"ry ,o pr";;;; il. p"irrr*l victory, they stagedrr as an emotional rally The oppo.,urrr,y was ideal. It was 100'ears

since the Great Trek when it "

voo.rrekkers went north, onecf the most imporranr reasons-being the desire to escape Britishrule. The celebrations planned by;?;r.rl committee headed by

,i

li

97

Dr EJJansen, a prominent Broeder and then Speaker of the House

of Assimbly, were to peak on December 16' Dingaan's Day, at

Monument Koppie whire the foundation stone for the Voortrek-ker Monument was to be laid.

No doubt this would have been an impressive ceremony on its

own, but it was the oxwagon trek which turned it into a national

crusade. The idea came from the Afrikaanse Taal en Kultuuruerenig-

ing of the Railways (Afrikaans Language and cultural Society ofth"e Railways), a cultural front organisation of the Broederbond.

The ATKV was formed by Henning Klopper, one of the three

young men who founded the Broederbond on the koppie injohr.ir"tbrrg in 19i8. When he formed the ATKV on the Rail-"*ay, it had Lnly 200 members; five years later it had 50 000 and

today it is probably the largest formally organised Afrikaans cul-

tural association.'who was Henning Klopper who had played such an important

part in forming the Broederbond and the ATKV? Like other

prominent Brolde.s, Danie du Plessis and Willie Heckroodt, he

worked on the Railways. He joined when he was 15 at a salary off,4 ,

^onth, and *o.ked hard to spread his belief in Afrikaner-

dom. His role in the oxwagon trek made him a national hero

among Afrikaners. Not only was he the founder of the ATKV*ho tird organised the trek, but they had nominated him as trek

leader. At all the main celebrations along the route he was the cen-

tral figure, making speeches and passing on the message ofAfrikaner unity.

Henning Klopper is convinced that it was the symbolic oxwa-

gon trek iirrt pr".d the way for the 1948 election victory for the

frational party and the subsequent referendum majority which led

to the Repubiic. ,.It was this dynamic movement which gave ex-

pression io the aspirations of the Afrikaners, and united them at

ihe time when division among Afrikaners was at its greatest, and

their feelings were bitterest," he says. When Klopper left home to

join the Ri1*ryr, his mother gave him a Bible and said: "Read it".r..y

morning and evening." Fifty years later he said: "I never let

her down.,' At that stage he had read the Bible from cover to

cover 22 times.It takes-him 10 to 18 months to read it though

once.He does not smoke or drink and in the true spirit of the Broe-

derbond, abhors "loose morals". Like the Broederbond, which

expels members involved in a divorce, he sees divorce as an evil

98

practice "undermining the morals of the people.,, He feers crergy-

n:"Ji:*fl.;;0", their foot down and take the l.ad t, ,ir-pirg

, In all his readings of the Bible, he says he has found nothing toshake his belief in apartheid. ,.w. ,r. rot all created the same. weare created to be what we are _ not something different from whatthe Creator wants us ro be. But there i. ,oJ_ Ib;;;;;;;..,,As international pressure intensifies around South Africa, Klop_per remains unshakeabre in his faith in the future orth. n.prbli.his Broederbond created. ,,We rr. in io,rrf, Africa ,r*rV, ,o _r,ter what the united Nations or any other body d..-r.Jr.-w.

"..here in accordance with the will arld by tt. grr.. oi Coa. ou,road is forward - only forward ,nd ,l*ry, forward.,,. ^1L..

the oxwagol lTk Klopper became active in politics and in1943 he was ele*ed Mp for vi.a.rort- He became sp*i.;; of theIor1.. ofAssembly in 1961, a post he held unril lgT4when he re_rlreo to hls tarm near parys in the Free State.

Initially the trek fe.atured two wagons sponsored by the ATK',but the idea captured the imaginatiJn of r'fr. people ,. ,r.i ,, .*_tent that further wagons were added or, .ort., fr. r*"y fro_ th.original ones' Some of the wagons were more than t00 years old.Eventually the roures covered almost rhe whore or souih arri.r,the wagons visiting an amazingnumber of places b.f;;;;.y .or_gregated at Monument Koppie.

. The wagons were namea ,rt.. national heroes. TheJohanna uander Merwe trekked through N"maqrrland, the Magiet:a'prinsroothrough the western and.Iorther" irf., the Hentrrlii ioigir,u ^naAndries Pretorius through the southern and easrern 6rf. "rraOrange Free State. This last route was alro followeJ Uy-rL ri,Retief and vrou en Moeirer while the Hendrik potgieter

^rid irdr;r,Pretorius also visited the eastern fr.rrrrrrd.

All over the country men started growing beards and womenfashioned Voortrekke.d..r, for the iry ,fr."*rgor, *"ufJ reachrheir district. Town and city .orrr.il, ,.'ram.d ,t"reet., ,qur.., ,rabuildings in honour of the voort..tt ..r, sometimes creating dis-putes between Afrikaans- and English-speaking -.-u.rr- lr ,n"communities.The Government of the day was a coalition between GeneralHertzog, the Prime Minister, and General Smuts, fri, a.p"iy. O"their right were Dr Malan and his p"in.a Nationalists. The brim_ming Afrikaner emorionalism of the symbolic *J-pr.*.a ,

99

The Bond-organized oxwagon trek gaue fresh impetus to AJrikaner nationalism'

problem to General Hertzog who was trying to keep Afrikaner

and English rogether. It delighted the Malanites, however. It was a

rallying- c.y fol Afrikaner nationalism, bringing the volk together,

at least in spirit. The strains it created in the Government Partycould only benefit the Nationalists'

All along the route Broeders served on the welcoming commit-t.., ,rrrrglng local celebrations for the oxwagons' They made the

most of tf,eir-opportunity to stress Afrikaner unity, the need for a

republic "rrd

thi dominant role to be played by^ Afrikaners in

South Africa. In Pietersburg they tabled a motion of no confidence

in the mayor because he did not attend the arrival of the oxwa-

gons. His claim that it .was all a misunderstanding was rejected.

Th. B..rorri Town council was not invited to the celebrations

after a bitter row between the mayor and festival committee. The

"Christian spirit" of the festival was given as one of the reasons'

the mayor'siollowers claiming that it was because he was Jewishthat he was not invited.

While the mayor of Bloemfontein, Mr W F Prophet, stood

watching the ariival of the wagons, the chairman of the local

branch of th. ATKV, Mr P J Goosen, said he should be requested

not to take part in the proceedings. The announcement was loudlycheered by the crowd. The protests were made as a result of a con-

troversy over the renamingof certain streets which arose between

100

the committee and the Bloemfontein Town Council. young mendrew the wagons through the streets in place ortrr. o*., providedby the Bloemfontein municipality. The voortrekker choir andguard of honour refused to use municipar transport, and were d.i-ven in private cars.

, Theatmosphere of the time, and the message from the Broeder-bond during the trek, could b. p"...irr.d in "a

speech tirt ary Uyone of the trek leade_rs and a p.ominent Broed.i, M, M C (OomTinie) van Schoor. He deplored the cold reception of tf. *rgo*in the.orange Free State - the moder State oi South Africa. whyshould the Afrikaner feer himself , rr.r.rg., in his own ciry?r,,Inthe slums we are permitted,,' Mr van Schoor said, ,,but in thoseparts which rig.htly belong to us admission is refused." The timenad come, he declared, when the Afrikaners would no longer bestrangers in the land which had been dearry boughi ily ;i; broodof their ancestors.

"while the Afrikaner.is working with the pick and shovel, rhes,tralg,er is occupying the offices. The time iras come when wesnould erect monuments to our heroes who gave their lives for us,and those monuments should be erected in.-the .iti., *h.re theybelong' There are sufficient monuments to the men who offeredtheir lives to foreign countries, but where ,." th. g.rrro of o*own heroes of the past century?,,

. Realising the danger of even deeper divisions between theAfrikaans- and English-speaking ,.itior* over rhe trek, theGovernment and English.-speak"ing leaders ;.";;rg;; theirpeopl.e to support local celebrations,"to avoid conflict and turn theoccasion into an event for all sections.This was successful to a large extent, and apart from minor inci-dents the two sectionr.o-op.i.ted welr. In D-urban, heart of Engl-ish-speaking Naral,, thousands_ of people formed

" _ii._torgcrowd to welcome the wagon. Scen.s oi wild ..rrfrurirr_ gi..r.a::.,111,,.Ti^d-:

,,,. yy slowty down West Street *hi.f, *r, -packed

wrtn thousands of people, 40 deep in places. The crowd ,ur'hed ,pto the.wagor singing sarie Marii.r. it th. city hall-15-ooo f.opr.waited for the wagon.

,. ,Cl.r.ll, many thousands of those people musr have been Eng_lish-speaking. The spirit was th. ,arr" ihroughou, ,t. .o.rrrr.y.But deep down theri was always the feeling tf,at it *", ,Jty ,nAfrikaner celebration. The Broei.r, *ho toJk .r, acrive prriir, ,fr.trek knew exactly how far to go in ,rt ippirg up Afrikaner emo_

101

tions without antagonising the English section. The delicacy of the

situation was cleaily illuitrated by General Hertzog's dilemma

over the foundation stone ceremony at Monument Koppie' The

controversy centred around the playing of the then national ant-

hem, God Save the King, at the ceremony. If the foundation stone

laying was a State occa"sion attended by the Governor General and

G.relal Hertzog, Cod Save the King would have had to be played'

This was too iruch for the Broeders and Dr Malan's National

Party, and even some Afrikaners in General Hertzog's Govern-

*.rr,, like Dr E G Jansen, Speaker and chairman of the central

committee. The Broed.r, took over the occasion and turned it totheir advantage, pressing for Afrikaner unity, a stron-ger National

Party, Die Stim as the national anthem, and ultimately a republic'

In ail these respects they totally outmanoeuvered the coalition

tff :"8.l:;:ffi;ffs ;:i.t TIf i srs, o as sume res p onsibili tv

for the celebration of the voortrekker centenary and issued the

following statement.2 "The decision to which the Government has

.orn. .oir.mplates the celebration of the centenary on a broadly

national basis -worthy

of the occasion and in such a manner that all

sections of the p.opi. of South Africa can take Part ' ' ' For these

reasons the Government felt that it should in the name of the State

and the people as a whole' assume responsibility for the erection ofa worthy -orrrrn.rt and take stePs to ensure that all arrangements

in connection therewith should be made on a broadly national

basis. It was the opinion that in order to attain this end, the laying

of the foundation stone of the monument should be a State

ceremony. . ."There would probably not have been a dispute had the cel-

ebrations featured only the foundation stone laying at Monument

Koppie. It would have been a much tamer event, with much

.-ril.. attendance, than eventuated' The Broederbond saw its

chance to control the event by arranging the symbolic oxwagon

trek, carrying the emotion and the crowds with it on the way to

Pretoria. The t rmb.r of wagons had to be increased in response to

popular demand, and the Voortrekkers, the youth organisation'for-ed

by the Broederbond, organised a torchlight _procession to

pretoria. As the emotion increaied, the prospect of hearing God

saye the King et the climax of the celebrations became a thought

too horrible for Afrikaner minds to contemPlate - a development

the Broeders were quick to exploit. This finally forced Generals

102

Hertzog and Smuts out of the celebrations. Although a compro_mise was reached which ,h. ;;i;;ed Dr Maran and all acdvepoliticians' the Broeder*oot-orr.. ri. r.rairg role and worked onthe same lines as Dr Malan.on July 26 r93g Generar Hertzog issued a sratemenr thar ,,inpresenr circumsrances it appear.d..,Ih , .";.;.1;i;yir'r"God ,ru,

'!', **r at the koppi.l *""ra i.ra ,. -".r, unpreasantness and bit_terness and the fear had been aroused that;;;;;"nce rhepeaceful develoomenr of our .rrtiorrrl unity would be impeded.,,General H.rtzo, said that ...;;i;;l; English_speaking membersof the united ni.,f ira-r;iG;*",1,d wercome a declsion to de-part from the intention of mak'ing ii. ro,rrarao, ,r-o*"raying aState ceremonv' The .u.rr, *ouli th...fo.. be non-poritical anddescendant, of th" Voortrekker, ;orld lay the foundation srone.In October, anothcr attempt *r, ,*a. by the Centenary Com_mirtee ro persuade Generar H"rrr"g io L;,,;;"f;;ffi,:l srone.He agreed - provided ,rr. r"gliril.p"rf..., ir, ,i.-U],i,"J lr.rycaucus and Dr Malan's Nation"arist, *ppo.t.d the move. GenerarHertzog atreadv had the:;;;;;;ii .rr.rr, but Dr Malan re_fused point-blank ro give ru, ,rpporr. H. rgr".d with the Govern_ment's July statement th.at "" p"iiii.lrns should ,"k. ;; in theceremony' once again it was seen how cleverry th.' Bro.d..,squeezed General Hertzog into a .o.rr.r, and out .ir rr* fimetight.

}:#*"rcould accept exclusion because others *.." Joirg ti,

The strange role played by DrJansen was never fully explained.As Speaker he was J1sr.a.j1.rto*-fr*y politics. f. *r, , ,opBroeder, and as chairman of the C.rrt.rr.y Committee tr. ,rp_ported rhe move to-ban God Saye th, king from the proceedings.However, ir was clearly ,...pr.a" iir, if ,fr" ceremony was nolonger a State occasion, in trr.'i"t...ritt .r"riorrr unity Die stemrvould not have been played either, y"t i, *-r, Dr Jansen who ap_pealed in his speech ,i M"1r-."", ri.ppi. for all ,..rl"rr r. fr.fpmake Die stem the national anthem. A'.'co.dirg ,o ,n" ioi DailyMails "this was greeted *ith thr.rJ.."", ,ppf.use from the crowd

ffj:J,:n""sand and rhey rose to thei. feet to sing the anthem once

Dr Malan and Generar Hertzog agreed on one thing - a poriticalrruce undl after December 16. nJt ti".. *as an unease in Govern-ment ranks as the wagon wheels started ,.lli;;;; e;;;""*r,,Adderley Srreer on AIgust a rq3g.l"aovernmenr Minister, Mr

103

Oswald Pirow, made a speech and that was the last time the

Government of Hertzog and Smuts had any significant part: fromthen on the Broeders took over. As Henning Klopper said, before

the whip cracked in Adderley Street: "Let us build a monument ofunited Afrik"t.. hearts stretching from the Cape to Pretoria' We

trust that the wagons will be the means of letting Afrikaner hearts,

which today *ry ,rot beat in unison, beat as one again'"4 By the

time the wagons'reached the Reef on December 2, it was clear that

his wish had come rrue - Afrikaner hearts were indeed beating in

unison and the fever of nationalism was building.Some of the most vivid descriptions of the scene, the atmos-

phere and emotions appeared in the Rand Daily Mail and sunday

Ti*r, under the by-line of that remarkablejournalist, T C Robert-

son. He captured the spirit of the trek as no other rePorter of his

time did. ihir ir how he described the entry of the wagons into

Johannesburg.s "Modern voortrekkers - Afrikaners whose pulses"b.r,

,o the rh-ythm of the wheels of industry - heard the rumble ofwagon wheels among the skyscrapers in Johannesburg yesterday'

cr*dctitaren of the men whose flocks once grazed on the hills ofthe witwatersrand stood among the cheering thousands in the city

of gold, the gold the old Voortrekkers feared.

';Girl, in Voortrekker kappies leaned out of the windows of fac-

tories in Fordsburg, where the relentless assembly belts stopped

moving as the *rgot t passed . . . miners came up from under-

g.orrJ and raced off to watch the procession . . . Voortrekker cos-

ir.rr., made vivid splashes of colour on the balconies of sky-

scrapers . . . As the wagons passed through the far-flung.suburbs'wheie Afrikaner workers live, thousand of people lined the route,

their enthusiasm not damped by the steady rain."And on the evening's events: "Fifteen thousand Afrikaners,

stirred by deep emotions of patriotism, last night sang .the old

Dutch psalms and anthems that had once echoed through the laag-

ers of the voortrekkers. Above the head of the vast crowd gath-

ered on the Brixton Ridge the two Centenary Trek wagons stood

on high platforms like images on a shrine. Floodlights illuminated

the w-hite tents and brown stinkwood of the wagons . . . Men and

women gazed at rhe cumbersome vehicles that had cradled a

narion, ,id *.r" silent with adoration. . . Fathers lifted their chil-

dren on to their shoulders to show them the wagons ' ' ' The

Afrikaners on the Rand had made a pilgrimage to a new symbol ofnationhood."

104

On Decem'::1, Roberrson repo.rted: .,The grear Voorrrekkercamp on Monumenr.Koppie rti.r.i."itr, rir.iir;;r: ;., thou_

#iu:?:T fi:T ',, "tiilfi'ini., r,l},.""if.L", and thewhite rents. It ,err

campfires drifted low overuh l;;; rows ofshade,

"_i-Ji.;;Jrs a scene with those hard contrarrr_#hgir, ,rra

film set. and noise, which provideJ rh;;;"q*lities of a

"Powerful floodrights played on the- tents and accentuated thered glare of the .r-plfi.., ,g;hrr"rir. white .";";. rr;. rall.y, ,mile below the hili *h;;;;'A,r'rorr,o,s of the VoortrekkerMonumenr were silhou.ii.a"lgr"L rrr. evening sky, a choir of1 000 children were singing d?;;;r songs. The echo of the me-3*ru:*:1lg:Jsr,:'[:];"x'i-",,-,.,d*o-.,,o,,a,h.

"But the h".f., of rn. .r_p are the burghcrs of the commando.They sit loorcly in rheir,;;;l;';;"swasser and bravad.;iR;;;#;I::-an1se to ride with theL ook in g, t th.r. co m m an do, on

" .r,lrr[iilff; ,*ilro

ff ;;,rT;*T;rT:..,bed

as ,r,. g;,.J,",;;;::, mobire fightinj unit in the

_Iff.-#"Xir*;", reached pretoria on December 13 after fourc.rowds"r,,l,l".s,i:tXil:::..Jffi;"*:T"l[f

:*:X,1*the wagons' and their o*r*r',ir."r-n thc flag-bedecked srreetswas the signat for the.ilit;;;'.rr"i.,, belts, the firing of gunsand the ceaseless cheering "f ri.rrrrjr_of p.op1.,,.6 on Decemberl5 Robertson told .r if,. lti"Jr'"oi'nr_..,, ,.The two torchesbrought by relavs of Voortreif..., i",,, Cape Towr, ,ra" Ding_aan's Kraar' arrived r" r-r,. "r,.v';.'r; the. Monum.it iorright.Three thousand boys and gi.lr, .rrriiig.,o..h.r, met rhem on rhchitl above th" r..oi.o1,^.. ru;J.il:a a"*, i.*rrir.,i..r_oIike a winding river of fire ;;ffiil m,e rong. There a crowdor 60 000 stood waiti"g i" ,ii."i ;;;;._.rr."Then, as the .h3{.r righ;";;;; or* rhem, they startedcheering - more lustity *a liiir".i#,.r,,, than I hr,r.

",r.. h.rrda South African ..o*j .h.... Ur;;; irrh.d forward and burned:f" ?.lXi:, :il[':,

n'" at "'r'i'r'' i'a' i op p t " in th e n a m e o r th e

{.r.r,...*;,:;,^:f*1:I:#T:';.",ill:f :f Hffi ;lT:il:darkness round the bare f"#;;il |i rn" voortrekker Monu_ment tonighr' I saw the ourrines "iiii;i t reeies s,houetted against

105

the brilliant lights of Pretoria - the Voortrekker city - in the valleybelow. Thc action of these 20 women was characteristic of the rev-erent spirit that is prevailing at the Monument. Although a softrain was falling they climbed the steep slopes of Monument Kop-pie through the thick growth of protea bushes and long grass.

Fro- the camp the echo of the massed choirs singing hymns could

be heard. In the south the lights of the city of gold, where the

modern Voortrekkers are fighting their battle, could be seen

twinkling over the hills."And so the great day arrived. More than 200 000 Afrikaners at-

tended the ceremony, the biggest and most enthusiastic gathering

of Afrikaners ever. There was no revolution or attempted coup

d'etat as some had feared. Rumours had been spread, fanned bythe fervour of the trek and the mood of Afrikanerdom, that they

would plan to take over the Government. But it was based only on

an interview an Afrikaner dominee had with the famous Boer "pro-phet" Niklaas van Rensburg. Dr S H Rossouw, minister of the

butch Reformed Church at Swellendam, told a Nationalist news-

paper of van Rensburg's "flag of blood" prophecy which led to all

kinds of rumours about a revolution.Van Rensburg was the famous visionary who helped General

Koos de la Rey in the Anglo-Boer'War. According to Dr Rous-

souw, Van Rensburg had predicted the 1938 trek in 1920 when he

said: "In our country I see in the turbulent times oxen and donkey

wagons trekking from the south to the north. The donkey

wagons, however, gradually lag behind, while the oxwagons

gradually increase in numbers. They are escorted by equestrians.

From all sides people will gather in tens of thousands at a spot

somewhere north of Lichtenburg.,,It will be the greatest garhering of Afrikaners in our national

history. All this will happen without any leader summoning the

people together. The people will take things into their own hands

and-those who do not want to stand out of the way, they willtrample to death. Then a great silence will ensue before the storm.

That storm will be severe but of very brief duration. one pail ofblood will tumble over in which our flag will be dipped and the

flag of blood will then fly over a free people."But although the feelings on Monument KopPie were intense,

there was also a lot of goodwill; even the King's message (in

Afrikaans) was cheered. Then, suddenly, it was all over and life

could return to normal - but the Broederbond's intervention in

106

:hl'::,||: ensured that Afrikanerdom would never be quite the

As T C Robertson said in his final report from Monument Kop_pie:7 "The Grear Trek of lrrs ;; ;;i; a vivid memory. But theemorions that it stirred up are rr,i-rri"". il;iliir."* *n"came from their karak.rl frr_, i" S"rif, West Africa, from theircattle ranches in the bushverd, n"nJr]rl'"ineyards and orchards ofthe Cape, are goins back *iti, a;';;;;r., feeting of pariotism."Eight thousanJsch.oorchildrer, i"'rrr. uniforms of the voor-trekker movement,,.will rememU.. ,fr.'ceremony as the greatestexperience of their liyel J rirr.".J-to iieir sh.,r cheers o, s"tr.-day morning as thev-ler, ,rr.i. ,..,1 i"'-rr.t ro pretoria starion . . .

l.-o tlrem singin g'Die Stem r, ;fi; rlirr. to the greatesr monu_menr that will be built on ,r,. f."ffi.."-'"Over the hill in the ..rt, *irt'the rising sun glinting on thebarrels of their rifles, the .o--lrrao. -d. ho_.wards. ].,,

1, S_unday Times, October 23 193g.| lana Daity Mait, Juty 27 1e38.3. Ibid. December ti D$.1. Ibid. August 9 1938.5. S-unday Times, December 193g.6. Ran.d Daily Mail, December 14 193g./. lbld. l)ecember 13 193g.

107

Political Triumph - the 1948Election Victory

The Broederbond played a decisive role in the unexpected

Nationalist victory oT i.g48, which placed South Africa on a totally

new course. The Broederbond supplied the political leaders to

make the victory possible. Virtually all the members of Dr D F

Malan's Cabinet were also members of the Super-Afrikaner

society. They were imbued with the same idealism and determina-

tion to ensure an Afrikaner victory at the polls'

They masterminded the symbolic oxwagon trek of 1938, which

united Afrikaners emotionally and facilitated the later political

unity (see Chapter 4).

They supplied the National Party with the policy of-apartheid

o, ,.prrrt. iev.lopment, which became a powerful political slo-

gp i., contrast to General Smuts's indecisive attitude to racial

matters (see Chapter 3).

They united Afrikaners politically, in spite of sharp differences

of opinion and approach between, for instance, the Ossewabrand-

*rg arrd the Natio.tal Party. They took over the Mineworkers'

U.rIor, which swung six viial seats on the Witwatersrand and en-

abled the National P"arty to win the election with a majority of six

seats.

Soon after the emotion of the oxwagon trek had died down, the

shadow of the Second world war also fell over South Africa - and

Afrikanerdom. Even the emotional unity experienced at Montt-ment Koppie was shattered, and division in Afrikaner ranks be-

came deeper then ever. Smuts won the vote in Parliament sup-

porting the war, and Hertzog had to resign as Prime Minister' For

, .ho.i while he and Malan were reconciled but that, too, was to

be shattered. Smuts called for volunteers to go and fight and, ac-

cording to F A van Jaarsveld,r "a great percentage, if not the

majority, of the white military forces consisted of Afrikaners."In the anti-war emotion tharacterising a strong section of

Afrikaners, a new militant organisation, the ossewabrandwag,

thrived. It soon had 300 000 members, held military parades and

108

rallies, cheered British setbacks and Nazi triumphs. Sporadic sab_otage occurred, and- some memi.^ 9f the organis"ti,o, w... ir_

f,ffi t,Ii'H:tT[Li

uI .:}* co,,..,, -?.,, "

li,i o,, g,], o,.Iouns A d vo ca te Jo;; V;;, *',rr::l:i

-Jf L:k:llTf ,, I*Prime Minister oiso,tt, .iili.r, ai""arik van d-en Bergh, rarer tobecome his security,ra"iro-rri lj ni.r..rr, his economoic adviser.The confusion,-divisio;'Jr

iJrirt.rr impotency in Afrikanerranks had hardlv evel b5e3 gr.ri."i'rrvs van Jaarsveld. ,.It was a

;::13:I ;3-t,;fi,fli,Fruthe period-or.r,il *"r in theApart from Malan,s National party an-d Hans van Rensburg,sosser.vabrandwag, ,rr.r. *r.-rrr; ;; Afrikaner nr.iy-,. _ra. ,pmostly of HertzJg fof lo*"., ,nii.a U, Klasie Havensa.The Broederbond,, fi rs, . r;;;;;; heal the breach in-A f.ikrr.._dom came after the sprit betweerr'H.".rrog and Maran in 1940. Thereason for the split, a :T.r.. story in NatiJnahst.r;k;;;; ertzogr'".as collaborating. with the n.l"_rrorr, was investigated by acommrrtee of Nationalist Membe* .rtrrrir;";;:il.r*, by the;:i,.ffiil;:"" n.o"a..Lo"i, 'i,"r.,,o; j e",;;;-;i"", of

The commission. found that the Freemason story courd not berega-rded as ,,rhe primary ."rr;;;; fb;,h" br.rk, bui that ii.."rt.dconfusion and misrrusr and "indirectrv ,ff..t.d a;;;;;rily at-tempts at reunion.,,2 It .*o.r..rr.d--rh" Fr." State Nationalist[:ff#;LJ,#" d.. rvr..*. ,"i 1a"9.,," c"iij*,.,, rromitcitedt;,#.,Xil:ii_:iT,j?l,l;f '_lli;.#:,"r*,[J:";*form of the party he and frrlrn irJ *.a to establish.General Hertzos was obviourfy U"rrg written off as a force inthe political *r. tf,at was to.o_.. In spite of his stature, he was;'ff ff :,-tin

: Xt :; "l',*iil# -',,, a,.. -, Jr^il,o,y o,,

Because the Ossewabrrra*.g did not have a specified role inff

'tf:-ffi :|,ff [:""F ];r'"' ;i i, i,,.*.,i a ti on s b etween theol,...,a,ii?c,p.'3,",i;.1,:t"'r,?:ff

,*f ;"il;U::"i11*;!rtD r M a lan a n n oun c"d,fi ; ;;. _ "iJ l,'lo u ".r r.-, Jrrl-al i iri,

", *nthe two organisarions would"c._"*;;, ,he party would be acdvepolitically and the grr.yrb:l"ar^i"g l"

"on_political areas such asrhe economic' morar and rerigio;r :i;;..menr of the Afrikaner

109

nation. The Ossewabrandwag would work for Afrikaner unityand refrain from underground revolutionary activiry.3

The anticipated new unity was shattered inJanuary 1941 when a

group of Hertzog supporters split off and formed the AfrikanerF"rty under the leadership of Senator E A Conroy, (later replaced

by Havenga) with 12 other members of Parliament supportinghim. This would become the political home of many OBmembers.

The Broederbond entered the struggle again inJune 1947, realis-

ing that only a combined Afrikaner vote had a chance of defeating

Smuts.Representatives of the Broederbond's cultural and economic

front organisations, the FAK aidReddingsdaadbond, negotiated re-

spectively with Dr Malan and the Ossewabrandwag. The organis-

"iio* found common ground, and a unity committee' under the

chairmanship of Professor LJ du Plessis, former Broederbond

chairman, was formed. The committee put the following motionto the Union Congress of the HNP in Bloemfontein:

"The Congress declares that the Herenigde Nasionale Party or

Volksparty, is the only organisation rePresenting nation-orientatedAfrikanerdom in the field of political leadership. .. Congress,

therefore, makes a serious appeal to all Afrikaners in this hour ofSouth Africa's decision of destiny, to work enthusiastically and ac-

tively together, and to close our ranks. . '" This motion was car-

ried unanimously and Professor du Plessis said: "When Dr Malan

talks in future, it will not only be on behalf of the Party, but on be-

half of Afrikanerdom. "4

But only a month afterwards the Commandant-General of the

OB, Dr Hans van Rensburg, made a veiled attack on the party at a

speech at Elsburg. Professor du Plessis declared that Dr van Rens-

burg "undermined, rather than supports the party."5 The OB also

distiibuted 100 000 pamphlets, serting out the kind of republic itwanted, and Dr Malan demanded their immediate withdrawal, be-

cause this was interference in politics - the party's sphere. Once

again the Broederbond-controlled unity committee intervened,

and the pamphlet was withdrawn. The position between the twooganisations kept on deteriorating, until Dr Malan said he could

no longer ask members of his party to be members of the OB as

well. Those who wanted to leave the OB were free to do so' Anincreasing number of HNP members followed his advice, but itdid not bring unity.

110

The 1943 election was round the corner, and Dr Malan had, 41MPs' In spite of the divisionr i".aaiuner ranks, the HNp im-proved its position slightly, ,o ,",rr.r, 43 Mps against GeneralSmuts's 89 who also hai rfr.,"fp.._f two Independents, the La_bour.parry (9) and ,t,. O"_i"iil"p'arty (2).In its annual report the Federai Co,rrr.it of the HNp said: ,,Thisvictory is onry as temporary as the war - if not shorter - and thetask resting on the HNp, s""ir, arri.r', only alternarive Govern-ment, is bigger than ever.,,6

The sights were, rh_erefore, firmly set on the 194g election, al_though the HNp and Broederu""Jira.rs realised a smalr miracrewas needed to de*at Smuts's massive majority. The Broederbondrnas working hard on shaping the apartireidiolicf J..-. Cf,rpr..12)' which became an HNp ,.i-f-.ri6 in the erecrion. It was alsopressing the HNp to come out ,,or. firmly for a republican formof government -:nother p.il; ;ii;;_ *;f, ,",1,J-l*,, ,"Afrikaner vorers. The Broed;.#"i;, policy^.f _";i;;_rongue

;:::il:T Hn:X'tro"'t i""' ;;; igain"'"i'.i.,g ;ide sup-

The oB was dving as the emotionarism of the war effort wilted,and in 1944 whenDf van l.*U"r"g f".ther undermined the HNpall the party's conqresses decided t'h"t .r.-bers must resiqn fromthe OB. The part"y .T.^rg"d ,,."rrgih"rr.d from the cor,fiict be_cause more and more Afrikaners ..Ilir.d tfrrt "l.tory ,t"rorgf, ,h"

l:li::-T; something

'h' o.i ';;;'a "' - ;;;;J;;i; av orThe last obiective, unity between the HNp and Mr Havenga,sAfrikaner lrrir, now had ro b..;i;;;;. Before the l948erectionon March 22 1947, Malan and Havengr=rrr,o,rn..d that an electionpact had been made whereby ,f,,. fr?ri", rvould not oppose eachother but allocated a certain ,rr-b", of constituencies to eachother to av.oid splitting ,h" N;;;;ii, amt"rrer front.on another front th1 Broederb;;J;r, feverishly working toswing the Afrikaner workers o, tt.-wr,watersrand in favour ofrhe HNP before the election

Dr Piet Meyer and Dr Albert Hertzog, the longest_servingmember with 20 vears on the Executir. of t"h. g..J"?b"ri, ,ooOrhe lead in this drive. Joining the u"rJ. on their side were twoprominenr Broeders, Frikkieie Wer, Faas de V/er, t;ri'C;rry,and, later, Daan Ellis. They .onc.rurrt.a on the Mineworkers,Union which had a membershi p "i ;;000. Vuith their families

111

they held the balance of power in a number of vital Witwatersrand

seais. The Broeders decided the leadership of the union must be

taken from "foreign elements" and put in the hands of Afrikaners

who could influenie the members "positively" in the coming pol-

itical battle. On Octob er 41936 the Broederbond arranged a meet-

ing at which Dr Hertzog, Dr Meyer, Frikkie de Wet and Professor

NIco Diederichs formed the National Council of Trustees "to es-

tablish right-minded trade unions which must serve as links with

the Afrikaner nation."7The National council was financed by the Broederbond. Sev-

eral prominent Broeders including Professor DrJ D du Toit (To-

tius), ProfessorJoon van Rooy (Chairman of the Bond)' I M Lom-

irri'1S....rrry"of ,h. Bond) and MrJJ Bosman (founder ofVolk-skas and the Broederbond's christiaan de wet Fund) served on the

committee.Because the struggle ahead demanded substantial funds for or-

ganisational purpos-el, the Broederbond could contribute to only a

fimited .*,"r, ai that stage - more sources had to be tapped. Mrs

Jan.rie Marais, widow of an Afrikaner leader from Stellenbosch''*r,

"pp.orched by Dr Hertzog and she contributed {'zoOo'

On^Norember 24 1936 Dr Hertzog, Dr Meyer and Faas de Wet

addressed a meeting of mineworkersln the Krugersdorp City Hall

and formed the Adikanerbond of Mineworkers. Faas de Wet be-

came its first organiser. When a closed-shop agreem€ent was

granted to the Mlneworkers' union in April 1937' under which

Srrty th"i. members could work in mines, the position of the

Afrlkanerbond became impossible. They had to change tactics - totake over the Mineworkeri' (Jnion from within' V/ith that aim in

mind the Afrikanerbond became the "Reform organisation in the

Mineworkers' LJnion" in February 1938'

At the same rime, the Broederbond leaders also launched a drive

to get the clothing workers' trade unions into Afrikaner hands. Dr

Heitrog mrde ,epeated trips to the more affluent Cape farmers'

collecting money for the struggle' He also formed Koopk'rag

through"which people could get discounts on purchases' a com-

missiJn being reiain.d by the organisation. Koopkrag laterlecame

a huge ,r...f, in Pretoria.s An Afrikaner philanthropist' Mr Fre-

derif Ziervogel, donated a huge amount ior the establishment of

the Johann ^2irruogrl Fund. ih. i,t.t"tt was to be used for the

,t..r!gl. of the Afrlkaner worker, and especially the women in

.tottirrg factories. The fund is still under Dr Hertzog's control

112

lgd"V.-lergzog also persuaded a rich Stellenbosch farmer, Mrl]:* Neethling-to donate his estate ro a rrust ro be used in thernteresrs of the Afrikaner. The pieter Neethring a",ai"g-L preto-ria today houses the.Hertzog network, and he is in control of thetrust. when the battre for power in the Mineworkers' (Jnion wasfinally won bv the Broeders, the pieter Neethling Fund had con-tributed {,Zl Stg to the victory.

It was a bitter struggle during which Mineworkers, LJnionleaders changed the consiiturion, ielayed erections, and even usedfalse-bottomed ba,ot boxes in o.de.io keep rhe R.fo.-.., o,rr.But the tide was turning against the united party Governmentwhich appeared to be inlol'iusion with the Mineworkers, LJnionIeaders' desp^erately clinging to power, and the chamber of Mineswnlcn atso teared a takeover. The Reformers were making con_stant progress and forming the Afrikaner mineworkers into a por-itical force which had maj-or influence in the -rrginrr-wir*rr.rr-rand sears. Although the final takeover took place"o"ry i, r-949, theswing towards the HNp was almost compl.t. "_org -ir.*o.k_ers when the election took place on Ma 26 .g4g.',,Whe.e theNationalists had only two Reif seats before the election,'rrr", .ro*gained six' In all these constituencies the mineworke.ri ,or. *r,decisive' Those six constituencies brought the Nationalists topower."9

De Klerkl0 observes: "with almost nothing to raise expectationsthat the Government was. in- danger, the country went to the pollsin-May 1948. The rherorical .o.ina.r.. which had been a featureof the planning of intellectuars rike Dieie.ichs, Meyer, cronje andothers, suddenly, astoundingly, proved to be of substance. TheY:t:"igd"Jarty, under D F M;ir" *itt ZO seats, supported by theAfrikaner Party under N c_Havenga with nine seati'hJ-"**".1or-ity of five over the United party uider Smuts with 65, irr. rruo,r.Party, under Madeley with six, and the three Nativ; R;;.r"r-tatives. ' '

It was, indeed, the Broederbond's hour of greatest triumph. Asmall band of brothers.in-191g, they were now the group with pol_itical control of the w^h9le .orrtry. Never would"they let powerslip from the hands.of the Super-Afrikaners. They would reformthe country politically and socialy on raciar rines, with a zeal neverwitnessed before in the world. The campaign they had pl"rr.r.d ,opainstakingly over the-years to build up their secret structure hadfinally given them the biggest prir. orrl - absolute conrrol. Nor a

113

day, not an hour, could be lost ineverything.

The world would look in wondermentgained political control and transformedalmost beyond recognition. It must surelyfascinating political stories of our time.

putting their stamP on

at a secret societY thata sophisticated countryrank as one of the most

1. Van Jaarsveld, F A, Van Riebeeck tot Verwoerd, P ?47' - - ^2. Malin, M P A, Die Nasionale Party van Suid-Afrika, p 202'

3. Brochure: Ons Party en die OB, P3.4. Ibid. p 4.5. Malan, M P A, Die Nasionale Party uan Suid-Afrika, p206'6. Ibid. p 214.7. Naud'e, Louis, Dr Albert Hertzog, die Nasionale Party en die Mynwerkers, p 27

8. Ibid. p 100.9. rbid. p 239.

10. De Klerk, W A, The Puritans in AJrica, p 224.

t14

,*r**n***r*r**r.,,..' iiiitjj1ffi

ifiliiriliil,iii ;ti

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$$$ i$iiii trtlffi,.,,

6 After the Victory

The Broederbond was erated by the erection result. It had goodreason to be: after all, it was Broederbond strategy r.rJir.ti.. tfrrthad put the Nationarists in ,";;. Many leading Broedersdoubted that victory at_ the polli could be achieved so soon afterthey had impremented their pr* L resrore Afrikaner uniry,*:rgh- they workea Jry ,1i;j;r"for it. Dr Malan, rhe newPrime Minister, did not

"".., t "rr."ni, shadow CrUir.il.riy *n.r,the result was announced.

--, -Y]r train trip from Cape Town to pretoria became a triumphantvrctory tour' on every station platform crowds were waiting tocheer him on ro the north *h;;-;; Governor_General, Mr GBr:9 van-Zyl, would ask him ,o for- the Governmenr.Before the erection, Generar sr"rJr united e..rf irJ'a9 seatsin Parliament but courd count " th vores, r".ira-g

"L"bo*Party MPs and Native Representatirr.r. aft.. the erection he wasleft with only 65 seats, plus ,i" r.uorrrites and ,rr... N"rire Rep_resentarives who normally_supported him: a toral of 7d-fir. l.r,than the Nationar and afrftai.'. p"rii..' 79. After appointing theSpeaker, the Nationalists had , -r;o.iiy of only four.But a majority it was._ ft, impJ.trnce could be seen in sub_sequent elections when the Nationalists went from strength tostrength. Today, after 30 years in power, they are ,r-rg., ,frrnever. The Broederbond was righi: achieving Afrika;.? ,riry,maintaining it at all cosrs, wouia proUrUty ?..p ;;ikanerGovernment in power for ever i" rir*A circumstances in SouthAfrica.From the Broederbond point of view, the new NationalistGovernment, their politicar'

".- i"ti"g contror, represented amassive breakthrough. It would mean rhe end of ofticiar cam-paigns against them-. euite ,fr. "pp"rite: the new regime con_

:l:'ll* mainly of Broeder. *"ura'gi* th. Bro.d.rbond its bres-slng to expand its activities. For the"Bo"a it *r, ii. J"y "riir. p"r_itical pay-off For years they had be., struggling to get their

117

people in key positions: they achieved a measure of success onlyt..i,s. of ttreir absolute secrecy and cunning. But this was a God-given opportunity to reward those who had been working so hard

for the success of the Bond.All of a sudden the whole civil service, government boards and

corporations, had opened up and could be packed with Broeders.

Not only would this expand the influence of the Bond, it wouldcreate new bonds of loyalty between the Bond and members whowere rewarded with top positions.

The 1948 election produced a number of "firsts" for the Broe-derbond. Dr Malan was the first Broederbonder to become Prime

Minister. The top position in the country had fallen to them- His

cabinet was not only the first exclusively Afrikaner cabinet in

South Africa's history, it was also the first Broederbond Cabinet.Minister Broeders wereJG Strijdom, CR Swart, EGJansen,

Dr D F Malan. The frst oJ a continuing line oJ Broederbond Prime Ministers.

118

lyt-d

d

;.

c

)

Eben Donges, Ben Schoeman, F C Erasmus, AJ Stals and paulSauer' only Eric.Louw ,"a ri"ri.-Havenga *".i .rot Broeders.It was an unbelievrUf. ."rf-fo.ln o.gr.,irrtion which had suchhumble beginnings only 30 y'";^;;.e, and only three years pre_viously was outr-awed'in t'tre '.iiir''r".ri.e.

v/ith Broeders en_sconced right at the top of the ,i_irirt.rrion, the process of"Broederisins" went doir, ,o ,t.li*"st lever. For the first timeBroeders *.r". in, t_h" ;;ri;;;'orrn their memb".r, ih. Super_Afrikaners, into ke-ypositions *itin ,1. approval _ and somedmesactive supporr _ of the prime Ml;;. and the Cabinet.In most cases it happened ,; ;;;;;""s became routinery ava,_able through redrement or death, but in some cerebrated instancesthe Broederbond could not *ri, _ ,fr.y provided vacancies forsome of the,.,", ::,Tbers

simply by gil,lng civil serv#, gold.nhandshakes and retiring th"- 'p."-aturely. The three mosrfamous cases were:n"^i ;{il#';.r.rrt,Err.r"i poor", cn,CBE, DSo, of the Defer.. F;;,": Mr .W

Marshall Clark of theRailways and Mr Gideon R.;r-;f-,h. sABc. The Broederbond,sreasoning was obviously that th.r" *".. k"y ,t.rt.g"i.] -rUrr.yand propaganda posts' Ii.*as .nrifit.ring though, because rhesecases were forced into the operr"rnd South liric^-."rfa g., ,fJ:Tffi :,i,:! To':.,

o,',r, "

n

"..i.,u L a -*,, *h ; 1, ;;.r,i - "dverwoerd).

control every sphere of South Afii;irfb" (D;Only 43 davs after-the Nationalists, surprise victory the newMinister of Defen.e, y, F C frlrrn*, dropped , bombshell onthe South African Defence F;;. ;;ilIporitio,

of Deputy Chiefof the General Staff now f,.fa Uy ff,Ao._C.n".rt poole *rr,.."rt"dduring rhe ,*,ar. The G^overn;;;;;'.r';ot intend ro fill the post of|jj;:I,anief

of the General sirir"-** "acared

by Major_ienerar

Just like that.South African sordiers were shocked to the core because GeneralPoole was a highry respected ora... *a the clear front-runner rotake over as chief of ,r," o.i"".";;;:And here a new Minisrerwho had actually opposed South af.i.r,, war effort bitterly, andwho never wore a ullform hi_r.lf, ;;;;shed poole,s chances in atwo-line statemenr. The fa* ;rr,;;;;.r., th.t General poole didnot vacate his post as Erasmus put it: fr" *r, demoted and kickedour of the way to crear th" *rf ro.-anitrrer Broederbonders.In a debate in the Assembly;.i;;;; ber 171948 the Minister

119

of Defence said that although he had made it perfectly clear that he

was not prepared to appoint General Poole to the position of Chiefof the General Staff, he would make use of his services. That was

why he had appointed him Head of the South African MilitaryMission in Berlin.z The Berlin post was almost a non-post. It was

little more than a consulate under another name. Germany was a

defeated country, not a sovereign or military Power, and merelyan occupied territory. On July 13 1948 the Rand Daily Mail's Lon-don correspondent reported that General Poole's appointment toBerlin "has been received with a great deal of surprise in London.As a soldier he ranks high in the estimation of the British militarychiefs, and considerable surprise is being expressed at his appoint-ment to what is for all practical purposes a non-military post."

According to all accounts, especially those of the soldiers whoserved under him, Poole *r, orr. of the greatest soldiers SouthAfrica ever produced. General Smuts appointed this career soldierin 1943 to succeed the immensely popular General Dan Pienaar incommand of the 1st South African Division. Most of Pienaar'sloyal soldiers doubted whether Poole - or for that matter anybodyelse - could take Pienaar's place. Yet Poole succeeded through hisexample as an outstanding soldier, loyal at all times to his men.General Smuts's citation when he appointed Poole Major-Generalsaid: "During hard and intense fighting, Major-General Poolecontrolled the battle of his brigade in such a calm and determinedmanner that all enemy resistance was overcome." At only 40,

Poole became the youngest general in the South African Army.Major-General Poole led the famous attack which pierced the

Gothic Line in Italy and the message to his men afterwards givesan insight into his relationship with them. "It is with unboundedpride that I look back on the great events of the last year. Duringthese 12 months of bitter fighting in ltaly, every man in this div-ision has played a most worthy part, both in and out of battle. Thefighting men have never flinched either in the heat of battle or dur-ing the grim static phases when we held our positions throughoutthe winter.

"'W'e are proud and honoured to have represented our countryin this momentous period in the history of the world. We are

thankful for our speedy and decisive victory in the final phases ofthis campaign. Even the most optimistic appreciation did not fore-see such a rapid and complete defeat of the German forces in ltaly.

"In three short weeks a powerful enemy was destroyed and

r20

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fs

;

I

nearly one-third of the country and a harf-of the Itarian populationwas freed. I need hardly ,dd'how !r"t.frl we are to have beenpresent at the coup.de grace of Nar'idom and to have made ourcontribution to its dowifrll.,,,It was genera,y assumed that Generar poore wourd succeedGeneral Sir pierre van Ryneverd as chief of the Generar staffGeneral van Rvneveld was a".i. ."tire about 10 months after theNationalisrs took power, but within dry, it b.._r;;;.-th"t rh.yhad their own ideas fo, thi, i-p"rir", post. one of the reasons theNationalists would not give ,rr. p"r,i" poole was thar he was rela_

li":[^rorng, only 46,lnd *ouiJrr*" been chief of the GenerarStaff for at reast 10 years. rr. *.uiJrrave brocked the way for anAfrikaner Broederbonder for a, ,* torrg. It must be rememberedthat there was no B.oeder- .erdr;; ilt! or., r__"]i.iiy: theywere bitterly opposed to the *r. .ffo-...r. yet they planned ahead,and opened the way at least by ,.morrirg poole., r-*'-..-.rAnother reason, some ex_soldiers believe, was that poole ashead of the A.T, would t rr,. U."r, totally incompatible with thenew Nationarist administration. H.r" o, the one hand was theEnglish-speaking career soldier who threw Urrr.ii*irh grrro

Ij:"*:JJ',|:'ff::leNazis ,na -.a" no secret orhis deright, inon th e o,r,., i,., il T;Ij'.:J : J, : T;r'n' rT; ::_^X,?;#,::ljIeagues in the Cabinet, hrd.p;;;;;ri. *.. against the Nazis withequal gusto and whimp.r.d.r..y J-. rrr" Nazis suffered a defeat.It just courd not *oik. Th" ni".J..uora had to show pubricrywhat the new criteria wourd b.. o;-;"gust g 194g the talr, dis-tinguished-lookins Generar p""i.lrri"eiearry irr ri.-#ing atZwartkop Air Stalion ro leave fo, hl, ,.* post in Berlin. A Iargeparty of Defence Force officers .*.i,ooi. aia ".ir.r". to hi, deep disapp",l?,,illr.*"odbve.

General

He did valuabre work for iri. ."u"oy in the dipromatic fierd,and was promoted on a few o..rriorr.-But his yearning was sdllfor the military andrris officers;J;;" in the Defence Force al-ways missed him' He died in March 1-969, h^uirg declined a fullmilitary funerar offered by the si.i". frr. sunday Times said: ,,Itwas his only gesture reflecting rrir J..p happointment and bitter-ness- *I:l he kept Tdg*

_"r, U"ing'.ursorily debarred from be_coming Chief of the Defence Fo...-ir--The second case where th- .r.r.i Broederbond administrationshowed its hand was in the South anl'.r, Railways, the largest

rir

i,l

ii.

ir

121

single employer in South Africa and a breeding-ground for the

Broederbond. F.om the time the Broederbond was started in

1918, Railway personnel played an important role in it' As a result

the Broederbond also played an important role in the Railways

after the Nationalist, .i-" to power in 1948' In fact, every single

general manager of the Railways since 1948 was a Broederbonder] th.t is, after-they had removed the stumbling-block called Clark.

W Marshall Clarl, OBE, at 45 was the youngest man ever to be

appointed General Manager of the Railways (on July 27 1'945)'

Marshall Clark. (Reproduced by kind of The Star).permlsslon

122

Therefore' when the Nationarists came to power he had a fu, 13and perhaps 1g years to serve as general ,r;rr;;; ... iiJprorp..,was unacceptable tothe_Super-Alrikaner Cabinet and to the lead_ing Broeders, H w H..t.JJt-rJ'b n.c d, pl;;;,"ivaiting inthe wings' so Marshalr c;rk ;;r?...a out on earry reriremenrand given a gotden hrnarnrk. ;i;;;r, {so ooo _ , ,_rll forrunein those days' wH.H..k.ooai*l]l"rrared as generar manager,and when he retired

"ot torf .n.i, Orrri. du plessis took over.Marshall Clark was a career railwayman, joining as a pupil en_gineer in 192r' He was a rieutenant-colorr.r in the war. He bu,t theAllies' railway line througr, svrir,", srraregic track through themountains of Svria rinking the parestinian port of Haifa with thesl:i': oil piperine termin-us of Bei.ut. war correspondents des-cribed this work as ,,an epic of *il*ry construction.,,In a farewell message ro the railway staff he said on February g1950: "At th. ,ep.atJ ,rd .;r;;;;'#qr.r, of the prime Ministerand the Minister of Transpo.t p*t-iruer) I have agreed ro rerireimmediately from .ry poiition as General Manager of the Rail_ways to undertake orher work which ,tr"y fr*" ,-rl;i;; to do.As a lifelong railwayman, and the son of a railwayman, Ihave al_ways thought of the South afr.aoRr,ways;r;;'iiftl, *ork. ttis rvith a sad heart that I Ieave ";;.;;'The "other work" that Ma.s'hrii'cr"rt referred ro was a feeblepretext to get him out of the way. He was asked to become secre-tary general of an iT:.iT organisation for Central and SouthernAfrican Transport. The hal.irk;;;;, never really got off theground and Marsha, crark p"riJ-.r,rt or ir soon after it hadstarted. Fortunatery for him, h" hri--hrirr.a

", ."_i.rrrrtio.,from the Governmenl.^J,h.V *... ,o keen that they agreed andpaid him a pension as if he r,"a ..-plied his fu, term Jf ,e.vice.They took into accoun,^r!, ;.;i;';;; of 50, Mr Clark had .,anatural Iife expectalcV of.29 y...r.,; ii..irf legislation .orJoringthe Government's financial.ar.rng.-In,, for Mr clark,s retire-menr.had,,: b. approved. n, ,t,rirrrg. , ngrr. of f+0000 wasmentioned, but it rurned our ro U. is-0 0oO.During the debate^in the S.""i", S.raror D Jackson (United)arty) onJune 13 1g5O q""r"J.,r-o.rl rfrr, the Broederbond had';aid, "Eirher Mr Clark jo., or ri.-iiirrir,., goes.,,6 Mr Clark hadireen sacrificed. The Railway Cr*"r"."r'Commission, giving rail_.IrV-.= the opportunity to .oTrpl.ir,

"bout treatment undir theSmuts Government, had ."r, {Zg0OO.'Aaa to that Mr Clark,s

123

pension and ir had cost the country {qS OOO to put one Broeder-

Londer (M Heckroodt) in power for two years until retirement,

Senator jr.kso, said. He ,dd.d that there should be a judicial in-

quiry to-discover why Mr Heckroodt was enjoying such consider-

ation. Senator A M ionroy (United Party) said the removal of MrClark resulted from the droederbond constitution's demand for

all key positions to be held by Broederbonders. when the case was

discuised in Parliament on February 24 rg5o, Mr S F Waterson'

former Minister of Economic Development, said: "The size of the

compensation which the Ministe, of Tt""port has arranged for

Mr elark is a measure of the sense of his guilt'"Mr Clark did not remain idle for long' He was an extremely

competent man and was snapped up to become a director and

-rrrg., of Anglo American, i director of De Beers, General Min-

l.rg arid Finance Corporation, Rand Mines, and other companies'"Mr

Heckroodt was one of the earliest members of the Broeder-

bond. He was born in the Free State in December 7892 endjoined

the Railways at the age of 16. He advanced through the clerical and

station-maste. g.adei to reach head office' On the same date in

1945 that Marshall clark became General Manager of the Rail-

ways, Mr Heckroodt was appointed Deputy General Manager'

Th. .r.* Broederbond Cabinet was faced by the problem here

that Marshall Clark was blocking the way for two of their top

members to become chief of the Railways' They could not wait

that long. The Railways was a massive undertaking of the kind

that the-Broederbond had prepared for years to take over. Heck-

roodt had only three years to rerirement in 1950, and du Plessis

eight. Leaving Marshail Clark in the job would have stymied the

Bond. It was a matter of principle for them that their long-serving

Broeder be rewarded, that the Bond's policy of controlling all the

top positions be fulfilled, and that other Broeders should become

aware of what was wairing at the end of the line for them if they

srayed loyal to the Bond *.rd th. party. Daniel Hendrik cilliers du

plessis became Deputy Manager when Heckroodt became General

Manager. When Hectroodt retired three years later, Du Plessis

took over the toP Position.Du Plessis *", born in the colesberg district in 1898. He joined

the Railways as a messenger when he was 16' It was only a few

years later in Johannesbuig that he met Henning Klopper, about

ih..r-. "g.

irrd also on thi Railways. They had the same political

outlook, a-nd felt strongly about the plight of the urbanised

124

D H c Du Plessis. BroederbondJounder member anir Rairways Manager untir t96t.

Afrikaner after the Boer war. So Du pressis became one of thethree young Afrikaners who met on a koppie near Johannesburgin 1918 to plan the Broederbond. Their ranks had been expandedII ,1.. time they met asain for the .ffi;;i-;;;;;";r,-"1""a o"Plessis's Broederbond number was g. A[ the ,.ri., it indicated apowerful position in the organisation. According to the Bond, hewas entitled to the reward. of becoming G.rr.rai tvt"rrrg.. t.fo..retirement' Du Plessis.in his own right'was an extremely capabreman, but the fact of the matter i, tilrt if Clark hrd .rot'be.r, .._moved he would not have reached the top position.

Du Plessis served the Railways for 46 -years,

and in that timebeen absent from work only orrc. *h"., fr. frri'-"_fr. ffi., fr.became General Manager in 1953 the Railway, "-ptoy"a'-iio ooopt:pl.r and the daily wage bil was R610 000. H. *a, p.o.rJ or,r,.role that the Railway, ,nd.. his direction played i, irrlfl._.rrtirrg

the apartheid policy. In Septemb.. rqsi f,. tofa , g.o;f;f orr.-seas business men that the Government,s plan forihe 1'r.g._r.rr.

t2s

resettlement of blacks would have meant Railway expansion of

fiO_-iffi.n. He said that between 1956 and 1963 about 932000

blacks would be housed in their own townships near Johannes-

burg, Germiston, Benoni, Pretoria, Cape Town and Durban' Of

this"number, about 400 000 would travel to and from work in

electric trains.By the time Du Plessis retired in 1961 the Broederbond was

n.-iy entrenched in top positions inthe Railways' Since his time

.r.ry general -rrrrg., h" b"t"- a Broederbonder' and the top

echelons of the o.gr#.rtion have been packed with members' Ob-

;;lt there has"also been a ripple eifect in other departments,

and in industries interwoven wiih the operations of the transPort

giant.The case of the South African Broadcasting corporation was

sUgfrtty different from the previous two cases' Taking control of

,rrfh , po*erful propagmd'medium with monopolistic authority

was, of course, or. o? the main aims of the new Broederbond

Government. Strangely enough, although they thought they had

ii ,tt ,.*., up it diinot *otk out exactly as planned'

As chairman of the SABC Board of Governors they appointed a

veteran Broederbonder, Dr S H Pellissier, father of uolkspele in

South Africa. But the chairmanship did not carry much weight'

Dr Pellissier was getting old, and he did not have enough drive'

R.rl po*., in the"corporation was vested in the Director General'

Here they took a J.ltr,.a risk which did not p'y -"ff' As in the

Defence Force, there was no Broeder in line whocould possibly be

appointed on merit' The man they appoi",t:d 'P!:1.:1^:" h'"'

cr.d.rtirlr, although he was "ot a Btoider' He was Gideon Roos'

son of a former dpringbok rugby captain 'i{ YP.for Stellen-

bosch, Mr Paul Roos. Cidtot' Roos was a qualified advocate who

had devoted his life to broadcasting' One of tht strong points in

his favour, ,, f*, ,. the Broederboid was concerned' was that he

;;foprlrrir.d" the symbolic trek in 1938 over the ra.di1 1-1such

an

extent that it b.crm. an emotional mass movement reuniting the

Afrikaners, and contributed substantially to the election victory 10

years later.Roos was only supposed to accomPany the trek to its first stop

outside Cape Tow.r.^ tt" rest of the long journey to Pretoria

would have gone almost unnoticed if his broadcasts had not been

so-outstandirig. They gripped the imagination and emo^tions of the

Afrikaner nation to'trlt ," t*tt't that the demands for Roos to

126

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Cideon Roos. Ffrs position was undermined by the Broeilerbond.

accompany the trek to pretoria became irresistable. (Jnbeknownto him, Roos ensured with his broadcart, .*r.tly what the Broe_derbond had hoped the trek would achieve.

^ when they had to appoint a new Director General in 7949, thecabinet chose Roos - brt they had misread him. He insisted onscrupulously fair reports and comment, not favouring or. pr.,yover the other. He would nor allow the SABC to b. rr].d * . pro_gaganda machine for the National partv.At first they thought rhe fault lay *;ih th. weak chairmanship

gf Dr Pellissier, so in.r95-9 th.y ,.ilr.ed him with a prominentBroederbonder, Dr piet Meyei. n.lr riirr ;ir;Sffit dii;;; ,r,,

SABC Dircctor,

r27

into a propaganda machine overnight, because the chairman did

not have the necessary Power to tt'fottt his will and' secondly'

Gideon Roos resist.i bi"t.d broadcasting' In order to get the

SABC completely under Broederbond control the problem had to

be aproached from two sides: the chairman had to be given more

po*i.t, and Roos had to be ousted'^InAprillg6lRoosfoundhispositionuntenableandresigned.

Like Marshall Clark he received a golden handshake' The Star on

aprfL ti tgOt said his resignation had come as no surprise. "FIis

erLc,rtir. tasks as Director'General had been whittled away one by

one until he was left with almost nothing to do'" As in the case of

General Poole in the Defence Force, the SABC Board now an-

nounced that Mr Roos's Post had fallen away'

The Board of Governois, initially advisers to the Director Gen-

.."1, took over the function of the Director General. The chairman

of tire board, Dr pJ Meyer, became the effective head of broad-

.rrii"g in South Rdi.r. 6orrr-.,t. d The Star: "lnhis 24 years of

broadlasting Mr Roos had persistently championed the cause of

impartiality"in the function if the SABC and the maintenance of

de.rro.rati. principles in broadcasting' He always !"ght vigo-

rously ,rry itt.-pt to convert the SABC into a Government

propaganda machine."' iUJ Srnaoy Times of April 161961said: "The Government and

the Broederborrd hr,r. *o, their four-year struggle to get rid of

MrGideonRoos.Withhisdeparture,thelastobstaclehasbeenre.moved for the conrrol of broJcasting in South Africa to fall com-

pletely into Political hands."' Th; Sundiy Times reported that Mr Roos had told them some

time earlier: .,The SAB^C provides a service to the public- and is

therefore a servant of the public, not a servant of the Govern-

ment."When Dr Meyer was appointed chairman of the board in 1959' a

new post of executive chii.man was created' This gave Dr Meyer

not ;ly control of legislation in the Corporatiol'.b"t ?"ttti|]iFadministrative and exJcutive Powers' He kept a dght rein' especr-

ally on matters of political importance'b, Mey..', ,rrd^M. Roos's views on broadcasting had clashed

head-on. Somebody had to yield, and as usual it was not the Broe-

derbond. A case in point was that of Mr Jannie Kruger' who re-

signed as editor of t^h. Transualer in 1961to become "cultural ad-

viser" to the SABC. This was a new post created by Dr Meyer' by

128

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$

$

the then Boss Broeder, for another Ieading Broeder. Mr Kruger,sseries of talks The South Afri.can Srrn, p.rovoked a public and parli_amentary ourcry against poriticar sraniing in the s^agc. M. Roo,said he had no authority ro censor ihe"talks. Ti.;;;;; ,,sanc_tioned at a higher lever." The

".*r ri.f Dr Meyer took to Iimit MrRoos's power, was to appoint direciors with specific tasks. Al_though Mr Roos .*r, "* of them, control was split among fivemen - three of them Broederbonders - given functions which

X.:tiff,"i::jvJris' Administration was aliocat"3," rta.j-e A van

.---^_ .-_ , :"^..."^.i_:.:retary of the corporarion, Finance io MrJ NJwanepoel, a surprise appointment of a man who was formerly arailway clerk - unt, one rearns tt rt rr. came from the breeding-ground of the Broederbond - and Mr C O frr.hr, anotherBroeder, took another giant ,t.p l, tri, meteoric rise to power inthe SABC by getting tf," port of Oi...ro, of programmes. (Inci_dentally, Dr Mever was to revive the post of Director Generalwhich he abolished when h. orri.J vtl noor. First, Mr Fuchs heldit, and it is now MrJ N S*r.,.po"l;r.tM. Norman Fil_". *r, prtin charge of planning and developr."r. Mr Roos, stripped of allthese tasks, was reft with onry sf.i"gu.r. Radio and the Africaservice' These invorved

"e.y riitre poliTy di.ection or administrat-ion.Most of the staff

nuence h,d b.;;;"ffff:l ::r:ff: f::'l::#;HT;'.::He had built up a reputarion for being sc.upulousry fair and creat-ing harmony between English r"a,fnitr"r;l;;ltd i..I"rr.r.At a farewell_party at B.oldcast Horr. o., June 1 1961 hetold hist"tr ylg had presenred him with a .i-k*Loa dtrpr;; .'r"biir.t, ..rwould like to have spent the resr of my life working,fo, .raio i,South Africa, but a man can't alway, io *hrt he wants to do.,,7In an interview with The star (May 3o 1961) he said: ,,It is noteasy to pull up roots and break r*ry ,fr., a quarter of a century ina profession I love as much a, b.ord.rrting. I hrd hop"Ji*ortahave the privilege of serving -y .;;;;; and my people in broad_casting until the day-of-m], ,.ri..-.rr,'.,, The Broederbond wasnow firmly in conrrol of a mighty profrg..rd" machine. Anotherkey to contror of ail spher., oiirflr'.-# in South Africa had beenseized.

By 1961 the undisputed boss of the SABC was Dr Meyer. Hehad become boss of the nro.d".borJ _lgo-,Ji;;#n.iorr'*".,the most powerful positions in South Africa.

129

Pieter Johannes Meyer was born-in J':Yty.1909 in 3tl"^,-.1:

Orrng. ir.. Stat.. His educational qualifications are rmpresslve:

Bachelor of Arts, HA; Teache's' biplo-'' Master of Educa-

tion, Maste. of Arts [Psychology), Maiter of Arts (Philosophy)'

Doctorates i, riteratur.'""d phliosophy (Amsterdam) and Philo-

,ophy (South Africa)' He b.ec.ame a primary school teacner ln

1git,*ot.d to, hlgi' school the next yeat' at'd in7933 became a

lecturer at the pr.i"ti' Teachers' Coilege' Dr McYer was the

FA-K;; , retary from 7936 to 7943' According to HNP-sources'

he was axed as rrrl,i"i secretary of the BroederbondrnTg42'F{e

then occupied two other important positions apart from that as

secretary of the FAK: he *" 'l'o "'i't"'t secretary of the Broe-

derbond and secretary of the Reddingsdaadbondfonds'--Apprr.rrtly

the Executive Council discovered that Meyer was

strongly under the influence of the Ossewabrandwag of which he

was a staunch -.-Ut'' He used his Broederbond position to

favourtheOBrrr,i-""*t'enitwastheExecutiveCouncil'spol-i.y ,o, ," trk. ,ida between the Afrikaner organisations' but to

work toward, ,.-rr.iri"riorr. To keep him.under control the

Executi'leCounciltoldhimhisresponsibilitiesweretooheavyand that he must resign the Broede'bot'd post' Dr Y".VeI

then re-

signed all his po.,t "ia from 1942 to 1951 he was with the news-

paper Dagbreek ^na-io'naognuus-,

fitst as a journalist and then as a

secretary. From rqsi ," iqsq t" worked for Dr Anton Rupert's

Rembrandt Tobacc"o corfor"tlon as chief Public Relations'offi-

cer. on August r iqsi tti was plucked from this obscurity to be-

come a national figure'The man *ho p""t him in this powerful position y" Pt

Albert

Hertzog, , lif.lorrf ftit"a *ncr .t:ltd the Broederbond at about

rhe same rime as fr"y... In the tqao. they srarted their campaign

to take over the tvti"t Wotkers' lJnion and turn it into a pro-

Nationalistorganisation.Inthelatelg40sHertzogandMeyersuc-ceeded in this, ,,,Jif" mineworkers on the Reefiwung a number

of vital seats to the Nationalists'Hertzog *r, ,ppoit'ted Minister of Posts and Telegraphs in

1958 by p, V.r*'o'"'a' fnit gave him the direct say in the affairs

of the SABC ,rd i" started slcheming immediately to get the key

post of chairman';;;; L;'rd for liis friend Meyer' In fact' he

promised Meyer the post before he had even discussed the matter

with Dr Verwoerd! 'Vtt*oetd was uPset because he wanted to

appoint somebody with more Prestige'

130

. Although Meyer was well-known and respected in Broedercircles, the general public only knew him, if at all, ,, pnO fo.Rembrandt. Verwoerd rpp.orih.d Mr M C Botha, i"r., Mirirr..of Bantu Affairs, but fortunately for Meyer _ perhaps Hertzog andMeyer spoke to Broeder Botha _ he turned ltto*rr. The way wasthen clear for Hertzo.g to give the plum job to Meyer, eve, thoughthe majority of Cabin., ftinirr.., oppor.d the choice.Meyer now had one of the mosr pfw..frl opinion-influencing

positions in the counrry. As he told an Afrikaanse Handersinstiruutcongress in Pretoria in September 1967, the spoken word wasmore powerful than.th1rr.".-i. or hydrogen bomb in today,s un_certain world' He also held that ..iio liit..rers did not have rheright to prescribe the poricy of the

'ABC, any more than news-paper readers had the right to prescribe the policy of r r.*rp"p...,

what he failed to -"rti.., was that the sabc trral -"""poristicposition entrenched in the law, and people simply frra to ti'rt.r, toit if they wanred to listen to the.rdio. N.*rprp!.s, on the otherhand, were in'olved in serious circulation Urtti.i r"i p."jl frra ,wide choice.In spite of predictions to the contrary, Dr Meyer has been re-appointed chairman of the SABC every time his term expiredsince 1959, the last time from January 1977 for a further threeyears. It is clear that through hii position in the Broederbond hehas established a powerful] armos't unassailable poritio, i, ar.i-kanerdom. At the time when Mr vorster faced a sprit in Afrikanerranks, pro19\ed by the Hertzog group, he had'to consiJer the

::.""q possibility ,hi: plM-.yer would-rry ro rhrow the powerfulBroederbond behind his lifelong friend, Albert Hertzog.'M. vo.-ster and Dr Meyer were in .orrrL.rt contact and it is clear that dealswere made between vorster and the Broederbond, and [.,*"..,him and Meyer. That is the-onry expranation for Meyer's retentionof power for so long and d.rpit. * -rrry controversies.

It must also be borne in mind that Dr Meyer entrenched himserffirmly in the SABC by surrounding himself with y.r__.r, "rraBroeders' Almost the entire-hierarch| of the sABa u'.i""g, ," rrr.

:::r.r society of Super-Afrikaners. f)r Douglas Fuchs, thJfor,,,..Director General, is a Broeder; the presertbir..to. General, MrJ N Swanepoel, is a Broeder; Dr Jan Schutte *t o *", ,...rrttypromoted to the post of Directoi General (programm;J,

" ,Broeder. Mr Steve de Viniers, Dire*or of Afrikairs andingrishProgrammes, is a Broeder. Mr T van Heerderr, ....rrrtf ,pfoirrt.a

131

Director of Bantu and External Services' is a Broeder The new

head of the SABC l"^mt i"" State' Mr B J Steyn' is a.Broeder' as

is Mr L S Seegars, Director of Schools Radio Service' Deputy

Director General (Administration) Mr Gert Yssel and Mr E van

H E Mischke, head of S,o,., and Supplies, are Broeders. Dr

Meyer has obviourfy itf'"""ihi"g u'aot'" to "t"t the Broeder-

bond's position fo. J"t "d "tttli' the SABC' As the older ones

retire, the younge. B'otdt" will take over and even under another

Government, the r'o-tJ"Jo"d will be firmly in control of the

country's radio and television services' --:^^:^^.,,1,i-h in

Dr Meyer *", ,t'o tf'airman of the commission which investr-

sated th.'advisability of television' In fact the outcome was cut

l;i dil;f;;ht investigation was started' The commission

*^ ,pp.i"t"d orrlf 'ftt' -tlit Government had had discussions

with the Executive'Council of the Broederbond' The terms of ref-

erence were agreeJitt*"t" them' The Minister of Posts and

Telegraphs, then s;;;; J-P ""1 der.spuy' who appointed the

commission, was a leading Broeder -jn fact the secretary at one

stage. The commi*io";'"tt'airman' Dr Piet Meyer' was then

Broederbond chairman' A member of the commission was the

Reverend 1 S C"ri.k., a former dgf.utv chairman of the Broeder-

bond. The secretatv i" n' l"t' Stht'itt' also a leading--Broeder'

The TV era gave a new l""ttf lift to Dr Meyer' who likes to do

things on a grandiose scale' The new headquarters in-Auckland

Park would u",r,. J""i;;;*y of the largeinations of the world

and Dr Meyer's office is out of thrs world' No t"pttrs" was spared;

original paintings ;; t*'t-African artists "" ot' tht walls' and the

furnishings ,." r,,,iq"ts' The restaurant and bar for SABC execu-

tives might U. p,tt lf ' five-star hotel' The Government hides be-

hind the fact that ,f,. ingC is "autonomous" and refuses to give

informationonsuchmatters,eveninParliament.At the opening of the new TV complex' th:llPi spent about

R250 000' an m,t"'t't i'*' *" laid for about R10 000' a planeload

of overseas "irir"i, *", no*n in, taken to the Kruger National

Park, and then fromJoi"ttU"tg to Cape Town in theBlue Train'

The same "*rrrt'gi"tt

-it aitpi'ytd t"'y year at

'the .SABC'sArtes awards ceremony' It appears as if Dr Meyer' by.throwing

money around, i;';'ty"lg io.*it the world that ihe Afrikaner has

reached the top " i'li, ?t'" he no longer has to feel inferior' that

anything , big E;ilh Ut'1i""11house can do' he can do better'

In the firrt rrai 3i 1976 the SABC bought Dr Meyer's house in

132

f,;n

liIEtfi

IiTll.:r: ar a price 52 percent above the municipal valuation ofR52 400.e The SABC said^ rt would be used by Dr Meye. unt, hi,retirement and then by his successors. But it iid ,o, J"ptri, _fryDr Meyer got such a good price at a time when tt "

p.op'..ry mar_ket was dead in South Af.ica. Of course the deal wr, ,"*_f.".,being a capital gain.

. Dr Meyer's statements on various subjects can be foundthroughout this book, because a book on the Broederbond in*]:n I::,^YZ:. was not prominent is unthinkable. He had pub_llcly denounced Afrikaners who patronise non-Afrikanerbusinesses.l0 In 196I, speaking to the liatalse Ondrr*yrunl, he at_tacked ,!. "superficiil, seltimental attitude ,.;;;;; orherpeoples, the unscientific stories of equality of p.opt., ,rri"r"..r, ,spirit derived from a senseless, fataristic outrook of doom.,,rl Thiswas not to educate but to undermine. Education,s most i_portr.rttask todav was to mould and equip .hil;;;; :i; rri^irr.r. rrl.ughtsi.{ f*lilss" against the threattf communist worrd domination."our children must learn to identify the fenow travellers andpathfinders of this anti-Christian, satanic warmongerirg, whosepretty phrases are slavishly being taken over by

".o.rrri,rnism,sopponents' It is the.responsibility of aI, especiary of t"r.i..r, tocomplete this task,,, he said.

At a Bondsraad meeting in Apr, 1972 he said the Broederbondhad made practical .oriibrtions to the implemenliio., or tn.$ovelim.ent's apartheid policy. Dr Meyer also made it quite crearthat television would rt...rgth.r, Afrikanerdom. ,,with the resurtsof research, we shail be in tf,e position ii-.o,rrry to detect and eli-minate harmful and undesirable effects of terevisio, o, ,rr.'-rirr-tenance and strengthening of Afrikaner idendty.,,12

B^y1 Dr Meyer's public itatemenrs and speeches are kindergarrenstuff in-comparison with what he had been telring the Broeders be-hind closed doorsm e mb e rs . r il-;; bli. I i ! i'i,.TI ",HT.:::' ffi :15 ;: ;:i:: 1lseen in an entirely different light, because there fr" .* .p"rt * t.really feels without fear or plbnc criticism. There rr. .'r, f ..r.r,naked Afrikaner baasskap ani Bro.derbond conrrol.

.Fortunately, documents containing some of his secret speecheswill enable people to judge him mie accurarely than his'fubficperformance alone mikes possible.A Gw weeks after Dr Vlrwoerd,s death in 1966, Dr Meyer ad_dressed his Executive Council on the fr;;."-; il';;irlrr..

133

nation. He said the Broederbond had a clear objective which it

must disseminate. ,,This objective can be nothing ress than the

complete political ""i""'fiti'"g and eventual cultural Afrikaneris-

ing of our Errglirh-'pt'tti"g tJ-titizens - if it can still be done' We

will not be able to stop the process of-complete cultural integration

of Afrikaans- and g"irsf.rlttpt"'ft'"g if *t h'*" o"ly limited.conffol

;;'rhJ-;;;ess. The-refore we can envisage only the deliberate

Afrikanerising of tf" f"giittt-'pt'kt"' orlacit accePtance of the

unintentional but .t"'i""'"glicising of the Afrikaner' The objec-

tive of natiorrririrg til i;;iJ*pJ"kt" politicallv will be of per-

manent value, .",;t;;;;;; t""'i'""ta t'i"t"tt of the Afrikaner'

"Jv-iiit is coupled *Lh tht Afrikanerising of the economy'

"The Afrikrrr.,i'ing-ol the Engli'h-'p"'-ke" is an educational

task - it must ,,r,, tn'inJ:;;th'?ht Ahik"'t'ising of the Engl-

ish-speaker entails'it"- f"gffth-speaker accepting- the. Afrikaner

outlook and philosopitv " f;rt ow"; i"ttgt'ti1-'S fti ideals fj,l'"I:tvle with that of the Afrikaner; recognisinu the Afrikaner's htstory

:l';,:'i,r,*r,"rrJ r..o*nising Afrikaans "as

his national language

next to English ,'''i"'i"ttniational language of the two white

groups . .. We *ill ;;t;'itt or anitaan"s-sfeaking and English-

ipeaking Afrikaners'"

t. Rand DailY Mail, JulY 9 1948'

) Rand DailY Mail'l.iuraoY Times, MaY 13 1945'

4. lbid. March 16 1969'

5. Rand DailY Mail'6. Ibid.7. Ibid.8. Ibid. November 23 1962'

s,. iurdov Times, JulY 11 1976'

10. Ibid. b.c.mbtt 23 1962'

11. Ibid. December 31961'D.. ntia Dailv Mail, Julv 121974

134

7 Republic - A Dream Achieued

Afrikaners never

:t*"::i;;;*;'.'",*ff il:?.111"?iilli*.j'"'};l:;fi l::tn rg02' The reoub.lican- dream .r-i""a with them and was care_futty nurtured during ,h" i;;;';;;1,.i, *t i.t, one consritutionatconcession afte. anothe. _ .r.i,lrir,* had ," U. *orr.from Britain. , leading to full independenceEver since its inception in tgtg, the Afrikaner Broederbond sawas one of its most important ,il;h. cutting of a, constitutionalties with Britain ,"a ,ir. .ril;ffiJl, of a free, independent re_

,',JH,:'f10il"^fl':':"; ;;;;;;.d , tremendous parr in achiev-.rxl.,,i,';;:ff ff ll?e,f.fl::T:i;ff :ilff l,J::l,*:;::fluenrial membership ,;r,il',o*li, ,n. same objective.Profes sor perzer ."r"...J ioirri'i"'ir, his tori car ..-,oi.* in 1 96g."The way in which s"rrrr'ir.i.."*r, -drawn into the (Secondworld) 'war

convinced- Afrik'an;;;d;; the estabrishment of a re_public wourd be the onry effecti;;;;; ro prevenr a repetidon. For::ffii,1

lT' iJ ;.: *'#,JSH, ;,1L* ;i1:. n o m i n a,ed a p or i c y

"With the Nationaf pr.,v , "i.;;;;;".1948, the Afrikaner Broe_derbond enrered , n.*i.i,"r;;""*'inrr. The most imporrantaspecrs of this phase can be summarlrJd * follows: r.onrirnt.G

i:;;T,:,H.:?;n,1. id.orogr.,r;;;;,;", created by the *,,; th.,_?*fry:o:' #.' ;fl: l',T,1, ff

,]:l :?., ffi[.,T,?:; :? li jli

The Iong-servins former chairman of the Broederbond, Dr piet; I ll'li iif,i ];',il :: :r

r' p " " i"'' o ti. a

". i, i'. .. r . i n J f ,-g,,, i, -

; qoa h" ;iJ il;;fr'_ffi [liTffif;:: iT::.:,: *,f;:second phase of our organisatiln,s "*ii.rr.", from about 7934, itceliberatelv worked for"the.;;;;li;;;t of the Repubric of Southf,frica, separate from the C.__"r*..irn. ,, saw this as the mosr

135

important condition and method through which English-speaking

citizens could U. p.t*"ata to become-loyal South Africans and'

*itf, ,t. dedicated Af ik""t, safeguard the future of southern

Africa as a Permanent home for theieparate white and non-white

groups."Dr Meyer here put into perspective the whole question of why

South Africa did not """i" in the Commonwealth' The fact is

that the Broederboni ,r.rr., saw the new republic-as part of the

Commonwealth. Dr Verwoerd's statements that although he tried

to keep it in the Co--o"*ealth' this was made impossible for

him by other Statet;;;t; i; seen in the light of the Broederbond

commitment.This commitment also came to light in a secret document of the

Broederbond', poti.y committee circulated under the title Srady

Document on the n,i'"ati'' ittitcy and Task' The document stated:

"The decision as ,o'*ftt't"t the republic will immediately be es-

tablished outside it. Co--onwealth will depen4 "i Practical

considerations at the time' But departure from the Common-

wealth as soon as possible remains a cardinal asPect of our republi-

can aim."ln l971Dr Meyer again referred to the role played b-y th3 Broe-

derbond and the Nr,lLrf Party after 1948. ';They placed South

afri., clearly, ntt"iy and inexorably. on the road to an indepen-

dent republl. - trr.l ,"J aftilt""t'io- had had enough of the

road of ,,honour,, iihi;h ,i;"ys ended in participation in.British

wars. The republican road was not a road oiabttt"t constitutional

freedom, but of embracing spiritual freedom in which the

Afrikaner could always be himself" '"fh; grorrd hr; ;;it prep^ared slowly for the advent of the re-

public. There *.,. -'"y diiferences. of opinion among.Afrikaner

i.rd.., about the timing of the constirutional change. victory was

essendal and so ,i.-ttfE t"dum had to be held at a time when at

least some E"glirh-.;t;kt" *o'td vote for a republic' Dt Malan's

majority *r, ,oo "'i'ii fo' ""h

a risk; he was in his old age' and

his new administration had many urgent tasks' Strijdom,s reign

was short ,ra ,rtt ""gi it *" tht

'tfu'gest republican of all his

failing health pt."."iEa him from seeing his dream.fulfilled' It was

his successo., H F-Vt'*oerd' who eve"ntually took the. calculated

risk in calling the 1960 referendum' Verwoerd's stature had grown

through the years among his Afrikaner supporters and also among

many English-spe,ttt" "*f'o had come to itg"td him as a kind of

736

g

t,

n

e

Y

s

e

trc

e

r[:

I

father figure - a benign but strong ruler at a time when more andmore whires had to flee for theiJlives from African stares in thenorth' There was also an attempt on Dr verwoerd's rir. "" April g1960 which creared mor. h..o'_*o.Jip for him.None of the Nationar party's provinciar secretaries could guar-antee verwoerd that he wouid win the referendum. He took thechance all the same but he could ,.r.. have succeeded without thehelp of the Broederbond. I" fb.;h. tord the Broederbond of hisplT- long before he even informed his own caucus or parliament.This was revealed pV Dl piet Meye. in his chairman,s address in1968' "It was the late Broeder v..*o.rd, former Executivemember and then prlme Minister, who invited the BroederbondinJuly 1959, six monrhs before his'Repubrican statement in parlia-

-:11, to accept co_responsibility for ihe establistr*.rrr-oirhe Re_public' This rask the Afrikar.r'Bro.i.rbond accepted with greatenthusiasm and the expenditure of large amounts tf money fromour reserve and other funds."The work Broederbonders did in the republican campaign cannever be overestimated. Not only did they sp..ra no_ tt.ir own

T"d:, they also collected -o.r.y f"r1fr. campaign. Every one ofthe thousands of members becam., J.ai.*;'J;?;;.,' trro.t-ing on doors, canvassing, p..rrrrdi.rf. Add to this their immenseinfl uence in radio rnd, b.-oai.rrtirrg, .i,rrches, universities, schoolsand scores of public bodies, ,ra ih*-.an be no doubt t'hrt trr"yswung the campaign in favour of the repubricans. South Africawent to the polls on ocrober 5 1960- The resurts *.r"r ..p,rbricans95015_8: anti-republicansTT5AzS, gi"ing the republicans a major_ity of 74 580. one of the fi..t thi"g; D;verwoed did was to writeto the Broederbond to thank it for the pr.t it had played in th. ..f-erendum. His letter.was read by the.hrir*r, of the Bond, profes_sor H B Thom, to the Bondsraa'd held in Bloemfont.r., or*i.Lrr..rr-ber 24 7960.

Dr verwoerd wrote: "lnside the cabinet and the party there hasbeen unity, but it was also .rp..i.n..d.outside the party as yourorganisation wourd know-onry too welr. Apart f..;;hJ ut..rirgfrom Above we are thankful to .rr.rybody and I sincerely wanr rothank your council especia,y r"d .;;;;il;;,'..;;.*"1, ?or rt .support in many forms that was gir.r, to us. It is our commonachievement and the achievemen, ""i rr* nation (uolk)which w,lrnake the Republic a reality- I.deeply ,pf...irt. the promise of co_operation in the days ahead." r I

137

The Broederbond's idea was always that the new Republic

should be on the same lines as the old Boer republics with a new

iirf ,"q an. executi;" p"'id""t :l:::'.1 iJ,,:i:Jil[?" ][7.il-cepted that it would have been unwlse to

dum which .orld h," gone either way' It would have been too

alien to English-speaker"s whose supPort they needed' But this

dream, too, never aita' if"v had only to bide their time' advocate

the idea in the Ur.tgr'"-,r"J-iJ *rit ior the climate to be right for

changes in the P..ti;;;;' This is exactlv what has happened now'

18 years later: the Go"tn-t"t's new constitutional plans include

an executive PresidencY'

The Broederbond's role in getting this accepted is disclosed in

the secret do.r*.,,i'' ;t Mty;t saii in 1968 that one of the main

tasks of the Broederbond was to give a grea-ter Christian-

Afrikaner content ,; til Republic' H"e added: "A week before

Broeder H F Verwoerd was murdered in Parliament' he gave me'

as chairman of the f'"tt"lt", permission for the Afrikaner Broe-

derbond to start .,-i'ig"lti fot ' new Republican.flag and a

change in the pr.riJ.,"y io Ui"lt'g it.more in line with the position

in the Transvaal ";-i;J. State rlpublics. . . we will give atrention

to this when the time is right for it'"

The new chairman, Professor Viljoen' also referred to the Broe-

derbond's .ot. i,, if i' "'ptt' in his 7976 chatman's address'

"There is already debate in government circles (Cabinet level) on

political matters like the Weitminster system' the role of a cabinet

council to give Uro*n people a say in.political decision-making on

a basis of .o.,r",,,';,';';t; ;"1" fot tht State President' especially

in multinatiorrrt .o"'ltations ' " We should make a contribution

here."

Not satisfied to sit back after the attainment of the Republic' the

Broederbond went into action immediately to make sure that its

indelible stamp *;;itt;tain on the country'- As early as May

1.961 rt urged its members to increase their efforts to have their

policies implement.J' U"at' the heading Our Task in the Republic

thechiefsecretarystatedthattheorganis=ation'srolewouldremainbasically ti,. ,r*.,-1";;h;t its t"s"ks Y.o'1d

n1:,:"^i:, defined

more preci."ly,'i tht-otgt'itation's effbctiveness'increased even

further. "Ou t^rk is pteslently not only to-formulate policy' but

more so to nrra it " f "., -",hods to implement our. well-tried

policies in every t;;"t;;i;ety' This demands intensive and co-

138

ordinated scientific .rese.arch, the prior testing of methods, andtheir expert application.,'

The most urgent inquiries ro be conducted by the "experr brain-loy:r":I!h" organisition was ,...,

", how to maintain rhe whitestate in Africa and the world, and in th. ,rr_.ri.ally superior blackenvironmenr, howro get the English_speaker to .;:;;;;;;; _.."closely with the Afrikaner and to-accept the Afrikaner dynamismas his own, and which existing ,;;;* public bodies and insti_tutions could be used for the &ecutio, of these tasks."The Executive will see to rt irrri experrs over the wholecountry will start working on better methods for the ,r.."rrfrlimplementarion of our pofcy . . . ,rrj *ill ,.rd ,fr. J.rrifr, ,, ,.._ommended, to brancher.ro. i-pt.mentation. Branches should notwait for this, however, but continue with the *..[ *"iir.y trr".always done.

"Develop the existing pubric bodies through which you workto the outside as livingl enthusiastil organisations, and see ro irthat,the right people are represented in their managements.,,The attainment of the Republic *as, indeed, one of rhe Broeder_bond's greatest achievements. It showed, once again, how a rela_

l,:1r.,:Tr,l group of highty o.gr.,ir"J r"i -"ii"?i"J'p."pr" *"._Klng ln secret, could-change.a c.ountry's course and history. Thisamazing grgup of SupeiAfrikaners could .tri_ f.i" J,ottr.,monument for themselves.

139

B Afrikaans-English Relations

"The Prime Minister (General Smuts) has unchained forces just as

the first language struggle and the second language struggle did'

and he ough"t tJkro* i,ihrt th. result will be if he touches the sen-

ii-.n, ofIh. people, if he touches the soul of the people and if he

touches the life oith. people' He must know what it means to run

;;;;;*t, ,he Afrikaans-speaking sectior's church' its teachers' its

.rtrri.rt organisatior, . . . *d the Prime Minister knows today that

i, tft. struigle he has now commenced these forces eventually will

win. These for.., stand foursquare against him'"The speaker was Dr D F lvialan, leader of the National Party

and only two years later South Africa's first Broederbond Prime

Minister. The occasion was a debate in Parliament on the Smuts

Government', "bitirgualism" policy of bringing Afrikaans- and

E.,gtirt -rp"aking chiidr.r, togttht' in.the same schools'

Dr Malan's ,,r,"-.rr,' maie quite clear the Broederbond's pol-

icy: to establish exclusive Afrikinuskap ' a statt must be made in

iif ,.pr.r,ed schools. That is still the organisation's stance.today'

It is 'unashamedly Afrikaans-oriented, for the promotion of

.".ry,t i"g identi{ied with Afrikaans, indeed for Afrikaner domi-

nation of South Africa.No matter what Nationalist leaders say about the need for unity

between the Afrikaans- and English-ipeaking sections of the

pofrt",ior, they know it is only t'alf tf'e story: the other h-alf is to

be found in the documents of tire Broederbond. Instead of rejoic-

ing at the success of the National Party in getting English-speak-

eri votes on a large scale in recent elections' some top Broeders

found it disturbin!. fn.y see a danger in diluting the Afrikaner

|LatyoftheNati6nalParty,theBond'spoliticalarm.The Broederbond's policy on relations between the Afrikaans

and English sections *", ,p.lt out clearly by t!e- long-serving

chairmJn, Dr Piet Meyer, ' ft* weeks after Dr Verwoerd's as-

sassination. Dr Meyer, addressing the Bond's Executive Council

on the future of the Afrikaner, came out strongly in favour of

140

1l

Afrikaans as the main language and the Afrikaner as the dominantpartner in the relationship. Ae saicl the Broederbond had a clearaim which it should disseminate. Gni, ,i_ .r, b.;;;n,.i* but thecomplete nationalising and .rr.rrrrrl .ufr".rf ai.it;;#;, of ourEnglish-speakinq .o-.itir.rr, - if it can stilr be done. .we

will not beable to stop th1 process of comprer.- ;rr;;;i'irt.firtion orAfrikaans- and Eng)ish-rp.rt irg-ii'*. rrr.rr. onry rimited controrof this process."Therefore y.. .1r, only envisage either the deliberateAfrikanerising of the Engrishltp..l.r., or the s,ent acceprance ofthe unintentional but cJrtain ,"gii.i.i"g of the Afrikaner. Thedrive to nationalise tr,. rrgrirr,-.i.r[ers politicarty w,r not be ofpermanent value,

. ensuring the continued existence of theAfrikaner, unless it is couprei *itt, ti. Afrikanerisirg .?ih" econ_omy.

"The Afrikanerising of.the Engrish-speakers is an educationartask: it must srarr in the schoors. f ."tr,, the Engrish-speaker ac-cepting the Afrikaner outrook and philosophy ai his own, inte-grating his ideals and.life-style witi tiat ofthe Afrikaner, embrac_ing the Afrikaner's history ; hi; ;; and regarding Afrikaans ashis national lanuuage neft ro English as the irl..rrti?rri^f.-g,r"g"of the ,*o g.olrps, while Uott "..-rin ofEcial languages. .. We

X*[r,H,talk of Afiik,;;_,p.;;s and E"ih,ri_,p.aking

The organisation's name reveals what it is a, about: AfrikanerBroederbond. It was formed ,f,;; ;; Anglo_Boer W, i" ,pUf,Afrikaners Iiving in poverty. Ir was a rea*ion against the Engrish,whom they blamed -for

theryr1, th.i, poverry and hum,iation. Itwas a reacion asainst Lord Milner,s policy of anglicising theAfrikaner' It *as"'n attempt to organise the Afrikaners to over-come discrimination againsi th._ i_, commerce and industry.The minutes of the"for."_rt irrrugr; -..il;"" j""" i ,rrSshow the chairman. Mr HJ Xlopp"i ,r rrylrg: ,,Our aim is a Bro_therhood of Afrikane.r. . .1, p; jrry i Dg rhese aims were for_mulated: "A melting together "of

anitrrrers . . . ,Io serve theinterest of Afrikane., .t ,ll times . . . fo brirg Afrikaners to con_sciousness, to create. selGrespect

"rri io"rr. for our own language,history, country and, yolk."The constitution of the Broederbond makes it quite crear thatonly Afrikaners - in fact onry Super-anitrrr.r, - ;;dg*to trr.organisation. Not even a top Nationalist rs qualified for member_

r41

ship, unless he is also of the Afrikaner elite' A case in point is that

of -Senator

Owen Horwood' Minister of Finance and Nationalist

leader in Natal. Hi, ;;;i'l' "' a Nationalist are impeccable' but

because he is not "'- nftit"'er he is excluded from the inner

circles. .L^-^ ^inArticle 4 of the Broederbond constitution states these aims:

(a) The creadon "f ; ;l;;;;"s. and in^creasing harmo"L,'^T:"*'ll

Afrikaners strlvlng fo' t.-ht welfare of the Afrikaner natlon;

(b) The a"rr.top-t""i of t'ation"l consciousness within the

Afrikaner and the l"tt'tt'tio" of love for his language' religion'

ffaditions, countrY and nation; i

(c) The promodon of all the interests of the Afrikaner natlon'

'"'A;,i.I. 5: The language of the Bo.nd is Afrikaans

Article A, Mt-U;i'hi[: The Bond consists of white males over

25 years of age who are:

(a) Afrikaans-sPeaking;

iul or the Protestant faith;

(c) Clean ir, .t rt"i"r and holding strongly to their principles as

well as to the -ri;;;;;.; of theii Afrikanerskap, and who

ii;:;6, South Africa as their only fatherland'

Regulation 3 d;;ii;; *i'tt 39-ination savs proposer and

seconder must be i'rfi t"""tinced that they can reply affirmatively

to these questions ibl"' 'f'"'t'"arJ'tt' 1i; D.o^t:, h" strive for the

ideal of the continued existence of "

s.prrrie Afrikaner nation with

its own tr,rg"g"*-'iJ-tuttt""l (ii) Does he give !l:T,it"tt t"

Afrikaners ,rra ott'"t- *ell-disposed persons "'d totp'nies in his

business, public ;;;;;;;';;ia rir'i other questions concern the

institutions *htt" ht *t' educated' the origins of his wife or

fiancee, and her home language'. .

Clearly ,rt.", t'J'r'i'giit"n-tp'tt"ting oerson or Roman Catholic'

for instance, .o"lJ btt;;t ' ^n1"tb""of this Super-Afrikaner or-

ganisation.Thisexclusivityisreconciledwithpublicappealsfornational unity between theianguage groups.in a striking--way' The

argument is that;;;;t;t"i a?iJ'" *t'i" nation' united in its

determination to survive' presuPPgt:' 'strong' united Afrikaner-

dom; that i, p"tii* ''ii"ia# Afrikanerdom would not only

make unity U"t**' Anikaans and English impossible - it would

."irli the iowt'fall of the black groups as well' ,

When ,fr. gto;*i; call for nltional unity they' envisage tt on

their own ,.'-''itt", '"t't"-ttlves as involved in a continuous

struggle against 't"t"' of domination by the English-speaking

142

thatrlistbutmer

; all

theofi;

as

ndt.vherhtorishe

or

nls

g

c,

r-)rte

tsr-

)-d

section' bracks' Roman cathorics and others. To frustrate this,they must be the d"_;.;;;'i".*,r,"_selves.The B roederbond's

" ttit"E. Io

"afrikaans-Engrish co-opera rionis clearly demonsrrated by its

-fanaticat .o.,.J- *-iih' ,.prr.r""pure" Afrikaans organisations. Instead of modrfyirg existingSouth African organis"atio"r;;;;; them bilingurl, thiv formedtheir own. The B-roed".b;;i;;;ii..pr.o of thi Boy Scouts andGirl Guides are the V.orr:rrriirri,"ri"-chr.rb.., of co__erce areparalleled by the 4frikaanse ioirioirrr, R_otary

"rJil;;, by theRapportryers; the.ied c.or, ;;;;' Noodhulplige; the Teachers,

ffi:;'il:,:,|', il: " "'r i l: :''ins'"r'''N? tionli un i o, or(AsB);*;4',T:'.Iy'SI.':":&ifJr:lt';:;f ::yKlanguage lines which p..i*r..'ic urtt..be characterised as"the corrugated iron curtain.,,

Former chairman, Andries Treurnichr, 1ro*-, Deputy Minister,put it like this at the SOtf, go"J m;.rr"g ,, 196g. ,,Ifthere

is onething vitar to keeping trr. n.."a..L""a arive in the ranks of theAfrikaner nadon' now and in the *ir:-, it is the conviction rharfulfilment .rn.,o, u. rrrrmij;; ;. ;nikaner without maximumeconomic control. Especially "t_ ifrr, *e put so much emphasison unavoidable co_operadon between the Af.ikaans_ .rair*rrrt _speaking, we must ensure _ even if it must be done Jir....rfy _that the Afrikaner ir th. r"rrio.;ilJ without that there w,r besomething still missingf."_ o;;;irrr,

"ra independence. There_fore the Broederbond ,t 9rjg;;;#;"t atention ro it now.,,Then fo'orvs a crear indica"tion trirt D. Treurnicht even de_plores marriage between Afrikaans_sp.rk.r, .rJ rrgi;jlrp.rk_il, ;

":'5

rr'lj ::n: n'o'd

" bo' J' ;i ;; ; i;i; ;. il ;':; ,,,,,;h;:F;'i;i:;H:;;,,*:,o,;:?T,-;.Tff .^#Tir: j::*#-,, Yr vorster obviousry fert ,r ar ease ristening to Dr Treurnichr,svrews, conscious

"f lrr., own appeals for unity. The former primeMinister emphasised in his ;"";"ffi he was not prepared rotrick the English' a sta-tement he had *ro" r.'r..al times in public.He warned: ,,one t'ng ,"" _;;;ff;. very clearly _ the futureof South Africa do.s no.t-lie

""f f *irfr'ihe Afrikaner. L i, the fu_ture of the white man in south ani.r'.ra southern Africa thatmust be fought fcrr.,,He rfr"" ."fr*.i,fr. two_stream policy: theAfrikaner had a right to .,,r.ryririrg J.". ,o him, and io had the

143

English-speaker' Common loyalty to the Republic would bind the

;; ;;"6s together. It sounds hne in theory but Mr Vorster's

;;;.il; , gio.d..uoJ n1ttti"g and his active supPort for the

organisation must plr.. ' questioi mark over the Government's

sincerity with regarJ to naiional unity' The Broederbond is not

only pro-Afrikaner - it is so at the expense of other groups' There

r*i, is not .oo- fo. the Broederbond and another group to rule

the same country. n.f i"a int scenes the Broeders are constantly

scheming to i-pro,e the Afrikaner's position economically'

socially and politic"aily' E;t;y advance i' t"'dt by displacing

somebody else' It i, ," otg"ised.and deliberate process and Mr

Vorster's association *i't' i helped to explain w.hV.the1l was only

one English-.p.rXi,g 'f'fi"ititt

i" ttit Cabinet during his term of

office.In a Broederbond secret document entitled Unity the qu€stion ls

asked: "Are the f.,gtitft-tptakers really a nation in-South Africa

equal in nature ,,d""tt" to the Afrikaner nation? The answer

cannot be 'Yes' .o ih. question arises of whether we can speak of

'the two language ;;;;Pt' or 'the two national groups' as if an

Afrikaner nation J;-; English-speaking nation-were equal in

status. With this ".;; *t git'i a false 't"t"i to the English-speaker

,rd d.g.rde the statlus of the Afrikaner nation' There are not two

white nations i" s.;;h Africa. There is only one. That nation is the

Afrikaner nation. . .

"In view of this, it is time to invite the English-sp-eake-rs to be-

come absorbed into ihe (Afrikaner) nation. (Groups like Jews and

Greeksareofcourseexcludedhere:'English-speakers'meansthose of British descent)'"

The document created a commotion and an instruction went

out to have it destroyed on the ground that it did not represent

policy. Its greatest fault was not so much what it said' but that it

said it so bluntly ,Jl p"ificised leak could damage the National

Party consid.rrbl;. Y;t its essential.message is not 1":h different

from that .*po.rlla"J- i, 't

Malan at the beginning of this

chaPter' . .^/^\ n- rr.,r^.,aIn an extraordinary circular (August 1 1962) Dr Meyer put lt

more mode.r,.ty-rri diplomatically' but the meaning is unmis-

takeably the same. "Beiause many of our Afrikaners misinter-

p*i.a in. appeal of the Prime Minister and his Government to the

two white gror!,"-icr ttt"Uine their strengths'-to solve the

country's p.obl.i, on the basis of the poliiy of the National

144

-

theer'sthent'snot

ersthent'snotlere

rrlertlyllv,ingMrnlyof

nis:icaver:ofanin

n

ri(

v(:(a

ike

wrh

lninerio)e

)e-ndlns

rntlntrirnal

ilthis

:itis-3r-heheral

Party, the Executive council wanrs to restate its viewpoint in thisregard.

. "English-speakers have co-operated so littre with Afrikaners onthe narional policy level that their numbers in the Nationar partyare very small . . . Co-operation between the white groups doesnot imply that we Afrikaners musr suddenly, guiltily,i,rb,,it orr_selves to the English-speakers, asking fo, .o_"op...iior. Vr. _.rr,do everything in our power to persuade th.* io .o_of..rt" *ithus on the basis of the principles of th. National partli ,i... ,r. rroprinciples or institutions thit we have to sacrifice to'achieve this.

"English-Afrikaans integration has deveroped so far in such away that the Afrikaner, in many important rispects, is beginningto think and act like an English-ipeaker. This has been to th"" detri-ment of that which is truly Afrikaans . . . we must continually beon guard that the Afrikaner is not anglicised more than the Engl-ish-speaker is Afrikanerised.,'

Dr Meyer reaffirmed these views in his chairman's address of1971. "SelGprotection is a morar right and a moral duty incum-bent on us as a nation - the right ,.rJ d.rty to promote and protectour separate existence as an Afrikaner nation, our own Afrikanerinterests, our own identity and our own future. God did not cail us' " to commit suicide, but to maintain ourselves and protect our-selves in order to fulfil the calling and discharge the tasks He hasallotted to us."

The absolute dedication, to the promotion of everythingAfrikaans in every sphere of life runs rike a thread through ,u ,rr.secret documents. Members are continually urged to see that"well-disposed" people are elected to influeniial p8sitions rrra rrrr,Afrikaner business and-professional peopl. ,r. *pported. ,,Well_disposed" and "true Afrikaners" obrior.ly ,.G^ io Broederslfirs/and then other Afrikaners. The discipline is strict and the ,t..riirrginstructions on what every cell should do every year in this con_nection were ser out in Circular S/5/75:

.-3'1 "observing first our general aim, namely the promotion of

all the interests of the Afrikaner, every b.arrch must take stockevery year of the position of the Afrikaner cause in its local com_munity, especially in organisations in which we should have influ-ence. These are some of the matters that must be investigated:

3.1.1 "The exrent to which our language received its duJin pub-lic life; for instance in commer.., prbli."bodies like city councils,public announcements etc;

r45

3.1.2"Thestatus of Afrikaans culture in plays' concerts' music

and recitals etc. by schools, cultural organisations etc;-'i.1S'I/igorous t.ra.ttf ip of opinion-forming and co-ordinat-

irrg-Anikrri, o.grni*tions -such

ai cultural societies' liaison com-

-itt..r, cultural councils, Rapportryers' etc;

3.1.4 "The celebration of Airikaner national festivals;

3.1.5 "The ,of" oi*tif-Jitp"tta Afrikaners in sports clubs and

in school committe;s, agricultural unions' farmers' organisations'

women's societies, etc;

3.1.6 "The .ole ai'J"'itality of youth organisations such,as the

Voortrekke.r, .hrrr.h youth societies ani Landsdiers' and their

influence."The circular summed up: "Branches should consider' in the

light of this surveyl;; ,t'f ik"" cultural life can be strength-

ened in their areas. We dare not neglect the promotion of our own

interests. rocrl prrbii. U"aitt *"Ibt usedin this proce-ss'"

One of the mai,, te"'t"' Sot'th Africa was the last developed

nation in the *o.ld * gt' television was the fear that it would

undermine rhe Af;ka;ri, ..rltrr. and language. It. was for this

reasonthattheg.oederbondresisteditsintroductionformanyyears, and it *r, J,iv l'itoatttd,after the Bond had given the

green light. It *rt ""liJv "p tt-tlt Broederbond to decide the

issue. The Minister "ip"ttt and Telegraphs-at the. time' Mr M C

van Rensb,r.g, "ppoi'iJ ' to*-tt- t; of inquiry to- consider

television fo, Sortlh Af ica' Mr van Rensburg appointed the then

chairman of the Bond, Dr Piet Meyer' as chairman of the commis-

sion. The vice-chairman of the commission' Dr J S Gericke' was

vice-chairmrrrofth.Bondandthecommission'ssecretary'DrJanSchutte, was also a Broeder'

The secret ao.,-*tt disclose that the Broederbond recom-

mended the appointment of the commission to the Cabinet on

condition that Broeders ran the inquiry. Dr Meyer, as chairman of

the commission, called on Broedeis to give evidence '"9 rn'*

]l;L, fr. would submit the commission's finding to t\ Executrve

Council of the n*aA''To" he submitted them to the Cabinet' The

decision *r, tt rt Sot'it' nf it' should get one-channel television

*iif, .q"rf time for Afrikaans and Enslish'

one of tt. -4"o' tot"iltt"ions th; overcame Broeder resist-

ance was ,t r, pi'"gt,-t"es in Afrikaans would encourage bi-

lingualism "*o.,g"Effih-speakers ii t*:: *htt-t- tl:I got little

oliorro.ri,y of h"earing and speaking it' This assumptlon apPears

146

t

to have been justified although no scientific study of it has as yerbeen made.Broeders were assured-that a group of Broeder experts wouldcontinuously scrutinise the serv].e ard th. -o*.rrt

-,1*r. *r,evidence that television was having a detrimentar effect onAfrikaners, rhreatening neglect of theiilanguage rrJ ..rrr.rr., srepswould be taken to rediess this. This finaily-coivir,..d -ort of thedoubting Broeders and the green light for the introduction of tele-vision was given.

Here are some exampres of the instructions to Broeders on thepromotion of the Afrikaner, his ranguage and other interesrs.3/63/64: "Afrikaner doctors -"i UI .rr.ourrg.d i"

^*f. i, ,friendly and tactful way that reports from the Medical ResearchInstitute be drawn up in Afrikaans. In this *ry ifr. use ofAfrikaans medical terms will be encouraged and peopre workingon-the reports will feel compelled to learn Afrikaans terms.,,

8/73/74: "During the summer horidays thousands oi-aniurr-ers, including members, will scatter all over ,l* ;;;;;;. ,utr,opportunities will aris.e where our language can be promoied withcourtesy and determination. An urgent appear is made to ourmembers to give an exampre in this w"ay and influence others to dolne same.

. Afrikaans- reading matter is often completely absent from wait_ing-rooms, hotels. Afrikaans newspapers are not made available inhotels' Menus are in Engrish only, oi in rnghsh and French. Ser-vice in Afrikaans is poor or just nor available] rrr.r. ,r. ."rf " r.*of the matters to which attlntion can be given.,, r

6/75/76: "one of our branches draws attention to the fact thatour members can do a rot to prevent genuine Afrikaans historicarplace-names being repraced by ,.r-Af,ik""ns names. The branchmentions the exampl e of Vogelstuisbult having b..;;; C;pper_ton. "

2/2/77: "After representations by the FAK to South AfricanAirways it has been discrosed that airways tickets wilr be availablein Afrikaans from Ianuary 2 1977 for internal flights. M._b"^shoyld please insist'that their tickets are in Afrikaans.,,10/70/71: "Medical members poinr out that Afrikaners in theprofession can be morepositive aiout giving af.ikrr* it, .igtrrfrfplace' This applies to raboratory ,"pori, consultarions and noticesin nursing homes and hospital., ,drr..tiring material sent o,rt Uypharmaceutical firms .t..

-A friendry

"fp.rt is made ro alr our

147

medical members to use their influence with their colleagues to

promote Afrikaans in the rnedical profession'"4170171,: "Members draw attention to the need to maintain our

lrrgr"g. through the singing of sporting and school songs' It is

,rorL.i that ma=ny Afrikaans schools sing English songs at s.ports

meetings.Membersintheeducationalfieldshouldusetheirinflu.ence to"accord our language its rightful place'"

6170171: "Hotels thiouihout tlie country tend to supply only

English-language newspapers to guests' Our members who often

G ; rrorEt, Ihould use th.it i'flu"t'te to Promote Afrikaans

;;;t;rp.;.- By refusing an English-language newspaper and in-

sisting on th.local Afrikaans newspaper or other Afrikaans news-

frp.r"of your choice, you t"' -'k" a positive contribution'"'

ZIOZIO+, "Broederbond members concerned with the arrange-

ment of congresses, especially scientifi-c congres-ses' are asked to

see that Afrifaans is accorded its rightful place'"

CircularSl64165gaveexamplesoflaxity.Afrikanerattorneyswere corresponding"with each other in English ll9 lDRg church

officialhadmadeoutaVolkskaschequeinEnglishforadominee,ssermon! "Also see that our languagt gttt its due in sPorts bodies'

Here we think especially of g"If, t"gby, bowls and tennis clubs'"

In Circular 2lil75 *.-b".r were asked to use the public arms

oftheBroederbond(FAKandothers)tocomplainaboutliteratureand theatrical pe.formances which upset them' It was also pointed

ort tt rt .,r.ry af.krner and his church had a duty to pro-tect the

dignity of the Sunday; legislation could not solve the problems on

its own.The secret Broederbond documents contain scores of warnings

,g"irr., Rotary, the Freemasons, Round Table' Lions International'

MoralRearmamentandsimilarorganisations.ItisclearthattheBroederbondregardstheseorganisxionsaSathreattoitselfspeci-fically and to the Afrikaner generally' For example: "In accordance

with out organisation's trad]tional viewpoint the Executive coun-

cil feels it must warn once again againsi the denationalising influ-

ence of these organisations l" th. Afrikaner. Their activities in

,rrrio,r, spheres Jften ha'e political implication:: Tlt.fr:t is that

these organisations "r. ,.g,idtd in some semi-official circles as the

i.rno..rrf public arm oflreemasonry" (Circular 2111167). The

same circular also warns: "It appears that Moral Rearmament en-

.orrrg.. undesirable fraternisaii'on and so undermines determina-

tion to remain true to the Afrikaner's own calling"'

148

sto

ourlt is

ortsflu-

Even the American Field Service scheme in which South Afri-can and American children exchange homes for a period after theirmatric year is viewed with suspicion. "It is the ixecutive Coun-cil's view that children should be strongly advised ,grirrripr.ti.ipating in the American Fierd Servic. p.og.rmme. Th"ey are sent toAmerica when youthful and vulne.able, and exposed there to allkinds of.alienating influences. parents should u"^p..*"J"d of theundesirability and danger of this.,,

It is interesting that all the organisations the Broederbond warnsagainst are English-orientated, and this may indeed be the main:easo.n

why they are nor acceptable to the Super_Afrikaners. TheBond has copies of many of thi organisational features of the Free-yT"": and this organisation has become its Number one Target.Itis as if they realise the dangers inherent in an organisation oper-ating on the same lines as their own. They are r*L. of their ownpower, and would not tolerate another organisation reaching thesame level of effectiveness.

In circular 5/67168 another warning went out. "variousbranches draw attention to the obvious iricrease in activity of theFreemasons and related organisations. More and more we findmembers of these organisaiions elected. to public positions. Or_ganisations like Rotary, Lions International, Round Table andJun-ior chamber International are also more active than in the past.,,Then follows a definite instru*ion to a[ celrs ro spy in their neigh-bourhood and report to Broederbond head office. l'The Executivecouncil asks therefore that branches try to estabrish what is hap-pening in their areas and_report by rettei to the office. Register thismail to MrJ Naud.,-p O Box 9g01,Johannesburg.,,

a '

circular 29/5/73 discusses the probrem of Bfoeders offeredhonorary membership of an "arien'iorganisation. "The Executivecouncil requests friends (Broeders) rrJt to accept such member-ship."

^.Freemasonry and_its growing influence are again the topic of

circular 6/70/71,. "various branihes draw attention to the increas-ing drive of the Freemasons to draw young Afrikaners into theirorganisation. It is also obvious that ih.y ... striving in certainareas to get into leading positions in co-operatives, -agriculturalunions, businesses,.cultural organisatiorr, ipo.t, clubi politicalorganisations etc. This deveropment, and the influence of -.-b-ers of the alien organisations on young Afrikaners and youth or-ganisations, must certainly be waiched-and counteracted. The best

,niy[ten.ans

in-r1-s-

ge-ito

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rch?e's

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;-"InS

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149

waytodothisistoensurethatwell-disposedAfrikanerstakeonthe leading Positions."

Circulai itlttlZ warns similarly that Freemasons "are Pounc-

ing on school committees and city councils and are not slow to

seek control of cultural organisations' These fronts must be

watched carefully therefore against Freemasons! Freemasonry'

however innocent it might,pp.""., is fundamentally anti-Christian

and action must be trklt *ith that in mind' It is the Executive's

view that action against Freemasonry must start at church level'

.""riri."rfy with Ihe synodal decisions of the various Afrikaans

churches against fr..*,,o"ry' Once the minister and his church

council hie confirmed that Freemasonry is unacceptable to

Christians, local action can be taken in the prescribed way' Fur-

,t.r-or., there should be positive attemPts to elect to public of-

fice well-disposed and able Afrikaners, people who. are prepared

and able to hrr. o.rt consistently Lur- christian National

philosophy."In Circular 6163164 Broederbond doctors are urged to use their

influence to ensure that Protestant patients are not sent to Roman

Catholic hospitals ,J "*ti"g homes''This is also the subject of

circular 1l64165which calls on Broeders to help establish. a "Prot-

estant maternity home" in Pretoria' "Branches and friends

i-.-U.rO are asked to promote this by using their in{luence in

public boiies. To create so.h "' institution an amount ofR125 000

must be found. This has become a matter of urgency, becruse the

Roman Catholic Church is busy concentratit'g o' the provision of

luxury maternity services to the young residents of Pretoria'" The

circular said the total cost of the Protestant maternity hom-e would

be R650 000 of which the State would give half md ^the

Suid'

iTrikoonx Vrourfrdrrotie R200 000' The balince of R125 000 had to

be found within 12 months'The Broederbond's concern over the influence of "alien" or-

ganisations specifically relates to the yguth. - for. example'

irrit".r, yo.rth [;;;t [ke head boys and girls of schools who

were invited to Rotary lunches' No Broederbond member can

join any of these i ,1i.," organisations without applying for the

Executive Council's p..*i"i"ot', which is seldom given' Members

already belonging to such organisations' if there are any' are

usually directed to resign immediately' i i . -,-TheBroederbondwasalsoinstrumentalinbreaktngthepower

oftheNationalUnionofsouthAfricanStudents(NUSAS)onthe

150

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I

;

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t

:,r-l:::r of English_language universiries. Not only did it createthe Afrikaanse studenteuoia inirn took ar the Afrikaans studentsout of NUSAS, but it also kept a careful watch on NUSAS andthe English campuses.various student movements on these campuses were financedby the Broederbond to counte.,tr.i.rou.nce of NUSAS. It was aBroederbond think-tank

-which pirrfoirrt.a the rwo main weak-nesses of NUSAS: the fact tfrrt ii was financ.a n.rrrly f.o_overseas, and the ..automatic,,

membership of ,ff f"giir'fr_speak_ing studenrs whose SRcs *.r. .ffirirted to NU'AS. when theSchlebusch commission de.rd.d tirt certain south African or-ganisations should no- longer be financed from overseas contri_l:,t"T: it was a punishinglf"* ," NUSAS. It withered withouthnancial support, and lost a great deal of its influerr..- Th.'ryrr._of "automatic" memb.r.hip'*r, ,iro .frrU.rged at a number ofuniversities, and the organisatior, *., committed to an internalstruggle which substantially damaeed it.

The Broederbond's difficurties rrifor-.rt.ting a crear-cut immi-gration policy have arso become the Broederbond Government,sproblem' The conc-epts of white survivar and Afrikaner domi-nation were in confliit here. A ,,or.-fr',ro,rrabre barance in whiteand black population figures a.-rrl.a h.g._;;.1;-i__t*."rr"",yet if South Africa 3:...prgd English_spe"kilrrg i__ig."rri indis_criminately this courd read to ,t". airilrner Iosing his dominantposition in the white group. There was the added drr;,;; manyRoman Catholics entering the country and .jeopardising,,

theposition of the prorestants. Basicary, it. g."JJ".'.-r,J...'fugr,,_ened that they and the Afrikane. would for. ifr. rr,r_il; *r_..After some years, ,"ril::^.:: i--i;;;;. ..not incompatible withthe South Africa way of rife'; *o"rii. .ntitled to citizenship - andthe vote. This could break rh. ;;;";;i;;i;,;;;';;';';l'u"r,rr_speaking gfoup, 60 per cent of the *hlt. voting group, has on thecentral Parliament.

These considerations led to the formuration of a very strict .,sel-ective immigration,, policy. Immigrati,o, borJr rr.-i*f.i *irtBroeders who are there ro see thatlhe ratio of Afrikrrn.-sf.aki.rgto English groups is maintained, as *;ii;;-;;^;;;;;"R;"rr"Catholics to protestants. They also restrict entry to people they re_gard as future .,good,,

South Africrl5-_ p.opl. *hf ,r^Lri ry__pathise with Governmenr !9li.y and do not openly disapprove of"rhe South African *ry oi lif..',,

151

Immigration policy has caused deep rifts in the Broederbond

and the furtio.rri Party. Extreme right-wingers see it as a sure way

of undermining Afrilaner domination, while others defend the

policy by shoriing that a balance has been maintained in spite of

irrg.'rornb.r, of i--igrants having entered the country in some

years.A Broederbond watchdog committee keeps a careful eye on the

situation and reports back regularly to the Executive' Government

immigratior, fig,r... ,.r.h tf,. committee almost as soon as they

are co"mpiled, i.crur. the Minister is a Broeder' At the first signs

oi, ,igrrin.ant shift in the Afrikaner-English ratio' action will be

taken.lhe Executive can discuss ways and means with the Minis-

ter, such as putting a brake on the admission of English-speakers

", "grirrrt Dutch ,id G.r.rr"n immigrants' But such a shift is unli-

keli because the people deciding who will be allowed into the

.orrrr,.y - the immigration offiJials board - are predominantly

Broeders. They are tiere to protect the Afrikaners' dominant Pos-

ition in the white grouP.Many studies h"rr. b.., made over the years into the effect of

l.rr-igrrtion on the -all-important

ratio' The secret Broederbond

docrrri.rt, make it cl.r, th,t immigration is one of the most seri-

ousmatterstheyhaveeverfaced,"dt'oeffortissparedinseekinga solution. For example, studies of the birthrates of the two groups

went right back to the turn of the century'

m a 6ld to Afrikanerise as many immigrants as possible' the

Broederbond formed the Maatskappy uir Euiopese Immigrasie which

is headed by Mr J H Hattingh, a prominent Broeder' The Broe-

derbond financedihis organisation, which also gets a Government

subsidy like that of the 1'820 settlers Association looking after the

interest of the English-speaking immigrants'Ar a meeting oi th. immigration watchdog committee in 7969

Dr Piet Koornhof reported that a decision had been taken in prin-

ciple that the provincial authorities (largely Broeder-dominated)

would take over nursery schools, "* "t"tty schools would be

established, and Afrikaans *ould be used in them increasingly'

in *lg.rr, children enrolling at nursery schools would^thus be

fo.c.ito learn Afrikaans at a"pre-school age. Dr Koornhof also re-

assured the meeting that figures of the previous two years indi-

cated no change in the ratio between the two language groups'

The Broederbond encourages its members to use their positions

in public bodies to facilitati the "incorporation" of immigrant

152

far

orsel

an

Se

diAC

hIT]

sla:

1

families into the Afrikaner's cultural riG. Members of women,sorganisations are invited to visit immigrant wives, arrange churchservices in the immigrants' languages, organise youth"eveningsand ask immigrant families lrtolh.-i, homes.

But the Broederbond's continuing diremma was set out in theSeptember 1964 circurar: "'we r.. rroI prepared to sacrifice our rra-ditional way of life, ranguage and culture but are obriged toaay toaccept large-scale immigration as one of the -ort i_"p*irrrt ,ia,in.our struggle. yet recruitment overseas has raised dtrbt, in theminds of the uolkbecause.the majority ofimmigrants are Engrish-speaking . . . and many b-elong toih. Ro-r., Caiholic Church.Justas in the past, the Afrikaner feels threat"".a Uf f"r.ig" a._ments;. .

"It should not be regarded as a threat to the Afrikaner's langu-age and culture. The Afrikaner nation achieved predominance inlang.uage and politics over the last 300 years even though only asmall number of immigranrs joined it.

"The Afrikaner nation's growth was largery due to the birth-rate. This strong position deveroped in spiie of the fact that thepopulation at the time of the Britiih take-6ver of the cape in 1795was only about 15 000. From that time onwards the British ele-T."l lr: always been the major componenr in emigration toSouth Africa. It is not necessary to recallihe deliberate r*.-p,, ,odestroy the Afrikaner's culture and language, (in another docu-ment reference is made ro the 26 000 Afrik;er'women and chil-dren who died in the concentrarion camps during the Anglo_Boerv/ar) but they did not succeed and the Ahikar..-rration w"ent fromIti11S1!, t" strength - ro such an extent that in 1960 there were1790 998 Afrikaners against the 1 150 73g Engrish-speakers. Theannual increase between 1951 and 1960 was no fe*ei than 33 000Afrikaners as againsr only 11 500 English_speake* of *io.r, ,r,average of 3 000 were English_speaking immigrarts.

"As has already been pointed out, we should strive for a mini-mum of 30 000 immigrants a year.-suppose we succeed in gettingthat for the next ten years and thai )6 000 would be Eigrish-speaking. Added to the narural growth of g 500 we would g., r,annual increase in the number of rnghsh-speakers or a+ s'oo ,.against the natural growth of 33 000 ,{f.ik, - ,r.- "The composition of the population wourd then change as fol-lows:

1s3

English

1960 1 150 738

7963 12120001973 1 557 000

AJrikaners1 790 988

1 890 000

2220 0a0

"The Afrikaner attained political and numerical supremacy in the

country under "'f"'ot"'Ule conditions' and he should be able to

hold his position, taking into account ihe natural increase' Of

course we should *;;;, our vigilance, bur this must be based

on positive thinking " ,. . ..:- r-^th^lic i"'X;;'i;* '"^'t""trtcular

the position rtis i vis Catholic immr-

qrznts is "under to"t'ol" because Protestants increase by 6T"/" a;n-

i"rifv and Catholics by only 24"/"'^:- -cint was reached again by

In spite of all the assurances' crlsls P(

October 1967 whenif" E"tt"tive had.to respond to concern ex-

pressed by some b;;;Jt'i' Ao'ttd ti't it had given "more and

lonser" attention to immigration matters in the pevious year' It

hadieen told of failure to honou""o'""tt"tg"ii"g the ratio of

Protestants ,o ct'nJii-t' ""J t""'i" """"i-il-able persons'" The

Bond had asked th1-cJi"t 'o fotrn'iate a poliiy that would

maintain the respective position' of Af ik"'ers and English-speak-

;;;'i;;rr.., of religion' language and culture'

As usual, tttt c't1itt had a[reed to thtBto"derbond "request"'

Instructions had been given thx led to a cot'siderable decline in the

number of immigra"i' f'orn Potttlgt"" territories' Greece' Italy

and Medite,t""t"-l'"' -"t

' whol"e' These immigration figures

ffi.;;; i" 'r"

titt'l" to indicate the decrease'

1965 January 1967 January Difference

to lune to June'\'tii 2-4ro 276e

8e4 4oe 4ql

1 10s 729 376

"The decrease from these areas will continue and will probably get

steeper. The reduc';;;;;"]1v:.fft:" people of the Roman

catholic conviction '"."'ni;ri;

aonfidential: fromJanuary 1 to June

30 1967,9 600 Proiestan? immigrants were selected as against

5 600 Roman cathoric immigrants, an entirely new pattern '.(This

information would d';; ; shirp reaction from ih' P"tt if it became

known.)

154

rfi

PortugueseGreeksItalians

"An assurance can therefore be given in all honesty. (1) The re-ligious rario between prorestants "and cathorics will not be dis-

turbed^by immigration. (2) 'unassimilable eremenrs' will be keptout of South Africa, and everything wilr be done to remove thosewho enter illegally. (3) care'will "be

taken to ensure that immi-gration does not become a threat to the Afrikaner's future. (a) Im-migrants will not deprive our people ofjobs.,,

The circular rhen laid any doubts about the Immigration Ser-ection panel whose members were appointed by th. "Strt. presi_dent for periods of one or two years.''ilt consists of the folowingPersons who are all members of one of the three Afrikaanschurches, and are all Afrikaners. G Booysen, formerly d.f,rty ,.._retary, Department of Immigration; T H V Honck, formerly sec_retary, Deparrment of I:terior; S-J p Elof{ representative, Depart_ment of Labour; P LJ Wessels,drmerly Chief of S.*.ity eo[c..Alternates: C H S ":Ld.l Merwe, deputy secretary, Departmentof Immigration; H R W de !Uet, depuiy secrerary b.pr.ime.rt ofImmigration.

"Immigration is a serious matter which can decide a nation,s fu-ture. Therefore our members must always remain vigilant, anduse the right channels to make themserves heard in a r"esponsibleway when it becomes necessary in our uolk,s interests. The appli_cationof the immigration policy during the past 12 months pro_vides the best example of this. Ii also demonsrrates the close inte-raction between our organisation and the Government (friends inresponsible circles.)" The Executive then repeated its cail to .,winimmigrants, and especially their child..rr, fo, the Afrikaner,slanguage and his culture.',

The Broederbond gave rhese details of its study of the fertilityrate of Afrikaans- and English-speaking women io determine itsinfluence on the population ratio.

! I comprehensive immigration report, circulated in March1'974, it said that Afrikaner women who completed their familiesbetween 1910 and 1945 produced about 70 per cent more childrenthan English-speaking women. Afrikaner families ."-ft.i.a u.-tween 1945 and 1960 were only about 50 to 60 per cent bigger thancor r-esp on ding En glis h- sp eakin g fa milies. Th e differe... "#r.

.,r.r,smaller, between 45 and 50 per cent, for women aged 3i to 44whose families were probably close to completio.r.io. womenl:r*..:i 20 and24 years of age the difference was only 25per cent.The higher fertility rate of the Afrikaner women was therefore a

155

temporary phenomenon and the advantage the Afrikaner has en-

joyed has probably passed."- Throughout the secret documents' discussions of immigration,

the central question is always: how will it affect the position of the

Afrikaner? This demonstrates forcibly the Broederbond's belief

that Afrikaans-English co-operation is possible only as long as the

Afrikaner is in thodominant political and cultural position, and as

long as the English-speaker is prepared to accept the Afrikaner'spolicies.

7. Hansard, January 25 1946.

156

1.

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fe

s

s

il

ili

i

9 A View on the Indian Future

when the National party first came to power and for several yearsafter rhat, its officiar poricy was still that those Indians who so de-sired would get financiar assistance for repatriation to India.over the years it became crear, however, that the Indians werenot interested in the scheme. They had been in South arri., ,ir..the turn of the century and had "...pi.d it as their fatherland.

As in all other matters of poricy, the Broederbond started at anearly stage to take an active i"t...ri in Indian ,ni.r. i,l f..tr.r..r,watchdog committee on this subject reports regularly to theExecutive and over-the years ,.rr..il study do.,r.rrIrt, i,"rr. b..r,drawn up' In one of them entitled The Future of the Indian popura-,::::!:^r!:: of a separate hometand for the r"ai""r1, fr"f.r"a.a.tt concedes at the end, "rhe fuil i.mplications of this iiea have notbeen worked out fully . . . and , -o.. detailed study i. .lqrir.a U._fore it can be considered seriously.,, ---

The detailed study on population increase srated that g3 per centof all "Asiatics" in South arri., rive in Narar, 75 per...ri if ,h.-concentrared within a 9O-mile radius of Durban. Ab"";6d f....r,of Natal's Indians live within the Durban metropolitan comprex.If this ratio remains consrant, at the end of ,rr. .'..rffi tirle willbe 1 million in Natal out of a total Indian population of 1 215 000.In 1960 rhere were i16 Indians to every i00 whites in Natal.When the removal of Indians to th.i. separate group areas hasbeen completed, 50 per cent of Natal's Indian poplhtiJr, *itt ti,,r.north of Durban

".rd o., the north coasr; 30 per i.rt i--.Jiatery

south of Durban; 6 per cent on the south .orrr, ,rrJl+-p., ..r,scattered over the inland with the biggest concentration (7 percent) in Pietermaritzburg."The Indians are.p^resently accepted as an indigenous nationalgroup' as citizens of South Africa who musr -rkI a uving in thewhite area' Ar the same time, the poricy is crear that this *,irt h.p-pen in a separate area. In the period exceeding th. roo v.rr, ,rr.yhave been in the country, the indians have bec"ome l.s, affirble,

157

rather than more, to other national grouPs in respect of possible

assimilation. For everybody except the Indians, repatriation or re-

settlement in another country remains the most acceptable solu-

tion. If that is not possible, then an alternative plan is for a separate

geographic home ih.t. the present Process of physical and politi-

cal separation can be comPleted."One of the arguments favouring this separate "homeland" is

that government-policy already aims at strengthening th-e.identity

of the Indians as a separate national grouP - "nation-building is in

progress. It is clear ihat there is no room for them in the white

nation structure, socially, politically, or otherwise, as in the case ofEnglish speakers, Portuguese,Jews and other immigrant groups.''

If i, .r...rrary that , Ligg.t concentration of Indians and a city

strucrure be esiablished on which effective separate and indepen-

dent management for Indians can be built'"Homeland orientation is also urgently necessary, because of

the increasingly uncomfortable position in which whites in Natal

find themselies. The whole province is either Bantu or border

area. A small corridor from burban to the Transvaal and Free

State border is all thar remains for the whites, and if there is no

separation between whites and Indians, the Indians would be nu-

merically superior to whites in the corridor before the year 2000,

so that the province will become increasingly unattractive to

whites."From a policy point of view, it is urgently necessary that

Indian capitai be drawn to places where it will not be a danger to

national policy. A homeland will encourage Indian entrepreneurs

to use ."pitrl productively and create work opportunities for their

own people."The document stated that a "national home" should be estab-

lished for Indians north of Durban. Its creation did not mean that

all Indians in the Republic would have to move there. It would en-

able them to fulfil ihemselves politically and prevent them from

threatening the white man's identity. It would, however' be im-

portant tJprohibit emigration from Natal to other areas, and to

,t..rrgth.r, the ties between the 'national home' and Indians in

other areas. "To give support to the idea of an 'own home" in-

vestments in educition, recreation, health etc, and the encourage-

ment of industrial settlement, can already be directed to the area

north of Durban."The new university for Indians is, for example, already situ-

158

ll*,,:,rl-:,,right place and musr be supplemented with a trainingnospltal and rhe removar of the medicar faculty from the (Jniver-sity of Natal to the university for Indians. The deverop-.", of in-dependent self-management at Verulam, and the use of expensivesugar plantations for towns, is also right and -,rr, .o.rrirr.. lt i,important that the seat of th. prop"ored Represe.rtrtirr. Indiancouncil be in the same area. Bordeiareas, adiantages for indus-tries which employ Indians are already given at Veru"lam, Tongaatand Stanger, and considerabl. d.rr.lo-p-ent has already takenplace at Tongaat. There is thus

"rr.orr.g.-ent for the creation ofwork opportunities in the area which *iil.r.or.age the rrolrrr,r.yinflux of Indians.

"Such an area does not have to be big, because the population isalready relatively concentrated. The pipulation .r, t. .rr.,risagedas- becoming increasingly involved in speciarised manufacturing,wholesale trade and especially international trade. The communitycould function in South Africa as a kind of singapor. o. rrorgKong ' ' ' It should be possibre to earma.k an a.Ja of 610 squaremiles between the Umgeni and Tugela rivers for homeland de_velopmenr. This area has.the adrantaie of already.oririrrirrg zO ro30 per cent of Natal's Indians and, afler .esettlement, 50 to OO p.._cent;. it-is a rich agricultural area in which there are some weaithyand independent Indian farmers; and such an area is an obviouschoice for resettlement in intensive urban development.

,'.T*^" stumbling blocks must be considered:^ the position ofwhite farmers in the area, and the fact that such an area wilrev^entually be the smallest and most densely populated territory inAfrica."

one of the most revealing secret circurars is entitled Indian Edu-cation in south A"frica (March 1g7r).It shows that Afrikaans is pro-moted.vigorously in Indian schoors, that the Broederbond is ada-mant that control must be kept in their hands, or in the hands ofIldlans- supporting Government policy, and the Christianisationof.the largely Hindu or Muslim'poprrlrtio. of Indians is a toppriority.

The document sketches the progress made since the Govern-ment took over conrrol of ail lndian education in rerms "i;i;Indian Education Act of 1965.

.I: .ry: the progress made since rhen has silenced most of thecritics of the takeover. "Indian leaders are not blind to the progressmade in education- The assertion that the Afrikaner (meaning the

t.

i

i

ii

159

Afrikaner Government) keeps his promises in education is oftenheard. Only now and then is an objection raised to the present

control of education, notably by the venomous leftwing Indiannewspapers, The Leader and The Graphic, published in Durban."

The circular adds that before the takeover, only two schools inPietermaritzburg and one in Durban offered Afrikaans as a sub-ject. "The teaching of Afrikaans was, therefore, shockingly neg-lected in Natal schools. With the takeover of educationin 7966, a

huge leeway had to be made up hastily, especially since Afrikaanswas, from 1974 a requirement for Senior Certificate examinations'The problem was to find teachers to teach Afrikaans. Fortunately,a nucleus could be drawn from the small group of students whotook Afrikaans in the three schools mentioned, but the problem offinding an adequate number of teachers of Afrikaans will persist

for at least three years after 1974 when all new teachers will have

met the bilingualism requirements."The drive to bring Afrikaans into Natal schools is facilitated by

pupils' particular keenness to learn the language. In order to meet

the 7974 matriculation requirement, Afrikaans has gradually been

introduced as a compulsory subject.In 7970 it was made compul-sory in Standard Six, in 1971 in Standard Seven, etc. But in fact

some of the pupils were ahead of this arrangement; 3 848 wroteAfrikaans examinations in 1970 in Standard 8, 539 for matric. Thisrepresented increases of 1 078 and 196 respectively over the pre-vious year. Indian languages are not taught in State and State-sub-

sidised schools, and there is no demand for them."The circular also dealt with Further Aims in Education, and

stressed that facilities and the standard of education for whites and

Indians must be the same. "Of much greater importance is the im-plementation of State policy through the medium of education.For this it is indispensable that the toP structure of Indian educa-

tion remains for considerable time in the hands of right-mindedwhites. Although it is Government policy that every racial groupmust be served more and more by its own group, and that eventu-ally an Indian will fill the post of Director of Indian Education, this

must not happen prematurely. The highest posts presently filledby Indians in education are those of inspectors of education, and

the policy is that all new vacancies must be filled by Indians' It is,

however, important that Indians who are sympathetic towardsGovernment policy are appointed in these posts, because fromtheir ranks the higher posts will have to be filled later.

160

"These people will have to be carefully selected, and prepared toidentify and combar wrong AA.r.r.., in educatior. fi.r. must,for instance, always b. ""grrrJ-.grr_"r, integration in sporr atschools and infirtration.of r."r,*i"g i"fluences In ,n. .rlpuses ofteachers' colleges. It is known ,fri, Nrrrr';il';;liirrr,. ,r,.r.campuses and problems have arready emerged there. persons inthese posts must be strong .rougi Jo withstand the pressure ofcertain groups such as the South if.i.r. Indian Teachers, Associ-ation' It is known that the .hrirm, of this association is co,abo-rating with liberals and integrationists. It is thus essential that con-trol of appointments to.senior posts in education must remain fora considerable time in the hands of right_mi"a.a *iii.*;;The deviousness with which rhe Broederbond achieves some of,i: ,iTr is apparent from a secrion ,ho*irrg how the Indians areChristianised without being ,*rr. oiir."It is furthermore our d-uty as christians to herp promote thechristianisation (kerstening) of Indians through the medium ofeducation' This must be-carefulry irndl.d. For this reason re-ligious teaching as such is nor pr""ia.Ji" Indian schools, but whati1

.1a]t9a "Right Living". *r. mt."iion is to bring home to thechild basic a*irudes Juch as h;;;;;;, obedience, grarefulness,neigh.b-ourly love etc.^A considerabr. ir., of the syllabus consisrsof Bible srories or refers to.Bible figu'r., and rexrs. Every year alarge sum is voted to provide Bibles to Indian schools. ti.'.rgro*teaching was allowed, every religious gro,rp would have the rightto teach its faith in the schoors.6..rui" rtr"r.t 95 per..rriortr,.teachers are non-Christian, tt.y *o.rtJ then have control.,,By 1981 24tOOo Indian p"pit, *o.rta artend J;;i'i10000concentrated in the lower Umgeni_Tugela river "..rrr'4i,0 p".cent of the roral school populatiJn. ,.t, Jth.. *"rar, ,frl, ,-J;" *rffchange in the next 1,^yea.. ,o .o*p.ir. Uy a, tfre biggest complexof Indians in South Africa,

""d g;;;;phicalty trlr-r"Ji.i". rr._ther expansion' Indian educationlr p?r"ir.a to meet the demand asit develops from year to year.,,In order to ensure Broederbond authority and overa, contror asenvisaged, the kev posts in Indian Education ,r. _rrr.a UyBroeders' The Directtr of Indian Education is Mr Gabrier (Gawie)Krog who serves on the BroederbonJ E*.cutirre. The Rector ofthe Univ-ersity of Durban-w.rt"i,. 6o. Indians) is professor S pOlivier, formerly on the BroederbondExecutive, and the Regis_trar of the university, Mr Gawie Heystek, is also a nr".+r.

1.61

10 ?,r,!";:;o{:;;o and the

When the former Prime Minister' Mr Vorster' finally withdrew

the last vestiges of .oiotrrta representation from the South African

Parliament in 1968, iit n'o"at'Uond was ecstatic' At last the

dream embodied i,' tht *g"'i"tion's earliest constitutions had

been realised, "The t;;;t;;fu" of all coloured races domiciled in

South Africa with prJvi'iot' fo' their independent development

,rrd", the trusteeshiP of whites'"1

The Executirr. Cl'"til w'ote joyful congratulations.in their

monthly circular t"rr.r itogt6g of April S 1968' praising Mr Vor-

ster for his courage.-ilrrr. Executive counci] is especially deeply

ilrr"i"r-rh", o.r. "ho"o"td Prime Minister' John Vorster' ls cur-

rently taking one of the most important ttgni ii1"i1*-t.:l*':iib.;;l ,trrrlgl. against political integration for non-whrtes -which would u.irrg-it.-aiwnfall of *tit., in all spheres .of

life -namely the termina'i"" "f

coloured representation in Parliament'

This courag.or, ,,.f"*iri ""l""Utedly be recognised as one of the

most important milestones in our struggle for -wh11

survival' and

as being in line *itt' Ct"ttal Hertzog'' fr'ti'e Legislation of 1936'

Dr Malan's prevention of Indian rePresentation in Parliament' and

Dr Verwoerd's Transkei Act'"But it was in ,h;'",,.e"v';;;re of things that the Broedetb:i]

should be well aware of it, ,e,ponsibilities in the new dispensatlon

for coloured people' Not content merely to sit back' now that

whites at last had e*clusive sovereig"ty it' South Africa's.Parlia-

ment, the organis'iio" tt' to with -a will to ensure that the new

coloured policy *;'l; work - or at least be seen to work

For a start this ,.g"rr.d ihat the first national elections to the

Coloured P.rro,,,l-iltp"tt"t'ti"e Council (CR-C) should run

smoothly with enough support-from the coloured electorate; and

secondly it requirJ it'"' ti'i right man and the right party should

command a majoritY in the CRC'

The Broed.ru.ritppt"'Jtalr'is task with its customary zeal

and determirrtio,,.--ff,t*it'g its weight into the election' it fla-

162

grantly ignored the prohibirion of poriticar Inrerference Act (No51.of 1968) whicl *.rr.rp..ifi.rliy ;.ris;.J-r;;;;; the in_volvement of whites in "iron-whiie'; poriticar affairs. The Broe-derbond chose to back th. .o.rr..rr.tiu. F.d.rrl Coloured peoples,Party under the leadership of ,n. f.o_rprrtheid Tom Swartz.Writing in the Suydg ii*rs,r lrrir Hennie Serfontein clearly ex_posed the extent of the Broederbond's role in the 1969 corouredelecdons:- ''It gave secret support on a rarge scale to the FederarParty of Mr Tom Swarrz b.f"..

"rrJ ,ft.."parliament iri prrr.athe Act in 1968 to prevent white poriticar parties f.o- irt..r..i.rgin non-white politics. ..

"In the light of informadon gained from the latest documents,the-following points hrr. e-..f.d. tn september 1966 the No In-terference Bill was ,rr.*p..t.ily dropped two weeks after thedeath of Dr Verwoerd as a direci ,..,rii of pressure ;y ;; Broe_derbond UR (Executive council) on tie cabinet. The uR fearedthat if the Bill was passed at thatil-.,1, would wreck their secretoperationstobacktheFederaIPartyofMrSwartz

. "A special Broederbond commit,.. *., appointed in 1966 withthe task of helping the Federal er.rf i, lt, .i..tio, .r_irig, i, ,manner which would not directly involve the Govern;.;;"In october 1968 the Broedeiborra sent out a speciar circularurging Broeders and divisions to assisr with the *giri.riio, orcoloured vorers and expressing the ur.ti"g of the E ".i.ru"rafor Mr Swarrz. The christiaa'n de wet Fund - the secret R1-million fund of the Broederbond - contributed more than R50 000to finance the election campaign of the Federar party. Mr Louisvan der Walt, a uerkrampte (iig-htwing) f"i_;i;; ;;i;;; of theBroederbond, who was also .."pr"yJi by the R.pdh.i.;i.r.. I.r_telligensie Diens (RlD) - the ghost ,.ctio., of the Sp..iri O."r.f, ,,that time - was a kingpin Jr ,rrit "f.iation and contro,ed rheBroederbond coloured campaign. . .

"In the middle 1960s, D.V.i-oerd, as prime Minister, and DrPiet Meyer, as chairman of the Broederbond, ,g..J ,fr", ,fr.Broederbond should-activery invorve itserf in ."i.;;;;;.iiii* uvbacking the Federal party. . . trr. uR-iir.rrred the coroured pol-itical campaign of Mr van der Walt. Th.r. was apparently greatconsternation when they came to the conclusion it rt ,froirta tn"No Interference Bill be passed at that stage, it could seriously-jeop_ardise the B roederbond invorvemen, irirr. ."i""r.i

^.i*ril;r."Dr Piet Koornhof, the former Broederbond ,....t.ry

"rJ th.,

1.63

a member of the uR, was asked to convey an urg€nt message to

Mr Vorster and the Cabinet' They requested the Government to

postpone the Passing of the Bill' -,,In October 1g6i the Broederbond Executive issued a special

circular letter dealing *i'ft the CRC elections' Dealing with the

political parties, it ,afd, 'During the last few years a.political con-

sciousness has started to grow amongst the coloureds' In terms of

""r p.i".lple of guardian"ship, it is nicessary ,that

t11-e-re-should be

g"ia'r".. iro- ,ti. white man to ensure development in the right

channels' The law o., i-p.oper interference restricts active influ-

.r.irg.' The last ,.rrr"t"t was obviously intended ,T -i,:-T"O*

,.r."ri to hide even from its own members the active involvement

of ,fr. Broederbond," Mr Serfontein commented'

That the nroed..bo.'J *" indeed not averse to flouting this

law becomes clear in a subsequent special circular letter to memb-

ers sent out on August 141969' "Whites, in terms of the.ImproperInterference Act, may not give help to.coloured people-in connec-

tionwiththeelection.Yetwecannot3ustremainaloofinthefaceof indicarions rhat influence is being e*e.ted by leftist institutions

in specific support of the Labour Party' The successful execution

.f iir. policy^of seParate development is' after all' at stake. here'-

"There a.e, in i^rr, ^

t'umbei of matters to which whites can

give attentiorr, .rp".irffy i" areas with large concentrations of

coloured voters. Firstly arrangements can be made to get them to

the polling stations on'septe,ibet 24-, and secondly the support of

the Federal Coloured People" Party led by Tom Swartz can be en-

."".rg"a. It is the largest and best organised conservative coloured

party in the country"and will apparit'tly put up candidates in 40

'r.r,r. S,rpport for the other, '-'iltt conservative parties can only

benefit the Labour Party in three-cornered contests'

"Legal opinion on it. tt"lsport of coloured voters indicates that

a whiie ..r, *rk. his vehicle available to a coloured person to go

and vote himself and/or transport other voters' The white must

not drive and may ,rot receivi recompense' The coloured voter

must provide the'f".itit"taf' (ln other words' a white can lend

his vehicle but not hire it out') Friends can make a contribution to

a successful outcome in the following ways'

"(a) Explain to coloured people in your employ the importance

of the democratic',ror", "t'aif" ttttt'i'y for every voter to. cast his

ballot. (b) Encourage them to go and vote on election day, 1nd

give them tfr" oppo?tr'rnity to dJ to' (c) Talk with other well-dis-

164

oo

ile

fe

r

posed Afrikaners and get them to do the same. (d) Entrusr vehiclesto reliable drivers .1 lrrrt,rtr.y .r.ri"ti ,.rrrport orher vorers, ifyou can see your way clear to do,tir. 1.;.I"fl";;;;.Iio.rr.apeople in your emoloy ro vote f.. ,fr. e.a.rrf Cofo.r..l elopt.r,Party of Tom Swartz, otherwir. tfr..left_wing Labour party(under M A Arendse) will gri" ;;r:rii, ,o,..,,As it turned out the Bioedert;;I; support for the FederalParty was a massive fr"p. To- -iirrrrr,,

party was severelytrounced by the anti-apartireid Labour errry. There were 573 9g5registered voters ,.rd th. .f..ti"" ,J*lt *", as follows.g

PartyLabour Party of South AfricaFederal Coloured peoples, partyRepublican Coloured peoples, ir.ru .rf

South Africa and South W.r, aiii.r'National Coloured peoples, er.ty

-'"*Conservative partvlndependent candiiates

Votes Seats140 631 2687 781 11

21 693 1

17 759 1

3 86513 351 1

However, because the composition of the CRC laid down byParliament provided for 40 ;;;;;^_"mbers and 20 membersnominated by the Sourh African Go,o.,

:i::-I*. ,*r.,g to the pederar n#I::',*,1,:"f;'f*f,TlmaJorlty.

Tom Swartz, who.hld lost-his deposit when beaten by theLabour Parry candidate in the Kassersirr.i .on.tituency, rationar-ised this by saying: ,,.art]rougi ir,""i.i..rr party got only 12 seatsm rhe election,{ and the_Rep,Ibh.r., ,rJ Nrtiorrf F"rri., f.re each,these rhree, which ,rrd..*rit. C;;;;;_.nt policy, polled alto_gether 158179 vores _against the Labotr..lrrry,, 136 g4S,a major_ity of 21334 vores."i l*r.r, U..r_.lrrairman of the CRC andendured a five-vear term of office in which he was repeatedlyhumiliated by the overwhelmi"gp.frfr. support for the LabourParty' He became increasingly a[iir"rr"r.d with rhe Governmenr,which granted him nothin; ;.1;;*, ii, toyrt stand.By the time the second ..-otor."a .t'..rio., came round on March19 7975, the Broederbond hrd be.om. ,flgfrdy _;;l;;_.p..,in its advice, but neve*heles, -rd;;;;irit..l.r, to members in aspecial circular of March : *fr."r

-ri.y ,horld persuade theircoloured employees and acquain;;;;J;; support. The letter des_

165

cribes the two main coloured political parties as follows' "(a) The

Federal Coloured P.;;[t' Ptity'' poliiy is to seek its communi-

;h;.;..ts through iialogue iiti' tt" authorities' and to try to

achieve consensus. 1b) ihe i'bo" Party does not follow the path

of dialogue, Ur, "rrl.rnpit

to achieve iis ends through confron-

tation with the authorities'"The Broederbond's plan again backfired' The Labour Party was

returned with an i";;.;t; riajority' winning 31 seats to the Fed-

eral Party's eight.But the organisation's support for the Federal Party faithfully

continues. The Souih Aitit#ntoadcasting Corporation', which is

Broederbond-.o.rr.oil.d, gives extensive coverage- to the utter-

ances of the currenJ itLt"A p"rty leader' Dr w J Bergins' while

the demonstrably -ott ttpttstt't"ti"t Labour Party views go vir-

;;ry;;Ao*.i o" tithe'r radio or television in South Africa'

Thepositionofthe"brownAfrikaners"'asthecolouredpeopleare called, has been a source of constant embarrassment to the

Nationalist Government which has come under heavy Pressure'

even from its own ranks, to act on the issue'

TowardstheendoftheTgT6Per|iamentarysitting,the.eagerly,*li,.i report of it. Erika Theron Commission was tabled'

The commi.sio., i"d been appointed on March 23 1973 to in-

vestigate tfr. prog,.t' "f trc toiot"td people in social' economic'

corrst"itrtiorrai sport, cultural and local government matters' to

iJ;; fy p.ir,r, or .o"tention in these 'phtttt' '"1-':^'l:tstigate,rry fr.th., connected matters that came to the notice ot the com-

mission and in i; ;t; warranted examination' After hearing

evidence for three years' the commission of 72 white and 6

coloured .rr.-b.r. hl,dti by the prominent Stellenbosch sociol-

oglrt, Prof...o. ftif' fhe'ot', compiled 178 recommendations'

There was a *ii;ly r"ia utritr that Mr vorster would use the

findings as a basis for dramatic moves towards a new dispensation

for colourea p..pi., itt'ti"g down- barriers that a large number

of people, i.,.lrdi.rg ;;;t Nationalists' no longer thought justi-

fied. These hop.r-oi"t., hl*t"tt' largely dashed' Wtrin * -t:Imission's ..poit was tabled the Government presented an lnterlm

memorand"- .";;;;; its provisional comments on the in-

l.riry'. findings and recommendations' Virtually every recom-

mendation that would hold any meaningful political consequence

for the coloured population was rejected'

Among ,rr.r..i."t recommend"iio"t to repeal the Mixed Mar-

166

fhemi-.toarhf,n-

vas

ed-

Llly

riser-Lile

'ir-

ple:he

r€,

rly

n-ic,torte

n-1g

6rl-

ire

)ner:i-1-

m1-

1-

:e

riages Act and to repear Section 16, dealing with prohibition of sexacross rhe colour line, of the Immoralit! Act; i" ;;;-;"louredpeople direct represenrarion at a, revels- or gorl-rr'*i io ,.p.rtall statutory reservations in the "r. .r rabour; and that colouredpeople should be able to lease or own farming fr"a "ryrrfrere inthe Republic.

The Government's interim report said recommendations thatwould amount to abandoning the recognition ,ra a.rr"iop_ent ofthe identity of the.variou, polpU"rio, g.orp, in the Republic werenot conducive to the orderiy and evo.itiorrry rdrrrrr..._*t of thevarious -population groups in the Republic as a whore. For thisreason rhe Government was, for exampler not p..pr;;;;. changeits standpoint, in the light of the s""irr.am.an situarion, in regard

x.,'.nr Inrmorarity Act and rt. p.otriuition of ffi;'il;rriages

Any recommendation to the effect that direct representationshould be granted to. coloured p"opt. in the existing parliamen-tary, provincial and local institutions was, consequently, not ac_ceptable to the Government. The Government announced that itwould table a comprehensiu. ..rpo.r* to the .o__irriorrk ,.por,later, in the form of , Wf,ir. p;il. "'

Throughout this process the broederbond was an acdve pres_ence'. intimatery involved in the formuration of the Government,sprovisional commenrs and in th" d.r*irrg ,p of tt.-Wfrii"'frp.r.It gives an indication of this i, it, .i..rtr. l.tt.. s,oni or yty t1976' "Branches are aware of the first reactions to the rerease of thereport of the Erika Theron commission on coroured matters. TheExecutive council had a specirr .o"r"rirrion with the relevant re-sponsible friend (Mr Hennie Smit, Minister of Col,ourej, n.fro_both and Nama Relations) dfb; rfr.'..por, was released. Theprovisional comments . . . of the Government on the report rep_resent the considerations discussed i" ifri, consultation."There are naturally other .ort.rtiom proposals as well, apartfrom those on which ir," co"L.";;;;;r, already reacted, whichwill be handled in later comment: for exampl., iard o*rr..ship.Meanwhile, the Executive counc, trusts thai branch.r-*irr ,r.raythe reasonably comprehensive ,r_-".i., of the commission,sreco-mmendations, and the Government,b y th e

" : ; ;; d; [,, a i r p o,, i b[ ;,;;; ; l'iJr""1i11, ]ieXiT:'fffthat is a big job). The Exeiutir. Co,rr.it,s commirtee for colouredmafters will study the report and will shortly ,r"r._ii i;."__

167

ments to the branches for guidance' With its help' our members

should be able to give a lead in public life'"- Later, in March 7977 , th" Executive Council said much progress

had been made with the study of the report' "The Exccutive

Council's special .o--i*tt has worked on this since July 1976

.rirf, ,fr" heip of a panel of expert friends and has already com-

pleted its recomm..rdatiot"' It has on a number of occasions dis-

cussed its findings i" i.t"il with the relevant responsible friends"

(Circular 117178 of March 3 1977)'

In April of that year the Government tabled its detailed White

P;;;;" the Theron Commission' It confirmed all the worst fears

oi'r.ryo.r. who had hoped for significant change'

Shock, anger and d^isappointment met the Government re-

sponse which *". ,i,t"rnti " ' "whitewash job" by th.e Sunday

TimesonApril77l,g77'sevenofthecommissioners'includingProfessor Theron, issued a statement publicly condemning the

Wti,. Paper; the (coloured) Labour Party rejected it as an "apart-

h;il';;*;nt.,,6' Two months later the Broederbond Executive

circulated to it. -.-bers a summary of the report it had passed to

the Government. Any doubt that t-he Broederbond wields enor-

mous influence in th. .ttablishment of Government policy is im-

-.ai","ty dispeileJby the organisation's introduction to this se-

cret report. "As annolnced lait yeer' a series of panels of friends

*... ,ppointed to study the Erika Theron report and to. PrePare

comment thrt .ouli f,. p'"t"""a to the Go"einment on behalf of

the Executive Council'-.-;'fti, trg. ,rrLi"; been completed and discussions have been

held on more than o"t ott"ion with friends in responsible circles'

The following is a summary of the comment eventually presented

on behalf ortr,. orgi'it;;il to friends in the Government' As will

be noticed, much 3i 'f"

comment has been taken up in the White

Paper which was tabled in Parliament by the Government during

April."This is, in fact, the case' A large number of the Government's

responses to the Theron Commission's recommendations reflect'

in revised language, the views expressed in the Broederbond's

document. tn o.rJ,.ttion the White Paper re-n1od3c3s virtually

word for *ord the nroederbond reactitn' This deals with the

commission" ,..o-rrr.ndation 85(c) that "colleges of advanced

technical education should fall directly under the Department of

National Education." To this the Broederbond responded:7

168

"The limitations-in the tuition currentry exlterienced at the corege aremainly due to o :!lr:ogr.,,o1

toUo,roto,ry facilities and lecture theatres.These shortcoming. *ir"b. ou...i-. with the addition of thefacilities providei for in ,fr. aa_lnisrration,s ;;i;;rg p.._gramme with a ,,.:-1.. dT: *_lel il 1s77. rf,. ,rrii.tprrJd .orr, ofthe building.project are R1 sso boo and rhe conrract period is 36monrhs' so rhe additionar "..o--oiation ough, ,o uJ.o-pretedby 1980. A second ,.abg, jrr

"i)iirra rcchniat ,ar*,iJ, for theWestern Cape within thrfirrir:r^rbfi:1rir3 cannot be jusrified. Instead, asimilar institution i s. envisaged 1* trort nti zab eth,,, The Broederbondsaid the commission" .r.oir-.;;;"" was in conflict with thecurrent constitutionar arrangement under which ,i.^.J"*rion ofcoloured youth ,ro to collegl t.rr.i *., one of the functions of theColoured p.opl.J, Representative Council.In the White paper, the Govern_1rr, ..rponds to the recom_mendadon in the same langurg;, ;il only difference is that theWhite Paper shortens and jolns Lrro orr. the sentences not in italicsin the Broederbona arcutar. -d."1rriry

rhe Government whitePaper faithfully reflects *h;, ;h.;;oederbond ;;;;;, ,rg_gests, although the above .*._pl. i, th. only case where thelanguage has not been subst";;i;rr modified.'*,. air..epancymight be attributed.ro the a., ,irii'rre Broederbond document inthe authors'possession i, ", ,b.idgedierrio, of the organisation,srctual report to the Go,,r..r,_.rral? _ry also be the casi that whenhe Broederbond efjglea ;h.-;";;;;;e of secrecy it expresses itsuiews more forth.igiriy *rr,.1rr.'c""vernment had to considerpublic opinion, pa.ticula.ly ..rrrlri*Ii rhis issue, and may conse_(ruentlv have slishtry. modified ilt-il;,.'oro.ir",il;lr*" r"rnake the poirt I".., trr"rrf . r"r'.ir_pr", one recommendationrvhich the Broedetld .J"q9.l."rffy rejected, rhe Governmenraccepted with reservations._ ,lthorgh to-drt. i, fr* aor. notfrirrgabout implementing.it. rrt, *", .r.-rr. tzo orrh" Th.;;; R.po.r,r"'hich recommend.i that, ;aplrr'a.i the possibility thar ce*ainfrcilities (within glou-p ,r"rri can be reserved for specific racegroups' the gradual direstrictio, o, a serective urril-.i'pruri.places' facilities and certain u"r.h.r-t. rccepted as an objective.,,The Broederbond gave a,flat..."o rrlpio*,, for this idea and em_prasised the need for t!1a.rr.top-.r't'of fac,ities .,in their own(roloured) areas'" It said a*.r,"p.rr'rtor,ta be restricted whentley bought land for develop;J;; i,*hir",,

beaches. It shouldbt' established in adva.r.. that th. irra was not in a traditional

169

coloured area. The Broederbond thereafter suggested a remark-

able modification t()"t)(i"i'g legislation" giving-an insight into the

organisation', ob'""]I"'i' i"t''l?t"t "'i l" aidiction to absolute

o'*Err..rrtly all land above the high-water mark is State PtoP:

erty. This means tt"i it" area between the low-water mark and

the high-wr,.' t"'i"';;":;;;'t-1a1d.' 'ffl'di"g free access and

movement. L' o'dtit;;;ilright thing by the landowners' the

determinations (of ;; Att -t'L b" exiended to the low-water

mark, so that control over movement can be exercised'"

The Government responded to this particular recommendation

of the commission bv giving conditional tPpt*'!-1:'l::* "t t'

was done o, , ,.r..tiJ.ir.irl*hen the need arose or when segre-

gadon arrangements had become superfluous - a comfortably

vague "rrd

,,o"to**l*f *"ti"n whlch leaves the Government

ample room tor *;;t;;;;' it'it is the only recommendadon on

which there is evrdence of any .on .pturl iiff....r.. betrveen the

Broederbond d"J;;;t-"'a tr'" G";;;;;'"t White Paper' and

even then it can hardly be describea "^' ""'*atic divergence of

"ttJ;; of the criticisms of the white.Paper by the Theron com-

missioners *" '# " -;;; guidelines o" f't"t policy for the

coloured people' iil;-;" t'kt-'.' 'p by othe' commenta'tors who

accused the Gover^nrrr.rr, of t "vingin i'"t "o

policy on the matter

"'#lnr, is the case' it is not tru-e for the Broederbond' The organ-

isation hr, .',.'.,y'il;;;;;lity for the toto"'"a community' based

on the establishm'i;;'Ji;;it;;"a """"t"ic areas' Although 'it

shies away fi"rn';; -t"tp' of a coloured homeland per se' tn

essence the Broederbond pl"' "to'ii' io

'f" establishment of a

Colouredstan arranged lot on gt"gt'pf it ' lines' although

geographic'Uy jtt'?tated areas ""-it"'ol""d'

but on economrc

grounds' r ^r-^ a-^orl."h.',nr1's policv are that theThe arguments behind the Broederbond's policy are

coloured ptoptt"i""i""ii anit a face enormous economic disad-

vantages. There;;;;it""d tto"ornv as such' Coloured entre-

p r en eur s " n ,, o "if s m a ll' :l " .Y:. ;r,;i"1.,'Ji

i' ;,i# ;".': i: JI:

i"J$,:l'"::':i;': ;o.T:.'T."'ff; ;; 'h"' disadvantage "l f''

coloured ptoprt" iT tr"' "t"t "r ?r"- tolo"td market' which

spends "" ""ttgt"oio"ty 25 per tt" of its income at coloured

170

e

ef;;*::mxs' Largelv as a result of their geographicat distri-outlets.

consumers spend their money mainly at whiteSecondly, coloured entrepreneurs exgelielce a shorrage ofcapi_tal as a result of the nr., proUt._.-arra rfri.aly, says the Broeder_bond scenario, rhe .oro,iJ i.*r; are competing in a milieuwhere the whites have alwayr i;o.;. initiative andit,r do, mak-ing it difficult for-thei, o*n i"ir*J. to come into play.According ro the Broederbond pir.rr "For alr three of these

l':iT,?i l#n:::{lanhi c'o"'ofJ"io''r tr"'"i""'a p eopr e

. According to the organisation's scenario, there are two arterna-tive merhods of developing , g;;;; of people, who, within asingte.popularion, have an .;""";;;iir"d;;;"g;. ir,l,nrr, i, ,._tive discrimination in favour or r".i . group through the esrab-lishment of special .o.por"tio.r. 1il. .r,._ple, the Coloured De_velopment Corporatio"; ard .ry.*;-ents and State insrirutionsglvins direct supporr and preferer.. ,o the education of such ag.olp, and by ensuring that in all commercial conrexr, ,t* grorprs glven opportunities and receives special ,arr.rrrg.r. ,.Thi,method makes ooliticar po*., r". .ororr.d peopre inevitable. Ifthe coloured people shared, f* ."r-ple, white political insti_tutions, they would be able . .*.*ir"mendous ;"it;.;i;.essurethrough their labour vore and by using thrs pressure courd channerdiscrimination ro their advanrr[". ;;""

The Broederbond is doubtfui", to *rr.tt er this method wouldoffer any Iong-term policy pr"rp..; Obrriorrly, the Bond wouldbe repelled by the urri. r.iuir.'-.", i.r., which is for corouredpeople ultimatelv to .share p"rri."i-p.wer, and the organisation

il""rTli..-ru. .n.rg"ti. ;Ai;';;3.'nionr,.rte that thii was nor

The second method of economic advancement, in the organis_a tion's view, would prom o te rh. ;;;;;;;-;;;^il;;r:";, rr"rpon a territorial basis. ,,A diversiry i; th. geographic frameworkcan bring about a measure of separation,.although such separationneed not necessar,v have politi'cai;;.,", as its finar aim or re-sult ' ' ' An advanraqe of this -.rhJ-i. ;hat there wourd nor needto be so much disc"riminati.r ;;J;;sidisation in favour of the,loloure{

people, particurarry in ,ri.* oithe fact that capitar accru_rng to the coloured people r, . ..r,ri, ;ir:l*t.;;"J;;:i.r^could be spent at coroured outlets i, ti.r, own areas. In this way, a

dd

e'r

:)

r

n

j!'t1

e

tf

171

certain proliferation factor comes into play whic| 11rlt TIt

*;;;;iJ"; contribution to the improvement of the coloured

paopla', economic status'"10

This alternative is liearly much more in line with Broederbond

thinking and the organisation comes out firmly in favour of "sep-

arate region.l ..orrJ*ies whereby coloured pt:pfl t1*:",tl""'geographicrt .or,.*i';iit "yt'

i'A' ^

later stage' when the de-

?;i;;;;. has further advanced, it would be possible to make a

political choice U.t*.t' general integration "t'd ' *""ture of sep-

aration."11Theauthorsofthescenariohastentoemphasisethatwhatthey

recommend .horrla,'oi be envisaged as a coloured homeland' but

as an attemp, ,o ,.t'itt'" ttt'o*L advancement for the coloured

*"nr. "Tlierefo.e it i' ttto-mended that iarge co-loured centres

consolidatea "t.}ot -t"Jt"g, Port Elizabeth and Cape Town be

considered, ,"a ,f,"i--'glt'Jt"'l land be made available to

coloured people north of-C'pt Town on the west coast up to the

o;;;g. dir.r. The agricultural areas must be able to support a

variety of types.f i';;'i;g' As against the recommendation of the

Theron Commission that areas must become available every-

where, *....o--."d the opening of selected consolidated areas:

coloured Preference arees'"r2

TheBroederbond'scolouredpolicyandthephilosophybehindIt ,." ,p"tt out in far greater detail in another secret document en-

titled The Colourei'--";;i; of theirfuture' The document' remark-

able for its *.tic,io", dog'i"tic l'ogic' starts. by saying that des-

fit. t.girt"tion South Africi is moving towards economlc lntegra-

iiorr, pl"r,i.ularly *ith "g"d to the.ioloured people' It goes on:

;;iir,,;,ory ""a

,a-i"i"'iti"t control ' ' ' alone will not achieve set

objectives. Together with these' urban complexes -must be

planned g.og.rpt'it'tty "'a socio-economically specifically to

achieve the objectives of the State' r ,"Take Crp. fo*" as an example' The coloured communlty ln

the Peninsula lies ai"ttly in the path from Cape Town to the

white heartland ."f,i.i' 'includes ihe St"'d' Stellenbosch and

Paarl. . . Physically, if'. white development out of the Cape in the

direction of the ;iJ;; heartland is 6eing inhibited by the giant

coloured residential areas developing o,, th. Cape Flats, and white

developmer, *iiil""" rt'"t 'o

it"iftog this non-white area and

develop around i,. ' ' rf whites "'i bl]'tkt are employed in the'

same develop-.rri',"ttot, it is difficult to achieve economic paral-

172

lelism. In the lorcurrenrrineof ,:-":ililITi:,n:*l:H:1,,:::cenrrationsthe

"The followinand blacks ur. ,l.l

considerations apply. tn Ihe same sector whitesrems,rereph.".,;#;l::;ff :{;:l?,il#::J;xfl*irjimplication is clear: the ,r--.'r.r.phon. system serves, forexample, white and non_whit. 1aJ tire ,".p;;;;.oo,i_urritl.r;and therefor. *n,i:::1.". .;;;J;iioria. rhe exchange staffs andmaintenance technrcrans. . .

"The same happens in all the systerwater, power,,*ai o.,

^ir',i*l",llil:.:;:TlJi.,,ly, ;.;::and other personner' luhites lr"".i-rr,.nd to it ar, and so non-whites take over on a significant scale. The trouble with de_velopments tending to*r.d, integration is that advance towardsthe coloured.peoptle's.;r-;.;;;";i.'"nri,y is hindered and it isIargely absorbed by the white..";;;y. lTithout terrirorial struc_turing on a Iarge scale... ,rr. ,,rl"r-#.r.. of community services,, o+;-tr

-r:_,1_

lTg. exren r fo... frr.ii;;"i il;i#. :/,, rrrl rLsilarro goes.?1 to emphasise the need"for careful townpran'I'ng, so that oaralrer white rra .olor."d communities can de_velop. These ,.. ,*..of the pfrrrir! considerarions. (l) The in_terface of white and coloured;;;;ffirust be developed as indus_tria_l and commercial zones ,;;;;;;

and significant contact trk., prr..,t olrril:.,Tilrll;,ii ffi,i:H:merciar zones can be so prann"a th"t"i. pr., of the white sectorthat borders on rhe coroured il;.;; be used for whire indus-tries where coroured *ort"rr-*iii ul'iimt.a by job reservarion.

IH.:n:;Tl;:[-..l.b,.,".;;;io",,'i,i,,,,*hi,".,,*",raappry(3) Logistical pranning of ra,way rines and road systems musrensure that the two groups move economicalry

"rrd .ff..ti,r.tywithout using the same routes. (4) Services, incruding commercialservices' must be developed u ,rr.

-..r"ured area to allow thec^oloured people to develop irr.i. ."""-.conomy by their own eGtorts as quickly-as possibre^. $) vzhere Joroured areas do not havethe resources of rrained manpow..io i.rr"top their o*n ,.-*i..r,consideration must be given . ;;;;ring white capital and in_

:rli:r. under safeguardl. (6) Th;';;st be onty a few specialpreference areas for coloured p."pt" ,o ,r,li ,r,.1 [..o_.ra..,:.:ilJr*:he

coloured p."pr.'J'..iri ".ono-t. and politicat setG

173

The most important advantage of this system' so. far as the

Broederbond is concerned, is thai the coloured people become in-

;;;;iy i;d.p.rrd*t economically and sociaily' contacts with

;il;#,; grorp, after the organisaiion of their own community

has becom. ,o imp*tant to iht- that they do not hanker after

what the other races have and are no longer dependent on whites

for the maintenance of their own comm,',,ity, willbe less comp-li-;

cated. White -rrr.g.-""t of coloured affairs would eventually fall

'Ilr.orro_ic forces still exercise the most powerful naturar effect

on desirable socio-political evolutionary p'tttttrs' The establish-

ment of prefere.rce areas " ' provides the best mechanism to

achieve, and in , ..rrr" to co"'itl, reconstruction of community

,.,tl.rr,*t and the fo.mation oinational entities in South Africa -even if local administrative bodies and capital do not always want

to underwrite and support the objectives of separate development

"The colour.d prJf.,.nce poiits will eventually develop into

coloured conurbations where the glories of first-class citizenship

unfold for them. .. Wo'k oppo't'"'ities will develop for them in

their own municipaliti.,,"''"'po't undertakings' industries' large

and small brrir..r*, .o,,,,""'ion aRd property firms and in other

directions .h.rr.r..l.,i; ;il;tgt co""b'tio's' While a number of

coloured cities are L.i"g o';bfished according to a- set plan' all

existing coloured ,..r, "."

be retained' The conurbations need

;;;;rd'; only for ti- iJ-m'llion additional coloured people to be'r..orrr-odaied by the turn of the century'"

,-

At the Crp. .o,,gtt" of the ruling National Party ,held

in

August this year, st-riking similarities can be distinguished be-

;;" the party line and lh't of the Broederbond as regards the

po.irion of th" .olo.rred people' The following report appeared in

7he Rand Daily Mail:rs"The National Party's Cape congress in East London yesterday

reaffirmed that the Western Cape would remain a "coloured pref-

erence area,, and callei for far-ieaching measures to keep "illegal

blacks" out."A controv ersial uerligfe motion proposed by the- Stellenbosch

branch calling for an .,,i to restrictions on blacks and the granting

oioe-yr^r lJ"r.hold;""; as in other areas fell away when the-orrgr.r, overwhelmirigly accepfg-'" opposing resolution pro-

porJ by the CaPe leader, Mr P W Botha'"Mr Botha', ..*i"iio" combined three other resolutions which

174

;::f T:iillj,,I". y..,,"Tllof ,o. wour d rem ain a,,p rereren ce"It called for several _.rrrr", to enforce this, including:

;l:*,.rffi mini mu m n";;-;; tn. *i ,n J." ;;i".. r,h. la b o u r., rh e, _ _.1i,',T',{;n: i*, i.r;i

"x,o",.ffi . ;;,; ; b ein g i n;Hm,l,If x,|L#'

:G;;;t"i io """,. thal this wourd hap-"The imposition of revies to make brack labour in the area moreexpensive and the prevention of brack labour recruitment if there*11^un:.rployment of colou reds.r_/r l,enls Worrall, Mp for Gardens, supported the resolutionsaying the issue went to the heart of Go,n..rr_ent policy whichwas working towards a radicar fb;of partition berween ,bracksand non-bracks'' 'rnir r"*iuir""'rr saying we must limit themovements of blacks outside the existing nJ_Ar.rar*-i.rrr, *"must reduce the numb_". of bh.lr-i., tfrt area,,he said."Those in favour of tfr. St.it.rrUor.fr-..roirrl., ,rii ,fr"y sup_ported the Western Crp" .._ririr!", .otor.ed preGrence area butthis could be done by ;;;;;;iffi, control and not by indis_criminarory -*r::"r":1., Jia i.!'+nrl.lsewhere. Another dele_gate urho spoke in favour of th.'rterenbosch resorution said

;:'.".:':* T if,:f mh"d to d o

i'r'l'p wo rk ",,.t,, ..., b bin g

"A delegate whl,cailed for tighter restri*ions on bracks in theX:';",::.ft ffi :,j

.h i rd,.,, oi iir!*,i *..r..,,r,o,i J,,oi u., I o *_r,.,pii,r,'.iffi

:!,'l+i!:;!:Jf ::1,?f..,t,*,:::li:::tlgeon and anv worker wt'" urot " i" .-pr"yment contract shourdbe.repatriated to a homeland within 24 hours."Dr connie Murder, uiJri.r^"ip"tlr.rt Rerations, said his de-partment would continue ,o .rrrr.. itmained, '.olorr.Jpreference area.,

rat the western cape re-"conditions for legar urr.t *".r.ers in the area would be made

1il,:1,j*jjof lliol., u,, iu.g,i ;;;i

"., wour d be repa tri a ted.

#iI:;: ffi T ;:H::::T ffi :fl ::J l;l' t",xiiT*r; :*lIt is therefore shown quire clearly that the Broederbond,s pro_posals for rhe coloured p;.p,.;;;f;.; r.*oted by the NationalParty and that their pf* f.. ifr. J"r..O, which they outlined in

175

such detail in the secret documents is being put into {fttt' It is not

;;ffi;;; ;h. Hght of this informatio" that the Government's

new constitutional pla" fo' whites' coloureds and Indians bears the

unmistakeable ,,rrnp-- oi n'ota"rbond approval' The Sunday

Timesra was able to-itt"'l Broederbond involvement when it re-

ported:"Similarly, the Broederbond was involved deeply in the formu-

lation of the new three-Parliament constitutional system for

whites, coloureds "r,Jt"di""' which the Government plans to in-

troduce."Circular 7l77l78 dated September 1 1977 told msrn!s15; "The

Executive Council it;;;:J;o say that friends in responsible cir-

cles took part in o,"'Ut'i"to'-i"g (on the masterplan and its

effects on the ."ro"*J feople) "'Jth't there was a healthy ex-

change of ideas.""It goes on to say in resoonse to queries from members that it

was indeed " prrry'to the iiscussioni that preceded the formula-

tion of the rr.*.o,J'"ii""'f proposals "'d th't the Broederbond

view was pr.r.r,,"I tt ;tttp""tibie friends long before the plans

were announced'"'The fact that the Broederbond's proposals were.submitted to

and approved by ;;;;T' tion b'fo'i they came before Parlia-

ment once ,gri., poit'i'oto tht 't""gth of iis influence over pol-

icy-making decisions'

1. Rand DailY Mail, December 15 1944'

2. October 1 1972.

f . itr"arri in'y''lop*dio oJ southern aJrica' Yo13' p 331' I

4. Immediately after tht"ltttio"' the one ""tt"ful independent candidate

ioined the Fedcral PartY'

5.'Die Vadcrland, JulY l0 1970'

6. Rand DailY Mail' APnl 22 1977' i

7. The recommendatit;'ltti;'tpecifically with the Peninsula College for

Advanced Technical Education'8. Broederbond document , Comments in Connection with the Repott of the Erika

Theron Commission, P 3'

9. Ibid.10. Ibid. P 4.

11. rbid.12. Ibid. p 5.

13. August 23 1978.14. JanuarY 22 1978.

776

l-

)rl-

ot:S

1e

.y

le

r-rs

irI-

ds

11 ?;,' ;;ff*gi"r Brothers -

The most traumatic experience for Afrikanerdom in recent yearswas nor Sharpeville.roiso*.to, brt th. split in ,fr. Nrii.r"l partywhich led to the formati"" oi'rt.-H".rrigr. Nasion-aloilrry. Italso caused a sprit in the.Broea.J""l,i"t once again the organis-ation played a kev flre

in -rr"rrrffi unity in Afrikaner ranks -or-at least in restrictrng the split to a minimum.It could easily have gone the other *;il#e stage there wererumours that nearly 40 National pa.ty Members of parliamentl1ould

leave the pariy and, -"..;;;;.,r"rrr, ,hr, they would havesupport from the biggest and mosr influential parr of the Broeder_bond' How it happened is a story orpofiti.rt intrigue and in-fight-tng seldom equalled. in Sourh afrl.i, iirtory. It is a subiect thatcould filt a book, as indeed 1.a,a g,J ri'p s.irurr"i ir)"!iir*,,,

!::tl:r_,1"r the purposes of this .frrir.r, nor more than a synposis

,T: fiil:n rvith the emphasis on ti.,e .of"

"f ii. e.."a.ri"ra ,"There were three main

strength:characters involved in this test of

o Dr Johannes A^lbrrtus Munnik Hertzog, ultra_conservativeAfrikaner, son of the former pri;. Ati"irt""., C.rr"J ff.rrrog,o Dr Piet Meyer, -chairman "i ii."gr.ederbond and of theSABC's Board of Governo.r.

- -"-o Advocate Balthazar Johannes Vorster, South Africa,s seventhPrime Minister.

Dr Hertzog quarified as an advocate at oxford and returned tosouth Africa in 1929' During rrir .igii-y.ar study period overseas,mainly in Britain. Dr Hertz.Ig *;r;;; impressed by the rise ofthe working crass ..Jh.I h;;;;"i;;; ;il ;;;;;r J.jJI.',r,.,.workers' groups held. The ;;;k;rrlinterest, and iradualry the 1-i"r,rr.".'%l,|':1ffi

-"Xr,ffl H:

f#51:X *1,. cities courJ;;il'r;. the country,s poritics'Just before his return to South Africa a young academic, Dr

177

li&:.:?1!i:rti,.

.rilNf ,iil:ii

. .,tft],,,,.11t:i:::

Dr J A M Hettzog. Suspended by the Bond Jor his diuisiue right-wing actiuities'

178

Piet Meyer' arso came back from Eu-rope. It was destined that the,'*'l:.T f;en

er* e ti c'" a *' pi' J"aL u.., y.. i" g "# ;. e q uarr ywith a d ;.j;:[:_,,ffi:: j."j:,,ff .JS#

H] i:*[]Ifi;L:ilT:;oth e' f rrri,"..

-*.,i.; :, ":r, ffi ii, J,., t or th"

hands.,,r n, thus getting political p"**"r"r.'.]*oru".r..By organisins Afrikaner. workers, Dr Herzog created a strongpolitical po*.,"brr" for himr.rf-^Il. ...rred vast ffusrs worrhmillions which selvgd under fri, .""*f , ,, ttr. nrrrr.lriI".Hrg tocarry out his work. From trr. pi.i.. Nee^thring Bu,ding in pretoriahe controlled his growing

".r*..t of cultural ,ra ?rri. unionfront organisations with tie h;ip; rt, r"yri'h.rr.rrrr'r.hark JBorha, and Gert Beetge. f, ,fr. g".;erbond his power *r, gr..r,as the longest_ser,ri.rf .*..rrr*'_.lUer with 20 vears,ence. He swuns the Minewo.t .rrlUrrion behind,r*-*lffiParty in the 194"8 .r..ir""l*r]r?rg six marginal sears to give theNational party its sensadonal victorv.A reward had to fbil;;';;;'il'j., the parriamenrarv nomi-narion for Ermelo, gaining ;h;;r?, ,h; Nr*;;i,JrJrr. ,.,years later Dr verwoera p".o-oi.J-hl,,,-ro ,rr. c.'C_.r.'"..rro*moved swiftrv to exrend rrir i"n".r...+t. ,ppointed his spirituarbrother' Dr fuIev"r, as-chairman ;ffi Board of Governors of theS1PC Dr Herizog alro becam. ;;;;;

p oli ti cians, ..p..irity rrap - -l-.*;r'

:';'- o' *.. ro r., g A frikaner

were held u"ai. rri, guidance. ar-r" .""'r::::.j;:r.Hr"iLT:llril;Nationalism, he was in ," ial p"rijo, ,o irrflu..r.. th.- yourg,T?*j3ress on them the ,rf* "r*. o;.rr*.rrii, u"_

But Dr Hertzos'

Ha*::T;,il:i{,"'"#T:il:"Tli;-:fi 3;ff #,[tT:'*::r.,d;;;;; i:;;:",:r:e' which praved , -.jo.,or. in ,h. .'.,.,,,

^ Dr.Hertzog was lnstrumenral in the forde in rqzqilr*iiy rrt.. his rerurn , oot-t"o'

of the A.frikaner-tominuresof 1e65.:,1yt,";.;;;l'r,'h.-";::T:Lf*::H:*Ion almosr rhe same lines as ,rr."bro.i..u"""J *iir, ;;;, ,r_preme, and its aim was to take orr., .orrrol of the l*"ril CiryCouncil. In the early rqoOr- ;;;ll. 'developed

berween the'4'frileaner-orde' the nio.d..btn;";;J the Nationar partv. TheBroederbond objected ,rr* 1i"* Tlr';; ;;;,fbr.r".il;r*r.

179

,,duplicate" organisation in Pretoria, and that AJrikaner-orde

members were infiltrating its ranks without telling the Bond that

they were already members of the orde. Btt Dr Hertzog was not

ro be so easily ourmanoeuvred. He would not sacrifice his highly-organised powerbase. Instead he offered an acceptable compro-

-[., th. Afrikaner-Orde would be willing to operate under the

aegis of the Broederbond. Dr Meyer was chairman of the Bond,

,rr'd H.rtrog was on the Executive, so they could protect the Orde

from there.The justification for this step, which was accepted by the Bond,

is givei fully in the above-quoted addendum. "The Afrikaner-Orde

hai existed since 1929 in Pretoria and it concentrated mainly on the

municipal sphere. It is also largely due to the orde that the city

council, through the municipal ratepayers'association, fell into the

hands of the Afrikaner. The need for a confidential organisation

with an effective modus operandi arose early and it was developed

and used to great effect. It was, however, inevitable that two con-

fidential organisations operating without proper co-ordinationand co-oper'ation in the ir*. ,r." would encounter friction and

unrest. Dual membership sometimes created confusion and frus-

tration."At the Bondsraad of i955 ir was decided that Broeders could be-

long to the Orde, but the wish was expressed,that-other secret

Afr"ika.rer organisations be placed under control of the Board. In

1962 co-operation was discussed again in the light of the need for

secret action among Afrikaner workers.The docum..rt "id.d,

"During this time the people at the head

of the Afrikaner-Orde (ell Broeders) came to the Executive to offbr

everything they had ro rhe Afrikaner Broederbond for the fulfil-me.ri of this task (co-operation). The Executive had the alterna-

tives of destroying this society of more than 400 well-organised

men, or using ihelr sffength pioductively. The Executive decided

not to reject any available strength. It decided to take over the

Orde, usi it and control it. The management committee (dagbe-

*uur) of the Executive became the High council (HoE Raad) of the

AJriianer-Orde, it was stipulated that the chairman of the AO's

elecutive must be a member of the Broederbond Executive, the

funds of the orde were absorbed by the Broederbond, and an offi-cial of the orde was appointed to the Bond Executive. It was fur-ther decided to restrict the Orde to Pretoria."

At the head of every Heemraad (cell) was a leader who must be a

180

Broeder. Broeder p M Smith became chairman of the Orde,sExecutive' Broeder Gert Beetge became a Bond officiar andBroederJan Swart became thedrde,s chieflsecrar.y. a"iiLr rrrg.there were 420 active orde members. The g.o.d..iorJrrro,rgrr, i,had the orde now firmly under it. .orirol _ but it was mistaken. Itwas still run by the Hertzog.group, ro whom i, o*.Jnrriioyrtty.Separate meedngs we.e held-a, Oia, members f.r, ,fr"y .trld nottrust Broederbond officials. The study groups ,iitt' .J.,tir,r.aunder Dr Hertzog's guidance, and at one stage his rist of associateswas impressive: Dr Connie Mulder, Mr S p Botha, Dr pietKoornhof Mr Daan van der Merwe, Mp, Mr 1"rp frfrrJs, Mp,Mr Val Volker, Ml,-y. Ben pienaar, Mp, nA, fizrui. Marais, Mp,Yr.Cl Greyling, Mp, Mr Louis Stofberg, Mp, Mr frll* nrr_benheimer, Mp, Mr Wil!:n Delpoorr, Mp, M. Sarel Reinecke,MP, Mr Fanie Herman, Mp, Mr N C Sadie, Mp, M, M j'ir., a.r,Bergh, MP, Dr AJ Visser, Mp, and Mr Gaffie Mrr.., i1p.The study g.o,rpr,*"re developing along ar.rg..o;lir.r. ffr"yspent rheir time analy-sing policies ,ia i, trry".rr.. ."_. to trr.conclusion that the Natiinal party was devia;in;-fr;- irr. rq+apolicy and the Broederbond's strict basis of christian Nationar-ism. Criticism of Dr Verwoerd came to rhe fore, ,f,i"ugi fr. *r,so powerful that he was almost untouchable. But ,or?r. of th"Super-Afrikaners criticised him all the same. His increasing Eng-lish support was seen as holding a danger that Afrikanerdom courdbecome diluted, the immigrrrio" f"-f?.y could have the same eGfect, completely independent Ba.rt,rrtrr* courd lead ro communistinfiltration etc.

The voices were muted but they were heard. young Mps whowere approached to join-study groups told coileag".r iu"riirr.-.Stories kept surfacing of the u."rtroi group and the A.frikaner-ordecontinuing to push their suppo.,..Jiiro key positio;r. il; nameof Albert Hertzog kept cropping up.

One man alert to. what was f,rpp.rrirg was Mr John Vorster,Minister ofJustice. Some security p"ti.. officers had infilrrated theAfrikaner-orde and had come ur.t iitr, srories of plotting and dis-sent; now an instruction went out that a number of ,".,i.itv -.,must be introduced into the Broederbond *i;;;;;h;.;:;;_rryscrutiny by branches. The list was drawn up by General HJ vanden Relgfu, himself a top Broeder. The p.;;'.";;;;; {b. ,ni, .*_traordinary procedure was that th.r. *.r" not enough policemenin the Bond - every sector of public life had ,o U" ,".ti..p.*."r"a.

181

The widening split in Afrikanerdom's ranks became more ap-

parent when Mr Vorster took over as Prime Minister after DrVerwoerd's murder in September 1966. Dr Hertzog probab-ly re-

alised his last chance to bicome Prime Minister had slipped by *not that anybody but his own group gave him a serious chance in

the Premiership stakes. His only role now was that of the elder

statesman, proiecting everything dear to the Afrikaner, sticking to

the 1948 plti.y ,rJ i*pl.-enii.rg the Broederbond's Christian

national philosoPhY.whereas Dr verwoerd could contain differences because of his

personal status and by sticking fairly closely to the old party line'^I\4, Vorrt., faced a formidabli task. He had to follow in the foot-

steps of a man worshipped by Afrikaners - but, more important'

he faced an entirely ,r.." ,.t of circumstances' a new world in fact'

A hostile outsiie world forced him to look anew at South Afri-

ca's situation. What he saw was not pleasing' South Africa's in-

.r.rring isolation demanded a more pragmatic.approach than Dr

Verwolrd's "granite policies". Terroiism was increasing in Rho-

desia; in Mozi'mbiq,re ,.rd in Angola the Portuguese were losing

*r.""at South africa was u.,dei strong Pressure to relinquish

So,rth West Africa; in the sporting field the country stood alone'

faced by almost total boYcott.In all the policies he adopted he faced bitter opposition from the

Hertzog grorp, the AJrikiner-Orde, and an influential section of

the BrJeierbond. They opposed his ,,outward policy" of making

friends in Africa, his atiemits to break sports isolation by making

more concessions, his attempts to strengthen the white population

through immigration, and his advocacy of close unity between

Afrikaans- and English-speaking.Mr Vorster reahJed *hile he was still Minister ofJustice that the

battle between uerkramptes and uerligtes would be won or lost in the

powerful Broederbond. Vy'ho.l,.r won control of the organisation

would win control in the party. It is clear from the documents that

he liaised closely with the Bioederbond Executive soon after he

became Prime Minister, and that he called on them to fulfil their

historical role in Afrikanerdom by maintaining peace and unity'

The differences betwe en uetkramp znd verlig were so evident that

the chairman, Dr Meyer, sent out an extraordinary circular less

than a year after Mr vorster had become Prime Minister. It is clear

from tLe circular that Mr Vorster had secured a promise of sup-

port from Dr MeYer.

182

aP-Drre-

ry-einder

rtoian

hisDE,

ot-nt,t.i-i-n-)rGrgsh

e,

le)fggn

n

e

e

Ir

:

The circular, headed (Js and Our lstated: "The Chairman of tr" p*..,]1kt-iml leaders"(August 21967)

organisation,ssincererh;;k;;;r#;X!":'Jf ,*:f.::n:lH:Prime Minister. ,n., ,ir. ,..*1.1r,""

"f p;.i;;;;;;,

every_thing the Government hrd dore i, ifr. ,nr...rrr-"iifr. ."rr,ry ,raall its nations.,,D,r M.y;;;'.ifi.rtty.,t..rt.d Mr Vorster for theintroduction of a long_;rr";i;;;;.d., "i_, the Nationat Educa_

iHi lL ?J,i;:f lill, " t;;l?;i"i,,,, a ro. ni,,.ir.,l^i,,..",, i,

It may be reca'ed-that at this stage Dr Meyer had already madesome speeches (see^Chapter 8)."rp.Ziruy ." iilk*;;rrltrgrirr, .._lations' which rror'y rpp'or.h.d th. ,.rti-"nts of the dissidentHertzos sroup. Th. i{Nii,-r-;;.i "i^n,rr;r:;,r* "r,, orficialIanguage was nor so very airr.r.rrt"_ ,i" "r.*r..ii...r.o u,

,?ffiX-Eviden tl y, It i' t;;'' * *-,r,1 i",si. ;i'J; Meyer

L",iaur.ii"J;;'-fJ#U,,f ru:nijH,*,i_r;il,."f r*f *icoming' It can therefore"b. ,rt .'rr-,t r, D, M.y.. included the for_lowing paragraph. in the ,.;;i;;r;rt pr. Vorsrer,s urging. ..Inour discussions with

"", potitiiri'i.ri.rr, a few .rr., *?.. _"rr_tioned ro us where i, ,pp.'"..J;;;;_. branches of our culruralH*:;:;o"H:$." ,ri" p"riJ*i; uy g*i,sj,""r".a in therr,.r"..,,,;;";,,h.,.,'.ff i,,"i:il:1'::.:;,i,'I:ITi:::i*,tees of cultural bodies i"_hl.i oir.ri._U.rr r.;".;.;;riir r.,

",individual members

""f :!-:n;r;';; poriticat area."As many poinrs -"r aiff..."::;; recenrly emerged berweenAfrikaners in public Jic .iir.i".*ri"e wants to make an urgenrappeal ... that -.TL:^ *ryi" n.rn p"r*rrrl ,rr".t r...-finally,we want to re-state our confidence in irr. r.r+ffi

"iirr. prime

#ff ii';: H;**';'-;"s *Lii' o., o,,. -.* b".. to s upp o rtDr Meyer's apoear ara ritir.i. resrore unity. In pretoria, and es-pecially in the Airikaner_Orde, Drff.rirog,, supporrers were pre_paring for the in"evitable .f rrf,. a, ,fr. U.*,rrrrrng of 196g they tookover conrrol of the pretoria .our.il of th". Nrri.o*f pJr"rr,rd.r r._tive lobbying of a.r.gr,.r. il-ui .ornr.t of the parry over-ruled the erection on iechnicari,i.r,-i"i rhe message was crear roMr vorster: he had to watch t i, ur.[.-rre now produced evidencethat the Afrikaner-o,rde was r"i..r..-g in Nrtionar party poriticsand working to undermr;; il, p"rj,r""r,.

183

Dr Meyer tried to protect rhe Orde by disclosing that Dr Ver-

woerd, shortly before his death, had dismissed similar allegations

as "rubbish". But Mr Vorster was adamant - the AJrikaner'Orde

had to be disbanded. The compromise he reached with the Broe-

derbond provided that the Orie wortld disband, but the names of

-.-berr would be circulated as prospective members of the

Broederbond. Mr Vorster won the day under the terms of this ar-

rangement, because only a fraction of the Orde members were ad-

miitea as members, th; rest were blackballed by Broeders who

had long viewed the Afrikaner-Ode as a rival'In Fe6ruary 196g Mr vorster took the Ministry of Posts and

Telegraphs from Dr Hertzog, leaving him only the portfolio ofMinilstei of Health. The Hertiogites were now fighting a battle for

political survival, and bitterness increased'

The tension was reflected in the minutes of a meeting of the

founder-members of the Broederbond circulated on March 21

1968. It called on Broeders to remember their oath and do

everything in their power to heal the split that had. widened in

spite of ,p'p.rl, from the highest quarters' The founder-members

said it would be a sad day iF the following year's fiftieth anniver-

sary of the Bond was marred by disunity among Brothers (Broe-

dertwis). "It is painful for us, as founder-members - and strange to

,r, orjrrrir"tion like the Afrikaner Broederbond - that Broeders

criticiie Broeders sharply in public' The danger cannot be ex-

cluded that the dearly torght-,,t'ity among Afrikaners " '-coulddisintegrate. The AB playeJ an important part in this struggle' and

it is not necessary f". "r to poini out the disastrous results such

disunity could have on our nation and country ' ' ' The Afrikaner

Broederbond must once again fulfil its destiny as the cohesive or-

ganisation, restoring and guarding peace in Afrikaner ranks'"

The battle fo. p-o*.. iontinued unabated, however' and on

August g 1968 MiVorster dismissed Dr Hertzog from the Cabi-

net:The Bondsraad, meeting two months later, gave Mr Vorster

the opportunity of defending himself and his action in the very

heart^of the Bioederbond. a"a le met every point on which he

was criticised by the verkrampfes. He Put the unity of the party

above everything else, and *arned thaipeoplervho wanted to de-

stroy it risled Jestroyirg the white man and South Africa' He

poirrt.d to the need for Afrikaans-English unity, each protecting

iri, o*, culture. "I now want to say clearly to you as Broeders

what I said to the caucus, that as long as I am Prime Minister and

184

leader of the National party I will not_cheat those English-speakerswho supporr mv policy io i...0, South Africa ai fatherrand -and nobody -urt expem it of me.,,As long as Afrikaner identity *r, _rirtrined, the road of co_operation between the two ...rio.r, was the right one. He found itstrange that some said th.ey .ro lorg.. supported the NationalParty's policy because English_speak.'r, ,ra..,r., Utr.k, now sup_ported it. He disouted,,-..tiorri, tlr.

"rr.r,rrl report which statedthat the split star'red after he h;Jil; erected prime Minister. Infact, he said, it already,or,.a a.rf"g,t. 1966 electio n.,,In 1,966there were alreadv peopre, and Broedoe;;; ,n#l"n. tarkedabout a.new potiticatpar,i ;;;;* ilr-v..*o.rd was too far reft.,,He also came to th" d.f.n.. of n.o.d..s in business who hadbeen blamed for ,,selling or, ,o oppJ.i_.;;; il;;;i, Jprdrrol,My nb ou -G eneral Minirig tr".rr r.tilo'rr.

-i, or.. v." iri.

^1., troyedthem and made them suspect, what remains of your Afrikanerconcerns? To whom is the field then left?,,Mr Vorsrer then d:f.ii.{ th. ,poit. policy, saying Dr Ver_woerd's cabinet had decided , -i*'.d Sourh African team courdparticipate in the oly.mpic Games, .ra urorl, had been allowedto. tour South Africa in an All Black team in 192g.Referring to a statement in the annual report thrt ,.q.r.rtion,

arose" over his "outward policy" of making friends with Africanstates,.Mr Vorster said the National party,s f"1i.f Jra "o,'p.ofrlUl,this' The National party had. nrJ aipi"-atrc rerarions wirh India inthe 1920s and India had had ," ,-'b;;;rdor in South Africa until1961. "There are neople rro* *ho r* *o..i.d about where thechildren of brack aiplo-rr, ;tu ,*i-. Here too there shourdbe no misunderstrrdirrg. There i, "" ,".f, thing as a first class or asecond class diprom"t. Blr.k dipromats wilr come to South Africa.I want you to know ir, and if iou h;;. ,"y objection in principle

*.I y"l must put it to me because then I cannor be your leader.This is the road I am going to take.,,Mr Vorste." ,t..rrrg finJclearly made a strong impact on the800 influentiar delesates at the Boldsraad, and tipped the scares inhis favour. The str#gest indicatio, of thi, *r, ,hr, O.li., il.y..and Dr Andries Treurnichr did not foUoy Dr Hertzog, Mr JaapMarais' Mr Louis Stofberg ,"a rvr. w*t. Marais .when they were

f ii;|rlw of the pr.ty ,ri formed rhe Herstigt. Nrrio,rriJ errty

Mr Vorster also attended other Broederbond rallies, taking the

18s

same stand against the HNP and swinging more and more.Broed-

ers behind hlm. The shrewd Dr Meyer and Dr Treurnicht soon

,Jetected that Mr Vorster now had the majority of Broeders be-

hind him and that it would be foolish to follow Dr Hertzog into

the political wilderness.T.hemournfultoneofDrMeyer'slg6gaddressaschairman

gave the game away - he was comin-g out fully on Mr Vorster's

Iia. dtfroigh he stili clung to many of his old uerkrampte beliefs' In

1968 and tgOg tttVorsteiand Dr Meyer met on several occasions,

and Mr Vorster must have warned him of the dire consequences

should he try to swing the Broederbond behind Dr Hertzog' His

position ,. .irrir-rr, & th" SABC and the Broederbond gave him

, .,ro.rg powerbase which he would have lost if Mr Vorster had

rurned lgrirr, him. It is not strange, then, to find Dr Meyer saying

in his 1969 chairman's address: "Aft., Dr Verwoerd's tragic death

I campaigned personally and actively as a member of the Nationalparty^for"the electio., of Broeder John_Vorster as Prime Minister

,rd ,o linked all my other activitiis to his political leadership. Be-

tween Broeder Voiste, and myself there has since then been con-

tinuous, personal frankness and benevolent co-operation' even in

situations when the darkest picture was painted, outside by the ill-informed! Broeder John Vorster is a siraightforward man who

confronts people directly with everything he has heard about

them. H. prt, hi, case honestly and bluntly and carries on with his

work."Dr Meyer then spoke of the major role he played in trying to re-

store uniiy between the Vorster and Hertzog suPporters in the

Broederbond ,,behind the scenes," without revealing full details.

Dr Meyer's decision to back Mr Vorster proved.to bc the right

onewhentheHNPdidnotwinasingleSeatinthelg70generalelection. What must be remembered was that they had little time

to get off the ground. They had been ousted from the party -soriething the/wanted to avoid at all costs. They wanted to con-

duct the dght iror, within, because they realised the difficulties of

forming . n.* Party to oppose the powerful National Party ma-

chine. As soon as they *.i. o.,t, and forced to form the HNP' Mr

Vorster called a snap election and they only had a few months in

which to prepare f"i it. Once it was proved that the HNP did not

have as -i.f, support at grassroots as even Mr Vorster had feared,

the witch-hunt againsr ;hem in the Broederbond increased in

intensity.

186

t

:)

Scores of complain,ly.:. lodged against HNp leaders who at_tacked Broeders in the N,tiord fa.iv from pubric pratforms. Thiswas regarded as "unbrotherry" but Jomplaints from the HNp onsimilar lines were aplarently never taken seriously. In the circularofJune 21970 the Executi;.-;r;; a deta,ed description of howBroeders should. go,about fryilg-*_plaints fo,,Lrri.otherly,,behaviour. The circ,la. *rrr,.iitiriir"_u..rhip of the Bond wasearned on personal merit and couri,-therefore, not be terminatedon a group basis' (A few years rrt". ih. Executive viorated irs ownruling.)The Broederbond now started taking action against HNpIeaders' The first ro be suspe"l.J, i"'early 797r,weie Dr ArbertHertzog and Mr laap Marair- i;;;'r"d their followers tried toasft u1c.t by citing cases where the Executive viorated the consti-tution (Article tti-ll .,rppo.ti,,f ,lp".tfi. political party _ theNational.party. Their complaints"were ignored or deferred.On February 23 1977 fuf.;r,,-1oori., Lt. WT M;r, rr^, pfMalan, Mr G H Beetge ,.rd b. a o por, wrote to the Broeder_bond secrerary, Mr Ngude nothr, a lrt for an urgent inrerviewwith the Executive ro discuss ,fr. ff."r"";;; il;:?"'::"':

B o th a'"pri.J ""'raa

rch 4 r nz i ir*,,r,.T;J.l ffi'::'i,:'xli;lli;the request for a meeting, because rro-r.rio, had been ,rt .r, .grlrr,Dr Hertzog and Mr M-arais ,,b;;;; of their _._b;;ip of aspe_cifi c political party.,,On March 31 7971 MrJooste and his co_signatories senr a leng_thy reply to Mr Botha. i'sir,..-,ri.^ poti,i."t division the primeMinister has used several -..tirrgr- Ji 9f,. Br."d;r;;J-ro pro_mote his own Darty a1d tg ,gr.f p.fi,ical opponents who werealso membr* of the Bond' This ii ln .orflr.t with our consri-tution," they complained. .,No reply frm U."n received ro a mem_orandum on this subject which *r, hrrd.d to the chairman beforethe previou s Bondsraad. Circulars h;;; also been ;;.;;; p."_

::.:1lg ,,1p.:il. party. Here the f*..,rtirr" contravened the con_strtutlon (Article 6 and Reguration Articre gg). The s.lr.rrrirr n.-port submitted to the prJviou t ao"iriooa went even further. Irstated: 'The Executive went ow of ii, ,for the N, ti

"" ri plrt y. rhi s i s n o r ."i; ;'J":?;i

.ii,f ff i:iff ljtution but implies indirect ,9t1on, ,grinsr Broeders who do norbelong to the irlationar party.' rh. t"it., further queried rhe state-menr in the report that the Er..,rtlrr. i.ta _".rirrg, .iiirr".lmai_vidual Broeders and groups of Broeders to prevent a split.,, Mr

187

Jooste and the other HNP leaders knew nothing of suchdiscussions.

On May 11 l97l Mr Botha wrote back to say the Executive re-quired a memorandum on the issues Mr Jooste and his groupwanted to discuss, and he would then try to arrange a meeting. MrJooste replied that there was no need for a new memorandum -the chairman, Dr Meyer, had already received one and his letter ofMarch 31 listed the issues. But MrJooste repeated the things theywanted to discuss all the same. However, the delegation did nothave the meeting it had requested. Nearly ayear later, as MrJoostehad still not been granted a meeting, he sent copies of the corre-spondence to Broederbond members whose addresses he had. Hismembership was suspended. He wrote back on March 8 7972 tosay he was prepared to meet the Executive immediately, providedthe issues listed by his delegation were dealt with first. Thesewere:

(a) Certain leading Broeders took part in activities of USSALEP(United States South Africa Leadership Exchange Programme) -an organisation repudiated by the Bond.(b) An Executive member, Dr P E Rosseau, had a prominent postin the SA Foundation which had stated that South Africa shouldaccept liberalism.(c) No notice was taken of Piet Cillie (editor of Die Burger) andSchalk Pienaar (editor of Beeld)sowing division in Afrikaner ranks.(d) Protests against Dr A E Rupert and Dr A J van der Merweserving on the Abe Bailey Trust - nominated by the Cecil JohnRhodes Trust, the "essence of enmity against Afrikanerdom" -had come to nothing.(e) Advocate Pik Botha, a relatively new Broederbond member,pleaded openly for the acceptance of the humanistic-liberalisticCharter of Human Rights of the United Nations.

Mr Vorster's use of Broederbond platforms for promoting theNational Party in conflict with the constitution was outlinedagain. The Broederbond was blamed for drawing up the new "lib-eralistic" sports policy for Mr Vorster.

On May 9 1972 Mr Jooste was informed that he was expelledfrom the Broederbond - without an opportunity for him, orothers, to present a defence at an Executive meeting. He made itclear in a letter to the Secretary (July 3 1972) that he no longer felthimself bound by the oath of secrecy. He said he had not taken an

188

;lr

lt-Y

)t

e

s

)t3

g':h t" an organisation which harboured and protected ..riberar-istic elements', and promoted tt.i. ia.rt.

On the same day y, g..! Beetge resigned. ,.you will nodce,,,he wrore ro Mr Niaude n"tfrr,-;iilt I no longer address you asBroeder because you.stopp.ed a long time ago,h;*i"g;;; kind ofBrotherliness towards -..,, H.r..?"iled that Mr Botha wanted totake disciplinary steps against him for refusing to give Mr vorstera standing ovation at a Broederbond -..riig-#i;;^;. prime -Minister related how he had persuaded Mr Ian Smith to hord theHMS Tiger discussions with britrlrr-'

Mr Beetge listed much the same complaints as Mr Jooste hadand wrore: ',The Afrikrrr.. B.o.J".iord even leads tti. pr.ry i,takin_g the youth into a world or*rttirrJt;';ffi;:'rj.1t _i*_ing' I refer here to the Broede.u""i1o*mittee which worked outthe multiracial snorrs policy for Mr^ Vorster _ a sporrs policywhich is in conflict. wiih ,rr. ,firii "f the Broederbond as I hadknown ir for more tltan 20 y.r;.;,rill ,._.*b.. th.-Jr'y-i, yo*:ffi'j when I protested ,o vo, tt rt tt l ;o.J; ffiJJ itserr tolh"

c?y...1T enr pa rry, and you,.pr.J ;;; ;;'il;i*t*"i,0,,0_ported Mr Vorster's party because^he was implem.rrirg nr".a.r_bond policy.',

. Mf -B_..rge

recalled in his retrer that Mr vorster had disbandedthe A"frikaner-orde and the r..r.i,y f oiice had infirtrated the Free-masons' He said that although the'Bond differed fi"; irr. ur.._masons, they were_never regarded as a danger r" rfr. Srri.. ,,If itcan happen to the F...m"roir, th"r, I -rst accept it will also hap_pen to the Afrikaner Broederbond,,, h. *.ot..At the HNp congress on October 17 lgT2the chairman, MrJanJooste, showed rhri hi, rhreat thar he no ronger regarded himselfas bound by the oath of ...r..f *rr-rro, idle. He reveared theBroederbond,s interfer"r." i., priryfotri., and the names of cer_tain members, and created a sti. in ,fri o.gr.riration. The Executivewas quick off the marf. It decided (circurar of o.tob.. fi nlzlthat each branch musr immediately lJa q ,.g;-;;;rro.ai,rr.,meeting where members -rrr r._i.dicate themselves to the Bondand swear thev had no connection with tfr. Hrvp ii;.;;;;*.__bership or asstciation. If I have b..r, ,rro.iated (with tfie HNp)thus far then I undertake to break i;

"ff immediately.,, Two wir_nesses had to sign the "red oath" ,, ,h; HNp called it.Branches were instructed that a, members should attend themeeting and reasons for absence ,houtd b. .uppfi.a l, *riiirg ,"

189

the Executive. Members who could not be present must be visited

by two committee members before November 3 to get the pledge

siined. The circular had to be fetched and delivered by hand to a

reiresentative of the Executive and normal postal channels were

not to be trusted.Outside (buite) and resting (rustende) members had to be ap-

proached separately and should not be invited to the meeting. No

-.-b.. *.i to be allowed to attend any further meetings before

he had signed the pledge. The extraordinary meeting- should be

conducteJ in a solemn atmosphere and opened with scripture

reading and prayer. The induction pledge had to be read again and

a two-minute silence given fcr members to consider their position

before signing the Pledge.The exercise was , hrg. triumph for the Broederbond' On

April4 1973 the ExecutivJ."port.J to the branches that 8 859 ofti q OZI had signed the new pt"ag. that they would have nothing

to do with the HNP. Six signed "under protest", 19 refused to

sign, 11 resigned for "other-reasons", 10 were expelled by the

Elecutive ,rd 33 signed but questioned the Executive's action'

The battle for th"e Broedertond's support was over' and had

been won by Mr Vorster. The HNP had lost a strong powerbase

and, as subsequent elections proved, posed no immediate threet to

his regime. Mr Vorster's view that the Broederbond held the key

to thJattle was proved correct. Without the support of the Broe-

derbond no Nationalist can even become Prime Minister, let alone

rule the country effectivelY.

1. Naude, Louis, Dr Albert Hertzog en die Mynwerkers, p 70'

190

'tedtgeoaere

rFtIoIre

be

rerd,n

fi,fg

o

e

12 The Broederbond and Apartheid

Advocates of anartheid,.or separate devel-opment as rhey prefer tocall it rodav' rt'im that the ..Ji "i,rr. poricy can be ,.r.'"a back tothe Ianding ,r th.^crp. ;;A:; [ro. by Jan ,,an Ri.beeck in1652' one of the n.rt'tr,irrgr-;;ii.b...k

did was prant a fence;T1T:TS.ff,.;,.,,,,, n"i-r",i.,. .,.,,.,,o.rs. As th. Bo..s pushedmain concern.

)erween rhemselves and black;rhril.;me theirDuring rn. ,119, large organised qro^uqs of whites left thecolony' mostrv because r[.y *?.. Jirrr,irn.i *r* ,rr. ...aric por-icy which rhe British ,a_,ir,r,ir,,Jr'a,,o_.d

roward th. xt,o*from 1806.r Life and p"rr.rli"", ;il* trr. uo.j..ri"l....rar,g_

ii,$'+a JTi:rl;: r*_*ffii:r,,,pi.,,;on, *.." .", r,r_publics in rhe hinterland. ro establish independent re-

In Natal' Andries pretorius and pier Retief made conra* with

i".,,i' :1,'t if-:*;:r i: *,ii :, rr., a.ir p",*-, ",.., *,,.Tswana tribes and2rrr, *rr".nr, i..lll.rhe,Barorong, a few

K wena in the norrh_easte.; ;;;"s# t.#_,T,::,j:ff,, ji.:l:wards ro estabrish potchcfrt.o"i'o.J#..n

the vet and vaar rivers.There the Trekke* -..! ,rr. Na.u.r. and a Gw Tswana tribes.V/hen potgierer -o.y"g in tBaS,."Oi.i*rrad.and fydenburg, he

:{: &,';,T.^i#';,i;:..,, f l}';:u,,,,,r, " s.,,p,,tt..g

i nu'f '1d the Ndebele in thc coirrrnl ^-^^'u 'n south-eastern Trins-

By the middle "f rhe D;h ;;#"iil*., had been in contact

fitl i'l!!.Tt n:r,; ;';;,:Xi i, ... a.., J* i o'. o.i., ..-tral issue or s"ulr'african polirics. rn.o.::*::. _the,burning cen-main separate from bracks ;;;;;; #'lYl:: man's.urse to re-Pa rry or th e B roed e,u,on a. r, *, ;';;, ;

j H::jl"Jr:i,T:r)ij,T,,lfi ff ';:"J_;'fli#l jffi .f _:l;,;.1;r:;,,.fl ,;"Iff :,,,,,..

I:

)

191

Even General Jan Smuts recognised and supported this historicurge for separation, in a speech he made in the Savoy Hotel inLondon in 7917. "'tr/ith us there are certain axioms now in regard

to the relations of black and white; and the principal one is inter-mixture of blood between the two colours. It has now become an

accepted axiom in our dealings with the natives that it is

dishonourable to mix white and black blood."More than 20 years ago an experiment in native self-govern-

ment was begun by Cecil Rhodes in the old Cape Colony, whichgave local institutions to the natives in the Glen Grey Reserve'

ihat principle has been extended over a large part of the old

Transkeian territories, and so successful has it been that when we

came to framing the Act of Union an appendix was added about

the future administration of the protectorates when they should

become incorporated into the Union. This appendix laid downthat the native territories in South Africa should be governed apart

from the parliamentary institutions of the union, and on differentlines which would achieve the principle of native selGgovernment.

More and more the trend has hardened in the same direction'"'We have felt more and more that if we are to solve our native

question it is useless to try to govern black and white in the same

system, to subject them to the same institutions of governmentand legislation. They are difftrent not only in colour but in minds

and in political capacity, and their political institutions should be

different, while ,i*ryt proceeding on the basis of self-govern-

ment.,,Instead of mixing up black and white in the old haphazard

way, which instead of lifting up the black degraded the white, we

are now trying to lay down a policy of keeping them apart as

much as possible in our institutions. Thus in South Africa you willhave in the long run large areas cultivated by blacks and governed

by blacks, where they will look after themselves in all their formsof living and development, while in the rest of the country you

will have your white communities which will govern themselves

separately according to the accepted European principles' The

,rrli,r", will, of course, be free to go and to work in the whiteareas, but as far as possible the administration of white and black

areas will be separaied, and such that each will be satisfied and de-

veloped according to its own proper lives'"2The Broederbond devoted its first decade almost wholly to

overcoming organisational problems and putting the final stamp

192

on the secret nature of the movement. It arso gave attention to cur-tural affairs aimed at the pr;;;i;; of Afrikaans. once the FAKwas formed ro become its public cuft,r."f .Uoay,"irlr..La givingartenrion to raciar ma*ers. tt traa-noticed th.';;ffi;; amongAfrikaner workers during tn.- ign-mirrg *tk;;;;?eir jobswere rhreatened by the iitrodu.Jon'or.r,eap brack rabour. SIumconditions developed l" 1"h""r"*.* for impoverished Afrikan_ers and blacks in search "r*".t.-ii. g.o.d.rbond saw the socialand politicar conditions ", "

,t..rt ;;;. conrinued exisrence of theITIT, narion, and was ,.;;;;;;;, *,y,;;; J.,,,.,o o,,.,_

w A de Krerks describes the search for a new typicar Afrikanerphilosophy and outlook. ,,ffr... *r., qui.t"r, more effective andearnesr core of peopre meeting within th. inr"r-orii'i)nruring orthe Broederbond, ihirrking, ,iffirg,'irro the small hours of themorning."This marked rliti."rtho,,gil;f :::T#.#'i?f, ilX#ff 1,,f *fJ:iffi,,;tt;fatally being theologir.a. ih";;;;'

S ou th A fri cln *o aa",.i gr,,: ;; ffi i,T,I'J:. [f ,l.,XffJ *;redeem it in termsof ",""rrty-a.o"J Afrikaner rewens- en ware*-beskouing- a world-view.,,

/ -:-r-a!s

The first Broederbond-formurated policy on brack/white re-lations was sent out in a secret i.."f", to members as early as7933' "rn some ways- this can u. ,.., as the Afrikaner Broeder-bond's declaration of faith r" ii,t"."Lard," said professor A Nl:i'i

in his historical review ;,;;;l:d. , irbit*;;;;;;;,)i ^r,r_The 1933 circurar read:."without giving an exposition of differ-ent points of view regarding th" ,rri,u.-question, we want to stateour own point of view briefly, and thereafter the basis on which it

Tlr.rr;^I"rr, segregation ,hould ,*'t'.'"rf, the ideal, but the im_medrate practical ooricy of the State. The purchase and separationof suitable and adequate areas for habiration by narives, iamiries,

:I#t:::Jiving on ra'*' -i;;;x..';",.rves, should take prace

"The opportunitv should be provided for differenr tribes togather in separare areas. Then it ,trouiJ'ue made compursory forthese groups of nadves to return to these areas. Here they can be_come cooperative or. separate randowners.-il; ,'l* i;*,'n"ll, o"purchased by the natives no- ri"lr"r. ri."rgr, a form of raxation

193

such as hut tax, or occupied in freehold from the State' In these

,r.rr, g..rter degrees of self-government can be granted after

some time. This should be in lir. ,, much as possible with the

natives' history and traditional form of government' Areasshould

be under control "f tp".i'ffy trained white commissioners directly

answerable to the Minister of Native Affairs'

"Here the native .r" f"fnf himself and develop in the political'

economic, cultural, religious, educational and other spheres' In

these areas whites .r""3t become landowners' and whites who

settle there ,, trrd".r, -issionaries, teachers etc' will have no pol-

itical rights there."A native who has reached a stipulated age will be allowed'

with the permission of his tribal chief and the commissioner' to go

,.-p..r.lfy to white areas to work on farms and in towns and

cities. But h. will not be allowed to take his family'

"The detribalised native must as far as posible be-encouraged to

move to these ,rJt. "tt's' Those who cat'not do so must be

housed in separate- to.rtior. where they will enjoy no.political

rights and own no Property because they must be viewed as tem-

porary occupants .'lt"'fi"t in the white area of their own choice

and for gair. Unemplofed natives should be forced to leave these

locations and move to the native areas after having been allowed a

reasonable time to obtain work'"Although this was only a brief poliry statement'

,t. .rtairirl principles on which the Government'it contained alls policy is still

based 45 years later. r r^Professor Pelzer added in his review: "In order to make a lasting

and meaningful contribution to the solution of South Africa's

.r.1"i p."UlJms, the Executive came to the conclusion as early as

1940 that an expert UlaV n'a to be formed to consider the racial

;;"t,i;; on behalf of Aftika"erdom' The Executive therefore in-

StructeditsRacialQuestionCommitteetoconsidertheestablish-*..rt of such a Uoay ,"a to advise the Executive about the possi-

bility of holding ^ Voti,t<*g1"-9' these matters' A few months

later Broederbond chairmari held a meeting with representatives

of the Afrikanerbond vir Rassestudie' As a reiult the Executive de-

cided to direct the FAK to appoint a Commission for Race Re-

lations consisting mainly of *t-btts of the Executive's own

committee ,rd o1 rhe Afrikanerbond vir Rassestudie'

"This commission *i, to organise the Volkskorgres' linking up

with a normal FAK congress, during which a Permanent lnstltute

194

for race relations.(not to be confused-with the SA Institute of RaceRelations) wourd'be .".urti"altlro*irrg the establishment ofthe commission,^ the r"..ri-# I.r, ]r.r..a responsi b,i ty for ra ciarmatters to the FAK, disbanded its own Raciar Quertion commit_tee, and kept complet" ,ll.r.. o;;i, matter for seven years.At the 1947 Bondsraoa **ri'i;_. ,ra ,r,."ii", ,i,.rrgi*,"n ,oracial questions' Beca"r. ,t.- *rrr'r*ss of the question was seencJearly' and onry a glimmer .r. ,.iru.r, ir was rearised that thetrme was ripe forpositi'o. action o"lr.irr questions. The Bondsraadtherefore asked the E"".rri"J'a".o.r.ia.. the estabrishment of astudy and acdon b"dy fo. .r.r.i _"r,r.^. The preparatory workrequired much ronsurtatio" ;;;; rhe Executive was aware ofsimilar moves on the p".,;-f ,h" s;;odal Mission commission ofthe Nederduit* crrrfoi*rrril irirr"'rn. ,..rrraal and some lec_turers at the University of Sr.ll.rr[osch...The a"..*f*ianagedto coordinate thi_!]ffer., .r,i"_!lr, eliminating dissipation offorces and overlapprng. The bodv wasth e S o u th A rii;; b, ;, ; ;;,;;i, ii'# :f ;i ;^Trffi ff :i,rff;one hand formulate policy, ."J ."',rr. other give attention to"pracdcal aspects .rrrr. ni"rr;#J"" such as social questions,communism and commerce. Since its rnception SABRA has beenfinanced heavirv by the Execrii". #rrr. Afrikaner Broederbond."Closely hnled ,:^ih. *irf, . ,rua y racialaffairs within theborders of South Africa r;;#.;il, was the rearisation thatAfrica musr be the subject;;;;;;ffi,i,s study u..rrr. oiihe bigchanges which had tak-en pfr..,i".",ie end of the Second tr/orldwar' The need to estabrish ; &;'institure was mentioned tothe Executive as earty ., ,;; ;;;;';; Broeder Schumann. Twoyears Iater Broeder ri:rrzoq iali..rii.rurned to the subject andemphasised rhe necess.iry oigi.,;rrf

-ir.g"n, arrention ro evenrs incentral Africa oartrcurairy. ,i';;?filive gave further a*entionto the ma*er o, both "..ir'."r, ;;r, ;r, not until 1960 that theSouth African a*d.-y io;il;;';,ro

^.,, formed the AfricaInsritute' Arthoush rrr" irritr#i-"i*u.nd thus had no directhand in th..u.rt",rrl establishment of the

.

rarory work whi ch inspired ;h ; ;; ;;;;;l:?,,lh,: tjo,l: t.*,-o "l l, fiiiJ,r,.h"J,;

u,i.r . " i., # ;fi :. j ;

".;. ; iil,u.". r.,_or th e o ;1.;' ;'#ff."fu;iiliJ,fitn:*1,::ru;[::without the organisarion's trri"t]tr"r., and the fact that it hadmembers in leading positions ,; l_pl;;.nt the policy, apartheid

195

would not have got off the ground. As W A de Klerkadescribes it:"Meanwhile, in the Koffiehuis in Cape Town, D F Malan and his

group of eager, efficient young Nationalist intellectuals - mainlylawyers, journalists from Die Burger and professional politicians -sat around their coffee tables. They often listened to the measuredtones of Doktor, but mostly to each other: discussing not only the

form and content of the new nationalism, but aiso as a necessary

corollary, the coming Republic. They regarded the increasinglyurgent question of race relations as being of paramount import-ance, as it formed part of their deepening concept of the Afrikanernation. They wondered how the other groups, white, brown and

black, would fit into the new all-encompassing design. At the

Afrikaans universities, similar groups of dedicated academics werelabouring in their studies, adding deeper dimensions to the discus-sions of the men in the marketplaces of politics and journalism.Among the students, the new nationalism was being nurtured by a

consecrated bond of the nation-conscious Afrikaanse Nasionale

Studentebond."Dr N Diederichs, Dr PJ Meyer and Dr G Cronje, all leading

Broederbonders, moved from campus to campus addressing andinspiring the students. Diederichs, then a professor of politicalphilosophy at Grey (Jniversity College, had just published hisstudy of nationalism as a world-view in 1936.

"It was, in many respects, to form the cornerstone of the greattheorising which was to arise from the fundamentals of the nation.At the secret heart of all this activity was the deep inner circle ofthe Broederbond. Nothing so stirringly spoken by Diederichs,Meyer and Cronje could find public utterance before it had been

the subject of intense pondering and discussion by this "Band ofBrothers" so completely devoted to the cause of alienatedAfrikanerdom. Its members were the true spiritual progenitors ofthe new idea which had already been born in 1935, somewhat pre-maturely perhaps but nevertheless lustily enough to provide thepromise of vigorous future growth.

"Diederichs's treatise on nationalism as a world-view, as the

basis of what would soon become the concept of "apartheid" or"separate development", was the first sustained statement of the-ologised politics to come from an Afrikaner."s

Dr G Cronje published 'n Tuiste uir die Nageslag (A Home forPosterity) in 1945. "It was closely aligned to what Diederichs,Meyer and some others had written," De Klerk says, "but it was

196

more than that. In its own way it was a remarkablepiece of pre_liminary draughtsmanship for the coming ryrr._..Ersenrially,everything whichv,as ,o b. prr, oilr, ,,u.rdtaiig:;.irnl redemp_

,X';'*'J r"ilaqa rth ei d " .. :';;;; ;i d.,.r op -&,' ;;; ."n tai n ed

cronje's thesis was that it was the w,r of God that the Afrikanershould promore a policy of .r.i;i^;;d. cu-ltural variery. ,.The Boerpeople have thems.tr., go* ii.""*r, ,h;;;;;ib; ir i,irp.rirtirtand capitalist dominad:" *;."piJlu.r,,, h. *.o,.. ;itr.y ,tittshow the wounds and bruises .irir, Their nationar Iife and cur-

fi:; :.:$"tlt:10'"d' As a ""i"" 'r'"v.,r1.,, p..i,r,ii u..,.,,.means to see

"il,-:"!t:,!,i.T,rr."",rh.in* I::* ;H: l:means to promote through their'own efforts a nadonal revivar andrestorarion . . . Tl" Boei national can therefo;; frll;,ri_,a..rrrrathe suffering of the nr",u.-ii rr-,n11'rr-. imperiarism rra..pi-talism' having them believ. tr,ri ,nJ ro..ig, is berter than what isrhelr own, which seeks to a"rrroy-if,"ir tribal life.,,6cronje suggested .o-pr.i. r.;j.;;i;" of the races which wourdenable the Afrikan.. ,"iion ,o'r._"i., racially pure. The sameracial poticy wourd ,rnl_x ; ,ii;;;;.i ,.pr."," homeland had tobe given to the -r"*.ipJ-";,;;af; I colou..d councit to lookafter their interests- corri.oi rrrJ ," -be

vesreJt" *rrrr. hands,ffS#Tili;il be the""a ffi;;nit., in ani., i,,i,, *,r,ture.Herdro.r,.!-',1,',X:l,,I,.,"ijiiffi',,,:ffi ;*1lT*:.:#died in legislation y,r_.,r.*'{;i;..rp areas) and dissotutionof the mixed ffade unions' He fores"i th. need for a populationregisrer ro distinguish U.r*.*' ,fr."whites ,rrd .olou.Edr. races' especially between

"cronje's conceDt was that of total separation, arso territori-ally," says De Krerk.,';nrri.Triy"i,, i"r, "i.- *r, . .".-rrtrur,correct forecast of what *", ,l il" ,i._pred. The order whichwas ulrimately to ,lr: o, ,il .;;";ro po*., of the Afrikanerswas not prepared to accept the dem"and'ro. .o-pt.r"-r.u,".irrseparadon' But armost every other deta, of cronje's vision wouldbecome a part of the socio-politicarli"ri of apartheid. Even his al-i'.*;:se

or th e *o'd " i"p"' i' a.#r"p ;;;'; ;;;;;', "r,r.,"The book formed th.e subject of intense discussions within theBroederbond. In the ."ltr, C'r-o"f;i;;;r, figures and argumenrs

197

were thoroughly dissected, critically weighed and basically ac-

i.p*a. Wfrrir,.ik., the objective viewer after more than a gener-

ation is the assump,it" ""d unquestionable belief in the writings

and speecher .f M.;;;, -to".jt and the other members of the new

intellectual elite, that' ' "tti' order would arise in which the

Afrikaners would be able to implement the whole new concept of

a reconstructed South Africa' O" ' p" with this is their faith that

this order would IJ f;;;; iong that the future could' in terms of

,t "

.r.* vision, be finally secured'"7

The AJrikan*b";";i;'h'o'-"'tudi' ' under the leadership of Broe-

derbonders, studied the concept of apartheid from 1935' By 1'943

Dr D F Malan frra 't"i"a'o "t the word in speeches' and in Sep-

tember 1944 a Volkskongres in Bloemfontein' organis-ed by the

Broederbona, ,.t"iitj"ir" ptrity By 1945 Malin's Herenigde

Nasionale Party embraccd it as official policy'

Cronje publisheJa '"to"d bookReguirdipe Ras Apartheid (AJust

Racial Separation)-" tgql' This timi he i"as supported by two

prominent nro.attiotders' Professor E P Groenewald and Dr W'Nli.ol, in their own contributions to the book'

"This was the tt;i;;i" i94z' *ith the nationalist Afrikaners

meeting in the Br"J;;;;"J "d elsewhere' talking into the small

hours and cogitating on the new vlslon of a poliry which would

finally put an .,,d tJ the incohate state of the country' A massive

black proletrri,t *''t Utilamg up in.the shettos of the cities' pos-

ing a threat to ths;;;'i o? tt" white i"t "'d especially to the

Afrikaner nation, " f'ttty conceived and described'8

"The growrtt .i " i't'tllectual elite out of the new Burgerstand

was the ,rr" po*til;i;; the revolutionary idea of.the forties'

The broad basi, wa' ' g"" variety of "sepaiatist" cultural socie-

ties and orgrrir,,io", ilt '"d"' the.aesis oithe Broederbond: but

with relativ"ty f"lJlt"tt'" t'o* and ostensibly linked by a strictly

culturally ct'ncerrred co-ordinating organisatio''"1 --,^^,^,

This was -r,,ift*"d in the NatLnal"Party's commission to for-

mulate th. poti.yl"iore the May 1948 election' The chairman was

a Broeder, V-r paul Sauer, and his commission supported the con-

cept of apartheif enti"l"tit'tty because it was' according to

rhem, based "" ,t. Ctttirtir., pri.r.iple of right and justice' The

races would b. ;;;";"J 'otl'tty and politiiallv' influx control

and labour .o,'t'ol^would be instiiuted' ilantu trade unions would

,roi b. allowed, i' tt'" House of Assembly '1d -Cape Provincial

Council "native ttprestntation" would be abolished'

198

c-r-Is11

le

)fIt)f

"The report:o'-r-d be seen as a statement of the new theologisednarionalism with alr r* .".oitr.i., ,"a its conclusive crystarisationafter its growth ofa decade;;;. The studenr, *rro- Diede-richs, Mever and cr"".;.iJ ,ii..rr.a so stirringly in the latethirties' t"a uu.rhis a#e ;;ffi:hticar maturitf and were ar-ready impatiently rrr-*.rirg;;r"h. portals of politics. Amongthem was BJ vorster, who rr"ra u..r, active in the ossewabrand-wag during ,h. yr:, and had U.." i"r._ed by Smut, f", frf, pains.As a student at Steltnb";;;;';i.rang ng".. r" ,t-ra.rt poti_io? j:#

%i':::: :9,,"'""'r "'i f io''r"'; ;'a;, il i1.0..,.n,,Thus the Broeierbond had set the scene for the spectacular vic-tory of its politicar a-rm, rhe rr.J""i pa-rry, i, rq+d irr" conceprof apartheid gripped th. i-rgrrrrii*

"r the white erectorate andensured victorv They saw r[,r", ,"ri.y *ii.i'iilil prorectthem again" 'r" ut,-.-tJ -;;;J:t !J".".,r." their survivar. with-our the painstaking effor* of the-Bro_ederbonJ ;;; ;;r'reading

,T'# 3,H, :: ev ol vin g tr" p

"r i' v' tr" ;ild ;;;;;,'i J i,',

" " 0..,

Since 1g4g the impremenration of the apartheid or separare de-velopment policv r,ri u.." n.;l;;ril. hands ofg.oede;;onders.All the successive f*a-irr".r-ofii*r, ^fairs,

Dr E G Jansen, DrH F Verwoerd, Mr na.C a. W"rlX"'fh. M C Botha, aid now Drconnie Murder' as JVlinister .i;h;;r Relations, were Broeder-bonders. Dr W Eiselen, "fro

,l-riii.rr,. n.o"d.., *", , d.lrrirrgff;U*emenring r'h.;;ri.'r ; irr'.".ry srases as Secrerary ror

. Th: pivotal figure giving conrenr to and implementing the pol_rcy of separare developmen-r was O, fl f Verwoerd, for#". editorof Die Transualer. rnd ,r, .*r.._fty'rctive member of the Broe_derbond on whose f"..r,iu. fr" ,Jrr.a. He was deGated in thc1948 generar election in Arberton uri ..rr...a parriament as a Sen-ator' In his first maior speech in the s.rrr. he said: ,,I want to state

3:mml:,':,*,f; tt ., tu t, J.-Ji*,i, .ia. oi,r,.'rio,,, ",,r,,,master here. In ,n.

,rr. man's country and that fr. _,rrr..*rin thetobethema#,'*T,",:;:,-fi:lJ;fl :::.tJ:,,*?il,;Tl;*:pean areas' we' the white peopre r" s""ir, Africa, are and shail re-main the masrers. we are;..p'r;;J;."]..".a ro non_Europeans rheright to their own opportunities and developme.rr, #h"." *.bring it about not by means of the sword, but through the benev-

f-

3

e

e

t

I

I

t)r

dr

t99

olent hand of the Europeans who are in the country' Then-we do

not arouse the suspicio, of the world outside " ' that there is

oppr.rrio., but shoi them there is a policy which seeks right and

justice toward all."11verwoerd became Minister of Native Affairs in 1950 and gath-

eredroundhimofficialslikeEiselen,firedwithBroederbondidealism to save Afrikanerdom from being swamped by blacks in

its own country. Even after he became Prime Minister in 1958'

verwoerd still kept African a.ffairs under his control by appointing

a faithful follower and Broeder, Daan de Wet Nel' as Minister' All

the major moves on black policy were made under his regime as

Minister or Prime Minister. He kept in constant contact with the

Broederbondbyattendingtheirmeetingsandconferringcontinu-ously with the Executive.

The Group Areas Act (1950), forcing people of different colours

to live in separate areas, the Resettlement of Natives Act (1954)'

"-fo*.ri.rj th" Government to remove 100 000 blacks from

,qrrrr.r.r*p, in westernJohannesburg to Meadowlands' the Im-

morality Amendment aci ItOSO), prohibiting sexual intercourse

between black and white, the Popuiation Registration Act (1950)'

enabling the Government to driw up race rcgisters' the Reser-

vation Jf Separate Amenities Act (1953), keeping the races apart in

public plr."r, the Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Docu-

-.rr, Act (1952), designed to control the movements of blacks in

the country, the Bantlu Education Act (1953)' the. Extension of

University Education Act (1959), to enforce university separation'

the Bantu Authorities Act (1951) to establish seltgovernment

structures in the homelands, the Promotion of Bantu Self-Govern-

ment Act (1959) and the Urban councils Act (1961) followed each

other in raPid succession.

South African society was being restructured by Verwoerd with

a zeal, faith and enthusiasm never seen before'

"Never in history have so few legislated so programmatically'

thoroughly and religiously, in such a short time' for so many di-

vergent groups, .,flrr.., and traditions, than the nationalist

Afrikaners of the second half of the 20th century' Never has such a

smallminorityofallthoseaffecteddonesomuchwithsuchahighpurpose, vocation and idealism' Never have so few drawn such

.t r.pty critical attention from a wondering world'-12.

Race relations is discussed at almost every Broederbond meet-

ing in branches, regional conferences and annual meetings' Ex-

200

ecudon of the poricy of separate deverop.ment is seen as a prerequi-site for the survivai of Afrikan;;;, the mosr important task asfar as the Broederbona ir .."..r"J. Th. o.*rrisation,s chairmendevoted mu ch time ro the- r ru.,..i ii'th.i. "d;;;;;;;; ;;gres ses,and there are scores or..r....r'..lto utr.tz*hite relations in theirsecret documents.

At the 796g Bondsraad meeting, rhe chairman, Dr piet Meyer,once again srressed. that the pori".y .r r"fr.rr.'I#;;.nr wasthe Broederbond's brainchiidi *"-, "

"Around 1933. our brotherhood commenced a task which raterbecame one of the main tasks of the rrl.t.rr.rt p"fiu.rf ii.rl, ,r_"ry*;,::'::-,'*'l?i: h'd,h ; ..r",i."'r,,p u.,'*"., *r,i,"

", a "",-group.

tntenance advantage of every separate nadonal"In 1935 the Bondsraad accepted a policy sratement in which ourpolicy of separate deveropme;, ;; I., o* on principred and logi-cal grounds. The impl.-..,ir,i""

"irf,e poliry ,rJ;;;rly setout in broad ,*-:.1:, ".arir"J ,J planned in advance with as_tounding vision of future a"u.lop_.rr.r, ,p ,o the establishment ofdifferent self-governing Bantu i.-.rrra governmenrs. It alsoserved as guidance for-Broede* l;;. Nat]onal rr.ty-io popu-Iarise it as pubric noricy. rr,.r i-rr. aiitrr.. Broederbond formedSABRA to investigate this p"U.y-r.i.rUncrlty and to propagate it.The role thar our i.ortr..t,5oJJrrr.i',, implementing our policyof separate development and at the sarness wirh the fo.rir.. p.ot..to.rt", #'":iiT ffi:J:frlf"i;never be overestimated. And *i,f, ,fri, *e have persevered to thepresent day wh,e rh^e same trrt ,tiii ,trerches into the far future."In our efforts to find, -".rfif'J.f.n.lbl. Christian way of co_existcnce berween white r.a r."l*f,i*

b o r d er s, th. n ro. d ".u

o,, a ., -. l; ;, ;;;r':":H.:Tlliffil"Jr[:gest and mosr dangerous prcsent_day forces of the dark bedevil_ling retatiorr, ,r#..Iy ;";;;;,# ind riberalism. These areforces which enrer rhnsp,." "irir. p.*r. rra.r;;;; u.,rr.pp.aby solely politicar and m,irary a.i".'. methods - forces whichmust be fought on retigiour, .ftr;;;i';i,i potitical grounds. It wastherefore the Afrikaani churche, ,;l ;. Afrikaner Broederbondwhich worked for the a"rr..

"f ,frJ,.rrrrf, embassy in preroria,started the battle aqainst .o-_rrlr_" rhrougt the formation ofwell-dispos"d o.sriirrtions in ;h; ;;;;. ,Ti:l field, especia,y inthe clothing and"mining ira"r,r*,, ,.i which alerted rhe nadon

201

and rhe country to the danger through the church --t-:lFt"tt ""

.orrr-rrrir- and later the Volkskongtes on communlsm'"-i;

;h" same speech, in the proph.iic Brotherhood the next 50 years:

1968-2018, D, Vf"yL' 'aid'' "Ot'r Brotherhood in action in the

coming years demands the further consistent implementation of

which and Bantu ,Jtio"' on the basis of our policy of separate

development - the self-development of every national group in

their own areas' On the same bhristian--oral basis we will have

;;;";more.clarit;;il::***:1.'*i.*:*l*':;i,il1:coloured and Indian communltles ln ol

their own horn.t."J' ' ' ' tht" are no impersonal' legalistic short

..r-* ,o healthy human relations' To carrv this message to every-

body in o.,. .or,"'i^i'';;;;;;'lty of Biotherhood in the future

which we cannot and may not sidestep'"

At the rr-. r.."t -ttti'g the former Prime Minister' Mr Vor-

ster, said: "The basis of the foficy.of seParate development ls not a

denial of a person't"t'gt" '" bt ' h"-" being' It is the mainten-

ance of the identily-3i.rr..yore, the creation of opportunities

which did not .ri,"ulio" "ia *r'ittt would not exist under any

other policy. For the rest it is a practical arrangement to remove

friction between '"t"'' A"d it is in this that the world has not suc-

ceeded' The English lould not do it in Britain' neither could the

Americans in the (JSA'"

MrVorstersaidthatdespiteworld..opinionagainstSouthAfri ca,,rtrd.rrt* iil;;'it ;untry' s policy.was^growin g' " I be-

lieve that or. a,y-fSople will to-".'o South Africa not only to

enjoy the sunshin.'"t'd the climate' but to see how it is possible

that people.f diff;;;l'og"gt'' colours' outlooks and religions

can live so calmly arrd p"r.Jfrll-y in the same geographic area as we

do here in South Africa'"Anothercp.,t"'-'i- th" Bo'd"oad was Dr Andries Treurnicht

who also praised iit n'ota"rbond's role in the implementation of

,fr. p.fi.V. "The Afrikaner Broederbond with its strong accent on

the continu.d .*i;;t; oi tr" Afrikaner nation - also as a white

nation - made .,o small contribution to the fact that the policy of

separation with the view to separate nationhood was accePted and

i-pta-"rrted successfully'" r r: --- :- r.i. ",,r.cenire.Dr Meyeru h;;;6;;;d to the policy in his subsequerit chair-

man's addresses' t

7969: "Fot the Afrikaner Broed-erbond a spinelesi Ahikaner-

dom which *r,,,"' i" -'i""- itself ' ' ' means ihe beginning of an

202

lnclevelati,proso-

1

Goeas*Tthirun(Bar

wadiaaniratde,ce(

de'

ouchr

splnow(

;t

increasing white/non-white integration process which wilreventually desftoy both *19"nr.1 ro think that rhese re_lationships w,r develop rr"irrrrriy and happ,y through rhe merepropagation of pleasani, senrime.rrri *"rr.rs and the removal of.".:11.d'pety apartheid, ir r...y-,in.ealisric.,,1970: Dr Meyer said one or ,i. measures the NationaristGovernment u"drrtook afte*rr. ir+a victory which courd noteasily be chansed was the r"i."i"J"n of separate deveropmenr."They placed ,"h. .ornr.y inexorably on the road of apartheid. onthis road there co.uld U. ir. irrrir* fr.f.. Hendrik Verwoerd wasunquesrionablv the. great archi,.i,

"f tr,. lnJ.f."a.r.. of ourBanru nadons ' ' ' r' rr'ar', ;.1ri. ilrwar Souttr Africa and post-war world have moved in differe,iidir..tiorrs and have become*::::L:rly lpposed. . . we ;;,; therefore accepr that wortdanlmoslty against our country in the years to come will increaserather than decrease as long ; ;. .orrrirrr. our policy of separatedevelopment unambigr.rr:;;;;r#itur.a..

. we musr never ac_cede to any demand, ,"" ,.rrf ..'irr., a.*, .rr;;il;;"orr.or.rr.devel opmen t and r.rti-.o m-rrrl, .,," . . . rf f f".r* "J i.i,.!Irr", i"our countrv musr be fought and reiected on a, fronts - in thechurches, and in ,rr" ,"iiri,".r,r"ii,, economic and politicalspheres' After a', integration orrrry J*.ription and invorving any;"ilH ?;i;i*.ffi:::' ur'''i i''r'"'"';;;;;; ; p o"*"^

19!2: Dr Meyer warned that Afrikar

f : ;; : ::';'j j1,',- t " ", "" "i

o' ;i ;ifi #j'x Yffi fi:Tffi :::A n*,",,, .;ffi il: ;:l:':i l'lo. i:m i: :i::H:H,,1*national political Derty. v/e dare nor go inro an election with theAfrikaner nation'i o"riu.rr po*..'ir"r?.a ... . It is beyond quesrion111

rn.r *o't i-portanr resurr of decrsrve Afrikaner poriticalpower in conjunction with Afrikaner ..orro-r. power wilr be thestable and consisrent implem.nrlrio, oiorr. policy of separate de_velopmenr . . . If the ortiid" world J."ra g.., ,^rr.rrrior.ilii, ,nr,we are beginning to doubt or. o;;;;il.y ,na are prepared to di_lute ir, then the independen, "*ir*ri.. ot our Republic as whiteterritory will be seriouslyJ-pr;J;;.".. Ou Afrikaner exisrenceis seriously rhrearened 1"iry'* ii"rr],

'u.", from the beginning.

,The most critical neriod _"; ;hJ;rh.. ,"riors in this ?o.r.,t'y ,demanded it for themserves' o.-^pr"i'said crearry ,They

do norwant to vote, they do not want a share in our country _ they want

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our country.' We are experiencing it agail today - ,-'iv" lll^white leaders claim our country, South Africa' for the Atncans

forming a numerical majority it"t5' Jh"V are supported by the

United Nations, tfr. n*tl'ns and Chinese and by almost the

*tot.Westernworld.Theywillnotbesatisfiedwiththeabolitionof the Immorality n., ,"j.;"U reservation' with the reduction of

the pay-gap between white and non-white' with sports integra-

don, the removal of so-called 'petty apartheid" eliminating social

separation between icivili'ed' ptoplt-^of all races - no' only the

take-over of power by the numerically strong 'Africans' will sat-

irfy tn"*. Wirit. we continue with the consistent implementation

of'otr. policy of separate development' while we from our side try

to remove all unrrecessary and avoidable points of friction between

us and the non-whit"r, .rd while *" t.y to make as many, friends

as possible for our policy, we-must.noinegltct to strengthen and

f.J,.., our Afrikanerskap and the independ:": :ft^":^::.:f o"t

White South African ,,.""t in all ways against the onslaught of

our enemies demanding our country for themselves' Let us con-

tirr. *itt the fulflmJnt of our divinely ordained ca-lling in our

..r",.y and in Afti., in the knowledge that it is God's road with

and for'our nation."- In the approach to the racial question of the new chairman' Pro-

fessor Gerrit Viljoen, there was a strong shift of. emphasis' It is

;;; p.rg-rti. itrr"'t'it predecessort' "'d more in line with Mr

Vorstet's thinking. He emphasised the need for more deuelopment

rather than the separation "ptt', the need for a new deal for urban

blacks, and the removal of iiscrimination based on colour' At the

same time he kept within the framework of separate de.velopment'

however. In his tglo ,io*an's address Professor viljoen listed

the tasks ahead.

Task i: "Effective and continuous implementation of our

homeland policy so that the aim we seek can be achieved - the es-

tablishment of ."irt.,ce potential and therefore political homes

for the majority of black ptoplt in their own homelands or states

in order to form the basis tf i" maintenance of political power by

whites in the so-called white country'Task 4: "Fo, the great number of blacks living in the white area

and to remain therJfor a long time' decent living conditions' eC

fective local selGg""*"*t"t"and maintenance of law arrd order

must be .nrr..d] The basic rules of human social' engineering

make it essential that acceptable procedures and structlrei for local

204

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self-gouernment, leadership and expression of views should becreared' (Here we must tea. in -i"a ,rri d* ;;.r#iolicy ofhomeland ,rrtr""-^yl1,n ,.frr. _rrr.g"-.nt entails ,e.iol, prob_lems for the future when the homera'nds. become independent.) Islocal self-government for urban bilir in conflict *rir, -it.

pri.r-ciple of refusins to share p.*.. l"-"rtional government? Can welet them live in"tl,,Bracks-,,,*'J,0"';::H:r#:'"',:i#J,T* j,,i,f ,i,,lil'i,order and put doi"'gangsterism in the brack urban areas. we w,rhave ro ger away f.o"r frr" "rJli*"i'rrat life in rocarions must be

ilf:,nffcomfortabte as possibt. io-.r.orrage migration to the

No matter how successful the homerands are, there w,l still behundreds of thousands of br".k, i""Jir. ciries, locations and cer_tain minimum comforts are essentiar such as home ownership, a bet-ter physical envlronment, service, r;r." iigirr, #J,'i'r'l,rr,ior,trading facilities, sport and recreadon. Thiort .r;.;;."ol,"..d bytaxes, rents or the money paid for houses and it i, ,rorr.*rsary foreverything to be given io rhem.,,. Tasl6; "Givinf practicar effect to the much-discussed erimina-tion of unnecessarv separation measures. Reviewing Iaws or regu_lations which benefit ourselves ,i ,i.'.*p.nse of others, for in-stance aspects of the Group Areas Act and job ."r..rrrtior.'The ur_gent necessity for an Afrikaner initiative to make contact throughthe Gnce which divides or. .rrrio^,-fo, .r"_ple welfare work,educational help, commercial help, advice to workers; the necess_lty to ensure in future more consurtation with black and brownpeople d-uring poric.y formuration, instead of a unilateral decisionbeing taken over their heads _ ; ;;;quisite for knowing andunderstanding each other's .ir.,r-rtrrr.es to an unusual extent.There is a strong demand ,-."g;;;.i"p.a blacks for normal ac_ceptance by the Boer-Baas and t be addressed and treated as anequal human being."In this connection it must however be remembered that anauthoritarian structure is at its most vurnerable when it embarkson self-analysis and the correction of its shortcomings. Then pre-cautions must be taken againrt .orrfrri.rg your own people and ,undermining their instincl fo. ,.lf-p."r"rvation, and arso against.provoking expectations on a ,erroluiionary scale among those afrGcted by the system. At the ,"-" ti-. the necessary correctivemeasures must be identified and implemented timeously.- Too

205

little, too late can be counter-productive and look like concessions

made under pressure."Task 7: ,.Re-examination of our long-term vision of our white

homeland. can we keep the whole of white South Africa for our-

selves indefinitely in our exclusive white control, or will we have

to be satisfied with a smaller but truly white area? Must we not

think again in our inner circle about Dr Eiselen's idea of a neutral

o. g../rr.a with political Power shared by white and non-white'alongside a smaller, exclusive white state?"

ItIs obvious rhar the Soweto riots had a profound effect on the

Broederbond thinking. A comparison between some of Professor

viljoen's earliercp...h"r and his 1976 cheitman's address de-

[vJred in Octobei, about three months after the riots, shows a

new awareness that something drastic will have to be done

urgently."One

of the practical contributions he made was to follow up his

own suggestion of more contact with black leaders. Most of these

talks wlre of a confidential nature, but in August L978 a series ofmeetings between him and Dr Motlana, the Committee of Ten

chairm-an, was publicised in the daily Press although statements

were not attributed to individuals. The significance of these meet-

ings was that Dr Motlana, who had been jailed without trial only a

short while before, was now in a position to talk man to man to

the Broederbond chief about the grievances of urban blacks' No

doubt the implication would get through to the Broederbond and

the Cabinet.After Professor viljoen's speech pleading for more contact, the

Broederbond sent out guidelines to branches on how such meet-

ings should take place (Circular 313177).

6.1 "Liaison should preferably take place in the national context.

The nation-divisions must be respected and increasingly main-

tained. We are too prone to think as liberally inclined people do in

terms of black-white-brown categories.6.2 ,,Liaison must be functional and purposeful, and follow a

prepared agenda. Objectives must be set which can be followed

Lp,-ro that liaison does not in practice increase frustration.

63 .,The personnel for meetings must be selected with a view to

effectiveness. They must be knowledgeable people whQ can act

spontaneously and naturally in the situation, and stand their

ground without being hostile. 1

O.+ ,,Liaison and mletings must always respect tlie piinciple of

206

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(

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1

3' "rt is notto provide a forum for notorious critics to fulminate. Lq{nst whites, specifically the Afrikaner.4' "Liaison does noi trk. ptr.. i..""r. i, is the fashion. The brackman becomes ailergic to worthress tarks with whites.,,The Broederbond has*a watchd;;-;;--ittee for African affairswhich keeps the organisation L touch with the latest de-velopments and trerJs. Over ,t.-y.1., it has .i..rlri"J _rrynewsletters and in-depth research pr;;;; It has urged members roencourage young people to trear peopl. of other iolou., a.."r,rlyand respectfully, made an appeal i" ,i"_U"., in t.raing pli,ion,

,to sR;at. more positiu.ly on ,"p".r* j.rr.topmenr i, prfifi.lilrr.i_buted a booklet on blacks i" r.Ur, ,..;, and called on members roco-operate with the Governmenr on hom.fr"a lorroflirri".,("One of the most difficrtt A..tr- or ,n.

-p"i., "#"*|r.rr.development").

In Circular 3/2/75 members were informed that the Govern_ment was taking control of mission hospitals in the homelands."Almost 40 per cent,of the *hite p..rorrn.t at these hospitars arerecruited overseas. Because of their t;;kg;;;;;'rr?"o"rrrr.,views some of them are often hostile towards State policy, some_times.in a very subtle *ry. n...rrti".o_ptrinrs have been re_ceived from several homeland t.ri".r'rUout improper interferenceby mission hospital,f .;;;;#i:':;:::'f,::1,'J,il;':,:,'J'l;:#;::hHi:*are requested to bring the matter pertinently to the attention ofwell-disposed South Af.i.r.,, ,.-.;;;; irs better ,rra".rir.,airg.Members are also requested ,o

"r.orr.rge doctors and paramedicalpersonnel ro make their servic., "rr?irbt.. Membeis who areinterested can contact Head Offic. fo. *or. details.,,In circular 5/76/77 members *".. ,avired that Brack D'e_

:::r::::rr,::t:o_T:",,rnd work towards im acceptance. rhus liai_lll J: 1,:*,-"i,li,:h.ls mus r,*p";;;h; ;,""# ; ;;i,J ;:::*::: :: :11 :-,1 u'

3,,, "' i i., dd';;,r, "

r'."", "o

;il,':H;1::l:,:':*:llllrTl:*i'r'.^"r,".;il#;;;:::T#;';:,T;ill: : l:1'.';:. il.r lj' : l : I, r", *r,r,'.r, ;;.i i.;d-^ ;I:fr 1: j ff i: :, l:l j:::llty wi thin'.,,,i ty *r,i.r, ; r-; ;#;::T:T:[ ::%l;' Tl:

.foltowing negativ. ;.p;;;;'b e conri dered.ffi;:ilns me a blacklrtlh f L rman, I want to hear what he thinks.l

2.

;:iT"' is not a pretext r"r."p..tring grievances and inducing

207

veloprnent in South Africahad been published in Afrikaans' English'

German and French' It was baseJ on research by the Bureau for

Economic Research ot' n"* Development (BENBO) and the

Broederbond p,tp"Jil;i' a brochure for members' "Many of

the topics considered by our own committee on relationships with

the Bantu are dealt *lJr'"t"''i" ;.,.,L Some of our members' and

members of the ,bot"-tt"tioned committee' played a very im-

;;;;;;; ;.ie in the Preparation of the,book"'

From 1972 rhe'B't"dt'bond and the Government became

aware that one of rt'" liggt" polTl^Y"'knesses was legally en-

trenched colour ai"'i-i"1iio"' ointi'ls of the department of

Foreign Affairs '"i;;;;;xio" "'d other government' agencies

all came back f'o'i ;;;;;t with the "-! -t"age: legal dis-

crimination based :;';i;;; is indefensible in the eyes of the

world. Here too tt"^ gt""a"rbond used its massive iflfluence' to

get the Gor..n*""'"t"""ttp'"the elimination of unnecessary dis-

crimination." -r ^ leadersIn Circular 513175 it told its members: "Recently many

stressed that as ,itt i"'pft"lentation of separate development pro-

ceeds, we must ftom time to time consider whether the reasons for

certain discriminatory measures have- not perhaps laps'ed because

of changing .t"";";';t;'"Jtr'""ra. therefore te reviewtd' The

Executive is convinced that our organisation can and must play an

important role in ;;;;t;; htdtfiy to'sideration of this delicate

subject. Erpccia[fi' 'it* o-f out confidentiality the issue is ideally

suited for our ptod"tl"t discussions openly' in brotherhood' with

mutual trust in each other ' ' '"The Executive has decided to make this topical -matter

of the

elimination "f ai*ti-i"iit' the subject of regional m-eetings' A

nation-wid. di""'io" will be held between one or two represen-

tatives of each t;";i";""J '"a 'he Executive on Saturday

June 7 1975'" . r---r^l ,,,itr. thc newsletter an exThe Execuuve also included with the newsletter an exposrtron

of the subject "'d "g"d the branches to discuss it as soon as poss-

ible. The "*po'ltiorr

itarted with a qt'oit from Dr H F Verwoerd'

the apostle "r "p'""r"iJ'"io f'ot" tirat elimination of discrimina-

tion was nom a"ii'-'io"'no- basic policy' "The.policy of separate

development is not a policy o" t"t'""hing diicrimination' but

exactly tt,. oppo'iit' nl tn" policy is implernented' discrimination

*iii U. ,"d.'.td more and more'" l

Then a long list of "guidelines" is given' showirlg that the sub-

208

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sequent discussions were arranged merery to inform the network ofthe Executive's decisior, - basJd on the concrusions of its own ex-pert commission - rather than to ask the rank-and-fire member-ship for a decision.2'1 "Measures necessary to keep politicar contror of the whiteman's future in his own hands -rri.rot disappear. Thus no formof political power-sharing with non-white ,rriio.r, i, ,.."pirbl..2.2 "Certain measures are necessary for the mainterrrrr.. ofwhite identity (for example separate ,.hoolr, living ,..r, ,ra ,n.Immorality AcQ.2.3 "The numerical factor must be considered. In some cases thenumerical strength of the non-white might creare probrems in theabsence of adequate separation, while iri others th. ,ophirticationof the facility will creaie a natural qualitative ,rd qrrntitrtr,r" ,.1-ection which makes forced suburban trains with th. Blue Train orSAA. flight, a sophisticated provincial theatre with ordinary popu_lar bioscopes or theatres.2.4 "Ary measure which is necessary to maintain peace andorder and eliminate friction between races remairr.lrstified.2.5 "Some measurr e s u r t o f d i ffe r en t :: ffi ;:"" :r

ril, ; il:' *Tl;'.ff : l.,?i;.:'"i

national groups.2'6 "The white has, in spite of his wilringness ro share cerrainamenities with non-whites-, the right to derirand privacy and ex_clusivity in his own area. ThereforJ, if frcilities are oper.d ro oth..na.tional groups this must not be cnforced or in a'way that dis-criminates against the whites. It is, for example, the white,s rightto reserve certain shows or evenings for his people without beirngashamed of it.2.7 "Discriminatory measures which are hurtfur and humiliating:1rhg1.".hieving anything positive cannot be justified.

3.: ',:In" opening of ce.tain amenities for nonjwhires can be jus_

trtled lt such ameniries cannot be dupricated for them in the fore-seeable future for economic reasons . . . H... precautions must betaken to avoid delaying the cultural development of a nationalgtg"p ' ' ' by deferring or cancelling the provision of separate faci-lities.2'9 . "It.must always be crear that the removar of unjust discrimi-nation does nor flow from the idea of a multir.lirl .o,,_o.,society, and is not to be used a-s an argument to combat any differ_:entiating measures related to basic ,Jpr.rr. development.

2.10 "Appropriate steps must be taken timeously' to avoid the

i-pr.rriorr^ that a concession has been made under pressure' Pre-

cautions must also b. t"k.r, against unwholesome feelings of guilt

,.rJr.fipiry which lead to lelning over backwards with ill-consi-

dered adapiations mainly constit;-ting plain capitulations'"

The newsletter th;; appealed fot "piopet

hu1a1 relations' the

elimination of friction, pto'i'io' of "ctst"y facilities for. blacks

in urban areas and ,lorrg the national roads' places where leading

blacks and whites .ooli-..t, and restrooms and eating places for

;il; *orki.g in the cities' Finally, it called for separate de-

,r.iop*.r, to b". ,p."J.d ,p thto"gt' ihe reduction of blacks in the

cities, establishmert of to*rs, houses and transport in the home-

ir"at, more work oppo"t"'ities in the homelands and border

areas, and the consoliiatiot' of the homelands' On November 1

1977 branches were sent a questionnaire asking what^had been

done in rheir areas regarding ihe provision of separate facilities in

shopping centres ,.rJ.1,.*hete, ind the removal of unnecessary

discrimiiation as defined in the 1975 circular'

Over the years the Broederbond has sent its branches lengthy

study documents after reports from its expert committees' These

include Consolidation o1 it" Homelands, Siparate Deuelopment and

Self-Deuelopment, WhiTe Entrepreneurs on in Agency Basis in the

Bantu Homelands, Measures foi the Encouragement of Ind.ustrial De-

uelopment in the Borde, Ar*i, Muki-Nationil Lioito' of the Scientific

Spirrr, Independence of the Transkei,.Deuelopment- d the Bantu

,i*ugi Indistrial irrrlop*'nt in Boider Areis end Progress with

Homeland DeueloPment.

At the beginning of 1976 (circular of May 3 197-6) the Executive

recalled that it hai p.et'iot"ly ""t"d the need for 'a masterplan

for white survival'. i, *."t on: "Meanwhile the Executive's expert

committee o., orr r.i,tionship with the Bantu has been bu.sy with

intensive studies ,rrd di""tions with Broeders in responsible cir-

cles (cabin., -irir*., and senior civil servants) and has gathered'

important ,rrrt".i"l for the masterplan' Some preliminary facts

;il"g an idea of the vastness of this task are given here'

"Population growth, settlement and housing' linked with the

cost of express ,r"r.po.,, are the basic problt-Tt ?tiig us' Scien-

tific studies show that the population ftr which the2? Bantu ad-

ministration boards h"'," to provide housing is increasing by 4 per

.;;;; year and will reach 1-1 261' 167 by the vear 'PO.

This im-

plies an increase of 1 172 818 houses' Asiuming arl inflation rate of

210

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10 per cenr a year, the cost for housing and public buildings inr,r,hite areas would be R17 3g1 196 624.

"If the houses were to be built in a Bantu area, important factorsenter the calculation.2'l "If towns are established on land already beronging to theSouth African Banru Trusr, the cosr of ground r, ?iifiin"t.a.There is another aspect. The Bantu buy the house and the protfrom the Bantu Truit so thar much ress State capital i, .eqrir.d.2,? "The exciring aspect is that capitar returnei to the S'tate inthis way can be used for ffansport services to homerands. .. It ispossible to build more rhan o ooo km ofroads for R1 g+:-mrttion.1'3 "The committee is therefore working on a nationar de-velopment plan in which all the factors of lab"our, tourirrg-,-.orro_lidation, decentralisation and transport services can be co-ordi-nated. More details will be made available larer.,,In August and September two parts of this pran were circulated se-cretly to Broederbond branches.They make it evident that the Broederbond:(1) will consider adaptations only within the framework of sep-arate development;a) will not even contemprate the sharing of power in the whitepart of South Africa;(3) Sees the solution to South Africa,s racial problem in the fasrerand more meaningful implementation of ,.p"."r" a.".i"p_.",through:(a) Consolidation of the homelands;(b) Creation of more job opportunities in the homelands;(c) Establishmenr of towns in the homerands which *i[ drr*

Africans from the cities;(d) Provision of atffactive singre accommodation in urban areas;(e) Establishing a sysrem of express rransporr to enable blacks to

live in the homelands and work in the ,,white,, cities; -

(0 Provision of amenities in urban areas reading ,o-rffior..rr-ment without sharing national political po*!.;

(g) The removal of unnecessary diicriminaiion as defined in thei975 circular.

fhe ply (August, Part 2A) makes the Broederbond view quiteclear. "lt must be said candidry that there is no alternative to the ,

policy of multinational development in South Africa. . . The willand determination to make it succeed must be not only , ,iorgrrlbut a life philosophy. . . One stipulation remains paramount and

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that is that economic co-operation (with the homelands) and econ-

omic interdependence .r, b. deveioped to full advantage only ifpolitical po*i, has been finatly dividei.and is accepted as such by

tU.t ,.,d *hit., especially by those black communities still rela-

tively permanent in the whiie homeland ' ' ' Those who do not

*iffiirgiy fall in with this cardinal precePt must be compelled to do

so in their own interests. . . Anyone who rejects the highest

honour and right of every individual on earth' to be governed by

himself and to have his siatus respected and recognised b-y others'

-rrt b. prepared to accept the iishonourable status of enslave-

ment anithe condition, "i.o-p"'ying it' It is in any case his own

decision." . . . It is the main aim of this plan to let the blacks settle and

work as far as is practicable in their respective homelands' Where

that is not possible, it is intended to let them live in their own

homelands while working on a daily basis in the white areas ' ' '

The positive encourag.rn!,,, of travelling between homeland and

*ori lprndeluerkeer) iot o.,ly on a daily basis' but especially on a

weekly and even monthly basis, now deserves urgent attention as

"., ,rp!., of planning. . . i-ployers will be required to change the

contracts of monthi'y commuters to enable them to be at home

every month for a long weekend'"The plan ,lro prorri?es for sending to the homelands for de-

velopment purposes as much ,t po"iblt of the money earned by

blacks in white areas. It suggests consideration of an additional

levy on employers who do not use commuter labour' It therefore

,pp.r., thai a big arrrult must be launched on the 36'3 per cent in

commerce and service sector and that it must be regarded in future

planning ,. .rrr.*.ly tigf' priority (because most of the married'

settled black labour occur in this category)'

The circular summed up: "The few elements whose motives

and insidious intentiorr, ,i. not in accordance with these aims'

must be identified and gradually neutralised'"

The third part of the Lasterplan, entitled The Strategy (Septem-

ber7976),aidth.positionofthewhiteSouthAfricanwasunten-able unless the plJn was accepted and implem-ented' It reiterated

that the plan must be imposei to ens_ure co-ordination of all State

d.pr.t-..rts and statutory bodies' The Prime Minister should es-

tablish a Development Council with its own chairman' to include

all the departments and bodies dealing with plannil{r'ld under

the direct control of the Prime Mini-ster. "io edablL it to call

212

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directly upon the prime Minister, the counc, must come under hiscontrol and then, with the herp of a cabinet committee, ensurethat the council's recommendrtlio.rr r.. "rrfo..ilt;.,;'^'""-The plan syggested thatas a-quid pro quo encouraging blacks toaccept homeland citizenship, the.e wourd be no discrimination in*lilr areas against bracks *irt *.r, .itizenship. "Thus accepranceof (homeland) citizenship and the identification of blacks withtheir own countries, *lll b. gi".r1 positive value while thedanger will be eliminated of iir..i-iration b.i.g ,boiirh.a ,ogive the Banru in white areas more rights *a p.ir;-if.g.*

_,-11: .masterplan suggested a revie# of all siarur-o-.7"_."rrrr.,glvmg permanence to bracks in white areas. The..,oie* was to in_clude Article 10 of the-Bantu (Urban Areas) consolidation Act of1,945 --virtually the onry basis for permanence for Africans born inthe urban area and thaiapplying orrtf to thoSe who had the sameemployer for more than ien y"r".r. Siinificantly, lir"s;".d a re_duction of the number of Bantu adniinistration boar"dr - a .,sug-

gestion" promptly followed by the Government. "Every Boardshould be insrructed. to implement the masterplan for the Bantuhomeland and the white a.ea in *fri.i-i, operates,,, the documentadded. It called for prompt ,,public acrion,, supported bv an or_ganisation with the necesiary-funds and ;";;;;;,I iio"ia" ,positive climate for the implementation of tfr. _.rr..ptir.

The document envisaged the support of Afrikaan, .lir..i.r, ,fr.FAK, SABC, press, oihe, media, educationists, including theteachers' associarions, academic action, the SA Ag;;i;;;;i(Jnionwith its provincial and.district organisatio.rr, thE ajlaa)nse ,an-delsinstituut and its sakekamers, ,rr.'F.a.rr,ed chamber of Indus-tries, labour organisations, municipal associations, womens, or_ganisations, youth organisatiorr, R"pportryers, Junior Rapport_ryers and other orm a s t erpt an I, r...:::l' T' ::'-: iTfffi ""lXffi:[TT, :l;states' It calls for a kind of Marshail plan assisting the deverop-.rr,of the homelands, and the hording oi a multinationar homerandsconvention on Government rever"to discuss matters of commonconcern. "A basis for a commonwealth of South African *ri.. .rnbe laid in this wav."

Then the Broederbond advises homelands, from its own experi_,ence, how to take control of the political situation.'Just as in the white country, , ."rr,.ri body must be establiqhedfor every homeland to moulj public oplrrio, in favour of policy.

213

In this, the national leader, the mass media and especially the radio

will play important;;' jiti"lt*ing should be emphasised'

g.1 "Narionalis- ,'. th. foundation ' ' ' Every ayailalle resource

must be thrown i";; ;; C"ttlt to inculcate a Chrittian national

ohilosoPhv among black nations'

5.i'";Iir,l kev ,ie of the teaching profession'

8.3 "The influe"tt""f iit it'att 'I '^Th"tt leaders must be recog-

nised not only by ;;';; people.but also by-the whites'

8:4 "The impo"""t ;i;fut: The value of sport cannot be

overestima,.a. Not'"J"il f," i' cultural value' but it fosters

national pride and patriotism' Sportsmen become nadonal

heroes. . . Sports f'citiiie' must be established in the homelands

i;;;;r'. Iviabanto Freedom Stadium)'

8.5 "Concentratlon on the Youth'8.6 "Attention to economic leaders'

8.7 "Power "f 'nt -"' media' The radio services for the respec-

tive black nadons must play a giant.role here' Public opinion in

svmDathY *itn tf'thl*itlat 'i"t bt built up " ' it must culmi-

,rrte^in e v olksbeweging'"

The questio" of^*it'her SABRA should be the co-ordinating

bodv is left oPen'

Itls a Broederbond blueprint for the bracks. The comprehensive

formula which U'ot'ght the Bond to po*t' was now being handed

over to th. i,di"iilfiJ';,."*;t"pt-Ttt circular ended chillinglv:

"Events in the p';;;;;k; i"t" 'pttt.o"t it' flames and blood that

the status quo can no longer last ' ' "'In Groote Schuur, Cape Town' somebody else was pondering

the bloodsh.a "i 'ioL"ce in the townships' He-too' came back to

the originar .""tit"- t"p"'" at"tiop-t": I" :l:,j:cular of

November 221g76the Executirr. ,.po.*d on its meeting with the

Prime Minister, ;i'n;;' ',Tlt Executive was riveted by the

declaration of r"i"tt"*itr'-*iitn the Prime Minister recently con-

cluded a frank discussion' He stressed with great determination

that his p.ofot"'J *alysis of the recent t'yi"f mo'ths 'and

weeks

had convin.td h;;;;;w that there is no way to handle race re-

lations but the way of separate- dt"iop-t"'' Ht added that the

greatest legacy of-6t Verwoerd was his vision of separate home-

lands which ..ri;;; j*.r"p.a to fuu independence. without the

homeland p"ht;:;; ;;;'-;';ould now irave been in the same

position ., nnoittit fft t'lltd on the AB to take gtodk and throw

everything it"oiit U'ttle to *"i't'i" "'d p'otote this policy'"

214

l. Tomlinson Commiss.

? ! h, _ it, ii,; ;j' t; ;ilT, h:

o*i' ;) :, ?. S m u r s, p p 1, 7 _ t83. De Klerk, w A, rne puritans ti iti,i i"isi.,4. Ibid. pp 202-203.

5.6.7.8.9.

10

11

12.

Ibid. pp 20T2U.9."-1{., G, A HomeJor prosperity, p 24.De Klerk. W A. Th; puritais in'Ajila, p 21s.Ibid. p 223.tbid. p 229.

tbid. pp 231J.P^elz91, A N, Verwoerd aan die Woord, p 16.De Klerk, W A, The puritans n aiii,'i'Z+t.

I

215

13 soweto - June 16

Junel6lgT6willforeverremainmemorableinSouthAfricanhis-iory. f, was a day that shook South Africa' and further under-

mined its already weak international position' It was the day So-

weto exploded. For months afte'*a'ds, rioting continued in the

vast dormitory township of about a million black people -Johannesburg's labour reservoir'' Most of th"e clashes took place between riot police and_ pupils at

the black schools. The first *,jot confrontation began when black

and white police in a car f.o- O'Iar'do police station inter.cepted

marching &ild."., and attempted to "tottt posters protesting the

."rrp"fJ".y use of Afrikaans in black schools' Between four and

firr. iho,rr-d children were going from school to school' urging

pupils to join a mass boyc'ott of classes'

It is difficuk to estrbiish exactly what happened in the melee

that followed. pupils would claim ihe police fired first - the police

version was that they were stoned ""J *"" forced to retaliate by

opening fire. The first victim, Hector Peterson aged 76' was car-

.i.a odUy his crying schoolmates when the crowd dispersed' The

.ioii.rg .o.ttirr.i ^ia zl people, including three whites' died on

the fir"st day in soweto. Among them was Dr Melville Edelstein

who had devoted his life to social welfare among blacks' He was

stonedtodeathbythemob.Millionsofrandsworthofdamagewas done in the ensuing days as schools, buses' beerhalls and

bottlestores were set alight by pupils' These places were seen as

r,-U"ft of "the white -"rr', ,yJ"-"' Buses were withdrawn and

clinics closed.Violence spread to the East and West Rand' northern Natal and

Cape Town. Army and other defence force units were on standby

,, ih" townships were gripped by mob violence' Gangsters made

rhe most of the ,lt*rrti"o.r, intimidating and robbing people and

looting shops. Sporadic violence lasted several weeks' OnJune 18

The Star,s banner headline said: ..Townships ab|aze al! ov.er Reef.,'

At the end of 1976 the death toll stood et 499'

276

$

St

r(ttnfrg,q

S1

gd

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t

'What caused the riots among schoolchildren?

There can be no doubt thai there can be many reasons, thestrongest probably their hatred of the system of apartheid whichrelegated them to a position of inferiority and poverty throughoutthe whole South African structure. Shortly b.fo.., t'rr"y i"a ."it-nessed a dispirited and virtualry defeated'rortrg"r *ilhi..*i.rgfrom.Mozambique and Angola and harding orr.r'.or,.Jio blr.kguerilla movemen^ts. This had a profound effe* on brack SouthAfricans s.triving for a be*er d.ri brt the young lfr.tllfr" f.f,strongly that salvarion did not lie with th.i.'.rd.r-, iil;,i.r. ..-garded as roo timid, intimidated by the white man. th.y haddrifted along like Uncle Toms, ,o d.p.rrd.nr on th"i.lob, thrtthey were scared to move.

. National Party commentators rater blamed "agitators" for incit-t"* :1..

y:ulg people to riot. The truth is, of coulse, tt,rt p*pt. aonot lightly riot and take their rives into thei. o*n-hr"ir.'agi,rr"r,can be successful only if the audience is responsiv", th. p.oipl" ,r_hrppy and discontented. This was ,o in So*.to.

And while one can find many general reasons for the riots, thestraw that broke rhe came|s b..-k *rs the issue of Afrikaans inblack schools. This produced the boycotts and was the immediatecause of the first riots. It is e*t.emely unlikely that the violenceworrld have taken place at all if the Gor..n_.nt, under pressurefrom the Broederbon{, had ,o, p.o*,ia; ;;'r;;i.'ii, ,r*t".1-* up ol June 18: ,,The Afrikaans teaching issue was cer_tainly the spark but there are other things behinithe riotr, othe,factors which edged soweto towards viorence.,, It is ironicar thatthe_ Broederbond, born out of the frustration caused by LordMilner's policy of anglicising Afrikaners, should blunder a few de_cades later by trying to foice its own language

"" Lir.tr. rUr,they of all people did nor learn the lessons oith"i. own hisrory willremain one of the most inexplicable aspects of the o.grrirrtiorr.Their fanatical derermination to ircurcate Afrikaans iid .ro, ,ropwith Afrikaners and mother_tongue education. Their drive toAfrikanerise- English-speakers ani immigranrs (see Cf,rpi.. ayspread to other groups. Tlrguqh the yer-., tfr"y..p.ri.diy dir_cussed at secret meetings with dabin.r'Minirr.., f,"ir-ii"i couldget blacks to accept Afrikaans as a second l"rgrrg., i.rri.ra of ,

English.The Department of Bantu Education became a powerful meBnsito this end. Loaded with Broeders, from the Minister d"*;;r;;,

217

the department was instructed to ensure that Afrikaans became a

.o-prl.o.y teaching language in black schools' The Broederbond

issued an extensive circular with details of employment opportu-

nities in the department. The minutes of an Executive council

meeting held on March 21 1968 stated: "(P) AFRIKAANS AND

BANTU EDUCATION. The Babanango division is of the

opinion that Afrikaans as spoken word is neglected in Bantu edu-

cation. Broeders i., .esporrsible circles (Cabinet) have confirmed

that much has already been done to give Afrikaans its rightful

ftr.., but that there were many problems' It is recommended that

ih" E*..r,ive refer this issue to-Broeders in the department with

the request that serious attention should be paid continuously to

the use of Afrikaans in Bantu education'"

Two years before the Soweto riots, the Department of.Bantu

Education sent out a circular stating that half the subjects in sec-

""Jr.v ,.t ools had io-b" t",rght in Lfrikaans. The circular, issued

by Bantu Education's .egioni'l director in the Southern Transvaal,

Mr W C Ackerma.r, *"i.1.'r: arithmetic, mathematics-and social

studies had to be taught in Afrikaans; science' woodwork' arts and

crafts in English. HJadmasters in Soweto schools protested' and

representatiJns we.e made to Mr M C Botha' a leading Broeder

,rd Mirri.,er of Bantu Education' The pleas were turned down'

Shortly after the outbreak of the riois, blacks identified the

Afrikaans issue as the cause- Mr Ernest Mchunu' a head messen-

g.., told the Rand Daily Mait on-June.19: "They come home after

ichool saying how much they tiate Afrikaans' but it is only be-

cause they ale fo.ced to study it'" Black teachers were adamant

that Afrikaans was at the root of the rioting.l Mr Wilkie Kambule,

headmaster of Soweto's biggest school, said: "The main reason is

th"t yor.rg blacks these Jays tend to be radical and they see

Afrikaans ,, prtt of the people in authority'"There *r, ,-pl. *r.rrirrg ,t'at tension would build up over the

language issue. Mr Ackerm"an's circular provoked a. sef-e1 of pro-

tests. The African Teachers' Associarion wrote to the Minister of

Bantu Education "that it is cruel and shortsighted'"z The joint

school and committee boards of the southern and northern Trans-

vaal regions met officials from Bantu Education' Homeland

leaders "requested the Prime Minister that "the medium of in-

struction in Bantu schools in the white areas should be the same as

that in schools in the corresponding homeland'3" fhe Deputy

Minister, Mr PuntJansen, said in Parliament he had not consulted

218

lltl: "and I am not going to consulr them,, on the language

The South African Institute of Race Rerations drew up a caren-dar of evenrs from January 7 7976, disclosing ,h. gro*ing ,rg..over the enforcement of Afrikaans in utr.t rTrr"ori ,.'pli, ,r ir,testimony to the cilie commission of Inquiry;;'ril iiltr. rir.institute subsequenrly published a book entitred south Africa inTray a il : D is turb ance s oy i tz o /27 in which ril;-;;";;.'roo;"r..

EVENTS OF 1976 WHICH CULMINATED IN THE DIS-TURBANCES OFJUNE 1976

{T$ _.!:"ology is based largely on newspaper reports)JANUARY20January: A meeting of the Meadowrands Tswana Board at theMoruto-Thuto Lower primary Schoor. Minutes of the m..ti.rgread: "The circuit inspector toid th. board that the Secretary forBantu Education has stated that all direct taxes paid by the blackpopulation of South Africa are being sent to rhe various home-lands for educational purposes th"..."

"In urban areas the education of a brack child is being paid forby the white population, rhar is English and Afrikar"r]r'p.rf.mggroups. Therefore the Secretary for-Bantu Education has the re-

:::T]1T:, towards satisfying ihe English_ anrt Afrikrrrr_rp.rr_mg people.

.. "Con-sequently, th.e only way of satisfying both groups, the me_dium of instru*ion in all schools shall U. J, a SO]SO i;r."The circuit inspector further stated that where ,t

"." *". am-culty rn rnstru*ion in the medium of Afrikaans an application forexemption can be made. He stared that if such an "l"rfli"" i,?i?:::11 r!. Department of Bantu Educarion, it shall be applic_aDIe tor one year only.

"In future, if schools teach through a medium not prescribed bythe department for a. particular Jubject, examination questionpapers will only be ser in the prescribei medium with no .|io, ofthe other language. The circuit inspector stated that social studies(hlstory and geography) and marhematics shall be taught throughthe medium of Afrikaans, physicar science and the ..rrirr.."gh ih"'medium of English.

"Asked whether the. circuit inspector should not be speaking atthe meeting in an advisory .rpr.ity, the inspector ,,rr.d that he

219

was representing the Department of Bantu Education directly'

"The board stated that they were not opposed to'the 50-50 basis

medium of instructio" i't tft"t they wanted to be given the chance

"f .tt""ti"g the language for each.subject'

"The circuit i"'p"ttit stated that the board has no right to

choose for itself, b";;;dd Jo *n't the department wants' He

suggested that the board could write to the dtp"tm"t't via himself

and the regional director on this matter' At this juncture the circuit

ffi;;;;:*."t"a himself and left the meeting'

"The board *" ;;;;;ppv 'ut"' the statements of the circuit

inspector .rrd ,t""J.-'h"i"'o'write a letter would not offer any

favourable rePlY."The board unanimously accepted -a

motion moved by Mr K

Nkamela ,rra r..o'itJ;;'*t S G Thwane' that the medium of

instrucdon i, ..h;i;;;i'; ;;;isdicdon of the Meadowlands

Tswana School B";;;;;;; Stan'dards 3 to 8 should be in English'

The meetirg r"titl;;;il that the principals be informed

about the decision.''

FEBRUARYEarly in February two members of the Meadowiands Tswana

School Board, Mr Letlape and Mr Peele' were dismissed' In the

Assembly on 27 ftt""'y the Deputy Minl::r stated-that they

were disrnissed in;;;;;.i t.gulation +t 1t; of Covernment Notice

R429 dated f q M"tt' tg66' rlhich states that the regional director

may, "if he is of 'h"

;;;i;; lnat t[e continued existence of anv

school board ot 't't

m'embership of '"y member.of-any school

board is, for *h';;;;;t"o" Iloiit' the interest of the Bantu com-

munity or the education of Bantu' at any time dissolve such school

board and order'it l""ttit"tion of a new school board or termln-

ate the -.-u."r'i;;;; ;ember of any school board'"

The regional director gave no reasons for the dismissals' but it

was believ.a tn'i tt"f -*ttt

due. to the board's refusal to use

Afrikaans ,. , ttaium of instruction in their schools'

6 February:The remaining seven members of the board resigned in

p."*t, ,i th. dismissal o-f Messrs Peele and Letlape'

Mr W C Ackerman' regional ditttttt of Bantu Education for

the Souther., f'""t'*l' r"efused to comment on the matter' Mr

M A N errg.tU'echt, chief inspecto.r of schools' in a s[atement to

the Rand Daily Mail' said that black schools wbre "entitled to

220

clda1

tlvS

(

S

t(

(

,

choose between Enqlish and Afrikaans as a medium of instructiondepending on profi'ciency, rhat ,rr. .iJ.. was made through anapplication by the nrincipal of the school which i, .orrra..La bythe Secretary of the Departmen, "i n""r" Education, and that itwas a professional matter that fell outside th.3r.isai.ri""

"r rr,.school boards.Chief Lucas Mangope took

Government and sutsequentlywere free to choose the mediumschools.

up the matter with the Centralreported that the school boardsof instruction to be used in their

2.4 Febru-ary; Junior certificate students at Thomas Mofolo Secon-dary School clashed v.erbally with their principar over the mediumof instruction and police were calledin.27 February; In the Assembry the Deputy Minister of Bantu Edu-cation, Dr Treurnicht,.said ihrt ,ppfi.rtio.rs fo. .*._piio, Ao_the language ruling had been ....iu.d from schooi f.ffirrr, urtthat no statistics were kept of r.r.f, ,pplications. He went on tosay' "The change-over to the twerve year structure has entailedthat the.principle in respecr of the -.di,r- of instruction applic-able in rhe case of reconda.y schools also becom., ,ppiilrire in thecase of Standard 5. Applicaiions to deviate in these cases are consi_dered in the light of; ihe availability of teachers proficie,t to reachthrough the medium of one of the official languag.., ,h. f"., thr,textbooks in a certain language have already U'"*"ropffiJ to tt.senior classes of the schools which the pupils *iti'.-rrJrrr,rrttyattend. "5

MARCHMembers of the Meadowlands Tswana School Board said theyhad been informed that they would only be r.irrrrrtJif ,fr.y *irfr_drew a. circular saying that school, ,r.rd". them should be in_structed in English.14 March: Parenrs at Don-ardson Higher primary Schoor unani-mously rejected the use of AfrikaanJas medium of instruction.

APRIL26 April-:-A delegation from the African Teachers, Association ofSouth Africa met the Secretary for Bantu Education, to who.m jthey presented a memorandum concerning medium .i';;:

221

struction, and rePorted that the problem was to be reviewed by

the DePartment.30 April: Opposition speakers.in the,House of Assembly called on

the Government to ,fiJ* Uf"t pupils to choose the official langu-

* t. which they wished to be educated'

MAY17.May: Students at Orlando WestJunior Secondary School went

on strike in protest against the enforced use of Afrikaans as me-

dium of instruction -if'*ty

at*anded to see the inspector' Mr de

Beer, but he refused to meet the p-upils'

l;-M"y,A.o*mitle;;il:*IiT:"i311:i:.*.?Hn:::',t5-point memorandum Protestmg. agar

medium of ir,rtr,r.tio,' io theit pli",ip{' Mr Mpulo' After several

meetings with the pti"tip'f "d 't'ff the students drafted a letter'

,trtirrgit.i. gri.vances, to the regional director'

Students "t n.ff. fflghtt p'i-'''y School also went on strike'

20 May: Emthonjeni Hlgher Primary and Thulasizwe Higher Pri-

mary ichools joined the strike'21 May: Mr M C at Stt', circuit inspector for.the,strikinB

schools, stated that the Department was "ioing nothing about the

matter." 1 . -,22 May: A meeting of parents' school board members from vart-

ous areas ,rd lrrt,?ht Y"'i'*t members was held and it was de-

cided that students should return to school while the matter re-

ceived attention.24 May: Striking pupils ignoredpleas by the Orlando-Diepkloof

Schooi Board to return to school'

Pimville High; P;i*"'y "'d Khulangolwazi Higher Primary

schools joined the strike'

25 May:The Directot "f tf" SAIRRo sent the following telegram

to Mr R de Villiers, MP (a member of the Executive Committee

of the Institute): "Deeply concerned Afrikaans medium contro-

versy black schools ' Po'i'iot' Soweto very serious x Could you

discussmatterwithMinisterConCerned.''Ir4rdeVilliersconveyedthe content, of ttt"itftgram to the Deputy Minister oi Bantu Ad-

ministration, Dr Andrls Treurnicht' who said he was not aware

of any real probl#,i"' *t"fa enquire about the matter' A day or

so later o, rr","iti"t"t the foilowing note tcl Y.t.rd: Villiers:

"The probf.- *iii regard to the strike of pupili in Soweto is

222

bhflhb

tS

;

by

on

iu-

being dealt with.on a low level at the moment, and neqotiationshave nor yet reached a point .ia.rii..t. N;;;r"ril _irr., u..,referred to the Secretary of the Department, although this mighthappen later. we will determi.r" *tirt the contributory causes are,but at rhe moment it is said ,frrr rfr. plpit ,.. .t.itirrgli;,rr. ,lr.teachers (according to^the child...r?) ar. not capable of teachingsubjects in Afrikaans! possibre the matter is not as simpre as thar,,( translation from the Afrikaans ).26 May: Members of the

'AIRR staff spoke to Mr T v/ Kambure,principal of orlando High School. Mr Kambule stated that therewas no doubt that-princlpals and teachers ,t th. .i.itirg^r.t""r,were being intimid.ated by the circuit inspector, Mr de f.... ap_parently teachers, having been asked whether they could speakAfrikaans, to which they-arrswered 'lyes" for fear of losing theirjobs' were then tord that they courd thereror. ,"r.i-,t ro,rgh themedium of this language. (It should be borne in mind that Africanteachers have no language endorsement on their p.;f..;i;;;l certi-ficates' and that most teacher training coreges for Africans useEnglish as medium.ofinstructi"".) M;krmbure said that Mr Ack-...-1r, Regional Director, had asked him to help mediat.l"g*..,the Departmenr and the striking ,.i".rr. H" ,it.rra.J-, .rr."tirrgbetween Mr Ackermal a1d the"principals of the schools and al_thoug-h he (Mr Kambule) t nr* ,ii-ti. ,.hoor, did not have staffqualified to use Afrikaans as medium of instructior, *1., M.Ackerman put the question

19 the prir.iprtr, tfr.y rtt r.ia'iirr rfr.ydid.have the staff, undoubtedry u.J*r" they were afraid of victim-isation.

27 May:The first viorent incident was recorded when Mr K Tsha-balana, a teacher of Afrikaan, ,t pirrrriite Higher p.i_r.y^i.fr""f,was stabbed with a screwdriver by a student. Students stonedpolice who came to make .., ,r..r, in connection with thestabbing.

. According to various newspaper reports, Mr de Beer hadthreatened durine May to op.f p"piis who stayed away fromschool for more lhr, ,*o weeks.

JUNE

l June: Pupils at SenaoaneJunior Secondary School went on stril*e.3 June: Pupils at Emtho"njene, Beile, ii"r;;.'r"i"nlr"il.

nte-de

iaas

al'r,

ge

started returning to classes. Pupils were apparently told that les-

sons in mathematics and social studies - the subjects taught in

Afrikaans - would be suspended for the time being'

5 June: Pupils at Belle Higher Primary School stoned the school

tJlairrg, and other childr"en who had returned to classes during

the lull in the strike.i lunu A pupil was arrested at Belle Higher Primary following the

sioning incident on the 5th'-. A fi"ve-man deputation from UBC?, accompanied by^Mr N P

Wilsenach, the WRABs director for housing' met Mr IvI C Acker-

-"r, ,o di..,rs the school strikes' Mr Makhaya' chairman of the

UBC, said the deputation had requested Mr Wilsenach to accom-

pany them to speed up the appointment with Mr Ackerman' At

the meeting Mr Acker.,,," #d there was nothing he could do

about the issue.

I June:Police went to Naledi High School "to make some enqul-

ries about the matter." Studenrsltor"d the police and burnt their

car.- Fifteen pupils from Thulasizwe Higher Primary were detained'

and released after questioning'ijuru Pupils at N;ledi High"school again stoned policemen who

had come to the school Io investigate the previous day's dis-

turbance.1oji"r, pupils at Emthonjeni refused to write their social studies

exam in Afrikaans.11June: Pupils at Morris Isaacson High School posted a placard at

,frJ *.m gate reading "NO SB's allowed' Enter at the risk of your

skin." Ac"cording to1te,cht', antagonism towards the police was

running high at the school'Stud"ents"atorlandoWestJuniorSecondaryrefusedtowrite

their June exams. r ^

th"e Oeputy Minister of Bantu Education' in reply to a questlon

in the Assembly, stated that this Department had no knowledge of

the incident in which police were stoned at Naledi High School.e

The SAIRR sent a fuither telegram to Mr de Villiers:..SituationinSowetoschoolsreAfrikaansasamediumdeterio-

rating daily x Violence already appeared and could easily be re-

peate?. Trust Dr Treurnicht aware of situation'"

Dr Treurnicht, on being informed of the contents of the tele-

grr*, said that he did not ;hink there had been an gscalation of the

dispute, but would make further enquiries' Laterlhe told Mr de

224

villiers rhat he had spoken to his officiars and had reason to berievethat the matter *orrld U" ,_i."ut, ,"r,r.a.At a Press conference o. rrartr,tlrl ,nnoun."d the inaugurarionon 4 July of the Sowero R"rid.rtri Association and said that acommittee wourd be- elected to "furiy represent Soweto parents inma*ers concerning rhe recenr school'strii<.r,; .r ;;;;;I;.rts hadagreed that schooi boards ,ra .o__i;;l^,;':::r_l::,i"- ol"oll;. ; "

arso s ai d, .. w; ;:'JTL[ffi J;J,.Hffi:H:?rnstruction because it is-the_langurg. of the opp..rr"r,,'-li June: In an article in weekend" wlrta, Mr T w x"*f"re, princi-pal of Orlando High School, y* q""i"a, ..tir"".frJ.r'r"riri";ur,ro,high schools accept or are for..d to use Afrikaans, then theGovernment will have, g"oa.rr;t for.irg Afrikaans as rhe me_dium of instru*ion ,,, f,igh ,.f,ooir. SchJolchildr"o ,r. doingexactly what the parents and everybody Gels about Afrikaans -only they have the courage to stand up againsr it.,,14 June: Councillor Leona'rd fra"rrf, *rrr.a that the enforcing ofAfrikaans in schoors courd r.rrrti i,

"rother Sharpevilre. Speakingof the children, he said,-,,Tfr.y *or;r-irt. r.rythi.rg we say becausethey think we have- negrected th.-. w; have fa,ed to herp them intheir.struggle for charig. i" ,.it"ll. iipared ," fr[i,, ,ri*. are afraid ,rr. rir,]ili:t;il#:tJJ:f::;et eny time'" He also said that police inte.ference in the schoorsshould be avoided at all cosrs, ,l iir. .frifaren might become ag_gressive at the sight of the police.16June: A march in protest against the use of Afrikaans as mediumof instruction, apparently il,.,itiat., Ot pupils of Naledi UighSchool, moved through Soweto ,rJ _r.r..ged on Orlando WestJunior ,secondary Sciool, *fr... -,i"" strikes had first starteda month before. There was an incident where police tried to re_move placards from the -rr.t..r- iir.^ro ooo marchers were con-fronted by the police as

.they grrlr.*d in front of the school andtension increased, especially !,1.; ;;fi.e fired teargas into thecrowd' The children-retariated uy tf.o^*ing rro.,.r-iitr,"'poti..rvho opened fire, apparently fi.si fi.ing warning shots and thenil",;r:l;

advancing it ita."i, t,ri,"g^'r., teast one chitd, Hector

Later' Dr Melv,re Ederstein was k,red ar Morris Isaacson HighSchool and Mr N Esterhuir.", , Wnan official, was also beatentO death. -ry vr.rlrdrr wds alsn o.:".r,

Police reinforcements were brought into Soweto and army

225

troops were Placed on standby as rioting spread throughout So-

*.il ""a buiidings and vehicles were.burnt'

All schools *t" t';;il;;" order of Mr M C Botha' In a

statement in p"fi"i""tiit" f"g"r' Minister of Justice' and of

Police, said: "StudJ;;;;t o"e'-dissatisfacdon with their curri-

culum was brewing'i"1"*.r" for the past t0 days" (this was four

weeks after the n"t tthool had gone on strike)'

The Directo' or"t'-t'iarii[ i""'"d the following Press state-

ment: "The tragic ti'""^Ji" *t'ich has arisen in Soweto was entl-

; "il ; r ; ::' : :lir#rtk* ..,; :,T :n:i: "ff

3l ili' il;struction ln secono

unsound, and the ;:'"ft;t'ii"t Department knows this' For

months ,.p""""'io"s have b"""-t"dt by homeland leaders'

school boards "'a"o"tf'"''^Uoai"'' fftt nf ittn Teachers' Associ-

adon saw ,t " stt"'"j'; f";;;;" ra"t"'i"" on this issue late in

April. Yet no conciliatory statement *" ltt""a by the Minister of

Bantu Education #;;t";;w closed soweto schools'

"secondly, the pupil strikes in onL area which preceded yester-

dav's more wideip'ead demonstrariot'' "d "tb"q'"ttt rioting

*"r. du. largelv ;: ffit ;;;;G 9t the language m-edium issue

in one limited Soweto ""'' H"'e 'g'1"

*'^i'ig'l-g" and rePeated

requests fo, "tio'''Jt" igno'"a' Ihus causing rising tensron'

..Failure ro act wisely in time is th. pa*J.r"r"1f tht deaths

and iniuries' of destruciion of p'op""| L'J ' ""git disturbance of

;;H".:i"i#ur:1'"J;]:"f; responsibre guidance rrom the

i?ffI,'#;ff'|"pil'' apparentlv unaware of the suspension of

;'*;l*-'x,l1J":,t:'ii;rentrv r:* l'd bv rsorsisro who had

taken advat"'*t'li"'tt"ffii""' a'vt "i"rt"t" "'d had started:

looting. d all clinics in Soweto were"Putco susPended bus servrces an

closed. I in sympathy with Soweto

#;lt,n fffr?il"t"Tl'f il:: *;;JG" {*.': :'cown ship

Inastatem,.ni'Xn'aaDrTreurnii'tsaidihatinthewhiteareasof South Africa ;ilt"E;;*-t1' 1""ra

n"'" the right to decide

the medium "f i;t;";t'' " 't'"

d;;;";t"t supplies the build-

i;nlil *,'Jffi], ff"*[l;' Minister or Po]icej said that the

226

Government had not.expected the riots in Soweto to resurt fromthe schoor strikes againsi Af.ik;;;1, -.aiu- of instruction, and

$f:ffifl::li,. n"."ion was ,", i-:11,,

the c3y1e or the riots.asaone_m,,.";ffi :,:X.:?fi jIi:T,,J,.#..,:Y;*:i,:;.:j,,,X

Mr M c Botha, Minister "rn'"ii, Administration and Educa-tion' stated that at seven of the senior secondary schoors invorvedin the demonstratior, ,ri.y..;; ;;;;'rr"ght in Engtish onty, andthat at one high schoor

""iy """ .ru;e* was offered in Afrikaans.(It should be borne in mini ,trr, ,rri'""gh not directly affected bythe ruling at present, senior secondary and high schools wourdeventually be affected as the chirdrenlt presentat higher primaryschools prosress. In addition, ;;;; high school pupils havebrothers and sisters in the r"*..'.rrrr.r, *hi.h *.r.'"ft.ted bythe ruling, and svmpathised *itf, ,rl wished ro supporr rhemover this issue)' According ,o rur, norrra the equar treatment of thetwo officiar languages as entrenched in the constitution had to beconsidered and teachers wer^e ._ptoy.a under the explicit as_sumpdon that they.were proficient int*r, rr"g"*lr.'^r,,opposition members .r,.Jr"*.'rrre .esignation of the Ministerand Deputy Minister of Bantu aJ-nirr.rtion because of theirinept handling of rhe mamer.

..r:lt"rU"thelezi called for a conference of leaders ro resolve the

,! !":r, Rioting occurred at Alexandra township, Vosloorus atBoksburg and Kathlehong near C.._lrr.r, Mahlakeng in Rand_fontein, and again at KagiJo. Srua.rrt, ,i Turfloop protested at theshootings in Sowero, btit there ;;;;; damage ;".rh.;;;ersity.At Ngoyetr the administrarion u",ii"g. and ribrary were burntdo'*'n by protesting students. - ----"'t

Students at the University of the Witwatersrand and the medicalfaculty of the (Jniversity "rN"r"iir.ii pro,"r, marches. In Durban87 black students were arrested.

Mr John Rees and Dr Beyers Naude received orders warningthem to dissociate th"-..Irr., ;;;i;;y from the ,,situation ofunrest" and public ga-therings *".. f-t ibited untll Z, 1rr" i,terms of the Riotous Arsemi'lies Act.'-In a statement in parriament M. vo.rt.. said that law and orderw:r-e to be preserved at-any cost.Homeland leaders called for .rlm ,.rd an end to rioting. \ .l

Sowero leaders demanded ttrrt Anit"rrrs be dropped as medium

227

of instruction before they would co-operate in the setting up of a

".iil:ti,':T,,iJTJ:TTas sent'"ih: Prime Minister' and the

Minister of Bantu niliri*..,ion,_plvelopmenr and Education'

bv the Assistant Di";;;;';iihe sArRn' iii" South African Insti-

tute of Race Reratiorrr, d..pry .orr..rrr.dJout the violence that

has taken place in So*t'o' has instruc'ted me to appeal to you to

accepr the reasonabi:';;;;.; "irt'. arri.." p.opr" ihat th.eir chil-

dren should ut to"tJJ th'otlgh. :" *tiit'rn chosen- by their

;,;#".,;1,:ll"-":'fr :I,:'i"1T'*U:iyi:l',"Xni:.,4":toresent condttrons'

-rd. by responsibt"';;;' peopl9 t'" ""i t"3tcted out of hand

;;;;"tl with the power to make decisions'

"we realise, r'",L""i"";;';i;i;;tqt"" tnutt be considered in an

educational to"tt*tl;;; ; therefoie .take

the liberty of suggest-

ins how it might Ut?ttt""a on educational srounds'

;'w. ,"rp.ctfully submit.th" :!: .;;il"*ing p'i"tiples could

form the basis of an acceptable pottcy:

1. It is desirable that chiidren begin their education in their

,. il"jT';i1ilili' countrv such as South Africa' it is necessarv

that childrt" ;;i 'o o"t of the official languages as a

medium of instruction at some "'gt oi their schooling if that

, *m,::J:I;":HtJt":Ti'-'f:ff:id b' ''d'' and '[he

langu-

a ge mediumJnlHffi +!*:: ;'ud'*',ff t;t#':f;are matters which' in PrtncrPte'

parents or communities tnvolveo' I all chil-4.

'Both official il;;;thould be taught as subjects tt

:

,. iJT ',l:#:liff; te3ghing -anv

language' that ranguage

should bt the medium of instruction' ' ,'

"rheabovcprinciples-a1":9""1"-11ln"J*:f l"T:lJtHli::g*',rs;';:,$3.'IilJ"-."'';::il',d;;;'*'"o"'id""dby the cabinet' : as concerned as all other re--'.,I,

making our request, we art n of peace,

.,',,.',nsible so'*ifr'itJ"' to contribute to the restoratlol

;*t':j'*,il',f:i{;,,.1t::ilffi a copv or this retter to the

228

a

i€

I,Frt

o

Hon. the Minister of Bantu AdmEduction.,l.----aJrLr ur Dantu Administration, Development and

;!:;::,*i:':i-,r'J,j[: townships or the Rand died down, exceprDr Serma Browde was served with a warning order sim,ar tothose served on-the R;;;;;;J*o. and Mr Rees.Mr M c Botha met brack r;;;; in pretoria. A joint sratementwas issued saying that ,h; .;;;; o-ccurrences in Soweto werecaused by misund^erstanding qri"..rr1rrion.,, A meeting berweenMr Rousseau' Secretary fo-r Brntu rd.rcarion and braTt readerswas scheduled for Friday 2i Ir;;.

"21June: There *rr" n*i .rJ#"tr of rioting at Mamerodi, Atte-_ridgeville, Hammansk."d .;;- M;llKwa Thema, Daveyron, Duduza ,", *li{,:::rn:;:";,:;rT#:near Pietersburg and potgiei.*rrr ,"a at Sibasa and lTitrieshoek.,,r:fr;'J'Tr;t,T*:t "r""r p'ir.ip,ts was h;r;;;;which

a

Arrikaans,; ;.'j,'J# #lll?,f,:..ni,,-.;d*. ..,,pping orIanguage i.rr. *hi.h ;r; ,n. ;;t":rll: :?rr,il: j:i: :rrlT;::grievances were secondary.

Mr M C Botha irrr.J- I ,,ri.-.n, in which he said that therewould be regurar consurtatio, ili*..r, brack urban readers andwhrte authorities at which-vari"* g.i.rrn-ces wourd be discussed.22 June: Disrurbances.in Mamci"J,i"a'to further deaths, and there. was unrest in GaRankurva, where iigf, ,.tool studenrs demon_strared "in sympatl,y *itt, ir,or.'iili.l in the struggle.,,In the Assemblv yr,M c a",fr, ,rrlo thathe CJve.nment in_tended to decide wheth.er ,. ..plrf * 13end

rhe language rulingbefore schoors reonene.d. H" r.ii"orJi the previous sraremenr rharthe four senior ,..ordrry ,.fr."f, *ii-1,:h, did ;;; u," an*..", ,;;;,JJ *,1,,.*1the protestMr Kruger, MrnirlT.gf p"fi*,^p.r'lrla pofi." action in the riotsil!'t',1'.i'$.*.',,Ti;;::*$'i'-;rb.;i;;'ii",,in.aIn the United Nr.i^"r, S..rrity Council, Mr David Sibeko,Director of Foreisn

^+j;;;;;'i;ln,.rn Congress of SouthAfrica' r'ggr""i'hat bracks k;ii";;; ferow bracks in the riots ,were rh ose s us Deted,"f b.;;;' G" J.."rl_.", i nform ers.23 June: All remain.a qri.i-inlilill; trouble ,porr, althoyshthere were cases of ,.io, l, ,I;"";il._, and near Nelspruit(where a building at Ngweny;^i;;;., Training college was

rIs

t

229

fired). There was a minor outbreak of rioting at Jouberton near

Klerisdorp, involving schoolchildren'

Chief Kaizer Matanzima condemned the use of guns on stu-

dents, and called f";;;;;Peal of all discriminatory laws by the

South African Government'24 June: In Jouberton two buses were stoned by /sofsis and in

Lange,Cape Town, "potitt -*t'e.called.

in after a crowd surrounded

the iehicle of two Bantu Board officials'

ii 1r"r, itirty black leaders and educationists from Soweto met

Mr G J Rousseau, Secretary for Bantu Education' to discuss the

i"rgrrg. issue. Mr W C Ackerman' regional director'-was not

present at the meeting' A ;;;tt'ndumln the matter' originally

drawn up by ATAi'A" was presented by the joint^committee'

After the meeting the view was expressed that the Government

;;;;;.;"J r. tirit" ii' 'itit"a" o' th" enforcement of Afrikaans

as medium of instruction(In a subseq""", lttii"g *ltl members of the SAIRR staff' Mr

Dlamlense, ,..r.,r,, o"ia?nsa' said that at this meeting the fol-

lowing requests were made:

1. That all five .i,;;; i;;pectors and Mr Ackerman should be re-

moved fiom their Present Posts'

2. Thatelected -"-U"t' of the school boards who had been dis-

missed should be reinstated'

3. That a single medium of instruction should be introduced

immediatelY.MrDlamlensesaidthatATASAtotallydismissedtheM-inister,searlier statements 'Ucl"t

"confusion" over the language issue' He

said that th. *att", i,d btt" forced and referred to the department

circulars of 1974, which stated that social studies and arithmetic-*ur,

i" taught through the medium of Afrikaans')

25 June:Major outbrleaks of arson and rioting continued to occur

in various Parts of the countrY

The Broederbond's policy of getting more blacks to use Afrikaans

is set out at length iltht "tt"f citcrilar of September 1968 headed:

Afrikaans o, o Srrrni L'anguage for the .Bantu'

"Two years ago in our

monthly circular *. ar"-* tf,e atterrtion of mernbers to the import-

ance of ,ritrg af'ltt*"t " Bantu' That idea and the hints given

with it created *idt'ptt'd interest and have borne fruit' As a re-

,,r1, *or, right-thinking Afrikaans-speakers todaY' co{rcentrate on

addressing Brnt,, in Afrikaans wherever they meet tnem'

230

The circular added that blacks used seven ethnic languages andthat arter r00 vears orconract *;ill;;ii;ffi;:'il,l'*i,rn ,n.r.Ianguages were st,r grammaticrlly prr.. The Government,s aim

ili"r.,o.l;r,rT j;r.. ihat the Brrir'lrrg,,,.g" ..oi,,, iir"prr.. ormaintenanc."r,iffi :;1,','J"ii:r:3::.f ;;:::lTf J."-t,,};of Afrikaans is advocated, therefo.., i, _,rr, in no circumstancesbe seen as a move to replace the Bantu Ianguage with Afrikaans.Because of the requirement, of th. *iiorrl J.orio,,r, o""r,

".. i,continuous contacr with. white "_ftoy"., and co_workers. Aknowledge of one or both th. offi.iri ranguages is rherefore a re-quirement and both. these_ langurg., ,..-leairrt ln the fotto*irgtwo ways: (r) by using it i, .orrtr.t with whiter, 6i ifr.."gh in_struction at school from the first school year. '

\-/ v-^4v

"The contention is that the nrrrtu rrrrrt learn one of the officiallanguages as second -language. The oit ". om.ial language can be athird.language which rr! a3., ,or r.."rrrrily have to know as we,as the r.^.?-"d language. This second language must be Afrikaans

:.lq ,1. follo.wing arguments are given for this:"(a) By far the majority ofpeopr.l, th. Repubric speak Afrikaans(21/+ mlllion whites ptm ty, -iffi"r, Coloureds, that is :t4 millionagainst the lr/c million English_speake.s).(b) Bantu workers mak. d. -o.'. .orrrct with Afrikaans_speak_:tt,3. example in the.mines, industry, farming, commerce erc.(c) Bantu officials and reache^ -riify come in contact withA.frikaans-speaking officials rna prin.irrtr.(d) Expcrience has shown that Bantu hnd it much easier ro IearnAfrikaans than Enq-lish and ,h;; ;i,.; succeed in speaking theanguage purely, faultlessly

""d ;i;;;r an accenr. There are evenr few small Afrikaans_sp.rkirg Bantu communities.e) Both the lecturing a"d ,airi"lr,.lrive personnel at the threeBantu universities are almost f OOZ anif.";rr_rt";ki; " -

'f) Afrikaans is a language true ro South Africa which'for manyreasons can serve the peculiar requirements of *rlr.ouriri.tg) White hospital personnel arc mainly Afrikaans_s;;;'ki;g(h) The police, witir whom ,fr" grri, _ake a lot of conra*, area lmosr all Afrikaans-speaking.O The white personnel of th. Railways are predominantlyl frikaans-speaking. "

The circular then listed the progress already made towards.,. je;tablishing Afrikaans ", " ,..o.rd l"rgrrg. among blacks:

231

"(a) According to available figures about 372 million Bantu live

on white farms. tt .," bt "ttp"ttd

that a minimum of 3 million " '

use Afrikaans in contact with their employers' English is seldom

used on farms' :^- D^-r,r ri*,o in rrrh lorityO[i;;;il, + -luio' Bantu live in urban areas where a ma'

of the workers t r,.''' gtt>.d o"ea'onable knowledge of Afrikaans'

The ordinary El".,t,-t'7;il; knowledge of English is poor' It is

only domestic servants-i' E"gll'h ho""tholdt tf,at develop with-

out Afrikaans.(c) There are presently about 38.000 Bantu teachers in the employ

of the DePartmen, oi g""' Education' Of this large number it

can be said that:(i) Almost all can read Afrikaans'

--^L rr ^- .-L^^l crrh'(ii) About aOy" t"' 'l'o-*'ltt

it and teach it as school subject tn

PrimarY school'(iii) About 15 000 had Afrikaans as language up to Standard 8 and

'^--' ,p.rk and write at a fairly cultivated level'

(iv) About S OOtl tt'J""tp"ttt Afrikaans almost faultlessly'

(v) About SOO n"t'i' tt'cherc teach Afrikaans as a subject in sec-

''' o.rdrry school up to Standard 8 and matric'

(vi) While the majority of Bantu teachers speak English well' a

good knowr.ig" lr ar'lr""t has become a status symbol to

them.Unwittingly they make a contribution to the promotion of

Afrikaans among their own PeoPle'

(d) There .." ptt"""iy about 2^ million Bantu pupils taking

Afrikaans ,, , r.nJoi't"i:t" from Sub-standard A to Standard VI'

The quality "r,.rlili'i;;;;;"the teacher's knowledge of the

language ,.rd ,,"itt -flt".good

to poor' At the end of 1967 about

80 000 pupils *tltt Afrikaans as an examination subject for the '

Standard VI public e*'-' "'a about 907o passed; the standard is

about the same "fot aftitaans lower n f'nglish-medium schools' ''

(e) There are about 70 000 Bantu pupils tifi"S a1Y:::-" a high

school subject "'J it' 1967 zlOO0wrote it as examinadon subject

for the Junior Ct"int"t public exam and 707o passed' About

2 000 wrote it as a matric subject and 50% passed. At secondary

levels the sta.,dari'il;;;;;i i, tit " Afrikaans lower in white

schools'(f) In all primary schools.Bantu puPils learn' wherever possible'

iwo subjccts through Afrik-aans medium'

(g) Througt o.rr",.'noof aftit""s is a compulsory subject'

232

"F:"T the foregoing we can deduce that because of the Govern_ment's Banru education poricy, Afrikaans i. rr"*ir^t* surerygaining an important place."under the heading wat the Afrikaner shourd do to get A,frikaansinto fi.r* place after tie mother-ton"gue (Bantu ranguage)'rh.'.ir.,rrr.

stated:"(a) It must be stressed again that we musr speak Afrikaans toBantu servants, messengers, waiters, teachers, officials and every_body we conract. We can switch to English with the battlingGreek of shop assisrant, but not with the Bantu at the petrol pumpor hotel. It is not necessary for him to maintain frrgiirt-

-

(b) officials who communicate with Banru thro,igi -r,

inter-preter must use mainly Afrikaans. For the purpose "of .qrrt ,r.English can also be used, but mainly afrikrjrrr.'""! vr rYr

(c) In all circumstances use pure correct Afrikaans.(d)

,Provide simple pieces in Afrikaans" for your employees roread.(e) Let the Bantu understand in alr circumsrances that Afrikaans isthe language of most whites and arso the most important whires.,,In circular 3/70/71 Broeders were once again urged to makeAfrikaans the second language of bracks: "It musr be our aim toestablish Afrikaans

"r. ,.-rJ language among as many Bantu aspossible." The following year (cilcul"ar 3/71r71) a cail went our toall Broeders ro donate books to black schools. ;a gooJ ,.r.rb.r,,of Afrikaans books were received. ,,If there are .rif _"r"^a"rr_tions the nearest inspector of Bantu education must be contacted.Members are also requested to use their influence to p..rr"i" .__ployers to make Afrikaans reading -rrr., like newspapers andmagazines available. to their emprJyees. The Bantu are increas-ingly becoming reade.rs of English n.*rprp.r, and magazines, andwe can make a contribution io change ihis prttern.,,'o---^^-

It is clear from these circulars thrith. Broederbond was dercr-mined to establish Afrikaans among blacks. Every ,rr.rrr."*r, ,obe used' The schoors were of .o,r.!. ,h" n,or, important means,especially as the Department of Bantu Education with so manyBroeders in its ranks .Ias a willing partner in the exercise. Theprocess of enforcing Afrikaans i, J.hools, which ,t".t.a-rio*ty,was accelerated in the mid_1970s and the scene *;, ,;; fo, th.clashes which followed. No wonder an almos, pr"i.ty ,i_or_phere existed in Broederbond ranks during the long-drawn+udriots.

233

The petrol bombs which destroyed part ofJan van Riebee* pti-

rnrry ,.hool on September 9 - ttre oliest Afrikaans school in the

."""r.y - gave the message loud and. clear' The Broederbond

E*.c,rtirr. iir.rrr.d the riJts at several meetings. Meetings be-

tween the Executive and Cabinet Ministers were held on a regular

basis to keep the members informed' A meeting between the

Broederbond Executive and Broederbonders who were chairmen

and officials of Bantu Administration Boards also took place (cir-

cilar 119176). "The Executive wishes to thank members who

work in the Bantu administration boards'

"It is clear that their work and that of other people during the

riots was done in difficult circumstances and that more under-

,rrrrairrg is needed. Reports, letters.and.comment in the Press seek

I. p"iirr. blame f- 6; riots on the shoulders of the Bantu Ad-

ministrationBoards'TheExecutiveiscertainthatthisisnotthecase. The E"ecutire makes an appeal to members not to erode the

i*rg. of the Boards, but rathei 1o improve that image'"

The first step was to try to dispel the notion that Afrikaans was

the main irrr".prrkirg oif tht ri'ots' This was essential from their

own point of l,i.* 6..,t"t neither the Broederbond nor the

Government could ,rr-a to carry the blame. on July 7 7976 the

Broederbond Executive reported to members: "The Executive is

deliberating with friend. it' t"'po'sib-le circles (Cabinet Ministers)

and therefor. ro nrli.o**t'i or information can be given at this

stage. Apart from information in later newsletters the Executive

wishes to make these Points'"The Minister of Barrtt' Education's statement on Afrikaans as

teaching medium, issued on Friday June 18' must be thoroughly

considered. Among other things he said the policy on the medium

of teaching has reiain.d ""i'"ged since 1955' namely mother-

:

tongue ed"ucation in primary sch"ools and the two official langu-

,g.I o, a 50-50 b;; i" "to"d"y schools' Recently new curricula

" '

wereintrodt..drrr,."'ltof*hithStandard5becomesthefirstyear of secondary school, with the instruction in the two official

irrrgrrg.t in subject-teaching'"In practice the state of afiairs regarding th-e use

-of English and

Afrikaans is far removed from the principle of equality' On secon-

dary level th. ,rr"rrg. is close 'o

iso/o in favour of English' The

orty ,,rUj..t which iorn"' near equality is mathematics in Form

Three. The permission of the deparrment ^is "E:.t*'Y

where

;;;;i; want to deviate from the piinciple of equalitv' This is in

234

cases of non-availability or lacf. 9f qualifications of teachers. Thedepartment has cerrain responsibilities in its approach to the mat-ter and cannot slmpry grant any request. The equar treatment of:*JrH:"cial

ranguages is entienched in tr,. soiii-ani..., Cor_"The alleged feering against Afrikaans^can hardry be the onlyreason for the demonstrations. At seven of the schools which tookpart in the demonsr_r1li?"r, ,rb;..i. are taught only in English.,,On September 1 1.976, .i..ri.. *1, ,.nt ro branches, based oninformation received n"- tt.-rurirrirr., of Bantu Education andother officiars. It stated .-phrti.fi,.The rerarive unimportanceof resistance ro a t.r.hirg'm;;i;;i" two subjects, resrricred roone Bantu area, must not"be;udged *irhor, .J".ii.rl.g the sys_temadc and determined creatlorli, nir.r. ir.*..:iil:,. which

11 O*i. in progress fo. , .o*iderable time throughout thecountry'" But later in the circular ti. Exe.utive admits that thefirst phase of the .io,r root fi;;il; the 50-50language poricy,rfl1r,5;lnloited

," ,,o6trir. ,r,ri..,*, pupits and pi.ents toThe Broederbond action in washing its hands of responsib,ityror the languase irru. *r, iJt;ffii;?trhr, [, irr"il."#f.Ts in in_fluential posittns all overil.;;;;;. aro,,., the Minister and hisdeputy came deniars thar an*rr"r'i'r, ,rr. cause of the riots. Thisline was fo,owed by ,h.B;;;;;orli-.orrro,ed South AfricanBroadcasdng Corporation, Bantu aJrrrirrirrrrtion Boards and Sec_tions of the Afrikaans press.

The fact of the matter is, however, that virtually a, the demandsthat pupils, parents. and teache* ;lil on the issue of Afrikaanshad to be met bv the ,"rt,".iii.r ;;;;". to defuse the issue. MrAckerman, th. m, who senr;;;;;;.ular enforcing Afrikaans,had to be rransferred with a-ori rri, ."rrr. staff of cir'criiir.p..-tors' and the risorous enforcem.", oi inikaans in brack schoorshad to be dropp'ed.once that was settred, the Broederbond Executive notifiedmembers that strong porice action *.",a be taken to restore rawand order. In the .li.rtr.

"r i.pi._f.Ir, ;, reporred: ,,During arecenr meeting with a friend i, , ..rponsible positio, ilil..r_.clear thar, depending, on

.the a*.toi,i,"nt of foreign *,rri"rll,considerably increased action can be'"*p..t.d in the interests ofthe resrorarion of law and ora., ir-itr.L townships, especialyiin jSoweto. In this connecdon th. f*.*tirr. *rnr, to stress that our

235

black population is substantially different from the white

Westerner. especially in terms of respect '"t

n":t:l-]lt^t::,:,: '"d,,rorg action. It hm btto-t urgently necessary to give concluslve

proof to the ,rr. -ffiiy "f io"-iiotins blacks of the Govern-

ment's will andir,p;'*-"to maintain law i'nd order in everybody's

interest. The unruly element will have to be struck down hard and

;;;i;;t b"for. a lon g-term P ro g r.amm: ofpeaceful adj ullments

can be executed. s".n Ia:rr,;""; include effective responsibility

for.local self-go.'.,nm""i i" black communities and especially for

the maintenance "i i;; and order in their own townships' We

must accept that the;;;;;; and methods which their own police

will use among,h";;;;;;ofle will.sometimes be different from

those of a white .o--rrrity. we will not always force our norms

on them. We want to call on our members to cultivate an under-

standing that the ';;';;;;i';'.;1 is different from w.l11s in his

view of violence ,;;;";;and this must be kept prominently in

mind. It will b. '"ii;"ftating in the.present situation to keep on

,ri"g *f.t which f" bt appfied-to a homogeneous Wester,n com-

munity where ,h;';;; gt"erally resPect;'" The Broederbond

was thus pr"pui,tg'it' tt""Jttt.r"J '.tii"." which could not be rec-

onciled with Western democratlc behavlour'

Hundreds "f peoplt were detained without trial' and on

October 19 1977,t"i'ifv in' WoM andWeekend World' mass cir-

culation blr.k,.*ffitl'' *t" banned' Their editor' Percy Qo-

boza, was d.tri,,.J *ith members of the Committee of Ten' in-

cluding its chairml";;; rt'roir""'' After months in jail they were

,.l.rri without being charged'

The positio ^ ";

i;; wo'timaoften been discussed at Broeder-

bond meeti.rg, ,,,j in circulars' They were watching its progress

and directio, ,"'f t"tf'ffy' fully aware that it was a powerful

vehicle for anti-Government propaganda' The Broederbond was

also concerrr.a .Uo"' the fact tt"i it was an English-language

newspaper, ,.,tt'Lg Ut'cks English. instead of Afrikaans' In the

September 1e68 .#L;;il;;;;Arbond Executive showed itself

more worried about the language issue because it classed The

woild thenas ..a moderate newspaper which is not antagonistic to-

wards tt. Co"tt""'*''" the editor then was the moderate Mr

Monasse rur..rr".,'r*, ,eplrc.d by the outspoken. Mr Qoboza

who gave -",.';;;;;-io political it*'' This development dis-

turbed the Broedel[o'a t"d 'h"

Government and led to the ban-

ning order'

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Tfle.circular stated that The world's increasing circulation couldresult rn:

(:) A" English-reading black communiry in urban areas.

9l ^ majority of deviroped blacks accepting English as secondlanguage.

(c) The habit of reading newspapers, folrowed by an increasedinteresr in English books.(d) English once again rising as a powerful language in SouthAfrica, with Afrikaans as a minor and less ,igrifi.-rriirgrrrg..

It listed the following details of the circuri'tion gro;ii-of rh,World:"(a).Six years ago it was The Bantu world with two editions aweek at one cent a copy and a circulation of 22 000.(b) Six years ago the nam. was change d to The worrd andit be-came a daily (small format) of 16 pagJs. Since then the circulationhas grown to 90 000 a day ('Tranrrotri ZS O0O, Vaderland 60 000, DieBurger 50 000 - round figures).(c) Today The World^ir ,"h: fourth biggest English daily behindThe Cape Argus, the Rand Daily Mail1nd The Star,(d) Shortly The world will arsoitart a Sunday edition caned week-end world and it will probabry start with a circulation oi io, oooand the readers will all be Bantu.,'

. . The banning of The World, therefore, did not come out of theblue. The newspaper's progress, influence and political line werecarefully studied .,ot orrly Ly the Minister of Justice, fr^.li__y

Kruger, and the securiry police but also by the g.o.d.rbo'rrd.The international effect-of a possibre banning was carefulry .or-templated and weighed. In the end the hope th"at taking rir'wortdoff the streets would help to restore law and ord"". *r, th.clincher. The international and internar outcry was fierce but oncethe Government crossed the bridge there was no going back.

1. Sunday Express, lunc 20 1976.2. 'fhe World, January 3 1975.3. Hansard, Mav 5.4. Ibid. May 6'5. Ibid., No 5, Col401.6. South African Institute of Race Relations7. Urban Bantu Council.

237

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8. West Rand Administration Board'

9. Hansard, No 19, Col 1185'

10 Ganqsters.11. Uni-versity of Zululand camPus'

12. The Progiessive Reform Partv'

i;. Ai.i;;i""chers' Association of South Africa' ;

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14 sports poticy

The South African Governnlent's new sports poricy announced in197f is an outstanding exampl. oiho* the Broederbond influ-ences Government policy. It is also an example of how theorgan_isation can operare, ,beneficia,v,

-r-ai"g *t,rtion,

'irr.orgr, iothink-tanks and enabling its indue"ii"r -"-uership to enrightenAfrikanerdom as a whoie.

" The present sports p:]i:l represents a complete somersaulttrom whar ir was from 1e4d to ilzr. nigia ,p.;;;;;i.ta r,rabeen applied since the Nationrlirt, ."-" to power. As in alr otherspheres of life, segregarion applied in sportsfields, searing andclubs. All over the wo.ld Uof.ortr: J South African sporrsmen

#::|?:;::tTti::lJ::13.-"li-,,'r*1,,::lrf ;il:Tcritical point when on-septemb er'4 l965Dr Verwoerd, addressinga meedng at Loskop Dam, closed the door fi-rmly ." ; ;iJ;by anAl]-Black team (New Zeaiand) *hi.h-irr.lrded Maoris.He said: "Our standpoint is-that;rrt-r, we subject ourselves toanother country's customs and tradltions without flinching, with-out any criticism and cheerfully, so do we ."p".; ;;:,*h",another country sends reprer.rrriiu*o us they w,l behave in thesame way, namelv not involving themselves in orr. ,ilirr, ,rrathat they wilt adapt rhemselves ;: ;;;;"rtoms.,,nny doubts about the speech in Nationalist ranks were removedthree days later when the Ministe; ;i;. Interior, Senator Jan deKlerk, issued a lenothy clarifying ,*._.r,. A mixed New Zea_land ream would

"iot b. allowed]

It was like fuel on the fire of international sports boycottsagainst South Afric-a,and arthough th. .orntry's isolation in thisfield grew almosr daily the rh." ;Iil;;;. of th.Interior, Mr p K leRoux' said the Government would remain "inflexibre and im-movable" in enforcing the principre of no mixed sport in SouthAfrica.r - r-- "'A new Department of Sport was created with a former rugby

239

Springbok centre, the rather inept politician' Mr Frank Waring' as

its first Minister. dt;;;" that such. a department could over-

come the isolation *" iA!'n"wever' btt""t there was no politi-

cal change. r :d DrAlthoigh the new Prime Minister' Mr Vorster' revlewe

verwoerd's policy :i;N; vr'o'i'"; he was adamant on local

sDort - cach colour ;'";;tilrt had to be practised and adminis-

::'".i ;*;,"i, :" ^"

r'* *"t' Iater he toid Parliam::j:":i' ::1:South Africa there will not be mixed sporting events' irrespectrve

of the proficiency oitf'" p'*icipants' On this there can be no com-

Dromise, negotlatlont o' 'b'nionment

of principle'"3t'ili,u;;;,;, J.r."l"J t'i' g""" light for ihe inclusion of Maoris

in the All Black ,iat Uy ""tiig:

"Ou' standpoint has all along been

that as far as the Springbok side is to""""d it is a white side' It

has always u."" olt^'l' "a tf" fact is that when the first New

Zealandr"rrn .'-t tt'i " Scl"th Africa \n 1928' I am reliably told

that there *"r. ,t"""t";'r;;t in that side of Maori blood' They

Came out to South Af,i.,, they were accepted, the same as all the

other PlaYers were accePted'"

The backla,h fto; liis own Parliamentarv caucus and right-

wing Afrikr.r.,' *-"-'trong' They saw it " a Ot-tli:'::,3:i'?-tVerwoerd's granite policy"and a step towards sport integrauon'

But there *r, "l'oto"ft"io'' - some thought Maoriswould not be

allowed and otherJ;;;;"y would' Acc"ording to J H P Serfon-

teina the firrt .o'fio"i'irt" ttt*t"t'- Mr Vorster and the Hertzog

group, who were ;;;, -oppottd

to the inclusion of Maoris'

took place in the-t""" i' Febtuary 7967 ' After the meeting Mr

Vorster .r*-o'J " f i' office lvti ;aap Marais and Mr Willem

Delport, " ro.t""ititr"gt^"5 rugby ft"t'' both staunch Broed-

ers. He wanted ,o tro*"if there would bt "y obJec11o1 in prin-

ciple agains, ft"rai'ig'tttt oiftpit C'-"' i" io"th Africa and' if

not, what *otla Ut-tf" ob1"ttio" to Maoris in the All Black team'

Serfonteins says Mr Ma'ais "*p'""td some concern but said he

would give his objections in writing' But Mr Vorster decided to

discuss the matter again in the caucus and he addressed them for an

hour. Mr Marais 'ia f'f' Basie van Rensburg oPP?t'td'the new

policy while D';i;; K;o"'t'or "'d othtt' t"p"poitta it' Here' for

the first ,i-., *"'l it"p-ai"itlon in the Broederbond ranks'

A deputation of 13 MPs went to see Mr Vorster' They were Dr

Connie Mulder, Dr Johannes Otto' Mt"" J"p Y'''1iq' Jannie de

Wet, Joos Ie Rou", Witt"- Cruywagen' Jolan En$elbrecht' Ben

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Pienaar, Bret van Wyk, Jan van Zyl, Willem Delport, Chris Sadieand AdvocateJimmlz Ki,rg.r. a..o.airg ," M; il;;rii'fur. Vo._ster said neither Bas, D'oiiveira nor the Maoris would be a,owedto visit South Africa in sporting reams but the.,h;;,;; the ex_ception of Mr van Zyl, denied"it. Mr Vorster rode out the stormand ar the next caucus meedng his policy *r, ,.."fr.;. ;;, it wasone of the direct reasons for ihe H\p sprit which arso shook theBroederbond (see Chaprer 11).The divisions in.th..party and the.Rond were probably thereason Mr Vorster decided to "sacrific"" ..i.k.t th. rrr.*"r"fr., ,,

"commenrator put ,it. By trying to save rugby _ *rirrly ,,Afrikaner game - by. allowing ti.-iarori, to tour, he created astorm in rightwing circles. HJ probabry felt he had to barance itwith some strons-arm action in another direction, hence a blunderwhich ro't So'tt Africa i" i.r.-riio.rr ..i.k.t ties. Bas, D,ori-veira' a coloured cricketer who left Sorth Africa because in termsgf fe golicy he could never prry ro. t i, fatherland, was includedin the Mcc team to tour South Africa. To a cheering Free stateNationalist co,ngress Mr vorster announced that D,oriveira,s ser-ectron was politicrl .:9 nor acceptable. The MCC i_*.airr.tycancelled rhe rour and in 1920 staieJ ,hr, ,ro further rest matcheswould be played between England and South Africa unt, cricketin the Republic was played -""rri.r;;,y and teams were selectedon merit.South Africa's sportsmen were now armost totally isorated. Thecompetitive spirit so essentia] for good performanc., *r, dying aslow dearh in many sports. BriilLnt sporrsmen, capable of per_formances which .orld brirrg ,rri.."rri"rrf fame to South Africa,had to remain home or return home from abroad unable to com_pete because of the boyco*s. Another link with the outside worrdwas cur - and the vouth of South Africa lost a dimerrrior l, tfr.tt:i.: - not being rbl. to,r.i""-A.ifrl frigfr"r, reward in SouthAfrican sport, the coveted green and goia sp.irgbok blazer. In thelong run the effect on rhe !"rr,, fJi?.rlly'as #ll, .o,riJl. rr.g_gering. Something had to be d.;.

--"-""

Enter the Afrikaner Broederbond.The Broederbond, always alert and sensitive to issues, was pick_ing up signals from its urr, ,r.r*ort oi'U.rrr.fres that sports srag_nation could have vasr social and politicar imprications. But it wasin a dilemma because, more than ,ny oil., body, it was responsi_ble for the apartheid policy which ilal"Jrrr"-..r;;.;;;rrr"drr,

241

dead-end. Its first effort was merely an attemPt to boost morale of

f.i..rt.. June 2 1g7O). "The latesi developments in international

lp"t, tfr"* clearly that there is a persistent campaign to isolate our

.orlrrrry as much as possible' It is also clear that the issue is not

mixedi.r-, ,rrd prrii.ipation, but the destruction of the existing

order in South Afiica. Ii.r., easily happen that our young people

will get the wrong impression of the events because they do not

.eaLsle the full imp-lications or perhaps attach an exaggerated value

i.-rp.., Therefore ,"yb"dy who has anything '" do.with vouth

muit try to bring the true'issue before them' Teachers' school

principais, lectureis, youth leaders, sp-ort administrators etc' must

"rp..lrtty give attention to this' The Executive's sport committee

will in due course make a memorandum available to branches' but

meanwhile you must consider what you can do in this connec-

tion."Mr Vorster now felt freer to move' The 1970 All Black tour was

a spectacular success and the Maori players-in the team became

some of the most popular. Nothing iam. of the threatened boy-

cott by rightwingirr. I., th" 1970 general election the new Her-

stigte irlaslor"l. irrty was routed "'d.'U

four of its MPs were de-

feited. Many HNp candidates lost their deposits despite their hav-

ing exploited "sport integration" to the maximum' Clearly the

.lJ.toot. wa, fri *o.. ..Idy to accept change than even Mr Vor-

sterhadsuspected.TheBroederbondalsosurvivedthesplit

"*orrg it, .tri*r.ts' The leadership managed to keep the organis-

ation intact.It was in this climate that Mr Vorster and the Broederbond got

together to discuss a new sports policy' It was a clever move on his

prit, b..",rse by using the organisation to draw up the new policy

he also tied it to the consequences and staved off the expected

backlash from the rlght. n"tiially the Broederbond choice was be-

tween total sports irilatio., - which the country could not afford -and openingih" doorc for multiracial sport which.could spark off

, ,ighi*iriresult. The latter road was^dangerous but a calculated

.irk"hrd tJe taken' Its first step was to call a two-day conference

of all Broeders involved in sport' The only way out of an impasse

*r, ,o try to derris. a ,y,,"* of merit selection - but one arguably

based on seParate develoPment'The resuli of the deliberations was then discussed and reformu-

lated by the Broederbond's expert committee on sPort on which

therightwingDrAndriesTreurnichtwaschosentosErvesoaSto

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t rie him ro the decisions. The Broederbond Executive furtherloaned the n9w policy ,r,d ,..rt i;; M, Vorster for approval.The Broederbond,i biggest trrk *r, now to get rank_and_filebacking from the -.-U.II, ip f", ifr. ..volutionary new policy interms of National party thinking. on Apr, 11971it senr our aseries of newsletters. The first ,.,r', d.rigred to make the Broedersrealise how serious the onslaught *"r.

"Sport and the pr,esent Onslaught against South A"frica,,A study documenr.on this subject iih...by senr ro divisions. It hasbeen made available by the Sio.t CoL_i*... you ,.. ."lr.rt"dto consider how its conrenrs ian be made public _ y"* lr.r. atalk by school principals o. t.r.h.., i.r-pri_r.y and high schools, atalk to Rapportryers or other public bodies (youth organisations,sports clubs, etc) are methods that can be used. you shourd notmention the studv document. The contents can be rephrased andgiven as the speaker', o-n ihoug'h-rt"pr"rr. do not read the docu-ment in public. (It will ,..* ,ty strange if people ,11 orr.. th.country suddenly appear in public with t*he ,"_. io.r'r_.rrtt;"It has been arranged that a ,..i., of"rticles on alrr.r.rri.rp..t,of sporl will appear over the next month s in Haidhaf'rn. .orr-tents of the present paper w,r be enrarged upon in those articres.You are requested to read the series ,J u.irg it to the attention ofinterested parties.,, Under the heading Sport and politics the firstcircular stated: ,,'W'e have always Uetieieainr, ,po., ,t o,rtJrrot U.mixed with politi.r:

- rld poiiri., musr be kept out of sport.Throughout the world, ho#.r.., *.irnpo.rrnce of sport in inter_national affairs, for the prestige of countiies and the pr"-"ii", .ra cause' has come strongry to the forefront and politics are drawnmore and more into sport.

"That the two issues can no longer be separated is obvious fromrecent devel0pments on the intern"ational and the nadonar rever. . .It is very clear that our enemies h-ave gained much courage fromtheir success (in isolating South ani.ri'. . They are fu, of confid-ence rhat sports isolation will help ,o b.i.rg irr" *i*r-tl'theirknees ...". . . a total of 500 million p-eople participate in sport . . . andsport has indeed become , *oild po*"..,,The newsletter made it clear tt rt rf-t courd be of much varueto the youth in strengthening nationri*a inrernational ties, crept_ :ing fitness and a heaithy ,r,Ln - n.;;;;;.y for narional prepared_

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ness leading to the useful spending of free time and a spirit of com-

f.ii,i"*"tl. But there *a, also the inevitable warning to appease'the

uerkrampfes. "There can be no deviation from our traditional

p"ji.v oi ,iprrr,. development' The maintenance of identity of

each nation must be p..r".,,.d ' ' ' No concession or compromise

which can lead to r,rixed sport internally may be made'" , .

These points are also stressed in the document entitled Sports

fotlry ,irlulated at the same time, but it must have been clear that

the new policy was opening the door to mixed sport' no matter

ho* -.rih emphasis *r, gi"'to the "multinational" aspect'

The document stated: "iht E*tt"tive has given much attention

in recent months to sports policy, especially the relations between

white and non-whit.' tvt.,"otanda fiom divisions and members in

sports bodies hrr" b.", received and studied' A fruitful two-day

-."tirg between a greet number of members in different sports

controlling bodies oi", th" whole country rvas held recently' and

committees from their ranks submitted to the Executive a number

"i i""a.-"ntal policy formulations for consideration'"

And then the Executive told the members that the Cabinet had

,.."fi"a the Broederbond policy and that a statement could be ex-

f..,ia soon. "The Executive has considered these policy- formula-

tions and submitted them to friends in responsible circles (cabi-

net) and it i, e*p.cted that the formulations will be contained in

official Gor...r*.rrt statements in the coming days or weeks'

Through this document the Executive wants to inform members

about t"he policy which it submitted to these friends'--;ifr" p.irr.iprt formulation " ' is a signpost ratherthan a map' It

does not have to be made public o. implemented in all its aspcts' In

many cases the -rri*,'- delay, in accordance with our eventual

aimr, i, desirable. As soon " th" policy has been decided ot:1o,

concession or .o*p.o-ise should^bt '"dt'" The first aim of the

,por* policy is given as "the maintenance of the white population

in South Africa ;h;;gh and within the policy of separate ''

develoPment."The principle of the sports policy was based on the "nations"

,pp.or.h allowing fot ihe different.ethnic groups to compete

,!'rt"t, .rch oth.r"- the so-called multinational approach' At the

international level South Africa would not Prescribe the. composi-

tion of overr.rr,.r*rt in other words these teams could be multi-

racial. There *orrld, however, be no mixing on club, or provincial

level. The ptrr, .rr,rlrrged the establishmeni of a lpcirts council to

244

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co-ordinare- all sport in South Africa and implemenr the new pol-icy. It clearly aimed at purting contror in the hands of the Broed_ers. "'where the controf of mJst sports is not in the hands of welr_dispos.ed people, abuses and embarrrrr-.rr, can be created.,, Thecouncil wourd consist of a full-time executive of not more thanfive people; in order to secure contror of the council the executivewould be nominated and, not elected. Clearly, th. fvfirri.t". wouldnominate a council of ,,well_disposed,, people. A. i;;;;;rdonal

sports complex wourd be built rnihe white aiea in such a *"y th"t"friction" between the races could be eliminated.When the former prime Minister, Mr Vorster, disclosed the

::I:1",r,t, policy towards the end of April 1971 inparliament, itrorrowed armost to the letter the Broederbond plan. Some of thephrases he used were armost exactly ,rr" ,r-. as in the secret Broe-derbond document-The Broederbonders meanwh,e moved swiftry to get controlof as many sporting bodies as possible. professor Hannes Bothabecame chairman oithe South ani.r, a*ateur Athletil, u.,ro.,,

Td M: Rudolph Opperman chairman of the South AfricanOlympic Council. A few years earlier rrroth". Broeder, MrJanniele Roux, had becom. pr"rid.rrt of the Tr;;r;JR"";r'uo".a rrraDr Danie craven had to stave off a challenge no- fr.o.J.. xob*Louw. In sports adminstration, Broeders"like former Sf.ingbokrugby caprains, Avril Malan, Johan Claassen, Dawie de Villie.s,MP, and Hannes Marais madJtheir presence felt. Former Spring_boks Butch Lochner, piet (Spiere; dir toit, Mannetjies no-,lr rrraITillem Delport, Mp, are also membe.r. So are profess or Fritzllofl president of the Northern Transvaal Rugby Urriorr, tvt.!!.": Strydom, Free State rugby boss, Sid Kfngsley, formerNorthern Transvaal rugby p..ril..rt, and professor Charles Nieu_woudt, new athleti., .hi.i. At orr" rirg" th"r" was a Broederbondmove to oust Morn6 du..plessis as Springbok rugby captain be_cause he had been "angricised" and was not a Nationalist, butnewspaper publicity frustrated this.

The Minister of Sport, Mr Frank Waring, of course not aBroeder, was extremeiy uncomfortable trying-to explain the newpolicy in Parliament. At one stage Mr vorster had to intervenepersonally because Mr-l'aring *"d. , mess of it. Mr Waring Ieftthe Chamber in a huff. The i"hol. .;";;;; ."^*i,.r,'rfr.'i.r,.,was based was foreign ro him, and he clearly did not ,rJ.lg,ruathe intricacies of the Nationalists, .,multinationalism,,.

Worse still

245

was that the policy had already been accepted by the Broederbond

and Broede, CrUir"t tuti;t;.; by the time he was Presented with

it. When Mr Waring g;'l"f'lly'retired' a top Broedsl' p1 Piet

Koornhof, *r. rnrd3 Ifrit'i"t' of Sport' The iecretary of the de-

prrr-.", is Mr Beyers Hoek, also a Broeder''-i., j,rrr. 1973 the two Broeder sports chiefs' Professor Hannes'

Botha and Mr Rudolph Opperman' persuaded ttrg Sout! -ljr,tc.1

Ofyr"pi. and Nation't C"tttt Association to appoint a commlttee

to investiga,. ,rt. ..i'ilishment of a sports council ':-:ry11.:1""t *

the Broederbond tp"tit pclfity' The other requirement in.the se-

cret circular - the .,i'Ufitnt"*t of a nationalipotts complex - is

still very much ." ii" t"as as far as the Government is concerned

and will probably b; i;;it-tnted..as soon as finance is available'

The Broederbond pl"' " outlined by Mr Vorster. was n::

prr*i *irhorr, ,".ir,,"t' Rightwingers in the organisation saw rt

as the first step ,o*"at mufiiracial sport' Dr Piet Koornhof and

Dr Andries rr..,,'iJt 'ddtt"td ' '"iit' of regional Broederbond

meetings to allay ,t*'" it"t' From the secret circular of October

t97l \tis clear that some branches were very ulhappy' "Some -!.i1--

isionsdidnotCommentbecausetheyreuardeditasunnecessarylnthe light of the faci that the policy-was fiubhcly stated'before they

received th. ,t.rdy dol'-tt'i and they were not consulted prior to

the announcement."Although almost all the divisions which commented sup-

por,.J the"policy' th"y ttp"tially emphasised the following:

"4.1 Concern o"tt-it" tot"ti implementation of the "nation

basis" of the PolicY' ,ght be-+.2 Anxiety that the policy of separate development mr

come diluted because of 'pottt "concessions"'

4.3 Vigilance must be 'tiot'g against mixing after sports games'

mixed audi.rc.,, f;;s;;;i";:'#ditio'i"g of whites towards in-

i.gtril.", mixed part;ipation on the local level etc'

4.4 The fear,triif'" ti'"rts policy opened the door slightly and

might be the thin end of the wedge' :d sports

4.5 The urgent necessity of strong control by a nommate

council'"The Executive then stressed that it did not draw up the policy

under pressure' that no concessions were made and that the policy

was "the l.gi.i-;;;t"q""t" of the policy of separate de-

velopment on th; sports ievel' A consisteni policy had tg be drawn

up to eliminate ,d hot decisions which cieated prbbl'ems' "Be-

246

cause the administration of mosr sports is in the hands of peoplenot. well-disposed towards the Afrikaner idear and Governmenrpolicy, they could often create problem situations and cause em-barrassment." It advised Broeders to refer to "multinationar,, in-stead of "mixed', sport.The Executive also sent all branches a Nationar party document

": il: sports policy, evidently to reassure them that ,r,L f.rry *r.ob_ediently following the Broeder plan.In the administrative report ,o ,h. 7972 Bondsraad meeting.the

issue was once again discussed. "The fact that control of mostsports is still in non-Afrikaner hands has resurted in our not beingable to have a positive influence in all places. The Executive onceagain

.wants to appeal to Broeders to exert themselves to placewell-disposed Afrikaners in control of sport. Sport exerts an im-portant influence on competitors . . . and it is our duty in this wayto eliminate wrong influences on young Afrikaner .o_p.rirorr.,,..Jhir ".pp:.rl

is repeated in the Sept.rribe. 1 1973 r....i .i..r,..."$7e as Afrikanerss h a r e i n ;. ;;;;; H:; ff :? ! ilj"l::r,,::. :?ifl :ffi|:"1 :, * _The^correct implementation_o-f o-ur sports policy is endangered bythe foreign control of several kinds of spoit." Lirt, of spoits clubscontrolled by "Afrikaners andlor well-iispos.d p.opt.5i*... irr-cluded to enable Broeders to support th.-. ,,trrihi, *ry *...r,help friends (Broeders) to advise yo.rrg Afrikaners who come tothe city on where they should li.ri ,rp.;,

- -Among the clubs were Kimberley, tlnnis,police CIub and South

African Railways Club, pirares ,rJ poh.. (open club) ; port Eliza_be.th,

-rugby, tennis, baseball, park Club, and tennis, Diaz Club;Florida, tennis, Van der hoven park; pretoria, Lynnwood Tennis91"P, Pretoria Sports Federation (pretoria rugby crub incruded),Oudstudente Sport U^nio.n

.(rncluding OostJikes rugby club),Sonop Tennis Club, Capital park BJwls Club, pr.tJrli NorthBowls club; Belluille, Bervire Rugby crub, Bellville AthreticsClub and Bellville Tennis Club.

The need for Broederbond and "welr-disposed,' Afrikaner con-trol of sport organisations is a recurring theme in the secret docu-ments' 'Jwe 26 1976:."A survey just ctmpleted among divisionsshows that our members ..rd ,igirt_thinking Afrikaneri ,r. AiAythin on the ground in the admlnistratior, -of

the various sports.Your own survey would have shown this weakness. What is yourdivision going to do to ensure that young Afrikaner sportsmen do

247

not come under the wrong influence' and that right-thinking

Afrikaners 1.rot ,r...rrarily"members of our organisation' the

youth organisatio" -;;

R,;portryers) get the support ihey de-

serve?" February 21977: ii'o*'an investigation it appears that

,i... it ,rot erorgh interest among members in the teaching pro-

fessionintheactionor,n.schools"rugbyadminstratorsintheirre-;;;;. areas. The result is that few members (Broeders) are

elected on the .o*-i*ttt of their schools rugby councils' This

was. the reason why only one of o-ur members was elected to the

committeee of the S"",f{ African Schools Rugby.Union' The SA

Schools representaiJ. rn'V shortly become ift'll rnt-ber of the

iA n,rgUyBoard with voting powers' At the present time it is es-

sential that as -rrry *ttt-dflpot"d people as possible be put in

executive Posts."- ifr. same circular complains that delegates often fail to vote ac-

cording to instructio,,'' 'ilt also happenJ that with the election of

the SA Schools Committee during -raven Week instructions are

[i"* tt anybody, say a manager, to go and vote' Such a delegate

does not ,ror" ,..orJi"g to inltructions' It is our duty to see that

the SA Schools Co*-i"tt is manned by well-disposed people so

that the schools .rr, ,lro exercise their voting power on a higher

Ievel. Divisions are therefore requested urgently to give.attention

to this matter ,rrd io ,.t to it that delegates to the annual meeting

are well-disPosed PeoPle'"March 3 1977:"'A' "gt"t

appeal is once again made to all

members and divisions to Jo eveiything possible in their p.ower to

exercise , po.iti,r"1t'nuence in lotal sports,clubs Thi: -will

mean

thar more -.-U.r, ,rd other well-disposed Afrikaners s[9ufd. be-

come directly involved in the administration of clubs' lJlvlslons

will have ro r.porr-on this at the end of the present-book yeat-'"

It is clear r.on1'tt" developments in the tpottt policy'.and data

in the secret do..rr.,."t', that the fears of conservative Broeders

were fully justifieJ- the new pgli:y.was indeed the thin end of the

wedge piepari.,g the way for fully integrated sport' - --:.

The Broederbond Executive was to some extent outwitted - or

q;;iy *"rt .lorg with the Government while protesting at

meetings against ,riy to"t'sions' Mr Vorster's strategy was to let

the policy a"".fop, and take-^the Broederbond along with him'

The man h" .fro..'ior this difficult tightrope exercise was Dr Piet

Koornhoi *t. if,.""gtt f it own ki"nd oi "double.tal' had to

confuse tt " irr.r" bfrii"g ir.gon like ,.mulrinational".'A11 along

248

he protested that the new poricy did not deviate from the poii.y ofseparate development.As a former secretary of the Broederbond, Dr Koornhof s cre_dentials.were-impeccabre - nobody courd accuse him of .rot beinga "good Afrikaner,,. He also knew from withir, .*r.tty how theBroederbond operared, how he could nudge it along Uy'totUyirrg,

addressing secret meetings.in various parts of the country and byother ta*ics. He realiseJthe danger iithe Broederbond brockedany further concessions. It was dr this reason that he canvassedactively for the election of professor Gerrit viljoen ",

.hrir-"r, ofthe Bond in 1974. The rightwing Dr Andries Treurnicht had to beblocked to enable 1-he

m.ore- pra'gmatic professor Viljoen to takeover. In this Dr Koornhof *r, ,r...rsful; the foimidable DrTreurnicht, who had threatened to resign as member oi parria-ment if more sport concessions *... mad"., lort th. ,.or, po*.rfrfand best organised powerbase in Afrikanerdom and was to a de_gree neutralised.

Dr Koornhof also largely neutralised another powerful agency _the Press. On several o...rio* he pleaded with editor,

".rirporr,writers not to "embarrass" the Government by pubrrshirrf ,to.i.,on the sports policy which could provide ammunitio n to the uer_

ir:-y!:^ t. 1*.Ir knew that all discrimination in sport wouldnave to go before South Africa would become internaiiona,y ac-ceptable again. But through semandc acrobatics he had to alay theGars of.rightwingers. It ian be predicted now that in about rwoyears all races will play together on club, provincial o. ,r.tiorrtlevel, will sit together on stinds, wil use alr the club facilities such

3^ ?r_T,rid toilets and that no more application, {b. ;.;i;s will

De neected.

- It was quite an achievement, considering the constant concern inthe Broederbond. A 1974 survey among members shows 92,7o/oaccepted the inclusion of non-white atiletes in a South African,.1T fbl the Olympic Games as an interim measure orly,- 92,1rhsaid such an extension. of this principle (mixed teams)'to oth..:1.:I like rugby, cricket ard ,o...i should b. ;;;;;";Jd, ,,rd97,4o/" said the establishment of nadonar sporting bodies for everyseparate "nation" and their affiliation *iti, *orid sporting bodiesmust b-e expedited. The circular (]une 51974) cor,.lud.d, ,IA, , .e_:*r. :f this survey, meetings ,iith friend;'il ;;il;;iri .ir.t.,(Cabinet) have been held.,, : l

rn 1975, after Dr Treurnichr had failed in his bid to become

chairman, the Broederbond Executive made an important change

in the sports policy by accepting mixed South African teams for

internatlonal iompetitiorrr. Th. justification for this was that sep-

arate teams were accepted for iLrternational competitions only ifthey represe.rted sepaiate independent co-untrres' Until the home-

lands ali became inJependent, South Africa would therefore have

i. fr."ia. a place for black sportsmen in her teams if she wanted

to retain inteinational ties' Mt.eove', in terms of the separate de-

velopment policy no independent homelands for Indians and

coloured p.opl. *... fo.er..n and room had to be made for them

in sports ,.r-r' A series of meetings with Cabinet Ministers and

,poi,, administrators once again took place and the Executive said

ii frra "come to the co.rcluiion that we have come up against a

wall because of changing circumstances" (March 3197-5)' ^The Executive ther"eui'on informed the Broeders in the Cabinet

that the policy could .rot be changed' One of the reasons' it told

-.-be.r, *r, thrt it had received confidential information con-

vincing ir "that international sporting ties, especially in rugby and

crickei have serious implicaiions at this critical stage for our

country, regarding international trade, national trade' military re-

lrtiorrrhips lrd "r-r-ents and strategic industrial development'"

But once again they tried to t""""t members' "In conclusion

the Executive restates its existing policy - which is also that of the

Government - of no mixed teams on club, local, provincial or

national level. The Executive is deeply aware that there is strong

division of opinion over this matter. It took the above decision in

the light of ail considerations at its disposal and after length|, seri-

ous deliberations in the best interests of our country and our

nation. Members are asked to study this circular seriously and to

formulate their point of view with great responsibility and under-

standing."The iext year (April 1 1976) the Executive had to reirerate that

-ir.J ,pori o, ilut l.r.t was unacceptable, after inquiries had

b..r, ,eJeirred from branches' The Cabinet had been asked to in-

troduce legislation to prevent mixed club teams' On September 1

1976 itonie again .rrri. or, against mixed sport on provincial and

clublevel_butonlytwoday"slaterahurriedmeetingtookplacewhere Cabinet Broeders told the Executive that the Government

was considering a change of policy to allow mixing at club level'

The National party .orig..r..r and its Federal Council had to ac-

cept the changes,lrra of.. again the Broederbond wis informed

250

l-.^T:rt: parry's rank-and-file membership. In fact, it appearsIrom the secret documents that the Broederbtnd had set the scenefor the changes as early as 7975 and was now simply using the ex_cuse that the Government had to make a hurried'chrrrg.io avoidmaking its own membership unhaonv.

circular of october s rgjo: "rh. i*..utive conveyed the fol-lowing to friends in responsible circres (cabineQ. 2.7 TheExecu-tive confirms the point of ,i.* it took in rgTSduring meetings onthe elimination oi Llnne.e(s1r\/ cph.r^ra n d / o r ri ai s o n 0., * ::; ff ::ia ;xT;Hl, ff :,'ff i ; ::L : :?11Republic must take place not only on national level but also onlocal levels, provided it does not endanger rhe identity orirr. airferent nations." The Executive thus aclepted th. charge a.rd thefact that "it was not possible to inform it prior to the changes.,,

In considering the matter the Executirr" im influenced by ,,therecent drastic changes in the internal security situation whichmake the promotion of internal peace and gooir.lrtior* i.r*..r,whites and non-whites essenrial. the pohJy change i, ,.., ,, ,,important step to prevent or decrease Lnsion ,ra "p.ornot.

gooa_will amorrg large sectors of the population. ,, ^ i

By 1977 the Broederbond Execuiive had again received a num-be1

.of inquiries from branches which expressed concern aboutmixing in sport on club and provincial level _ mixed teams as op_posed to teams of different colours playing against .".i oth.,which were approved in the Octobe r tble ci.:culi.. Orr.. ,gri., tt "Executive saw Dr Koornhof and he gave the assurance that the

Government stood firm on the principie of separate .rrb i*-, fo.different racial groups. He pr"i.rr, lio*.rr.., to persuade peoplewho contravene the policy o, , p.rrorral level, ..rh". than to'conGront them with strong-arm tactiis. But as they did not *r.ri to tir-ten, he would act against them (Mar ch Z Oil1.

And then came a strong reassurance from the Executive to theBroederbond membership. ,.The Executive accepts that theGovernment srands by its policy of no mixed ,pori, clubs, and

*]l:t:,t are,.reqrrested to act locally to prevent any deviationsrrom thrs pohcy. Our organisation is not prepared to go furtherwith th.e sports policy than what *r, ,pp.ored by p"arty con_gresses. "

And that is where the situation rests at the moment. The Broe-derbond is determined to prevent mixed clubs, while Dr Koorrr_hof knows he has to surmount this hurdl.b.Ib..;;;;;#;;

251

the world that sport has been fully integrated in South Africa' He

it "p'

,gri".t fo.-idrblt odds and *hethet he can succeed in his

usual weaving and ffit'"g style remains to be seen' He has al-

,"rJy tor, co"nsiderabl. .'Jaiuitlty amons the Super-Afrikaners

whose adminstratio., t'" once headed' He"can only hope that the

climate for mixing i-ftcl"tt 's people get used to the idea' made

-or. ".."ptable tlhrough the mediY- :f television'

LeadingBroeders in sport have alreadv been working on a way

out of the impasse so that both the Broederbond and the Govern-

ment can save face when clubs become mixed' In July 1978 Mr

Rudolph Opp.r*r,,'f"'iat"'."f.the SA Olympic and National

Games Association,' Lg;t""a that South 'African

sport had

reached the stage *f"""L official sports pcl-l-':y *': t: longer

necessary - ,por,r** should run theii own affairs and' obviously'[V

i-pfi.r,ior, for- -ixed clubs if they wanted to' The Minister

of Sport should t.;;:;t;s11n of all colours' opperm-an said'

,rJIf"..rhould U" ""t'.np"d-from.

the Group Areas and Liquor

Acts which ,"qrd.l ;;;;i" for mixing' pPPtt-'", TIt^t h'u'

acted with strong ,,ppott from sports alministrators in the Broe-

derbond and may have indicateda way out of the deadlock'

1

S,rr..r

:::li

ili Jt

Ll!

::: -

-".;,B:c

--l

:::I-:F

:i.. t

1,I r::1i-!. j-t- ^

=:,

: -ri'

:):..=

!1

7. Cape Tirres, FebruarY 9'

2. Ibid. March 6 1967.

3. Ibid. APrll 12 1.967.

+. 'S..?."r'.i",

J H P, Die Verkrampte Aanslag' p 1'19'

5. Ibid. P 120.

252

i\;..

15 Education

South Africa's present highry comparrmentarised education sys-tem is a living monument to the Broederbond's pervasive influ_ence, and its driving determination to promote its cause of an ex-clusive sectional Afrikaner vork in th. -rrrtry. In the orgy of serf-glorification the organisation allowed irself al its 50th ,,i.ri.*r.rrrryin 1968, the chairman, Dr piet Meyer, rated the Broederbond,s ac_tivities with the youth as the "most important form and content ofBrotherhood in the past 50 years.

"The christian national education of our Afrikaner youth inand by own mother-tongue institutions from kinde.gr.t.r, ,rrdprimary school to university and other institutions of teltiary edu-cation, was one of the primary objectives of our Brotherhoodfrom the b^eginning," he said in thJparticurar brand of torruousAfrikaans for which he is noted. ,,6ur participation,,, he con_tinued, "in the establishment of moth".-to.rg,r. schools and theAfrikanerisation of our universities is the golden thread that runsthrough all our activities. .. It is also our Brotherhood that, withunstinting labour at Bond councils, in study committees and inconsultation with education heads at provincial and national revels- who were and are Broeders - has been abre to formurate the idealof a national education policy for our nation and country- W. hrrr.carried it through to its present stage and wiil continue io do so inthe years that lie ahead.,,

In this memorial to the Broederbond's consummate rore inframing the education systems of South Africa, Dr Meyer fassedeasily over nearly half a century of bitterness and srspicion on thepart of non-Afrikaners that accompanied each broederbondtriumph. In the lasting divisions which have been created in SouthAfrica, and which are perpetuated through its educatio, ,f*._r,the Broederbond has much to answer for.

- _ Tl. ringing calls for white _unity currenrly popular among

Nationalist politicians sound holrow when examined against thebackground of the educarion systems they have ...r,.i ,"i. ;i;;

253

Sectionalmotivesthatliebehinditall.Callsfornationalunityofall races in South Africa border on fantasy when viewed against

ii" Ur.tarop of a.fiU"t.tt barriers which have been consistently

thrown up against --rno' education' The Soweto riots of 1976

demonstrated in tragically clear terms the burning hatred young

blacks have for tfr"-rytt.- of education imposed on them' The

Nationalist Go'oe.rrment's insistence on Afrikaans as a medium of

instruction *r, tirt"JLy the Institute of Race Relations in its evid-

enc.e to the Cillie Co#*t'ion investigating black- unrest as the

-r.1o. contributory factor to the riots, which exploded.into.injury

and death on June 1O 'ft't year't Again' the Broederbond must

look to its conscience for what happened in those riots (see

A;G ir;. I,r r.ri."t pt"t"it of div^iii'on and ruthless passion for

"order" in South Af.i.'i-' society are faithfully reflected in the edu-

cation systems it h.GJ create fo' the various race groups in South

Africa.ItallstartedinthebitteraftermathofthesecondAnglo-Boer

War. In the smouli".irrg, resentful defeat of the ragged band of

Af.ik.r... *t o n,Jio,!'ht 'o bravely.against s-uch.overwhelming

odds, the greatest resentment was again-st Lord Milner's policy of

,rgii."rrllrr. rvrih.. i.,sisttd that E*nglish was to be the medium

of instruction ir, "il f,rbli. schools in tf,e Orange Free State and the

Transvaal and, he ;;;;i arrogantly' "damn the consequences'"

One of the consequences was"that Dutch leaders set uP private

schools to teach Ahikarm and the teners of calvinist doctrine.

The Dutch n"f".-td churches played a leading role in this

move and many predikants were active in school committees and

iir. ,""ggr. f.; ii;**n national education'2 Dr A P Treurnicht'

at Present O.p,lty- tutinister of Education and Training' and re-

,pJrrribl. fo. blr.l education, summed up the mood at the time in

a speech at the n*J.ru""d's 50th a.rniversary celebration in

October 1968. "F;; ;o lo"g," he said' "" ' the Afrikaner had to

suffer the insult of an alien fultural stamp being forced on to the

education orui, .triiJr.r, i' the persisteni anglicisation process' It

became th" togi.rir.,J lo-ptlll"g demand of his own nationalism

that his education should u. i, t it own language and should form

;;; lives for the Afrikaner comm"'ity'- And because the

nation's origins and growth were so closely connected with the

work, doctrine "rrJ,&"itles of the church' ii was obvious that the

national life should be Christian in its education'" i

That was the ideal' After the two former Boer republics were

2s4

Dr A P Treuernicht. Deputy Minister and ex_Broederbond chairmant.

qlT,.9 selCgovernment, however, the ardent pursuit of thechristian nadonar idear waned r"-;;;;;. Afrikaans *r, om.i.,yrecognised in the schoors and Generars Smuts ,ra H..irog,,rolvarying degrees, pursued a poricy .i ara-r*ai"- l"r',#u"r.

25s

The Anglican and Catholic churches sponsored a number of Engl-

ish schools, which ;;A;il'gt n'mbtr of Afrikaans children'

Many Afrikaans f;ii;;, ;tho"ut sacrificine their own cultural

and national identities, recognised that Afrilkaan' would always

have limited use, while English was a lingua franca.and'a1 that

dme armost exclusively the language of business and politics in

South Africa.But the disciples and advocates of the new spirit of. Afrikaner

nationalism ,*".pi"!'Lio"-So"ttt Africa were not satisfied with

this arrangement. Theirs was a more exclusive ideal' The Broeder-

bond regards May li lgx as the first important milestone when it

committed itr"lf .'t"go'it'tty to strive for the establishment of

-",i.r-r."gr. .dt"'Iion in South Africa'3

Y/ith an unsympathetic government in power' how-ever' pro-

sress towards this;;;r;slow until onluly 1:* I tol].1!e-

F.&.;;;;r" aitiltt'nse Kultuurvereniging; (FAK')' operatrng

under the auspice'';;;;;"ttion of the droederbond' arranged a

Christian national "d";;; conference in Bloemfontein' out of

this conference an important agent 1n the fight for the-\frikaner

education dream *" fo"" the"Nasionale Initituut vir Onderwys

en opvoedi"g N;;;; L"tit'tt for Teaching and Education)'

NIoo.T.hiswas-*'"rr.abytheBroederbond'schiefsecretary,the ubiquitous I M Lombard'

Meanwhile, the campaign to secure an exclusively Afrikaans

education system #;:;proceeding on a-broad fro.n1 '" :-'-'l

on a motion propo"a by Dt Pie-t Miver' already a rising star ln

the Broederbond, it'" N"io"al Union of South African Students

[iuaAaj *rsspiii'1ot'g English-Afrikaans lines bv 147 votes to

118.4 The Af.ikrrr* Nlio""'tt Studentebond (ANS) came into

being as a result, with Dr Hans van Rensburg' later to become

leader of the Ossewabrandwag' as honorary president' ^

The followi,g ;t;; the first"national congress 9f tht. ANS was

held under ,fr. .irir-."tfrip of Dr Diedeiichs (ust back from

studying Nrri *.ttoa'l" cttt"any)' The constitution accepted at

the congres, ,p.tinta its aims: "The Bond rests on a Protestant-

Christian ,rra tr1it'""'li'""it"Aitm basis and acknowledges the

leadership .f GJ;;t 'ph"tt of culture as in every other sphere

of life.or..rni,,jtht".|-,tlil;;; ptoplt'' traditions as embodied in

ttttJ]t;;the war the ANS issued aFreedom Manifesto (Julv 1 1940)

that enunci*.a ,t'"'"p"Utit" ideal and reflected the olanisation's

256

synof:SotPreto(assi

feSr

tea

COI

sios-iotIrhtne

sympathies for Hitler's narionar socialist philosophy. Four points9f lajor significance in the manifesto were: (1) The Union ofSouth Africa is to be changed into a repubrican siate in which thePresident, chosen by th9 people for a fixed period and ,esforrsibleto God alone, will conduct an authoritarian government, *i,h ,h.assistance ofan executive council and regional and vocationar rep-resentatives; (2) Within a Christian national education system,teaching will be thoroughry adjusted to the requirements of ourcommercial life through the establishment of iechnicar, profes-sional ahd effective academic educationar facilities; 1a; in'e statewill employ the Press, radio, film and library -ji", as well asother means, for a healthy popular educarion; (4) Afrikaans will bethe official language of the io,r.,t.y and English witt en;oy fuUrights as the second language.i

The end of the war and Hitr..', defeat spelred the demise of theANS. But, in effect, it was reconstituted in the form of theAfrikaanse Studentebond (ASB) in 194g. Enrrenched in irs consti-tution is a commitment to a "christian nationar basis as embodiedT ,h: Afrikaner people's tradirion.', The ASB ,;J,y r.-"i., ,Broederbond organ, although many Afrikaans ,t,rd..rt membersare unaware of this. The ASB is officialry affiliated to the Broeder-bond's cultural wing, the FAK, and has its headquarters at theBroederbond headquarters at Auckland park, Johanr.rbrrrg.The late 1930s and early 1940s saw a surge oiBroederborr'd a.ti-lr:- in the language-medium struggle. Following ,i.-fAX,,Christian national and moedertaat (ioth.r_ro.rg,.r";-.org*r, i,1939, the issue blew up into a major politicai d.brtirr! poirrt.Smuts's United parly

ryan-ted to keep .hild.., of boii tirrg.rrg.groups together, while the Nationalists under Malan believei chil-dren of the two language groups should be segregated. Tie Upadvocated dual-mediurrrinstruction in secondrr| r.ioor, while theNational Party argued. for- mother-tongr" .dr.ation throughout.The second language should be taught L , ,.p".rte subject,in theform of a foreign language, it argu"ed.

. Determined to prevent school integration at a[ costs, the Broe-derbond and National party srarted I majo. offensive. A readinglg"l inthis campaign was the Rev. william Nicor, Moderator ofthe Dutch Reformed church, a top-rever Broeder and rater to be-come Administrator of the Transvaal. Nicol believed that whentwo,language groups were together in one school ,.one culturewould be swamped by the othir.,'6

257

Nicol also played a leading role in mobilising the "Christian"

aspect of the poli.y. H. w.ole prolific articles in church journals'

sprr.irrg Afri'karrei emotions to support the cause' The church's

p'.odigi"o"t weight was thrown into the campaign' Nicol wrote

ihrt li'rrgrrge rrii"i.rg "would be fatal to religion- and it cannot be

tolerated by us ... "ro have children of the Afrikaans churches

underthesameroofasthechildrenofotherchurchescannotbetolerated."T As Malherbe drily comments: "Presumably the

Afrlkr^rr-rpeaking child, by associating with an English-speaking

child, *o.rid be -

contaminated and lose his pure Afrikaner

character. "Dr E Greyling, also a Dutch Reformed minister and Broeder'

addedhisvoice-:..Godhaswilledthatthereshallbeseparatenations each with it, o*n language and that mother-tongue edu-

cation is accordingly the will of God' The parent should' accor-

dingly, have no choice in this case"'o

IntheMarch5lg4leditionofKerkbode,theofficialDutchRe-formed mouthpiece, Nicol wrote: "It is the firm policy of our

.h,r..h, .eit..rted *ith emphasis at our last synod'-that our chil-

dren must be educated in separate schools with Afrikaans as the

medium . . . Not only the salvation of our volk' bttt the preser-

vation of our church depends in large measure on separate

schools."According to Malherbe, "Here we find the reason why so many

ministers of the Dutch Reformed Church became members of the

Afrikaner Broederbond, whose primary educational objective was

the development ;i separat; unilingual Afrikaans-medium

schools. What they really wanted was a revived form of Christian

narional education schools which would be parochial Dutch

Reformed."e-.ct.,,ty,theideawasthataSystemofseparateAfrikaansschools

*";il provide the purveyors of Afrikaner Nationalism with a

system *frl.f, *ould -o'" to"'"tniently lend itself to the cultiva-

tion of the spirit of exclusivity' Once the children were herded

intotheirseparateschoolrooms,theAfrikanerchildrencouldbenurtured on the philosophy of republicanism' based mainly on

glorious memories of the p"t' t' ii" to"ttt of time' they would

6..o*. the ruling political force in South Africa'

The purpor. *ri succinctly expressed at the Broederbond-in-

spired Moidertaalkongres (motirer io"g'" congress) in Bloemfon-

tein in December 1p,43. AFree State school inspector told the con-

258

i

1

\

gress: "The Afrikaner teachers wilr then demonstrate toAfrikanerd.- *l-r: a po:ver ,fr"f qorr.rs in their r.".t..r, organ_isations for building up the yorr'h fo. ,fr. future republic. I knowofno more po*..fiir r"rt.urri".,r:-il:; handre the children for fiveor more hours daily, for five days each week, while at hostels andboarding schools ,h. .orrr..,;;'.;;;".us for longer periods. Anation is made through it, yorth b.ir,g tr,rght and influenced atschool in the tradition].rrt*r, h"Iii* ,ra urtimate destination ofits volk.,'A more concise appraisar of the Broederbond's attitude to edu-cation would be hard to find. ffri, ,trt._ent contains all the rel_evant clues to the obsession th. orgrriration had, and continues tohave, about education.The NIOO, the FAK_Broederbond offspring, rhrew itself ener_getically into the m-other_tongr" .r_p"igr, ,rri;oirr"; ;i; propa_ganda war with gusro. Operaiing thrJ.rgh the Broederbond,s ex_tensive secret ce'networi, to-irJ was abre to manufa*ure aneffective illusion of spontane"r, ..rporrre to major issues, particu_

li:r, *. language question.- E,r..y'ti-. rhe matter cami to thetore, Broeders throughotll the. .or.roy would deluge parliamentand the provinciar councils with iel-eglrams expressing whar wassupposed to be the gut reacrion of thI people.

Natal, ever a thorn in the republicarrside, provided the Broederswith an emodve cause to e*pioit. In pietermaritzburg, the Voor_trekker Afrikaans (primary)'r.h;.i;;;ame overcrowded, so theprovincial authorities arranged fo. the surprus Afrikaner ch,drento go to an English_medium school where they would i. ,rrrglr, i'Afrikaans in para,el crasses. ru" nro.J.rboniand irr.r-fr'ign".,immediately saw the emotive potential ;;;; il;r'ra" r"Tseizedon the issue' professor van Rooy, chairman of the Broederbond,issued a nation-wide appear f.;'f;; to build ,. .*.rrrir.ryAfrikaans school ,"9 :".*,lrUy ir,-rilS, the Christian_NationalVoortrekker Infants' School, p"prfr.fy known as the ,,protestSchool", was opened. The FAK, ;;i;h'played a major role Iarer,said jubilantly that the evenr *"urJ L future bear wimess as amonument to Afrikaner determination and purposeful-;;;;" .,behalf of its cultural heritage.';it--

The Broederbond, undei the cloak of its front organisations,also organised a strike "f Afiik;;;; ,.noot.frlar.r"r"' j."r.r,

against dual-medium instruction. The ,.r"rg._.rts were in,thehands of Mr M C Botha, fr"norrry'i.1..r.., of the Afrikaanse

Kultuurraad in Pretoria, later to become Minister of Bantu Ad-

ministration and D.;;i;p;;"t and o-f Banru Education' ironically

fr;;iri"" he still t'.iJit'tt" time of the Soweto riots of 1976 one

of the causes of which was given as protest against a medium of

education - this time Afrikaans'

According to Mr n"*J pf'n' the.churches' members of Parlia-

ment and of the provinciai councils' school committees' even

teachers ,rrd pri.,.ip'is were to be harnessed to the strike which

was to last long *""gh ;'i*bring the Government to its senses'"

The plan had to U. "i8""a, ho*t"'u"" when it was exposed in pub-

lic.On and on, through all forums of-South Africa' the language-

medium debate."g;5' j;t;t"i*a in a heated and protracted debate

in parliamerr. rr""irlujv,-,t. rnrr,., became a major issue in the

1943 Parlta-.r,,,ty' "'i, pt't"p' more particularly' provincial

council elections'In the provincial elections' where the subject had become the

main issue, the UP *cl" UV large m-ajorities in three of the four

provinces and gained'io"t "'*"in the Nationalist stronghold of

the orange 8.". Sili.- It read the election results as an endorse-

ment of its educational PolicY'The UP took as a further pointer to the desires of the people at

the time a survey of 'oldi""' opinions during the

w1' Published

as Wat the Soldier Thinks (1944)' a flnion dtftt"t Force of{icial

prUti.r,lon in English and Afrikaans' it was said to be representa-

tive of the thirti,g i' th" fo"t'' The survey consisted^of a sample

of 7 000 soldiers lri -o." than 200 units. It included officers, other

ranks, men and *;;;;, ;*y "d air force' men in the union and

outside.The following percentages show how the soldiers responded:

1. We shall have n1or."rrrrional unity if English- and Afrikaans--

,p."tl"g children go to the same schools: 93'

2. It is better for ft'[Utt'-speaking and Afrikaans-speaking chil-

dren to go to seParate schools: 6'

3. Don't know, or no rePlY: 1'

On the lrrrg.rrg.---tai""i q"tttio.n' tJre answers were as follows:

1. Children ,h"'i;;;ii" ""ry through the medium of their

home language; the othlr language shJuld be taught merely as

a subject: 13.

2. Chiliren should be taught

home language, but it is a

260

mainly through the medium of their

good thing for them t'o li:arn some

Ll1-

lerf

1-

nh

subjects rhrough the medium of the other language: g1.].. D9n't know, or no reply: 6.But this was not a..eptabie'to the ardent band of brothers seekingtheir own ends. The f.r"r""i'.."rinued. At last, in 194g, theNationalists came to power and the rde rb on d-Na ti onaris t'r a",i

- ft ilrfiI K ;fi:it ?"'.:1,.": :TNovember 1948 rhe NationJ p;;;;'.;;",=":::::i:::rh a t thc co u n r ry, s

: g

" ;..; .;;,# j:lii:il;:.fl ,:i

; ln":il:l[1..JT;;in Natio",r .d;;;;i"n p3ricy rhe.poricy had beenp"riii.i,,,,;:,::rur,_id:"r,fl i:m::,;il3rY:,".,*?[Donges, Dr E G /anlen Mp, p.;rsorsJ Chris Coetzee, I E Meir_ing and H p Wolmarans, Dr E Greyling, the Rev G Wor-st, Advo_f; :""TIffi# g M r J H c,.yu.l ailor tr,.- *...',i.iuers of

The poricy contained some strictly fundamentarist carvinistdo*rine. For example, the rheori "i.r"rrr,on *r, Jo_plit.ty .._jected in favour

"i poa.rti"iiir".'itrckout journar coinmerted:"Crearion took olace i" ,i;;;.;;;;r^ and fossils must be ex_plained p..ru-rbly, ..'. ;; 'J#il of degeneration since theflood'.13 Historv and geograpfry *..." to be taught as divinely in_spired in the .rrr.o* ,..rr. of ihe word. God had given to eachpeople a counrrv and a trrf.. li-*rr"rn.

^fr,,.rner,s rask ro ruleSourh Africa, and nobody;;;;.lilh't ro qr"rtion whar was divi_nely ordained' Teachers who ..rrr!J'ro subscribe ro these doc-trines would simply not be

"oo"l"i"i ,

I ne polrcy caused such^an outcry that it had to be shelved, but itwas revived in more refined ,..irr-'L the edu.atlor. ai",r"ryCouncil Act of 1960 and ,h; N;r;;"rt fau.rrton policy Act of'o?I, ^ which the B roede;"; ; ;; ;;;;;,*.;;; o,,r.o, reading

In 1959 rhe orsanisationJrad appointed an education rask groupunder the chairrianship of pr"d;;;';JJ Bingle, Re*or of theUniversity of potchefstr"";.;;";;oa ir, ..po.t was ready andProfessor Bingte, o. 1; C..i.[J ,i;.rator of the NederduitseGereformeerde Kerk, j rr sr"ra";; ;i;r", of Education in Natal,and Dr A p Treurnich"t, a*h;;;i;;i-o'-ir""-rurned-ediror

weredelegated ro Dresenr ,r,.i. ,rriionli li".rrron poricy brueprint toU.,:-,1:.r in. tesp ons i Uf . .irli"r' l' rf,.'61 f , n.r.,,rn- rne tollowing two years, the Broederbond held two majorconterences to thrash o,rt th. J.iJ, "f its policy. Dr Meyer,s

261

claim (above) that the Broederbond formulated the National edu-

cation policy is supported by an examination of details of the

organisation's education blueprint contained particularly in two of

its secret do.r-.rrt.. i' ' to*p"htt'sive document Dringende';r;;lirgrnt

Tasks) th" follo*i"g points were emphasised'

(A) The organisation should help ensure that the Department of

Education, ar,, ,r,i"iti*tt be dlivided so that education could

exist as an independ;";;;;;t*ent' lJnder this department should

fall:(i) The universities, including technical training and teacher

training. Wi,ift tt'it *"uldi"an that teacher training would

be removed fro- p'o'incial jurisdiction' provincial govern-

ments would stiil^be involved via the National Education

Advisory B",;J;; the professional Education Council;

(ii) Adult education;(iiii ii" Bureau for Educational and Social Research;

ii"i rtt. co-ordination -of all edu.cational services in the prov-

inces; psychological, preparational' health' special' remedial'

etcl(v) The co-ordination of library servrces;

(vi) Liaison with State departments' such as Labour' Trade and

Industry, Agriculture and with the trade unions;

(vii) Supervision';i;h;;;tution of the policv of the National

Educational A;;i;;t Board through the pro.vincial author-

ities, which in broad terms "t tot'it'ed with the system of

education,theeducationitself,andtheprofession;(viii) Finan.i.rg oi.a"t'tiot' as a whole' including the provinces'

(B) The provincial education departments should remain in

.r.irt.r... U.rd.t their control would come:-'^

1ij Nr.r.ry ,.t'ooi tdt"'tio'' which should be organised as a

sPecific facet of education;

(ii) PrimarY cducation;(iii) Secondrry .at""ion, including academic' technical' trade'

' ' "g.i.rltuial,

and domestic science education;

(iv) Slecial education in all its aspects;'1,r; io-pulsory post-school education;

(vi) APPrenticeshiPs'

(C)Aprofessionalteachers,councilshouldbeintrodticedsoonso

262

that the teacher corps can be invorved in a, facets of education at alevel appropriate to a profession.

(D) A narional parenrs' council should be established.

(E) Education should be financed by the Stare so that no ch,drvould have ress opportunity than another for financiar reasons.

(F) The Executive Council unequivocally demands that thespirit and direction of rhe .dr.;;iJ; of the Afii[;;;;rpeakingchild witt be christian in accordr;;";; ;; ^}t'i,#r".1'..o

rroin national conformity with the history and currure of the Afri-kaner nadon'"The Executive courr.iil, convinced that in this waythe first steps will be taken ,";;;;;;ational education system inline with our history and our .ur..r, *quiremen* for national co_hesion within the bounda.i., ;i;;;n"p,rbli. of South Africa.,,

Another document, Memorandun r/s Die Noodsaakrikheid vanBeroepsgerigte onderwys Dom-Normale Leerringe in provinsiare skore(Memorandum in con_nection with the necessityfor vocation-oriented edu_ationfor backward chirdren in prouinciar schook)advocates that voca_rional schools be expandei ,o ,..o__odate children who forvarious reasons are not emotionally or intellecturUy.iripi.a f"r,standard academic education.In every material deta,, all these aspects of the Broederbond,seducarion blueprint are. incorpo.r*J-i, the system of educarionprovided for whites in South ifr;" today. The latest de_velopments in education have .li;.h.d the plan. The organis_ation's concern for backwa.d .hil;;;;has been i_fr._Jrr.a _

:1. to.T of a paraltet .ar.riior,-;;;;r. known as rhe practicalMatric. In 1977 the professi"".t ,.r.fr.rr, body .r;; ;; i.irg i,the form of the South African r"*i..r' council for whites. Itsfirst chairman is, appropriately, a Broederbonder, J D V Ter_blanche, Recor .r q,. pr.r"ri, 'i.;J;, Training College.On June 5 1968, the 50th bi.rhJry of the- gro.;.rUo.ra,celebrations were held in the ;.*r"irl,i";,, Urr.r.fro'rl.lrgh.r,South Africa. The occasio., *L commemorated by an oath_srvearing ceremonv..rededicating the Broed..r ro rt . ojrrii."riorr,,ideals..As part of ihis oath, rhd;;;;Ja ,r,.i, commitmenr ro a

l*X',t National outlook ,"a , ,iroth..-torg,r. educarion

In October that year a national congress of the Broederbond

was held. Among tt" tft"ft"'s was Dr Treurnicht' who had been a

member of the ta"'io" task force' He said it was "in a sense

epoch-making that ;;;'il;;"me't placed a law of christian

National education t""?*i""te book iast vear'" He added: "No-

body will fail to "p;;;;i;;;;e role of the Af ik""'^B'::,1*'"0

in the achievement "itf it ideal' It will also remain a serious matter

for the Afrikaner B;;;;."d to help ensure, in the interests of

the Afrikaner, that tft-f'* " t"tt'tta tif"tti"tty for the sake of

the generations to come'"17

Four years t"t', itt" thairman of the Broederbond reaffirmed

the Bond,s .o-*ir-.r,;;;;;;.-ciples in education for which it

had fought ,o "at"iiy it"o'gtt the.years' :':},rt

nt"::.^:,|'tne suc-

cessful nro*,,t-"":i;:;t#io "r'i"u" Afrikaner unity on the

basis of our own aiti"tti"t Afrikanerdom"' he said' "is naturally

how we educate ;;';;;i" "ur children and Youth' As Christian

Afrikaners *t "a"'li;;;; our child'en are christened to edu-

cate and hrr. tht- ;;;;'"; in Christian faith and to the honour

of our Creator' Tht';;;;o" ptott" itei" i" the family life and

must be .ot,it"td i'it""tf'".,ft and in'itutions of higher educa-

tt"'l;, the same time, we teach-our children Afrikaans as their

mother-tongt" h ;;"''t'o*t' "'d adjust th:T 1"

this way to their

own Afrikaner cultural assets' a process which is also continued in

and through our il;;;i;;'i institutions' To achieve one's own

mother-tongue, and thus one's own culture is at the same time to

achieve r*,"''""'Jf ot"'' o*" distinct Afrikanerdom' Education

whereby o,,"'' o*f 6i'i"i'" Afrikanerdom is achieved and en-

riched is the key t()'Af'ftl"tt unity' If Afrikaner parents' teachers

and lecturers fail in this task' or carry- it out defectively' Afrikaner

""r,v *iff suffer i"tp"'blt.d1mas1,-"8

The Broederbond' through its secret distribution of members' is

in a very p"**r'il;;1ii";to "ftgo'J its education system' of

the organis"ti""'l"t"l'i;ttb;i"p of neatly 12 000' the largest

single group UV p'"ft"io" i' tt"l"" and leciurers' They number

2 424 orzo,rc pJ' L;;;;il i'ia' ri" sp-readofthis gr"oup is im-

pressive i, i" "'"i'"''ii:;ii;;; r'o- 1t'' Minister of National

Education himself, Dr Piet Koornhof and senior members of his

staff includi"g tf" Oi"tto' of National Education' S C M Naude'

the Directo' "f U;;ttt AflaysaDr H S Steyn' and the Deputy

Secretary of the department' C1 Ot'it'' tt 'p""dttdown through

264

]E:

.;

!-:-!

the principals and chancelors of the Afrikaans urriversiries (see AProfile of Power), in the provincial departments of education anddown to individual teachers and rectu'rers at schools and educa-rional institutions throughout South afri.r. Til il;;;i, of rn.Broederbond's christian National ideal are immJvabry institutedrrithin and throughout the country's educational ,,."ir...-Two universities in South Africa owe their ."i.r..r.. i"ig"ty toBroederbond effbrts. In Johannesburg a need was felt to counterthe liberal traditions ofihg Engrish-ianguage University of thewitwarersrand, where, in rhe 1960s, Nu5ai was at ii. ii.igr,, .r

rus anti-governmenr activities. In the earry 1960s the ExelutiveCouncil of the Broederbond started *orki.rg ir, ."rrr"ri for thecreation of an Afrikaner university in the city. Thus one finds inrhe secret minutes of an Exec,rtirr" Co,rrcil'meeting t.ti lt tfr.Volkskas Building .l: lghalnesburg on Decem6er 1 1965,''Brother chairman (Dr piet Meyer) sketched the whore back-qt-o:"d of the represenrations which ied to the estabrishmenr of anAfrikaans university on the Rand. He disclosed the role of the rel-evant committee in connection with the character of the .rrirr..-

The tg75 opening of the Broederbonil controlled Rand Afrikaans (Jniuersity.

265

sity, the conscience clause, the grounds, the collection of funds etc'

The Executive Councit treta "i optt'-htarted discussion about the

;;;r;; ;;.ing which various standpoints were expressed in.con-

nectionwiththeentrenchmentoftheCharacteroftheuniversityinits Act."

The close involvement of the Broederbond in the establishment

of this prestige university, the Rand Afrikaans University - situ-

ated in th. nio"d.rbond'stronghold of Auckland Park' Johannes-

L"t* - tt reflected in it. hi"t"cty' The late Dr Nico Diederichs be-

came the chancellor; the Rector, Professor Gerrit Viljoen' is cur-

,."iiv .ttri.man of tire Broederbond; the chairman of the (Jniver-

,ity 6orr.il is Dr Piet Meyer himself' r , nr- - r^^ r r-:.,The other university *" i" Port Elizabeth' Rhodes University

in Grahamstown, r-i".Jii""tlly English-speaking !11p":' h'd

decided to establish a satellite campus in Port Elizabeth' To

.oorr*. the spread of English-speaking influence' the Broeder-

bond initiat.d -ou., to eJt"blish a university it could control in

the seaport. A, , ,.r.tlt, the University.of Port Elizabeth came into

being unde. ttt. ,"lio"nip of a senior Broeder' Professor E J

Marais. Having establishei the university' which is bilingual in

character, the Broederbond made strenuous efforts to ensure that

the bias of the .r*f,, was towards Afrikaans' It launched a cam-

frig, ," fill the ,.r'ilr".,ity as far as. possible with Afrikaners' An

instruction was sent to *tmb"ts in the monthly circular letter

number 4164165d;r;il;27964: "With the establishment of a

university in Port glizJbeth in mind' it is cordially requested that

i" p-,i."f.r friends (membe-rs) in the area will use their influence

to ensure that as -r.,y Afrikaner students as possible register

there. Friends across the whole country can naturally assist in this

matter."TheBroederbond-Nationalistcompulsiontoseparateallaspects.

of educatior, .,r,rrrity t'ttrrdtd to toiou' comPartmentalisation in

South Africa. ffr. ."lgi"al Christian National education policy"

draftedbytheBroeder"bondinlg48,Catersforblackandcolouredpeople as well as whites. r- ..rv/^ ^^^^nr t1

Article 14 deals *iif, ,fr. coloured people- "We accept the prin-

ciple of trusteeship of the non-Europt"' by-the.European' and

plJ.ri"rrv uy ,t,l Afrikaners' This trusteeship imposes on the

Afrikaner the solemn duty of seeing that the coloured people are

educated ir, ...orJrrce with christian and national principles. . '

We believe that the coloured man can only be truly happy when he

266

:tc.the)n-'in

has been Christianised ... tr/e believe that the welfare and happi_ness of rhe coloured _r" ..*.rp"" fl, ..rliryg';"Tfr.t.rorr, ,oa separate racial group ... Th; financing of coloured educationf"T.ir?:XH:|;U:[" b,',;;l;;i' t 'J' p'""i]"J,, th. .o.t or

Arricle 15 deals.with African education. ..lUe believe that therole of white South AIii;; ;; *1i.., to the native is to chris-tianise him and help him on ;;;;"l"ly, and this ,,o.rrior,

"rd d.rtyhas found its immedi"19 ,ppii*io, ,rra task in the principles oftrusteeship, distinguishi"d';;;;;ve sratus from that of the:jP and in segregadon'. .. ,frriirrtruction and education for

:n}:#i;:,,.i,1,iil::*:f :ntof ,he.,,i;;;;;;;ni,yonitself in .r..f ,.rp..s.,,ro -supporting and provides for

The Banru Education Act of 1g53 praced its supervision underthe Department of N"ti;-Aff:rrr, , 195g a new Department ofBantu Education was estabrish.d. Ti. Minister and Deputy Min-l',,.t::f ;ffiT:ffi,.,,? \i;il._ b.,,r*,*.,, and Dr i p r..,._

In 1959 the seo:

,..:H;*T:if,",?tTJ.T;i:r:i:,:i#}T:"[Txt*,ffi :ii,,,r,J,,,r,,;il;;".T,i'*::*'1,?.:1:ff

:Tf Si;j;a*":*t*;had been open' provision was ;; t. ethnic universities ro beestablished' This is now reality in tie-form of the universities ofZululand (Ngoye),,of the N;;rh'd;;noopl and of Fort Hare, all

ii::T:J,Tf .?:::T:Jl1#:TT#'dl,ir,i,.;;;;.*-.',,'#,,.._nomy for the tro*.tr.ra, oncept of evolving auto-

Sim,arly with ther,niversity of the l,estern cape, for corouredstudenrs' and of Duru'"-w.trhi.,"i".iraran studenrs. The latterstill has a Broederbond re*or, t;;;:;". S p olivier, a formermember of the orsanisario",, i"";;;;e council.The Broed".Uo"rra_Nrtiorrffri'll..rrion *lth separation has

*i"ffi1,:lll, nlXi,"",, t,"g.ai.,

"r"., South Afi:;;;j.,o.r.

i-por"J.-o* ;f "t' escaped the traumas this obserrion h*li"a"'r,,,""ir,"0.','.I[:fJ;:?;iX.:#,ffi1:m:l#jhad dark skin and tightly".r;;J;;;., ,i. pt,yri.at characteristicsusually associated *i-th rr"gro;;;;;l;r.i lmixed-.ri.i p".pr..She attended a ,,white,,

,".troot'l.r"ifrl"pUr,.land town of pi.,

:nt:u-35-

)e-lr-

t)'ad

Io'r-inro,.J

inet1-

.n

:re

lt:e

:r:S

t

:

s

n

t

267

Retief, where she was completely, accepted bv her contemporanes'

All appeared to be *ttt "tit in 1'964t*o B'oederbonders' the Ad-

ministrator of the T;;;;;;i' Mr Sybrand van Niekerk' and the

local Member of the;;;;;i;i;""'il' M' Theo Martins' told her

parents there had bcen complaints'

Two years later, Sandra Laing was classifi.f '.1ol3ure1. 'tt

parents, who in tht ty"' of the liw remained "white"' reccived a

letter from ,t,. pt".'tl1't';'t;; t;;ol asking thcm to remove their

daughter in terms of ' "qttt't by-the Trinsvaal Department of

Education, whose Ji"t'"' was a Broederbonder' Her father re-

fused to comply' f*t *"tft' lt"' uniformed police arrived at the

school and took s.raru away. Ev-entually, ,f,., pro,r"cted legal

action, Sandra Lt;; *" "-tl"sified "white" again'

The end of the 'fo'y h" a strange ironv' Sandra Laing never

fitted comfortably L,il;:;r"il*iit"" box from which she had

been rejectea ,'a ti?" gt"i*"*r' "'a*itttg' She finally-married

an African ,r,a ,.,*"Ji"r" Jfrrlppy but simple existence with him

in r rrrrl township in the Transvaal' ., nr-i^^'. .rrcMalherbez' h";;;;td the effect of South'Africa's l1stem

ln

these termr' "ritJ i'otJ"'uo"a \1t* that by^^separation' the

future of Nationafit' p"fiti"t would be assured'"22

(Their means of doing this.was attacked by Mr S J V Gelden-

huys, MPC fo' pt"'lti'bi"titt' who claimed that Nationalist in-

doctrination had been going on for.y.t-'i" Afrikaans schools and

stated in the p'""i"tiiiC3""tif dtb"t"' "If it were not for the

Afrikaner ,...t"' '"J;;k;;;' I doubt whether the National

f.r,y *o.rtd ever have come to power'"

A member: "Through indoctrination?"

Mr Geldenf"'y''^;V?'' through indoctrination'")22

"This irol"tio"i't t'it=* of tf"?tt"tiot' of the school"' continues

Malherbe, "ig"o"i if'" att that South Africa was a bilingual

country and that its children' no matter what their home language

might be to start;;;;; d"'t*td to associate with one another u

when they u".r-.'rJrrlts in nearly *"., kind of political, social

and economi. ;l;;."A,, thl, view iainea gt?""d"-!he State

school, instead of being regarded as virtu"ally ' t""plit' of the South

African .o-**""'fl'i-iii"t're' became more and more design-

ed to prese*t tt"1it"'"'-;;;; Afrikaner majority and thus to

consolidate its Political Power'"This .r.tt"i't'"tt"l;;';t school in course of time served to

generate rr."o'y-p"-lttitudes t'o' o"iy in regard to English-

268

es.

d-heler

lerlaeirof:e-he

Ial

-er

aded.m

lnhe

n-n-rdheral

Afrikaans relationships, but also on ideorogicar issues involvingblack-white relationsirip, ", ..fl..t.d ty th."p".ty ir, f*.r."The fact that young people, during tfr. _ori i_i..rriorrbl.years of their lives,

"r..., Uy deliberate segregation, deprived ofthe normal opportunities of rubbing rhorld"..ri"lrl, p..ri* nofa_ing different views from their o#n, rended to make them lessadaptable in meeting new challe.rg., drr. ,o .t rrgirrg'i..,r__stances. The same would also to a lirge exrent apply to the teach_ers in these separate schools.

"It is, therefore,.not surprising that a nation_wide survey, con_ducted-early in 1974 by professo"r Lawrence Schlemmer, Dire*orof the Institute of Social Research "t

Nrtrl University,d ..r.A"athat the polirical opinions of Afrikaners,under 25 years of age'offered scant encouragement to those who hoped fo. _or. .r_lightened and forward--rooking poti.i.r. Their apathetic attitude(I m all right, Jack) showed ";;r; ;a urgency ro come ro rermswith our basic racial conflicr, and it aifferiitae r."- ,i",

"f theirelders. "'Apart from its formar education systems, the Broederbond hasat its disposal an impressive party of bodies ,"d .g;;i;;Jorr, ,ocarry out its propaganda functions. The two most notabre of theseare the Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurverenigings (FAK) andthe Suid Afrikaanse Buro vir Rasse Arrg.l."rthede (SABRA).The FAK is referred to by the Broederborid as its publi. .rrtr.rlwing. General Hertzog quoted a Broederbond docum.rrr-Ju.r.rg

his Smithfield address which described the FAK as ,,our so-much-big^ger son" (see Chapter 2).one of the first major actions of the Broederbond was the estab_,::*:lt of this oper, .ultural wing. ti *r, created on December18 1929 to undertake-various Afriki'ner programmes and co-ordi-nate and stimulate others. Its first .h"i.man was the ever-presentLombard, also chief secretary of the Broederbond. The FAK ishoused at the Broederbond,s AucklanJprrt fr"raqrr.t".r lra ."_ceives regular appropriations from the Broederbond.one especially interesting instance in which the Broederbond

used the organisation, and *t i.t has been referred to elsewhere, isI.rL*I"! in a special circurar to all Broeders dated a.rgurt ilgez"The Executive counc, of the Broederbond announces thatfriend Dr piet Koornhof, formerly j.p,rry ,.*.ir.y'"f ,n.National Party of the Transvaal, has been appointed chief secre-tary of our organisarion as from the beginning of the ""; B;;;_

es

ral

ge

erialterhn-to

roh-

269

siaar, .. To the outside he is known as the Director of Cultural In-

iormation of the FAK and in that capacity will serve as a link- with

;AhrJ ;dies of the FAK and will' when necessary' act as

mouthPiece of the FAK' ' '"The Execrtirr. Co"'cil is gtateful that arrangements could be

made with the FAr t]o [ntt 't'Jpot'

of our chief secretary with the

oublic post as it enables friend Piet Koort'hof to carry out our acti-

'.riti., tr.,fullY in the oPen'"

Secret BroederbonJtl...rlr, 2163164 of June 121963 provides

,";;;;;";r-fr" tt Jtd' with a uolkskonpres on education matters

,', a, aa,' " I t i s b ei n ffi ,' * "' q 11 ::i t;;'?'J llil :"int"'"':;

tion with the inter-church Commrsstot

topics for discussiot' i*l"dtd the role of the State in education' the

National f,d,r.atio,'i^Co""tif and the national education policy'

In this way the Enf t"-"'"s the public expression of the Broeder-

bond's secret deliberations'The FAK's inn""tt in South African affairs has been a constant

presence, running;;;;Iil t" 1n{,coinciding with the activities of

the Broederbond' i' f q:S the FAK otgani'ei the highly successful

and emotiorrt o**'gt" it"ft' whicli commemorated the Great

Trek of 100 years #:;;, a'd t"t'ti'lly marked tn: l,:?:Ttng

of

national awareness among Afrikaners. The organisatron was

closely involved i" 't" i'"g""'gt--tdi"t struggle and the formu-

lation of the Cf,,i'ti" N'iio""'t education p"titn It was a leading

factor in the ..oro*i. Reddingsdaadbond and Helpmekaa-r move-

ments. In all these ventures ii was acting as the Broederbond's

nublic ig^x.,; main function is the co-ordination of Afrikaner cul-

tural activiti., ,t"t"lft""iSt"'nA'frica' To this end it has built up

a huge range oi'i"-U"rs' affiliated bodies and co-operating

bodies. Apart fto-l"itt"al organisations per'se it includes teach-i

ers' organis rrio,',- V o ; o r gan"isati ons' church or g.anisations' stu-

dent organirrtio""'ld *J-tn's orqanisations' "ln fact"' says'

Malherbe% "lt i,"'ol"td the whole Ai'ikt"" body politic' At the

centretherewas-tntAfit'anseNasionaleKultuurraad(ANK)'This was d.r.,ibtJby-it' fi"' chairman' Dr N J van der Merwe (a

Broeder) ,, " 'to"teilt"t"d focal poinr whe'e all the rays of the

Afrikaans lif" ,';;;li;;il"sh the FAK as with a magnifving

glass'." n..o'di"i "''1"p"t'"in the Sunday Tirnes' January 28

1973, theFAK h;l ;t;t ;il; 2 000 cultural' religious and vouth

bodies affiliated to it'

270

Is

Among the more important of these are the three main Afiikaanschurches' the Voortrikkers (the Afrikaans equivarent of the BoyScouts movemenr) the Airikaanse Studeniebond 1aSn), theAfrikaanse Taal en Kultuurvereniging (ATKV) ,, o.g"rrirrrio,f:::Iylrs employees, rhe af.f;.ri.,.. Taal en Kuttuurbond(ATKB) for postal emproyees, the Afrikaarrr. rut.r,rrrr.."rrigirgY:11 ." Verdediging (AKVV) for Defenc. nor.. f..ro-rr.t, th.Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniging van die Suid-Afrikaanse porisie

!$POL) [1the police, ,"a tt,. Afrikaanse Verpleegbond (AVB)tor nurses. There is arso a national association io, ifrikrrrer folkmusic and dance.25 The Afrikaner service organisations, JuniorRapportryers and Rapportryers, are also conneited in this way.The FAKI<eeps i-n regular touch with its members through itsnewsletter Handhaaf literaily, Maintain or preserve) which acts asan open conduit for Broederbond ideas. It arso pubiishes bookletsand study papers.Apart from its purely Afrikaner cultural functions in SouthAfrican society, trre rrqr performs an-important rore in Afrikanerand national politics. I: i: m: central organising body for the manyw.lksfeeste (national cerebrations) on tf;e South African carendar.These, particularly Republic Day on May 31 and the bry of th.Covenant on December 76, give Nationalist politicians valuableplatforms where they regenerate enthusiasm and ,rpp"., fo. theirt.d:{t, largely by capitalising on rhe emotions associated with pastAfrikaner triumphs.vatchef. describes the nature and scope of the FAK,s activitiesthus: "The FAK has been singulr.ly a*ir. of the value of mrri.,opera, plays, literature, monuments and langurg. i; i";;l.rurrg

and maintaining a strong nationalism ,.ra , f.Ifrr! oir.,lry *irt i,a group' From time to time, the FAK sponsors massive rarlies and

l::rt^llrr, which have the effect of infusing and renewi.rg p.id. i,

ttllS el€. . .

"Thus the FAK stresses all things Afrikaner: language, music,song, literature, dress, cll-st9ms, experiences. Fo. ""*r"_pi., tlr.concentration camps estabrished by ihe Engrish in the Boer warare consrantly recaled ro bolster nationalisiic feelingr ii. raxhas even purchased one of these camps to serve as physical evid-

ence of Afrikaner grievances."The voortrekkers, who represented die-hard resistance toBritish

_suzerainty, are brandisrr.a u.ro.. a ie uolklike a cloth beforea bull' van Riebeeck has been all but deified. His sratue at cape

271

Town greets the visitor to South Africa and reminds the Briton

,trr,,trJO"tch were-there first'''.-^,^- rublic propaganda rrT,--

in. Broederbond's other malor. ISABRA, which is based in Pretoria' is- basically a study organls-

ation whicr, .*""i"i';;t;;;i sot"r'-ar'ican politics' lt seeks

good race relations,;;;Jt strictly on the premise that separate

development, oruntJ"'a'-i;-the oniy viable meth{ of i'c-llevins

this. A Broederbon;ilil;;; 'uot" the organisation' ttttll:l

to members in 1974] J'a' ;;rt is our- only public arm in t"l:'"tu"'

with relation' .n"ttt"';t;t;"d de'el'opment and connected af-

fairs. With one or;"';;;;;;il'n'' th' m"mb"' of SABRA'' con-

trolling council """it;;;;ttt of our orsanisation'"27

SABRA t ,t 'uo"fi ooo -"tu"" "'d 'ifili,attd !:1i::

that pro-

mote its ,i-, tot'tili' tt tt*t.,"ny aiuia"a into provincial com-

mittees.

'ABRA,whichwasfoundedinlg48byagroup:nr:l^l:r"o.usuch promi""' g"";;; " Dr T F- oo""gtt' Professor H B

Thom, Dr W w M.iir;it'''p' M-C.le wtl N"1' and Dr Nico

Diederichs, ..."i'll ffiilh;;tia at""i"ns from the B'roeder-

bond. lt, t"""i" tiii'-"" Professor C v/ H Boshoff' Ver-

woerd's son-in-law' is a prominent Broeder'

The organisation lists its activrtres as youth programmes for

black and white children; arranging.co"g"""t ior adults; estab-

lishing contact b"H;*;r'i* 'ia' 6r"[i"'a"rs - "teachers' who

p r a y a k e y r o r e ;'I,ii;,; : *::*:m'l i.Iril'"1?, ll,1 J,' lt;H:,:r;';:il;ixxx'T"r:i,:Jiil:,[T"i""""'J'"-b"";"dresearch, pttut''"ir l'1' tf''" problem of homeland consolidation'

B etween,n._itrlrL'u ;" ;;'J s Anna .rr,rp ai gn ener geticauv to

win the minds of the youth o'"' "'o-

tht to"t-ptt of Nationalist

philosophy, tf'ti''*cl"'i'npo""" function' The FAK's youth or-

sanisation is the Nasionale 1'ug-'o'i'-'l\ational Youth Council)

i"*,i.f, holds camps and to''ft"""' for young Afrikancrs'

SABRA htldt ;i;il" to"t"'- "d to'ft"t"tt' usually during

school touary.. irr.-voor,r"t t .rs play.r^r.1*ilr, ._*..

The seriousness with which ttt" 'i'ti afrikaners view'this work

for the uolk ts"fl"t'"d in the """t-of 'he people aPpo"ilted to ad-

dress the g"ht;i;;'' Ft'-t"'nplt' ir't rqbs report of the liaison

secretarv u"'*'"'i'i'ir'"";;;;-dt"bt; ;J th" FAK't' Jeugraad'

Broeder r""t#ntt'i"f' 'f'o*' that at the national youth congress

the organis"t"'i;;;;'ti-"' v""' th" i;;"' Prime Minister' Mr

)1)

,L.

:'-irll

lrll:r'riild

&

:s1(i

rrn.nis--ksrateingrtedrion. af-'on-

ded{Biicoler-rer-

Vorster, spoke along with his Cabinet colleague, Dr piet Koorn_hoflAt youth meetings that year, prominent Broeders who ad_dressed their young .o-prt.iots included the Minister oragri.rt-rure, Mr Hendrik Schoeman (The youth,s Task and Calling) MrH D K van der Merwe, Mp, (youth in Action _ Constitutional), DrR-Mclachlan Mp, (The youth Leader,s Task in the C:ity)t, prof.rro.wJ de Klerk of potchefstroom, later to become editor of DieTransualer, officiar. National pa.ty morthpiece in the Transvaar(The Youth's share in the perpetuatiin of the christian and white civi_lisation in southern Africa) and Dr A'p rr..r.., icht (The c:hrlrtlon-N**! Outlook of the Afrikaner),

- _ The Jeugraad also has an advanced offshoot in the form of the

Nas.io-na-le Jeugleiersinstituut (NatLonar youth Leaders, Institute)which holds regular camps and conferences for ,".ri,o, pr'rfif, ,rrastudents.A report by Hennie Serfontein in the sunday Times of February4 1973 dealt with ,.f1K camp in the Western Cape: ,,The FAK,the official 'culturaf fro.rt of the secret Broederbond, has nowopenly entered the party political arena. It is opposi"f ,rr._p" ,"bring whites and colo,r."d, .lor.. iogot.. and is taking a pro-homeland (for coloureds) line. rhe adikarrr. N"riorr"i.J-.rg.rra

. . . has embarked on a series of 30 teade;rit; .;;f;;;.:1"i., tt.Western Cape for high school youths."Two-years ago a junior Sabia conference in the Cape was usedto push the homeland idea when it was address"a uy ii .t,rr.-rr,Professor Gerrit viljoen, Rector of the Rand Afrikaans tJniver_sity."It is significant that the decision to launch a youth acdon cam-paign through the FAK was taken some years ago by the Broeder-bond executive. It was decided to concenrrate on high-school ch,-dren,.esp.ecially prefects, influencing them with a ,irUro*prr', , r_row Afrikaans ideology under the Jmokescreen of leadership con-t'eren ces. Bv creatin g

-an inn ocent body, :;;i- ;r;; 1."*rrr"o, rn.

h elp o f th e'D epa rtm'.n t o f Ed u ca ri or,'*r,iJ ;" #'J:,t"i;'; r..-derbond-controlled, would be obtained.,,

, Yet another important arm of propaganda work for the Broe_derbond is the Maatskappy vir f)roiir:,i* I**igror,, 1S..i.ty f",European Immigration; which h", ,, its main task the Afrikaneri-sation of immigrants to South Africa. In a docum.rr, .i..ri"i.a ,oBroeders, Inskakeling uan Immigrante (Absorption of Immigrants)

)rG-)m-

forab-rhorth.rfarndf,n.;toLlist

or-crl)3rs.

irg

crkad-;onad,'CSS

Mr

273

:H#-:*:::lifi:tT;i'lr.'.:it': :i:::1T&::i';":" I

aoartheid," to wln ''i-lgt"tt ovcr to.the Afrikancr cause"

The MELf'" at"ot"'"' i"gt part of its activitics to immigrant

children as shown u-y""t"91 ito* '-p'"ss rePort.on an MEI

vouth camp' "sp"'lJ"t''"f-tht'""" -a'^v' i'oo'' Afrikaans' (Talk

Afrik a ans) h olidav IIi' ";"';;';:*::rK:,*;iilII' :::

;;5*l * * Ti:lil "i if ,Hi#, r,'-ff ;" u;: * : JH-

^.,t"i,i.t *cluded singing :h"

t':t::iemonies, games' tt'"Ji?t# lessons and taiks'

"on Saurd', " *t''i he Habits onl'Cu"o*s oJ the Bantu' on

Monday tt'" tr'la"Jlt"t*';;iJ;;"'t C I Langenhoven' composer

of the National ^l"nt*' ^na' uo* s'i'i-ii'i'a is

'C'ouerned' on

Tuesdav it was d"ii''"d Anthem'^:;;'i;' PoPulation 'Groups

of

South Afrit'' 'n''i"t

i';;; '" w';;J'v was sourft Afriu -

lrti:rrary and Toda! '

"children had an hour of Afrikaans followed-i'Af,.'

lectures :1",::]tff::.:il#.;'iln,g *,, lowered while

by Afrikane. *i:;,{::,,T:::',TXii.;i;- t{"v n,,.ti,"d for the

the children sang

end or.r,,,0 .o,'It' r''i '''r['4{'.""1:i:-ili'X''o'""ided bv thc

;; tf"il*: ;*ix x i"s"I#r;'rn n:ru: il:'li,liil:,t,.'g.o.a.rbond's propaganda'*?tT. p"rr, rr""groederbond-

ii* " :,'."J' il..1 o * l'o :!'! T* I

:J;" ;' i ;:t u J" "'' I e a s'l n i n e

Broederst""i)"t'"i"ftzrutv'iJtrt"th'itt""MrMariusIooste, Mr M c"g;;''"icnator '1"'a' *it;;' ;' C P "connie"

Mulder truri'i"'iJi';j;;'j 1'1ii'-'"j' M' M'rais viljoen (Prest-

dent of ,t'' s*ll"i' '*""11 t:::,',#il:*i il'ff:l:":I":?National Party' Professor Gerrtt ':'';U';; Heerden'th. semi-state cor,oration Iscor''iflti.*rprp"r.'p.''wimpie"

*.*;*'!;,;;,:!l::lJ {3: :l I "'l' ilu'r or'rh e B r o e-

derbond. p.rsko. has 1 0 newspaprc: fi *:ll?:l";,,,Il,:#l,:l*Tit .*'Ti[l'; J, r :'?: i l"; Jfi ;$ i; * " o""u t i' r' i n g b"u s i n es s

w hi ch r" "

ar "'1' [ ;" ; ; * ; S^": LnU-::'.m: #'* lX U:;

""tJ'n" major slice of the schoot reXuuuun

_.- t--:. r

-a

tl

f,ti.l:;r,:-

:1, -:,

m,-

*flrj

lluE

mr

fi@

"r8

rilfi

^f";";;Ji" tt'thomelands s a similar Broederbond^'arrt""}t Pt"' board of directors na

274

B-

ofloading. Its Broeders include the chairman, p A Weber, tr/J preto_rius, P W Botha, Minister of O.Gn.. and current pri_.ouft irt..,Louis le Grange, Minister of publlc Works and of Tourism, C Vvan der Merwe, A D Wassenaar, S p Botha, Minister oit"borr,Dr Piet Koornhof Minister

"f Nrriorrl Education ;;J;; Sport,and the managing director, O p a" Vitfi..r.Its portfolio incrudes the highry respected Cape newp aper DieBurger, and four other newsprp"., ,no ,r* nragazines.The Afrikaans newspap.., ,r. all, in varying degrees, Govern_ment supporters.

. J!.h* long been 1ror...: of anxiety for the Broederbond that theAfrikaans press in South Africa i, ,rot ,r""rly as widely read as thegenerally anri-Government English_language press. In the early19.60s the oganisation .o,dr.#d ,n-i.r.r.rtigation into what itcalled the "disturbing" lack of reade.ship of a?ikarrr r.*rprp..,as compared with rhe English_language competitors. Using de_railed breakdowns of rhe o]rn.i"r .i.-Jlti.rn figu.es of the variousnewspapers, the investigation paid particular"attention to the ef_Gcts of school-leavers on th. .i.culrtion figures.Taking a five-vear period from 1953 to 195g, it found that1+1 000 Afrikaner nupiL teft schoorr ri., time. The circulation of

|frikaans n"*rp.rp".i in the .o...rpording period rose by 22 500.lhe correspondinq figures for thc p"giirt"r..;- ;;:'rroooschool-leav"r, ..ri, Jirculation lrr.r."r. of 69 000. ,,This

enor_mous rise in the circulation of Engrish dailies was caused in theiirst place by the newspaper_.orr.iom English_speaking popula_rion itsele and in th. second pfr.. Uy many thousands of,.i13:: :peaking

readers,,, *rr'ttJ-gtoomy conclusion of thelnvestlgators.This trend has conrinued into the 1970s. A survey in 1977 by aRand Afrikaans (Jniversity acade-i., b. C R Swart, senior re_searcher for the university's Institute for Urban Studies, foundrhat, because of readersrrip tr.rJr,-i"-r".*, of accurturisation theEnglishJanguage press would have a greater influence on.{frikaans-sp.rk.., than the "rt., ,irry ,iornd. Considerablymore Afrikaans.-speakers read English-language newspapers thanih e re were En gli sh_sp-eakers readii g A frik"aani ..;r;;;;;;,All this gave cause for grave ."";;;; the Broederbond whichstarted agitating for a .,irelt_dirp.rr.J,;

English_language news_paper. An item in the report of the chief secretary (Dr Koornhoflfor the period from August 24 to O.."-U., 5 1963says: ,,press

ntEI

tk)r

1:

n:rnlf

,is

e

5

t

de

e

IiS

275

task group: the following recommendations are presented'. .--lrlifrri

an English-language neYlpap.er be established which is

.q;;;"J ,o ..rJh ,r,.,o"p lelvel of Et'gutt'-tptakers and by that

arrirt t exercise influence."Whether or not the Broederbond played any part' their wishes

as expressed by Dr Ktornhof were realised in 7976 with the estab-

Iishment of a pro-Nationalist daily newspaper'The Cit;z.y'-I-:-'yor may .ro, b. pure coincidence, but the fottnder ot that news-

p"p.r,'So.rth Airica's genial {ert1li1e.r king' Mr Louis Luyt' is a

ilor" 'rrro.iate of Dr

"Koornhof' Mr Luyt is not' however' a

member of the Broederbond'In the same Koornhof report, it was recommended that there

should be no form of censorship of the Press' but that-the Press

Council should be retained to exercise a "dampening effect on the

venom in the English-language Press"'

Another secret n'oedJrbond document'' Ons Taak Vorentoe

fO*-irrt Aheadl published the.same year alleges. that the

"Oppenhei-., g.o.,p,', hlvinq.achieved control of the Argus

coirprrryt' *", ",rri,,['the Engfish Press in South

^n1t-1 and else-

where in Africa ,o f,-op^g"e i-rultiracial states to protect its finan-

cial interestr. "orii;;;," says the document' "demands that a

large and important-fo'tio' of tht Eng-lish-langi'"?: lt^":: tl-:^:t

.orirr,ry is not controlled by a powerful inter-Africa and lnter-

national money gt;;t ic,t the promotion of multiracialism' This

monopolistic stranglehold on ou' fututt must be ended as soon as

possible by state intervention'"The Government did not step in to strip the Argus 9?-p"t'y

shareholding, fro* the "Oppenheimer gto'p'" But it-did leap in

to prevent a merger b"t*tt"1he Argus -o*p"'y and South Afri-

can Associated Ne*,papers in 1g72:lf the merger had taken place'

the entire English e.i.' "-pire in South Africa would have been

under one grouP. . iA f"r.lrri'ting feature of the Afrikaans Press is the manner rn

whichithas.eporteddisclosuresabouttheBroederbond.Inl963'when the Sunday'ii*r, broke the first T1j?t exp-osu:: of the

organisation since H.,i'og't Smithfield Address' South Africa

was agog. But not a word If 'f'"

raging controversy was reported

in the Afrikaans newspapers'" Mori recently' the-Afrikaans news-

papers have stopped t^reating the Broederbond like a sacred cow'

f,r', ,r. r.ry .r..i.,1in the *iy i' which they repo.rt on the organ-

isation. They never initiate news about it and usually react to other

276

ne\I

news items on the organisation in a highly defensive tone.what was even more remarkable about the 1963 disclosures wasthat while the Afrikaay, n"f.rl-ilp, _r_, the South AfricanBroadcasting Corpo_ration, urd., th'e chairma"rirp "?:,ie Broe_derbond chairman, or na.y..,;"i;'i, upon itserf io interrupt itsregular radio orogrammes on several occasions to defend theBroederbona. in ,i" .nrrirg'ou*rr,

"r., Die Burger expressedsome surprise at this.While interrundng radio programmes to defend something Iikethe Broederbo,rd ,rlght U"',rip.iri"g in its lack of finesse, theunderlying sentiments are not in the reast surprising. The sABc isa valuable Nationa-list-Broederborri

"rr.r. As we have seen in pro-file of Power the SABC,, fri"rr..fryis heavity laden with Broed_ers. There have been suggestions ihr, ,op jobs in the Srate_con_trolled corporarion havel"een r";;;; for poriticar favours in thepast.In any event the sprawling bureaucracy that controls the radioand TV nerworks oi South anil, i, ,rsuredly in the grip of theBroederbond and as such the se.,oice must count as one of itsstrongest propaganda weapons. And it i, , *.rpor, ,rrr, ilroot, .rocompetition. The Government _rl.,trir, , j";il; grr.l'I"., ir,monopoly contror of the service. During thJ earry rqi,, ," appri-cation by the

^t*.,t. com,pany ; ;" a commercial televisionchannel *r, ,urn"i do-r, firt. '

Apart from the bratant use of the SABC's radio services for thedefence of the orsanisatiorr, p..hrp-r'th. .lor.rt Iinks that havebeen drawn .rm."du..ing ;il.i;;; ft0, *h.n South Africa wasembroiled in debate abou"t -rr.rr,.r;;;, ro inrroduce a terevisionservice' In 1968 thelogiam.k".plrrg out television was breachedwhen vorster sacked il aru..r'rr.i^** r. Minister of posrs andTelegraphs' The arch-.""r..rr"iirr."o-."H..rrog had long resistedtelevision, or, as he called it, klein io, oop (li*le cinema). He re_garded it with deeo 5uspigion and ,rid it was rhe instrumenr of thedevil. In a debate "r, tfr" i.r,r. i, ifr. ar.._Ufy in May 7967 he ac_

:.:^::d the Opposition of ,"frrior, -oiirr". in agitating for a tele_vtslon service.

They were interested onry because a group of their friends wereout to make a profit, because South af.?, would be forced to im_port TJ films propag.aging mixing "..os rhe colour line and be_cause advertising would engender", ,.rr. of dissatisfa.r;;;orgthe country's non-whit., .Id ,. i"n"-. race relations.s2

277

With Dr Hertzog stripped of the Posts and Telegraphs port-

folio, the clamour for teievision increased and pressure mounted

on rhe Governmenr;;;;;.i;ta Commission oilnquiry into tele-

"t1'rl}"."-ber 1969 the Government gave in to the pressure and

announced the appointment of such a commission' Mr Etienne

il;l;;,- ,h" Unitei P"'y't spok9sm.1l- on communications was

unimpressed ,rrd toti iiJ n"t-uly: "Nine commissioners (out of

12) were Afrikaans-fi;;ilg "'d tht.t"-ainder English-speaking'

When one looks ., t"r"t "'-3t "i'r" Afrikaans-speaking members'

I am sure that if the majority of them *t" t"i to get together it

would be like an old'ftcli"" "1t"f of the Broederbond' with cabalis-

ii. ,i,.r, secret handgrip and all'"33

Dr Piet Meyer. Ex-Broederbond chaitman and present head oJ the

278

He was absolutely right. The commission was headed by DrPiet Meyer, who was simultaneously head of the Broederbondand of the SABC. Along with him on the commission wereBroeders Dr J S Gericke, Moderator of the synod oi ii. N.a.._duitse Gereformeerde Kerk; professor H B Thom, rector of theUniversity of Stellenbosch and a former Broederbond chairman;Dr P J Riekert, economic adviser ro the prime Minister; Dr S MNaude, President of the council for Scientific and Industriar Re-search; Dr G Beukes, head of the Department of Afrikaans at rheUniversity of the Orange Free State; Dr S J Naude, financial ad_viser to the Nederduitse Gereformeerde xerk; DrJan Schutte, as-sistant director of the English, Afrikaans and Spe-ciar Services ofthe SABC.

It has not been estabrished whether or not the remainingAfrikaner, Dr P A W Cook, under-secretary in the Department ofBantu Education, was a Broeder at the time. It is more than likerythat he was. The rcmaining English_speakers were hardly notedfor their lack of rympathy to'the Nationalist cause. professorowen Horwood had just given up his job as principar of the Uni-versity of Natal to become , Naiioraiist Senator; professor S MLeighton was professor of English at the Broederbond stronghold,Rand Afrikaans {.Jniversity. ihe remaining English_sperk.'. *r,Bishop R Cowdrey, assisranr bishop of th"e Rrr"gti."rr'Chrr.h l,Cape Town.

The Broederbond was quick to move in on the act. The Minis_ter of Posts and Telegraphs, Mr M C van Rensburg, announcedthe commission on Dicember 31969. Two days rrt.ith. Broeder-bond sent out a secret special circurar to alr its members. ,.Dearfriends," it said, "now thrt or. friend, the Minister of posts andTelegraphs, has announced a commission of inquiry lrrto th. i.ri._ability and possibility of a distinctive televisitn se.vice for ourcountry, under the leadership of the Execurive council chairman,we are pleased to announce that this matter was discussed before-hand, at the request of our prime Minister, at the previous Execu-tive council meeting. Brother Meyer informei the Executivecouncil about the basic specifications the Minister had set, withwhich a possible television service wourd have to comply b.fo.. itwould be considered by the Government."These requirements are that:(a) It must be integrated into the existing services of the SABC

and there will be no continuous, parallel service.

279

(b) As a statutorily-controlled service it will be subject to strrct

,., rmru:;",:':;:::::".-ffit'J'*"""" to a medium for

play-films .f 'f

f '"tt'' "J 'ft" th't l"t will not try to take over

or limit ,nt r"tti"o"t'c,iif" ptess' the film and entertainment

(0 ;f:',:l';ice will arm m1i1lv,1',li:T::-"and educating in the

intcrests of our country and a-ll its nations'

(e) .In no circumst';;;; it be a commercialised service in

scarch of protrt' as is thc casc particularlv in Amcrica'

(f) lt must providc' " t;;; "

po"ibr"' "p""" cultural services

for the Afrikaans-' English-' and'n'ntu-'ptaking national

'' r# ffi:il'J:' ;: ff :f "'liil vi"

""' i" * th e m a t t er' 9"t.u "

u

"^o^sive its support tJ"'Jitit"ttive South African television^servlce

ihat will comply *itrlliiir"te high.and imPortant requirements'

It will thus not b'';:';;l;;it'"t #u be a pure replica of ovcrseas

services, but one 'i" *tff UV definition prevent all the'excesuve

and undesirable effects of overse" ty'*-' on particularly the

morals of the populaticn and particril"fv of tht yot'th of the

country."The Executive Council requests all branches and members that

are interested " ' ;s;;i;"i'"a'n:::;ii::"li il3i;;Jg1: :;the Chief Secretary for personal .pres'the commission (Broeder Meyer)

--.^-.^r ,^ hen.le th'"" l, v o, "r. .oraii tr, ;;, .,. gl"'iv,':i:::t;3":,lilii] tfJ:;:T;

*.rni.r,ion with the highcst degrcc o

inform members':L;;":il;'lt?1 'uo"t this in a discreet wav be-

t i: f,: : tl'J:rT.'":':'Fo.. *on "

c on clu sion Jl' u': lerb

on d h a d

decided,l"" *ot'ld be a tllevision service' The commission of in-

quiry was 'ot'Iiitl3i"li""a-atminated' ergo there'would be a

television servlce' While the commission was busy with its "inves-

tigation", the Broederbond sent ou1-the following communication

to its membt";;;;iar letter siotit' d't"J l"g'"tt 3 t970'

"The Executi"t c"J"ii *o'ld f*t t" it""k heartily ihe.branches

for their opirriorrillJl..o-*"ndations about the possible intro-

duction of television in our to'""y'l'-' Of 'nt 104-branches that

commented, 101 expressed themsat"' i" favour of the introduc-

tion of t.lt'i'io" o'i it'" U"i' *t'ittt *"t set out' Throughout' it

was empha'i"itrt"" tht t;;* ortr"'-ttt"' l' "ff"ttit'e

control and

280

:_

rtt

the greatest possible insurance against any misuse of the mediumnow or later to the damag. ,rd disadvantag. of or. -Christian

National outlook and riGslyle. Along with t[is it r, "mlpi".ir"dthat no good or evil lurks in a technoiogy ,, such, but very muchso in rhe manner in which it is used .rrdlh.t iri, il;;;;;;y_pr_

thetic Nationalist Government introduces such a service than toleave it over for a possible, later non-National Government ..."The Executive counc, chairman has carefulry summed up a,the points and comments thar the branches sent t;. H;;;ronallyensured-that the commission of inquiry gave the ,...r*.y atten_tion to them. Our organisation .r., ..r, i'rsu.ed not only ihrt th.real and correct data- will appear in the report, but thorough con_sideration and well-motivat.d recommendations w,l also beglven.

"The Executive councir chairman has undertaken to inform theExecutive council fuly about the effective methods that are re-commended to contror terevision in our country, if it is intro-duced, to the advantage of our nation and, countr y before the report(of-the Commission) is handedir (own emphasis).,,r J-'- -"-

In other words, in a flagrant breach of i'ar[#entary procedure,the chairman of the commission of inquiry, who was also thechairman of the Broederbond, was .almly urdertakinf ,o ..r."tthe contents of his report to the organisation before he reveared itto the Government or parliam.rrl Ap.r, from the morality ofsuch a practice, other questions also arise.At the time of the announcemenr of the commission of inquiryinto the feasibility of setting up a television service rhere was in-tense activity in the electronic world in South Africa. one of themore active firms wa-s Teljoy. This report appeared in the RandDaily Mail on Decemb er Zi t'gOq.,.A telerrisio" f."r_g ..rip"rry,which has taken several full-page advertisements and advertisedwidely in the Press, is to begin iistailing TV sets in South Africanhomes.early next year. The Iets . . . willie imported from Europe,according to the company managing director, Mr Theo Rutstein... More than 7 000 people had

"ppirched him about leasing serssince the Government appointedli. ."r"-ir;;;;;;;;i*.u. . n.said' Altogether more tiin25 000 people h"Ji;;;'r.",rirr,,u,company .. ."

The Star followed Ip !h. reporr the following day. Mr TheoRutstein-of Teljoy told the ,r.*rprp.r, ,.I want to .rrrk. it .1.r,that we have absolutely no inside information on television,s ar-

281

rival." The newspaper added: "A number of Nationalist Senators

are directors of TeljoY'"At least one of tft""L *" a member of the Broederbond' and

had thus been told ttt'i ttt" commission's chairman and the major-

ity of its members were going-to support the introduction of tele-

vision in South Africa. rIt3ofu"."-. or,. of the biggest television

rental comPanies in South Africa'

Needless to say, 'f* iAnC's television service is no less pro-

Government than i;^;';i; t*vice' An article by John van ZyL a

former lecturer in communications at the lJniversity of the Wit-

watersrand ,rd TV ;;;;;;;"t""d in the magazine Reality ofJuly

1978:"TVr.*,h""'""tttfbuilt-infeaturesthatcommentvisu-ally on the words 'pokt'

by the newsreader' The use of lurid or

emotive graphics .;t";;;tit" "t*'' The map used by SABC-TV

depicting South W"" Af ita and Angola has an arrow pointing

south, with a hr-;;; and sickle at th; northern end' Other local

"".-pf* are the usc of crude caricatures of Carter or Castro' con-

trasted with the ,""1 'lidt of a smiling' benign V-orster' When we

ioot .tor"ty at SABC-TV news some depressing features emerge'

"The absence of overseas news ot"o^tt t'"""it'gt' the fact that

the SABC has o,tlyl'J" t"ft"tt""ive overseas' and the excessive

use of certain news commentators gives the news a bias which is

always noticeable '"a t"rnttimt' is"do*nright crude' I cannot im-

"ii"J ,".,ft., t.l"'i'iot' service in the 'free world' (that concept so

assiduously Ur,,ai"J-'io"t by SABC-TV) that would tolerate so

;;;;;;g;r pre-digestors, or masticators' of the news'

"It is comm""'f;;;i;;;; ;h" television programmes that of-

fend the sensibilites of SaiC-fV are summarily banned ' ' '

"Two surveys L"a"tta by The Star and the Department of

Journalism of RhJt' U"it""ity respectively have revealed some

interesting statistics' The Star reported on June 121'976 that Cabi-

net Ministers were getting ""iy 10 times as much ::!:t"t"-:l

i.j.rlrio, ", ,pok.J-., io. all the country's opposition partres

combined . . '"This is, of course, not the whole picture'

'nt l:l'^:-t5ilCabinet Ministers for the promotion of Government vlewpolnts

uncritically can by no means be regarded as ncws' The only place

where this might iake place is within a discussion programme' and

then hopefulty, *ith^ a critical interviewer' or an opposition

spokesman to test the validity of the viewpoint'

"Apart fro- th" Cabinet Ministers' theie is a series of familiar

282

i;

J;

faces of pro-Government-brack spokesmen and white spokesmenbelonging to the 'pyramid of a.ce^sr, that can be relied rpo., ,o ,.o,out.obligingly the faTliiar bogeymen of commu.,irm, cor.rptblack governments and,hypocrltical, Western politicians.

"The Rhodes survey . . . investigated the ne*s broadcasts over amonth during the period Septem6er_October 1977. Akhor.rgh thefindings were not totally conclusive, some of the results are sig-nificant. It was found that32per cent of the news times was givento political representation, i.e. reports pertaining to rhe poii.i., o.principles of political parties in South Africa. fhis is arready sig-nificant in terms of thi proportion of ,hard news, ,rra ;f.rrforUrr.news'.

"of this time,47 per cent was devoted to showing and hearingof Government of{icials and National party officiars. Thirty-fourper cent of the political time consisted of hearing statementi fromor news about Government and National partly officials. v/henthese figures are comhjned, it may be seen that gi per cent of pol_itical news was centred on Government or Nationai party officiars.The rest of the statistics are depressingly predictable.

"It is obvious that the party in p"*". will always have an ad-vantage of newsmaking and newsworthiness, but ii is only a tele_vision service which is overwhelmingry an official service whichwill provide such an accessible platflrm for Government viewswhich are not tested or probed by irrform.d interviewers. It is this,finally, which makes our television service an official one ratherthan a national service.',

_ Shortly after a reporr of. this survey appeared in the SundayTimes, SABC-TV devoted the bulk of one oiits programmesaa todenouncing the surveys and denying the concl,riio,i, reached bythem.

, - Among the most influential propaganda agencies for Broeder_bond-Nationalist ideals a.e the th.eJ mai, Afrikaans churches,particularly the two largest, the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerkand the Nederduitsche Hervormde Kerk. The smallest, although itbelieves in separation of the races, has lately become quite out-spoken in its questioning of anomalies, inconsistencies and lack ofmorality in major aspects of Government policy, for example thecornerstone legislation embodied in the Immorality and

^Mixed

Marriages Acts. But the two main churches are, as institutions,committed disciples and in this context more rerevantly, advocatesof the teners of apartheid.

283

The churches are a highly influential.force in Afrikaner society'

The Dutch Reformed fh""ht' are virtually synonymous with

Afrikanerdom. AII N;,i;i Prrty leaders "t 'it""h Calvinists

from one of the d;';il;;thtt' Sir de Villiers Gt?aff' former

Leader of the Opposition' once repo-rted that when he visited Dr

Verwoerd after the;;;;"" *'iif" i" 1960' the Prime Minister

referred to God -;;;'; a dozen times in the course of a two-

hour conversation,';;;;;o';J th"t the fact of his survival was

proof of divine "':;;;; ;JN'ii""^ri" policv'35 It has also been

reported that memb'e's of the Go"tt"m"'t frequently consult do-

minees on matters oi it"t'" Not surprisingly' th'tll lht dominee

enjoys high status t" 'ttt tt'atiional Afrikariei social hierarchy' A

strongly Godfearing ;;i;;; qt"f'11: the Afrikaners place great

store on the statem?'it' "ta attitudes of their church and tend to

iollow its lead unquestioningly' . .r- - ^L.r"-^L ^larrcAs we hrr. ,..,1:;;;;, i"?ir ch_aprer, the chtirch.play,s an tm-

portant role in tht ;tl;i;Jjir" or s""th Africa' Its involvement'

for example, in the languag5^meditlm stru.Sqle'was 13-11r-derable'

Many domineesh';t^;;;;P; from.their pt't"plt into national poli-

tics, the -o,t o#o""i"'*pr" beins the first National Party

Prime Minister, p' p n Malan' Atto'ii'e to Vatchefz the Dutch

Reformed Ch,"th^i"-So'O Af it' is the Inly body that-rivals the

National Party in #;J; Ap"" from its influence on policy' its

principal irrpo't""t for Afrikaner nationalism is that it'is largely

iesponsible ft' ttt" tfcrtt"tt "f the -Afrikaner

community' It has

certainly been a ;'ffi;'i;;* ['r'i"J "ationalism' The Neder-

duitseGereformee'd"fttfinparticularcontinuestoplayepafa-mount role in rh.;;li'it;iiii; "'f

s""th-Africa' ttt tv"o-d,1"-ach vear

are warched with Leen interesr in souih Africa because it then for-

mally pronounces on cardinal political aspects'

The fifth most numerous group oigrotdttbond members by

profession ^'" 'n'-'io*inees' there are 848 of them' Following a

power struggle ; th:;:;];' t'"" -c1i,'ter

16) the Broeder dominees

have secured control of the top po'ltions in the Dutch Reformed

Church familv' il; il;t;iti tr tnt Ntderduitse Gereformeerde

Kerk of SA, p' p p f'f Beukes' is a member of the Broederbond's

supreme r*ttt"Ii'" Co"''tlt' The Western Cape Moderator' Dr

J D "Koot" vt';;;';;t i;;i;' Minister's brother' is a Broeder' as

is the Eastern Cape Moderator' ?t 'T du P Moolman' The

powerful No'tf'"'l 'nd Southern Transvaal Moderatures are in

the hands of Broeders' DrJ E Potgieter and Dr D P M Beukes re-

284

inr

t)'.irhsts

lerDr:ero-'as

en'o-

ee

Aat:o

l-t,

i-vh

e

s

t-

S

spectively' Tbe skriba of the Hervormde Kerk, Dr p M Smit, isalso a Broeder.From here, through the provincial formations of the church,into the.parish pulpits and the church,s various prUfi.Il"rs, theBroederbond leaves a tra, of important representatives and evang-elical agents. If it is a rruism that the Dutch Reformed church isthe National. party at prayer, then it is equally true that superim_posed on this image is the ever_present specre of the Broeder_bond.

" ,n

1:: imposingly comprehensive secret document, Masterplan

Jor a Whirc Country.: The-.Strategy, rhe Broederbond reveals justhow much it can .ely on the ,"p'po.r-oir, it, fr"palrra, ,g.r.i.,yh..1:, f..r-es its plans. Th. doium"n, *r, drafted in the wake ofthe 1976 disturbances among South Africa's bracks ,ri r.g.. a.rr-tic action to settle th. .o,rrtiy,s racial f.oblems, mainly by meansof an accelerated programme of acri""^,rr.i"g ;#;;l'lvo.igi.rrtRantustan pglicy to iis logical conclusion. Linchpin of the master-plan is that blacks -,.rrt b. moved out of the ,,white,,

areas andinto their bantusrans as-fast as posrible.-From there they could pro-vide South Africa's labour ..q.,i.em..nts as migratory workers,preferably on a daily basis.

.4.-rj". part of the plan is devoted to propaganda. Under thesub-heading The Strategy aimed at the priuate sector and the GenerarPopulation oJ the white ^ciuntry, the document says "In the strategicplanning of south Africa rt ir ,...ftJ thrt in the defence of thecountry, only 20 per cent can be achieved by military p..prr.a_

ness; the other 80 per cenr depends on spiritual p."pr."ai.rJ . . . apopular movement fed and supported by ".,

orgr.risation with themeans and manpower to give-effectirr. i.rd.rrfrip ,fr.""glr.ut thecountry, on the one hand to establish a positive .ii-.t.6r the ex-ecution of the masterplan, and on the othe. hr"J;;J,;|^, air..,part in combating radical ideas, must be created immediately.'Just as radicalism has abandoned the use ofporiti.rr -.rrroa, ,oachigve irs goal, so w,l a counter-action have ,o pr.rir"i-fotri.,and be less- dependenr on poritics. In practice politics w,l have torely on.and exploit the climate thrt th'. .ornter-action establishes,to enable it to achieve its objectives.

"An unwilling and unmidvated public opinion that is con_stantly urged to make concessions ,rri .hrrrg. ."r, .r..rr.rrity U._come such a hindrance to the Governmen, firr li .r.r.r., ".fri"".its objectives. That must be prevented-

28s

"Such an effective counter-action will of necessity have to be

defensive, airr"r,li"'tiJi'rt""*rtage about the objectives and

methods of ,rdi.thlm -i'-'

Sooth Lf it' and about its specific

characteristi.r. n,ait'i- "tio' will have to be stigmatised in the

same way thrt ..tloill * pt" it in jeopardy are currently stigma-

titlL"rrr,".rce to radicalism must be engendered on a broad front

and there must be tt-l'J-"ion on the -various

aspects of life' The

calculated manncr in which rarget groups or individuals a-re iso-

lated and "rtr..,gtd?c,--titi' Jtttp'ttd "lut'

must be countered

by calling fo, , t'"'lth, 9"i1t" btt*t"n the values of the indi-

,ridual and the ,.f"' "i family' nation' church and other conncc-

dons and' as far as the youth i' to"t""d' for at least one gener-

ation to place the t;;ilt;it firmly on group connections''By cm-

'phasising the value of group connectlons' tht p'ot"ts of 'dctribali-

,.tio.,' can be fought at source'

"Just as th" yo'th i' t"ttt'tly being encouraged to resist disci-

pline, parer,a "ii't'rtv" ttr"i'L "'iho'ity

eti so tt" th-tf,-:^'

brought lrr,o ,.t'olt" 'g'"i"" what is decadent and destructtve'

Against ttt. ir,,t'uiti'r,"t""f"ttot"t'd disintegration that charac-

rerises the radical ;;:i' ;;-t"t ut o'e fundamental creed (ge-

lofsgrondslagl ,pott *iilr' ' Urt "d *o'tJ view can be developed

and according to *ilh;h;ght and progress can burgeon in all

":ff:X*itir. rid. of the counrer-acrion is to spread reliable and

relevant irrfo.matiot, .orrtir,ro,"ly an-d to disseminate it through

the mass media. i;::;;*" l"'i"r"a*' of the principle basis of

the policy, and especially.the p'og'"""bting maie with its imple-

mentation' fuo'i the radical contentions that the policy is ultima-

tely ineffectut' tg"o"*" 'bout th,e moral foundation supports

the allegatio,' 'n"?

iit policy is a breJ of human values and of

tH;'il;;:1TJ,rr..r, ation and preparation stratesv su cceed and

to get the masterflan accepted as-a national priority in all spheres

will require l,'gJ';il''"iiltt'a-fronted action' so that the in-

itiative can be *"'itJf"- tf" radicals and come into the hands

of those *f,o t"ty t*if" potity' Liaison and co-ordination with

all bodies ..,a -J#;h;; ;i; public life and *t-""'1'-ot'""t""must be Ur",gftti"it Uti'g' Bogi:s whose co-operation must be

won are the following: the Afrikaans churchei' the FAK' the

SABC ,r,a orU.r'l"Jii ti"lf"Ang the Press), teaching and educa-

286

t:l

tion' including teache-rs' organisations, the South African Agricur-tural l,nion (many of whoIe r..,io. offi.irl, ".";;;;aLrl *r,fr lr,provinciar and district organisatiorr, th. AJrikaanse Handersinsti-tuut, the Federated ChamLer of Industries, labour organisations,municipal associations, women,s organisatio.rr, yo.rih organis_

3ri::r, Rapporrryers, Junior Rrpportry.rs and other culturalbodies not namei rbo,u-e, ,"a ".r"'ifrrnnels will have to be estab_Iished to give effect to our ideas. . .

'Just as for the white.cou_ntry, a central body must be estab_lished for every homerand t9 rr.rp ro.m prbr. opinion in favour ofthc policy' The nationar leaders ,na ,r,. pubric media, parricularrythe radio, will play an imporrart ,ol. in this regard.,,,-- _rr,

orO:. .to implement ,hir, the plan says narionalism must bernculcatcd in the

,black groups .long *iih ,y_prrf,y-with theChristian National outloJk; ,ilrfrl, ii. f.ame*ork of , .o_p.._hensive strategy, Afrikaans .d,r.rtlo, organisations must helpestablish similar organisatio^ i., th" grr,r-rr.rrr, ;;;"j; whichthe Broederbond-controlled Trr.rrrrrl Onderwysuereniginghas al_ready begun; sport must be used to for,., this spirit of nationar-ism' The masterolan arso ca,s fo, .orrid.rable concentration onthe black youth. .,The your[ ;;r;1. inspired ro respect rheirleaders, their count.y ,.ri their future. Essay competitions, debat_ing contests and yo,rih-.o.rgr"rr"r, ,"tr... they learn to know theirown leaders,.must be held.l'Finally ir comes again to the pubric media. "The da,y news-papers' contribution cannot be tverestimated, ,ro, th.-!"-rg.they do if they undermine ,fr.p"fi.V.'It is, howe,,rer, the separareradio services for the black nation,

",1a ir," .omirg ;;i.;;;; ,..r_ice. (for blacks) that must play an enormous role here. A publicopinion sympathetic with ihe'hom.ta;;;;;;:'o"i, lol .r,_tural organisations and social r.*r.., -rst be stimurated on thisbasis . . ."

The document argues that SABRA, the Broederbond,s creation,tho$d be developei i.rro ,f,. "rri.rri co_ordinating body for theimplementation of the masterplan.

..^1\,In:"*n this plan, ar least as far as the public is aware, is notyet ln operation on the scare envisaged in the Broede.t;"; do.r_ment, definite features of it are ...Jgrrlr.bl. i" pr.*", i.rl,.. ,,South Africa. As we,have ,..n ,Uou.]fol irrrtrr.", SABRA is busywith congresses for black child.., ,riilrison with ho-.lrrd p.r_sonalities, and is concentrating much of its attention on the teach-

287

CrS.ThesABCregalesitslisteners/viewersconstantlywithpropa-gl"a, - i.".". 3r it" Co""t"ment's apartheid p:litl. and em-

;;;;;.t matters that put the homelands in a favourable light' one

interesting factor in their presentation is that SABC maps of

Southern Africa A*,Vt shtw the Transkei as an independent

country, but never tiJ equally independent Bophuthatswana (at

the time of writing i;h.;;;;; independent nine months)' one of

the major ,rgr*".r1, against the Bantustan policy is that without

p.roper consolidatio;;;lt';t' the so-called homelands can never be

viable. Bophutatsw,;' it cut into six widely scattered chunks'

which hrtdly makes impressive viewing on a map'

The main rr..,, oriuJ 'i"ttgy' the cJmbating of "radicalism"'

is being implemented with a vengeance in South Africa' Heavy

censorship hm b"." -itposed'

inc'iuding onslaughts on the Pro-

g..rri,r" if.ikr"r, w'ite"' Bannings and detentions are a com-

mon featur" irhiuiti,g" p",*iirr "Iadicals" fronr active opposi-

tion. In short, , {b.;i;tfle arsenal of authoritarian weaponry is in

of..r,ior, covering every aspect of South African life'

Many or most of ,h.t" features were ope-ratl'q t: a greater or

lesser extent at the ,i-" itt.l mastcrplan wai draftcd' but there have

been marked .lr-;;;;ns since' Ir4ost notable of these' perhaps'

was the security p,ltuth of October 19 1977 when widespread ac-

tion included the ;;;;il J'r'" black newspaper Thc Wo.rld' thc

detention without trial # its editor' Mr Periy a"!?':: the ban-

ning of the editor of the Daily Despa.tch' Mt bonald Woods' the

banning of the Ch;;; Institute and its leadcrs Dr Beyers Naude

andRevTh"ofot""'aittpublicationProVeritate'Accordingtofigures compiled b;1i; S""'h African Institute of Race Relations3s

byJune 1978 there'were 306 pcople being held in detention under

South Africa,s various security laws. At ih" "r',d

of May that year

,, i"rt, 115 people were under banning orders'

1,. South Aftica in Trauail, p 33' SAfnstitutc of Racc Rclations' 1978'

2. vrt.h.i, w H. Witt Laagcr' P l!0 .. ,

3. Sccret s.o"d"'uo'Jd;;;;""' Dit AJrikantr-Brotdcrbond: 'n Historitst oor-

sig, October 1968'

+.-S"tiait Perspectiues in South AJrica'-p 65'

S. V.tch.t, W tl, Whit' Laager ' P 197 '- . .

6. Malhcrbc, E G, Edutatioti'in iouth AJrica' Yol 2' p 40'

7. Ibid. P 44.

8. Ibid' P 101.

9. Ibid. P 45.

288

e,fttfte

l0' FAK Silwcr lubircc rg29-r954: Dic s-tryd om Motdertaar onderwys.I l. Malhcrbc , E-G. Education i, Suuth ajrilo-, i:ol 2. p aj.12. Ibid. p 106.

1? Y.rf:h"1, W H, White Laager, p 105.14. Malherbe, E G, Education'in'iouth- Africa, yol 2, p 106.15. Die AB: 'n Historiesc Oorsig, Halfcerifccs'Oktobcr 190g.16' Sccrct Brocdcrbond documcnt in tt" fo.- of a commcmoration pro-._ gramm(., datcd Junc 5 196g. p 5.l7' Sccrct Brocdcrbtnd do.r-.'nt, Die AB in die Heire, oktober 1 196g, p 4.l8' Sccrct Brocdcrbond documcnt, ,4/rikancrskap- Een en vcrdeeld, chairman,s ad-drcss. 1972.19.20.21.22.23.

ta-t1hcr, W H, Whitc Laagcr, p 103.rbid. p 104.Malhcrbc, E G, Edurutio.n in South AJrica, yol 2, pp 47, 4g.Sunday Tinr's, August 28 1966.Markct Rcscarch Africa Survcy on bchalf of the 1g20 Scttrcrs NationalMonumcnr Foundation,.and.quott.d by H L Wrtt, in a papcr, .q Srril-andlym.ographic Portrait d Engrish-sptaking r,vhitt south Africintsi riii

"-'*' "Malhcrbc, E G, Educition'in Soith A;fiira, Vol. i, p +0.Vatchcr, W H, Whitc Laager, p 90.Ibid, p 98.Sccrct Brocdcrbond documcnt, Sabra. o l.Sunday Tribunt, April 22 1973.Swart' c F, Politiike Profiere te.n opsigte uan Kontemporare Aangeleenthede vandie Blanke crootstedeliki

_Bevorking 'uan

die LVit'watersrand, Rand AfrikaansUniversity 1977, pp 634.Thc,biggcst English-languagc prcss group.Malhcrbc. E G, Edutatioi in*South Airica,'yol 2, p 6g1.Rand Daily Mail, May 4 1967.Ibid., April 21 ts7\.TV Topics, August 14 1979.Vatchcr, W H, White Laagcr, p 110.Ibid. p 110.Ibid. p 114.Rand Daily Mail, Junc 29 1979.

24.25.26.27.28.29.

30.31.32.

34.35.36.37.38.

289

16 The Struggle for the Churches

"A faith," wrote Arthur Koestler in his essay 91-t?t3"nism' "is

not acquirea Uy ,."o'i"g' O"t. does t'oi fall in love with a

woman, or enter rh";;;; of a church as a result of logical per-

suasion. Reason -r; ;;;;; "' "t of faith - but only after the act

has been committed, and the man committed to the act' Per-

suasion may play a Partin a man's conversion; but only the part of

bringing to its full ,J-to""ious climax a process which has been

maturing in regions where no persuasio' i"' penetrate' A faith is

not acquired; it grows like a tree' Its crown points to the sky; its

roots grow ao*r*,'a i"it irt" p"t and are nourished by the dark

sap oith. ancestral humus'"Such is the stutt ";';hi;h

the Broederbond's deeply rooted faith

in the God-sanctio""atigt"tousness of its cause is made; it is not a

belief acquired by t;;;;:;g' That the organisation' and,gen"erally-

speaking nfrixrr,"'il"- 'ii"tgt' does have an unshakeable faith in

itself and in God's;i;;;i;g i"t"'il i' dot'' is indeed afa-ct' This faith

goes to the essence oitU tfr"t the organisation embodies' One may

argue the merits otiit Ltlltf, but tliere is no arguing the fact of the

belief. \.r--The organisation takes as its uitgangsplrf (premise) the convrc-

tion that Afrikaners were placed by -G-od

o" tht southern tip of

Africa to fulfil , ,piti*"i,-tJligio" calling' With missionary zeal it

believes that its ,.,io"' and th"ought' t"'i" fact' ordained by God'

So solid is this U.fitf that the or"ganisation perceives in.attacks on

its credo and existence sacrilegious assa"lt' on the Kingdom of

Heaven and its plans for the arrangement of earthly affairs'

Just as, in Koestler's terms' "one does not fall in love ' ' ' as a re-

sult of logicrt p..,'""io;i; ;; is logical persuasion '.

q"o: tool with

which to question the Afrikant'/Btotdttbond faith' For all the

characteristi., *t ittt-ittt Af ik""t has taken as his own' he has

found supportive giUtit't rationale' Apartheid' for example' is

held to be the -r.rii..irrion of God's "*p,.".i"t"ntion for South

Africa. Attempts io th'kt that belief by logical persuasion are met

290

IS

e

lr-rct

)r-oflnists

rk

rfitt.n,f

rh

a

t-ln:h

)-te

h

e

s

S

It

with an impenetrab]e ryajf of dogma. The dark sap of ancestralhumus has so nourished the rree o?anil"rr.r faith in its particularhistoricat course and develop*."i ririi, ;;;'##il:'r:., ."."and essence' He wears that conviction like an armour which is im-pervious ro assaurts of criticism and reasoned attack. ro ,1i.g. ttr.tthis armour is the stuff of expediency is ro^ underrare rhe quarity ofits mettle: the berief' h.o*"u.. ,hJi lr, foundrtion. is aLsorutcrysincere. And it is all-pervasive; it permeates the strata ofAfrikanerdom's hierarchy and the-Stite in a relatiorrrrrip orinseparable intimacy.It is the intimacy of long association. As the Broederbond saidin a document to m.mb..I at its l97i Bondsraad:,,The history ofthe Afrikaner nation cannot be written without ,fr. trrr.ry of theAfrikaans churches."r f'he docum"ri go., on to point out that theAfrikaner nadon was never in its exiltence without the church.Y/hen official institutions condemned the Great rr.r, ti. trekke.sdid not dissociate themserves from the ch,rr.h and form their ownreligion. when British imperialism iri.uded on the freedom of theBoer nadon in the two ,,Freedom .Wars,,,

Church ofnc;al, ^naprr_dikantejoined the fighting forces in the fierd. o".i"g-irr. .i,. ,raawful days of degradatioi, the church sent dozens of predikante toits people in the wilderness; it defended its people against foreignallegations of all sorts of crimes ,"arrr-crr.rstia,

"ttltrdes duringthe Second Boer War.

. In the years of reconstruction, when the imperialist raid hishands on education to angricise the Afrikaner children, churchmenjoined ranks with educattnis" ""a oii-,.rs in the struggle againstMilner and his cohorts. The Church was a constanr, faithful pres_enc.e_during the dreadful years of the poor whites crisis."Consider," urses the _document,

,.the Church,s missionarypolicy and a*ion "on the br;ir ;i;;;arare eccresiasticar organis-ations for various natio.nal, -r"rrg,r"g. and curtural communities.consider also the meaning thrt"trr"trr"rch's deliberations abourour race rerarions in the light of scripture had for ou."foriu.a,social, and constitutional ,rirrrg.-.rrr. lfr. fact that the Afrikaanschurches clearlv declared th"emserves against integration andblood mixing b"r,re., white

".rd ,or_*hite gave the Afrikanernation incalculable mo1{ support." This crose union of churchand nation has inevitabry spawned .1..i., who became nationalieaders in other spheres, noiably politics. Equally inevitably, thechurch and its affairs became tn.aifur, or,#nr"La..l.ral'i, ,rr.

291

scheme of things Afrikaner' spiritual comfort is a vital ingredient'

Accordingl, to"t'oi'Ji;#ti;;ht' utt'^it a vital ingredient of

Broederbond po*.r.-Fr.* it. ti-.^of ,Jr. organisation's found-

,* * the J oh ann esb ; ;iliil'i".!:1,' # t"rU:: S;31';:1.r? gi"." iersonification

in the form or

" t T l:','1,.n.,,in g, g i v en'h : .cqt t*I':'i:J,,5 tf ffi1

$;r1,1+r :i;1{iHI 3T,?,'::rr".'t}'ii:frIl!:;:,f il:!,::::f ,^:;.';tl|ir;tlf ,:::::.il,*:f :::X[:J:::,. EJa and the world if it keeps "' '";ir.;;;;JrJ grrtit,'dt ' "::*h**,:.T;J#l;i*3?li"T,H*-;;;;rii,lll'o'"ferenccs are not Jil;ti:iuv-c'a uuii*i"'petuatedtv Him'

iq",ri,v!",v"*,,til:T,L?f *jtll'$:;:;q::i:1,emisaPPreciation o

p.opi. into differe';';';;;-"d "'tio"' ' ' ';;; ho,n tht word of

Go d en cou'^g"' g ;;'iu'' t',I'l:'i*::I ; TJ.T':I ff *:ii;m:;xl'::ffi : ::'+;;$t1': ; J''i." *'i v i"a spi ri'lu a,v

advanced have a fi;;i";';;"r.4....r,if '"f ^n'"t'11":,::the less

advanced" ' 'ne't';i;;;;" be l''j and ftrmed tor't'ards inde-

oendence so that :];ilii;;i"v *il be equal to the Furopeans'

trt .rch on his #';;;";'v "d t'ch '"i'it'g God in his own

fatherland'"The whole basis of Afrikaner religion is a strict l:'^T "f

Calvi-

nism. Iohn t'"'' i"^''Uo" 1o 5"tttilp'"t"'" it 1509' but lived

*ort of his life '"'s*"^'rand'

A *;;'Ji;;;tere intellect and be-

lief, he was a "f#;;;;t *'gt"'tJt"'ry to purify the indi-

vidual. According to his bclief' Af fiftt t"t"partm::t: should be

permeated *itt''i"tiglon' Central to his doctrine was a belief that

God had fo"-ota'it'-td certain of *"[*a' the Elect' tocternal life '

and orhers ,. ul"l"r,a". g. i*gt r his followers that they were a

.h o,.,, p eo pl e ;' d" ; ;;; ; I * :':lt""H:,Tt'f :illii1;i.:t tI;*rf.-;: *: ";H1f :"

" * r,L;;

;;" in church s ov ern-

ment. He also ?"tit*"i'*'rv cr'iitiJ"'p"ttit" in barring the un-

worthv ""* ti'']';;;;;;tl' rt''t'-*'it'ed an inquisition which

worked,r,.o.,fi ffi ;i'";"*::i,it'.'.-J,l;"T*l?ffi ;Il:council had frightening Power to P

292

CA

he

St

t.,ft-dF

n

rr

e

cause of terrible cruelty and suffering.. Adultery, blasphemy andheresy were all crimes pu"lrnrCt. Uy Ur.rrirrg at the stake.Calvin himself was party to rhe h..y .".".rri", J fri, friend,Servitus, for heresy. Calvin,s do.tJr. spread through Europe,taking its firmest trota. in Holt rrd, wh.r.. ir was imported ro theempty shores of South Africa in the sevenreenth ...rrury by theearly settlers, rvhos.e baggage ,f*ryl ir.fuded the much_consultedand rreasured family ni-U"tei --t- -'

The ptimary erement of Afrikaner belief is that the State is divi-nely ordained and created. It is -rega.ded

a_s completely indepen_dent of its citizens as it is " -rrir.r7.tion of God,s'w,1. The state,therefore, has excrusive powers ;;;;;^h. citizens. Accordingty, rherulers of the countryare really r.rp""ritr.;;il;;A;.":Tn.y, t.effec, are God,s earthly ,g.rrr, ,iri"g in His name.B"Given this berief,

'trri^r..iuen-cy- with which governmentIeaders seek the guidance of Duich Reformed Church ministers isreadily understandabre. The ao.trir. .trongry ..j";;i;-.;nceprsof popular sovereignty, the qualitf

"i r, t.r, ina ,i. origi, orsovereignty in the mass^of the people. . . For tir. rrr""r.g1r-r. of th.DRC and the National party, ,t* i"r. i, merely the symbol of di_vine aurhority, for use onry ty trr. ciristian and by those who are'politically mature.' Brt porrlrrio, o?'tn. ,ror., iri;;;;", ..r_veys no authority to make laws. Laws are God_giv.rr. if , gorr.rrr_ment does not act in accordance with God's w,l, it roses the man-date of heaven and can t.gltirnrt.iy tJr.pl.."d.,,Not only does the church girr. rpiritral sanction to the apartheidstru*ure of South Afri.can .o.i.ty, uu, ."a..ir-irl""ir,

"#" ..--position. The three main Afrikrri. .h,r..hes are "f ,;;;;r;d intosegregated white, Indian, coloured, and African ."ril*r,- " ,i*_ation which is causing considerable tension. V/ithin the Dutch Re-formed Church ,,family,,, th. ,,rro.r_-*irite,,

churches are referredto as.the "daughter churches". In the realities of the 1970s, the"mother church" is facing ,rgry--..rort from its rebelriousoffspring. a a-) '-The dissenling progeny is waging a srrong campaign for theunification of the .hi.:.h _ pr.r."ntiig a srrong, Biblicallv_basedchaltenge to the atso (a,ege.irvini[iii.rr";;Z J#""r1r1, ,n.

Parent .hy,.h.?f apartheiJ and all its ramifications.r revor Huddlestone, the well_known Anglican priest who wasexpelled from S ou th, A frjc^a,. ha s elo quentl y .r"rr.f.li ir,lr,

"prir rir r,racial rationale by the Afrikaa"r ih;;;l in his book Naught for

293

Your Comfort.4 "ltcarries with it the implication that all racial dif:

ferences are not .'lr ;jiltJ Ly God in.His act of creation' but are

to be sustained by H#;;;J *J tr time' It further involves the

assumption that there has been no intermingling of races through

the centuries without-los, ".rd, presumablv- sin - since such lnter-

mingling must be, ipsofacto' ton"."y tt' 'h" Divine Will' And it

makes no mentlon t*t"'it"t

of the'intervention of God in the

world in the Person ;fil; St"' In other words' the view here ex-

p.",,"artl':::,".*uXJl*:m;;il,',fi'-"&.1*"1'1ferences, lt ls tne vl(

sav sub-Christian "if'* than 'Old Testament" because I suppose

thrt ,o-.*h... btfi;;'i" tu*"t and murky twilight theology

it represents, there are remembrances of the Gospel message' I

t'L?T.Tj,intTn., the catvinistic doctrines upon wlich the faith

of the Afrikaner i' 'o*i'tttd contain^within themselves ' ' ' exag-

serations,o ai,to"'it''iffi t9;.;Y'r"i ttttt it is very hard indeed

Io ,..ogrrir" ,r,. cr"-i'ti"' aitr' they are supposed to enshrine'

Here, in this f"""iit "otion of the immutability of race' is present

in a differen, f"'*,''i'""p'lJt"i""ion.idea: the concept of an elect

people of God, th""ti'l"ic above att etse of John Calvin' And'

like so manv tth;^;;;;; tt""pl"'ttd from their European con-

text, it has been, ;;;;;;;itt"lv p"'h"ps but most -T:,'1'' "t'

rowed still further '"o

rntt' South African preconceptions and

n.:lr1t:::xactly the meaning which the Afrikaner likes to give to

the Great rt"rt' i"i as if"-tfr'ritt' oflt"l had their Exodus and

their journeyi'g'';;;'J tht wil'lert'ess to the Promised Land -

so the Voortrekkers;;;;. escape from the EgyPt of Britr;h domi-

nation and to fisi; th'i'-;;;ih'o"gh tf' ",1'l'usl::^:l-tn' nt*

then ' . ' Just " tr" di'jii*" trlsrael had a divine mission' a divl-

nelv-siven t.'atJlp *hich set them apart fr91 anf over ' ' ' the

indiglnous n"rtll, fni;t;"il;;r"J'*" with and conquered"'

so the 'Afrikaner;;;k;^;;; had its unique destiny o-n the continent

of Africa. It is to be, for alr time, the nation representing purity of

race: whiter,.", ai"i"try-ordained t"d gi""' Logically' therefore'

the native p..plJ;':ffi;;i' ;i,,i-,,' pla"' ihev are in South

Africa by right ;iJ ' ' Bui they must kno'w their place' They are

to be led, to be guided, to be governed by therhosen people' That

is their destiny' it i' t"""' irithe noott''Ot if it isn't' ought to be'

Calvinism,withitsgreatinsistenceon.election'istheideallysuit-

294

dicaretherghrer-dittheex-Ji{-n. Iose

'gy:. I

able religious docftine for white South Africa. It provides at thesame moment a moral justification for white,rpr";;;;d an ac_tual-day to day reason for assertins it.,,The Afrikaans churches in South-Africa suffer such attacks withindignation' It is inreresting ,rrr, ,- Broederbond document ofApril 6 1972, ons Taak: KeTktii-coarai*-srrg (our Task: crericalReligious) contains a list of trr. .o--"n alregations made againstthe Dutch Reformed churches, i".1"ai"g most of those coveredby Father Huddreston. It refers to Huddresron's type of faith as"liberal pink religion,,s and *r.r* li, _._U..s to expect and beable to identifv thi religiour "rr,i-rarrion" from such quarrers. Iracknowledges thar th"Ilt.grtior-ir',,,la" that the apartheid policyis un-christian, arong with other Afrikaner Nationarist halrmarks,like Christian-Nadolal Ear.rtiorr^iifr. ,..rration being that thelatter rwo are murually exclusivej. iio*.rr.r, it does ,J, ,rr"_p,tg givr. Rrblical justification r".

"rrlorirs rebu*ars of the accusa-tions. A fairh ,,nourished by ,fr" Jrit ,rp of ancesrral humus,,, theabsolute righteousness of th. .rrr. ir-ro ingrained that justificadonpr:sumably has become tedious and obvious.

But that is not to say that the churches do not take such attacksseriously. Again, without substantiating its own cause, it ,r.g", it,supporters ro be on the defensive and Iook out {il;; ]rrrrltr.Ensure that the wa,s of the toogr, *illhord against artack, withoutexamining first whether the .-o.r,.rr, of thJhagr, ,r.-*.l,hy ofdefence' In another secret Broederbond document, the nature andtactics of the ..enemy^,, are explaineJi, a.trlt. The docum ent, Diechristen-A,fribaner -'s.y Toer^r" i*g'irlne christian Afrikaner -His Test and StrengthJ, sayr, "rh. Spionenrs and enemies of theAfrikaner are realising with more .tr.ity that his political convic-tions and general IifJ and worrd ,,iir"a9 have a deep rerigiousbasis, and that his associarion with the Bibre and his attachmenr rohis church are of fundamentd -.r"i"g."Therefore, there are, attempts to io erode the religious andChristian world view of the Afrikan., ,rd provide it with a newcontent that an attitud€, whereby he disparages or denounces hisnational bonds, can also U. ..g'rJ.J ri cfr"rlrrlrr, _ ,.i raty ,.more christian than-the attitudJ of tie Afrikaner who strives forthe maintenance of his "r,i""J- .o"rrr..tiorr.,, The ChristianAfrikaner, continues the docum."r, fr* a clear awareness of hiscalling' "The knowredge of GodJ;r;;r rie waterright within hisown nadonal existence, but he does accept responsibiliry for the

ithrg-'ed

1e.

:nt:ct,d,n-Ir-rd

ro,:

l-l-i-te

ltrf

he

t

295

conversion of the nations in his midst and round about'

"The patte.r, i, trt'l''?;;;h" Christian Afrikaner' the voice of

the Church of Chti't i'J"t-gtt" wei-ght' The Church is associ-

ated with the words:-i" 'pJ'ftt the iord' The enemies of the

Afrikaner realise tiit- itftttefore' ecclesiastical declarations

whereby multiracialis"'- i' p"ttnted as the real life pattern and

separate freedom t"d t;itd;J""i a""tt"Dment is branded as im-

moral and anti-Chr;;;;" welcomed and exploitet'' evel by the

.non-ecclesiastical "p;;;; of

'nt Afrikaner' The intention is to

make as many .h,ll;;;";, forriur" declare themselves against

apartheid to make tht^Ct"i"i'n Afrikaner doubt the honesty and

scriotural basis and Christ-obedit"tt -of hi' own churcn:'l"U tt

;;.'d;,t;;;;id;;;;;;";i th^t hi, church is presenting him

with a false moral 't'id"d' by approving of inlependent de-

velopment o, ,.p""i"?tta"- iot itit nation - while this is actu-

ally un-Christian "i i*-"tal - then to remain as a separate

nation with separ"t ft""l"- would- be like Ichabod with his

struggle ,ra ,,'if"' ti'f" Ct"ittian Afrikaner had to believe that

his striving fo, "tp""" f*tJ"- for himself' as distinct from that

of the non-white, f;;;;;;ri, irr. p."uticians could just as well

drop aparth"ia; tnty-*ouiJ ""t tt 'blt

to maintain it'"

Significantlv' '#d;;;t;; does not then defend its stand in

favour of aparthtiJ";;i;;'al o,r r.eligious grounds'o:t,'' terms

of the survival "f th; Aftikane'' It is a"clearldot'-"t"ed admis-

sion that the tsroederbond at least "g"J' the religious content of

its policy in politicJ"'-'' in sectional Afrikaner terms at that' It

says: "False ,"ft""t-tripples -the nation's will to fulfil his own

calling. Ard *ttt'";";# calling.of the Christian Afrikaner pre-

scribes an independent separate exlstence' it is clear why he does

not trust ,t. pt""l"Jtoiit'ntt of the liberals' The latter-want the

Afrikaner to bt 'o Ch'i'tl"'-tolerant that he can be swallowed up

or dominated by other race groups (uolksgroepe) '"Elsewhere in the same docum*'i' i' tt?tti' 'i' ' ' the ecclesiasti:l

cal agitation tf'" ""-es the colour of hostile politics; our nation

is in the path of -"itit"idism in S-outh Africa' And furthermore'

if these ch,'.ht' '^'itt"tJ' i""tt' Africa with its riches will fall into

,fr. i"ra, of othtt powers - foreign oowers!"

It is bad .,ot'*ii #;;;t ct'y'gr] r"t to endure such onslaughts

rrom "alien" ";;J;;;t;;; ;;; i'ith' ""h as' ror example' the

Anglican, Methldist and' more particularly' l9T" Catholic

churches' r," *f'* it comes fto- *iihi"' ftom Afrikaner church-

296

ofi-le1S

rd

1-

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ifTI

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is

rtrtu

nls

;-rfltn:-5

e

p

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o

men' the establishment church acts fast and ruthlessry to stamp itout' The Broederbond, which permeares the churci at arl levels,is usually-the agent and catalysi of such action.Probably the b-est exampre of rhis is the astonishing story ofProfessor Albert Geyser. Btrn into a decply religious family _ hisgrandfather and great grandfather hacl founded the Nede r,uitsche

Heruormde Kerk - he giew up in a pious, but humble home. Hisfather, Petrus, *r:j .ril*ry'*orker, his mother, Nina, a typicalAfrikaner housewife.Albert-and his brother were the pride of their home when theybecame ordained as ministers of trre HeruormdeKerk, second rarg-est of the three main Dutch Refor:med Churchcs. Albert was abrilliant studenr and went on with his studies until he became ayoung professor of theology at the lJniversity of pre,orir. rr. *r,an ardent Nationalist andLnformed in every possible way withthe Afrikaner stereorype from which he had J_;rgJ,;,r"i to th"point where he was a member of the fervently nationalistic youthorganisation that sprouted in South Africi d".;;;';il i930s,largely as a result oithe Broederbond's flirtation urri, ,rJ admir-ation for, the ascendency of Hitler in Germany

^A logical step from here would have bcen ,o b".o_. a memberof the Broederbond-, and he was, in fact, twice invitel io .1olr.However, he refused on both occasions, heeding th. "aJ.. of hi,father, himself a Broeder, that: .,If you p.rr rro.. by the freedom ofyour conscience, beware what organisations you joir.,, ii"

"U.r_ration apart, Albert Geyser was"smiled "d" i";;iy ,r', ,.r"Afrikaner son with a promising, possibly i..rr, frtri. ,t .ra ofhim.

The early clouds_:l i-t-"."ding conflict began smudging thishopeful horizon in 1954. ina uJa..aror of ti. Hrrrorri,re Kerk,

?. A GJ Oosthuizen, returned to South Africa from a WorldCouncil of Churche; legting with a serious problem: he had beenchallenged to provide Bibricil justia.riio, for apartheid and foundhimself in the humiliating po"ririo., "ii.irg unable to provide aconvincing reply. A Chuich commission was duly appointed atthe.first opportunity to scek and find scripturar justification for thepolicy, to which the church faithfulry subscribed. In fact, the pol-icy was reflected in the church's o*', .orrrritution, Article Threeof which stipulated (and continues to siipulate) ,r;i;;;;;gadonon racial grounds. The commission was to consist of two mem_bers: Professor B Gemsar of the University of pretoria, an Old

297

Testament expert; and Professor Albert Geyser' the New Tes-

tament expert' . :hdrew from the commis-

Professor Gemsar' an elderly man' wrt

sion and *,t "pt""i';;;;il;' gld restament speciaiist' Dr

Egges Mulder. P,.#';t';l'^'::1t: 'nt"'i''g his task with ab-

solutelv no doubt 'h"It-;;ta fum it to the-Church's sadsfac-

tion. Ii was not, rro*.r.., a lasting to"t'lttio"' The more he

searched, the more his doubts grew until at last, after exhaustive

'research, he came '" tf" p*slonaliy 'h"tttti"g

conclusion that

there was,'o tt'ipt""'rl"tinl"itn for apartht'td ?t Y^:]j:t *"

confronting ' 'i-#t;l;-""i' ant' i'i"pt"dently scouring the

Old Testamt", t" t"*e to the same conclusion'

With trepid"it' ;l;';*; -ir"oto

gl"'-'^;"ta their Church' and

read their reports''i;;t;';" p"a"*o"i"t"' rn" synod erupted

into incensed argument: this wasc"'*^'V i" every tradition of the

Afrikaner; irlt *" t""'ih" aftik""' iJtti"ttt" h'd lived under

a terrible misconception; it would Ut-' Uttt"yal of the Voortrek-

f..rr .ra thei' sttt'g'ie if these t"::l-,"rTt *1nf":::ti.|.;::-..pi"a rhe Chur.ch refused t-"'"tt:1.:;'r;;;;;;;ever

been seen

io'rit *"tt quickly pluckcd from vrer

since'But Professor Geyser had involuntarily launched himself on a

course fro- *hii'i.:ffi "", U" diverted; his study and integ-

rity had placed h'* ;' a collision-tout'" with his own establish-

ment which *" t'"It""ffv '" t"'a tJ" "'tional

and-international

issue. His next step along this :Tltt *" *t"" Dr Verwoerd' at

the time Minister'oi NLi'" Affairs' introduced a Government

white Paper p';il;";;'i bl"k' be prevent'9 l'::'''"terlnschurches i'' "*r'ilYi;;:"' Therevras "'t'ttty'

during which the

oro-National" lil*'p;;'' 5i' u'a''i'"J' p'tr"t'ed in editorial

appealing to tr't'pti*tt-fui"i""'' Mt i;;iji"m' to^tak"e such a deli-

cate marter "r,'.'i',ir.'t r"J.-.f th. tvtirritt"r. Professor Geyser

wrote a letter of support to the ""*'i"pt'' which was published as

' ?tl,-t;::St'T'1" the dock at the next svnod or his church'

where he was charged with contrat""i'l* Article Three of the con-

sri tution . H"'d]:1f1'v"#; ;; ;" ;v'' 5a

"

no *'u "" iL1' criticism

of a Church h;;;;l'd never b" to"t"td as transgression of the

law. He *^' 'fq"it'ed' but - 1"'ir{*:'r"."r'$;llf:}ifi::.l.;

":*-

.,}:' ;ff;"[lffi::'['n'lili" r; ,,,l.''r';rch' s General

298

r)r

F

:-

e

e

Itse

c

J

e

r

commission' professor Gcyser ignored the injunction and usedevery opportunity ro proclaim thit the Afrikan"er ,rJ t i, Ct r..twere heading in itre.#r"d;i;#;r'rra that the urtimate victimwould be Afrikanerdom itlerf. The church wourd not torerate thisand started introducing measures ro rrop it. One of these was theintroduction of a he..iy clause i"a ,rr. constitution. Recalls pro_fessor Geyser: "I was so naive. I fert so sure that a, this had noth-ing to do with me and I in fact ,orla *irn ,fr. crowd. I assisred ther-.rrh_y^as he forged the irons to .t"_p me down.,,r: j969 sharpev,re occurred: that tragic exprosion of viorenceand death in which S..r!! African fofi.. opened fire on Africanmarchers, led by pan Africanirr Roi.rt Sobukwe. The marcherswere proresting against influx conrrol and. the i"diil;; oihrrirgto carry "pass books", the hated identity documents which domi-nate black lives in South Africa ,"J;;;. come to symborise arl theramifications of apartheid. The shockwaves of sharpeville rever-berated throughout South Africa ,rJ ,n" *o.ia.-i_"rrg ,frrr"deeply moved bv ,what hrd hr;;;d was p.or.rro, Z;eyser,whose conviction thar aparth"id ..,1.r'.,rir was strengrherred andnourished' It led him later to edit a highly conrroversiar book, De-layed Auion, in which he and i0;:; Afrikaans theolosians at_tacked race discrimination ,na ,p"rtt

-Ja. o

The book coincided.with the .q;y conrroversiar cottesroeconference of the World Council odCiu..tr"s inJohannesburg, in*Jri.l majgr aspecrs of apartheid *;.. roundly condemned andwhich marked the end of Af.ikr.rr Jrr.t participation in V/CCaffairs. Cottesloe nresenred the Broede.rbona *ir.f, l"_rJor ser_back. In a time *h.n, clerical ,.uol, ,gri^tapartheid was gainingmomenrum, the hardline artitude of tf,. WCb ,gri,_,r, ii, ioh.i",could hard]y have come at a worse period. Dr Verwoerd, anxiousto contain the damage, Tr.q. placatt.y noises in an address in theNew Year of 1961, rernindinj the elelto.ate that the decisions ofcottesloe remained to be ratidea u/irr. i"ar"rarrr".irl.n rrr"ar.The Broederbond immediatery ,., ,o- work to mobilise churchopinion to make the ,,correct',

decisions at the coming synods. OnJanuary 9 1961it sent out a special circular to its members. It an_nounced that the Executive iouncil nrJ n.ta , ,p;;i;i;..r_g ,,Pretoria to discuss the cottesloe decisions and wanted to report to:t:.,i:-b"rs "to prevent any serious detrimental effects on ournatlon as a result of this conference.,, It repeated Dr Verwoerd,sreminder that all decisions had to beratified by the synods and im-

299

mediately followed with its own standpoint on the decisions' It

was opPosed to the ;#;;'' 'it*'t"t tot""ted people should

be represented by ;;i;;;; in ?arliame't "'d that "domiciled

Bantu in the whrte ;;;;;;t"ld have politit'l and other rights'

,,on the question of -i*.d marriages,.our standpoint was and re-

*;il;; :;lpo" the existing leglislation'"

One by one the tf"tt'rn'i" 'q'fiikaans tt""th synods dissociated

themselves ftorn tf'"itci'io" of Cotteslot "d withdrew from

the World Council :ffi"ttft' g".lt tt the churches have re-

mained uneasy 'uo'i Cottt'lot t"tt 'it"i-"'d

t"ttt today' eigh-

teen years later, a d;J;;;t o" tht i"ue persists within their

"'iff.r*rru', reviewing the tot:"]o:.,:'.':: j:.'".Executive

council of the nro"a.r6or,d reported: "It was necessary from

time to time to h";;;i;"s discussions about the effects these up-

heavals *... hrrir'g:;;: lrrri."rr tife.-sv mutual consultation

with Broed"" it"?n""'rt'it"i'ip tf ;ht uttiot" churches' the

Executive council iilt;;;;-h1;i i" i"po*er to Prevent a split in

the uolkon this ""1i"' it"'Execlutive Council regards it necessary

to urge all Broeder''i' 'r" rt'dershir Jf

'ttt ""it"s churches' and

every Broeder as ' *"'*ut' tiir' tfr";;il^; to-b't'tht spread of

riberal ideas througt^ii. .trr.h. For ,i,.^po.i,i"",aaion of Broed-

ers in the edito'ifil' #';;;;h -magazinei'

svnodal commlsslons'

moderature', ott"' th""tt bodies t"'i" -ti"taining the unity of

the Afrikant' i" tt""ri"ti naa' tnt r'*tt"tive Council has only

;**5ff:,piTi::f; Gevser continued to be a th'o1n in the

flesh. The n"'t tt'''* tame when' *tn^t;; the journal lnspan'he

openly crossed '*"'a' *i'h the BroJtB""a' *ttitt' he described

as a "malig""t'gto*th" that *'-' "o*odng disunity between

English- .'d Af ii;;:-'P;;;i's solir'-nrt';ns' Discussing obr

stacles ," "'u"'Jil''ul' it *""ta that the Broederbond was op-

erating litt ' t""to i"it'e fibres "f ""ity-'"a compared it with thd

Mau Mau,Jt*" KJ;'io;t g"til" *ho were terrorising whites

in Kenya " trt" i'it''i;;;;'";;rible accusation' particularlv from

an Afrikane', *#;;;* st"irt African feeling was-running high

against ,t'' t"'ul'gt;;-;i (Jhuru f";;;; io-ir"""o"h' "Instead of

binding tt't "t"'i"?' ""rtv ;; *tott ptortssor Geyser' "the Broe-

derbond r uo'v flo"rishing i' "t'*i '"J i"

'!:- d'TY:ts of that

bodv. There is'ot'ly o''e body which can grow in secret inside

,rroih.' " ' and that is a cancer'

300

tiII

1

I

ltd

c

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l

"one gathers that the Broederbond is the darkroom assistant ofthe ruling party and even domin"r;;. b.aasskappeople. Everyonein this country who honestly d;r;;;'rnity must^srrri, irri, malig_nant growth' It percorates inio every fibre of our "rri"r.i ,rity. Itsmorals are the morars of the d"rk

"rd murky "igi.i*iestruc-tion and elimination of the r....rorgirrisation, .Jor rrJL.anch, isone of the first conditions fo, "r,ltf in South Africa.,,

Meanwhile, he continu.d to ter.h theology at the (Jniversity ofPretoria. The church and its "rr.._*lr.nful agent, the Broeder_bond, beeame increasingly aware it r, ,o_.rt ing would have to bedone to check this erosilon in their -iarr. If it was arowed ro con-tinue' the very soul.and spirituar .""*rr of all that the Afrikanerwas striving for politically might be terribly

""a....r1.r.a. young

aspirantpredikante.*ere dangetrrly under the influence of a manso radical that he disputed ,rr"" coa-Jr*tioned righteousness of theapartheid cause, andiven .hrr"rrg.d1he churchys niuti."i.igtr, ,oremain a segregated institution.The final move against professor Geyser was protted at a Broe-derbond meeting in pretoria ,t th. rro-. of professo r F J van Zyr,a colleague in the theorogy facurty. il;.. ir was decided that threeof Pro.ssor Gevser's st"uients rt.;rd take comprehensive notesduring his lectures, se-eking -r,..iri-*hich might be contrary rothe teachings of the Heruo1mde.fr"..fr.The three students, H G van a., W.rthrizen, W C M de Beer,

Td I Engelbrechr eventually drew up an indictment and onOctober S 1961, it was announced thai ,,professor A i G"yr..,outspoken critic of racial discrimination in the church, has beencharged with heresy against the doctrine of the Nederduitsch Her-vormde Kerk.7

^ ,.a.:iq charge *", ,lro Ur"rgfrilgrirri frr_,namely that he had failed to obrerve ,, ora., pr.f,iuiriif ..i,i.ir-of Church laws or decisions.

^,_O, October.24, 15 black_clad, white_collared church commis_sloners assembled at the Heruormde Kerk headq"rrr.., i, itr. pirtvan der Hoff Building in pretoria,o..y*fr.i, l.rr"*p*r.r. ,fr"trial, already, .orrt.oiersial affair, "p*lo rnauspiciously when thecommissioners ruled that it *orld b" h.ld i;.;r_";;: lir.n ,,least one theologian at the dme commented was contrary tochurch Iaw'8 The Church furrhe*nirgonir.a observers by refus-ing a request by professor Geyse, ,o f,rrr. a stenographer keep arecord for him ofthe proceedings, and to use a tape recorder forthe same purpose.

I

301

to

While loca1 members of the Church - the only people ailowed

to attend the hearing - drove. milel lo

watch the case unfold'

churchmen in Hollan? became incensed at what was taking place

in one of their "d;';";;*hes' "Such acdon is contrary to

church custom," said Dr P A Stempvoort' Professor of New Tes-

tament Theology 'l int L"t1'"tt'W of Groningen' "lt seems 'to

confirm the impresit"if'l' there ii a virtual dictatorial authortty

;:rr:;l;::x};:: ffi;""r' l:1o'o '[o 'fhe Press indica'led

that the charges *";;;; ''tttt"'it'I "*o":t" objectio^n appeared

to bc that P'oft"o" e;t;; ;'"ght heretical tenets of Arianism'

one of the ancient ;.,r,.,il .t.i..1 il;;;- The doctrine taught

by Arius of nt"*"'i""'t" tr,r" fc,"tr' tt"1iy denied the consub-

srantiality of ct''i'tl'''l said the S"" *;;;it'io' to the Father'l.

observers belie"d'';;';;'';h':":h;I;;k of it all lav the much

more obvious complaint thal ,p'ott'iJ'"4;;t hai preached

' - ?ff : ii;,*::l:-:i ;':i:ffi "

*,' I iT lli : : 9::.:" ;f rvi'[ s u n -

folded in which il;;;;;eyse-r: described as "one'of the most

brilliant ,t "oiogi'll'i.,i ;il,'f;i'1" " more than held his own'

Assisted Uy "' o'itt*i-* colleague' Professor A van Selms' pro-

fessor of Semiticil"**E* at,P-retoria lJniversity' he often put

his student "t"t"'-Ji"lo iirntt-'t'y *i'h rt" r'igly"*f"t--:d scrip-

tural argumt'"";il;h -ht

to"d"ttJ'-i" "Af ik"t't' English'

Greek, German' E""tft and Latin"quoting authoritative commen-

taries and 't"orogi'"''t"

t"pp"" his case''3

The shabb, ;';i'"t"'ti"""a amidst deepening controversy'

Many of the *t-it" o f rheHe'ruoril''x"t' *t" t-b^trassed by

*rtr,' *,' t'tti" g' ii; t t' s "pi tio"t;:f ;*5: m::t#; :l

:;:*r.x:Tl'#:J['x1l# ;'*"g"a in an ^ar'da"it "t'

the trial ,rrr, ,nli'l';;il; uniu"rri,v collragues of Professor

Gevser *t" ttt""l fi;;;t' in the i{^' O" of them''Professor

S P Engelb'"tf"' *^' '"i'"-Utt "f tt" ty"tdal commission before

which professor Geyser was appea_ri.rg'r!. otlrer t111ere Pro-

ressor a D po"t'-';'i;;;;;';;'Es lv?uldbr' who' since dropping

the,'o-i"'tintlt,o"-r.,t:'p"iheid,^ut"'iti'* with Professor

Geyser ^"n'- i"'i**i' i"*:Y"od ;;;;;;i"'e' had been pulled

u, J mto ru"#' i- gi' "" r'i'

-"' *'J:*::'il:T . 11;: t-""7

;:l'-* :'^,'l;r : ::'m ;: ff ':'Hil"i' "'i'" "

^p' o i"' o' G e v s e r b e-

302

edtd,

CC

to5-tor)'

rdrd

n,

1t

)-l0

hd

fore the trial' AII three were members of the Broederbond.The affidavit, submitted by ;,il;;iogy student who had quit hiscourse because of threats ,"a i"ir_laation by professors, said:"Before I even m.er profess".

""*.,rberieved hirmil; the big_gest crook alive." The studenr, M, e

Trgr, an Hungarian refugee,said in his sworn sratement that protessor Engerbrecht had tordhim he hoped he-wourd ,o, .o-. ,o "tit. professor Geyser toomuch," because professor- G;;;;;;"ted to eradicate the whitesin Africa' He was arso t"ra irrJt p.#rro. Geyser wanted to arow"nativesr'in the C.hurch, ,h;;;;;;g away rhe Europeans. pro_ressor ponr, according ; ;;;#;;ti;r;;;;;.;;"Iii,*y thathis financial aid couli u. *iria.r*r'ir f,. b";;;" ;roo^ii.rraly,,

;,,:[,:::fiil;Gerser. A,i,-l;;',..,,,tion *,, _,d.' against

Handing the affidavit to the trial, professor Geyser accused rhethree professors named in it or-.o,urro, with the students whohad laid the charqes against him. He said they were often ro befound in consurtalio, .ii,r, "r;;;h;;during intervars at rhe hear-ing. There was a further ,;, ;;';;re anxiety, when professorEngelbrecht admitted ,t,r, irr. ri_Jr*.

-indictment, ori.rriblydrawn up indepeng."rf u, ,rr" ,tL5'rr,ra"nrs, had, in fact, beentyped in the pretoria.od..r "irl.rl, uormde Kerk onthe church,stypewriter. At the.riT",- rfr. g.*.ri .ommirrio., of tlr. .hu..h,

:*l_was sitting i" lrdg.-ir,r'""'pr"r"rsor Geyser, had beenmeeilng at the same building.There were also _;_;;;;f per_sonal drama' For professor. cEyt.. ,i.iumph was scored when theReverend J Drever, vice-chair|r"" J,n. commission, paled vis-ibly when letters from his r." ;;;;.".ri or, at the triar. Th.y *...full of praise and support for profesro, c"yr... one of the studentac.cusers had just charged tt "t

p.or.r*r Geyser tried to indoctri-nate his classes. profeslor,G_.yr;;;;;;ced two le*ers from Rev_

U:l1d?":i,:j:"' Andr6,'*r'J * ,r,e time was studying inIn the first' Andr6 wrote that he would like ro comprere his de-gree under professor Geyser, *fr"." fr. aescribed

"r-;li;;;i; p.._fessor he had come across so far who arowed his studenr, ,o d."*their own conclusions. In the,..orl, t. said that,ft",,"rArrg i,the Dutch press abour th..h"..rf -i.rri,'rr.

wished to express hisdisapproval of rhe charges.ra -- --l !rrqr'

One of the favoragainst,,r"f p.,.r,l'['r;::';':r',Ioo"t[or,*#:,i:::*i*,::

t-;tl.

.t

:

:

303

Fron leJt: Mts Naude , Dr Beyers Naude ' Mts Ceyser ' fuof Ceyser and daughter '

desiened to isolate its enemies from their associates and friends'

+?:-#;,,-"'ati '* ' C"'""t H;rtlls o'-*Z :ljherree-mason letters. It used the same tactics to hit at Professor Geyser'

on Novem ber 12 t6il'-ii''sun!y-!i*n carried the following

report: "The Broed;;;;; h" told 69-year-old Mr Petrus Geyser

to withdraw from the organisation. Mr petrus Geyser is the father

of professor A S Geyser, who is appearing in the Heresy Trial in

Pretoria. n ."p"""'tative of the Broederiot'd called secretly on

Mr Petrus Geyser icl-gi"t him his instruction to quit' One of the

reasons given for th"' il;;J;;;;;;; '.Pulsion o'4"'.Y,lat Mr

Geyser, a railway ;;i;"; in excellen't health was 'getting old''

(This was p,""ti"'"pfty'-ftt" Broederbond does not tell its

members to quit bt;';; tf "gt' On the contrary' they have to

seek dispensation i;; ;" orfanisation to stop attending mees+

ings when th.y utio"m;;;; ;fi or infirm to tatty on') But it was

made clear to him that the real reason was the fact that the Broe-

derbond disapptovJ of his son' Professor " ' Geyser' who is

accused of heresy "'J i""Uordination before the Synod Commis-

sion of rh. N,dui'ii'i uu"'mde Kerk in Pretoria' The Broeder

who called ", M; C;yser told him that (his son) wzs persona non

grata w\th the Broederbond' ,-.,o (terrscr et his h"When r pt"

't'-tit-iltts tt Mr Petrus Geyser at his home rn

304

d daughter.

d friends.t the Free-rr Geyser.followingus Geyserthe father,v Trial in:cretly on)ne of thers that Mrring old.'ot tell itsy have toing meet-Jut it wasthe Broe-r, who isCommis-e Broederersona flon

home in

oom Petrus and his wife, Tant Nina, refused to discuss the or_ganisation at all, but were prepared to talk about the triar of theirson. "We are humbly and deeply grateful .ra p.ouJ-io U. tt.parents of a man whom we do not"only believe, bur *ho_ *.know, to be following in the steps arJ teachirrg olhis Masie, *itha clear heart and a crear mind," they told th.i.po.t...or...r.a,who continued his account: "The trial in pretoria ries rike a heavyshadow over the gentle lives of the ageing couple. (Said TantNina:) 'sometimes I wonder if the Bible hls ,roi b".o_..irr, ,toor-boekie (a book of spells and incantations) to be opened bysome of my Afrikaner people- at political _..tirg, _ ti.r.prt ,ria.and forgotten . . . So r."i.r.9f the things ,t r, "r.'i"pf.ririf ,.. ,ofar from the spirit and_teachings of ch"rist. How r"rig *ilihe su.fer them

1o. happen?,-In the G".yr", ho,rr.hold, the old Afrikanercustom of daily worship with the servants, and all who hafp., tobe under the roof is carried or. Oorn petrus was more bitter.'Among the- things which make me unhappy,, h. ,"id, i, the factthat when the State president *r, ,*o.., in, there were 30 non_whites allowed in the church. yet, when it is for the sake of christ,they are debarred from the church.' In Engrish, and without hesi-tation, he quoted the 17th Verse of the Boo"k of Kings ff, .i"pr., O,

:o me: 'And Elisha played and said: Lord, I pray thre fie, iis eies thotne may see. And the L,ord opr::/ the eyes oJthe-young man and hr ro*,and behold the mountain wisfuil of hoises ind ,horioi jjr, )rrr'"a ru-sha, My son is not alone,; saii Oom petrus.,, The report ended:Three times a.day the old couple phone their son. But professor

ueyser, and others in communiction with him, berieve that histelephone is tapped.,'Meanwhile, in pretoria, the Heresy Trial ground on throughhours and days of complex scriptural ,rgrrn..rr. The tension woreheavily on Professor Geyse., *io .r-.'rnder doctor's orders. Hehad been-suspended from.his teaching post at rhe ,rrir..rity ,rdfrom performing his funcrions ,, , *iiiit.r of the church. For six

::Tlr the hearings dragged on until at last, "" Mrt tl'962, theverdlct ot the commission was announced. profesro. G.yr.. *r,guilty.of heresy, but acquitted ,,on the benefit of the doubr,,of in_subordination. He was defrocked; his three student ,..rr.., Uythat time had all been accepted as Ministers.

Naboomspruit ... he said:Therefore, I have nothingbond."'

'I am under oath to the Broederbond.to say on the subject of the Broeder_

305

In its judgement, the commission stated it was "grieved that one

of our brother prof.rro" has been found guilty of-heresy and we

call him brck f.om ti. pxt' on which he his strayed' The commis-

sion wishes to assure him of its prayers on his account and they

will call the Church to do the same so that it may please the Lord

of the Church to lead him back'"The 15 -.-b.* of the commission that convicted Professor

C"yr.. were the Re.'e'end A GJ Oosthuizen (chairman)' the Rev-

erend J G N U..y", (vice-chaiiman)' the Reverend T FJ Dreyer

i;;.;;ty), Professor P S Dreyer' Professor S P Engelbrecht' the

Reverend P M Smith, Reverend C L van den Bergh' the-Reverend

AJ Nolte, Mr D tJ ;;; s'h{tylk'. MrJ H Lgtl Y:H A Smit'

Mr G W T Oosthui"t', M' C H buitendag' Mr F Y 1': and Mr

j rl Hlrrron. The conviction was not a unanimous decision' Two

of the 15 voted rgri"'it' They were MrJanson and Mr Ras' Mr

Janson and Mr d;; ;ttt the only *"*bttt of the commission

who were not members of the Broederbond'ra

After the ,ri"f, p.of""ot Gty"t said: "Although I had prepared

myself for a verdict of this kind' the realisation came as a shock'"

HesaidSouthAfricawouldbeovertakenbya..terriblecalamity,'unless human relations were morivated by true christian values

and principles. The erosion of Christian "'l"tt would have to be

stopped lf the peoift "f S""ttt Africa were to live at peace with

their consciences and in harmony with the rest of the world' Too

many people, he said, were closing their minds to this erosion

which was going on before their eyes' The only hope of a peaceful

and orderly"life In South Africa was to be found in a common con-

sciencewitha.orn.,to'contentofmoralvalues'"Thatiswhythe-forces of ch.irtir.,iiv t"ti Ut marshalled to see that our way of

life is in accord with the Christian conscience'"16

Professor G.y;";:;ho had vowed to fight his case to the "bitter

.rrd,'; pro...d"d-to'do just that' He took his heresy conviction on

appeal to the South Airican Supreme Court' In his declaration tq

the court, h. ,U;;; 'h" 't all t"l"'"'nt times' the 15 members of

the commirriorr,?, some of them' were so biased and (or) hostile

towardshimastorenderthemincapableofhearingthechargeagainst him in an unprejudiced manner'

Theologiant ;;Ji'; itoplt packed the gallery- of the old Svna-

gogue Court in Ptetotl " th" appeal bt!"'' Then on the eighth

day, a dramatic,"" of t"tt'ts fotcld "t 'Jjot""*ent' Watched by

a crowded court' Professor Geyser took- the witness stand and

306

onelwenis-,h.y,ord

ssorlev-:yerthe

'end

mit,MrlwoMr;ion

ued:k."lry"lues

rberithfoo;ioneful:on-the

iof

tterron1tOsof;rilerge

sketched his studies. Relating his heresy trial, he tord the court hehad hoped against hope thai the finding of the church wourd bedifferent. But it was a remote hope and he had met the final verdictwith the "spiritual callouses" *hi.h he had acquired.

It was as he starred his description of the proceedings at hisheresy trial that the turning point came. He said: "I pleided notguilty and said I believed that Jesus christ is the Son tf God andone of substance with the Father, which is my berief now and al-ways has been." At this poinr, Mr M R de Kock, appearing for thechurch, rose. Professor Geyser carried on speaking untii he *asstopped by his own counsel, Mr G p C Kotz6. Mr de Kock askedMrJustice Ludorf if there could be a short adjournment for discus-sion between counsel, in view of what proiessor Geyser had justsaid.

When the court resumed nearly 40 minutes later, Mr Kotz6asked Professor Geyser whether he subscribed to the Articles ofFaith of the Hervormde Kerk, including Article 28. luhen professorGeyser said he did, Mr Kotz6 asked him to read Article 2g to thecourt and affirm it as his own belief. professor Geyser read theArticle, which states in effect that there is only one Father, one sonand one Holy Ghost in the Holy Trinity, and that they are all equalto one another, none being superior or inferior. He added: "This is

. the creed of my Church and my creed.,,There was a buzz of conversation in the court as Mr Kotzlasked

him to read a section, substantially the same, from the churchHymnal, first silently to himself and then aloud, if those were thetenets of faith to which he subscribed. After reading the secrionaloud, Professor Geyser again said: "These are the t.rr.t, of my be-lief. "

Then followed another adjournment, during which 12 or 15members of the church went to the church ctunsel's table andconsulted, all deferring to Reverend A G J oosthuizen. professorS P Engelbrecht, who was one of the main figures behind the orig-inal heresy trial, did not join in the discussion, but remained in thepublic gallery. The three advocates representing professor Geyserconferred with him outside rhe court. In the pubric gallery, parti-san group's formed and speculated.

When the courr resumed, Mr de Kock successfully applied foran adjournment.lT What had happened was that the

-Church's

counsel had seen in Professor Geyser's statement of belief in thedoctrine of the church a way out of what was shaping up to be an

Tla-

;hrhlbvand

307

embarrassing episode in the church's affairs. During the ensuing

adjournmeni, the Church settled with Professor Geyser, agreeing

to pay all cosrs, which amounted to about R100 000. It might have

been able to save face in this way had it not been for Professor Van

Stempvoort, the world New Testament authority who had come

to South Africa from the Netherlands to testify for Professor

Geyser.on his way back to Holland, he issued a statement criticising

the terms of the settlement as "not exactly the truth." He said the

settlement was framed in Church language to give an innocent ap-

pearance. "In fact," he continued, "Professor Geyser has won the

actio., completely. The Church was afraid of the consequences and

did not go on with the proceedings. My opinion of the. General

Commitlee of the Nederiuitsch Heruormde Kerk is a very bad one.

People in the Heruormde Kerk ought to know the exact facts ofwhat happened in the whole case, so there can be difnculties for

the General Committee."Professor Geyser, he said, had always believed in the faith of the

church. His reaffirmation during the appeal in Pretoria, which led

to the settlement, was nothing .r"*. Professor Geyser had made

the same a{Ermation 16 times during the heresy trial the previous

year. "The General Committee of the Church wants to cover up

it, o*, great faults of the heresy hearing," he said' "I hope-that the

General-committee has great difficulties - that people in the Gen-

eral Assembly ask why it is that the church must Pay R100 000 in

costs. "Pressing his scathing attack, he said the original heresy charge

had been lronsense." t'They made it a case of heresy because they

had the political feeling that he was an attacker of Article Three,

which is very bad on scriptural grounds. The church has no right

to exclude non-whites."ltThe Church, which had prepared for publication a supplement

on the enrire Geyser affair, suddenly withdrew it and said'itwanted no more publicity on the matter. In the way of all scandals

the episode eventually faded into the past. But it remains a sorry

period in the history of the Hervormde Kerk, and one which cost itiearly. A number of its members left the church in bitterness and

disgust over what had taken place and in all respects the churchemerged in shame.

In the aftermath of the affair, Professor Geyser accused the

Broederbond of playing a leading role. This brought a swift denial

308

urngeinghar.e

Vanomeissor

singI the: ap-r theand

reralone.soffor

:ther ledrade

ious:upthe

ien-0in

from Broeder-Reverend T.F H Dreyer. Later, the Church ap_po-inted Mr J c oelofse to investigate the Broederbond's alleged191.e

ln the heresy trial and subsequ"ent events. He reported that hedid not "find the hand of the Afrikaner Broederbond anywhere inthe whole matter."

The final break between professor Geyser and the church cameduring the General Synod of the Hervormde Kerk in pretoria inMay 7964, when he asked for a second hearing. He walked out indisgust when it was denied. After his departtire, rhe meeting ad_opted a modon thanking the General commission of the churchfor its action in the affaii. The motion congratulated the commis-sion and rhe executive body of the Church for the,,brotherly ag_reement" it had reached with the professor after the Supremecourt case.

A further motion noted the ,,deep disappointment,, of thechurch on his attitude subsequentry. In an ,rto.rirhi.rg act of sheereffrontery, the administrator of the Church, Mr A d Herbst, ad_mitted that he had approached professor Geyser to make a finan-cial contribution to the church's costs in th! Supreme court ac-tion. Professor Geyser, now a professor of Diviniiy at the univer-sity of the witwatersrand in Johannesburg, has had nothing to dowith any of the Afrikaans churches every since. Even recalilng histreatment at the hands of the church, clearly still affects him b"adly15 years later.

. Running parallel with the unfolding of the Geyser story was anincreasing disquiet about the Broede.bond in the broad family ofthe Dutch Reformed Churches. There was growing concernamong Afrikaans theologians about the interference of"the Broe-derbond in church affairs. one prominent minister told the sun-day Timeste: "The Broederbond i, , canker in the body of thechurch. Its influence has undermined the indepena"".l or ,rr.Church from party politics.', Another told the newspaper: ,,Thechurch is one body scripturafly and cannot allow itseif . b" irrnt-trated by aly other organisation of whatever description. Mem_bership of the church is wholly incompatible with membership ofthe Broederbond. . - The church is .ailed upon ro testify on therighteousness of the State; it must even be free to critlcise theGovernment. But if the church is controfled, as is the Govern-ment, by the Broederbond, it is in no position to discharge thisduty. This is, in fact, wha.t is happening. ih. grrr.rt dangeJfacingthe church today is that it maybe pr"i".rt"d?om being"a univer-

rgeh.)-ree,Lght

lentlitlalsrrr)';t itand

rch

thenial

309

sal testimony to a universal God, through involvement in local

Nationalist or party political aims' The Broederbond's claim to

christian nationalisrn is sacrilegious: christ and nationalism are

not comPatible."The cierical revolt grew and found avenues of expression ln

books like Delayed Aclion and in a remarkable ecumenical journalpro Veritate, edited by the prominent Nederduitse Gereformeerde

Kerk dominee, Beyers Naude. -clearly

deeply concerned at this gro-

wing dissension- from such an influential and, particularly in-

Afrikaner terms, important quarter, the Broederbond launched a

campaign to stamp out "independent" thinking in Afrikaans and

nationJist cont.olied bodies.26 Orders went out to Broeders in all

public bodies, including several hundred leading Afrikaans

ihu.ch-en, to eliminate dissident viewpoints'The Executive Council issued a special three-page memoran-

dum to members to counter growing moves against the organis-

ation and against the morality of apartheid. These views, which it

identified *ith communism and liberalism, were "one of the most

dangerous attacks" on Afrikanerdom' "Even within our own cir-

cl.sl' it warned, "it is sometimes argued with a greet measure offanaticism that our policy of apartheid is not Biblical. The Execu-

tive Council solemnly .rllt o" our Church leaders to combat this

liberalistic attack o., o.r, christian spiritual convictions and on the

christian-National philosophy on which our national struggle on

the cultural, social, ..orro-ii and educational front is founded'

and to expose it firmly and clearly. . '"2r This directive galvanised

into action Broeders in Church councils, Rings, moderatures and

the editorial boards of Dutch Reformed church publications. A

"spontaneous" campaign suddenly erupted on a national scale

against Pro Veritate.

One such public move came from Professor A B du Pteez' a

senior Broederbonder in the theological faculty of the (Jniversity

of Pretoria. writing in the Kerkbode, official journal ofthe Neder''

duitse Cereior*errdrkrrk, in September 1962,he attacked unnamed

churchmen for "disloyalty" and urged a clampdown on criticism

of synod decisions in the current "national crisis." These proposals

caused an unroar and were seen as an attempt to crush any Dutch

Reformed church deviation from Government race policy. As

opposition swelled, the Executive council issued orders for press-

,i. o, the Church as a whole to toe the line. Urging the silencing

of dissident churchmen, it stated in october 7962: "The Afrikaans

310

churches decidedly cannot alrow the formation of groups outsideor within the Church to conrinue.,,22 ln thinly_rTeilei t"r_. itcal.lgd for a stepping up of the assault on pro Vei|ate, and for a ,.nopublic criticism" gag on churchmen. ,,Everyone is surely aware,,,declared the directive, "of the fact that in each of the churchesthere exist groups who are nor only acting disloyally to thechurch bur are also busy with the formation ir g.o,rp. arongsideor against the church.?'22 These elements should"be for."d to ex_press their view through ..ofticial channels" in the Church.

The Broederbond, ever-warchful and quick to attack ,t. F...-masons, presumed that behind the revolt in Afrikaner ranks wasthe work of its rival secret organisation. In Nove mber 1962, theNederduitse Cereformeerde Kerklssued a ban on Fr."-rrorr; a callwent out to all Nederd_ui*e cereformeerde members to resign fromFreemason bodies

1ld , bl yas imposed on Freemasorr".loiri.rgthe church or holding- official posrs^. This unleasrrJ-"fplriri"",particularly from church counciis in the orange F.ee stat., wherethousands of Afrikaners were members of the Freemasons.church councils started urging that the ban be extended to theBroederbond as well.%

The anti-Broeder drive extended to the Transvaal, and theSouthern Transvaal synod of the Nederduitse cereformierde Kerkwas asked in two motions to investigate the activitiJs of the organ-isation. A special commirtee under*the chairmanship olDr A CBarnard studied the-resohrtions at the synod and strongly urged aprobe in the light of the Church,s stand againrt F.."*ironry. Thecommittee said that.'rightly or-wrongly, ih... are doubts in manyhearts in the Church" about th. ,.."."t society. It expressed thehope that the organisation "will not onry wercome such an investi-gation, but will facilitate ir." Introducing the proposar, Dr Barnardsaid: "If the Broederbond has nothing

"to hide, iet it welcome an

investigation.. . I fully realise how',rer-y sensitive this matter is, forquite a number of ministers here belong to the Broederbond. (Anearlier report claimed that more than 4d per cent of Afrlkaans pre-dik'ante were Broeders.) I realise too that in asking for an inquiry Imight expose myself to criticism. yet I feel, in alihonesry, ,hr, _.must examine the Broederbond in the light of God,s word.,,

For the first time in 20 years, since the pr.g. by General Smuts,the organisation came o,,i irto the open in the form of an officiarstatement. The statement was delivered at the synod by DomineeD P M Beukes of Linden,Johannesburg. putting up a spirited def_

311

ence of the organisation, Broeder Beukes said "such an investiga-tion will only cause suspicion and uncertainty at a time when wecannot afford to divide Afrikaner forces." Points made in his dec-laration were that the Broedebond's secrecy was merely a practicalway of achieving its aims and not a matter of principle. "In itselfsecrecy is neither good, nor evil," he said.

Other bodies, like the Church, State, societies and companiesfound it practical "to use secrecy for the fulfilment of their ownfunctions and tasks." Broeders were Afrikaners who had satisfiedthe "highest and most difficult demands of religious conviction,leadership, character, temperament and selfless service to the com-munity without expecting reward." Disclosure of their names

could cause "unnecessary subjective feelings" among otherAfrikaners who, on comparing themselves with individual Broe-ders, might feel that their capabilities and devotion to their peoplehad been undervalued. Often, however, prominent Afrikanerswere overlooked for "purely incidental factors of a practical andfleeting character." The Broederbond was a "democratic" bodyand any improper conduct within its ranks would be censured at

the annual congress. Ifany organisation abused its secrecy in orderto injure or undermine other bodies or persons, the State shouldact against it. Dealing with its Christian-National ideology, Do-minee Beukes said: "The Bond supports the Christian Afrikaanschurches in order to perpetuate and strengthen the Afrikaner uolkas a Protestant Christian community and combats in particularany Roman Catholic attack on the Protestant Christian make-upand character of the Afrikaner volk." While the organisation oper-ated only in the sphere of national affairs, it also sought to pro-mote the Church wherever possible. The Broederbond believedthat "the Afrikaner uolk has been called into existence by God inthe southern corner of Africa with its own Christian mission tobring honour to His name."25

The concerted underground campaign the organisation hadbeen waging inside church organs for several months previouslypaid dividends at the synod. Broeder Beukes won the day and themotion to investigate the organisation was defeated by a majorityof about three to two. In defeating the motion , the Nederduitse Ge-reformeerde Kerk rcaffnmed the findings of a previous investigationin 1951, which found the Broederbond to be "wholesome andhealthy, seeking only the progress and best interests of theAfrikaner nation . .. not inimical to anyone."

3t2

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td

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)

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:

The very donin;e-, Broeder Beukes, who in 1963 was in a tightspot defending the organisation from his crericar .oir.rg,r"r, i,.iry supreme head oflhe Xrarrauii, Crrrt"rilrra'r;i;; ,"SouthAfrica. He is moderator of the Ger..al Synod. He is also amember of the Executive Council of the Broederbond.The same synod also marked orh.. .orp, for the organisation. Itpassed a ban on pubric criticism of church policies and there was*.url agitation against pro veritate. It did not a, go the organis-ation's way, however. In- a surprising d.rr.top;*r,- n.r...rraBeyers Naude, the outspok"r,

"dito, Jf pro vriitotr,-*^s elect.dmoderator of the Southern T.rrrrrrrl region by 209 votes to the167 polled by the Broederbond favourite, Reverend HJ CSnijders. A further setback ro. th. org;nisation was soon to folrowwhen Dr F E O,Brien Geldenhuyr,-*ho shortly b;il;; i"d quitthe Broederbond amidst the cre.iJal revort, was erected moderatorof the Northern Transvaar synod. He narrowry defeated the Broe-derbond-backed candidate, br a U nA"iring by nine votes.26But the conscience of the Church continued to stir ,r.rrity ,twiat was or:"1rgg secrerry and insidiously in its midst. one min-lster reported:,.The Broederbond,s activiiier r.. ."rrl.rg-i.rrior,suspicion and division in the church. church members cannotserve God and belong to the Broederbond: the,*o ,.. irr.o_p.aible' while the whole tenor of ,ir. niir. is to revear, the Broeder-bond's is to concear. Jesus said that rr. ,.rr". did or said anything insecret ' ' ' Those ministers who beronq to any secret society areflagrantly disobeying the Lord "iii.'tr," rch.,,z?

' the continuing ferment, Afrikaans dominees redoubred theirefforts to have the iroede.b"rril;gat.d by the church, argu-ing that the 1951 inquiry had been ,,r,rp"".n.i"t,,

and was now our_dated. Said one of ihem: ,.If rhe CiI..f, is going ,"-Urr'er"._masonry on the grounds of its secret nature, wf,y sh"ould it . gro.-derbond, with its similar nature, b" o._pt from any ban?,,BThen.came a punishing attack o, th. o.g"nisation in the form ofa pamphlet issued by the preroria theollgian, p.or..ro.^l ,r,selms, who had defended p.or.rro. c.yser. Entitl ed church andt::-r:, grfrnisation, with reference to the Freemasons and the Broeder_uunu' tt was an eroqLrent^treatise against any secret organisationsacting in.the body oithe church. ir.'r..,io, on the Broederbondwas particularly damning. Professor van Selms said Broederbondmembers of the Church *ere hypocrites. At -..,i.rg, ,n.fp.ry.afor divine guidance, but they ;;." ;.-pelled to ignore the argu_

313

ments of their colleagues because they were committed to vote orargue the way the Broederbond had ordered them to. "I declare

openly that I regard the continuance of membership of the Broe-derbond by somebody who calls himself a christian as a lack ofmoral judgement," he wrote.

Professor van Selms accused the Broederbond of employingcommunist tactics of infiltration. "It is known that a minority of10 per cent which comes well organised and thoroughly prepared

to a -eetirrg usually succeeds in turning the meeting its way and

obtains conirol of the key positions by filling them with its sup-

porrers. The communisrs in the past played this game with fer-

,ar.y and competence in several countries. Today, however, it isnot only the communists who do this. They find good imitators in

opposite camps. Should these tricks be known to the other memb-

"i. "f the meeting, they could resist them, but the other members

do not know thai a secret scheme is' in fact, being operated' They

do not know that two speakers, who apparently support the same

idea because of their own convictions, have in fact been nominated

by the secret organisarion to talk this way. . . They think it is

spontaneous support which the one gives to the other and have no

suspicion that everything has been pre-arranged. . . There is no

point in arguing or deliberating with them at the meeting ' " they

irrrrot trlk "rJr.t in accordance with their own insight and con-

science. They are bound before they come to the meeting'"The anti-Iiroederbond sentiment moved through the Heruormde

Kerk, was taken up in the Nederdui*e cereformeerde Kerk end

eventually was mirrored in the ranks of the smallest of the Dutch

Reformed Churches, the Cereformeerde Kerk. Members of this Pot-

chefstroom-based "Dopper" church drew up a five-page petition

against the activitier oii.cr.t societies in the church, disclosing

tiat ,.more than half of the predikante of our Gereformeerde Kerk

are members of the Broederbond."ze It, like the Nederduitse Gere-

formeerde Kerk petition, argued that it was inconsistent to ban the

Freemasons and not the Broederbond. Basing their argument on a

decision of a synod in 1897, the petitioners contended that the

Church had expressed itself strongly against any secret society'

Article 155 of the decisions of the 1897 synod declared that

"somebody who becomes a member of a secret society, as for

example the Freemasons, (the Broederbond had not come into

existe^nce at that stage) cannot be a member of the Gereformeerde

Kerk, as the chrisrian church is a spiritual public society which

314

lte orrlarelroe-ck of

,ying

Yofrared

andsuP-fer-it is

rs inmb-berst.yemertedit istnono

h.yon-

cannot associate with organisations or societies which stand out-side it and which,M e a n w h i r e,

",',Ti:':,il3 : i:,1 :: i oi

:',t' i :" 3* H,T, ffi ffi ; .-menr was coming into-being. Incensed by,il;;;."yrrtrt nrasurrounded the Broederboia for severar months, a bancl 0fAfrikaners, staunch-Nationalists .". r"a all, formed in oppositionto the Broederbond- Based _ri"l; i; the Orange Free Siate, theNasionalistebond, as.it was .U.a,'trrJ a short, but spirited exist_ence' A-mong the aims risted in its constitution were the mainten_ance. of the pure application of the folcy ,"d ;;_;i;t", or tr,.National Party as contained in its conitrrurron; to be vig,ant in re-spect of the rights of Nationalists inside rir"'pr.iy.r".J.U * i,society and, above a,, to fight injusti." to*r.d, Nationarists in thesocial and economic.spheies; ," .lf.r" the Broederbond insidethe National party. It also ,"uglrir; bind NatiorrrllJrl'rlg.rrr".and organise them'prop".ly; ,..r'rg. -,rtu.l help and practical up_Iifting of Nationalisrs; prorect th.i., against unreasonable and un_fair treatmert; to .h..k-r,. "ti

rrra.iflrra.ar.rr, ,brr. ,ia gr"ftin respect of Nationalists; to ngrri*iii, .very ava,abre smearing ofNationalists by Broederbonde?s; a-.rrrrr" that Nationalists wererepresented in the provincial counc,s and parliament and notBroederbonders; to ..nrrl: thar the o.g;rrlrrtlon of the partv resred

;il.,,|ij,;i:i: of genuine Nationalist, i"a,", n,;;;#;;'.rs and

After a flurrv ofu,i'r^i,*ii;'ir;::',T,,,T'J:ilf ;,"ff Tnr'l:!;':T!::;,,,had come to fisht. In any evenr, it was really only a diversion fromthe real fight tirr continued to ragc within the churches.The Broederbond, realising ,hrr"ir, blockbuste. _.tfroJ, of try_ing to cope with the revolt in"the cfrrr.f, *... AiUr!, JJ.ii.a .,a more subtle approach. In october that year it sent out a circurarto members containing the followirg ,Jri.., ,,If the Broederbondis discussed in church louncil. -:J&;;o not attempt to stop thediscussion. Allow (iQ to run irs frif.?;.r.. Then propose that thematter be referred to the synod fo, ..tlorr.,,s2 The Broederbondwas well aware that., in this way, it coutJ conrain the attacks. fusti_fiably, it was confident ,hrt it'ff;. ,;;;;:ffi#:il undercontrol to prevent any investigation .f ;l-;ffbi;s,rLrLtrLrv u

Slowly the indomitable purior. or rrr. organisation was bring-ing the clerical crisis undei cort.or. sio*ty, it was enfolding therevolt in its smothering .-U.-r..."6ne by one, it *r, .*_

nde

mdtch'ot-

ioning:rkfe-fieDA

fre

urtbrrtodech

315

tinguishing the fires of criticism and attack. The onslaught was

d#ndlingl losing direction and power. But, on another level' the

organisati"o, *r, involved in a feverish witch-hunt. Each step in

its"campaign against the churches, and in other areas, had been

mysterio.rJy re*ported in the Sunday Times. Week after week the

newspaper ,.po.t.d sensational disclosures about the organisation,

bathing it in the harsh glare of publicity it always energetically

seeks i-o avoid. The wtrole affair plunged the organisation into

panic. Names of members were being revealed holus bolus, caus-' ing tremendous embarrassment.

th. orgrrrisation's documents throughout 1963 reflect its con-

cern at *hrt *r, taking place. The leaks to the Press began in

April. The next circular Ltter to members, Number 1163164 dated

M.y a 7963,h2d, as its first item The New Challenge' In it it told

members that the latest onslaught on the organisation carried

clearly the "communist patte.t of sowing suspicion--and under-

mining the Afrikan., ,.rd his most spiritual traits.." It assured

memblrs, however, that at the latest meeting of the Executive

council, it was decided that the Broederbond would continue its

work with "determination and strength'"The following circular letter, Number 2/63164 dated June 12

1963, conttinediunder the heading Press Reporfs, this item: "On

behalf of the Executive council the assurance is given that the re-

cent press reports are receiving serious attention' The Executive

Council is aware that exceptional local problems may have arisen

as a result. You are requestid to overcome such problems with the

greatest deliberation and calm. Please consult the Executive Coun-

fil *h.r",r.r there is any uncertainty about behaviour. The Execu-

tive Council assures you that everything possible is being done to

clear up this problem."Amorrg the steps being taken at this stage was that thehelp of

,,expert fiiends" had been called in to investigate the leak. The ex-

p..i f.i.rrd, were rhe Security Police. The investigation was placed

under the head of the Security Police, then colonel Hendrik van

den Bergh.Contrary to the placatory tones it adopted in its communlca-

tions with m.mberr, the organisation was really beside itself with

worry. It took extraordinary measures to protect itself from fur-ther security breaches. one of the first things it did was abandon,

at the last minute , the Bondsraad meeting which had been sched-

uled for the 9th and 1Oth April, because "we received confidential

316

: \A'AS

l. theep inbeen< thetion,cally'inro2US-

con-ninatedroldriedder-redtive: its

information that the date and venue of the meeting was known tothe hostile press and oth.. f.rror* That apart, informadon wasreceived that irresponsibre deeds bI hostre persons were nor ruredout. The Executive Council tfr.r#r. had.to p"rip.". ,fr. _..tirrg::;:"tffill,1o,1"' had to t'-;;;;

'" 'u -",.'., oiii. r,.,a uvLater,

- a s ; ;i:.::jl,i .ff :

jJ ;::3JX?,' ;; ; o'Ig,,,i,,,, on de_cided to hold as big a Bondsrarr;;.;;g as possible. In the circum_stances' the greatest measure of secrecy had to be observed. It wasa one-day meeting- on the f^r^ i*rrlortrir-r;;";rirf"rr.i, .,the East Rand. cehs and dGil 1J... irfo.-.d

",il. ;"ngressby hand-derivered letters. T#i;;;id not discrose the venue ofthe meeting, but insrru.r"a .".-t.i, to h."d for various rendez_vous points, from were_they were guided, under the sffictest secu_rity, to the farm itself.sa / -- - bsrr

At the congress, the chairman, Dr piet Meyer, delivered anemotional welconilng address .._furairrg frir r,iJi* J."-oi .*..p_;,;1.r1;,:fi:srances

under which the-uotkhad had to gather fromstarting with the covenant taken before the Battre of BloodRiver in 1838 he traced periods ;i;; tf,. a*itr.I. f,"i"grrr,.r.aas a beleagureduork to -urt.. it. r.*.r...s against host,e forces:the gath^ering of a number of f.".rrrral burghers at Wonderfon_tein in 1879 when the return

"f ,h;fi;;om of the repubric was de-manded: irs confirmation ar p"r.d.krrrl: the uniiy meeting atMonumenr Koooie in 193g "fr.;-il;';"wagon trek; and the Re-publican ..f"r.rd,r- in 1960. All ;; ih.r. o..rrions have enor_mous emodonar and rerigious conrent for the anlt""".. niirgirghis audience to its current situation he said the new threat wasfrom communists and .,lefris,r;;-iir."rghout

the world. ..Thestruggle against South Africa i, ,i-.d'rt rooting our rhe lasr ves_tige of white Christendom. W'e ir". r...pred ir thus: we want tobe a christian nation. In that ,pi.ir- *-. ,trra here. christ is thellq,l::r, the most powerful *fi;" ;;ainst communism. As anatl.n' we want to be an instrumint in the hands of God to takeon the struggle against..o-_""i-r^_, he said. Aft;-; trgtt,emodonal congress, filled w'ith ..G;;r exhortations and fervour,the Broeders solemnly f.n ,n. a._l^.". U, one piling rocks into asymbolic cairn to commemorate the historic occasion.aiThe Bondsraad may t

"". aorr.-_r-.t, io Uoor, the flagging mor_ale of the organisarion, bur ir aiJ".rrri"i ro ,,op the infuiiating re-

12

Onre-ir-esen

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an

:-rhtr-,n.

d-at

317

ports in the Sunday Times. Driven to complete distraction, it dis-irusted everything around it. Nothing of importance was dis-

cussed on the telephone and even the postal service was suspect.

This created tremendous problems for the organisation' Morethan ever, it had to continue communicating with its members,

but had cut itself off from its channels of communication. Nor-mally its links with the nation-wide network of cells were main-

tained by post. Now new arrangements had to be made.

The problem was overcome by sending a courier by car to. every branch throughout the country month after month. He was

accompanied by an armed guard as he tore across the country on

his maisive delivery round.36 At the end of that year an exhausted

"travelling secretary," Mr J H Swart, reported to the Executive

Council that for a week at a time for four months he had scurried

about delivering circular letters. "These journeys, which in the na-

ture of affbirs had to be completed in limited time, were an experi-

ence never to be forgotten. In the process heavy demands were

made on the car I used, especially because of bad roads; about

12 000 miles were covered in shifts of berween 450 and 700 miles a

day. with great thankfulness it can be reported that there was sel-

dom a delay and never an accident."37The organisation also believed its of{ices would be burgled and

had to "make arrangements to guard them every night." The ar-

rangements were that Broeder G F Rautenbach of the Johannes-burg cell, Gerrit Maritz, for more than 10 months slept every

night in the organisation's offices. "Despite the inconvenience itinvolved him in personally, he was constantly at his post and the

offices could be shut every night with a peaceful heart,"s the or-ganisation noted gratefully later.

Meanwhile, the Security Police, pursuing the elusive leak withfirm resolve, were drawing close to success. They raided the offices '

of the Sunday Times in Main Street,Johannesburg' Claiming they

were investigating a charge of theft they removed photocopies of.'seven Broederbond documents and spent almost two hours in the

offices taking statements from editorial staff.They moved quickly from there and the dissident theologian

Beyers Naude was interrogated by Colonel Van Den Bergh' He

hai bee., a member of the Broederbond for 22 years, a fact which

on disclosure caused amazement to outsiders, because he was

known to be a man to whom the organisation was implacably op-posed because of his outspoken criticism of all that it stood for. He

318

F

F

r.'e

;.

)s

tI3

I:!ii: r

d*1'l

*:.

Dr Beyers Naude. The Broeilerbond,sfrst defector.

resigned from the organisarion in March- that year. It transpiredthat the documents *ti.h ir4; ffii,rl.a in the sunday Timeshad been in his oossession and tf,rt fr. frra shown them to a fellowtheologian, *ho *r, not a member of the Broederbond. His col_llasue

had photographed ,h" d;;;;;;t, .rra passed the negativesto a newspaperman. The colleagr. *rr rro.re other than professorGeyser.se

319

He too was visited by the Security Police, who again claimed tobe investigating a theft charge. In a statement to the Press, Profes-sor Geyser said the Reverend Naude had shown him the docu-ments when asking him for advice in deciding between conflictingloyalties. Reverend Naude had not given the documents to thePress, he said. "Reverend Naude visited me about seven monthsago in some distress. He felt himself bound by his word to theBroederbond, while at the same time he had a severe battle of con-science over the menace that organisation had for the Christianchurch in South Africa. He gave me a number of the Broederbonddocuments so that I could form my own judgement on theproblem."

Professor Geyser said that portions of the documents plainly in-dicated the use of the Church for the political goals of the Broeder-bond. He saw in the documents the type of quasi-Biblical argu-ment which he had come to know in the hearing of the heresycharge against him. "For this reason, I decided that the only wayto frustrate these views would be to make them public." ProfessorGeyser accordingly took the documents to his o{fices at the Uni-versity of the Witwatersrand and, using his Leica camera, pain-stakingly photographed each page. Then he gave the negatives to aSunday Times jorrnalist, whom he knew, Mr Charles Bloomberg.

He ended his statement: "Two officers, one from the SecurityPolice, visited me on November 11. I answered their questionsand in turn asked them if they \ /ere members of the Broederbond,which they denied. I asked them how a member of the SecurityPolice fitted in with an investigation of a complaint of theft andburglary. They gave an evasive reply."a0

All in all, the Security Police's involvement in something so

mundane as a theft investigation caused many raised eyebrows.The Commissioner of Police, Lieutenant GeneralJ M Keevy (whohas the dubious record of being the man who was rejected by theBroederbond most times before becoming a member) issued a'statement that there was nothing strange in this at all. If a memberof the force was considered best for a particular job, he was as-

signed to it, he said. He destroyed the logic of his own statement,however, by adding that it was "possible" that Colonel van den

Bergh had interrogated the Reverend Naude. "He questions a lotof people that I don't know about."4r

There remeined only one more link to be identified and thewhole chain of events would be secured. Mr Bloomberg had left

320

drorfes-

)cu-tingthe

rthstheon-ianrndrhe

ios.

to

1e

a

r;r,

nrt

f:.. t:ld:" to pursue his studies, but the ardcles had continuedaf ter his departure.. The man *t "',".r. "".;;ir;^;".I0r., of thereporting was Mr Hennie Serfonteir, ao y.r. oii'frriiil ..rrri.r,officer for the oooosirion p.";;r;;;'er.ry. After he had been vis_ir:l

9.1 , .rp,rin in the Cri;;;i I-r'estigation Departmenr, hesaid: "I refused to give ,ry ,rr,._.rr, t..rrr. I regarJed the policeaction as politicar intimidatio" ,.,Ji.."rse I had io kro*i.ag. or

1lv 'h:t or any criminal matrer . . . i irrr" been a freerance iournar-rst writing potiticat as.we, ,. ,or_foiili;.fr"tlrr.or, ,year" As such, I was asked to assist ii the transration of Broeder-bond documenrs which hrd;;_.'lrto th. possession of theSunday Times and r" l:,, ,1 tfr" fr"pararion of the reporrs whichtuf1"cu9n1ly. appeared in the,"rirfii.....,",r ne nlght before, as Mr Serfontein ias issuing his statement, anastonishing event took place. The South Afrlcan n.ora.rrrrrgCorporation, und;1 th" .hri.mr"rfrrp of the n.o.a..iolri .fri"eDr Piet Meyer, interrupted ;r. ."grir', radio programmes to givetwo fifteen-minute nation-wide itatements on the Broederbondaffair' one from the Reverena N".rJ.-rrd the second from the or-ganisation's Chief Secrerary, O. pi.i i.oornhof.In the normal .:r.r-. of .,oertr, ii *""fa be a requirement hereat least ro summarise both p"i"r, ;f ;* expressed during thosebroadcasts and in ,u-br"q.,r"rt a.""i"p_.nts, when certain-allega_tions and counter_allcgriior,, ;;.;;;1.. However, the situationunder which Dr NauJe ,ro* nra, fri_r"ff is far from normal. Irmust have been a matter of heart*lt satisfaction to the Broeder-bond when one of its senior_memU.rr, ifr. Minister ofJustice, MrKruger, banned Dr Naude, rf,.Ci.lJrn Institure of which he wasdirecror, and the magazine pro Vrrit)ii,' of whictr fr. *r, f"._*fy

iir?;;;: the massive and conrrov..rirt r..rriry swoop of October

Apart from the fact that one of the organisation,s membersexecuted this task, the Broederbond it."lf .r, claim some of thecredit at Ieast for this consummate act of revenge. It was the Broe-derbond that initiated the rine ,h;;;r;.rr action rike Dr Naude,sopposition to apartheid and orher ,rp.*r of latter d"; i;ik"".,nationalism were linked with the .5*Lrr,rt onslaught againstSouth Africa. Those who know p. Nr"a., , d.rro;;;;i l"".pfycommitted christian, scoff ar the absuJi,y'orrrr.i r"li[J"ri"".81 tha.t as.it may, the rife r.;hi;h;r Naude has been com_mittted, wirhour any judicial pr..;;;, -_"r^ that he may not be

e

t

321

quoted; statements he made prior to the application of his five-j.r. grg, which can be renewed arbitrarily by ministerial decree,

,r. tit .*ire muzzled. This banning, which has been the fate ofhundreds of South Africans, carries wider implications: among

other limitations, he may never be in the presence of more than

one person at a time; he may not leave the magisterial district of

Johannesburg without permission; a1d may not prepare any

Laterial, or -assist in the preparation of any material for publica-

tion. The fundamental implication and intention of banning is,

therefore, to silence Government oPponents. In the circumstances'

as Dr Naude is denied the right of defending himself, the Broeder-

bond must here suffer the same arbitrary fate and its allegations ac-

cordingly go unrecorded. SufEce it to say that in the end the

charge of theft was never Pursued.The.e is no doubt that to date the "treachery" of Dr Naude was

the most traumatic event in the organisation's history, far more se-

rious in its implications than General Hertzog's Smithfield Ad-

dress, or General Smuts's purge of the civil service' What made the

event even more traumatic than the mere horror of seeing its pre-

cious secrets paraded in the "hostile Press" was the fact that DrNaude was recognised as an outstanding Afrikaner'

His eloquent Jenunciation of the Broederbond and all it stood

for was thi worse for the fact that he came from within the organ-

isation and in fact had been a branch chairman. worse still was the

fact that Naude was a revered man in the Broederbond's history.

The Dominee Naude that had provided the vital spiritual dimen-

sion to the organisation's foundlng in 1918, was the father of Bey-

ers. It was thui a "family affafi" and Dr Naude's sringing rejection

was all the more keenly felt by the organisation as a result. It retali-

ated with awesome vengeance.

According to Professor Geyser both he and Naude were sub-

jected to a concerted campaign of intimidation and abuse' They

toth received a number oi death rhreats by telephone and by let-

ter, which were duly reported to the police, but to no avail' Per-

haps a worse form of retaliation was the resolute wall of silence

that was erected between them and their yolk. Both men and their

families are Afrikaners, albeit unusual ones, in the sense of their

deep emotional attachment and tribal links with their own people.

rheir acrions in defiance of the popular course of their people

carry the heavy penalty of total ostracisation from them' Former

friends, associatei and acquaintances now have nothing to do with

322

ve-ret,'of)Dg

urn:ofm,Y

ca-is.

:es,

er-lc-:he

iasie-d-he

)r

)dn-he

-v-.

n-

!'-)n

t-

them' They have become pariahs, isrands of firm principres in a seaof opp_osing, but equally h._ prir.irf..For Professor Gryr.r, ,r," pri*-"ilis defiance of the Estabrish-ment Church exacted terrible p.rro.,rl r"ff.;;;;-;;""-p".ro.,"1level' The tension, strain ,.rd

"*ful-pressure became untearablefor his wife Celia "rd ."rrg"Jl..lr.A,f, completely, forcing herto live a life in and out of ir.al.rf irirtltrtio.rr. H.,,, ,rir"t,

'r.tyman with a twinkling, mischievo* h.r_or., retains the strengthof his convi*ion, t,it frr, *fifrJrr*" from public prominence.Tragically' but underst""drbly, thJ c.yr.. affair is, to ar intentsand purposes, dead and buried ;r;; ; the Afrikaner is concerned.At a recenr congress of the Aril)"r, Studentebonl (ASB), therewas opportunity to ask numerous Afrikaan, ,il;";r;;cludingseveral senior theological students, iitt.y k";;;;;iirrg ,uou,the mater. Not one f,ad heard ;iir.

^

Beyers Naude, shortly after it b".r-. known that he was re_sponsible for the 1963 exposure of ii. n.o.a"rbond, was offeredthe position of Director of the ch.istian Institute, a non-denomi-nation ecumenicar insritute "f *r;;;;h and christi", ,trJy. A.-cording ro Mrs Naude, h. ,ppil to ih" Nrdrrdritse GereformeerdeKerk for permission to trk. ,fr. poririorr. It was refused withoutreasons.

Shortly afterward-s he joined the c.I., an action which declaredhis preparedness to forGit rrt .r.ii. H.'arry moved to a suburbanhome in Greenside, Johannesirrg'rra :"ined the to.rt-.orr-gr.g._tion of the Nederduitle Crrrlor*rriar'i;e, where he was invited tobecome a church elder.. HJac;;r;;, ;;, objections were immedi_ately raised from outsid. rfr. .o__L.rl,y. ffr. objections, pilotedby the Reverend N J,Logger*U"rg, I n.o.a"r-#o_' ,.rr[, u._noni, were rejected thr""ln ,rr. u-r.iou, bodies or ti. i"rrr..t,until he took them finally ,". ,fr.,y""i"of rfr. Sorri".r,'i#rrr."l,,::::. ,h.y

X....upheld. Bey.;, i;;;; was debarred from serv_rng ln any office in the Chuich even as an elder.He subsequently threw hl-r"lf irrto ii, ,rork as Director of theChristian Insdture, which U..r-.-"rr-irri.rr"rio.rrlly regarded or_ganisation' It arso became a formidabre poritical voice in SouthAfrica, pronouncinq itself "r.qrir..Jiy *h"r,.rr.r injustice pre_vailed' Irs voice wI, oft.n h;l;;. "H.'iri-r.rf

became an inrer-national figure, whose opinions ,rd .o,rrrr.l about South African

#:: were const"r,tty *rghi b;;."pl. from a[ quarrers of the

$

i

i

I

323

Now he is banned and his voice and that of the institute and itspublication , Pro Veritate, is silenced. He lives at home in Greensidewith his wife Ilse, a diminutive woman of towering strength.Most of his time is spent in his book-lined study at home where hereceives a stream of visitors and friends, one by one. Each time a

guest arrives, Mrs Naude quietly rises and leaves the room; a con-versation of three constitutes a "gathering" in terms of the ban-ning order and would be a criminal offence. Their Greensidehome, which has chairs side by side lining the walls of the loungeused to reverberate with intense discussion and vibrant debate'Now it is quiet and the chairs along the walls are empty. But thereis in that home an atmosphere of strength and courage that re-mains unbowed.

The two men, Geyser and Naude, who in their ways are like lat-ter-day Afrikaner Thomas Mores, sadly achieved little in terms ofinstitutional reform in their respective churches. The controversialsegregation clause, Article Three, remains firmly entrenched in the

constitution of the Heruormde Kerk; the Nederduitse Gereformeerde

Kerk continues to reflect divided South Africa in its formal struc-ture and the Dutch Reformed Church as a whole, in varying de-grees, continues to give spiritual blessing to the grand design ofapartheid. Unassailable, stronger than ever, the Broederbond re-mains an inherent, powerful and abiding presence within the soulof the Afrikaans Church, which, in turn remains the soul of the

South African State.

7. Ons Taak: Kerklike-Codsdienstig.2. Troup, Freda, South Artica: an Historical Introduction, p 48.3. Vatcher, W H, White LaaXer, p 1.1.0.

4. p 63 foll.5. Ibid. p 5.6. Sekretariele Verslag van die Uitvoerende Raad oor die tydperk 1 Maart 1963

tot 28 Februarie 1965, p 13.

7. Rand Daily Mail, October 5 1961.8. The Star, October 24 1961.9. Rand Daily Mail, October 25 1961.

10. rbid.11. The Slar, October 24 1961.12. Rand Daily Mail, October 24 1961.13. Ibid., October 26 1961.14. Sunday Times, November 5 1961

15. Ibid., September 1 1963.16. Rand Daily Mail, May 11 1962.17. Ibid., May 10 1963.

324

C itssidegth.ehenea'on-]an-;idengeete.

rere

re-

lar-;of;ialrherde

lc-le-of:e-rulhe

18. Ibid., May t7 1963.

!2 l.rrlry Times, May 221s60.20. Ibid., December 2 1962.21. Ibid., April2t 1963.22. tbid.23. rbid.

?!. ly.rary Iimes, December 9 1962.25' Uittrekser uit Acta van die Sinode van die Suid-Transvaalse NG Kerk, April

?9. !.uniay Times, Aprit 2t ts63.27. rbid.28. Ibid., May t2 te63.29. lbid., Sepiember 8 t963.30. Ibid_

1!. S^undly Times, Ocrober 20 1963.rz. J^unday Times, Ocrober 6 1963.JJ' sekretariele versraq van die (Jitvoerende Raad oor die rydperk 1 Maart 1963rot28 Februarie t9?5. p 4.34. Ibid. p 7.35. Norule van die Een.

- 1963, pp 1, 2.rrd 9. t'-vttrtigste gewoneJaarvergadering gchou op 21 Mei

19 lyrdfy Tines, November t0 1963.r/. verstag van Reisende Sekrerar.isJ H Swart vir die jaar I963, p l.38. Sekretariele Verslas van die Ui.;;;;;;il.rd oo, die tydperk I Maart 1963,^ ,^o,28 Februarie tO?S. p O. --'-"-! r\ad

2. Y1a Daily Mail, November 20 1963.19 Th, Srar,

'November 2t 1963.

1!. f.a.n.d Daily Mail, November ZO 1s63.42. Ibid., November 22 1963.

63

325

17 The commission of Inquiry

In the aftermath of the Beyers Naude "treachery", with all thetrauma it involved for the Broederbond, pressure mounted on thePrime Minister, Dr Verwoerd, to appoint a Commission of In-quiry into the organisation. While the Broederbond desperatelystruggled to heal its shattered defences, forces were growingoutside to delve into the heart of the organisation. Its opponentssensed it was reeling from a devastating blow and wanted to use

the resultant vulnerability to maximum effect.Once again, the Broederbond and its activities were the subject

of intense debate in Parliament. The United Party opposition, ledby Sir de Villiers Graaff , demanded an inquiry and pressed an in-exorable attack until at last, on January 24 1964 Dr Verwoerd in-terrupted a speech by the Opposition leader to demand: "Are youproposing a judicial commission to inquire into any subversiveacts which may be done by the Broederbond, the Freemasons, orany other body which may possibly interfere in politics secretly?"

"The Hon the Prime Minister," replied Sir de Villiers, "haspractically formulated the teims of reference now. As far as I amconcerned, my proposal is that an investigation be instituted intothe actions of the Broederbond itself. If the Hon the Prime Minis-ter considers it necessary to have any other alliance, organisation,company or body investigated, then I am satisfied." The inquiry,he added, should meet four conditions: he and Dr Verwoerdshould agree on the commissioners, the terms of reference, thatevidence should be given under oath and that the inquiry shouldbe public.l

Three months later, on April 28, Dr Verwoerd announced thathe was prepared to appoint a Commission of Inquiry to investi-gate secret organisations, including the Broederbond, the Free-masons and the Sons of England. The Broederbond reacted in-stantly. Its chief secretary, Dr Piet Koornhof, issued a statementthe same day. In it, Dr Koornhof, who suffbred the indignity ofbeing photographed delivering the statement at the offices of the

326

he

he

n-lvrg:ES

se

Ct

d1-1-luie)r

f'dltd

rti-t-Frt

rfe

tsIl:o

F

1.

Ranil Daily Mail in Main Street,Johanesburg, said: .,The AfrikanerBroederbond would welcome . Co*-irrlo. of trrq,riry irrto it,activities if the prime Minisrer shourd so decide. tt *il'sive theBroederbond the opporrunity .. . to inform i[. p"Uir., ihroughthe report of such a commisiion, abour its own activities in theinterest of South Africa and_ all its population groups."The Broederbond will be p..prr.a to gi,L .lrid.r.. beforesuch a commission to put the nation in a posiio., to;oag. ior itserfabout the accusations made against the Broederbond. This evi-dence can then be judged in th-e light of the activities of other se-cret organisations."

Given the intimate rerationship between Dr verwoerd and theBroederbond, it is inconceivabre that in the time available he hadnot discussed the prospects of an inquiry with members of theExecutive council before going to pa.rirment with his announce-ment' There was certainly a precedent for this line orr.ri"", how-ever unethical it might be in parliamentary terms, as the Executive9:r1::lt itself pointed out in its monthly circular to members, No31.64/65.dated May 5 1964: "It should be remembered that Drfaal-an also previously made such an offbr of an lrr*r.rrigriior, withthe knowledge of the Executive Council. . .,,

In the same circular, the Executive Council expresses pleasure atDr Verwoerd's insistence that the Freemasons ind Sons of Eng-land be included in the probe and says the Opposition had only it_self to blame that thv es ti g a t ed s is, in. j;lir: X ffi ;'jJ,T ;:11,T: :"T: il,

"Y ;T ;;Broederbond an a*ack on the prime M^i.rirr.. himself. The Execu-tive council told its members in the circular: "The conflict in thefirst place is not against the Afrikaner Broederbond as such - theynaturally want ro destroy it _ but it is an attempt to U..rtAfrikanerdom, ro cause the fall of the National prrty Gor.ernmentand Dr Verwoerd. The Afrikaner Broederbond i, ,;; L.irg

"r.aas an instrumenr in this (attempt).

. "Jh" merciless fight that wili result from this w,l do rhe organ-isation and Afrikanerdom, yes the whole of South Africa, the*"-rJd of good, because the Afrikaner Broederbond has only thewelfare of South Africa as its intent and therer"* ""irri"g'*rr-rants the attacks. The end, therefore, can only be that th". p.o_tracted feud will collapse. . .

"It is clear that our national enemies are seizing the possible in-vestigation as a method to subvert the resistance of our nation

327

against subtle attacks on our spiritual heritage' They. want to do

tf,i, by insisting on a public iniestigation in which the member-

ship of our orgi'nisatio, must be revealed so that they can sow sus-

pi.io, ,rd .rid.r-ine the power of. the activities of recognised

national leaders in all areas of o.r, national life by personal attacks

and abuse. The Executive Council will not permit the destruction

ofourorganisationorthedebilitationofitsinfluence.TheExecu-tive Couicil will be able to co-operate in an inquiry inthe interests

of orr. nation (uotk) and that dott t'ot need to undermine our

nation, nor divide or weaken it'..TheExecutiveCouncilfeelsthataninvestigationintotheacti-

vities and objectives of the organisation does not mean that mem-

bership rnrri b. revealed. Tf,e Executive Council regards itself

bound by the promise made in the induction ceremony' that the

,rr.rrrU.rrfrip oi, Person will not be revealed without his permis-

sion." The'Broederbond leaders thus gave an unequivocal under-

irO** to the ,rr.-b.r, that they woulJ not reveal their names and

grrr.i., instruction that no member should give evidence before

Ih. .o-.rrission without the Executive Council's permission'

They then gave a remarkably confident declaration to their

Broeder colleagues: "The Execuii"e Cou"cil places on record its

conviction thal the Prime Minister will only allow an inquiry

under such conditions that will be to the advantage of our country

inthecurrentdifficultworldcircumstances.Flewillnotdosome-tiing tl'r*t will lead to the destruction and impotence of the organisation

and our nation (own emPhasis)'The Executive council further urged its members to guard

against attempts to drive a wedge between the Broederbond and

the Government. "We make an urgent appeal to all members to be

calm and to place the necessa'y t""t in ihe Executive Council and

the Prime Minister. . '" (own emphasis)'

Their confidence in Dr Verwoerd's protection was understand-

able, as a brief "*rrrrirrrtion

of the poiitical developments at the

time will indicate. Three y."t ptt"lously' South Alit: had be-

.o*",RepublicfreefromtheshacklesoftheBritishCommon-wealth, a momentous achievement for the Afrikaner and a huge

boost to Dr Verwoerd's personal stature and support' He knew

orriy ,oo well that h" o*.i the Broederbond an enormous debt in

the achieve-.rrt of thrt ideal (see Chapter 5)' Following this vital

triumph, Dr Verwoerd turned his attention to the implementation

of the Bantustan policy. 1964 was the year of the Transkei Act'

328

to donber-L- SUS-

prsedtacksctionrecu-:TCStS

: our

acti-1em-itselfr themis-rder-, and:fore

:heir:l itsuirvntry,fite-

'tion

rardandrbeand

that crucial beacon pointing the way to Afrikaner nadonalism,sapa*heid sorution to-the .r.". q,r.rrion in South ani.r. ag"in, DrVerwoerd could hardly .r.r;.i;; ;.t thr*he spectre of the Broe_derbond and its enormous influence roomed large in the achiev-ment of the Bantustan experiment, and in fact in the formurationof the whole apartheid .on..o,.--'"''A more straishtforwr.d, b,.,t no less compelling factor in theBroederbond's ionfide".. *"r-irr.'r*t that Dr Verwoerd himselfwas a member' He was h-ardry likery ro a,ow an investigation that

;H:i#-,ge him and, th.reLy, ;h; i;.;i;l; ffi, i" ,*o,,,0.n,,,

Dr verwoerd demonstrated that the trust ofhis Glrow Broederswas not misplaced when, on TuesdayJune 9 1964,heannouncedto Parliament that a one_man .o.rrmirrio.r.of inquiry, under Ap_peal CourtJudge D H Botha, *;il;,a n d o th e r b.__,::::{ Giil+,# :;:l

-;; ::ffi r o; ;::il:jing that the commission wourd cor'ie.t is evidence in camera, ameasure thar required the Commission Act of 1g47 to be amendedspecially for the inquiry. ,r f,rna. 1ihi, p.rr"d the way for sub_sequenr secret commissions, norably ,fri

".i".]",rr, d.ii"Urr.f,,?ffi m m :":or;ro,

*r,i.r,'i,.r,liin its ranks .o_",ni,,ton..,Un i o n o r s o., ti a ii:lr t tG 1: i.# l"*;: :: :i: :.i1; rx*lorganisation as a resurt. Eigh;-;;;;;r leaders were banned. MrVorsrer, the former prim."t''rr;;;: then Minister of Justice,played a leading role in ,fr. a"ilr.,na ln tt. amendmeniof theAct' It was a busv session for him. H. ,tro pilored rhe infamous90-day detention .lrrr. through pr,ir_*, that year, opening theway for the use, now a common feature, of detention without triarin South Africa).Dr Verwoerd somewhat spuriously explained this extraordi_nary step in the following ,"._r, r

(a) There is no indication-of the commission of any crime or of-fence, which shoutd]1v. b;;; ;.;;'t, pruli.. rr is onty as a resulrof so much comment of a particular kind, both in the press andParliament, that, although ,i;-;. ,i;;.r, ir was considered wiseto investigate in an. imfartiar -;;;;hether grounds for sus-picion existed in order rt a.". il;;;";phere of our nationar rife.Should any offence be disclosei.; ffi; hearing would then takelli::-rrnot, the persons or bodies'c*..rr.a are entitled to rheirprlvacy.

nd-thebe-)n-rgee\1.

:inirdonct,

329

(b) The bodies already mentioned in debates have voluntarilymade themselves available for investigarion. It would be unjust to

them to take unfair advantage of this offer and allow matters to be

disclosed as well which they regard as their private affairs and in

which nothing wrong is found. Normally any use by the State ofits power to irrt..f..i without sufncient reason in the private af-

fairs of individuals, undertakings or organisations, even by means

of a confidential inquiry, would be condemned.(c) A public hearing would possibly involve bodies and persons

not accused ofany offence in great expenditure on legal represen-

tation which would not be recoverable for complaints' This could

happen should it suit others to make ample use of the services ofl"*y".r, for example a newspaper or periodical seeking financial

,d'rrrrrtrg" from the publicity which a lengthy inquiry would pro-

vide and which they could attempt to convert into a cause c6ltsbre.

(d) A public hearing would also provide the opportunity for a

heresy-6snt by opponents of any body, organisation or bu-siness

undertaking ,r.rd.i investigation. This could be done by laying

bare confidential matters oi business secrets to which it is entitled

and which are innocent in order to destroy the organisation orundertaking against which the vendetta is directed, or which is a

competitor.(e) Ii is not in the public interest that peace and order in South

A*i." should be diiturbed, perhaps for months, and that doubt

and suspicion about life in South Africa should be sown abroad

through a slow and perhaps deliberately extended process of accu-

sation and refutation. The damage done would not disappear even

though the inquiry resulted in the complete justification of the or-

ganisations .orrce.red. Such a finding would be news for just one

I"y, ,.,d perhaps even reach only a back page as not being sensa-

tional errotrgh in comparison with the continuous sensational re-

ports which could be extracted from the pdblic hearing-'

iq O" the posirive side, for the kind of case now being dealt with,a'personal-inquiry by such a commission, guided by clearly de-

fined terms of reference, is the best procedure. It can meet and in-terrogate witnesses in an unconstrained and even informal man-

,r.., ,irit offices and inspect documents there, and be taken fullyinto confidence, which does not happen in a public hearing where

hostile elements are Present.Because of Dr Verwoerd's insistence on a secret inquiry, the

leader of the opposition, Sir de Villiers Graaff, refused to consult

330

LriIvit rorbetin:ofaC

2ns

cns

en-uldof

ialrGe.

raess

ng.ed

or;a

rhbtrdu-:nr-lea-

[,

;l-

)*e

eIt

on the nature of the commission and so forfeited his right to have asay in the constitution of trr. inqui.y or its terms of reference.rThether or not Dr verwoe.d hr'J-.ornted on this, it certainlysuited the Broederbond. When app.rf Courr Judge D H Bothawas appointed to condu* th. o.,"_m"n inquiry, ii;;;;r'"f refer_ence posed scant threat to the security of the Broederbond, or forthat matter, the Freemrr"";;;;:"r, "rEngland.Judge Botha, who was .ro, , -.rrrber of any secret organisation,was full of praise for the comprete .o-op..rtion he received fromthe three organisatiorr, *hor.' .orrar-., he was charged to investi_gate "in respect of anything which renders ;";i; ;;;nisationguilty of ,'

(a) Any form of treason-or intrigue, or of-attempts to obtainfor itserfd o minati on of , or- of h armfut "r

r "7 r4i' i,ilr r" ri'tr["

"7 oi " ]j' riU, u rt *activities against, the peopre or the siat:e or any of its organs such as the

lt"i':;'Gouernment, thi Prouinriot ouilr.*ttii i the ii*ir;rirrrion of

obvious evidence in connection with "domination,,is that ch,-lingly ambitious objective ret bythe th.n .hri.mr.r, p-f.rrorJ Cvan Rooy, in 1934: .,...._ rhe prima.ry consideration is whetherAfrikanerdom w,l reach i,, d,il;;;;.stiny of do *ir^iio,n lboor-skap) in South Africa. Brorhers, ""r rJ"ri.n to South Africa,s a,_menrs is not whether one party or anothe*hril .;;r;; t-he whlp_

lT,1;.1* that the Afrikaner B.o.J..uo,,a ,hrll-;;;r," so,,rt,

The Broederbond.has never publicly denied that aim; whetheror not it did so in the secrecy of the Botha commission is notknown' By 1964, professor "1i,

ng"v;i idear was virtuary reariry,consequentry there is no question thri the Broederbond wourd oc-.rpy.itr.lf in subvertirg th. State. Effectively t;;.;, ;; is, the

(b) Anything which may weaken the determination and wilr of thepro!!r.of South A.frica to jghtfor their suruiual.This depends on one;s iefiridon of ,,rhe people of SouthAfrica'" certainrv the Broederu""Jri-, to strengthen the deter-mination of the *tir. people "f S"*ir^africa, and more particu_Iarly the Afrikaners, to'figirt f.. ,fr.i.-."rvival.

(c) The acquisition offundsfrom hostile soLtrces, or the use of its ownfunds, for the finanring if subiroir, ,rrl), against the authoity of theState or of threats to the securitl, peace rrd ";;r;";',*'iii'iliiil, *t*331

the overthrow of the Govetnment by impermissable and undemocratic

*"!:';;ras the State is concerned' the same criteria apply in (a)'

Again, in the.,'" oill'h"tt' to the security' peace and order of

the population," it ;tpt;i;;,.,'1h" dtf i'io" of "population'" If

this means ,rr" "*iliiJ; fop'l"tion' there is clearly no charge

against the Broede'il""a, 9"1 9r"5 p'".pll '"'ita n1,bi!]v.1's"

that the policies p';;i Uv fh-" Broederbond'contained'-:t"h 'threat to them. In fact they did argue. thus' with stones in their

hands, in the 1976 unrest' However ' rn 7964' these broad terms

were probaury i,,tt'iiti1" J*ttiue onlv the white population'

(d) Neporisrn "' i;;;i;';''e with appoin.tments and promotions in the

Public Service, tl" o'i""' Fo"' o' t-ii pAl" Service so that persons are

appointed o, p,o*o"i 1or reasons other than merit '

Dr Verwo.'d hi;"tif ;;;;"d;; '*ple evidence of the intention

to do just this in f'J tf "tgf in.Bloemfontein in 1943 when he said:

.,The Afrik".,., n.o.derbond must gain control of everything it

can lay its hands J;;; i'"it "ii'rt in South Africa' Members

must help each other to gain promotion in the civil service or any

other field of activity in which thlv wgrk *i:L,'^::y to working

,i.rrr..tr., into important administrative posltrons.

The organi'atiori as a whole' as defined in its constrtutlon'

would condemn such practice' However' th€ :-ery natur: of the

organisatio" "d i;;;;tit-i"ta and concerted efforts to win for it-

self top positions tf"t'gttt"t.the,state structure makes nepotism

virtually ", ""'oii"iiJ-'r'i'e' Judge Botha concededz that indi-

vidual cases of '#;;i fotitlo" ptolablv did take place'

(e) Attempts to'-subveit the reiations |etween the English and

Afrikaans'sprrung ei:ltl.'*itt'- tt" l!1,'i' 'f bringing about strife and

nlt i on ol di i rcr d oi a' o1 )n dermi n in g- nati on al u n i t y'

That the "t'iJ"It i;;;;t; o? tr"^ Broederbond could Promote

divisiorrbetweentheEnglishandAfrikaanssectionsofthepopula-tion was thc major objection expressed by General Tt::'o* in his '

Smithfield Addr;;ri;:.-ct'rp,.i 2)..But it is improbable that the

Broederbond,s object is ro sow- strrfe in this regard. It is more

likely that its "';;;;;;"i ""grt-*indedness ignore the fact that

this could U" tt" i""'lt of its eiclusive sectionalism'

(f) lmptope"''-'ii'"t'""Ak, activi.ties which harm' preiudice or

undermine the tight, liberties or interests of persons or groups or which

aim at controlling oth" o'g'nisations.i.n an irregular rnanner'

Again, i, *hi;t ;;-i-ii*""ra ut Jirncilt' but not impossible

332

*

Ij

ffe

Ia

5

to prove a- case against the Broederbond. Its aims and objectivessrare clearly that it is concerned firsr ,"; fb.;;;J 1li,n ,n.Afrikaner cause. The Broed..bo.d_iirte relationship could giverise to a strong case of English-speakers being pr.3rraii.Ji., ...tri.,respects.

When it comes to blacks, however, the entire fabric of SouthAfrican society, framed with the active assistance of the Broeder-bond, demonstrably prejudices and und..mines ,:ri..lglr,r, liber_ties or interests of persons- or groups.,, However, it i, .rritit .ty thata commissign appointed by th. io.r..rrment that so ordered thesociety would find this ,,improper

or objectionable.,,(g) Subu ersion in a.ny for* d thi *orols , customs and way of tife of the

l:,r:,:"{"t:.:^,., !rt,* by ciiumuenting or transsressing the country,sMws or by any other means.Here again (f)'s criteria apply. Blacks could argue that thecountry's laws themselrr.s tubr.it their customs ,.rJ*"y of rife.(h) Beconing a serious.danger to peace and order ;, tt* traiioritic byexerting inJluence in an impimissible manner in the economic and cur-tural spheres.

Yet again, in white rerms a difficult proposition, but nor so inregard to blacks' The poricies of influx contior, job reservation anddifferential education ior blacks hrve ali at one time or another re-sulted in threats to peace in south Africa. The Broed..uora, uynature of its inextricabre links with the Nadonarist Governmenr,has to share responsibility for rhis.(1) Auempts to dominate the prime Minister, Ministers, Administrat-,rs o.r any other persons in authority in an ffirt to use him or tlrr*' l, tl*seruice of an organisation in such a-manner"'that, asfar as th., prrfon*on*oJhk or their fficial duties is concerned,loyalty i, n *"7riiiirr"rtr"*,

to the organisation and not to the Srorr. S.. comments on (a).The Broederbond dutifully submitted to the irq,ri.y'rira grr.both formal and orar evidence. Extracts of the formal evidencewere contained in _two monthly circular letters ,o _.*b..r,6164/65 and 8/64/65, dated September 2 1964 and November 31964 respectively. Among the .lri-, made in these submissionsrvere the following: '.Oui organisation does ,ot girr. i"rr.".ri"",to its members, but expects that each one in his p"rofession and inall his activities will not serve himself, but his country accordingl?_rl-.,.p.iiciples and objectives to which ..,r..y -.-ber bindsnlmselt wrth a solemn promise at induction. Because this is so, andbecause of its relatively small

""-U., of members, ,fr. orgrrir_

333

ation never attempts to take over executives (besture) by trying togain a majority in them - that is in any case practically impossible

- but it and its members work by persuasion, through ideas thatcan be accepted if they are good, or rejected if they are judged as

no good by non-members. The organisation does not coerce - itconvinces by study, by quality, by inspiration because it works in-fused with ideals in the interests of a nation."The allegation that the organisation promotes or benefits itsmembers at the expense of other Afrikaners is absolutely untrue.That this may have occurred in sporadic and individual cases, be-

cause of human weaknesses, is probably true, but that this is a pat-tern or aim of the organisation is untrue and goes against the verynature and being thereof. More examples of good Afrikaners thatare not members and that were placed in responsible positions as a

result of their attempts to seek the best for their country and

nation could be named than of members that have been promotedor favoured by fellow members, chiefly or among other things be-

cause of their membership."An Afrikaner does not achieve high positions as a result of his

membership of the organisation, but becomes a member thereof as

a result of his inherent talents and traits as a consequence of whichhe would reach those positions himself in any case' He often be-

comes a member of our organisation as a result of the positions he

has achieved in public, because he thereby gets the opportunity toprove that he possessed the qualities that are sought in potential'members. The reward of membership is the pleasure which is de-

rived from unadulterated service. . .

"Where the activities of the Afrikaner Broederbond in the

national domain are closely connected with the spheres and re-

sponsibilities of the individual, the family, the State and the

church, it is obvious that the Afrikaner Broederbond refrains fromany actions which really belong in other areas. The Broederbondhas thus never limited, and never wants to limit the conscience and

freedom of the individual from making his own contribution to

the welfare of his nation and of others; it also never wants to take

upon itself, or illicitly interfere in, the functions of a political partywhich strives to capture executive power by public actions for the

achievements of set objectives."It is the policy of both the Broederbond and Government

people that there must not be the slightest reason for even the un-justified suspicion that influencing or interference exists, or that

334

rorlerat

as

itn-

rs

e.

;-]'rta

d

i

the Nationar party organisation does not have authority over theGovernment and its. i"ri.r, ;;;i,'_r.,tprr"iJl;.;;rh.rs. TheBroederbond never a"", ,t, ;;;anl attempr. i, ,rri.;;;;.'r""." d,y clrcumstances and condemns

"All that the Broederborrj-do.r, and always will do, is to sup_port and promote,.in so far as it is'JI.,_r.rlrrlri., i; ;;# spheresthat lead to the spirituarisati"" rrr*sthening and refinement ofthe Afrikaner nation ", ,

p.oi.rrrrr_Cfr.trian language and cul_tural communitv;

-but also ",

,fr. ,r_. tiln-e_to expose and opposeall phenomena and,.."d. i;;ii'**l, of life which are carcuratedto damage or destroy tt i, ,rtlorr-,'n.rt of all by means of appeals toour leaders in those areas, and if these appeals fall on d.ai.ars, toawaken and organise acdon "; ,h. ;;;ri^rrtio.,rif#;; oppose

"Philosophies like communism, Iiberalism, individuarism, hu-manism, evolurionism serve rr;;;;;;., of this as well as other as_sociated beriefs which ."ura-l.rJtro rhe destruction of theAfrikaner nadon in a, areas .irii.lrr.se trends do nor onry readto the suicide of our nation, but to ,i" d.rrrr.tion of all the inde_pendent life connections and domairJwhich distinguish us, or atIeasr to the subiection of ,rr" r"".il.r" ot or. ro rhose of the rest."The Broederbl! do9, 1", "ppfy

itr.ff to the survival of theAfrikaner nation because rt pr"..r'tiril ,r"tio., above a, others or asan end in itself, b11 b.ecays" ii ,.."pr, this nation has intrinsicvalue' as a God-siven institurio, ,ni therefore docs not want toand cannor ,n.oi...r.dly allow ,fr"i rfri, nation be destroyed orrecklessly commit suicide. )

"'we do not know how much time God will grant the Afrikanernadon to survive on earth for the frtni_"rt of its calling _ whatI'ofl:,f}",f;rT;.'.1,"' is that ;; rb; rrom outside ca.,-de,t,ov

AII things considered, it was not surprising that Judge Bothaexonerated the Broederbond, tfr. p."._"sons and the Sons ofEngland of anv suilt in r.r_, "irn.irqr,.r.Whether o.'nf, he was informed oi,fr" evidence against theBroederbond, such as. the ,r",._.rrr-"rrfi""al, iri'r"r"lji

"tor",is not known. It mav U. ,f-,iln gi",r*""1r,a"r.e in secret, rhe Broe_derbond convinced hi- ,f,rr iti.;;:".;;,This was ,*.. Jir.r"sed, b.ca.rse, ,;J;;;."[t:ril: iilffi"Tiit?,report: "If I were to give full reasons i.;;y finding ,trt rn organ_isation is not gu,ty o?rry p;;l;;;J.,ir.r, I shourd arso have to

s

s

I

33s

relv on confidential information furnished to me bI :lt,:t-*'""-llil".'ii"t';;;il "ot

o"tv be.unfair.to the organisatron con-

cerned, but also i, t"Jiti t lith the explicit request in the commis-

sion's terms "r r.r"'Ji"tiffi;;Hdet'ti"liiv of innocent infor-

marion be maintained). Were I to omit.only.such :?1fil:lii" --formation from the g"t"at for my findins' it u'ould in turn mean

that these grounds ;;iJ;i"to*plt'" "id' ot' the face of things'

perhaps not even supPort *y.fit'din?: .

"I-Jnder th" ti"'-'t""t'' I came to the conclusion that' where

I .";il;;",t'n"ai"g against an organisation' the fairest course

for me would be, where necessary' *:1"1y to set o":T^l,t:"tl"-

sions drawn from all the evidence without my mentioning and

analysing such evidence'" ,-^. ^f the Rotha CorIn other words, '*" '"-*table

features of the Botha Commrs-

sion of Inquiry *J;h;^t-t ht"d ttidt"te in secret' the first such

case in South African history' and.was Jit t" give unsubstai-t-1;^a

findings. fh. p'Ufit *" t"ptt"a to take everything the commts-

sion said on trust' l

But this is not what spared the Broederbond any serious anxlety

in the inquiry. p' V"'*o"rd had seen to ihat "pttt in the terms of

reference of the i'q"i'v' if they had i"tf"Jta th" tl"tt contained

in Dr verwoerd's:ili;i"fii;i;" inquirv' namelv "which mav

interfere in potltl""l'?Ji,';.;; ;;.'ii h""t"'a totallv different

story. Throughout"'rti''il""t "'a tt"*t'ere there is ample evi-

dence of the "'*;i';;;J;; involvement in political matters'

The commission tt"iJ""' f'ave failed to judge against the Broe-

i"rt""a had this clause been retained'

However, as it happened' the !:'T: of reference were so framed

that they skirted ""'"'"a the cardinal-issue' This is not whether the

Broederbond i" ;;;;;f tr"t"*td to subvert the State' but on

the contrary, 'r"' tdt iii" '"a

the Broederbond have become in- '

distinguish"blt' Af;;-';i; Nationalist' t"t" to power in 1948' the

State was in no danger from the Broederbond' Since then' critics 'i

of the organisatio' f,t"t been conce'"tJ" the close links' which

finally blur into one whoie' between tht St't" and a secret organis-

ation which "it' io' the advancett" oi'tt" exclusive interests of

;;i;"". secdon of a heterogenous society' :--^L^ -^1

Judge Botha *;;;;i+ee-n hinting at.some P']I'^:::::cern for

this aspect *het' he said in his report:""The commission's terms of

reference, ,' L;;";; ;ht*' do not- order a g:'1t^111 inquiry

into the o,g"'i"'til"" """'io"ti' b"t only an investigation of the

336

nis-:on-nis-[or-in-

eanlgs,

Ierelrselu-rnd

question whether these organisatior

;ft:JJ"'J i T:;:T;;'" #,i,""jn;..:1,:. :?i."{i:;}: xil'"il i',I

rhe rerms or referenc. . . .'l _rr;';ffi:';;1.?:it;r,r"::rT ,:tjl:nrlj**rwlrether a; ;ffi.";anisations r, r, il., guirty of

,, *1:JTi;[: fl".rHiljlf: there might be, or have been,criticar .*,-il,,i";;;;; ;,;TfJJff:Hr,H:sis, which on

..4h. epiraph of the -__,J", frr,h i s r ep o i t, i J g. R. o th a p.,, *a ;; ? ;.ffi l;:.: 11-*H:

.ii ; l:ner in ,uvhich he had U"*'rrriri"AU, nO., O I Coetze., who had ledrhe evidence before ,t. ."__iriJri,

=jur"rur. c na

"rrr,Nl.k..k,rhe secrerarv of

.the .";;r,;;.',.lrh. om...r,-- ;;;r. JudgeB o rh a' " di spra yed. e"..p ri."lTir]ri" ri ". in o b taining eviden ce rera_rrng to rhe commission's ,*;;;;;;ference. without rheir assist-ance, it would nor have b.;;;i#;:,::_:,,::::J r!.

:1.,. f """.. i" *u.( ;J ;#;'ffi :i,:Tfl,'il: ll;:r :;ru:

At the dme of writing, the two gentlemen in question were Sec-retary and Under SecrJtary "flrirl.. respectively. More impor_tant, both had become member"s of the Broederbond. . .Another h"ppy rpi:"tr r..- ,i.'*ganisation was rhat ir wassrrengrhened in its.atiriry ," inr.girt".'irr.trrurther in the poriticalaffairs of South Africa. At the *oilrrooa the followirg y.r., th.chairman, Dr Meyer, said: ..This

brinsro bserva ti on tha t iorr owr-"" i; ; ;;'ilf :# H,il:::, Bi#:jbond had been exonerated of ,ny b.oundary rransgressions ordamaging behaviour Uy ."__iro"l, ".,

inquiry of the church andthe State: namerv 'r',, irr" ar.iir"Jr'i-"r.rbond

has beenpracedin a favourabre positio" ; til';iirr,. ror..s of the Afrikaansnauonal domain into a unir, and *ifi ao that by .o.rtiruirrg tobring together within i" r,"Lr ,il *. ..r, Ieaders of our nationaractivities. In this way, rhe sep;.;;; rr"r.rio* of church, State andnation can be practised.in trr.'arritr"r'.orr"", in a manner whicheffectivcly wiil complement ;;;;;i.., particularly ar a time;i.J, ffi il:r:h.ea

ten. d rro _ *t tr,i; ;; wi rh ou t rr r.r., i.ro..In short' the commission of Inquiry initiated by Broeder ver-woerd provided the organisrtion *ith'an inva,uable smokescreen,behind which it could:;i;;;;;il;.r.rices

ro which its op_

f

f

I

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;i;l

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u5-rchtedLis-

3d

he

}D

ft-IC

cs

fiFrf

)rf-vc

337

ponents objected: irolitical intrigue and manipulation'- It is.small

*o.rd"., th"erefore, that when one talks with the Broeder faithful'

they innocently refer one to the commission's report' , -. 1

il. Vo.rt"., the former Prime Minister, for example' did just

that during the I97O Klip River by-election. He surprised Parlia-

ment by i".rformirrg it tirat he had submitted articles about the

Broederbond to Judge Botha.Mr Vorster .hrrgld that the articles, published in th9 t"b"-

basedSundayTribune,deliberatelyattemptedtoincitethtEnglishUJ Af.if.rans-speakirrg people against each other' The Prime

Minister told Pailiam.", tt,i1"age Botha had authorised him to

,"f tfrrt every allegation and .h"gt contained in the articles was

the same ,, ihor. which were placed before his commission six

years previously. Each and every one of them' he said' had been

io,rrd-to be "totally untrue."6

1,. Hansard, JanuarY 24 1964, Col 311.

2. R6;;, oith. io--ission of Inquiry into Secret organisations' p 8'

3. Ibid. p 2.

4. rbid.5. Secret Broederbond document Organisiering van die Detde Tenein in ons Land,

chairman's address 1965, P 2.

6. Rand Daily Mail, September 19 1970.

338

ustia-:he

Jl-

shnetoas

ix:n

18 X',,u:; ff;lz"l*, 0,,,

whatever the outsider's view of the Broederbond, those on the in-side see ir as a noble ".grni.rriorrlffr.y claim credit for dra_matically improvin-g

'r'. init."..{ ...oro-i. position and put-ting him in polidcal corrt.ol. fi"-.*irrri.,rity, ,fr..rr..i*.1..r, ,r.explained awav as necessary to the salvadon of Afrikanerdom andindeed of all the people in South Africa.

I hese rationalisations are not, of course, voiced in public. Theyare discussed at secret meedngs.in order to inspire ,rri *..rrgrt..,Broeders against artacks n.i, ,i. ."tside. In the secret docu_ments, four imoortant speeches were uncovered which showclearly how the h.o.d"., .." ,i"-n.o.derbond. In the interesrs ofshowing obje*ivelyfro* tf,.;.;;; of the Bond are morivated,fairly long parts olthe rp...rr.r ir"".L."n ,.p.oduced here.In the address he gave at the 50th anniversary of the Broeder_bond in 1968, the chi-i.man, O. pi* fra.yer, asked: .,.Whar is Bro_therhood (Broerskap )?.whar rt ,n.."-i" lri ..r* ,na ,"rr-iil, .u..y

ffi ;:i',t l',::i,.:"rii:T' ;

"" *"'*.," us-min ded, b".r,,.s.trk.,

itT;H*,ii.*:irq"iffi :;;i::-,.H:::.;:f*u,iii., ".',;ir,;:: H*liilil:H #,?XS g:*.X*;on to give his own vision "ri.",i..tr".i.

-:;r#'r...Jr.r", ,n.Afrikaner Broederbong,*, r;;;;;od and faithfut service roour uolk and country, is Broe)skan

o'"Members of the ar.ir.r...-iroederbond know what Broer_skap is' It is the secret power which ties together in earnest endeav-our 8 000 Afrikaner leaders a.*ry-""ited in service to our uolkand counrry' and to the rr."""r-Jr t. c.a of our farhers.,, DrMeyer said the Broeders yJ pi.t.i .r.t orfr., ,.one by one,, fortheir Brotherhood. They hal;;;;; r;fidential because othe.wire rt ".. *orta' ;lTJilji:T:tffil:"ffcriticism. "A shared n.othe.hooa *fri.f, does not seek peisonalhonours and advantage, can never be anything but secret Brothe._

341

hood. Forgoing the secrecy of Brotherhood means forgoing the

Afrikaner Broederbond itself''^-;;r*h.rhood is not only voluntary and selfless co-operation in

the service of our uttlk and.o.'"'y, nor is it only unseen comrade-

.tlp - but also leadership. In the Afrikaner Broederbond there are

.,ot l"rd"r, and follow..r, bt" only leaders' The Afrikaner Broe-

derbond does not make leaders of Broeders but Broeders of

leaders."Brotherhood permits open differences' but nothing is more

unbrotherly than the carrying of tales and gossip' Without. disci-

;ii;" and punishment the ilroederbond iould not survive' IfBroeders have the right to select each other one by one to work in

tlre interest of the ,oik, rh"nthere is an implicit right to reject those

who differ in matters of principle or behave unworthily',.Brotherhood is selectirr", .or,fid.ntial leadership continu.ously

extended as the inner-mechanism, the heartbeat of the Afrikaner-

volk, lt is not leadership which arrogantly prescribes to our uolk

and country from orrrrid.. It does not impose policies from great

intellectual heights on our uolk and their organisa-tions' Rroeders

,r" "., peopl&ho dictate tasks from above or from a distance'

No, Brotheifrood means fully considering and digesting the prob-

i"-, a.i.rg our uolk from time to time' studying the facts to en-

sure clarity and effective solutions'"---;, M;y;r said the Broederbond was formed as "a different kind

of answer" to long-standing problems facing the Afrikaner: sub-

servience to rhe English aniBritain, a feeling of national inferior-

ity, impoterr.", borr"d.ge, exploitation and poverty' The Broeder-

bond's^ response was: "Your honour is in your name' your

Afrikanername;yourAfrikanerancestors'theirfaith'idealsandsacrifices, their language and history' Your honour is in your faith'

your ideals, your ilolh",-'ot'gue and your fatherland's history -b.,rry that and there is nothing left'"

tn the early years of the Broederbond' action was aimed at se-

.rri.,g.qrrlityfor Afrikaners in "English andJewish" shops' ac-

cordilg io Di Meyer. But the ttorlornit plight of the Afrikaner

*r, gir,r" in the poverty-stricken .platteland and the growing

,.brr" areas under "British-lewish" domination' The Broeder-

bond arranged the Ekonomieie Volkskongtes to plan ways to adv-

ance the Afrikaner economically' and later fought for the Republic

and separate develoPmet.D, i4"y., d.rot.d his peroration to the Broederbond in the

342

a{tri"

En*

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a

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the

ninrde-: areroe-;of

next 50 years, 1g6g to 201g. "Neither you nor I can know if wen'il,be granred another 50 years oi-i)oraurpap. whatwe do knowis that as long as it is iod,, *ill thrt *;.;;;;r'i'r"pr.rr.'4'frikaneruolk, the Afrikaner g.o"J.rtord w,r have a task to furfir.Only if we as a narion, or the a?.iLr., Broederbond as centralpower of our cultural ideal, commit suicide will that alter.,, Hesaw the Broederbond's rask

", frrth.ri.rg the Afrik;rr* irrgr.g.a,d the christian.national outrook, f.eventing the estabrishmentof an integrated Afrikaans_E"giJf, culture, improving theAfrikaner's economic _ position," irrt.nrlfyirg the Christian_Afrikaner nature of the n.prUf., and expanding separaredevelopment.

"A brotherhood and a Broederbond vain enough to look downon its own socierv wourd be busy rendering rtr.rfirp..fl,rour. rh"Brotherhood is srearer than thai- i;; an organised Brotherhood::,T.h

has devcioped irs own -"ritJ, of co_operation, organis_atron and operation to carry out most economically and effecti-'ely, essential tasks in changing .ir.rl_rrrrr.es. Brotherhood de_'elops to cover every aspect ortn. life of the vork, anddevise suit-able organisational method, to alr.ir.ge what it undertakes.,,Dr Meyer said the BroederbonJ ri"ura nor become obsessed*'ith organisation, recruiting for Afrikan.. b";;;,' ,.-.rrgirrgvollesfeeste and collecti"g.-""?V i., p"Ufi. projects."The essence of Brotherhood_in_action'i, i.nr;ng problemsfacing the uolk, sotving :n:t,;;;';i;"g unrrorm policies to allrhe public bodies .r., *hi.h g.o.J.i, 'r...r.. The essence of Bro_therhood-in-action is to confro"i f."ui.-s facing the uorkwith-out consulting one's own interests, without seeking credit or per-sonal advantage.',Dr Meyer then referred to the "divine mission,'of the Broeder-bond -..s:mething that a, rr, -.-u.., beriev. in with evident fer-t-our. "Broederbond membership, broerskap, ir rfrri'rrrl"'_r.f,more. This 'more' is not something from us and by us. It comesliom outside us and above ,r- I;r'r;;ething which God estab_lished- Himself, otherwise it remains inexplicable and inconceiv_able. It is somethins which *. ; B;;;d"., hrr- in common withall Christian, or,

"rirh. Br_orrskop-_,frl ,if.itrrer Broederbond _ isa gift from God to our uork. . . io ,t.i,r" and rearise r" ,.plrrr" a*-riny to the greater glory of Hi, ,rr..ji'

Dr Meyer added: ,.And.that brings us to the last aspect of ourBrotherhood in the coming y.rrJ Is Afrikaner ir{rriifi ,rlt

oresci-

Iflinose

slvaef-

oIfteat

etsce"

rL:IF

ndrL)r-

rtlf

nd

ie-c-erqg

r-r-ic

343

necessary for the fulfilment of the tasks I have mentioned? Has the

time not arrived to replace it with a 'white' broerskap?

"The Afrikaner Broederbond has already given the answer to

this question over the last 50 years. while it is logical on-the one

hand to say that the safety of the white future in South Africa also

ensures the future of the Afrikaner, it is an historical fact that the

future of the white and non-white nations of our country depends

on the independcnt future of the Afrikaner. If Christian Afrikaner-dom did ntt remain true ro itself in all respects, British liberal

politics in our country would inexorably have pushed through in-iegratio, of white and non-white which had already gone a long

way. No one can doubt that this would have ended in so-called

majority rule, as everywhere else in former British colonies in

Africa. And that would not only have been the end of an indepen-

dent white nation; it would have permanently damaged the inde-

pendent national future of the non-whites..,what is historically true in this connection will remain true in

future: the only alternative is revolution. what I have to say about

Brotherhood in the next 50 years rests on the unambiguous prem-

ise that the future of white and non-white nations of our country

depends primarily on ensuring the future of the Afrikaner nation

as ,r.r it d.perd.ri Christian national nation at the southern tip ofAfrica. . . If *. do not accept this as fundamental, then we forfeit

the Afrikaner Broederbond's right to exist',.If a Broeder asks whether the Afrikaner Broederbond still has a

task for the future, then he questions his own right as a Christian

Afrikaner to complete his task in South Africa. Those who doubt,

those who have lost their certainty, must make way for thosc who

after 50 years of Brotherhood have not started counting the

years. "Broederbonder fanaticism about their organisation is also illus-

trated by the emotional speech made by one of the founder mem-

bers, Mr Henning Klopper, at the 50th anniversary of the Bond',,on an occasion like this, celebrating the Afrikaner Broeder-

bond's halGcentury, one feels very small. You recognise your own

insignificance. You realise that but for the grace of God, you

would have been nothing.,,The years 1914 to 1917 which culminated in the establishment

of the Airikaner Broederbond in 1918 were years of struggle, div-ision, bitterness; years of frustration for the Afrikaner. It was a de-

cade after the Boer War in which we were destroyed. But we felt

344

i the

rtoonealsothe

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rnglled;inen-de-

:inourm-rr)-ionoftit

15-

n-rd-

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ntt'-e-:lt

_54

nnbr.hohe

we couldn't lie down. V/ith the grace of God we had to arise. Andwe arose in our faith."I speak on behalf of all my colreagues here when I say it is ama*cr of what we received from Godr v/e who ir". *r.ir.d thispoint are only instrumenrs in His hands. To say;;;, ;;; clever-ness, our determination or our wisdom wouliU. ,rrplC^Uecausewe wcrc only children who joined battre. v/e started when wewerc young, lately out of school. We continued the ,t*ggt", ,r.lso far it has been onc long struggle.

, "Earlier today a question was"Isked that was in many minds _did not rhc'Broedertond achieve it, f.r.por. with the artainmenrof the Republic? Has thc rime nor "..ri.a for us to dissolve? If thatis so, Broeders, then we must ask: who will give us the Govern_ment of rhe counrryl Who will give us our future prime Minis_tcrs? Who is to mould them? Whe"re are they to come from? .Where

will they bc found?"Sincc the Afrikaner Broederb_ond got into its stride it has giventhe counrry its sovernments. It hal gr-ven the country everyNationalist'prime"Minister since rqag. rt has given us the Repub-lic' even tlrgugh indirectry- rt has gi;;" us rwo Srate presidents.

v/hat would have hrppered ,o tt .irrit aner uolk if the Broeder_bond had ceased to ixisti Our nadon depends on rhe Broeder_bond."The Broedcrbond was small and the members were few butthey wcre verv activc and workeJ Jr; and night. I wanr to giverhcsc people crcdit, ,h;;;;;"*iJ"J,."a heie in nont or yo,(founder members) - Broeders H W van der Merwe, H le RJooste- N F Botha,' p V Conradi", il Retief, D H C du plessis,

Iwan Lombard - every one of them wis at his post. Day and nightthey slept,dreamt and though, B;;.;;ond. They gave the idealmomentum and then the nation took over.:,T1".

uolb brought it to where it is tonight. It is the will of thevolk' rt is in the interesr of the uolk. rtis in ihe interest of th. King-dom of God that the Afrikan", gro"d..Uond shall be there."' ' ' out of the Afrikaner g.o"d..bo;d were born the best andmost beautiful thinss of our nation. ft "

faX, tt "

..orro_ll id.rl,the rehabilitation # th. Afliil";;; ,.. uo.n out of the Broeder-U:id j" =*

spherc the RroeJe;b.J played its role, as in 1934with the volkskonpre.s on the poo.-*iii. probrem when we had300 000 to 400 000- poor whites."When thc uolk *r, d.p..rscd again afrer the 193g election,

34s

with only 27 out of 140 members of Parliament, God gave us the

Oxwagon Trek. It was the Broeders who organised it' It was the

Broeders who took the initiative. Through the grace of God the

Broeders executed it. It was not that the Broeders sought to be-

come big and powerful in the nation. God used them in this in-stance too. They planned it, but God used them as instruments tomakc the trek what it was. Many people told us in places where

the trek arrived, 'It is wonderful, it is from God.' The AfrikanerBroederbond is just as wonderful,and it also is from God'

"Do you realise what a powerful force is assembled here tonightbetween these four walls? Show me a greater force on the wholecontinent of Africa! Show me a greater force anywhere else (in the

world), even in your so-called civilised nations. We support the

State, we support the Church, we support every big movement

born from the nation. we make our contribution unobtrusively,we carry it through and so we have brought our nation to wherc itis today.

"We have supplied the leaders to our nation' Pity the nation

without a leader! Every time, a leader could be chosen for the

nation from the ranks of the Afrikaner Broederbond. When we

lost Dr Malan, we had Advocate Strijdom. 'When death claimed

him we had Dr Verwoerd. When he died so tragically, God had

another man ready for us."The nation has been through terrible crises in the last 50 years'

The crisis of the depression, the political developments that started

then, the crisis after thc symbolic trek, the crisis of the Second

World War."But from the beginning our Broeders believed that the spirit of

Broederskap must be planted in the heart of every Brocder. The ties

of Broederskap rnust be so strong that they cannot be broken. If we

look back ,t*, *" can thank God that there were so few oc-

casions when the ties failed. The ties of Broederskap brought us towhere we are today, surviving all the storms. We who were inlvolved from the beginning, thank God for this. It is far more than

we had hoped for, and for that the few of us who are left want togive honour to God to Whom it is due.

"A foreign journalist who visited the country said all he could

say about the Afrikaner nation was that it was a miracle. That is

because we accepted God our Father as our Saviour in every crisis.

In those dark days when it was difficult, we went on our knees

with all our problems and God gave us a solution' That is why we

346

]s thels rhed ther be-is in-rts to-here

:aner

Lighrholc.

t th..thc-

lent'el)'.

r.- it

were adamant that the Afrikaner Broederbond should retain itschristian character' Thar must ,;; be rosr, and I thank God to-night that this is the case."Broeder Chairman, you cannor think how pleasing it is to usthat you are such a devoted .r,iii

"ib.d, that the Broe-ders on theExecurive Council are such a.".rJ-Cn.irti"rrr. W.;;;, you torealise that vou have the torr. ,o, only of the Afrikaner Broeder_bond' but oithe whore ar"r.r".l"r*ron.. when you are serving inthe fronrline' ar the South Afi-i.;;;;.adcasting corporation, wewant you to know that we are with you in spirit. v/e rememberyou in our prayers and we thank c"a ,rrr, we have a man like pietMeycr to serve Afrikancrdom;r-ril srage. May God spare youfol.r'1, years to_serve His cause in the Afrikane, ,ration."Looking ar pubtic liG in i.rri'ani; ;;^;; iiri.,rrr, ,r,.Afrikaner Broeierbond gi"., f.rl..rfrip_in every facet and sphere

ilIi,Tjj:pensabre th..f . E ".;;;;;. n,o.d..,,,. _,,,,r,g,1,.

"Dare anybodv stil ask whether the Afrikaner Broederbond,stime has e*pi.ej?. He dare "";;;k'r"ch a question! Take theAfrikaner Broederbona

"", "ianitlnerdom, and what remains?Take Afrikanerdom.out of Africa, ,rrJ*frrt remains {b;;il King_dom of God? V/ho.is going ,. ,..".Ifr" cause if Afrikanerdom isno longer there? Ask tf,e p.""pr..iniod"rir, ,what is ar the end ofyour road?' Nobody car. teli y"". Aii they say is, .We know theRepublic is behind us.' And *i"; tt . n.prutic? It is the Broedersof the Afrikaner Broederbond.

-- '^-Y i

"'When will our task.be complered? When God calls us ro ahigher dury. only then is , ,"rr[;;r; finished. your task neverends here. you a.. c^alled ro ir.rniit ,fr.lrr, minure of your life andthere is a challengero. "".ry-o.,".i*.'^ man who outs his handto the plough shourd not rook i*r.. it..e is onry one vardstickfor a member of the Afrikaner gr;.a..Uord: service. Not wharyou can get from the Afrikaner Broederbond, U", *frat io, ..,

:il.;.;TTliLlii,ff g..n.* it "")oru,u", *r,* ,.;J,; ,",

"I was pleased b,y the reception the prime Minister was ac-corded here this afrernoon. Fi.;;.;;"y our

.B r o e r s n o p

- i, i s ca, ed fi;-' ;i; I: TJJ1r.'::t J.r::, li"::r.vhich are unpopular but ,...r*.y. ^i'

*1. pleased, tfr...fo.., Uythe reception and bv the .onfid.n.l you'hru. given him. Ir is ourduty to sustain him, our duty, wheni.l, no longer there, to sup_

rionrhe\\'e

nedhad

trs.tedrnd

:ofies11'e

x--torFanro

Idists.

CS

347

ply his successor. Life must continue. If he is no longer there,somebody else must take his place. In that way our work neverends.

"God help us to continue to the end! In the name of the oldBroeders, thank you very much for this wonderful opportunity.God's blessing be with you for the next 50, 150, 250 years, into themost distant future."

Equally rousing was the speech made by Dr A P Treurnicht.Since the days when he was editor of the Kerkbode,official organ ofthe Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk, largest of the Afrikaanschurches, hc was regarded as the coming spiritual leader of the ver-

krampte (conservative) faction in thc National Party. When DrTreurnicht became editor of Hoofstad in Pretoria, he was drawninto the rightwing group led by Dr Albert Hertzog, who formedthe Herstigte Nasionale Party. For a while it appeared that he

might go along with the HNP, and what persuaded him otherwisewas Mr Vorster's decisive victory in the battle in the Broederbond(dealt with in another chapter). Dr Treurnicht instead fought a by-election in Waterberg, the former seat of Advocate Hans Strijdom,'Lion of the North', who at one stage was the only National PartyMP in the Transvaal and later became Prime Minister. Dr Treur-nicht was soon made a deputy Minister, obviously a clever Vor-ster tactic to keep him under control.

Treurnicht would have been a great danger outside the NationalParty as leader of a rightwing group. He has all the potential to be-come a forceful Afrikaner leader, and Vorster realised it. Bringinghim into the Cabinet clipped his wings by making him party tothe decision-making body. In practice deputy Ministers do not at-tend Cabinet meetings where decisions are taken by consensus:they are required to carry out policy without really having a say init at Cabinet level. In this way Dr Treurnicht became a captive ofMr Vorster's so-called "move to the left".

It was no surprise when Dr Treurnicht succeeded Dr Meyer ad

head of the Broederbon d in 1972. The speech he made at the secretBondsraad meeting in 1968 shows he had ideal qualifications to leadthe Broederbond. His views on Afrikaner-English relationshipsare particularly interesting.

Dr Treurnicht began his speech with a stirring message whichDr A M Moll, one of the original Broeders, had delivered from hisdeathbed. "Broeders, I don't envy you life, but only the privilegeto continue the battle for our naiionhood. In the world struggle

348

there.never

e oldrnitl'.o rhe

richr.rn of:aans

: lrer-

rDra\1-n

medrhe*iseondbr-)m.lltr-ur-or-

there is no end. we are a, st,l Voortrekkers on the road of our be_Iovcd South Africa. lt l, too.rii'io'irrraale...,, Dr Treurnichtcommented: ..Struo,gle for our rriiorf,ooa!. . . It is too early to un_

iltif i,IH;::i ;*. ffii I{ a rer'a i n -wr,",

T'ir,., *r,,b een wo rryr" g - ; il,".lr, ; r.; ;;jil;:ffiT* :;T:i"i: i;:,rff :'i: i::

.:i: :r;:

*h e th e th. ;;il ;; e r B ro e d er b ", J .,ili r, ",,

r,,?*:iffi {lL'Jf,-tr::**J,::T:Tf.,::ri*iT,h";b.:r:;; ;;; ffi ;'ii];.f, :.:'n' p or i cv o r s epa ra te J'".i

"i -.,,,,o;h.r.

suggesrions musr be viewed in the Iight of these ques_"Is the Afrikaner,-and is he to remain, a definabre nadonal groupwithin the broad y-hite S.;;hl;;i,, .ntityl"Has he furfi'ed hir a.rtirrf,

""J -"ra he rherefore disappear?"Has nor the attainm"n, Jf ,fr" nlprUfic meant putting a fullstop to his separate existence ""J-i"ir.,riauar nationai awareness?"I should like to quore from the _irr.rr., ofJune 5 191g (at theformation of the g.;.d.rb;r;j il.:irri._"r,,,nro.;.; H; Klop_per, srared this aim.-Our main'aim ir l Urort

"rlro"i .fadianers,now scattered over South Africa andmainly opposed to each otherwithout the srightest cohesion. ii. *i"rrion of our narion lies in;iljf;i:j:3,:,;,ff",,: rou. ro. ii, *"iru.i,g \i,;;ffi;s our

,.r.?flltl '^l:i:the following aims were formulated. 'Mettins

o v e r n a ri o n, r p.; bi;;, ::::IJ fi : ;

-,'h fl i,T.m,"n*ltigeneration and uniformity. Se.ving-rhl irrr...rts of Afrikaners atall times ... bringing Afrikaners ,;:;;;

and rovc ror the inI5,1,.,,f i;;;;;;;:;ffi:; :Til:,?:;f;:,Jtrjil:f ifi:: Jk*T "

S ou th a Ei""''*r"'; ; ;; ;; i; J,ll., ..-ai,i

",,r i., ;,, f,? ."r;::,j:1,,.:n:::*,,ne res rora ti o,' J i,,,."_d e m o c ra ti c n i.n I urr. r, a n d rea d i n e s s ; : :;Til:::r, : rH :i:r:r:yjor disrress. We build .r. fr;;;;';;il Rock, Chrisr.,,Dr Treurnicht went on: .,Those

were.concepts crystallised inthe consritution of trr" arrit.r,.r iri.#i..uond and formurated asfollows. .(a) The Creadon ;i "-;;;y and forwari_n.tirgAfrikaner unirv ro seek the *.ra* "iri" ^o,.";..-"lrr.r. rulThe stimuration of national .o.rr.iour-rr.ss among Afrikaners, in-

nalhe-

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inof

25

etrd

]s

tls'e

e

349

spiring them with love for their language, faith, traditions'

-.rrrly and uolk. (.) Promotion of all the interests of the

Afrikaner nation."The reason I quote at such length is that the Afrikaner Broe-

derbond can be rightly understood today only if we l<now the

roots from which it grows. When we no longer grow from these

roots, we lose our identity. And if we no longer want to.grow

from the Afrikaner roots, but want to be grafted on to a kind of

South African root which is not essentially Afrikancr, then we

must admit it openly to each other because then the Afrikaner

Broederbond's right to existcnce has expired'

"But that is noi the case. The Afrikaner is not prepared to be re-

garded as ephemeral in the history of nations' He does not believe

Ir, , d.rtiny requiring nations to disappear in due time' He does

not believe that his i"ight to existence is automatic' regardless of

whether he had fulfil1;d his calling: but he also does not believe

that it is praiseworthy to be weakened and to commit suicide' Ifever there was a period in our history imposing a duty to resist at-

tacks, then it is now!"If ever vigilance was necessary to the Afrikaner's interests' and

specifically tfre Afrikaner's, then it is now when some think we

have made the transition from inferiority to independence and

domination'ourmeaningfulexistenceasanAfrikanernationisnot a matter of course - just as our bodies cannot remain strong

without food, shelte, ,.,d .r,., just as our spiritual life cannot re-

main healthy as a matter of course without vigilance'i'Thi, meaningful existence has a deep positive content' 'We are

dealing with notiing less than a comprehensive national Afrikaner

movement entailing- continuous actitn by the Afrikaner to make

an impact as a nati;, to contribute and play his role as an equal in

"t..y'rrp".t of life: social, economic, scientific' cultural' religious

and poliiical. It is more than a political movement' It is the desire

of a nation to act independent\ in every sphere'

"Of course nobody irrrt, to claim the credit for these achieve-

ments exclusively for the Afrikaner Broederbond' The Afrikaner

Broederbond would not be so presumPtuous. But it cannot be de-

nied that from the Afrikaner Broede.6ond's ranks came a stimu-

lating and fertile influence on the rest of the Afrikaner nation. It is

^ f^Jt that the Afrikaner Broederbond musters some of the best

and most knowledgeable members of Afrikaner society. It is rep-

resentative of the if.ikr.r., national movement at its broadest'

3s0

lI

-It,

ions.- rhe

lroe-' the:hese

ro\\'rd oiI \\-eanL'r

3 re-ier-c-

loessofie vee. Ifr at-

and\1-e

andnis)ngre-

leT

Ie-u-15

:st

P

are

nerlkelrn)usire

"AImost everv matrer af*cting the cxisrence and ca,ing of theAfrikaner nation has becn .""rfu"r.a deepry by the AfrikanerBroedcrbond's members. The ..rrrlr, of these reflections werepassed on systematicary to the Afrikaner nadon. Marters whichwere considered confidentially were indire.rty ,ri_irri to thenation for consideration . . .

"I make bold to say that the Afrikaner- Broederbond, stronglyemphasising thc continuation of the Afrikaner nation - arso as awhitc nation - made no smalr .orrt.iiutron to the acceptance of theseparate nationhood policy which has been successfully applied . . ."On the economii front the Brocderbond and o,,t,"i.o.grnir_ations of the Afrikaner nation *"." .or..rned in the 1930s overthe Afrikaner's subjection. It *rr-rg.".a that something must bedone to give thc Afrikaner ,rr*r-.ir".ommerce and industry. Itcannot be denied that we have made great progress."The fact rcmains, however, ifrrr', tr.g" !....ntage of thecountry's commerce and indus*y is stilr i" 6..ig; ;"rll. rrrrr...is one thing making th. B.o.d#*ir...rrrry in the ranks of theAfrikaner nation, no.w and i" frt,r..lt is that full status cannor be.obtained by the Afrikaner if h. i;;, not get thc greatest possibleeconomic control' Especia,y now that we pur so much emphasison necessary co_operation between the Afrikrn", ,"a rrgiirh *.must make certain _ even if it must be done dir....Jy _"rhr, ,h.Afrikaner is the stronger parrner. v/ithour that there is still some_thing missing from o"r r"u sratus ,nJ irrd.p.rdence. This is there-fore, whar the Afrikan". gr*d*Lo"i,f,"rfd give urgenr a*en_tion to now."After dealing at length with the Broederbond's rore in religionand education, Dr Tieurnicht ..;";;;; to the cultural area andAfrikancr-English rerations. "tt i, ,t.*ge to hear, even amongAfrikaners, as well as from pr* of ri" inglish press, references roAfrikaner jingoism, applie.j ," p.ofi.

-*ho *rnt to maintain theAfrikaans culture, alongside E"grirf *a other cultures. There areevcn rhose who propose to telius that tt.- ajiiorriop *" t"ttabout does not exist. They appear to argue that co_operation be_tween the two language groups on maters of polirical policyentails repudiation of the lf.ikrr., .,r1,,r.". That we can nevertolerate!

"Let there be no misundcrstanding. There are many objectivesfor which our two *T:. .rrrr.ri'f-ups should ,re ;ili fightshoulder to shoulder. We must .rrl"rirr",. a common patriotism.

351

On cardinal points of political policy we should try to reach agree-

ment in the interest of both groups'preservation. But there is one

stipulation that the Broederbond must make clear, and this is that

co-operation with our English-speaking co-citizens cannot lead to

a reduction in our national pride. One thing we have learnt fromour history is that Afrikaner unity is precious and must not be

meddled with. We have learnt that you cannot have meaningful

unity in South Africa if Afrikanerdom is divided'"The Afrikaner is not seeking a unity in which Afrikaner unity

'is not the cornerstone, or in which the unity with his own people

is slighted or threatened. If we are going to talk about unity be-

tween our two cultural groups, then we must recognise the differ-ences, and the right to differ. we must recognise an intrinsicAfrikaner culture and an Afrikaner nation and culture that we ex-

tend the hand of co-operation to our English-speaking co-citizens.

Our Afrikaner identity is no stumbling-block, but the very com-ponent which is indispensable to meaningful co-operation."

After dealing with the need for the Broederbond to inspire the

youth, Dr Treurnicht concludcd: "I believe that the Afrikanernation and the Broederbond must again be called on to resist the

blurring of the Afrikaner consciousness in a kind of white unitywhich *itt u. neither Afrikaans nor English; the overwhelming ofour beliefs by liberalistic ideas; a temptation to yield as the tide is

turning against us.,,If theie is a message for Broederbond members on this 50th

anniversary it is:"We will not tolerate being undermined as Afrikaners,"We will not tolerate being diverted from our course as a

nation,"'We do not want to be liberalised,"'We do not want to split,,,we want to remain one and together on the basis of a christian

nationalism which has become part of us through our years of be-

coming a nation."Th; Afrikaner nation is called to be spiritual pioneers of our

time."The minutes show that Dr Treurnicht's speech was received

"with acclamation" at the Bondsraad. It appeared, however, that

Mr Vorster did not see the matter of unity between Afrikaner and

English in such narrow terms. Although the two speeches ap-

peared superficially to take very much the same line, the emphasis

352

gree-5 one; tharad tofronr>r bergful

rnitr-oplebe-

fler-rlsicer-

ens.)m-

the.ner

rheri+'Iofeis

_rh

BJ Vorster. prominent Broeder, now State president of South Africal.

;rn

d-differed' In fhct Mr vorsrer said he was not prepared to ,,rrick,,

theEnglish - a clear re.fufiation "f ,ir.'.rgfrtwingers who wanted rouse narionar unitv as a fronr, while *or?.ing hard behind rhe scenesfor Afrikaner domination.

Mr Vorster started his speech by congratulating Broeder Chair_man, Broedcr Deouty Ct,rir_rn ,'ri-rt? r*..utive Council. ..TheBroeders h,u. put ,ri.i. i."., i, iil ,Io appoinred you ro thosepositions' It is not necessary fo. m., rit". so years of the existenceof the Afrkaner Broederbond ,rd'."..yrfrirg it has meanr andcreated, to tell you how great is th. ,"rporrribility on your shoul_

ur

dItdFis

3s3

ders. We live in a complicated world. The position in which I findmyself does not alwavs make it easy to give all the answers, butthc answers must bg given in our time. You help with this and Iappreciate the co-operation from your side...

"During the past two years I have come to think that we are nothere just to live and work and enjoy what South Africa offers inabundance, but that we have been called to fulfil a task, not only inSouth Africa but in the whole of Africa. We have heard that call so

often in the past two years that nobody can doubt it."We heard it when deprcssion descended upon us. Every time

we were close to succumbing a door opencd for us which wt: as

human beings could not have opencd. It was done for us by the

God who called us to be here in South Africa and to our work' Ifwe look at the situation today in the global context, it is a matterfor wonder that numbers, thc weight of world opinion, ignorance,

and the antipathy in thc rest of the world, has not overwhelmed us

already. Therein lies the wonder of our existence."One thing we must realise very clearly: the future of South

Africa does not lie only with the Afrikaner. The future depends on

thc white man in South Africa and southern Africa fighting for his

existence. The attainment of the Republic affected all of us,

Afrikaner and English-speaker."There are two things we as Afrikaners should not do. W'e must

not overestimate the English-speaking South African: that wouldbe a mistake. But we must also not underestimate him: that wouldbe an even bigger mistake. Because the coming of the Republic has

given a message to the English-spcaking South African and has

brought about a change in spirit which we must evaluate correctly

and mobilise in the interests of South Africa."The question is how should I co-operate as an Afrikaner with

the English-speaking South African? Every onc of my predeces-

sors was confronted with that question. I remember well how I as

a boy became interested in politics and came across the word"conciliation" used by General Botha. I did not understand it and

asked my father, who was not an educated man, 'Father, whatdoes this word "conciliation" mean which is General Botha's pol-icy?' And he replied, 'My son, General Botha wants us to apolo-gise for making the English come and fight us.'

"Later we came to the point of view that the United Party as

formulated by Mr Wolfie Swart who said, 'I want my children tobe neither English nor Afrikaner.'

354

. find

. butrnd I

3 notrs inlv inrll so

rimr-.-e as

rhek. rfltternce .

dus

)urh;on'hisus.

"By contrast, we Afrikaners herd the view from the days ofGeneral Hertzoo-that permanerrt .o-op..rtion between Afrikanerand English-rp.".k.. ..rra ."ii r"."."ed along the rines of the two-stream policy _ that I as Afrikaner and everything that is my own,my language, customs, tradidons, thoughts, outlook on life, mustbe prepared to co-exisr *iri, "" r"g)ir[ ,p.rt"r;;^;;;p.ct forhis language, customs and traditio.ri."The one thinq-that shourd bi"d ;; together is common loyartyand love for Sou"th Africa, .;;;;;-.ri fatherrand ii;; royartyand'love have not,always been ,h;.;: because rhere was a double

,ffi;{}i:";3:9 roy,ity. ri. n.p,uli. b.o,gii ;;;; Jo--o.,After dealins

.at- length with the attack from rightwingNationalist, o,ii, r.rg.igr,p i;; il"p,er 11) Mr Vorsrer indi_cated what a srrong .or. th.'n.*a*t."a was praying in his rifeand his regime. ,.I am grateful, B;;;.. Chairm.an, O? _t ",

yo,have said about me. _Lm grrr.f,rl-fo.-rhe co_operation I get fromyou, the Executive CourJ and the B.o.d..r..--elrvrr r 6\

_ "lt is heartening to know ,f,.r" i, ,]r_prtny and understandingfor my task. But I wanto ."p.rin'ro.d.. br,ri._rn,-*hr, ,p_pears in public is only ,.rmrli p.., of *frr, ir-..rffy'i"r". Or"could not continue with the i"rt *ltt out awareness of ourpeople's trust - given even when they cannot be told ,"t rt l, beingdone. I am grateful to those *ho gir'. me this trust. I r*iri.rr.tychankful, because it enables -. ,o ?o ,rr'rt_ort impossible job. Forthat I am prepared ro sacrifice _yr"if; especially if I know that Ican rely on the support, ,rrrrt ".ri prayers of my Broeders in thisorganisation.,'

The Broeders absorute faith that God is protecting their organis-ation is nowhere befter,rustrated than in the 1963 minutes of theannual general meeting *rr.r, ti. "i..-.rrl.-an thanked Dr pietMeyer for his address. i,Th. .hri._ri-i, a gift from God. God has

:l}Hrf:Ien us a teader. cJ-irr'lrien our organisation rhis

AIso clear from the secret Broederbond minutes is a change ofrone which has occurred ove.fr. y"rr, ,"d in turn the Bond,s in_fluence on the Government is seen from this. The Government,shard-line attitude on racial matters l;;1. first 15 to 17 years ofpower was indeed the attitude of the 8..";;;;;i]rirrr,",,r,*years, when pressure on alr" .orri.y increased and the moralstandpoint on raciar quesrions b..;;'. poriticary dominant, rhe

lustulduldhashasrlv

"irh

es-.asrrdndlatcl-le

es

ro

355

Broederbond mellowed - to be followed by the Governmentwhich then publicly declared for the first time that discriminationbased on colour must be removed. The difference in tone can be

seen by comparing the annual reports of Dr Piet Meyer and DrAndries Treurnicht when they were chairmen with that of Profes-sor Gerrit Viljoen, the present chairman.

His emphasis on certain aspects of the role of the Broederbondin the present situation differs clearly from those of his predeces-

sors. In place of blind faith in an organisation believed to be guidedby God, Professor Viljoen wants more oPen discussions' "ln con-trast to the debate five to 10 years ago on whether the Broeder-

bond still had a role after securing stable political control for the

Afrikaner, we can frankly state that the Afrikaner has never

needed an organisation like the Broederbond more than he does

today."But then we must ensure that the machine runs smoothly

without friction. This demands increased discipline; fraternal can-

dour in seeking solutions to extensive problems aggravated by the

radical changes around us; planned progress instead ofill-prepareduncoordinated activity; deliberate, consistent action on all levels;

evaluation of results; and the allocation of enough time forthorough and dedicated work for the Afrikaner Broederbond.

"Our primary task is to activate, motivate and guide our

members, many of whom carry high-level responsibility for mak-ing and directing policy and thus are busy every day 'about the

Afrikaner Broederbond's business.' The Afrikaner Broederbonddoes not achieve its biggest successes by acting organisationally as

the AB, but much more through the thorough work of its net-work of responsible, informed and motivated members. When

committees of experts are to be made up of Broederbond mem-bers to deal with a national problem, we find that most of the key

figures in that particular field already are our people, givingleadership and carrying responsibility. 'r

"The Broederbond's function then is to form committees of ex-perts and interest groups, to bring together members viewing the

same problem from different angles, in order to stimulate and co-

ordinate. It is especially valuable to bring together official and pri-vate instutitions, experts and alnateurs. Productive circumstancesensue on the basis of frank brotherhood for stimulation, cross-

pollination and the juxtaposition of new or different ideas."

356

tentionrbeDr

fes-

rndres-

ted)n-er-rhei,-er

)es

rlvIIF

heedls;br

urk-lerd

lsr-TI

t-

)-g

19 #; E#l:ytion, Administration

The membership. requirements, aims and objectives of theAfrikaner Broederbona J;l;r;'.r1".r, its excrusivisr character.According to the organisatiorr,, .orriirrtion, the aims are:1. The establishmenr of a fr.rftf,y-rra pr"gil;;;;*; amongilr,3,ftu'"ers

who t,,1"" io" ,'rr. ;.nr. "f ;i;-;frikanei2' The awakening.of a nationar self-consciousness in the Afrikanerand the inculcation of love fb;;;rl;"guage, religion, tradirions,^ country and nation;3. The promodon of all Afrikaner inreresrs.Compared with o;n;;;., ffi :ff: :'r;: T :::,;A ff ' :..1th

er Ben e ra, a i m s

As the organisario" hrr *;;hJirllrrr"a objectives achieved inSouth Africa it has removed them from the constitution.In 1944, for example, the .o*ri^rr",iorral ,.check rist,, was farmore formidable than it-is ,"dr;. A;;o.ding ro a report, the thenChapter VI of rhe constirution said:"The Broederbond desires ,i", ,, Broeders in their poriticalaction wilr strive for th.e for"*l;; r""."orJ-iJ.rrr,"""" r'1' Removal of everything which Is in conflict with the fu, inde-

- pendence of Souih Adica;2. Termination of th,. lrrf.rio.ity of the Afrikaans_speakers andtheir languase in.the

"rgrrirrii;'o, ,n. ,rrr",3' Segregation-of ar .oroir"J;;;;';"-ic,ed in South Africawith provirt"" t: therr inJ.p.ni.lt a.u"topmenr under thetrusteeship of whrtes.

4' Stopping the exploitation of the naturar resources and thepopuladon by uiilanders 1f"..ig;.rrj including more intensive_ indusrrialdevelopment;5' Rehabilitarion oi the f"-"., and ensuring a civ,ised rivingstandard rhroueh work for all *ir"'t*gns (citizens);6' Nationalisation"of .."air

""j^;;**, and pranned co-ordina-tion of eonomic politics; - -*^^""-j

357

ORGANISATIONALAFRIKANER

STRUCTURE OF THEBROEDERBOND

Executiue councir: Highest executive authority. Serves for 2 yearsand comprises 10 members elected by National Congrers and 5co-opted from remaining Cong..r, .ro_i.rees. Meets as often aswork demands. Has full--time l".."rr.ir, to administer organis_ational affairs. Also elects 6_man -"rrg._.rt committee of itsown members to act on its behalf when necessary.

National congress: Highest authority in Broederbond. Meets every2 years to elect Execuiive Council, prrrt,rag.r r"d,i; ;;]ot.rrior,frame general policy' comprises -.-u.., of Executive counciland 1 delegate from each branch. In the y.r. Corg.ess does not sit,regional conferences are held. - r

Regional council: A number of branches can be bound together byEC to co-ordinate regional activities. co-p.ir., delegates electedby branches.

Central Committee: In towns/eities where there is more than 1branch. EC may determine that centrar committee be formed to

;:;:i::i,. local activities. Comprises delegates .r..t"J by

Branches: consist of not ress than 5, generally not more than 20Broers. Meer once a monrh. Must draiv up plan of positive acioneach year to promote aims of the organisation. Each branch hasexecutive of not less than 3 (chairman,"secretary, treasurer) and notmore than 8 elected annuallv.

Chairman: Elected by majorityelection of Executive Council.

vote in the National Congress,s

3s9

7. Afrikanerising of our public life and education in the christian

national sense with the development of all national groups left

free in so far as this is not dangerous to the State'1

Almost unnecessarily today, the constitution has a clause pro-

claiming its language to be Afrikaans'

Chau"vinist ir.1t, 1 r, g,ra ge and nationalist exclusivity' the or gan-

isation is also chauviniit iiits male exclusivity' Apart from a brief

venture into the possibility of establishing-a sister organisation' an

idea which was decidedly stillborn, the Aftik.r-,.t Broederbond is

an all-male preserve' Women play a role only in that they must be

,...ptrUt" as suitable wives foi members and must concede to the

strici code of secrecy the organisation demands; this is the one area

of their husbands' lirre, they must accept they will know nothing

about.The Broederbond consists of "Broers" (Brothers)' Admission to

this secret circle of privilege and influence is operr only,to a..white

maleof25yearsor'older,-providedheisAfrikaans'subscribestothe Protestant faith, is clean of character and firm of principle' par-

ticularly in the maintenance of his Afrikancr identity' and accepts

South Africa as his only fatherland'"Be Strong" is the organisation's motto and its credo is Chris-

tian-Natiorralism, the calvinist doctrine that lies at the heart of all

that the Afrikaner nationalist holds dear in South Africa: his edu-

cation system, his religion, his traditions, his outlook and his way

of life.The preamble to the constitution says cate.goricalll,-'!1t ptt'y

p"fiii.r'i, "xcluded

from the organisation's activities, although this

is a prorision which is regularly overlooked' as has been demon-

strated elsewhere in this book'Organisationally, the Broederbond is structured much along the

lines of a political ;;;;y. lt to"i't' of branches' linked in urbin

areas under ..rrtrrl .o-mittees and further linked under a wider

.o-o.dirrrting umbrella of regional councils' ''

Highest ,,Ithority rerolves"*ith the National Congress (Bonds-

raafi] which is the general policy-making body It has the power

to .-.rrd the constltution (after at least half the delegates Present

have given written ,.rppo,, for the amendment and at least three-

quart;s have vot"^d ftt lt;, makes resolutions' passes the budget

and elects the Executive council. It meets every two years'

The National Congress consists of the serving members of the

Executive Council arid one delegate from each branch' When the

360

snan; lefr

pro-

gan-:rieft. anrd istberhe

area

ring

ltohiterto)ar-:PtS

ris-- all

Ju-;a\'

Ii,,":r, Congress is in recess, its power is delegated to the Execu_:'";f.:1".,,, which .o_p.ir.,

.1.-0 .t..t"d ;;J;;...o_opted

The Executive council is the highest Iever of the Broederbondand operares in a rarified ,r;;;;;;i.'orpo*., that is distinct evenfrom the generar membership. illr "r.rris

rever that regurar contactrs mainrained with the Cabine, ,.rJirr* major policy ma*ers arenegotiated. The Executi". c""r.il t, "t".r.i;;il;";.ars by asecret ba'ot in the Nationar confr.rr. Before the Nationar Con-gress meets a candidates list is di*, up from nominarions sub_mitted by the branches. Er.h b;;;r, _r, submit a maximum oftwo nominations.To become an eligible candidate each nominee must be nomi-nated by ar least two branch.r

";-;;;;. existing Executive Coun-cil' must give written consent to his nomination, must have been amember for a minimu_ of fo.,. ;;;;r, ar least one of which musthave been as a branch ;;;.;.;L.., and must rrrrr. .o_pt"_tely discharged his n"r".i"i'out;;;, to the organisation. TheBroederbond chairman is the can"diarr. -rr. receives the absorutemajoriry vote in the Natlnria-;";rs ballot. irr...rni up rothree existing Executive councilio.? *itr, the Iongest unbrokenservice of over six years are culred from the list of candidates in de_clining seniority' The chairrna;;;;, affected by this require-I'"tlJ;f;lsequentlv'

a chairman tr, ,".r.a up to rz^y.r., ."r-

," t:Tjiil:ff3,"* list of candidares, nine members are electeds t a n d i n g,r,, i, ;4,T

" l' ]rT 1,.": il il r#:] ;:* *:,;,lTjince' If it happens ,hrt -o..-t;;;# r.. .r..t"d from one prov-tnce, the excess members ,.. .",,,or.i no,,, the list in order oftheir electoral suppo.rt. A re_vote i, tt., trk.n f.om ,fr. ..;rrrr"gunsuccessful Executive_Council .rraiJrr.r. The 10 elected memb_ers of the Executive.councir ,rt""lJ-"pt five further membersfrom the candidates list to *hi.".;l;

ance on the councii. rn. r*.*ti*,. Cor:,:f;:H;Hllli:i,ll:vice-chairman and an.executiv" orri*, *tich acts on behalf of thefull Executive Council in u.gert;;;;.;.The Executive Council me"ets

"b;;;;r. times a year, usually inJohannesburg or pretoria for one ;.-;*. days (3/70/71). TheExecudve's -rrrg.-.nr commit tee (dagbestuur) meets ab,out 12nmes a year.

n]-his)n-

ireanler

n-'er

ntE-:et

fe!e

361

Toadministertheorganisationthereisafull-timesecretariatatthe Broederbond h.,iqt'"tttrs, Die Eike' in Auckland Park'

Johannesburg. Top positio.,s in the Secretariat are the Chief Secre-

ir.y, th. aalinisirative Secreta'y, -t!t Liaison Secretary and the

Youth Secretary. The Broederbond's present Chief Secretary is

Mr TJ N (Naude) Botha, No 6159' Helives at 69 St Aubyn Road'

N.w -R.druth,

Aiberton. Ftris predecessors were Dr Piet Koorn-

hof, Minister of Sport and Recreation, and Senator Johan van der

ip"r, retircd Minister of Posts and Telegraphs' Also employed

full-time in the Broederbond offices in recent years were J H

Swart (No 1843), F P le R Retief (4071), H S Hattingh (7-231)' S P

Boshoff (6837), MrJ Kruger (6086)' AJ O Herbst (766)' A van

Tonder io+01, n i notfr, f itsso;, Izan Meyer (son of Dr Piet

Meyer) and Mr C du P Kuun, now in a top position at Saambou-

Nasionaal.Therearea]soanumberoffemaleassistantsintheBroederbond

headquarters in Die Eike' Some are married to members' the

others have been ,*o* to secrecy and proved to be-very reliable'

Some have served the Broederbond for more than 20 years'

The branches meet more than 10 times a year on average' for

about 2lz hours. As thete are 800 cells' there are 8 000-Broeder-

bond meetings in South Africa every year' They meet for 20 000

hours, or 2 500 working days of eight hours each' This does not

include Erecutive, norTarroia or rJgional meetings or those of

special interest grouPs- r ,

The Broederbond^'s records are so detailed that at any glven

time they can disclose such data as the average age of members and

it "

,rr".rg" age of thor. *ho died the previous year' For example:

"Thc average age of new members during 197415 1111.36'86 as

against 36,11 in tg73174,35,35 in 1972173' 36'24 in 7977172 and^

37 ,76 tn 1()7017L The new members represent a net growth rate of

4,4 percent, as against 4,5 percent, 4.,6 percent' six percent and-4'7

p.ri.r, in the Pievious four Years'"3Over a number of years, the Broederbond considered how to

gr;t the branch., itt 'd-inistrative regions whose councils

Iorf., regularly. The following table of regional councils ap-

pr"".a irio.tot., 1g76 shows t"h. .r., distribution of member-

ship throughout South Africa, not excepti"g tl'9 remotest small

,o*r. Thetmission of some towns from the table does not mean

there are no members there: if there are too few members to form

a branch they link up with a nearby group'

362

:atrk.re-:he

isrd.Tl-ler'ed

H;PanietrLl-

ndhele.

br:T-

motoi

3n

rdle:

as

rdof1

roJs

}-r-

ilm

rl

BANKEVELD DIVISION: Wolmaransstad, Venrersdorp (2), Stilfon_tein, Orkney, Leeudoringstad, ff..lrao.p (6), Hartbeesfontein.LOU/ER ORANGE DIWSION: Upington (2), pofadder, Kenhardt,Keimoes, Kakamas, Groblershooo]UPPER KARoo: Victoria-west, prieska, ph,ipstown, perrusv,le,Niekerkshoop, Flopetown, Griekwastad, Douglas, De Aar, Brits_town.BOLAND DrVrSroN: Wellin-gton (4), Strand (4), Stellenbosch (10),Somerser West (2), paarl (gj, vrJrir.]Ur.y (2), Franschhoek, Dar_ling.BORDER DIVISIoN: (Jmtata, eueenstown, East London (4),Komga. King V/illiam's Town.GRIeUALAND U/EST DIVISION: Warrenton, Vaalharts, Kimberley(4), Hartswater, Barkly West.HOOGLAND-A DTVISIO.N: Steynsrus, Senekal (2), Reitz, petrusS_teyn, Paul Roux, Lindley.

/ ---'-'

HOOGLAND-B DT'ISION: V/itsieshoek, Keste,, Harrismith (2),Fouriesburg, Bethlehem (5).'t"#uitBURG DTVISION: Randburg (12), Eikenhoe Johannes-CAPE MIDLAND DIVISION: Tarkastad, Somerset East, Hofmeyr,Fort Beaufort, Cradock, n.afora, ;lr;., Adelaide.CAPE PENINSULA DIVIS.ION: Thornton, parow (7), Kuilsriv er (2),Koeberg, Cape Town (10), GoodwooJ'12;, Durbanville (5), BIou_berg, Bellville (l l).KAROO DIVISION:-Willowmore, Steytlerville, Rietbron, Rich_

I;J.h.::rrsron, Murraysbu.g,' .Jrr,r'.r,riile, GraafGn.1.,et

121,

LOV/VELD DrVrSroN: V/hite River (2), Sabie, Nelspruit (5), Male_li:::!tr*burg (3), Komad, crrrl;p, Barberton.MIDDLE oRANGE DrvrSroN: Venterstad, S,;;;:;;rg, Noupoorr,Middelburg, Cp, Colesb..g, n,,r.g;;rJ;.p

XiSlfr'""':L?;i:'Al' Prem i e.ivn' o gies' Devon, D er mas (2),

NAMAeUALAND DrVrSroN: Wilgenhoutskloof, Springbok (2),Port Nolloth, Nababe.p, af."..ra? nlr.Jl;11,il:",::il.f,,,*:ils wi thin N,oi p.ouinciar borders, plus

\ORTHERN BOLAND DIVTSION: Worcesrer (5), Wolseley, Tul_bagh, Touwsrivier, Robertson fjl,'lr4'r",rgue, Laingsburg, Gydo,De Doorns, Ceres, Bonnievale,' il;r;;."

363

NORTHERN CAPE DIVISION: vryburg' Vanzylsrus',-Stella', Reivile'

;;t;J"rg, olifantshoek, Kuruman' Danielskuil' Bray'

NORTHERN FREE s;;;i- o''"'o^' Vredefort' Sasolburg (4)'

P;; 1ri, orrrl.ville (Vastrap)' Heilbron (3)'

NoRTH EASTERN .^iu ''''iit*' Ugi"' Sterksttoom' Molteno'

Lady Grey, Jamestown, Elliot' Dordrecht' Barkly East'

NORTHEASTERNFREESTATEDIVISION..WaTden,VTede(2)'Vil-li.rr, T*".ling, Memel, Frankfort' Cornelia'

NORTH WESTERN FREE STATE A DIVISION: Winburg' Viljoens-

kroon, Vierfontein, Ventersburg' Kroonstad (5)' Koppies' Eden-

ville, Bothaville.NORTH WESTERN FREE STATE B DMSION' Wesselsbron' Welkom

(4), Virginir, ffttu"i"en-' Odendaalsrus (2)' Hennenman' Bultfon-

tein, Brandfort (2)'

NUWEVELD DIVISIoN: Williston' Sutherland' Prince Albert' Mer-

weville, Fraserburg, Carnarvon' Beaufort West'

oLrFANrs RrvER ;' #;;;;;,'^vr.a."u"rg' Saldanha, Sandveld,

Riebeeck West, port.rrill", Piketberg, Mlorreesburg' Citrusdal'

.LIFANT' RI,ER ;;;,.[;*' VrederiJal' Van Rhynsdorp' Nieu-

woudtville, Loe'iesfontein' Graafwater' Clanwilliam' Calvinia'

EASr RAND DIVISI;;' i;t"gt (3)' N-igel (2)' Kempton Park (7)'

H ei d el b e r g t r v U tri, c'''- i

"t7' f. i;1 Eh"b u r g' E I a n d s fo n t e i n' E den-

vale, Brakpan (3),-iiJtU"tg (4)' Benoni (4)' Alberton'(3)',

EASTERN FREE sr;;; orvlsioN' Verkeerdevlei' Thaba 'Nchu-

Tweespruit, rurr.q,)'i, r'ayU""d (2)' Ficksburg (2)' Excelsior'

3lr'.T$-" DIV ISI oN : Villiersdorp' Swellendam' Riviersonderend'

Napier, H..-,"','Kl;i;;;"d' ^Crabout'' Caledon' Bredasdorp'

Barrydale.PAUL KRUGER DlvlsloN: Witbank (3)' Stoffberg' Middelburg

ii"ri t:1, Marble Hall, Groblersdal' Belfast (2)'

PIET J()uBEo, o'uiii"N: Wakkerstroom' Volksrust' Standerton

(2), Morgenror, g'l'a"r, Eendracht' Bethal (3)' Balfour' ^'

P.RT ELIZABET;p''it'"*' Uitenhage (2)' Port Elizabeth (10)'

patensie, Xi.t*oJa,' f-rt"ta""w, H"uma"sdorp (2)' Grahams-

town, DesPatch, Alexandria'

PorcHEFSToo"no "iulSIoN: All Potchefstroom cells (14)'

PREToRIA ptvlstoN: A1l cells in Pretoria (91) plus Brits'(4)'

RHoDESIA DIVISILN: ai ttUt within Rhodesia boundaries'

RUSTENBURG DIVISIoN: Zeerust' Thabazimbi (2)' Swartruggens'

Rrrt.rrbrrg (4), Northam, Koster (2)' Groot Marico'

364

leivile,

s (4),

rlteno,

). vil-

ioens-Eden-

lkomlrfon-

Mer-

lveld,rsdal.{ieu-ria.

k (7),lden-

Ichu-lsior,

rend,lorp,

burg

'rton

(10),lms-

SAAMWERK DIVTSIoN: pongola, piet Retief (2), Hendrina, Ermelo(3), Chrissiesmeer, CarolinI.CENTRAL FREE STATE DrVrSroN: Bloemfontein (26).Warmbaths (2), Roedtan,. p";;i.;srus (3), Nylstroom (3), Na_boo m sp ru i t, M"g_"_,, K ".d.*;:;;) itir.r, 1z; .SOUTH CAPE A D

L a di s mi th. D ; *'J],: 3,X,X:;: o"

"' o u d tsi o o r n (4), Lan gkl oo {SOUTH CAPE B D

Y::::l u,r, [""r'* H.t:'i;i5tcP' Riversdare' Hartenbos'

;:.?HilJ:1il:35::::i 6N' v....,,i gin g (6), van d erbij r-SOUTHERN FREE STATE DTVISTON: Trompsburg, Springfonrein,Phillippolis, petrus bu rg, Lr.kl;fc K offi

"fo, r.in, Jager-s fontein,Jacobsdal, Fauresmith, "ia."Curf '^''

souTH EASTERN FREE srAT; DIVISIoN: Zastron, Wepener,

,trtt'lT'f;I"1,:l,f ' R e d d e rs b u' g'' H o b h o,,, ",

o. -. t, d o rp, B e-SWA-NORTH DIVIIGrootfontein.

SIoN:Tsumeb, Outje, Otjiwarongo, Oshakati,

iI;1;I.*.RAL DrvrsroN: Windhoek (5), Walvisbaai, (Jsakos, Go_

SWA-SOUTH DIVISION: Mariental, Keetmanshoop, Karas, Aranos.A:,.H[,.o4)" DIVISIoN: vtt"t"po', Gatsrand, ro.r,'oitt",H F VERWOERD DIVISION:.V/aterpoort,

_Vive, Soutpansberg, pie_tersburg (6), Messina, Louis T.i.h;;;:Dendron. :VERWOERDBURG DIVISION: AII CCIIS- COMiNg UNdCr thc tWO VCr-woerdburg central comrirtees (14, ;1", Olifantsfontein.wESr RAND DrVrSroN: Roodepoori i+ll nrraf.ntein (2), Ontdek_kers (2)' Mutdersdrif (1 FouchJ), ,rl)rlrurrg (L v/irdenboer), Ma-galiesburg, KrugersdJrp (6), ii;;i;; ;;.rWESTERN TRANSVAAT-oivrsloN, S.l]rir.ir.._Reneke (2), Sannie_shof ottosdal, Mafeki"s (2j,;i.h;;;;rs (3), Delareyviile, ce_Iigny, Bospoort, Biesiesvlei.WESTERN FREE STATE AND SOUTH WESTERN TRANSVAAL DIV-fi:*#;"pstad, Hertzogvi,", B.rl.rli,e, Christianr,"n"orr,oe

WOLKBERG DIVISIoN: Tzaneen (2), phalaborwa, Letsitele, Dui_u,elskloof, Blyderivier.

Nineteen new divisions (cers) were added in rhe course of 1977:

36s

Kempton Park (Thys Marais); Kempton Park (Witfontein);

K.-pto, Park (Ysterhout); Bloemfontein (Olienhout); Ermelo

lNool,g"archt); Pretoria (Hartbeespoort); Springs (Presidents-

dam); ilrits (Die Kareeboom); Pretoria (Concordia); Standerton-

i"ia, Katimo Mulilo; Durbanville (Door de Kraal); Rustenburg

(Olifantsnek); Rustenturg (Wildevy); Upington (de Vet Strauss);

i-utzville; Badplaas; Braklan (Gert Bezuidenhout); Secunda (Ca-

rolus Trichardt).

The Super-Afrikaners try to reach as- many top people as they

can. The iatest breakdown of membership shows this' .

Even more impressive are the members' positions in their occu-

pr,i""t. it " n.o.aerbond circulated the most recent information

in 1977. Membership then was 11 910' Farmers were the second

largest group numbering 2240 or 18,81 percent'

f, tfr" professions ","ttit'g the greatest influence on public

opirriorr, ,r.h ,, education an-cl 'e[gLn, Broeders hold almost all

the top positions. The teaching profession constituted the largest

group - 20,36 p....r, (2424)i ilelgyTt' 7,72 percent (848) and

7he public service 4,35 percent (518) of Bond membership' Obvi-

or'rsly th.r. are many more Broeders in the teaching profession

i.a* but in 1968 tirey included^24 rectors of universities and

teachers training .oti.g.r, 171 professors, 176 lecturers' 468 head-

masters, 121 school inspectors and 647 teachers'

Sixteen managers of .'.*'p'per groups and 22 editors were

members. Of the 419 public t"t"t'ti in 1968' 59 u'ere secretaries

or assistant secretaries tf d.p""*ents' In the legal profession there

were 16 judges, 13 advocaies, 156 attorneys and 67 magistrates

*ho *.rL Bioederbond members. In banking 154 were managers'

22 accountants and 22 ot'het executives'

It is easy to see from these figures what has happen-ed' By rop-

ing the best talent in Afrikanerdom into the ranks of the Super-

Afrikaners ,rrd pr'rriirrg them to the top, the Bond has seized cdn-

trol of ,o*. oi the most important professions' Should a very

crprbl. man not be spotted by the organisation' and yet manage to

g"r ro the top, the Broederbond will almost certainly consider him

for membership provided his credentials are right and provided he

isnottooold.^Inthiswaytheorganisation'sinfluenceisguaran-teed to grow all the time'

AllthefixedassetsoftheBroederbondareregisteredinthename of the Uniediensburo (Pty) Ltd', whose shares are at all

366

ein);nelorlts-ton-)urgrss):

Ca-

h")'

lcu-ion:nd

dmes exclusively held by members of the Executive Council, whoact as trustees for the organisation.The appointed trusteel -"r;;; ar times deposit the rerevanrshare cerrificares andlo. blr"k;;;f., fo._, ;fh ;.;.rerary ofrhe Execurive Council. C;;;;;l;rr., ,r,. organisation,s assets isu'ielded by directors of the Uniediensburo, who follow theExecutive counc,'s i"rr.rliiorrl'ir- ,..o.arnce with ,ir" p.o.._dures laid down in the.d;;;;;,-" of the rffli.r;;; .,,_prrr.The Broed..O::.1r, n"1**_;; membership fees, donationsand ,egacies' The enrrance fee is RiO fb, B.o;;;;, ,rii.ros y.r.,old, with a Ioading of R4 fb, .;;;;year above that. The annualmembership fee is R20, givin*-r;.^organisation a guaranreedannuar income of about iz+o-ooo''t.o- 12 ooo members. ArIt'inances are handled ,n,.orgh Uifir.rrUuro (pty) Ltd, with thechairman and secretary as the ,,directors,,.

At annual meedngs, srrr._.""'"ilccounts are submifted by the

ft:.ir'ff;.1;,";ai".,., na.;;;;r; s. co or 5 1 1v;iffi ;; B uird_

n i-, u . ri,i; _il T,, J,:l ffi :r,i." rIi :ff ::: r,Iffi liTsonally' He is of"courr. , B.o.ier himserf The other big fund con-rrolled by the Broederbona, ii.^Eir.rstiaan de v/et Fund, nowrorals more than R2-mittior,. irrt-r""a is audited by Meintjies,Vermooten and partners of 505 n.rrrrl"ilr,l:T::: ,t_r_ T::Y;JJrru".rrooi.r, a promine", ul'.:'i:: ili:tifl;

rfi:,T::

- The origin of the Christiaan de Wet F::g *1, explained by pro_tessor A N pelzer l.rh: Arrarrrr)'

"f'DO.when he presented anhistoricar review ' "rn. i*o;; .f d;,i*,0".,.. Broeierbond hasbeen restricted over the years ," ;;;;, established in the articles.Apart from that rhere was incidental income, but that did notamount to much. From this income th. g.o*lrrg internal expenseshad to be covered. lld wh_ere p;;;ibl.l.lp had to be given ro de_serving activities of rhe A{iikr;;;;;;ederbond o, oth.. wer-dis-posed Afrikaner organisations. I" ,li, way the Bond madeR71 600 available up to June 30 1g5a to worthy causes. Becauseihis was only a frrciion of *f,r, _r"r'."rff, ,..a.a, ,nl nlirri,ytor a subsranrial reserve fund *r, *o.gly felt. Broeder I I Bos_man, first general manager of Volkskal, faced this challenie andsubmitted a scheme toti'. r".."n"" C.;";;iA;;. ir""#r, .,a powerful reserve fu,d. In

"..orarr."-riith this a non_profit mak_rng company with rhe name ,Christiaan de V/et frrj; _.r, ..g_

blicall

iestrndvi-ron

.ndrd-

:reies

lretes

rs.

P-

n-

ryrom

IC

t-

te

ll

367

istered in 1.949 with its first target to collect R100 000' When this

,"-.g", was reached in iqso the iondsraad decided to reach a second

target of R100 000."When the fund had reached R250 000 in 1963' the Afrikaner

Broederbond faced an exceptional challenge when deliberate trea-

*r, p.r, the Sunday Times it' po'se'sion of secret documents' To

the AB it was more a challenge than a punishment and therefore

the Bondsraad decided o" tvtaiZt ,1963 to increase the Christiaan

de wet Fund to R1 000 0oo. the favourable reacrion from Broed-

ers resulted in the aim to announce during the t-tlt!:1t'^":t of the

Bondsraad in 1968 thrt tht fund had ""htd R1 000 000' (This

amount had in fact been reached even before the Bondstaad meet-

i'g)'"nThe christiaan de wet fund cannot use ordinary Broederbond

funds like -.-b".ri-,i; i*t etc' Neither can the capital be uscd for

any purPose. Broederbond activities, covert or overt' are funded

from the interest o, it. .'pltal only' When the fund was launched

members were asked ,o -'k" donations on top of their subscrip-

tions. When the frnJ aimed at R1-million' Broeders were asked to

contribute R50 over a three year period' Such targets are set and

branches are reminded regularly io ttt that the pledges are con-

tributed.The latest balance sheet (February

total as F<2129 365,75.It is made uP

Capital fundInvestment Reserve

Federal fundRoad building fund

28 tg77) shows the fund's

as follows:R1 328 266,23

532 988,82

267 288,70

8,22,00

655 353,60

318 886,08

642246,7-)86 656,69

355 924,13

140 031,35

of the funds and

(to the Hartbeesjeugterrein)The capital fund is made up as follows:

Fixed ,rr"tr of Ptg74 239,68 comPrising:

Office block, Die Eike,(administrative headquarters)-

Hartbeesjeugterrein (meeting place for

Bondsraad, annual meetings etc,)

The investments total I 084 827,57 comprising:

Listed shares

Unlisted shares

Short term investmentsHousing loansIt is notled in the accounts that the administratton

368

Ip

flil

i:i

hen thisr second

frikanerrte trea-:nts. TorereforerristiaanBroed-

rs of the). (This/ meet-

lerbonduscd forfunded

runchedrbscrip-rsked toset and

rre con-

: fund's

1266,23! 988,82| 288,70

822,00

other costs amounted to R70 2g1,01 and the income from theHartbeesjeugterrein was R54g,16, giving the fund " brir.r." ofR2129 365,75. During 1976 the "fund

received donations ofR123 134 but an amount of R63 3g7 had to be deducted from theassets because the -farm Strydhoek was given back to the donorwho had stipulated that it was ro be used"fo* n.o.d.riorra rrori_day resort. After investigating^ the implicarior* fo.-rrrrry y.rr, ,t.Execurive decided it was not feasibre arrd grrr. trr. ar- ilJ.t . (The

?.- .r"": originally donated, according to Circular g/63/64, byBroeder S A Maree. It,comprised 3 000 morgen ,,conservatively,,

'alued at R100 000 and was ,itrated in the 6*t."rU.rg'i.r*...,Harrismith and Bergville.)

The healthy invesrment reserve fund of more rhan R500 000 isaccounred for in Circular 5/75/76 which ascribes i, ,o p.onr, o.,share transactions. (It is interesting to note that while the sharemarker was so depressed the Biederbond _rrrg;J ,o _rt.R512 447 on share transacrions.) It is the poricy of t[" tr.rrt.., ofthe funds to use only the inte.est.

^,11 ,1. financial year 1976/1977 interest of R1 12613,00 on rhechristiaan de v/et Fund became available for Broederbond activi-

::rj ^Il.was spenr as follows: FAK R3 100, Nasionri, j*g*oa

R27 014, Ruiter.wag R10 037, A,frikaanse Studentebond R4359, Ce_nootskap uan Rhodesiese Afrikaiers R1 109, traveling .*p.*., orstudy commirrees (watchdog committees) R10 sazl.tri"rrt dia-fogue R9 000, student affa]rs R322, administration of fundsR4 321' microfilming of documents R2 73g, secrerary fo. liaisonwork R12 543, African youth acdon (SABRA) RtS OOO, officerent R5 334.|t is noted in the accounts that the fund wourd have roincrease by about 10 percent to meet its present commitments ifinflation is taken into consideration.

- The importance the Broederbond attaches to the christiaan deWet Fund and its ro]g.is clearly illustrated in many oirf,.1..r",

documents. "The Afrikaner Broederbond is entering , ,..u irn_portant new phase of its existence, one which .on...r", th. f.ot..-tion and developmenr of our christian white man's r.p,riiiii.r rt.I1-:.:"11:1t! ltru.ssle

against the forces seeking ro'a.riroy tr.,,Decause the organisation cannot face this mighty-chailenge with-out the necessary funds, ,,the Bondsraad deci{ed;;;;;y thatthe christiaan de wet Fund must grow to R1-milion in the nexr

1!ree years" (Extraordinary circuri', to b.r.r.h chairmen ,-jun- tz1e63).

;353,60

i886,09

'.246,75,656,69,924,13) 031,35rds and

An important asPect of the de Wet Fund's expenditure.is the

work of the Broederbond's watchdog committees (see Chapter

ZAj. ffr... are 74 of these committees whose 156 members reP-

resent "the best brainpower in almost every sphere' not only in

South Africa, but probably in the whole world" (circular ofJune

12 1963.) These committees investigate aspects of Government

policy and South African problems and propose-solutions'

Large amounts were also allocated from this fund to attain re-

p"Ui.-." trrtus for South Africa' The Broederbond played- a.deci-

,irr. .ol. in the referendum narrowly won by the pro-repub.licans'

Their members campaigned actively' As one Put it: "Every

member (there were ,blo.,t 8 000 then) became an -organiser'

knocking t, doo.s, persuading people to vote for the Republic'"

But money plays an important part ln such a campaign and the

taps of the ihristiam d. Wet Fund were turned wide open' "'We

also helped formulate, disseminate and promote the acceptance of

our traaidonal policy of separate development"' according to a

secret circular oi1*r.r" 12 Da.,.The promttion of the ideals of our

nation and the co-ordination of yot'th, sPorting' social and other

activities were also made possible by the fund. In these spheres we

mostly gave financial support to our organisations. acting as our

p"bli. #orrrr, to facilitati attainment of our ideals'"

The Christiaan de Wet Fund also ploughed thousands of rands

into the coloured Federal Party which, in its early years, sup-

ported the Govern-.rrC, ,.p""" d-evelopment policy'^It bought

more than a dozen Land-rovers with louJspeakers for Chief Lea-

bua Jonathan's Lesotho National Party' It must have been a sad

day for the Broederbond when he turned his back on South

Africa, a few years after the secret organisation's magnificent gift

had helped him come to power' The iransaction was so discreetly

handled that only a fe* B.oeders were privy-to lt anf it is not cer-

tain that eren C'hief Jonathan knew where the Land-rovers came

from.The Broederbond fund for day-to-day administration

amounted to R192 034,57 in 7974' It appears from the.balance

sheets that the annual administration costs including salaries were

R1,22 939,56 and income from membership fees was.R126 271'05'

The Boni paid only R64,15 income tax on the fund that year'

Branches retain iwo-fifths of the membership fees to finance

their own activities. It appears that at any given time they have

about R150 000 at their dirpot'l' To boost the Christiaan de Wet

370

is rheraPteri rep-ilv iniJune.ment

in re-deci-cans.:vervriser,)Ilc.I the"Wece oftoaIourrthers \\-eour

rnds;uP-rghtLea-

sadruth

srfredvcer-lme

nce

lve[et

ftlh*:i:f; called on them to hand.over rheir "surprus". The

used produ;#LTfi:t'#:,'gle in branch "'ou"il''ould be

,,1:: :iffi"11;r,h.i. ; ;; ;:;;#;l b anks or b.uldin g s o ci eti es

,.n d, p p, o.,. ; il,TI?, #,};:-J"",ff l, I i:: jT ff :i: *r:X:rhat rhe ,..orr,, _are all with afrik".r.. brrrk, such as Volkskasand Afrikaner building ro.i.;i";-r;.ti * Srr_bou_Nasionaal.Members paying

11Ji. rrur.ipilrt ny stop order are assured in'rrculars rhat this *i, nor j".r;;ir; recrecy. In circurar 3/63/64the Executive said th. -rti..;;d il discussed with bank man-agemenrs and that the officials dealing with the ,r"p i.i.r, fr.abeen sworn to secrecy.In Circular 4/76/77, members who queried the bank charges onstop orders paid to the christiarn i..-#., Fund through vorkskas,rhe bank srarted bv the n-.i.]il""i,1"... reassured. .,In terms ofinter-bank agreements' none of the members' banks can give thatkind of servi-ce without firrrr.irt'..*.ri. rn. Vorkskas sJrution isro make regular paymenrs to the de V/e_t Fund. l, iii".""ri..r, ,gift of R3 500 was made receniiv r"",r," tu;J.t;:,ri*,Jil,r*,,used in wills making legacies ,"'rfr. nlrra, once again for reasonsof secrecy, and the po; hrr; fr;; if_ *hi.t, members, wivesor relarives get R150 f". fu""rril;;"

The Christiaan de V/et FunJ ;;;;;;., in almosr roral secrecy.

[Iiffi: " "r"-t"'"T :l i' "' ; ;;'o "o'::.' r" d i *,, ; ; ; i; 1.,..., -

:* itr rr ;:'# : I ;' :T ::: :: ,1: J :,!1 f if ? ;,,",.? **The Broederbond is enrrenched in south Africa unt, nine-renths of the members requesr the Execu-tive Council,lr'*.itirrg

1. 1,'b^r:* rn this (unlikeli) ";;,Iiirrrr.. of the assers woutdgo to Afrikaans cufturrl oigr.riraj;;.. rhe ,,estare,, had beenx'ound up.

IOnnce'ere

05.

,^ !rr! Daily Mail, December 15 1944.l. Dr Pier Meyer.3. Statistics tor tgl+t-75-1. Minutes of the Bonilsraad meering, 196g

371

20 Recruitment

Gaining membership of Afrikanerdo-m's most exclusive organts-

ation involves a long and complicated process of checks and cross-

.t..t, a,r.ing whict a[ members can have their say' By the time a

lrr;iar," ,rrrd, at the threshold of membership he has hadto sur-

"i""rt"pfrlsticatedsurveillanceinwhicheveryfacetofhislifehasbeen carefutly."r-lrr"d. The organisation knows his background'

his habits, his strengths, his weafnesses' his affiliations' and every

detail of his family life and working life'

For the greater part of the process - which can take three years -the prospJctive member has no idea he is the focus of close scru-

;iby th. Bro.d.rbond machine' Again the preservation of the

organisation's strict code of secrecy is p"""ot"'t' and it is ensured

by-a system of .rt-off points "

*i'ith the Broederbond can aban-

don his recruitment without having endangered any of its jeal-

ously guarded secrets. The process has.five formal stages'

1. A Broeder gives notice io his branch that he is going to nomi-

nate a candidate. 2.Thebranch is informed of the personal.details

of the target recruit. 3. The target recruit is approved by the

branch members, the general membership and the Fxecutive

Council. 4. He it ii..tJ.tfy approached to discover whether he

would be willing to join' S' ft'e recruit is inducted'

Strict guidelines a're laid down in the standing orders for all

these prJcesses. No Broeder may be directly or indirectly in-

volved in the propolrt or seconding of any candidate until he has

been a mcmber foru y.,t' A BroedJr may not propose or second at

blood relative, or a relative by marriage' nor may he b-e .present

when the branch discusses the nomination of a relative' It is abso-

luiely essential that the proposer and seconder know the target re-

cruit well.ifr.y must both be convinced that he strives for the perpetua-

tion of a separate Afrikaner nation with its own language and cul-

ture; that fr. glr., p."ittt"tt to Afrikaners and other well-dis-

p...a people Irra .o-p"nies in the economic' public and profes-

372

!arus-:TOSS-

ime a

) sur-e hasrund,tverv

:ars -scru-,f the;uredrban-jeal-

omi-etails' theurive:r he

,r all; in-: hasrnd a)sentbso-'t re-

lrua-cul-dis-rfes-

sional fields; that he uphords the Afrikaans ranguage at home, inhis job and his community at large; that he is a protestanr; thatthere is nothing in his personarit"y,'character or behaviour thatrvould make him unsuitible for membership; that t",r'.*..p,r.-nally. trustworthy, principled and pruden,; ,hr, he can _".t tn. n_nancial implications of mcmbe.ship; that he is abre rrrJ*rui.rg rotake an active, regular and loyal pr.t i" ,ff th" o.gr.rirriiorr,, ,.,i'iries; and that he does not belong to any other secret or semi-secretoganisations.

If the target recruit has lived in thc branch area for ress than two_vears, or has been known to his sponsors for less th", t*o years,the permission of the Executive council musr be obtained beforehe can be nominated. If he lives ln ,r, ,r.b", area where there ismore than one branch, and is known to fewer,rr"" rrrrrirr" memb-ers of the sponsoring branch, his nomination form must be ac_companied by a "satisfactory list,' of local Broed"., *t o knowhim well.

A target recruit must not be nominated unless there is a goodchance that he wilr accept membership. The branch execurivemu-st satisfy itself compretery that the candidare,s admission isreally desirable, and at least two m.mbers of the executive mustunderwrite the nomination before it is put to the branch for ap_proval.The Broederbond specifies exacting cultural, family, moral, re_ligious and politicar characteristics in it, ,...uitr. The srightest de_

'iation from strict Afrikaner norms can jeopardir. -.-i'..ship. Ifa target recruit's credentials are tainted," ho*.r., rrigrrtiv, i. h*Iittle chance of being ]nvited to join. For exampre, scores of other-rvise eminently eligible Afrikaners have been ...1"ctea u..*r. trr"ymarried English-speaking women. others hrvJb.e., turned down

because they were sent to English_medium schools; others, again,because they belonged to ,Ipo.,, .lrl, *hose members weremainly English-speaking.

. Irregularity in church a*endance is a definite handicap - and rhechurch he attends musr be one of the Afrikaner Estabrishment de-nomination s: the N ederduits e c ereformeerire Kerk, N ed erauits ci u er-uormde.Kerk, Gereformeerde Kerk, or the more recentry acceptable-4postoliese Celoofsending.uon Srid_Afrika. Divorc. pri,

"n .'.rd ,oany chance of memberihip, and ,rrri.r, under

"r."jtlorrrt-;;rr__s.lances is grounds for expursion. Invorvement in courr acrions isdistincly frowned upo., i.,d courd wreck cha.rce, oi;.;;;;"...

373

participation in any form of Sunday sport or recreation would im-

mediately raise the puritan hackles of the organisation and hamper

admission.Despite a clause to the contrary in the constitution, the "wrong"

party political affiliations will prevent membership' This applies

prrti.rtr.ty to members of the Herstigte Nasionale Party which in

ih. .r.ly i970, ,hook the Broederbond with its worst crisis and

.r*" ,".y close to tearing it apart' The crisis was resolved when

the organisation expelledll HNP members' Membership of any

of South Africa's opposition parties (the Progressive Federal

Party, the New n"prbti. Party, or the South African Party) would

be regarded as an aberration militating against acc-eptance'

If ih. target recruit is able to emerge unscathed from this obsta-

cle course,"the five-phase process of recruitment may continue'

The sponsoring Broede, gives verbal notice at an ordinary branch

meeting that h"e intends t m,kt a nomination' At the following

morrthl"y meeting, after ensuring that none of the target recruit's

relatives is present, the branch d]scusses his prospects' unless it is

clear that the branch supports the nomination, the process stops

here. If, however, there'appears to be general support- for the

nomination, the target t..t.rlt is proposed and seconded by the

two sponsoring Broeders. This is a formal, written nomination on

a pres'cribed fo"rm which contains full details of his personal cir-

cumstances.At the following monthly meeting the target recruit's full per-

sonal details are read out to ih" -t"ti'g and a vote is taken' All the

branchmembersmustparticipatebyindicatingontheilballotforms "Yes," or "No,'; or 'i\bstain'" Two votes against the

nomination are enough to squash it' If the ballot is unanimously in

favour, or there is only one vote against, the proposal form.is sent

to head office. A member casting a negative vote has 14 days to

explain it in writing to head office. Failure to do this causes his ob-

.1..tion to lapse, i'nd it will be disregarded by the Ex"ecutlYe-Council.

At head office the chief secretary draws up a list of nomr-

nations received from all the branches. The list is sent to the

branches with the regular monthly circular letter so that members

throughout the counlry can register objections to the candidacy' Ifthere fre objections they must be sent with written explanations to

head office for consideiation by the Executive Council. Although

it is not stipulated in the standing orders, it is generally accepted in

Broederbond lore thar even one objection can block membership'

374

im-rPer

ng",lies

rinrndhen

INY:raluld

;ta-ue.rchingit"sris)Ps

rhe

:heonir-

3r-helotheinIrrtoL!'eri-he'rs

ITto

;hinnr'

According to Broederbond sources, the serection process isoften abused by members and ."riid"r., are often rurned downon spurious grounds. Ir is common for -.-b;;;';;;;. objec_tions for reasons ?f

..?.--..1cial or fersonal rivalry. It appears thatonce they are on the "inside", -.-t.., are reructant to share withnewcomers their privileged and excrusive status. In any case thegrowth of the Broederbond is limire; b;ri;;il,r.,* io hightysectional membership requirem..rrq ,rrd by each b;";L beinglimited ro a quora of iwo ;.* ;;;;.r, "

y.r., one under 35 yearsold and the other under 45.Final say in the selection process rests with the Executive coun-cil' Nominarion to the Broede.b;;;Jr not a one-chance affair. rfthe nomination fails at the b;;^;; generar membership Iever,the sponsors can renew the nomination after a year. If it fa,s asecond time, they must wair two years before;iilg .grir. rr,.Execudve Council,has the po*..io ,uspend a nomination, evenafter the candidate has survivea ,rr. r.r..,ion process at branch andgeneral lever' In this case, six months must pass before a secondnomination can be made.

Once the Executive Council has approved a nomination, the ac_tual recruiting process must,begin *i,rrm six months or the whoreprocedure must start from the 6.gi""i"g again. Recruitment takesplace under the direction of an i"i";;;;-, committee comprisingat leasr two Broeders ele*ed ,rrnurtiy'by each branch. The firststep is taken bv a Rroeder who know, tt. tr.g"t...r"ii.*.ff _ i"all likelihood one of the ,*; ,il;;., _ *fr" approaches him andputs out discreet feelers to test his attitude towards organisations ofthe Broederbond's nature. No details of the organisation are re-vealed.If the reaction is favourable, the target recruit is put in touchrvith the information committee which ihen takes over the recruit-ment procedure. The committee members can hali-,frir^1, ,rystage where thev feel the target recruit does not compry fury withall the organi'aiion's requiremenrs. He musr give an underiakingthat the discussions to follow -,i;.-k"pt utterly confidential -rvhether or not he finally a..ia", ,o lipl, fo, membership. The

::L:g]"s orders sa.y: ..Because the sr"'"i;b."il'r#.i'ln. .._crulters must work very carefully. Neither the inte.nal *o.tirgr,such as the selection system, nor the names of members, may bementioned without express permission. fh. ,trrdi"g-".a.r, ,"aother documents of th. org*i.rri"" _ry not be disclosed.,,

375

W'hatcanberevealedtothetargetrecruitarethefollowing:thatadmission to the organisation is by invitation only; the contents of

the constitution; the existence of a ptogt'mme of action; the var-

t;;";G;;i",i,", b;l;"s to the oiga"is'tion' such as ministers'

doctors, professors, f"*t"", artisansi lawyers' advocates' teachers'

officers and mercha"itt it" financial torn'-it-tnts of R40 on ad-

mission and R20 annual subscriptions as well as any levies which

the Executive Council may imio'e; that at the annual congress a

;;;;;;it f..r".,t.d; thtt '"""t" fund exists; and that the Broe-

J.tU"""d is strictly selective in its membership'

If the targe, ,..,oi 'gtt"' iojo*' he.must hll it' ' formal appli-

cation form which i; ;"; on t; the chief secretary at head office'

He in turn notifies the branch secretary if the Executive Council

approves the nomina;i";,;"; gives the green light for induction'

376

latoftr-rs.

rS.

d-chia€-

ti-

cil1.

21 Induction

The Broederbond's induction ceremony is a darkly dramatic affairthat culminates in a sacred oath before God to .r.ry th. ,..r.t, ofthe organisation to the grave. As the new recruit stands on thethreshold of admission to the ranks of the Super_Af.lkrr..r, hi,knowledge of them is scant and vague. They have al-.Jir,. ...-e-mony with a caution which is typical of all their activities. Likethe.recruitment process, it has ,"r.r"r cut-off points so thaithe re-cruit is exposed gradually ro revelations of the orgrrrirrtio.r,, irrrr",secrets. At each of these points he must

".kro*i"dg" ,fr"i t. i, l,accord with everything he has heard so far and wisies ii.-i.ra,r._tron to proceed to the next phase.The version of the_ ..r.-ory which was approv ed in 1974 may

be considered refined, .o-pr..d with the bizarre,rituaristic enror-ment procedure of the Broederbond,s early days. Then, ,..orairg!o reports, there was a dramatic rite wiih a,,body,,'on-, bi.r,transfixed with a dagger. The dummy,s winding ;t".;;;, .__broidered in blood red, with th. *o.d Verraad (Treason). Everymember had to stab it wlt! a dagger, symb,clicaily indicating thept""lty..g!betrayal. The "chaplaiJ' conducting ttre ..r.-orry ir,-toned: "He who betrays the riond wilr be destioyed uy ti. norra.The Bond never forggts Its vengeance is swift ".ri ,,rr". Never yet

has a traitor escaped his just pu"rirhment.,,,The constitution, ,trrrdi"g orders and induction rubric now

1o1ta]n no description of this macabre rituar. Bur even in its modi-fied form the induction ceremony remains a chilling "ffri, ,t r,could come straight from the prg., of fiction.

It takes place at night in a daikJned room. Two candles give theonly illuminarion. The venue is usually a member,. horri., o. "regular branch meeting-prace. The winiow, are shrouded and allsources of light masked. At the top of rhe room is a table J.rp.arvith the South African flaq. As a symbor of Afrikane. .r.trrrirri,y

and rejection of the British, *hor. oppression of the Afrikanersrvas the original raison d'etre of the B.oederbond, the U"i""j".t r"

377

the flag is covered, otherwise flags of the former Boer republics

are used.zThere is a flickering candle at each end of the table' Standing be-

frlJ it is the Broedei who will conduct the induction ceremony'

usually the chairma;;i'h branch' The recruit is escorted into the

room by ti,,po"'ot' "d 't"'dt facing the table' Silently' the

branch members - *t'o are not known Lv him to be Broeders -file into the room '"i '"t*i' ""teen'

behind him' Those who will

contribute to the tttt-""y have torches to read their passages

'from the inducti""";;;J#ok' Now the emotional and psycho-

i"gi.rf Preparation for the induction begins'

There may be ' f'y-t'' the only optional part of the ceremony'

and then the chai'#''';;;';;;tt tile branch members th':-.]1 th"t'

moments of deep "'iot"t""" they must recall their own induc-

tion and treat the ;;;;;;t' ' t"'ffit*ation of their commit-

ment to the organi"siii.". irri, is forlowed by a scripture reading

,rJ , p.ry.r. fh"" the induction itself begins'

CHAIRMAN - 't)''" ';;ih no*' of thi recruit and savs: Your

fellow-Afrikaners *t'o "t members of the Afrikaner Broeder-

bond have, ,fr., ."ti't consideration' decided to invite you to be-

come a member of this organisation' -.

For this ,"r,ot','y,o.] ;;?; ;een c"lled here to learn what the

principles and ideall of 'f" Afrikaner Broederbond are and' after

vou have heard '"J "*p'"d wflt will be expected of you as a

il;;";: ," -,tt ^''ott-n and binding proTlse of trust',

But first it is necessary that yo" torn-pfy with two conditions'

Firstly, troboay *io l' ' -"mbtt of "t'y secret "t tt*l;li'tt^"j

"rg."i.iri"n, or is in any way connected with such an organrsatlon

apart from tn. n,ittit"lg 11f'9 nttederbond's junior organisation)

may be , -"-u"t oi 'nJar'it"'er

BroederbJnd' e"cept with the

ffiov"l of the Executive Council' .t-^ -^.*,,it n,,l cnyt:

CHAIRMAN - ;;;t''' tiU name of the recruit and says: Do you

solemnly a".t"",'ii"tt'i-f"""tt.oi th" witnesses here gathered"

that you are not ' **Utt oi or in any way connected with' any

secret or seml-secret organisation?

What is Your answer?

RECRUIT - rePlies: Yes'

CHAIRMAN - Secondly' you must know that the confidentiality

of the Afrikanerit"tittUti"a and its activities O "::^:l:ne most

important .t "'"JJ"L'' "'J trt" the strictest protection of that

confidentiafity i' it-"ata in the interests of the Bond and its

378

rblics

g be-tony,o the, theers -u'ill

;ages

cho-

ony,hese

duc-mit-Cing

tour

der-be-

the,fterasa

ns.cretionon)the

members, and in your own interests ; reads the full name of the re_cruit and says; Do you then soremnry declare, in alr seriousness andsincerity, before these gathe..J #rr,.rres, that you will revealnothing of what you arelold, or of what yo, i.r.rriJr.,"rUorr ,t.Afrikaner Broederbona r"J lrr -_._U..rl

RECRUIT - replies: yes.CHAIRMAN - Now that you have complied with these con_dirions, the following can b. *";; to you.The Afrikaner Bro-ederbond ir b;; f.om a deep conviction thatthe Afrikaner nation, with its own characteristics and destiny, wasplaced in this country by God th. ihr.._in_One, and that this

A*:" has been callei to remain i,'.*irt..,.. ; i;6;; it pterses

The members of the Afrikaner Broederbond are Afrikaners,

:#:::::leir calting, who strive to live out the best in our nation,

The Afrikaner Broederbond is who,y devoted to the service ofthe Afrikaner nation and does ,ro, .*i., to serve or promote thepersonal interests of its members. Those who join ao ,o io gilr.,not to receive; to serve, nor to be served ".

p.;;;;i, ,a""r"rrg.aOn the basis of our belief in God, and in itis r".;i;";;;ho.,orr,rhe Afrikaner B roederb""d ;;r- ;; lrir. i r, _.;;;;rl; r. r,.orgbond of mutual trust and love of thei, nation; to bind them inlove, despite their differences; a *".r ,.rflessly for the establish_ment of a healthy ^common

p-urpose among all Afrikaners whostrive for the werfare and advancement of alr interests of theAfrikaner nation.Because membership of the Afrikaner Broederbond entailsgreat responsbilitv. it is ne.cessary that you carefully consider whatwill be expected of yo-u. Therefore, I lri rpo,

";;;;;;.*p..i_enced Broeders to inform you about mi, a1 thi, pofiy) n *Uu ,1branch members will, with ,n, ,ia- rfin"ri, torrhrr, read the followingpassages:

FIRST BROEDER -; I:.*^,ll be expected of you that you will liveand work in the firm berief th"t th"'al-ighty God determines thedestiny of nations; and it *iI b;;;;.a"a or you that you willcling to the christian nationar "i.;d;; of the'Afrikaner, as pre_scribed by the word of God ,"a ,i. iirditions of the Afrikanernation.

SECOND BROEDER - It will b.e expected of you that yr6u ,il/il1always remain true to yourself ,ra yori. conscience, b,rt ihrt yo,

;oued,ln\-

rn'ostratits

379

will also respect the right of your fellow Broeders to be different;

that you wili always .emember that we are irrevocably bound to-

gether in our faith in the Afrikaner Broederbond, of one heart' one

outlook, one struggle, but not the same'

FIRST BROEDER - It will be expected of you that you will do

all in your power to establish and promote a common purpose

among all motivated Afrikaners; to strengthen and-develop the

Afrikaner nation; and, in particular, to promote its culture and ex-

tend its role in the national economy'

SECOND BROEDER - It will be expected of you that you will

steadfastly fulfil your duties as a member and that you will faith-

fully attend the monthly branch meetings'

FIRST BROEDER - It will be expected of you that you will strive

for the achievement of the Bond's ideals, not only through co-op-

eration in organised endeavours, but also through individual ac-

tion in yo,r. o*n work circle, family life and sphere of influence'

inspirei and strengthened by your fellow Broeders and guided by

the Bond,s princifles and ideais; and that you will co-operate acti-

vely and faithfully with your fellow Broeders in a spirit of true

common purpose and sincere brotherhood'SECONd gROfprn - It will be expected of you that you will

at all times in your behaviour uphold the honour, value and good

name of the Afrikaner Broederbond'CHAIRMAN - Brotherhood demands of you work and rugged

perseverance.At times it demands conflict and unpleasantness' It not only de-

mands the combating of that which is evil, but more especially

obedience to and the practice of Christian principles'

CHAIRMAN - reads the fult name of the recruit and says: Do you

understand the purpose tirat we have in mind, and the spirit that

the Afrikane, ts.oeierbond embodies? From your heart' do you

subscribe to the basis and objectives of our struggle as presented to

you? Are you now ready tl accept the demands of membership

and to undertake an irrevocable union?

RECRUIT - rePlies: Yes.CHAIRMAN - I ask you then, in the presence of the Broeders

here gathered who harre b.e., called as witnesses if in full aware-

ness of the seriousness of your promise and the responsibility you

are taking upon yoursel{ you solemnly undertake:

1. faithfiilly and sincerely'to serve the Afrikaner nation through

the Afritaner Broederbond in all that it stands for;

380

'ent;

I to-one

ldo)ose

theex-

rvillith-

riveop-ac-

tce.br'

cti-rue

'ouhat'ou

ItoriP

ers

re-ou

gh

,r-ill

rcd

Ied

2. never in your life to reveal to any outsider anything you learnabout the Afrikaner Broederbondand its members, particurarrythe membership of a fellow B.o.J.r, even if your own mem_bership is ended, unless you have received prior permissionfrom the Executive counc, of th. Afrikaner g.o.d'..Lora;3. never to reveal your own membership of the Afrikaner Broe_derbond, without the permission of the Executive counc, ofthe Afrikaner Broederbond;4. never to become a,member o.lTy secret or semi_secret organ_isdtion, or to involve yourself by .o_op.ration with any suchorganisation, without the permission oithe Executive councilof the Afrikaner Broederbtnd;5' to subject yourself to the conditions of the constitution andstanding orders, to fulfil the duties that the Bond Executivemay lay down according to the standing ora..r, ,.ra to'rru,..tyourself readily to the brotherly disliphne ,t r, ,t*" BondExecutive may apply according to the ,r""ai.rg- oli..ri6. unconditionally to-comply if the Executive Council, after con_sideration, thinks fit tolerminate your membership;7' to subject yourself-to immediate expulsion from the Broeders,if you in any way break this underlking.

Before you are asked to reply, you are now given a few momentsto reflect..HAIRMAN - reads the futt name of the recruit and says: what isyour reply?RECRUIT - replies: yes.CHAIRMAN - In the name of the Afrikaner Broederbond, and inthe presence of the other Broed.., -ho ,tand here as witnesses ofthe irrevocable union you have f".g.a, I accept your promise offaith and declare you a Broeder.

In the words of our motto, I wish you strength.Be strong in the practice of your brotherhood.Be strong in faith if the struggle becomes onerous.Be strong in your love of yJu"r nation.Be strong in the service olyour nation.with a hearty handshake I, and after that the other Broeders,want to assure you that we accept you from now on as a fellowBroeder.Hearty congratulations and welcome.

de-rllr

381

The induction ceremony ends as,rhe rights are switched on and the

new member rurns,;t'.;;;;-or,.6v 1". uv his fellow-Broed-

ers. All that remain' ;;;ti; t" p'v tt" 'l-Ltit' fee of R40' and

he will have crossei;;; ;;"thold' i"to the ranks of the Super-

Afrikaners.

, r roup, r r e !,,. )1u th, A!;i;;;

f I #:ffi:'J' ffii'l'J ;:"3i];0"" o h a s w o rk ed

? Since South Africa be

' ;,;;;;;t ror the flag to be revised'

382

!

;-3:

:,

d the'oed-

. andrper-

rked

22 secrecy

"our strength ries in secrecy." This srogan (circurar 3/g/6g) per-meares all Broederbond documenrs. itr. .,r..d

a;;.r.....y i,srressed in everv document ,"d ";

;ll y5.ri,,gr. it J-o,rlrr".,airgsingle characteristic.of the B;;;;;d is, indeed, the tight disci_pline and secrecv i, r,r. u.*lir."Jlnt"... on members since theearly 1920s. There ha.,e been i.Ir:l;, th.y hrr,. l..r r._rrr.ruryl:,:,' :.%o ;.'1,: :fi

*' ; ; ; ; ?;' o'fr -. - u.,, .,, J iil'o,g,.,i,-Broederbond ooerations are more secret than those of the Secu-rity Police, o. .r., tfr. O.frrt_.ri

"f Nrrional Securiryl whoseactivities can someri3*.d;ilil; ln courr, and whose tele_phone numbers '.. rirt.Jir"rh.tdj;;""ry. In the Broederbondeverything is secret; membership, ofn.. bearers, activities. It wasnot started as a secret organisati&. In 1g1g membership was open,bur the young m.r,*ho"ir,r"gr.riJrr roon rearised the power ofsecrecy and chansed the constlt"rio, ..*;;;;l; rh*.,r".L". ,rr.r.The justificrtiJr, *r, th.i, b.li.iiirr rrr. Afrikaner on the Wit_rvatersrand w'as persecuted at tt.t ti-.. They claimed they wouldhave been houndedfroT p,ll:: ; il; for beJonging openty to apro-Afrikaans organisarion. This ,.gr_.rr, fell away after 794gwhen rhe Nationalist: :if. ro po*"i. It would have been absurdto suggest then that Afrikaners *... l,hor.rd.d.,,

Breaking the oath of ,.....y tt ril.-u.rs take on inducrion isthe supreme offence, as far as ;h. Bo,?;

;:,.:'T?i:,:'*y-embers'"d;i;-:"s";T::,'"1'il',T:'J,tigravityo?tn.;dJ;:iH,1r,,il::J..J?J,T..1,,ffiToHi':*ihusband and wife, is strictly f"rUija.r.'A good examole of-the lrU**i""'*ith secrecy emerges fromNewsle*er 3/76777 which r"r"r-.i'*.-0... of the Broeder-bond's move from the ch.il;;;'al w., bu,ding ro rheir newheadquarrers. .,Our o-f..1,

".*,"1i.i,,.* building, Die Eike, 1Cedar Avenue, Auckland f".t,'j"t r""esburg. Our telephone

383

secret Btoedefiond HQ in Auckland Park, Johannesburg'

number is 31-416L (This was change d to 726-4345 on August 6

1g77 when the new automatic exchange at Auckland Park came

into operation.) This must not be disclosed to non-members, and

friends (members) are requested to phone personally and not to

give the number to their secretaries."Although we can be reached through the switchboard of the

FAK (Fedelasie uan Afrikaanse Kuyuurverenigings) avoid do-ing this

because the switchboa.d ope.ator there is not informed of our af-

fairs...our office is on the first floor, listed as Uniediensburo (Edms)

Bpk. visiting friends (members) should take the stairs or lift to the

fiist floor and ask at the office for the official they want to see. In*quiries should definitely not be made on the first floor occupied by

tlhe FAK and Rapportiyers. Although the male personnel of the

FAK are friends (members) the women there are not all married to

members. Indiscreet inquiries, therefore, can create embar-

rassment. Remember also that the second floor is occupied by our

youth organisations, Junior Rapportryers, Jeugraad and ASB

(AfritrrrrJ. Studentebond). The ASB orgrt iser is not a -member'"

The newsletter warned that casual visitors, friends of Broeder-

384

*.

n

bond members or orher people might be in the building ar anynme and members must never ,rrr_" that anyone encountered inrhe building was a Broeder. ai;* monrhs later fluly 1 1976)members were again reminded to inquir. only at ,f,.Io.i.., Roo.;some had made indiscreet inquiri., oi ttr" ground or second floor.To complete these secu.ity ,.rr.rg._..rts the Broederbond em_

:j:l;i*jJ,,r;1..*,n, a retired Lembe. fi",, v;;;;iigr,,g, ,,ments are locked'^'::: 1'::n the top of the uulrair,g'-au aot'-B on d r, ",,.".", :I 3" Ip:T:l TTHI',I #:';:;Sm: l:;members writins ,o li. rr,.r. ;r.i;;i the use of bogus names ofindividuals o. b,irin.sr.r. f;; ;;;;;r", are changed regularly.In circular 4/3/64 the Executl". corr.r said: ..Documlnts

andletters which are not of an extremefco.rfidendar nature we sendb'post' Normarv,.officiars *,ir"ilgn them but the designationChief Secretary *i| u" *.t,,", ".'*il; ;;.;;;::i,";**,ature.Letters from branches or individuar -'.*u.., ro head offrce mustcarry only the membership numb.. of th. sender. Branch secretar-ies have the addresses to be used. The wording on envelopes mustbe carefully checked before ,rr. r.ir..r'rre posted. A safe method

':Hl,::$i:f:Io::.*'""r"i' r""" io the branch ,....,,.y

"where letters, circulars and other documents are of a highlyconfidential nature they wilr u"-i.ii""..d by hand to branches.This is costly and cannor happen _".rify, Url"rifr" "*riil nr"r_terly' In rhis connection w. *ourl-iit" to use friends who aretravelling from here ro other pr.r, oiih. .";";.;,;;rrr.rro, .._turning after visiting the city. ri *orii be appreciared, therefore, iffriends would ,rk tli. of 9e

w.hen ;h;; ;.. in. the city if there is anypost to take with them. Friends ,.. ..qr.rr.a ,o ,o,ify ,-fr"'o"m." i,advance of a visit."Each branch secretary is issued with a letter book recording ad_dresses and postal instructions. The stand.ard for_, ;;;;;;, ,pin such a wav rhat non_m"-b..., g.tirg fr"fa of them would notknow they were Broederbond d"o.u-lnts. Sti, no chances aretaken and the utmost security i, pr.r..ib.d for handling them."Letters and other documents which *ourd;";;", .""i,'"xrirt ir_formation if seen bv non_members must be put in a strong envel_ope and posted to Mr M Kruger, n"""ilro,Johanesburg (circularMay 30 1973)' This instructioi applies to apprication forms (FormA), nominarion forms (Form D), ;;;;rt at induction (Form G),

r6mendto

Ielisif-

ts)

he

n-)vhe

ror-lr

T

r-

38s

application for transfer to Outside or Resting memb-ership (Form

M), application for i"t-i"g a new branch lnottt' J)' exemption

from iitendance (Form B)'^ ^'

; ; C 1 - o,,,t t v' ;.-; .,t :-"-:i 1 ji;*Ti11:.',ffi 'ff :;ceipt of circulars), letters concernlng r(

communicatio.r, -"'i bt '""' to these addresses: Cape branches:

MrJ Botha, go" SO3a, i"f"""ttU"rg; Transvaal branches: Mr F P

Retief, Box 4966, iJl""ttu"1s' ti't'.I and South West Africa

branches: Mr F ''z-it'UUt' S"enior' Box 8576' Johannesburg;

Orange Free State b""tht't Mr A Strydom' Senior' Box 6732'

'tL1iltt"or:;1, pro-i*ory notes'

. contributions and corresp ond-

ence to the Christia'" i" Wo Fund must be sent by registered mail

to Mr M Kruger,..Fl;* nA' Johannesburg' Please note: postal

orders and cheque' i- tttt"t' lontributions must be made out to

Uniespaarklrb ,,,d l";; '; j P9!h'' Box 5634' Johannesburg'

Please inform your treasurer of this'

"Names such as U;*tp;;tkiub' C de Wet Fonds' Chief Secre-

,rry, -rr, not be writteron the envelope' Always use strong en-

velopes of good quality' lJse two' one inside the other' if the con-

tents are heavy, "'J"t" registered mail when the contents warrant

it. Make sure the correct post box number is written on the envel-

ope and that the t""'"Lf"'i' properly sealed' lJse'safe' wording in

vour letters. our';;;;ilay'of 'dd"ttit'g each other (Broer)

L;;;; ,r.a, u"it'it'"t lf i""d'' lJse membership numbers

instead of names. Addresses to be used on envelopes are supplied

to divisional secretaries and treasurers' These addresses must not

be used when *.i;;-;.-;i-oin."- rne addresses in this circular

should be used until?urther notice' The names used do not neces-

;;;y-.;;. to officials handling these matters'"

The Broed"'bt;;";i{itt' ti"t" for Christmas and the New

year. To ,roia ,..r.iiy risk, such. as postboxes spilling over'

members are instructei not to write to tht office during that

period. Sec.eta,its '''a *t""ters who go on leave during Decem-

ber must ,..,"gt fo' tttt safekeeping""f 'tt B-roederbond docu-

ments (uly I rozzi' if''"y mt"t 'l'o til head office where circulars

should be sent i,';h"i;;;tence' to obviate the security risk of un-

claimed letters' Secretaries who move from their areas must give

head office *i,f'"'i Jti'y the alternative address for circulars'

A secretary rn;t kJ; careful control-of alJ.-{ocuments in his

possession. H. -;" tc,"lpittt a standard form (R) at regular inter-

386

)rmrion vals and send it to head office ro ensure that the Bond knowsexactly which documents each branch has- Every effort must bemade to trace missing a".u-"rir.-Cir.rtr., -o.J ,hr;^; year ordmust be burnt. But iot.,r.r,ir. r.-.retary is trusted on his ownrvith this responsib,ity. n.rr.i-.o.i,,,r*.., must nominare some_body to go th.ough ,fr" a".r-."r", *rrf, the secrerary and burn theold ones (circurai 11/76/77). a-ili'.rdocuments it"itrr,. a._stroyed musr be attached ro Form R. ;^t";;""..r, ,rli ,, circu_lars and membership ,"*i"rr-r'iirr, _"*.than a year old, agen_das and minutes of ,r.,nurl m;;;;;;"re than rwo years old, allIe*ers, forms etc, which rrr".'r.?r"d ,'.i;;;;o*J,.rro studydocuments which are*no longer read, can be destroyed. Docu_menrs Iisted on Form R _rr, i'.l.pi. a rcporr on rhis musr reachthc officc bcfore March 15.;-

-- "'t"The documents-to be retained by branches ,isted on Form R arenumbered. Should any of them U.i.rt"a to outsiders, the offend_ing branch can eas,y u. ra""iiiJ ,il', -o." frequent check headof{ice, out of the biue, .r" d;;;; ir.ti.rlr, documents from abranch. Branches *hi.h Jo;;;il;; ro rt

"r. J.-.r,1;;;;.. prr_ished: the monthlv newsrerter is wiihherd. ouri.rrif..,rrr ,1...r".,then comes ,nd.i pressure from mem9.r, . ;;i;J prop_erly. In a number of ."r., fr.rJ'.m..'h* irrrt..r.ted a branch tochange a secrerarv wh.o has .;;;;;.r suspicion or has not safe_guarded documerts dillg.rtif .;.;;;."calling

in copies of do.um"nrt *fri.r, have fallen into the handsof newspapcrmen a1d havc.b.., prUfrrfred, Broeder members ofrhe Department of.Nati.rrf S".rir, ,ra the Security police canlook for identification marks and iientify the branch where theleak occurred. Sometim., h."J;ffi;;rtop, t.rt , by changing theaddressees. Circular 1/3/6g:.;i" ;;;;rous circular ir was men_tioned that circulars would b. ,"rt'to diff.r"rt;;;;;; "f ,"r,::::]::.", and,you were asked ro supply safe addresses for allcomml*ee members. We intend,o r.rri^r(" ap.ri.".rf"r ro rr,r_isional chairmen. y<

ateryirthe;;;;,,Ji;;::'fi 1ll#:iil'.'r'#;ln:Um:i:at home during the fiist *.-:k i;;;rii",", us know an address touse." The Broederbond *ill ,top it rorfrirg ro trace leaks. Thervhole future of the organisario, i, ti"J rp with its secrecy. If thatis broken, it w,r rose-iti .rr..tiu..,"rl' ilr"-.*uers w,l b".*por.dto the harsh light of day. ,_,.f f.r"*;;:ril;;;;,.*::lr. r,the biggest threat to th.i,

"*i",."*.'on"o..rrion they have cared

nd-:ailstalrtorrg.

re-:herhes:

FPricarrgit7)

Te-en-)n-ant'el-

i i.,,er )

ersledrotlare5-

3\v

er.ultTl-u-ltrs

n-ve

ustr-

387

in members who are Department of National Security or Securrty

poii." agents to help stop.leaks' :---r-One trick is to make detberate mistakes in a group of circulars

.;;;i;;; ..rtrir,;;;*h.r. Should these appear in a newsPaper

the numbe, of ""p"tt Lt"thtt i' t""o*J down' From there

thev can eliminate ;"";;;; by calling back documents and

looti.,g for identification marks' In one ciiculat (5174175) memb-

ers are warned 'g'i;';;l;'; 'h- t"'"loft'' the content-t-^":*nttn

can be read witho;;";;'*" i1^t- "iut o""lves wrap docu-

menrs in a blank rt ".r-Jifrp?r if we t"t.' ligh'*eight envelope"'

the circular added'

"Do not assume naively that every' Afrikaner in a leading pos-

ition is a member - ttpttijff if 'f"y

tlti- 'o

have attended the in-

augural meeting' Ct""t Uy pho'-g the office (Circular 9172173)'

"Telephone ''o"i;;;;;i'Jt u" tliited to the absolute minimum'

The caller -,,,t iat"Iify t'irntaf with his membership number and

date orbirth. onlf:ly.;ill;P;;"; number must be used for

;t*"3m::^;;i:ttH' said' "Your attention is drawn to the

fact that Professor Dt*ia at Villiers of Stellenbosch (also known

as Heilige Dawid);";; ' -t-b"'' Ii "ppt"t' he is allPted

'as

one, and h's alteadl tt"" gi"* information about our organls-

ation and the Ruiterwag'" place isMost secret clr "ii ^'JBond"oad

meetines' The meetlng

usually kept a "tttiuntil the last possiblti'ornt"'' The lengths to

*ii.n,r,.v s' i'';;i; iri" " " "a

i' *fi::;X;?: til*: H:

the date of the meeting is not glven' 1

closed i., " pt"'ioi;;?'^if;it7i"'1" falls into the hands of non-

members tt"y *J'tJt'ot kt'o* it was a Broederbond document'

or where ,'a *nt" ihe meeting was to take place'

STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL September 15,7964

To all branch secretaries

"HffiLtof the annuar meeting was given in paragraph t0 of

Circular 5164165"f ;;;; 3 9;4' Yoti"t tequested to inform

your delegar" i'n*"ai'''?ty to "po't between O'+S and 7'00 on the

morning of the fitt;;;l 't"t i the Tuesday at the entrance to

KemPton Park station whiteThere he will -to ' Mr Lombard who will be wearlng a

flower in his buttonhole'

388

rncy

ilarsrPerlereandnb-rich)cu-)e,"

)os-'in-73).

]m.andfor

theI$TI

lasris-

If yoyr delegate arrives late because of unforeseen circum-s tances, he musr phone the Johannesbu rq t.t.pfro.r. .r,rirt., glrr"r,in the extraordinary circurai "rr"". iz. u" -urt ur,. ^lui,, phoneand ask to speak roJan, si"i";;i;-;.;;;j;ffirli,rnd date

ili::. Arrangements will b"e made to take hi- ,o ,i. -..ring

The usual letter of identificadon from his branch must be givento him' The retter must be shown to Mr Lombard when the der-egate is asked for it. It must, ho*.r.., b. h".rd.Jo"..-"rfy whenthe delegate reaches rhe meetinq ;h..,r},rlnor,

will be allowed ,o ,rr1,iJ*ithout a lerter of identifica_

Warn your delegate to be careful where and with whom he dis_cusses his visit' He musr be especialry .rr.ru at the place where hetry,r. {..ftw people ,, possible rn.'rrt krror, "f il;;;.

"

,. *:..r.*ate must pleare U.i"g ;-.ort in case lt g.tr."oia o. ,r".r,

Yours fairhfully,Chief Secrerary.

Delegates to regionar or annuar meetings are strongry discour-aged from staying in hotels, o. "rr"r,

*lrh friends or relatives whoare non-members, because it would increase ,tr. ,..rrlry-rirf.. ffr.office has a list of members p.;r;;i" accommodate Broedersduring meedngs' Broeders ,.. r"fo-".i to discuss trr. *..ti.rg *itr,anyone when thev apply for teave il;;;;;;'r.li";:i; "__

rlies tfiev are going away. The venues of annual meedngs have, onoccasion, been changed to ensur. ,ol.i security.Broeders are encouraged to "f{br lifr; to fe,ow members to re-duce the number

"f .r; pr.kJ;;;;ii. ir,. meeting ptace. Theyare not to park a, their cars in one place, but scatter them aroundthe suburb to avoid.atracing attention (Circular 9/72/73).Meet_ing ptaces are guarded by -".;;;;;-i;;H;;, ii",r!;ir,o ,meeting without a retter of identific"tior, ,ig.r.d by his branchchairman and secretary. The grrr.a, lro patrol the grounds to pre_venr eavesdropping.

Branches with ,ax security measures get a reprimand from headoffice: "lt stilr appears ,r,r, ,tr"r.,rin**fi.i.n, .o.,trol r, -".r,rgr,especially ar meerings of two b.r*h;; ;. more. Recently a non_member walked lnto a meeting while it was in progress, because

elsitohatlis-)n-lnt.

ofrrnthe

to

389

there was no guard at the door' Branches must keep the tightest

control at rhe .rr,.rrl. io , *".tirg. It-is essendal that an identity

document such as ,";;;;;;J,it:f of life or passport be pro-

duced with the usual lette' of identification to gain entry to a

-T#*u;.cudve council recently forbade the employment of

black or coloured ,rrff ,, gatherings, especially at braais' ",Some-

times they ,r".ritr'i'ii;;;di;t'itt oitht meeting place"' a cir-

cular warned.z It ordered m*embers to report breaches of this rule

"so that action can be considered' risk.The size of the meeting may also constitute a securlty

"'W'here more than 350 irembers are expected' the Executive

Council's priot pt'-i't' *"tt be obtaini' The measures taken

ro ensure th" ,r,"tti''g;;;;;nd safety must be reported to the

Executive" (Circular 5 175 17 6)'

Members .'" *'*la ^g'^in*introducing their wives,il "tnt'

members. Th.y "';;;;;'i"gtd- to hold branch meetings ln houses

where the wife, thil;;"; "'iotntt relatives are away for the even-

ing. They ,rr."t "tt" 'ef'eshments themselves and not use serv-

ants and oth.t non-;";;t" for that purpose' t*':t:?'?|u?:"As requested by ' ""-Utt

of branches' we point out once agaln

that the ir,roa"tlo" c,i *t""t to f it"d' (members) at branch

meetings and gatherings is not in accordance with our strict re-

quirements of "t*y '""i-t"""' embarrassment for many friends

t-,ilhT:}, "..

dir.o.rraged from eating together in a public place

after a meeting ";t;;';;t can plac-e o"""ti"ty in jeopardy" (cir-

cular 10/70/71)' B;;;;ies are iold to kttp onlv brisf minutes of

meetings and to "" -"*Utrship numbt" i"'tt'd of names (Cir-

*3*r"rrJillments are regarded as so important that ordiniry

members ,r. ,ro,'rrio*.a,3 t.tp th"-' The chairman's-report of

the 7972annual meeting is one of them, "to be discussed " T^:1:ings from ,irn. tclii-t'btht'*i" it must not leave the possesston

of the secretary' All documt"' '"ktt' from the secretary by

members -"tt Ut't"t*6 recorded to ensure that they are re-

turned in time' The E*ecutive Council urgently requests branches

to see that documents concerning the at"'ual meetings (or any

other confiat"i'i'J*"t"' of our organisation) do not fall into

the wrong hands'"In Circular eiittlzmembers on their way to the annual meet-

390

Ihtesrsnrityr pro-toa

nt ofome-a cir-; rule

risk.utive:aken

o the

rther)USCS

'\'en-ierv-Jt66:rgainancht re-ends

>lace

Cir-:s ofCir-

narvrt ofreet-sion

by) re-ches

anyinto

eet-

mg are warned not to assume that Gllow-traverers are arso del-egares. "Be prepared to give an acceptabt. ,.rrorr-i, ll. yo., "..questioned about.your irip. Although an air trip is very con_venienr' a sudden increase i, ,i-c".tings might read to quesrions.If you can travel in some orr,.. *11, b; rlffi;;;"r:,until 1964 gatherings of cro"f,..borrd m.mb.;r";; hordaywere acceptable to the Executive, but tfr. r..iorrl.rt, i,, the .a.ly1960s changed its attitud.. cir.rrr r)'tgto+,..The Execurive coun_cil has decided that holiday gr;;;;;, must be stopped. This de_cision has been raken on ;#-il;ce of friends (members) a,over rhe counrrv.,lt has been p"iri.J'",r, that these gatherings un_justifi ably jeopardised

";; ;;ft ;;iarity.,,Broeders are, of course' fb.bi;;;;"-embership of other secreror semi-secret organisations. fh.f ,.. also barred from ..inter_

national" organisitions rike tr"; Iiternationar, Rorary, RoundTable andJaycees. The ban a.., "f.".ers, Junioi ft ,oo";;;:" i;::.::::-""' ":'jpplv to Rapportry-

)i'oiiitli."' ^dPPortryers' vryburgers and nrit..*rg 1ti..ulr.Even members' dress has been discussed.as a potentiar securityrisk' Broeders are required to attenJ meetings in dark suits, butsome of rhem pointed out that this might ,r";;.;;;;iori,a. rrr_stance at a farm on a Saturdry ,ft..rro;n. The f*..uiirr. rol._rlyconsidered this and ..rrro.rr..d

"i-r-i. J.rrrral meeting in 7970: ,,Incertain areas in the country where safaria tta*s a I ot of attention. ir members *" X::::fi:T,y, I.rll,;l IThe dignity of the occasion must, hoir.rr"., always be recognised.A safari suit with rong trousers wilr, in certain circumstan-ces, beacceptable. Shorts,, colourful rpo.rr*.r., muld_coloured shirts,etc, are not acceptable."

Broederbond officials employed at head office face,,edifficultyin explaining where th.y *f*,;;;;, jeopardising the secrecyof the organisario.r.,' Fo. ,rri, ..rror;l;, ,.. normally associatedrvith the public, cultural "r* ;i;; Bord, the FAK, r.r,hich hasoffices in the same buildirg.

Dr Piet Koornhofs poJitio, was rhus explained in Circular118/62: "The Executive coun., il;ol.r-rr.. in announcing thatfriend Dr piet r"o*rroe ;;r"*,'o"o,rr, secrerary or ,rr.National party in the-r.rnsrial:;;.;.:" appointed chief ,secreta.y

ot our organisarion. To-the ""triJ. i. *,r be known as Direcrorof Cultural Guidance of the FAK . . .'ifr. A"..utive has been for_nrnate in making an arrangement with the FAK whereby his ap_

391

Dointment is associated with a public position' Although friendstd'#ffi'; il;;;him bv phtni:.e.1"'normal number or that

of the FAK, thev ,t;;tq";;tJd to dilt.y4064 instead' This num-

ber does not appear in the telephone drrectorv'

The doubl. g'"'""t;;- n'oiat'Uond t'lavs with the FAK is

clearly illustrated O; 'tht 1t"ttt. crf *""i''g' in c'irculars that

members must not phone the FAK concerning Bond matters be-

cause some FAK ofhials are not Broeders' T*his strange attitude

towards ,r-, o.g'ni'"'io" -l'ith the Broederbond founded as its

own public ".'ttt"iilt;;;'-;;; housed in the same building' re-

flects their concern *i'h "t"ty' Over-the Years the Broederbond

has actually *"t"ta*t*Lt" 'g'i"'t FAK officials' though they

are ostensibly working for the same "Afrikaner cause'" FAK offi-

cials learning or tt'i' ";ust have bttt' l'to'nded by :l:,3t0 tt

"brotherly love'" S"-t clitfte officials mentioned in warnings be-

cause they *... "oi'*-"i.rbtt' were Mr J G du Plessis' F J Preto-

rius, HS van d";"#;i;,Jraljaard' i Yo"''g' oS Smit' w

McDonald and L Lemmer'All in all ,fr. n'Jtl"'Utt'd o'g"'i"tion is a masterpiece of secre-

tiveness. Th. E*eci'ii"';';"";il and head office are continuously

aware of docume"ir-rr"rJ by branchcs because they must report

them montnfy "fttt"tt"it rn""tit'gs' Branches must also report to

head office every month on who attended the meetings' Not only

does this ,r.",,gth";--iit otg"'isation by virtually compelling

members to attend meetings' it als-o *"t' ' '"tt"ity purpose' The

organisatio" q'iii;-;;;1"';;;p1e losing interest or becoming

"cool" towards the'nond' These people ,'t '1 :b:1ltr,ttt""'risk. Brancr,". "t 'JJ;;

fi"d t";-tht tt"'o' for an individual's

loss of inte.".,. rfl'"1"""t Ut traced to something acceptable such

as illness in the f'-iif "' a problem at work' thehember is taken

to task. rr l" ,t,i i'iit;-':;;;"d' all documents are taken from

him, he i, ..q'itiTo;;#;;t io u-"'t' the oath of secrecv' and

he is expelled' sainst making disclc

There are also strict instructions against making disclo'u'es to

prospective -.*;;;' btfo'" thty hi'"e been accepted' The fact

that a candidate's ;;;" has been circulated does not mean that he

will becom. , *t-Utt' "'a Broeders are warned not to speak to

him about it in any circumstant"'' ft" present Broederbond

chairman, pr.r."t"c;tt;i';' r"' tot'itmned the " reckless-

ness" of nro.at* *io to'gt"'lated him in "mixed"-company

after his .l..tlo"lt' tSl+'tn6ircular 1/1 7174Pro{essor Viljoen de-

392

i-iendsrr rhatnum-

{K is

; thatrs be-rirudeas itsg. re-'bond: theyoffi-

ck ofts be-)reto-

r.w

,ecre-

ruslv3port)rt toonlvllingThe

ningurity'ua1's

suchakeniom, and

:s tofact

rt hekroond,ESS-

ran)

de-

:j;ffi"1T,,"*:.;l:led attitude,,and cals on arr branches to payEven funerals of Broeders or their wiv-es have security implica-tions for the Bond. rn 1964 ici-.*rr. 3/rr/64) the wife of thechairman of a witwarersrand branch died. Members of the branchwanted to sprinkre so, ceremo"r"".iy on her coffin. The initiar re_action from the I

minateurr.r.r-rrfr'TlffrT:,t_"rTt";r'.',0,ff :*,L:Til::ff I;T.-!.,* w^ere quick to point

""iifr. security risk of membersthus idenrifvins.th.mr.irr.s as Broeders. A monrh later, inDecember tgo+i thea"..",i"";r;; against this practice and inthe circular of l/S/69 rfr.y .orra.;; ir for securiry reasons.

",j^"::t,:n. biSS..rlsecuriry problems the Broederbond has fa.edsrnce lrs membership increased dramaticary in the 1g60s con-cerned the venue

,foi annual g;";;;i'meetings and those of theBondsraad. As each. branch ir-."riri.a to send a delegate, theywould total more than 700. Th;-;ii;;-a is described in an ex-traordinary circular ofJune tz tgii.-"as you know, the annualmeeting of 1972 decidei on , _..rinnbranchJs .o,,rJ il 1*J #'*id",'.]"8,'1i,J:::J,1JT:Execudve Council is elected. W. ,f.?ray have 711 branches in_creasing by at least 25 annuary. Til i;piies that *. .ouiJ'.*p..,more than 700 delegat.s at the next annual meeting."In the past few years we have been abre to meet in suitabrebarns on selected f"imr. o"-tr,J;;i;;..rrion we have deviatedfrom this since I 963 _in

l?lq_.y:;*'p.ri.n."a many problems. Itwas then found that a publi.lrrtt ,t or'ta ,rot b. used for an annualmeeting because it is not as secure as a farm. (The press discoveredthe venue') The Executive does .roi tro* of a member,s farmrvhere more than 700 people;;;ij;;. fihe place where we mer,: ,Zr? is no longer avaiiabte.) Th.;;;r. other places at our dis_posal, but they cannot accomodate enough people."Furthermore, ir musr t. ...ognir;; ,#, .lt,.l'*. have a majorannual meeting our member, .rrirro, b. confident of anonymity inhotels' For secrecv's sake dd;;;";;st sray with members, ashas happened in the past few yIr.r. ffri, _.rr* thar annual meer_::g_.-.i"

take place only in ,ir. p..i..lr_Wirwatersrand_Vereen_rglng area, or in Cape Town and the surrounding area, where,h:..::.. enough members ," p.""ij" ,ccomodarion."After careful consideratiorr'oirtt *lr" _r,r.rr, the ExecutiveCouncil has reached ,t. .orltrri;; ;;, we musr establish our

393

own meeting place. We have started, therefore' to acquire a venue

in the Pretoiia--Witwat ersrand-V ereeni ging area''When neces sary'

and if a suitable venue becomes available in the cape Town area,

the Executive will consider it'"The Executive is aware that in time the venue or venues may

become known as our property and has decided' therefore' that

,h.y *rrr, be used irten,it"ly by such organisations as the Voor-

,r"kk"rr, church youth organisations, ASB' Junior Rapportryers'

Nasionale Jergroai, FAK ;d Volkspelebeweging' for youth meet-

ings, youth leader courses etc' When a venue is used intensively

for other purposes, our own meetings will draw less attention and

ir will be providing a service to the community'

"The necessary security arrangements will be made' Apart from

a barn or hall seating t boo to"z 000 people, additional facilities

*.rrt b. supplied ,r.t ", accomodation for about 60 people' a kit-

chen, toileis, tables and chairs, a caretaker's house and camping

area. A committee including an architect and a consulting engineer

irs ,l.eady been formed to advise the Executive' We expect to

provide a meeting pt".. *t'ith will..do our organisation proud

ii,hor, wasting money on luxuries'"The chairman concludes by saying that the project o-r proJects

will be financed by the Chrisiiaan doWet Fund' and makes an ap-

p.^i fo. contributions. The Broederbond meeting place near Har-

tebeespoort Dam was completed in about two years' almost

.r..,fy as planned. Full details are given in a special circular.which

rrft ,t. farm will be managed by theJeugraad of the FAK'

"The Hartbees-Jeugter'"i"' of 'to't i00 hectares is west of Har-

tebeespoort p.- A 7 narural, wooded area' It is 2km from the

Skeerpoort Post C)ffice next to the tarred road to Brits' and about

75km from Johanrr..U.,tg Railway Station on the exit route from

Hans Strijdo- Orlr" th'"ough Randburg' From Church. Sqrrare in

Pretoria it is 50km if you [kt Ch"tth Street West exit' Do not

turn off bcfore you reach the T-junction 't Skeetpoort' The oi"tt-

irg pfr." is half a kilometre froh the T-junction on the right';'ipr., from a big hall and kitchen there are two ablution

blocks, one with ,.pirr,. bath and showers for men and women'

There are three ftri, ho,'i'g 15 people each and three huts which

could take six people ."hl lthiteiore 63 men and 63 women:

total126.) There is also a two-roomed leader's hut with its own

bathroom and three beds in each room' There is kitchen equip-

ment the use of which must be arranged in advance' Address in-

394

venueSSar)-,

r area,

; may'. thaty'oor-

n-ers,Treet-;ivelvn and

fromLliries

r kit-:pingtneerct toroud

jectsr ap-Jar-nosthich

{ar-rhe

rout'om

einnot3et-

qulnes to the Camp Manaser.Johannesbu,g')ooo,",.B;;"iliT;,Bir,:lJ,?"1!,,,0n1r,1_30s4)

In a later circular (3/t/%i ;;r);i, giu., thai Broeder H s Hat_ringh, rhe manage^r/.rr.trk.. oiil.,g.=., has a new rr_U., du._il: ;fl':}J:,T; 3i.';;:^ ii,i,:';, ii ; ;il;i, J.' l'. - 0 ". ..The circula. ,,"yr. tfr. g"t.r;i the.Broederbond meeting placervill be kept locked, r, lj-;; ,r, ,nT o.io. ,..r.,g.menrs toenrer should be made *itf, ,i" _r.rr*".. The farm i, ,8, availablefor "ordinary horidays;;;;;;.1, .tt".,di.,g meetings rhere areff::[:.i,::i,,: _.,t" ,"",r.-r"-.,i. btacks emptoyed t-o clean rhe

ible for .r.rningtllih:norninE' occupants of the r,rrt r.. respons-

Broeders are"prace,b;;;;i,:rTjHil j.JTJ,:,.;,,T::L:.,,.",,1:,ffi.H5

" f i ffi ; :::J' N Jt'f; *: *m;;; ;: ;., -i: 1:: vin g,h e

: rH,ff :1'*f ff "'.T:TiJ$+ips

th e m aj o r is s u e cri ti ci s edh as

. been r;;;k;;, r" I ;5...+ ;' ili::fl,:J;:: lH;?::,;l i::fended its "confidrnriarr'ty';"i, I i.rrr,crn Transv arr lirderduirc,c ereformcerde synod, in a1.it i r*.,Ii*,._ norrj t. _._ffi ip, n aactivities a.. ,egardea

"r' .."Ai".rri"t. t, documents ,rrJ ,rrr._il;::r:'

the Bond on this ttt* ,rr. .onfidentiarity is justified as

*;fl IT,'*' ::1 r,, :": il; xff : :.:::t i,r * a n d o,h er o rs a n _

S ec re c y i s e m b ra ce d r., p.r.j,i ., i;: ::? i : ot ::'ff *,,T::,X,,lriprinciple - it is not ln,.inr'i.rtti;*i.. ;fi.tt piace, tt,. r*i.tio, of rhe Stare ro ;::1 :l bad. (b) It is, in the

:::I:g by any organisatio, r.rarr.'r;;T^"_:,tt'"n if the secrecy ob-

fi :I :rj' : ; t'

r :: fl :''l:jl: i'h;' 'Jil :T :i :# ffi :-"L: * ::U.rn.f.,.r r,

..,";r1::, ",

n es a re reported ro. represen ;; ;;; i.o_, ll

", r u I .."., ili ; + I:Ti,.;: :i.j X

uff i,f f*l* :,:,1, :l;trusrs cerrain members,..*ho ;;;i;;lional leaders, ro a* as re_sponsible Christians. (d) althou*f, irAriarals may admit mem_bership when a situation ,ur"rrilii i"lrrr9l it _ when rhey havepernrission from the e"..urliJ_ ,i.li'i.*r,,p is regarded ,, .or_ttdential because ""ry. p..rl",

,*,';. strengrh of chara*er,leadership and fairh, ,"; ;i;;;. p;;*.d ro make sacrifices with_

ionreD.

ichen:ttrlip-in-

395

out expecting financial or other gain, are invited to join the Bond'

This being ,Ir. .rr., the release of the names of members could

provoke resentment among other Afrikaners who are not

members."The Broederbond rationalises, of course, that it must be secret

to be able to serve Afrikanerdom: "A stigma attaches to members

whose identities are revealed. This makes it impossible for them to

function properly" (Circular 3 I9 I68)'

ThefactthateveryactionoftheBondiscloakedinsecrecyen-ables it to scheme trf.ty behind closed doors without fearing that

non-members will discover how it influences policy and pushes its

members into influential positions. The obsessive secrecy is illus-

trated by the instruction ihat Bond affairs must not be discussed

between husband and wife or father and son - even if the son be-

longs to the Ruiterwag, the junior Broederbond' The organis-

atio-ns have the rr-e fuidamental aims, but where a father belongs

to the Broederbond and his son to the Ruiterwag they must not

air..rSS this.3 ,.open discussion of the two organisations' activities

(between father and son) is strongly condemned and must not be

,llo*.d in any circumstances. It is a violation of confidentiality

which the Executive council will view in a serious light."

This kind of discipline has helped to make the Broederbond the

-;;";;rful underground organisation in the Western world'

Members in powerfuipositions can deal with its enemies anony-

mously in ,core, of *ryr. Their secrecy is, indeed' their strength'

1

2.

J.

Formcrly the Bureau For State Security'

Circular of May 31976.August 1. 1977.

396

lond.:ould

not

ecrettbersmto

; en-that

:s itsllus-ssed

r be-rnis-)ngsnot

iries,t berlitv

the,rld.,n)--

irh.

)Z 2iscipline and Watchdog4J Committees

Major factors in the effectiveness and success of the Broederbondare the stri* disciprine and ..d. ;i.;duct imposed on its memb-ers. The Execudve Council ""...ir.r'lr, ,rrto.i,f ;;.;. bossyefficiency of a school p.ln.ipri ,rr],lfr.orgl, its terrier_like ..headprefect" the chief secrerrt ilil th.-..sr;;;;;;n,^.rnningsmoothly. The monthly circular t"',r..r.are full of goadings andproddings to keep this'discipli". ,, i.rt performance. This is arypical example:

"The Execufive council is determined to do a, in irs power rosharpen up the internar arr.rprirr.'of or. o.grnisation and hastherefore decided. to irrt.oai..^'trr". following arrangements,among others. When branches ao "o, respond to requests andpapers (skrywes), rhe. circular t",r.. ,na .-rh;;;_Jlr.,.r, o"rvithheld, the exoansion of _.;il;;;p rrrp.ndJ[f-.r...rrirgthe annual quota. of.nc* -.;;;;;rni'a.r.r.ing nominations, andrn certain cases the branch .hri.mrr, ",aZo.

r".?.t*;;;;,;: rrrr_moned to meet the Ex_ecutiu. Corrr.itl, .o__irr.e for branch andffiTrfTffi,,,atters.

r, .*..ptiorri;;., it .r, .,,., b. j..ia.a r""It happens, unfortunately, that branches sometimes neglect torespond ro inquiries from t'h. r".."ri". counc,, with a conse-quent hold-up in the handring ;;;;;"rrions and other ma*ers.The Executive Councrl *orft -rppr;:;;,.

it if branch executives

ffi:i:pay particular attenrio" ro'r't i,;-icircutar 5/76/77ofJuty

1

A constant source of displeasure to the Executive council is thetardy payment of financiai ;;;:;;;;ranches ,r. fb.;;"; beingrapped for not beinq up to date. Th. maintenance oi;;;;;...".y11d

the proper gu'".di"rrhlf "i ri.'..*r'sation,s confidentialdocumenrs are also regularlj ._pirr*i,,, ,i. _.rriir,rfrr..r.Regular attendance at meetings i, ,roth.. matter of constant con_cern to the Executive Counlil. E".; ii there are good reasons,branch execudves ,.. i".r.r.i.;;;':;;;roach friends whose ar_

397

tendance has been below 60 per cent and to see what arrangements

can be made to improve their attendance" (Circular 4173-174 of

i^i zg 1973). These are the bread-and-butter rules and regu-

tr,io.r, of the organisation' Persistent contravention can eventually

result in the offender's expulsion' i .lOther reasons for this drastic step are detailed in the monthy cir-

cular 6176177 of August 3 1'976'

"It is not .o.,orr?ry to t"""'l the. reasons for termination of

membership but in response to lnqurrles the Executive Council

discloses the following it""t't ""o"' They should not be linked

to specific cases, and it.-.ho'ld be remembered that some Broeders

had their -.*b"rrhif itt*i""'"d at their own request in view of

the reasons stated.

1. Divorce in circumstances inconsistent with continued member-

ship' rL.- Lrprctior. Nasior g that

2. Reiusal to quit the Herstigte Nasionale Party' or Jornrn

party.3.

^Conviction on a serious criminal charge'

4. Laziness, failure to carry out instructions and Poor co-

operation.5. Loss of interest.6. Alcohol abuse.

7. Regular participation in Sunday sport'

8. Tri'nsfer from a sister church to a sect'"

Fro- , study of Broederbond documents it appears that the most

common reason for termination of membetihip is divorce' The

stern Calvinistic ethic of the organisation regards divorce as a

breach of a sacred ,r.,io' "'d gtrrJt'ly an uncompromising stand

is taken against ir, ;i;-h;;il-'!t"t'tly ihtt" 'ppt'r to be signs of a

slight sofiening in this attitude'There are firm instructions to branches on handling a divorce'

,,Branches ,rd fii;;r are reminded that every instance in which a

member i, irrrrol,r.J l, , ai,rot.e must be reported to the Executive

Council by the b.;;;i;;tcutive' The branch executive must also

do everything in i;;.;"t to stand by the frieng Lt^l:,difficult

circumstances to an extent consistent with our members way'

"The friend must confidentially inform the branch executive

about the matter, and cease attending meetings until it has been re-

ported to the E"ecuti'e Council and a decision on the matter has

L".r, ,"r.h.d. If he does not do this voluntarily, the branch execu-

tive must ask him not to attend meetings'

398

entslof:gu-all)-

cir-

rofncilkedlers;of

ler-

hat

co-

3e.

lavesorlt

!'ee-as

[-

osthe;andfa

"The branch execudve must, as far as possible, obtain fun de-rails of the circumstances-leading op io th. event and present rhemto the Execurive Council. Wi;i: ili*..rri.,. Corr.il *irh., ,opoint out once aqain ttrrt airrol.. i, -..grra"a

i, , ,..io* Ilght, th.branch executirr! is free ," ....__.rd thrt a Broeder involved*fjl;::in his memu.rrhip-rn J,p".ir, ..r.or,, roil,,.r, ...o__

"After considering the circumstances leading to the divorce, thefriend invorved m-uit also "rt rri-r.rr whether his circumstancesare consistent with conrinued membership

"i;;; orgl,lr.riorr,,(Circular ll/6/77 of Februarv Z t-s;itwhenever membership, ,.. ,..-jilrr.d, whatever the reason,

,I:# ffir:?H*?* n...a..I',le ci rcura ted in the m onthr y

TERMINATION OF MEMBERSHIP.The following people are no torg.r.members of our organis-

,"11:f ,i:l rroederbon d ma tters ,, r],- tr,...fo.. ; ;; iJ'ai.,,rr.a

A P Meiring, furniture manufactur er/farmer, Hendrina, 3404.C_ R Serfontein, farmer,(circurar lnihg-"rseprember 1 1977.) Edenville, 6021

considering the orginisation has abour 12 ooo members, thenumber of rerminarl:.:], ."rpr.rii".ly ,mrlt. In 1976/77 therervere 34 (Circutar 3/.77 /78 of May itqii. h" tgiotit,i*r.. *r,10 and 28 Broeders reft in tgl:t))z6..r.trria reporr of the Execu_nve Council).The Broederbond's code of conduct demands ofits members anexacting degree of diligence, d.di.;;l;;and sacrifice. They are ex_

5[::1'nJ::1, Ij::::rIv dav

'; j;j;"b' ;" ;j;#J, "or ,n.

m e m b er i,,.,u, r if l''#ffiTl ?: :t .r:u; jli:,*l; :;i *i*{i:" (.rg this piiority is mentiorr.J'a.'Uerately, because formany nation-savers their actual work is a. side issue) i;;;r..ymember's task not only to d.ri".; fi". achievemenr,ir-rrl'arlyrvork, his profession, his *"rt liJ.,'Ui, ,fro to ,tri.r.-in ii, aailyrasks not onry to promote himself bur arso the Afrikaner cause,and to honour and enrich ,rr. anitr".. nation. we save and serveour nation, in the first instan.., ,roi-rn.r 5pm but through thequality and intensity and ,ppti.riior,;i;", service and work acti_vities during working houir.

399

.,But over and above that, it is expected that the work-unit that

ev ery memg tt ttp "' J#' *iri "rt

o' s'" t t tt.;:t ;:JJr?ili:T\:it:

l{:Y*lT: ;;::L ffiiir:'iiJilf'::;;;', and g' and

sit on the sideline' *d t'ititally appraist P1;'y' :n"tl-l:frt and

culturar activities; n. *"ril"ii.ifurty ,rlJ ,l 'nt utmost 9f h11

ability contribute t; ;;; iit'l' !!I:"gh outside organlsatrons

iii'.h- z t73174 of october 1 te73)'

This strong '""""oi'iiJpii" "ta motivation' instilled into

every member of 'f't o'g"'i"t'^o' , and' bv their influence' lnto

Afrikanerdom as a ;;;i:- it ' ft"'dtmt"'l f"tot in the Brocder-

;;J;; remarkable record of success'

One of the Broederbond's most lowerful instruments for the

oursuit of its ideals "'t*'"""-

ol*"lhiog to*-ittcls'11hich

tp",,,. quietlv, 'ff i*li;l"i^i' "'a ';:fi,l*l',*#Tl;**i.::;:[:: H :il ;:mi;q: #' "

n "r' "

i i' p I e m en'l a-

tion of Broeder r'ittt''i";;;;;-B'"td*l;tt effective' control of

kev areas, .t "'r. tr'li'li';;F; tr"i' ilii* properlv' and ad-

^riJ. CrUi".t Ministers on policy -"'"1i*"", "task forces", and

,,j*":::;5Tt1.:'lT"'3f i'rt;;; u'""oer secrets A rurr

list of the members of the various to-rni"ittt was circulated only

once to branches' t'"i;;' a-tntinuity of service is of the utmost

importance, '" T;;;'*t*ut" t'"'" it* serving on them for

years and know ;"tl il;;t i"'la;'.3^"t.5.X'::Ti?.:::ii:;

i'**,:'ff t i "l1il* :*g::;:*',-*[:::*;;',*:::,15il j**:1;::::fi;*dld::'::"'::i""f de-

orrti't..,t' 'na t1'" 't'ffs

of pioui"ti"i administrations' control

torrd, ,r,d p"uul'b#t:i 't"i" n9'lilmances in the implemtnta-

tion of policy are carefully scrutiniseJ'Lf tftt watchdogs of the

;;nf t;* : ;'."1H::,T ""-, ori c v c an u "p "'-'-i1 "l T::

instantlv,"'"ot''i"ti'i""'1i11.;:iX';:[iffi $t,;;:::'#instantly, enabltng trr€ 'Dxcuuu^ Individuals who become

;il;;i;s on the"appropriale'"th:'1:v.hrsiastic members. ln this

;f;.d. can be ieplaced by more entr ; thac

wav the watchdog t5;;u;:t-play.a powerful role in seerng

the Broederbond '"n"""i"'i" iouit' arJt' it administered with

400

rit thatsationsal life.go and>rt andof his

rtions"

d intoe, intooeder-

br therr'hichratch-;. Thenenta-rrol ofrd ad-

', andA fullI onlyrmostm fornmit-;e rheknorv10 areofde-)ntrollenta->f the

Imostrcrioncomen this

I thatrvith

meticulous rftrt', The watchdog committees comprise the inter-Iectual cream of the n.o.d..bor-d,"l.ra tn.i. *o.t .ir-Arrrr..d

bythe central Broederbond fr;l. il.i. .rp".,r.s of about R12 000include trips, meedngs and ,..._-.aation.These committees ,rro ,.t as ti-i-nk-tanks for the Broederbond.They deliberare on policies ,ra .r.rJy every facet before makingrecommendadons to the Execudve council. once accepted there,the recommendadons *,r "i;;:; cJrtainry become Governmentpolicy' According ro circular 2/s/i; rhe masrer pran for whitesrvas drawn up by one of these committees. Another committeewas busy studving ways and means ofir...rrir;il;f#venessof rhe civil servil",

_1h. p"fitilri-frirr. of ,n.iotor..J people,blacks and Indians' yet other. *.r. ,r"aying aspects of univer-siries for blacks. Afrikaans ""i"...i!lo, ir.rri"r"l-^_rrr..r,foreign relarions, ,"..:1ty, youth ,ff i.r, political ,.resistance

lirerature", and sporr (ltZilSi.The list circurated- in rg6i indicates the caribre of those whoserve on the watchdog commirr..r.-ffr.y ;-;ll ir"#r.r, i,their fields and, accordi-rg ,o ,tr. nrLa.rbond, represenr ..rhe

besrbrainpower in South af.i.r, ti;i;;. whole world.,, The com_mittees are never disbandJ ;;;'r"h"rffl.a. crrr"g.r.o#. orrly;.H

people die, retire {i"- ;";li."tif. o, enter entirely newThe list is pubrished in fu, berow, giving the positions rhemembers then held.

Vatchdog committee for non_White affairsProfessor J P van S Bruwer, former commissioner-General inlouth west Africa, was the chairman until his death. profbssorBruwer was also the convener of the Bantu Group.Mr M C Botha, at rhe ,i-. , O.f,uty Minister, was also arvatchdog in the Bantu grolpj He quit when he became Ministerof B antu A dminis tratiorr"rrrdo.".ffi .r, and Banru Edu cation.Others who have served include ,fi.l"r. Dr W.W Eiselen, whorvas commissioner-Generar and {b;;; Secrerary of Bantu Ad-ministration.

J P Dodds - a former senior officiar of the Department of BantuAdministrarion.Professor E F potgieter _ then rector of Turfloop.

n,ji. "." Onselen I ...rio, official of the Bantu Affairs Depart_

401

Dr H J van Zyl - former Secretary of Bantu Education'

Ds C W H Boshoff - son-in-law of Dr Verwoerd and a Profes-

sor of Theology.- Dr P G J K"oornhof - former Broederbond secretary and now

Minister of SPort and Recreation'ProfGvanNViljoen,RectoroftheRandAfrikaanslJniversity

and Broederbond chairman.M T de Waal.F S Steyn, former MP, later an ambassador' today a judge' He is

no longer a member of the task force'

J H i tttlilr, former Secretary of the-Transkei Civil Service''S f Kingsley, former Director of Bantu Affairs' Pretoria

municipality. . r .

O. n -l Riekert, The Prime Minister's former economic advrser'

ProfPFDWeiss,formerDirectorofAfricalnstitute'wholaterjoined the HNP. He, of course' is out'-"Associate members:J H van Dyk, Dept of Bantu Administration and

Development; Prof H du'Plessii; Prof P J Cge1ze--(formerlr'

Anthropology Department dean and a member of the HNP), WJ

Grobelaar; P W noiha (at the time Deputy Minister-of Coloured

AffairsandnowMinisterofDefenceandnowPrimeMinister);JLBoshoff, (former Rector of Turfloop); Dr A A Odendaal; Dr F C

Albertyn.

Coloured grouP

Conuener: F D Conradie, former MEC for the Cape and a member

of the Broederbond Executive, now MP'

Mr Kobus Louw, former Secretary for Coloured Affairs' and

vice-chairman, SA RugbY Board'

A C van WYk.

Indian group

Conuener;ProfsPOlivier,Rector,IndianUniversityCollege'Rev RJJ van Vuuren.

Technical and natural science tnatters

Chairman: Dr EJ Marais, Rector

Dr HO Monnig, member

Council.

402

of UniversitY of Port Elizabeth'

of Prime Minister's Scientific

rofes-

I nou-

ersin-

He is

le.:toria

-iser.

later

t andrerlvw_l

uredi:J LFC

rber

P. 1J A Roux, head of Atomic Board.Dr S M Naude, Sciendfi; iliL; ro rhe prime Minister.. Professor LJ Ie Roux-Tssociate members: D: C M Kruger, former manager, Iscor; Dr B CJansen, head of ondcrstepo";:;;'; W Lategan, Dr SJ du Toit,Dr O R van Eeden, prof br p W Cro.rrewoud, prof H L d. Waal(former chairman

-"j SA aUa._L U, W"t.rrtrp .n-fir.rr;, O.D M de Waal, prof p s z.e.r.i, iir"rn T.;;;;,;;".fj ili. Roux,Dr L A prinsloo, prof c A ;; i;;; prof A p rurhi, DrJ M dewet' Dr SJ du pressis, p."f pl i? vor, D.c c [;irlirrg.r r.,aG H Loubser (General M"rr.gJ.-oiia nrit*ry9.

Youth affairs

Chairman: Ds J S Gericke, former Moderaror of the NG Kerk.*.|;

a L van den Berg, y";;i _i"rirr.. for Ned Hervormde

p.3f: i ?t}.r?:"enase' professor at Potchefs rroom Universiry.

Dr M Swart, former head of Rapportryers.J F p Badenhorsr, t,.ra oiVo;.;i."kl.. youth movemenr.Y_SJ Gr:Uter, rhen FAK ,;;;.^.-ri'ao._.r Mp.HJ Moolman.O de P Kuun fsecretary), then a senior Broederbond oflicial.P.J 9 Otto, fo.mer Mp and headmasrer.

o.lflJ.Bo.lj:-,", h..J ;i6i;;;,:, committee and senior

or?r',fr,1,I::urnicht' former Broederbond chief and now a De-

Pt lE Potgierer, then NG Kerk studenr minisrer.Dr DJ Coerzee.

Agricultural

chairman: s p Botha, Minister of v/ater Affairs and of Forestry.AJ du Toit. G r l1u!9rt, lE;.'V;;ubser, W A A Hepburn,:##:-,:ooven'

ri r u""i',', il; an- Mp .rd o.puty rrairir,.,P S Toerien, C C Claassens.

P.ll\:.thting, senior official of DerDr R D H.;;iil, ..nio. ;ffi r ;"dX;:TH[T.?:**Ii:.

and

rh.ific

oo:

Associate Membets:J M C Smit' Dr B CJansen' Dr C M van Wyk'

SJ Brandt, DrJ G """ a1t *'ih' Dt la H de Villiers' S Reineke' D

Grewar, N J Deacon, ^^*

i"U9t' A* P R de Villiers' L C R

Btirhmann, S p f'f i"", n l' MTt:' G Radloff' W v d Merwe'

Prof S A Hulme, Ji;li;-an' CDC Human' SJJ van Rens-

burg, P J Kruger'

Africa

Chairman: Prof P F D Weiss'

W C du Plessis, ' fot-tt Administrator of South West Africa'

DrTEWSchumann'Prof Dr A J H van der Walt'

Prof J H Ctetzee, t)niversity of Potchefstroom'

e1 iltlie, former editor' Die Burger'

B J van d.. Walt, ittt" Up and flrmer Administrator of South

West Africa.Dr C P C de Wet, D B R Badenhorst' M A du Plessis'

Planning

Chairman: Dr P S Rautenbach - who today is head of the Public

Service Commission'Dr H O Miinnig'Dr EJ Marais'Dr P J Riekert'

if W'Hrrft, then Minister of Economic Affairs'

Dr P M noUU"ti", head of Council of Social Sciences'

Prof S Pauw, former Rector of lJnisa'

Prof LJ le RouxProf S A HulmeP ZJ vmVuuren, then an MEC' now MP

\ly' W S Havem'n, Administrator of Natal' r

Dr F J PotgieterM A du Plessis

J J MaraisPJ V E PretoriusDr H SteYn

A J du ToitJ H Niemand, former Secretary of Community DeveloPment

Department.

404

r W,vk,reke. DtCR

rlerrve,Rens-

\frica.

South

)ublic

neTlr

Press matters

P A lTeber, former managing director Nasionale pers.

,,,:]f:l'|;ff;,* editoi 6i' n"'g,,, now proressor orJourna-

lj V Jooste, managing director, perskor.H_ P Marnitz, former .ditor, Die Vaderland.

{lr: Rooyen, former editoi Die Transualer.C-D Fuchs, formerly SABC.J H Steyl, Transvaai secretary, National party.Steve de Villiers, SABC.

Associate members:_HH^Dreyer (Nasionale pers); DJ van Zyl(Nasionale Pers); Tl+-ce.rd;;;. i{b;-"r Minister of the Interiorand Administrator of Natal, ,i;;;:-rrp.nded from nr..i.rU.ral.Economic

,h::yn, ,r A J Visser _ former Senator.J_F W Haak, then Cabinet MinisterDr M S Louw.Prof C G 17 Schumann.Prof W J Prerorius.

9 U"l van Aswegen.CJ F Human.H de G Laurie.Dr P E Rousseau-_ former head of South Africa Foundation.Dr J G van der Merwe.Dr F p

Jacobz.Dr M D Marais.J A Hurter _ head of Volkskas.T F Muller.W Pauw.P K Hoogendyk.DvdMBenade.R P Botha.

Associate members: r: T-W f.J9.rgfr, Governor, Reserve Bank; DrA D Wassenaar, S I Naude,'t.-Fi ii-srry_"n, pJ F Scholtz,PJ C van Zyl, GI ; Visser, GD \i/;;ets, J N Swanepoel, D MHoogenhout, F I Marair:D..E I- C-".l'aJ Marais,J p van Heer_den, L G van To-nd... E Cuyler, , i;;;; Scnaror, GJ van Zyl,p GCarsrens, J J Venrer, J_G- H L";C.;r, n p vr-lir,

.iri,il

" -fSamuels, former head Jf ,fr. a.r"'ri"rrs Boa.d.

40s

Education

Chairman: Prof HJJ Bingle, former Rector of Potchefstroom

University.Prof S Pauw, former Rector, Unisa.Dr GJ Jordaan, then chairman, National Education Advisory

Council.Dr P M Robbertse, head of Council for Social Research'

A J Koen, then Director of Education in Transvaal'

l fi Starrder, rhen Director of Education in Natal and an Execu-

tive Council member.S Theron.E E van Kerken, then Director of Education, Free State'

A G S Meiring, then Director of Education, Cape'

M C Erasmus, then Secretary for Education'

Ds P M Smith, senior leader of Hervormde Kerk'

Associate members: Dr w K H du Plessis; Prof GJJ Smit; AJ van

Rooyen; Dr P A Conradie; S C M Naude'

Religious deferabilitY

Chairman:DsPMSmith.Ds J du P Malan, NGK Minister'Prof BJ Engelbrecht, NHK.Prof S i' "r" der Walt, Gereformeerde Kerk'

Prof T N Hanekom, Stellenbosch University'Ds S J Gericke, NGK Moderator - member of the Executive

Council.Prof FJ M Potgieter, Stellenbosch university'DsDpNng.,,k.s,NGk_memberoftheExecutiveCouncil.Prof S du Toit - Gereformeerde KerkProf E P Groenewald, Pretoria'Dr A P Treurnicht.Prof H du Plessis.

Prof F J ven ZYI- Hervormde Kerk'Prof P S DreYer - Hervormde Kerk'

Africa and world committee

Chairman: Dr PJ Meyer.Dr P E Rousseau.S P Botha.

406

cry

J A Marais, former Mp.J A Hurter.M A du plessis.

Gen H van den Bergh, former security chief and head of BOSS(then Colonel).Dr P Koornhof.Dr EJ Marais.

Relations with EnglishChairman: prof S pauw.

Dr PJ Meyer.Prof HJ Bingle.F D Conradie.S A Hofmeyr.

o.""ol.?l't rroskie - headed committee dealing with the 'Jewish

Sport committee

This commirtee was rreaded for a long time by prof A N perzer.Others on it were Mr Johan Clrrrr.ri, former Springbok rugbycaptain, Mr Kobus Louw and Mr RJ Opperman.

The Immigration Committee *r, ti.rd.d by Dr piet Koornhof.A task force to combar .o--""1r_,libe.alirm and orher ene_mies such as Freemasonry was headed by prof F J van Zyl.l

1 Reporr which was reproduced in the Sunday Times.

il.

407

24 gtr ;';!f,-,::;"Y: {: ;' i ff!, *,

As in all other aspects of its organisation' the Broederbond has a

model procedure for contact between members' This contact is

deliberate, planned '"a t"t"i"ed'. and enhances the Bond's tre-

mendous influence- It ensures maximum influence on policy mat-

,-* i.."rrr. members know exactly whom to approach on any as-

pect of locat, p.o,it"i'i-o' t"tt poiity' It also enables Broeders to

identify each other when they come to make annointl;3:t-:" kt'

fo.,., when contracts are awarded or business proposltrons crop

"oin. branch operates as a small unit' meeting a!- least once a

month. Discipline i' t"ilt and members are compelled to attend'

There they form fti""tiipt'- and they protect each other's

interests in business' Branch'delegates 'ti"t'd the annual meeting

putting them in ,";;;i; t""iy 1000 Broeders from all over

the country. Regional meetings ensure that Broeders in each area

;;.;-;;g;iray "r.,a'g't io t'io* each other well' Broeders are

linked too by tfr.,,'oiit'ty newsletter reporting on candidates pro-

;;;;d, -iir.[uar.a

o'- "J"pt'd' At af times a Broeder knows

lio,rr'rr"* members entering the organisation'

Among ,fr. -o,i tffttti"t"*'y' the Broederbond has devised to

prri ,r.-i.r. i, to"th with each :-tl^:: "t

the compulsory meet-

ings for groups with a common interest or career' For example'

Broeders who are teachers in pretoria are required to meet at ldast

twice a year. The ,,-t gtt' for doctors' la*yers' policemen and

every other intere,t gtoJp' It.is at meetings "t:Tlllthat ttc-

dcs, programmes of i'ttio", take-over of "

key position and similar

;;;jJ.;;?r,, u. aitt"tsed' Broeders in the same profession meet

each other face to;;;;;; it is only to beexpected that this should

have an effect on filling vacancies and achieving promotlons'

The Broed..uo,,J'iigorot"ly disputes claimi that it pushes

members i.rto top'fo'iiio"'' tt cites its rule stating that members

must not abuse tt.'Jp"'itions' This sounds right and proper' but

the position i" ..,ii'i it t"tdfy different: Broeders do hold top

408

$atis:re-lar-as-itoie.Y

'op

positions in almost every sphere of South African life. How thiscame abour and is.being'p.rp.rrrr.d i, " 1"iri., "ii_fr"_"r,rrgthe basic Broederboniinlrir"piy"rnr, ,, rs an organisation of"gen uine A frikan ers." r.r"r"g- a'rrii.*..d o- at a, times.The key lies in this: to r.;; Ai;[anerdom as they see ir, theymust do everything in their power ,o-".rr,rr. that genuine Afrikan-

;?,HXT[;|:f k ey p o si tio";. r",r,.-, -

o u'""i o.,ir,', i*.,,,,,.ex trem er y,,.,.,'.3,'.?;i",: #1, ;1,. ;:n, ll :

r"t:ll#l ilSuper-Afrikaners? If you ,.. , nr".der, your opportunities toserve Afrikanerdom in your occupation and ersewhere are ensuredas you are pushed higherand higher up the ladder. This curious at_titude to the aims of-the Bond;-Ji; two objectives: the Broed_ers can claim to serve Afrikanerdom and not ,rr.ir-..inrrrii-rr.."rrr,while the Broederbond', i"fl";;;;'iriir"rr", daily with more andmore Broeders taking over key posiri,ons.Analysis of one aspect on its own w,r prove that the Broeder-bond does nor serve Afrikanerd;;, a whore, and in fact that it isimpossible for an organisation to achieve that broad ambition. Astudy of the Broederbond ..r.rt,'.t.rr evidence of Afrikanersnobbery among members, ,o _rri., h.* ;;;l ii,.r.rror"r,their real aim is to uplift ,t,. poo. ai.t.n., worker. The fact ofthe matter is that very, very few Afrikaner workers belong to theorganisation. There are fewe.trr, iO miners for instance. Al_though the Bond manipurated -irr.., ,. . .orrtribudon to the 194gelectioa victory (see chapte., i; ;..-r they do not feel ar home inits ranks. For this ..rro., th"..i^ b.e*" campaign to recruit moremining members in recenr years. It has fa,ed df;dd. il." *",even an artempr to estabrish under Broederbond ;;;;r;i; secrer

;l?j;,r';J:n for workers. Although they financed it heavity, that

The reason is simple: the Broederbond has become the home ofthe rich- and powerfur Super-Aic*;;;. They have been so suc-cessful in advancing th.i, "*" .;;;;, and.finances, ui t.irgBroeders, rhat the gap between th".rrlrra the Afrikaner workerhas become wide*id-*id.r. ri"i.r" anikaner worker w,r sim-ply not be comfortable in ,frr, .o_orr"

Although the Broeders-are ".ry'g"l.aed in the secret docu-ments, havine learnt what harm , f"rfi.r, do, it is easy to see howthey can imp"rorre their own p"r;r;;;r."'

The clearest evidence is thai g.o.d.;, do hord armosr a, the rop

rd.S

ng'er'ea

rre

GL'S

rot-e,

strd

:-1r

:td

sst)

409

public positions. To ascribe this to pure coincidence would be ex-

ir.-.ly naive. There is a definite link between the Broederbond's

Executive Council and the Cabinet.co-operation between the Government and the Broederbond is

"*t..-.ly close. Professor A N Pelzer outlined it in his historical

review oi the Broederbond at the 50th anniversary in 1968. "Theunderstanding (between the Government and the Bond) has al-

ways been of the best. This fortunate srate of affairs can be attri-

buted to the fact that the political leaders were normally members

of the Afrikaner Broederbond and the problems were discussed in

a spirit of Brotherhood."ih... are several indications that members can call on Brothers

in top positions to use their influence. Circular 6170166 discusses

-.-t.r, who write directly to Cabinet Ministers, secretaries ofdepartments and other "friends in responsible circles" as they are

called in the circular, chiefly about policy matters and staff vacan-

cies, but seemingly about anything else for that matter. "Notwith-standing repeated requests, some branches and members still write

about orr ,ff irt to friends in responsible circles, like directors ofeducation and departmental secretaries, at their official addresses.

This has resulted in the contents becoming known to their private

secretaries or other staff to the great embarrassment of the

member. It is no use marking letters "confidential" because this is

not noticed in an office handling so many letters. In every case

these members' home addresses should be used..,For obvious reasons we cannot give these home addresses in

circulars. They can, however, be obtained from our office' You

can also send letters to us for onward transmission. Please bring

this matter to the attention of all your members'"In his 1968 annual report the chairman, Dr Piet Meyer, made it

clear that members of Parliamenr or MPCs who are Broeders

should be asked for help. "Branches are increasingly approaching

the Executive council tr the office ro resolve local problems.'lnmost cases branches have neglected to raise these matters throughnormal channels, Broeders who are their MPCs or MPs or offi-cials on local authorities."

Evidence of direct links between the Prime Minister, his cabi-net and the Broederbond Executive is conclusive. Not only did

Mr Vorster, when he was South Africa's Premier, attend Broeder-

bond meetings, he held one in his official residence, Libertas.

Cabinet Ministers attend Broederbond Executive Council meet-

410

x-['s ilss yhen policies.. afGcting their departmenrs are discussed.*Regular

in-depth discussionl about poricy ma*ers are herd withBroeders in-responsible circles (Cabinet) who are invited to attendExecutive Council meetings.,,And further: "Many,q.i.ri., from branches to the Executivecouncil are referred tr,r.r.ria.r - ..rfo.rriule circres (cabinet) andrheir replies are rhen relayed brck to'th. Urrr.i"r.l ir,J."_prr_sory meedngs of interest and professional groups

-.orrrrirrr. ,most imporrant opportunity for

^B.o"d.r, ;; pi;; ;;rtl"gy ,ra g"ttogether to fi, vacancies The pr.p*. is stated quite bluniry in thesecret documents:,,These'meetine

Ar.ikane.dom'"i",ia. ; ;;,,i;;,i' jj,iii.,l' J,"fi , r:".T;:;

commirtees must take the initiative in getting together membersof professional groups^ro discuss, ,.f"rrr.ty from branch meer_ings' the promotion of the af.ik"n.i, interest in their rown orcity'" The Executive counc, ". ,rr. p."r"ssionar ;; -*;;; groupcan instruct members,,to extend th"'irflr.r.. ;f;;;;;;isationand serve the Afrikaner's inrerest, ;;.. effectively.,,The same circular ,ry, ,"r..rl rn..tirrg, were held betweencabinet Ministers and the n."J *i"se views were consideredsympathetically "on every occasion." More liaison is consideredessential; the Broeders in the cabinet should be asked .,as

a matter

;:#:*.r" to artend -..tirrg, ,"1 grrfr..i,g, oiif,. "i.o"d.r_

It is the stated aim of the Broederbond to contror every facet ofSouth African life.. Through th;;;;.,tr.t, the Broederbondersknow in advance about ,rrJ.ri.-urriri.r, and siting of new uni-versities, hospitals, harbours, oit_no,,,_.oal plants and other im_portant projects' In earlier years the secret Broederbond circularscontained advertisements for ,rrff rrr.rr.ies and the names of rel_evanr officials' After this was t..t.J-in. p.r.ti..-*rr'"rn.rr,ystopped, but bv word of mouth ,i n.o.a". meetings and else_whle it may be presumed to conrinue." Doctor for M erwcville. Ilopeto_rr,' do.ro. and attorney. Con_ract Broeder.f A Wiid, p_O_vritpu r ltie, Holiday ,.ro.i.i"r,rg.,for Hartenbosch' Salary 7 2oo;4id - il 900. Appry ro ExecutiveDirector, ATKV, p O Box +SSS,lofr"rrnesburg. Do not mentionthis organisarion or ou1 nlwsl,e uii 1tito,7). A by-election for theFree State vacancv on the rvr.d.ri iorri.it *;tt be herd shortrv. AIrdoctors can take oa.t. The nrrn. of O.l*f.l Venter of Bloemfon_tein has been mentioned as -;.i;;;;orr. Secretaries must in-

ts

alte

I-i-t's

n

55,fe

f

;

;

411

form doctor Broeders not present at the meeting" (119177)'

The secret october 1969 newsletter also revealed Broeder tac-

tics influencing appointments in the public service' It warned

Broeders in the civil service to be on their guard against public

servants and magistrates "whose attitude is not right" and might

have made "wrong recommendations" resulting in the appoint-

ment of .,hostile fersons". It exhorted them to "neutralise the

negative influence^" of officials who opposed public se.rvants'

mJmbership of organisations such as Rapportryers' "Friends draw

attention to the fact that it is expected of civil servants such as

magistrates to make recommendations for certain appointments'

Wtie.e the attitude of the officials is not right, wrong recommen-

dations are often made and hostile Persons are appointed' We

should be on our guard against this. Such officials can also dis-

suade subordinateshom joini"g Rapportryers and other Afrikaans

org"rrirrtions. Where ,r.h .rr., occur' appropriate.action should

be taken to neutralise the negative influence'" The special re-

lationship with the former Prite Minister is once again revealed

in Circuiar 9169170. "The Executive Council regrets that serious

embarrassment has been caused in this manner to our Prime Min-

ister, especially in view of the fact that he is doing more. than could

be expected ntrmally of a friend (member) in his position by at-

tending meetings of our organisation and even holding a meeting

at his f,ome.,, ih. e*tersiJn of the Broederbond's influence, and

its deliberate policy of pursuing this at all times, was emphasised

by the Re.rerendl if ;oo.t. in Siptemb et 7972' He was then chair-

man of the HNP ani said General HJ van den Bergh' as head of

the Security Police, had handed in a list of policemen to be ac-

cepted as Broederbond members'

oneofthemostsignificantSecretdocumentsistheonecallingon Broeders to use tlieir influence to get the right people on the

Bantu Administration Boards which regulate the lives of blacks in

urban areas. ,.Because the composition-of these boards is of sucli

great importance in promoting the policy - of separate de-

i.lop-.rrt, friends (members) *ho ,tt involved in these organis-

ations (town counciis, chambers of commerce and industry' agri-

.rrlturri organisatio ns) must use their influence to ensure fha' well-dis-

posed p.rrlom are nominated for the boards" ()anua-ry 12.1973)'

The Broederbond system of forming caucuses is often discussed

in the secret documents. The Broeders push their members into

top positions in organisations, and almost invariably they confer

412

ry.eder tac-

warnedst publicrd mightappoinr-alise the;ervants'rds drawsuch as

rtments.)mmen-red. Werlso dis-frikaansshould

:cial re-'evealed

seriouste Min-n couldr by at-neetingce, andhasisedr chair-read ofbe ac-

callingon thercks in,f such:e de-'ganis-

, agri-ll-dis-e73).rrsseds into:onfer

]:^:,.:.., before general.meetings to decide how to sreer the organ_rsarron and vote in their prefeired office_beare.;. il;;;."rganis_ation this tactic can b. -ort.rr..tirrl'rr rong as it does not conflictwith the spirit of the organisario, - *rri.r, is most unlikely to hap-pen because the Broeders tend to b. ,rti.ulate, intelligent, andsuperb organisers.

The practice was strongly condemned by professor A vanSelms, former orofessor "f5;iti; iirgr"g., ar the (Jniversity ofP_retoria. I^n his pamphlet Churri oid Srrrr, Organisations, withspecial reference to ih. F..._rro.r, and the fr;;;;;rd, hepointed to the danger for the .frr..f, arising from members ofsecret bodies being committed to prior decisi;";;;X;ort, *itf,their own people"and

"o-lrr*.-r;;;.r, who would ot., p.._ordained line' professor van Serms added: "ir,l* " ,lloint inarguing or discussing matters with ttr.m at the meeting. They can_not talk and act in accordance with th.i. o*, i;rtg"k ,.ra .orr_science. They are bound before ,t.y .o_. to the meeting.,,

. Al..-".n,ple of this p.re_plannirg ipp.rrs in a circular announc_ing: "An official -."iirrg'of th.'dii"'ctors and members of thecountry's 22 Bantu Administration Boards wil be herd in pretoriafrom october 2r-24 1g7a. BroeJ.^ *rr" are chairmen of boardsare requested to make discreet contact with friend H p p Muldefof the west Rand Administrari""-n"-a. A letter of identificationmust be carried.,'The caucus technique is again exemplified in connecdon withfarming' "Some branches p"i",

""i-irrrt some friends (members),fd Afrikaners in generrl, f.il ,. piry'".rlve roles as office_bearersm agricultural co-operadves

"t a o, their boards of directors.ttt,.:* (members) aie invited ,o ,.r..-ih.r, influence to ensure thatwell-disposed and capabre Afiikr;.;r-lre elected to rhese boards.There is great anxiety among friends (members) in organised agri_culture over the rack of ."n?.rn lrl'r.,i*r. parriciparion of wer-disposed people in the ,,r.ior, ,grl.,rf,r."f organisations. These

1l:lr: (memters) point out,frr, .'""i."r of the managements andexecu rive commirtees ^of

o rganis ed a g ricrltu.. *";;r?;; r;i *i thgreat effort and sacrifi.c. y.r., ,go,"rrrd lt i, airir.ii"g'r" fr*.lately of subtle infirtration ty h.;;r. .i.-.rrr. Ir musr be remem-bered that the rank and file .hoor. it. .orrgr.rs delegates and de_cide who will hold the reins-r, il;;;. io__itt..s of branches inagricultural areas are cordiary u"a "'.g*rry requested to investi-gate and ensure thar marters are pur.ighti, gil ;;rt.orgr,

413

plain speaking. Chairmen should take the lead in this" (22171176)'

The compr'ehensi.re.ress of the Bond's interests is indicated by a

selection oi ,..o--ended contacts. "Divisional Council Con-

gress, August IO lg7t, East London' Contact B van Deventer of

il.ir..rdrlJ Q171l72). Further police training for Broeder:-lt the

S A Police College. Contact bominee J G Odertael ('.1.71172)'

Public Service Association, October 20-21 1975' Port Elizabeth'

Contact personally the secretary, Broeder R H Landman

iiistlol. Friends visiting oshakatl can contact Broeder J M de

V"t, Comrrrissioner-General and member of the Bond's Execu-

tive Council, or Broeder Kolonel W Schoon of the Security Police

(1t6t77)."Divisional Congress, August 16 7977 ' Burgersentrum'

George. Friends (Bro"eders) are invited to a meeting on the evening

of A.igrrt 16. please bring a letter of introduction to identify your-

self li}S,7l). Divisional Council Congress, August 1963' Easr

London (2163164).

"Medical Congress, July 1963, Johannesburg (2163164).'- Agri-

cultural Union OtOliiql. Public Service Association (3163164)'

National Woolgrowers' Congress (3163164)' Members^attending

the congresses can g.t .rr*.i of contacts from the office' Give

yorr, *f*bership .r".r-b", when inquiring by post' Branches in

congress venues must send us a list oi contacts as soon as possible'

coritact must be made discreetly and letters of introduction are

absolutely essential (3 I 631 64).

"Cape Municipai Congress, April 20-24' Port Elizabeth

0 I 64 I 65). Divisional Counlil Congress, Cape Town -(4

17 t 17 1)'

Friends can contact friend R narty of Calitzdorp or B van De-

venter of Riversdale. A meetirg oi friends (members) will prob-

ably take place on the evening of At'gt"t 12' Friends R v R Barrv

of Calitzdorp, A T de Bod if O"attnoorn, B P Badenliorst of

Springbok ,"a n van Deventer of Riversdale will be the contacts.

"Craven Schools Rugby Week' Friends can contact P Kfynaurr

of Transvaal (ZlSl77).fiu.ing Parliamentary sessions branches are

urged to .h".k that memb..-r of Parliament attend meetings, and

,.i"t, their attendance record' The link man, for years' until he

becomes a Commissioner General, was Dr R Mclachlan' MP for

Westdene. South African Teachers' (Jnion: contact Broeder B

Naude, 9 Tuintseron Street, Paarl (Tel 2327)' Annual meeting of

the SA Society of Technical and Commercial Teachers from

August 3O-Sepiember l,Johannesburg' Contact Broeder MJ Smit

414

,11/76).

:ed by a

I Con-nter ofi at the71172).zabeth.ndmanlM deExecu-Police

rrrum.;eningvour-. Easr

Ag.i-616+).ndingGive

res in;sible.,n are

rbeth./71).De-

rrob-larn-st of2Ct5.

IaU\1-

s areand

ii he, forrBgofromimir

van Rensburg. A.letter of introducdon must be shown to attend ameeting of Broed.ers (2/6/75). cffi.r, of SA Society for the Ad-vancement of Education, January il_fi tgl+, Cr;;-i;;". Con_tac DrJ de le R Cilliers, ih. ,....ir.y treasurer."Broeders visiting srrirur.f .r" "irtr.t

Broeder T c de Klerk,director of the Gcriootskap ";;;. Afrikaners. The offices ofthe GRA are at Gedenkgel";l;;1"n Avenue, Salisbury, tete_phone 2s484. Mr de Kr.;kr-il;;;;;"r. is 55274.,,other documents are full of ,i-'irr. lists of contacts. For the

:,:T""ililrrl?ls book, however, it is obviourty;;;;;;re to in_

Particularly intetesting is,the special circular of March 1972 con-cerning the Cape Municlpal "1.;;;. Ir is several pages long anddevoted entirely to .euealing3rrt io*'tt. rvrtionll'p;?;; ii ro cap_rure most of the municipaiiiies in tfr" crp.- e;;.1

,i,rrr, ,,municipal erecdon year inthe crp. Dete.mined pranned acdon isurgently necessary to ensure .o.rt.or. This w,r demand of usrnterest' active oarticipation, and the right talent! If we cannot ruleat the basic levet, *h.;; ;; ;;;lj poliry is uttimatety imple_menred, we will no_t be able to *i.'on.rf,. frigfr..'i."J..,"If the conrror of a town

"r .i,f il u th. hands of a wer-dis-posed commiftee which ,d_irrlri.i. "?f..tlr.ly, it is obvious thar asound foundation

-is raid fb.- ;;;;.rur. .tl.ior,r" oi*'t igr,.,government levels'.It-is equa,y important that centrar contror overthe cape Municioar-,qr.".i.ri,on;il: united Municipar coun-cil will be in the right hands. --- *"- r.r

"A factor which escapes the attention of too many whites, espe_cially Afrikaners, is the fact ,h;;;';;ntuar success or fa,ure ofthe policy of seDarate derrelopme.t .ra the preservation ofNationalist control will depend;; exrenr to which colouredpeople accept the o-oJicy ,ra ,.. p..prred to help implement it.il,Xffir:ln be interpreted bv .oto,r..a peopre

^as poricy

The document ori,.,h;i;;;i:il"ffi';';'fr?"',J,;H,1*";;,"ft il;f ::il:cils still under the contiol of the U"ii.l-pr. ty.a *Itmust be bornein mind too that many councils considered to be Nationalist arepoorly motivated and cannor t; ;"rt.d

"n to implement Govern-ment policy consistentry

""d r"yrrif.-ilr-. porrtion regarding con-trolling bodies is even more seriour. rh" -bxecutive committee ofthe Municipal Associatio" "f s;;;';;i., is controred by peopre

41s

who are not well-disposed to our political philosophy"' Then

there is a clear ."ft;;;;t- to Jewish^participatio"' ?tth":91--ll-:;;o; ,',oi r,r*.d' i'It i' noiiceable that certain other mrnorrtv

groups, generally "t'y AJ a"J of high intelligenceJ are very active

i" pt'"il.ri"g tt.i, i'tttt't' on the municipal level'

"Through .rigo,o"-p"rticipation-they ensure that their interests

and aspirations are ;"il;t;''ese,,tt9 rltu fill the vacuum left bv

us, and thus get "'";h;;i" ih"' thti' fair share of influence over

community ,.rr,r."l."d 'l'o' as a bonus' the honour of wearing

ihe chain of office fairly regularly'"All membe., "t

-t'ittd"to aition' as are the Broederbond's

financial institutions, "'^g'"it"a agricuitu'e' and commerce and in-

dustry where -"-;;;;t i" tJ"*ot' These bodies are urged to

make capable men ;ffi;;" fight the election' and to help them

financially. A plan of action is suggested' (a) All "well-disposed"

people must join 'h;^;t;P'ytt;' "t"g"1.tations

in their areas' "The

aim must be to get tt*ti tjf these Eodies as soon as possible' This

is of cardinrt in poit'*t' b"tt"tt they usually nominate the offi-

cial candida,.r." tuii"1i6;;i;" in the activities of the ratepavers'

organisation must tt tt'o'gly recommended' "Choose a few in-

spired leaders ,ra tl"i ,rr.-l,i*"late the others. (c) "Registration

of voters for the next election must immediately be planned in de-

tail." A clever way is suggested to get a majority---ig1o1e your op-

ponents and registe' o''iy your suPPo"t"' 1d;'Municipal council

boundaries are decided ot' iht new voters rolls' "In this connection

we can play an i"fl;;*l p"i *a have a golden.opportunity for

early and apProPriate "tio"' ensuring a"delirnitalion that will

favour the right .rrJiar,.. as much as f,ossible. Especially impor-

tant is the right dt;;;ti;; of well-dispo.ttd uo-tt'i.''t-t] It much

;;;;y r; f"o,,iurt -t"t ut collected - lack of money must not

prevent , frvo."'ilt ti*'i"" result' (f) Suitable candidates mlrst be

found without d;;'t;^;" if'ty i"" ti-t to streamline their

campaigns. a .r | -^c^-.r-^^tcfrnrn 't

As shown by this relatively brief series of extracts from the se-

cret Broederbond dot""t't'' the organisation's striving for influ-

ential positior. o"*""""Jflta'io"-*Ikit'g body in So:'h lfi]:t,:tireless and their mt't'"at extremely thorough' Their success ln

thi, ,.rp..t is, therefore, hardly surprising'

r. Broederbond document, Ow Organisation' circslatedJune I974'

416

Then;h thenorityacfive

:erestseft by: overzring

ond'srd in-ed tothemlsed""TheThisofli-

YETS,

r in-rrionr de-: oP-mciltion'forgill)or-uchnotrbeheir

rbid.

ff:irj:.."rder, brothcr of the Minister of plural Relarions, Dr. Connie

-1. Then the official Oorbanded. , .:osition in parliament, the United party has since dis_

se-Iu-ais;in

417

r-t - Economic and Other Institutions

Z) fo,rmed bY the Broederbond

The Broederbond's aims crystallised over a number of years' It be-

came clear to them rf"i'ot't control of South Africa could only be

achieved if the Broederbond was successful in seven fields:

strengthening its i,,n"t"tt generally' so that the "cream" of

Afrikanerdo- .roriJ .,,."tti'tty become members; by getting

control of the afrikrr,"'l' tt'lt"'l life; by dominating the Afrikan-

er's religiou, lif.; UV .o"t'otli'g tht p-uttc service and the teach-

ing profession; by p.1i*A to""t'ol of South Africa' through the

AF.ilr.t.., by taking- control of the Afrikaner worker; the econ-

omic upliftment of the Afrikaner'- itr.rrgtt.ning the Broederbond's influence was an ongomg

p.;;"{i.- ,fr. beginning'. A delicate balance had to be main-

tained, recruiting -o?" -"i'bers without lowering standards' Be-

cause members took an oath not to reveal anything about the

Broederbond, it became a safe haven in which members' by sup-

po.,irg each other, were pushed-into t-op positionl-till']fles not

ir"r, k"ro*ing who did the pushing' If a non-member achteves a

top position and is $;;i;;';s"of rheir rules, they will try and

draw him into their i,"k'' This will ensure that Broeders lower

down can expect "protection"' be in a

The Broederbo.rd has always realised that it would never

poridot, to work in the opt", because this would destroy the or-

;;;;;;i"". on the other hand, there was a strong need for public

Eodi.., controlled by it, which would implement.its aims' In some

cases, Broeders to# over control of exisiing bodies through"bffec-

tive organisation. In others, where there wai a need for an organis-

,tio.t, ihey simply formed one, controlling it through their own

;;;;i. from the beginning and financing it' if this was,necessary'

This was the cas! with"the Federasie uan Afrikaan-se Kultuuruere'

*igi;g;. ln f)za the Broederbond consisted of only 12 branches

and 263 members. The organisation was far too small to control

Afrikaans culture, even if it was prepared to work in the open'

There were scores of small cultuial bodies all over the country

418

It be-nlv befields:n" ofettingrikan-:each-

;h theecon-

3oingnain-;. Be-t rhesup-

s notves a

; and)\\-er

:ina3 0r-rblic0meffec-mis-3\1'n1r)-.

,ere-

ches

Lrrol

?en.ltrv

which had to be brought under one umbre,a for effective control.And this is exactry wh"at the n.o.i..uord did. In one r"iir*oop, i,brought all those UoA., ,-rl-".-lir"perpetuity. 'v vvurLD ulrLrer lts wlng' ensuring control inIt was the Broederbond ,.:...!rly, Ivan Lombard, who took thelead in inviting a, recognised Afri(aans curtural bodies ro serve onan organising committee, which would ,.rrrrg.-, .rrrilrrf ."r_gress' The consress took place on D...-ber 1g and 19 1929 inBloemfontein. it,. FAK was

"rt Utirn.a *ith th. ,im of pro_moting Afrikaans and protecd";-;i. Afrikaner,s own narionalculture.As Pro.ssor pelzer stated ar rhe 50th anniversary: ,,The FAKwas the creadon of the Afrikarer B".o.d..bord and the intimaterelationship between. ,h..:a: .rgr"r*ri.ns has progressed in anundiminished wav since." rn..."r.. -ore rhan 2 000 Afrikaanscultural

-organirations affiriated to ttre FAK. Its offices are in theBroederbond building, Die Eike. iir" nro.a..bond has sponsoredan FAK magazine, .iandhaaf, i, ;hi.;';;;J.rbo,rd'o'"1,?,., ,..aired from dme to time. staifi, ,o-.ii-.s exchanged between rhetwo organisations' To-give Dr piet Koornhofa cover wh,e he wassecretary of the Broederbond, he was pubricly known as curturaladviser to the FAK.

The top Broeders _always know what is happening in the FAKbecause they sit on the rriirr.ri u"ai.r .r the organisation. As hasalready been noted, ho*.i.r,-irr"-.*.^. is not true and Broedersare sometimes warned in circulars not to discuss Broeder affairswith some top FAK officials i, oi.'r"rl., because they are not a,members. Many thousands of Afrikaners actively engaged in cul_tural affairs all over. the counrry ;; ;;;;ppear to be good enoughto join the ranks of the Srp"._hnlt;;;;r.

The Broederbond, di...tly or'irrlir..rty, through leadingmembers' was arso responsibie for the estabrishment of curturarorganisations for the hundred, oi rio.rrrrra, of postal workers,railway workers, policemen .;.. ;y';;;trolling these bodies, andhaving the uttimai.,rrf"grr.Ji;;; .;;r.ot oi the r.a.*i-L"ay,the FAK) the BroederbJnd hJ b;;;;;t off a spe*acular coupbarely six years after it had g", .ff1ffiound. It wourd be armostimpossible to do anythingiu"ui-r-r*lirrrrion now or in future

ilii.T; ffiH.::lt*?0,,,, *rtu,,r organisario", i,- n,_ryFor the youth, the Voortrekker movement was formed in oppo_

419

sition to the B ov S c out s'"1 911.9:\;#l',lo'.Tt'#",1 tsired a purely Afrikaans organlsatron''

about the voortreti.*, "a."!.rr1

n M Hertzog, the former Prime

Minister *ho "t"i;;;it B'"eie'bot'd in pulblic'' said Afrikaans

Darents should lt'"t;;t;; tr-,liJ'"' ll.'h.t organisation' but take the

-o,r.rn.r, .,t c,rg';tit' n""at' This has i'o"td impossible' The

organisation is 'ife with Broeder'' *o'iiy teachers who

-are offi-

cers in the Voortrekkers' In some y""' tht movement has even

- been helped fi"';i;";'.'i! u';'a"'uo"a' The leader of the

Voortrekke" i' M;t; Badenhorst' '^toq Broeder'

The Rappott'r;;J"r;J as.an Afrikaans counter to' Lions'

Rotarv etc, was A" f"""ta by the g'otJ"tU""d' as was tlt '1:'

;H;1,';: ;;;"""' vouth movement' These orsanlsatrons

;;k ; - ;, ia. "r'*i'"i"

g' ffi *" i1"l"ffi .';:;tH J ::L1

mf r,nffi J;:',""i;:;:i:",':":'.'.?;:;';;;;*1'ri'rorthe;;ni*.',",1:iJl;i:i'11ii"U:ff iiTx*-.,'o''wasdisbanded

on instructio" oiJtiJl;;;;;'Pr;".'r'rl"i"t'' Mr vorster' The

Afr ik a n e r - o'a' * " "ii t"J-i"t" f"' ti ; ;;-D' tll * t5 :"

z o g end

his ,rppo,t"'' ;i;';;;'i io "t"onirol

of the-Pretoria citY

Council and formed a secret otg"nis"tion in Pretoria'11 achieve

this aim (see Chapter 11)' I-t-wa""t"' seen as opposition to the

Broederbona, oii'ttitt' Dr Hertzog *" " t""tt'ii't" member for

many years 'Th,';i;ii*ner-orde.succeeded in getting a majority on

the city council";';il';;' r"d 'booi i ooo Lt.nbers' when Mr

Vorster saw the 'itit btt*tet' himseif and Dr Hertzog approach-

ing he p.,,''"a'd'lti' #;J;;;il' ;;';; ih't th' Afrikanu'orde

should di,b"'d,;;;;;;L;"-" a"'i"ous weaPon in the hands

of the ,-rlt,' tigl'l;ilng Ht"tigte.NasiJnale Party' A compromtse

was reached' 'h:';;:*""iJ?i'u"Jl"a in" "''*" of its memb-

ers would b. rrl;i;;j'r*-nr""a..u'o.ra *.-bership in the usual

way' Mr v""'#' g;;[ *ottta'?or out of the 2 000 membert'

less than ZOO *t" ?tttp'"a by the Broederbond'--wh;, t, aliiio*ii 6'!: ::y,::'*:Ji,i:";J:i l",ilfifitively easily a secret organlsatlon .o.or,,,ifroutine electiot's - of a'tity' tf"t is' of course' a mlc:

what the n'o"it'UJ'a-it"iit"' a""t l" South Africa as a whole'

Another cultural organisatio, r..-.a by the Broederbond' is

the Maatsk'ply 'i' Eu'op"' Immigrasie' whose aim it is to

Afrikaneris' t"{J;";;;;;;; E"'oi' (see chapter 8)'

420

de-domernsfiehea-'en

he

15,

ri-,ns

ng

he

edhe

rdr)-i-e

1e

)rtntrt-le

tsieFds.

t-hrf

The Afrikaanse studentebond to which most students at Afrikaansuniversities and teacher training .ott.S., leiong, *"r fo._.a byIeading Broeders, among them"Dr *ico Diederichs and Dr pietMeyer' They broke the hltd of the National (Jnion of South Afri-can Students (NUSAS) on Afrikaans campuses and repraced itrrith. this purery Afrikaans

".grrrirrrion. The Afrikaanse studente-nond's organiser has offices in"the n.o.a".uo"d1, i.;J;.I.r"r, .,Die Eike' and the organisation is heavily under Broederbondinfluence.

^ A:or!:1 organisation formed by the Broederbond was theSouth African Bureau for Racial affri., lSannay. ii^r.rr", ,,

"think-tank on raciar marters, u", ".i.iry

within the framework ofrhe Governmenr,s policy oi r.pr.-r* developme.r,.-ii^-o.grrrlr",vouth camps for young'high school t.;;.;;, ;;:;; ,;.r";.e tec_rured on various ,rp".ti ofbovernment policy. Through the dis_cussions, they are able ro keep_a_finge. orrifr. pulre of ii? riirtirrgof Afrikaner reenagers. SAnna"lgc o'..,, -.,,i o "ii.i.;, i ts s ta f[ *i "; i;:J :TrT:: r,,,I#

t"::';:pare publicarions for generar'consumption. Muni.rfiriii.r rraorher institutions become members ,rd firrrr." ;;;;;ation,although the Broederbond i, ,f*rvr-prepared ,o ,rrri. up theshorfall in funds. The presen, .t "i#r., is a leading Broeder, pro_Gssor C H W Boshoff, ,orr_lr_lr*

"f ifr. late Dr Verwoerd. Theat.::.r:., Dr CJJooste, is also an acdve Broeder.v/ith its unique network of organisations, rhe Broederbond is inan excellenr position to influence"the Afrikan., yor,h ,.rJ io ,.t..,rhe besr amons them for future -._L*rhip. From primary sc_hool ievel, it ca"n keep yatgh o, ,t.-, riudy their behaviour, theirrveaknesses and strengths. primary r.ir""f .frita..,'g;, arr*n irrrothe Vooftrekkers, wh-o meet."g"ir;;;;ery week and ar weekendcamps. The leaders among Sta;dard'V pupils ,r. .lro ii.t.a fo.''survival camps"' High slchoor children may arso berong to thevoortrekkers and readirs rr" pr.t"JroJrurrivar camps, leadershipcamps, and SABRA youth ..-pr. University ,rrj.rr* 1rn U"_come Voortrekker officers, attenj youth camps as teachers and be_long to the Afrikaanse Studentebond. posr_university or youngrvorking Afrikaners can belong ,o orr. .i;; ilrc;;1"| rrlrrrr.,or. joln the Rapporrryers. ThJerite among them will be asked tojoin the secret Ruiterwag, the BroederUoria,, yo.rrf, *irg.?ni, i,an ideal rraining grorrJ from whict, it. n.o.ders can pick andchoose members for the Bond. Th.";;; this carefur observation,

sc

421

almost from the first day an Afrikaans child enters school' the

Broederbona i, .r,"td oi't'" best selection' It is almost impossi-

ble for them to o"ttoot the budding young Super-Afrikaners

after so many years of careful scrutiny'

The Broed..bo,d i" been directly responsible for the estab-

lishment of three i"r,i*ii.", ornigt.i rea.ning in recent years: the

Goudstadse Orarr*y'iotl'g', th' irst- Afrikaans teacher training

college in Johannesil;;, il; nand Afrlkaans lJniversity' likewise

the first in Johann"J'itt, '"a the bilingual University of Port

Elizabeth.Port Elizabeth fell into the natural sphere of influence of Rhodes

lJniversity ", Crrit"rn'1own' It was iherefore to be expected that

Rhodes should toot io-port Elizabeth as an area in which a satellite

campus could de,,el.p l"a '.b'Ttl was consequently established

,i".". fn. instruction was obviously in English'

The Broederbond decided matters woull be otherwise' Thev

lighted o, , .1."' pi9y.' a. purely Afrikaans university was not

feasible, because po'It fii"Utth *" not an "Afrikaner" city' and

to replace th. nnJ"'-it'"tf' by al Afrikaans university would

have drawn ,oo -iti ;'iltit-. What could be better than a bi-

lingual university under Broederbond control?

In the ,r-. yt"- ihat Rhodes established its Port Elizabeth

branch (1961), t"'airrg ;'oeders in the Eastern Province held a se-

cret meeting on a ilil;;;tli;-r"-'' lt was decided that Rhodes

be closed down i""#, iri;;ffi and the Government be asked.

for tactical reasons' to establish a bilingual university there instead'

The blow to il;;;t -b"t'tt

p'Utit after Port Elizabeth's

mayor, rur, fur."ty t'-' itt Vy"'' t"d 'i'ittd the Minister of Edu-

cation, Senator 1"' Jt ftt'tt' in Cape Town' Mr van der Vyver

triumphantly r,';;;'Jj;;;;'""i th't the Government had ag-

reed to the establishment of a new university''O{v l'-t"'t did'Sen-

ator de Klerk's J;t;;; *'lt" offitiallv to Rhodes University to

say the Cabinet t"J Jttiatd in principle to establish a dual:me-

dium college in 1965'

Therectoroftf'"t"U"iversityofPortElizabethisProfessorEMarais, who is o" if"i'otderbond's Executive Council' and sev-

eral leading n,oti"" *"" o" the university's council' The com-

position of the .l""tii-a"ts not reflect a 50-50 partnership be-

tween Afrikaans and English as was originally suggested' Even

before the estabhsl'ri"* Jf UpE, the BroJderbond started secretlv

recruiting AfriXaa's si'a""" for the new bilingual university'

422

, theossi-:nef S

;tab-: theningrvise

Port

cdes

that:lliteihed

t.)'notand>uldt br-

rethr se-rdes

red.:ad.

th'sdu--\'er

ag-ien-

'' roI}e-

"v/ith a view to the establishment of a university in port Eriza-beth ' " tha.t especiary friends (members) in the area use their in-'uence so that as many Afrikaans students as possible enror there.f.i":!r (members) over the whole country can, of course, help inrhis" (secret Circular 2/6/64).

- - F:r many years' the anti-Governmenr influence of the riberalUniversity of the v/itwatersrand had been a thorn in the flesh ofthe Broederbond. Furthermore, the massive witwatersrand com-plex was without an Afrikaans university. As early ,. tqi3, ,o_.Ieading'Broeders had started striving for the estabrishmenr of anAfrikaans university. In the forefronrwas Dr piet Meyer who ferttar too^many young Afrikaners were forced to attend the univer-sity of the v/itwatersrand and that its influence should becountered.In November '1963 a meeting was called to discuss a new

-\frikaans university. It was atte'nded by representrti"", of bigAfrikaner businesses, local and provincial gor...r-.rtr, .dr.r_rion' religion and curture in Southern Transvlal. The meeting de-cided to proceed with theplans proposed, and o".. ,grirri"a ,fr"support of the Min_is-ter ofEducation, SenatorJa" a.-rr;.t, him_self a Broeder. Dr IJ van der Walt said at rfr"'_..rirfg,lii _rr,have a christian national basis to counteract the riberal character ofrhe existing university on the Rand.,,2

Twelve of the fourteen members of the committee to approachthe Government on the formation were Broeders. The committeeconsisted of the execurive of the Coudstadse Ordrr*;ri;ii;;e andrepresentatives ':f the East and west Rand and th. v..."r'iging-vanderbijlpark areas. The members of the executi,r. *..., tn.chairman, Dr Piet Meyer, also chairman of the joint committee,:he SABC and the Broederbond; MrJ p van de."Sp,ry, then Mp,until 1961 Broederbond chief secr.t".j, ,.,d later Minisi., oifa,r_cation; DsJ G Griessel of Linden, or.tf ,h. Broederbona rfot.r_men at the NGK synod in April 1963; Mr Eben Cuyler, proirir..,,Broeder, later a Senator; Mr A W Muller, principal of the collegeand Mr A Z Human, vice-principal, both Broederbond members;l{tJ 9 van Tonder, a head^mastei and arso a Broederbonder. FourBroeders from other areas were elected: Dr p Koor.rt oi ,t.r,Broederbond secretary; Ds c H w Boshoff, son-in-raw of the rateDr Verwoerd;-DrJJ van der Walt and Dr AJ Visser, a, Af.ik"r*fuslnessman, Iater Mp and Senator.

The result was the Rand Afrikaans lJniversity, the most mod_

rE,er-,Ir}-be-r-en

:dt-

423

ern university in South Africa, firmly under Broederbond control'

Although tt. ,rrrirr"rriiy-h" ot'Iy.4 b00,students' it was designed

to cater for 50 000. i;;''t"'-"'odtrn library has -comp,ter links

with renowned universities in the rest of the world and can trace

.rr.r, ttr. most rare U""t i" seconds' The chancellor of the univer-

sity was the late D. Ni;; Diederichs' former State President and

chairman of the n,o"dt'borrd' The chairman of Council' Dr Piet

Meyer, is also chairman of the SABC and a former Broederbond

chairman.The..ctor,ProfessorGerritviljoen,isthe.presentBroederbond chairman. The university this year awardedironor-

arv doctora,., ,o ,*o*i"';;g Broeders' Mr Svbrand van Niekerk'

iffi"J;;;;i;; i""i"t' and Mr J G H Loubser' head of

the South African RailwaYs'The council of RAU is imell stocked with Broeders and the staff

list reads like a Broederbond "'Who's Who"'

The Aucklrra p,tft-fufelville-Westdene complex -i1 Johannes-

burg is ,o* do-lt"itd by Broederbond-controlled institutions'

V/ithin a five-mile.,dit" from the Broederbond headquarters' Die

Eike, can U. forrrd, iaBC, Goudstadse Onderwyskollege'- Perskor'

Rand Afrikrrm U,,it'"rsity, J G Strijdom Hospital and Vorentoe

Hodrskool.In the sphere of trade unions' the Broederbond played a role in

gririrg -"trof ,h-'gi-t1t N'1;' nale Raad uart Trustees' In taking

over the Mineworke'I' U'io' it managed to swing six constitu-

encies on the Wlt*l*""'a il' f q+g' thereby giving the National

Party a majoritY (see ChaPter5)'one of tfr. nrrt

"pt;i;;t f"i"g the Broederbond in its earlv

years was the fact tliat by 1938 th.er-e were 300 000 Afrikaners who

lo,rld b. termed ;;;""t whites"' After the emotional oxwagon

trek, the g.o.d.,bJJ instructed the FAK to arrange the Ekono-

miese volkskongresig."".-i. National Congress). This took place

in Bloemfort.i, f)o* October 3-5 7939' *d tt" young Dr H F

Verwoerd, trt., p.i-t Minister' drew national attention f6r the

first time through his participation'According to a Broeie'bo"d document circulated in April 1969'

the congress was later seen as "one of the most important miles-

tones in the derelof -*t of the history of the Afrikaner-nation'"

It added: "rt, gr."i." value was that it deflected the Afrikaner's

eyes from his foverty and made him conscious of his great poten-

tial on the economic front'"It was at this .;;;; that the Afrikaner discovered the key to

424

:ontrol.

=igned:r linksn tracerniver-:nt and)r Piet:rbond)resent10nor-iekerk,ead of

re staff

lnnes-rrions.'s, Dierskor,trefltoe

ole inakingstitu-ional

earlyu,hoagonbono-

placeHF

r the

969,Liles-

on."ter'sIten-

yto

success for his oestablish Afrikar

economic upliftment: pool Afrikaner money,rvererordtr,",rl'.1..'y"i?lli;,iXffi;:rtfi [m:.:.tr;1i;Hmighty financial power could be unleashed. tr/ith this aim in mindthe Reddingsdaadbond wa, fo.med.

-^--

The April 1969 Broed..uora-.i..urar states: ..The strength ofrhe Reddingsdaadbond was that t,;;;, ro rhe nadon with a newmessage and vision' It brought a message of strength to a nationwhich had almost become dr:h;;;"d in irs ,t.rggl. against pov_erty' To a narion which regarded , forition of economi. subservi-ence as almost natural,- it p..r.rrt.ithe ideal of an Afrikanerdomwhich would not only be ".:Oa;;, bur rlro employer, nor only aforeigner in the economic rir" "*rir'arherland, f;;;i; ,ti. pro.,aowner of material. power, whictuightfrlly,b"l;;;;J.to him.Today, we can look'back ;*r.n,, ,; the work "i-;; Redding-

*i!!ii!.r,rhe work i, t;-l;-i;destructibre ,,a ti" rracks

The moving forcg behind the Reddingsdaadbond from whichscores of Afrikaan_s businesses rp.r.rg was Dr Nicholaas Diede_:.,t.S,f5::,:j;;.,: "" of th e n'...a?.u

", a, rur,i,"t.i-l? r,, ",..

Nicholaas Diederichs was born at Ladybrand on November 171903. He went to schoot ",

B;;;i;,ii ro ,t. u.,trr.^ity Co,eg.of the orange Free Stare.;.:#;.]arrr.a MA. He ,r.rai"a mEurope at the Universide, of ColJgie, Berlin and Leyden andgraduated D'Litt et ph, *iri-aitii"'i*n. on his retum .rrry i,1929 , Dr Diederichs was appointed lecturer and in 1934, professorofpoliticat science.:, o[i.:i;i;;; University College of theOrange Free State. In'193g, 'n"'r.i".".o to Europe for furtherstudy and rerumed

1o the Uri".rrir, i, tglg.He relinquished his

'-';r;;;,;:::fr ;:rre40whenr"*"''ir";;;;;;.i,.L,i'J.r,,...In the first ereven years of its existence, the Reddin'sdaadbondmobilised more rhan R30_mi,ion {b;;i;tk;;;, ffi,,*_ 1r,"r_prises' Its operation was terminated in 1g46. The number ofAfrikaans businesses grew from 3 710 in 1g3g to 13 047 in 1g4g.The turnover i,,c..asld rr"^ iit--"rrit", to f322-m,rion in ayear. The Reddingsdaad.bond *r, ,t*Jr.ir,r_.rr,rt in the establish_ment of the co-operativ. -or.*.* or',rr. pratterand and startedrwo commercial hioh schools, trr.. ,"t., over by the State.one of the Afrik"aan' business;.lil' srarred by the Broeder-

ThelateDrNicoDiederichs.Ex-StatePresidentandBroederbondchairman.

bond was vo'eskas' volkskas (Koiiperatief) Beperkwas formed by55 B roeders, under .t,.i r-"rriip? th. n r...J..u.ra.ih"r._rrr,ProfessorJ c van loor, ";-Ailii'r934. Fromi" i"-ur. begin-nings in a privare n:il.- i" p.;;r;, it has grown into one of therop three banks in South Afii.;;;;.y. Its taxed pofit in 1977/7gwas R16 828 000 and total g.oup;;;" R2 923000. A, the Boardmembers are Broeders, D. j a rirrr"i (chairman), Dr A J du Toit,DrJ S Gericke, M VJoostJ, afrrariris, Dr M D Marais, Dr T FMuller, Dr SJ Naude"lreclr,fy'..iir.d), Mr D C H Uys, Mr D pvan Huyste." (-T:q"g di...ro.jlira, ro1.'ui,ia.lr, Dr Hil_gaard Muller, Dr yl b a", nf.r.i. ir.u..a;.Federale volksbereggings,

"r.ilJr- afrii<aner giant in today,sbusiness world, was starled by the Broederbond as a direct resultof the Ekonomiese Votprkingu'r."The aim of the organisation was to pool a part of Afrikanercapital in one company, and to make it ava,abre for the establish-ment or takeover of commercial and industrial .";;;;;r;,Its taxed profits in 1976 *.;;i;;_million, and its assets R500_million, and the rop management are all Broeders: Dr p E Rous_seau (chairman), Mr CJ F"Humarrl_rrr.girg dire*or). Dire*orsare: Dr W B Coetz.., ?l WJ de Viiii..., S A Hofmeyr, Dr SJNaude, pJ F Schol z ard D, ii-Wrrr..,rr..Out of Federate yr!:!:ir-*rgr

-;*.rg ed Federale Mynbou,which started with only R120 0A;tre capital. Mr lfennie du ples_sis described in his book,n h.;;;;rs insrrumen tal in FederaleMynbou's establishment. After he had resigned from the civ, ser-vice, rarher than resign no_ ti. niJ.a.rUond, a choice siven rohim by Smurs, the Bioede.u"rJr,-.ip'.i him financialy. froederslike Danie Malan. pr"f..ro. s;;;""r;.ff and w,rem van Heer-den, editor of Die Vaderland, rff

"fer"J tim posirions, bur insteadhe and his brother bought;;J ;;imine. They were given fi-nancial assisrance b.y Federale irtiriirggtngs, whichthen estab_Iished Federale Mynbou. ' vr'!JuL'((

Another Broeder, Willem Heckroodt, deputy general managerof the Railways, made rruck, ,;;;il;'ro rransporr coal to Lou_renco Marques (Maputo). From ,rr... r, w-as shipped to Irerand,their first consignment ne*ing trr.--l:0000. The great break-through for Mynbou came in tiSZ, ho*.ver, when an Escom con_::lt:rPu

them in a position ,o i.,...rr. production by 300 perIts biggest coup was in January 1965, when Federale Mynbou

427

gained effective conffol of General Mining' one of the large gold

mining companres. in g|a' it obtainediS'.0.V1^y;'l i'.y:],:-le;;;".";-n, ,notht' gold mining group' and in 1976' its eftecttve

control in General ffii"; i"ttt'"'J ftom 44 per cent '? -Y'7

p"

cent. (Jnion Corpot"iorr"btt'*t an affiliate of General Mining'

The annuaf ,,r.,"""t is R2 OO0-million' and the total assets

R2 4O0-million- Genemi ft'fi'mg alone made an after-tax profit of

ngO,:-*iltl on tn 1977178' The Bo"td of Directors also accommo-

;r; ;;ry Broederbond members' with Dr w B Coetzer as

chairman. i r. r-L^^^^ o-Even Dr Anton Rupert's mighty Rembrandt Tobacco emplre'

now spread ,il o,r.J;t "' *.rrZ, had humble beginnings under

Broederbond ,,.pit"'' Otat' members still remember how Voor-

brand Tobacco C.;tt;" - Rt-b'andt's predecessor - distri-

buted its products at Broederbond meetlnss'

"'We were ",ktd to smoke and cough ior volk and uaderland"'

one of them told us with a chuckle'

In recent years' D''R;;;t; wanted to resign from.the Broeder- '

bond. He though, ,t" io"a's narrow Aflikaans image would

damage his image as an outgoing international businessman'

Other Broeders speculated thaihe wanted to live in Switzerland'

which was more tt'i"tty situated for effective control of his em-

pire. Howe',r"r, p''pili'M;;;t' Broeder chairman': ll:,,t1T'went to see him and persuad.a ni- to stay in the organrsatron.

The merge., Ut*it' the two l"gt B'o"derbond-controlled

building societies, Saambou and Nasionaal \nto Saambou-Nasionaal'

...",.a"rrother giant' Its assets arcR629161 000'

The managi"g di;;t;;' i" B'otder' Mr AJ Marais' The ne*

general manager' fvt' C drr P Kuun' w-as form-erly on the staff of

the Broederbond. Other Broeders on the Board of Directors are:

DrJ A Hurter (.tt,i'*"t'), D'Y A.Marais' Dr P J Meyer" Dr Hil-

g#a rulrffer. Mr G J van Zyl' and Dr A I du Toit'

It is impossible' ii" Uc,c,rt-tl'iich covers i" "><t"*tly wide field'

to describe ,it. n'o"Jt'bond's influence on Afrikaans business in

full. It is almost ' t"'i;f;r a book on its own' Even the massir-e

Sanlam group, ,ftf'"'ign* esrablished before the Broederbond was

well off the ground, d-id not escape its influence' It benefited im-

mensely from the "t""trnit awaket'ing and "support your own"

spirit unlearh.a i" a?'ik""tdo"t by ttt Broedertond and as the

Bond grew, it, *.-b"'s slowly but surely took over top positions

in Sanlam. Th. ch^i-t-an, Dr R p Wt"tnaar' the retired manag-

428

ge goldUnion

ffective,),7 Pertining.

ASSETS

rofit of)mmo-rzer as

mpire,underVoor-distri-

'land,"

reder-,r-ouldsman.rland,s em-time,ion.:oilednraal,

ne\1'rff ofs are:Hit-

Eeld.ss inssive

wasim-

tvn"i theionslag-

ing director, Mr pepler Scholtz, and thoi wim d.'viili..., are a, members. e new managing director,

From Sanlam, Santam and,Federale Volksbeleggings, grewa hostofaf{iliates, with branch.r i";i;i;.r.., aspect ofbusiness rife.It is one of the Trry wonders oi th" Afrikaner Broederbondthat it could have achieved ; ilh J ri. ..o.,o-i. nJr,*- "rrya few decades. on that *.*gri J;;;,;, has proved ro be an or_glll"rr": rri.qr.. _in today,s'wo.iJ,'if,f, superb secret orsanis_atron, strict disciprine ani a determinrrion l"ra'o;';;;r";: "r,other organisation in history.

l. S-unday Times, June 16 1963.2. Sunday Iines, -November

l0 1963.J' Professor A N pcrzer' Hisnrkar Rerir* of the AJrikaner Broederbond, rg6g.4. Die Coue Draad - on die irekp,a;;"r';\rT:rirl ^r.,k.rnr.

pcrs, 1970.5. Chairman's review.June 197g.

429

26 The Ruiterwas

One of the Broederbond's prime objectives from its inception has

;;; ;" capture tt. *i"a' of yo""g Afrikaners and harness them

;;;; ".;;r,irrtior,', Christian Na"tional cause' This explains its

obsession with holJir€ key positions in education throughout

South Africa. tt *r, i,'&lt'Utt, then' that the Broederbond would

establish a junior orf,"it'ii"n' What. is extraordinary is that the

B roederb ond', orr...ihel min g compulsion to- maintain secre.cy^ ex-

tends to its own creations' The Broederbond's junior organrsatron

does not know, and is not allowed to know' that it is totally con-

trolled by "Big Brother"'Th" junior b"ody, the Ruiterwag' was founded in Bloemfontein

o, S.pi"-U er 41956under the direction of Professor H B Thom'

Rector of the Urrit.i,ffiiSitllt"botch and then chairman of the

Broederbond, O.l j fvf"yer, head of the South African Broadcast-

ing Corpor.tior, ,rid ' ""-bt' of the Broederbond Executive

(and later to b..o*. tie longest serving *ItT'":-llT organis-

ation to date), and tt,.t otht"' mtmbe's-of the Executive Council:

Professor S Pauw, Dr S J Naude and the late Professor J Keyter'

On August t7 fiSftheJtto"d Watchpost' as a Ruiterwag branch

is called, *r, .rtrbli-JJ in 1ot"""ttbt"g' By.the-end o.f 1974

there were -o." ,h,t' 200 datchpo't' 'Jtots the face of South

Africa.Basically, the aims and objectiyes 9f the Ruiterwzg ere exactly

rhe same as those ;i,i; Bro-ederbond itself. Membership follows

the same exclusive pattern of the Parent body and is also by invita- '

ii., ."ry. providei they can meet all the exclusive Afrikaner re-

ilir;";,t f.id do*'iy the B-roederbond' males who have left

school and are between 18 and 28 years old can become members

of the Ruiterwag.The swearing-in ceremony of the Ruiterwagr bears a striking

resemblanc" to th.t of the parent body' After the customary Pray-

ers and scripture ."rdi'g', ihe it'itiation master reads the full name

of the aspirant ,"i tryti;:vou apPear here because you have indi-

430

ProJ H B Thom. Ex-Broederbond chairman, now a university principal

cated a desire to join the ranks of the Ruiterwag. Before you aretold what is intended and what demands will be made of you as aRuiter, you must in true good faith and sincerely undertake:

"Firstly, to maintain the strictest secrecy about all matters con-cerning the Ruiterwag that may come to your knowledgc;

"Secondly, never to join or be associated with any other secretmovement without the permission of the Hoofwag (Chief Guard);

"Thirdly, to submit yourself to instant expulsion if the execu-tive decides you havc failed in this binding undertaking in anyway."

The ceremorry continues on these lines.INITIATION MASTER: If after what you have heard you have

431

doubt in your mind, you now have the chance to go in peace' No

one will hold it against you. (Afew moments of silence')

INITIATION MASiER: By nlt leaving us' you have indicated

il"i yo, remain firm in yourintentions' it can now be revealed to

yo, ihr, the Ruiterwag was born out of the urge to help.promote

the freedom ,.rd ,.tf-i.termination of the Afrikaner nation in all

spheres oflife.-' B..rr.. the youth of a nation is the fountainhead of its vitality

and development, the Ruiterwag wishes to weld together with

firmbondsofmutualtrustandlo"veofnationahardcoreofpickedyoung men prePar"Junconditionally to pledge their service to the

p.opG and to the honour of God''-Y'o,r, accordingly, ao,'o'come here to seek recognition of ac-

dons or achiereme.rts in the past, but to offer yourself in unselfish

service to the nation and to b"co-t a Ruiter on the Road of South

Africa. There *ill i. rro exit from this road for you' The song of

ii. frog..r, of tfr. n,,iterwag will always echo in your ears and

orrt of tfre people's past will tJrn" tht-t"ll: Be prepared' be.faithful'

For this you must'tro*, that he only can become a Ruiter who

measures uP to these demands:

ASSISTANiT INITIATION MASTERS stand behind the aspirant

and intone:SPEAKERA:TosubscribetotheProtestantfaithandhonourit;SPEAKER B: To accept his own nationhood and to maintain it as

a responsibilitY imPosed bY God;

SPEAKER A:'Firm in principle and strong in charac.ter;

SPEAKERB:Comradeship,'aspiritofsacrifice'fidelityandself-discipline;SPEAKERA:Tobeabletogiveresponsibleleadership'andalsoto be able to subject himself io well-considered leadership'

INITIATION MASTER: Are you prePared to carry out these

f.inciples and faithfully to base'a[ ytur actions on them? (Gives

ih, ,oididotr's full nnme)' What is your answer?

ASPIRANT: Yes.

INITIATION MASTER: Because very rigorous- demands are

made of members of the Ruiterwag, it is necessary that you should

carefully consider what is expected of a Ruiter'

SPEAKER A: The Ruiterwag wants you to remain always honest

and true to the highest Afrikaner traditions;

SPEAKERB:TheRuiterwagwantsyoutostrivealwaysforunit;-among all right-thinking Afrikaners;

432

No

ItdIrorOte

r all

SPEAKER A: The Ruiterwag wants you to be faithful in the11{lest things, and in you.lJours to ,"ek

"rfy y"r, ir",SPEAKER B: The Ruiterwag expects you faithfully to attendevery meeting of your Wagp os (Watchpor, o, brorri)'r.rJ ,o .o_operate actively with other Ruitcrs in a ipirit of g.ruir. urrity ,racomradeship;SPEAKER A: The Ruiterwag expecs that you will submit your_self to such censure and disclphne as the .r..rti* _rf-frr". ,"apply under the standirg o.d..r.INITIATION MASTER: you norv know the significance of thechoice which you must make, and you have another chance toconsider these high demands. If you .r.,.rot face this call and thistask, then you had l.:r::d.prrt in peace. (A-few moments oyritrrrr.lINITIATION MASTER: Now ,h", yo, hlve had ff."iy .f rirn.to considcr your decision, you are asked to give tf,. dotio*lrgundertakings:To serve God and your people faithfully to the death withour ex_pecting honour o. ...."rid; -

To maintain the utmost secrecy about all Ruiter mattcrs;Never to join or to co-operate with other secret orgrnirrtiomwithout the permission olthe Hoofwag;Always to carry out the insrrucdons oilfror" set above you and towork honestly, faithfury, and in good heart with arl other Ruiters;To regard all. your promises as biiding unro death, no matrer whatpunishment is meted out to you and"even if you a.e d.p.irred ofmembership.

Do you so-lemnly and unconditiona,y promise this in the fulrrealisation of the seriousness of your promises? (ciues the candi-d.ate'sfull name.) What is you, ,rr*..?'ASPIRANT: YesINITIATION MASTE R (intones) :The struggle that our fathers began,V/ill rage till we have died o. *"o.,'That is the oath of young South Africa.2

A Ruiter's membership lrpr.. when he turns 33. Obviously, theRuiterwag provides feri,e iecruiting gr.;;;-i;r-ri" "u.";0".-bond, but membership of thejunior o".g7rir"tion does roagur.".r_tee admission to its elite ranksl Fo.-"r"Rriters have to go throughthe same recruitment pJocess as any other candidate 6'efore theycan join the Super-Afrikaners.

The Ruiterwag's organisational structure is a carbon_copy of

litl--,idked&e

ac-ishu&;ofrndtuttu

rCt5

{f-

bo

csq

FCr

Etc

dd

Ey

.l*ttl

t]

433

theBroederbond's.BranchesarecalledWatchposts'thereistheequivalent of an Executive Council' and there is a congress every

two years known ,r'ii.-W"th Council (Wagraad) to elect a presi-

dent and a president's council' There is a minimum of two Broed-

ers on the President's council'At each Watchpo,t tht" i' a Chief Guard and it is mainly

,h;;Gi hi* that ihe Broederbond exercises control'

A document entitled The Ruiterwag was circulated to Broeders

in Novemb et 1.974. "The power to nominate Chief Guards"' it

said, "rests exclusively with the Execurive Council (Ruiters be-

lieve that ,ro*irr"tio.,, come from the Council of Chief Guards)'

The Chief Guard, *i-'cl *"tt always be a member of the Broeder-

bond, musr take , ,rii"t i.,t..est in youth and have special knowl-

edge of youth o, i," tlo" "'otiation with youth' must be

equipped to ,rrr*. Ladership, and must also be prepared to de-

,ror. ,i-. and energy to the interests of the Ruiterwag ' ' '

"The Chief Gorii must be older than the Ruiters' but young

enough in spirit ,o i.,"ol"t himself in the interests' concerns and

"rfi.irio.,, orrn. y;h. The chief Guard must regard his office as

, poritio, of exceptional trust' associated. *t'n l:,1'^*5: ::,pirrtiUiUry, and iniis duties he must at all times remarn conscrous

of the Broederbondl. ,i-. for the Ruiterwag' At the same. time he

must bewa.. of i-po'i"; * ;" outlook''desires' ambitions and

personality. H. ,r,,,t, J" tht contrary' strive .'? ::to"'ge the

Ruiters' own initiative, decisiveness and leadership'"

The document goes on to describe how Watchposts are rn prac-

tice establirn.a Uy"'n"tattUcl"a branches who report to the

Executive Council that the necessary potential exists in their areas'

The Executi,r. Cot""il appoints 'Chief

Guards and Assistant

Guards lUrtp*ogt,);;; d'otd"t' nominated by the branches'

To co-ordirrr,.-tt" grand design for the Ruiterwag' the ap-

pointed Broeders ,"t#blt in thetouncil of Chief Guards' This

body meets ,.pr,,i"iy *f'en- a wa^tch Council meeting takes place

every other year. It "t' on behalf of the (Broederbond's) Execu-

tive Councif, "rftt'ot'gi 'ht

E*tt"tive Council actually has final

say in all matters that involve the Ruiterwag"'

The Coun.if of Cfti"f Guards tlects an executive of three

members*to.rrr.o-op'ott"'membersifnecessary'Iftheprli-dent of the R.rit.r*"g-i' ' Broeder' as is usually the case' he also

has a seat on the.*"..i'i"t' One of the recent Ruiterwag presidents

was a prominent Broeder, Mr Dawie de Villiers' National Party

434

MP:rugbladvis:o th

Thhorv:ats i.1ut t.

iar\-Itrni::: a

=or(-ire (

"tt per

.i'ag

:lan::e l

.1'lg

.--.

aill-- -.1

-d-:l:f:'1:i

MP for Johannesburg West and a popular former Springbokrugby captain. It is the task of the execurive of the chief Guards toadvise the Broederbond Executive council on all matters relatingto the Ruiterwag.

The Broederbond document conrinues with its explanation ofhow it maintains control over the Ruiterwag. "The chief Guardacts as a link between the Broederbond and the Ruiterwag, with-out this ever being made known to the Ruiterwag. It is thus neces-sary that the chief Guard serves on the executivi of his (Broeder-bond) branch, where there is only one branch and one Watchpostin a town or area. where there is one watchpost in an area withmore than one (Broederbond) branch, the chief Guard serves onthe executive of the (Broederbond) Central Committee.

"The Chief Guards must ensure that the greatest measure of co-operation is achieved between the Broederbond and the Ruiter-wag, without the Ruiters realising they may be included in a largerplan of action. The extent of liaison between the Broederbond andthe Ruiterwag was discussed comprehensively at the 1973 (Ruiter-wag) watch council. The then president presenred this declar-ation, which was drawn up in consultation with the (Broeder-bond) Executive Council.

"'l am often asked if there is any official liaison between these or-ganisations. In this connection, I can give this answer frankry andwith the knowledge and approval of ihe Broederbond leadeiship.Although these two organisations in many respects have commonconcerns, the Ruiterwag exists independently and separately fromthe Broederbond.

"'There is contact and liaison at the highest level between thetwo organisations: between the President's Council, through thepresident, and the Broederbond leadership. At all other levels, thetwo organisations maintain complete confidentiality towards eachother. For the sake of complete clarity, I want to i.p.rt, the twoorganisations exist independently. There is, therefore, in no re-spect an overlap of membership from one to the other.

"'The Broederbond is, just like the Ruiterwag, completelyautonomous in the admission of its members, and applies its owncriteria for recruitment. To sum up, we can put it like this: we areindependent spiritual partners. Let us each in his own area and inhis own way, with sacrifice and application, serve that goal whichis greater than people or organisations.

"'In the light of these comments, a question arises about the

435

Ruiterwag's influence on external activities. Just because the Presi-

dent's council liaises with the Broederbond at high level, it must

not be inferred that this represents any channel of authority to the

outside whereby the Ruiterwag can exercise any influence " ' Iwould like to repeat: the President's Council, by the very nature of

the Ruiterwag as a secret organisation, has no external authority'

The power olthe Ruiterwaglrises, as far as I am concerned' from

the activities of its members. The Ruiterwag is just as strong,

vigorous and influential as its members''"'Nevertheless we can, with a view to further discussion' make

these points in connection with liaison. (1) It is possible for the

President's Council to direct requests or make recommendations

on behalf of the (Ruiterwag; to ihe Broederbond' As an indepen-

i.rrt orgrrisation the Broelerbond is, however' in no way bound

to take-action on this. . . This channel of action is not the most

effective for the Ruiterwag."'(2) Consideration .rrl. given to empowering the President's

council, where it is in the interests of the Ruiterwag, to liaise with

former members in key positions. (3) The President's Council can

be given authority, in highly exceptional cases " ' to negotiate

*'itt a.ry person whose integrity is above suspicion'"' -

The deceptions in this denial are breathtaking. The claim that

the two organisations are independent of each other is incor-

rect. From the inception of a Ruiterwag Watchpost, the Broeder-

bond is in control. ih.,r.ry document which contains this passage

disclaiming any significrrri irrt.rr.tion, details the machinery that

exisrs to Jr"bi. tte Broederbond to pull all the strings in the

Ruiterwag.To claiL there is no overlap in membership is also incorrect' In

fact, the very president who was making the declaration was a

member of the Broederbond, Dawie de villiers. All the chiefGuards of the Ruiterwag have to be Broeders, and at least two

members of the Ruiterwag President's Council " ' and' according

to the Broederbond document, "usually the majority" are mem-

bers of the Broederbond'The Ruiterwag also has to report to the Broederbond Executive

Council. One suih report was submitted on May 251967' It was a

family affai,symbolising the close links between the two organis-

ations. The report is signed by the chief Secretary of the Ruiter-

wag, I A Meyer. His father was none other than Dr Piet Meyer' at

thaf time Chairman of the Broederbond Executive Council receiv-

436

)resi-

musto the...1

rre of,.it)'.from'ong,

naker therions

?en-rundmost

ent'ss'ithI can,riate

tharcor-der-sage

tharrhe

t. Ina5a.hiefr1l'O

tingem-

tive'as a

nis-.ter-r. atEiv-

ing the report. Young Meyer's report inter alia thanks the Broe-derbond Executive for its continuing financial help. ,,From thefinancial statement it is clear that the salaries and travel costs of theofficials, as well as the office rent and the travel allowances madeavailable to the Watchposts, are nor paid for by the Ruiterwag.Accept for this our special thanks."

At that stage the average age of the Ruiterwag's 1 300 memberswas 27,9 years. Teachers made up the bulk of the members. Thercwere 240 of them, followed by 172 clerks in the public or privaresectors, 141 students, T6 farmers, T3 professors and lecturers, 58ministers of religion, 43 secretaries and accountants, 37 lawyers,133 engineers,2T salesmen and 27 agriculturalists. There were 18Ruiters in the South African Defence Force, 16 in the South Afri-can Broadcasting Corporation, 10 working in municipalitics, 10policemen, five in the prisons servicc, five journalists, and twomembers of Parliament. Like its parent body, the Ruiterwag alsohas front organisations: theJunior Rapportryers, "whose secretar-iat is managed by us," the report says.

Apart from these manifestations of interlocking activity be-tween the two organisations, the Broederbond is also actively in-volved in recruiting for the Ruiterwag. The Broederbond docu-ment The Ruiterutag instructs Broeders to keep an eye out forpromising young men and pass names on to the Broederbond sec-retariat for transmission to the Ruiterwag's secretariat.

There is, however, a measure of confidentiality between the twoorganisations at grassroots level. The Broederbond document onthe Ruiterwag says: "As the confidential nature of the member-ship and activities of the Ruiterwag is strongly impressed uponRuiters, it is not right and would seriously jolt their faith if mem-bers of the Broederbond . . . in some thoughtless way let it beknown that they were aware of young men's Ruitership. To elimi-nate this risk it is essential that the names of Ruiters are not re-vealed to (Broederbond) branches."

To further protect the Broederbond-Ruiterwag relationship,there are strict guidelines for fathers who become aware that theirsons are Ruiters. open discussions of the two organisations' acti-vities are strictly forbidden. They would constitute a breach ofconfidentiality that would be "regarded by the Execurive councilin a most serious light," adds the document.

If a branch inadvertently starts recruiting a Ruiter when it al-ready has one Broeder with dual membership, the Chief Guard in

437

his double-agent role must instruct the branch to halt the recruit-

ment procerL thi, practice of dual membershiP agln exposes the

fl"* i., the Broederbond's declaration about the Ruiterwag' In

fact, the document goes on to say that while dual memberships

ought to be limited they are sometimes necessary

6ertainly a Ruiter who becomes a Broeder must not resign his

junior membership too suddenly, "as this raises too many ques-

iiorr, ,-org his iuiter colleagues and also unnecessary doubts

about his integritY."aThe move across from membership of the Ruiterwag to mem-

bership of the Broederbond is done with typical caution and

,t.alth. When a Ruiter reaches 33 he must resign' As this ege ap-

p.or.t "r,

years earlier in some cases, the path to the Brocderbond

is prepared. Discreetly the Chief Guard who serves on the branch

Erecuti.re of the Broe'derbond can start directing their attention to-

wards a promising prospect. But only-when the branch has made a

formal proporrl Irn th" Chief Guaid reveal that the prospective

member is a Ruiter. This is attractive to the branch' because he

does not count in their regular annual quota of two new members'

1.

2.

3.

4.

Vatcher, W H, Witt Laaget, pp 285-287 '

Jong Suid-Afrika (Young- So'tft aftita; was the original name of the Broe-

dcrbond.Broedcrbond document, The Ruiterwag'

rbid.

438

uit-the.Inhipt

hisles-rbts

27 conctusion

On October 3 7978, early in the morning, the quiet main road be_

f:::.|I:*.rPoort Dam and Brirs, north of Johannesburg,Degan to carry an unusualry heavy amount of traffiJ. cars bearingregistration numbers_ from all prrt, of South Africa streamedalong the road. In each.r., dr.rr.d i., ar.t r,rlrr, *.."i*o, rt...,sometimes four or five men. Some wore hats, some were bare_headed' The cars were mostly expensive moders. Mercedes Benzand BM'W were parriculr.ly fa.roured makes. As the time movedon toward 8.00 a.m., the unseasonal traffic began ,o ,.1.i , p."t .Local inhabitants, taking their children to sch-oor, or heading offtowards their rurar occupations, stared in amazement at the unac_customed sight.The stream of cars moved from all directions to a focal point,where they swung off the tarred road, passed between two stoutgates set into a heavy-security ferrce, ,ri*... ,*rttor".i ujir, ,t.dense bush on the other side. An o.rlook.r, peering intenily be_

I"-"l,lh. gates, might have perceived througf, tfr. a1ri.iit . ,r_sembttng cars, a checkpoint manned by iwo _..r. E..h .a,stopped at the checkpoint, while its occupants ailowed some sorrof document to be sciutinised, before receiving the satisfied nod ofone of the guards to send it on its way once more. The onlookerwould see no more as the cars disappeared one by or. orr.. ,fr.brow of a hill a shorr way beyond ,'hl-.rrrr"r...By 8'30, the stream had dried to a trickle as a few late-comersdribbled.into the gates. Before 9.00 a.m., the most ..grrtr. ,r., ofthe rural road would

,have not th" ,light.rt inkling rhat nearly

1 00o sombrely dressed men were gathe'red unseen in their midst.Meanwhile, a little later in the s"am. day, across ,, ,t . Urrlo,Buildings in Pretoria 5-0 km eway, a new South African primeMinister presided over his first Cabinet meeting. There, too, carsarrived and disgorged. their occupants who, clu"tchl"g ,fr.i, 6.i.Ccases, mounted the wide concrete steps and disappeir.d thror'rghthe portals of power.

:m-rndaP-rndrchro-,eaivehe:s-

439

The two apparently unconnected events had important com-

mon factors. The new Primc Minister, Mr P W Botha, presiding

over his cabinet collcagues, is a member of the organisation that

had mysteriously gathJred 50 km away, as are most of the men

*ho ,rt around the table with him that morning' The organisation

is, of coursc, the Broederbond'Both meetings, in different ways' were manifestations of

Afrikaner po*.i. With only one exception, the Cabinet consists of

Afrikaners wielding po*.. g,,'ted them by the-white South Afri-

cah electorate. With ,ro .*.eptions, the Broederbond meeting was

a gathering of Afrikaners. The poyel of the two organisations as-

,."*btirrg ih"t morrri.tg is m,t'ally dependent' Mr Botha must be

acutely i*r.. that, ev-en if he chooses to maintain a more distant

."trtiorr.t ip with the Broederbond than have his predecessors' he

cannot afford to alienate himself from it' To do so would be to an-

tagoniseanorganisationofinfluentialindividualsthatcouldeasilyconcert a nationwide backlash of well-placed Afrikaners' whose

Broeder loyalties and discipline would transcend any loyalty to

orr. ..rr.grde. Likewise, th; Broederbond is aware that' for the

continueJ achievement of its aims, a sympathetic Prime Minister

and cabinet is important. If the Broeder-cabinet relationship con-

tinues on traditional lines, the two will slot comfortably side-by-

side into an intimate liaison, exerting an horizontal influence on

each other, each mutually aware of th*e strength and importance of

the other and respectfuliy aware of their shared constraints'

By the end of that day, however, one of the partners in-that re-

lationship had been jaried by an intrusion into its carefully pro-

tected ,..r..y. The sombrely-dressed Broeders arriving at the or-

ganisation's tushveld shrine, a 100 hectare meeting place' domi-

iated by a huge hall built like a modern Dutch Reformed Church'

*ere shock.J to be confronted at the gates by two parked cars

containing a team of Sunday Times joutnalists' gathered there as a

result of i"nformation in thi authors' possession. As each car en-

tered the gates, its registration number was recorded' In turn' the

,.*rprp.i*en's car fegistration numbers were taken' They were

,tro ptr..d under ,rr,rJlr,,.t by uniformed army personnel man-

ning a military radio from a civilian mini-bus' One of the Sunday

Tiies carswas followed most of the way back toJohannesburg'

Later in the day, the authors and a photographer flew over the

secret venue in a helicopter' On their first circuit of the meeting

place, a handful of Broeders emerged from the church-like hall

440

a

om-dingthatmenrion

of-s ofln-,\-as

as-

beantheln-ili'xerohe:ET

n-

!'-)nrf

t-F

!-

5

I

r

II

li

The Broe derbon il' s t o p-se cr et, pnrp o se-builr r*7rrr*ffii-"*rffi '

fr"*,Johannesburg Sunday rimes ieli'cop,* i),),)i'iir' r978 Bondsraad

f,:i i.',','.*X?il*: YT:-'l'helicopter came round again, thev

The unwel.;;^.t:rHli'#.r,ok.d an unusual response. Thatnight the Broederbond issued " *r._.rr, to the press,l announc_ing that it had met. The ,r,"-. oiitl'-..rirrg had been The BattrePrepared.ness of the Afrika"rr. p^;;;; *.r. d.rr.red on the follow_ing subjects:

The total onslaushr against South Africa in the inrernational fierd;The srruggle for"rhe spirit of ttr. afrltrrr".;Acrivation of rhe youth;The quality of the Afrikaner's curtural contribution in this battre.Among other things, it was decided to publish a scientific_his_torical studv of the fiIst 50 y"r.;';;h;Broederbond (1918-1968).The study had been wri*en by e.of.rror A N perzer of the uni-versity of pretoria.

To the general press, unaware that the Sunday Times had beenmonitoring the meeting, ir was ,r, ,rr.*..ted windfall to receive astatement from the Broederbond. One'r,e*spaper had posters upall over Johannesburg,.proclaiming ,irt the Broeders had comeinto the open. Thev Jid^rrot ."rflr.-,fr.r, tha-t they ;;;';;y;rg,role in a clever ractical mo". b;;h; gr;"a.rUo,d to takeihe windout of the sails of the 1r1na3V

.*p.re rf,.y k".*;; ;;;r*. ,f,.following afrernoon, Th, st'o, ,[u;J;;.p".t saying the ,.highly

441

secretive Afrikaner Broederbond has taken the first step to bring

its activities more into the open'" It quoted the Broederbond

.hri.-rr, Professor Gerrit Viljoen, as saying it would be a "rea-

,orrUf" assumption" that the Jrganisation was moving more into

ii. op.r. Brlt h. immediately clast -shadows of doubt on that as-

.r-p'rio, when he ,rid ,ltho'gh there- were various reasons for

it i, .r.* openness he did not wish to discuss them'

The announcement that the organisation would publish its own

book was another tactical move - to counter //rls book' the pend-

;; p";li.;tion of which had been reported. in two Afrikaans

newspapers at that ti-t' ff" tactic adopted shgwe-{ T":lit""t'but not entirely ""*,-"pn'ach

by the-oiganisation to.breaches of

its secrecy. g,rt prof.;'; Vi5ot"l' 'efus"l to discuss the very fac-

tors which led to ,ii, ,"pp.red candour reveals the extent of the

,.fo.rrr"tio.r. All the Bro.i.rbord really announced in that state-

ment was what it knew three million Sunday Tim.es.readers were

;;;; to be told fi,r" J'y' l'ter' It is th.e authois' opinion that when

the heat of this .";";4, and the publicity that will accompany it

has cooled, the Broederbond wilf pursue its path of secrecy as en-

;;;.;i*lit as before. That is ce't"i'lv the pattern tl-:l:i-it'It has been lt, .t.rrtorn to respond to t*pott"t to scrutiny by ig-

noring it completefyi" 'f" to"ttt belief that' eventually' the pub-

ii.irv,".p.rating by its design into a vacuum' will fizzle out' Past

practice has been to quietly"ride.out the storm' while it effects an

internalrepairjob.rhishasentailedSettingitselfnewtargets'likean immediate increase in membership to pro" to its members that

Afrikaners were not antagonistic to the organisatto"' .'1d woulo

jump at the opportunity Jf accepting an invitation to join'

This was aimed at morale boosting inside the organisation and

will probably be done again' -Organisationally' new improved

methods of ,..r..y #rt ii'a'iablylntroduced' iuch as delivery of

.orr.rporra.r.. by hand for some time after the exposures' Activi-

des were ,...l.rrt.J,o t"tp members' attention fully occupied'

Thus, after the tOLl .'pot6', tht Executive set a target of R1-

million for the Ct rirtirrri de Wet Fund by 1968. This w-as achieved

and served tfr. "r.f"i ft"po" of diverting attention from public

criticism of the organisation's workings'"Treason" comLitted by members in giving away secrets' ls

felt deeply in the Broederbond' One gets th; impression that' after

the initial outburst of anger, an atmosphere of almost religious

mourning descends on thJmembers. Itls like a death in the fam-

442

:1)'

:ii t

Gor.1n

'.h,-.1'r(

rro

=J:

,i1'(----- 1tr

-\r:JI

:\.;-i,

T

:o bringlerbonda "rea-

rre intorhat as-ons for

irs ou'n: pend-rikaansnusual.;hes ofrv fac-of rhe

: srare-s \\-ereu-hen

,anr- itas en-ir.bl-ig-: puL'-- Pa,<r

cts ans. fikes tha:;ould

r anicrr-ej11- ,-.:

-ir-:-piec'R:-eve;.rbl::

ily' one of the Broeders - one of the hand-picked Super-Afrikan-ers _ has betraved them. rh. un;i;k";l;#;;;.".ti; spite ofall the stringent secrecy measures and oaths before each other andGod. Far from trying ,o u"a".rr*a *r, a Broeder wourd do suchan "ungodly,, thingl they dismisrl;", as a ..trairor,,, ro be ban_ished to an Afrikaner Limbo. ro th.-, the organisation cannot bewrong' because it is a gift fr"m coJ. It is during this time that theorganisation,s inner.strengrh and the beliefin i;?;ft;;:,.ru.a th.members through the crilis.

At the first subsequent Bondsraad meetine, deregates from a,over rhe countrv migirt.take prrt ir, , symboric exercise to reaffirmtheir loyalry to'eacliorfr., iriii.'ir.. "f rhe ,,treason.,,

Around acampfire under the starlit b"rhr.rJ ,ly, they might revive an ordAfrikaner tradition by piling ro;; ;;. on rop of the orher into arugged cairn. In tl .

p a s t, cem en ted 1,'"'.T':tlT r:i

%.i, ffi,I, ffl.T#**_;strength. After singing rhe aonariiri ^nd

the N"rr"rri i,th._,j,TI *. their separare ways, renewed, Ieaving behind their primi_trve, crude monument.Another tactic the organisation has employed to patch up cracksin its defences, is to.nrf. ...nb;;;;;r, a new oath of allegiance,reconfirming their absolute toyriry ,. it. p.,n.,;i;';;;..,,,.*"r_isation. They have dorr. this i*iJ."_'rfre past, and on both oc_casions only relatively few -"-U..r-aechned, thus cutting them_selves adrift from the Broederu""i .*r.s. The oath thus i..,o., ,dual purpose: it srrengtt.r* tlr. ;;;h" of the members who elecrto take it and, at the same time, calls thoso wfr.^ _"r"frlrr. U..r,

lJ,1:."}:I:*i#:" r"' v""' i";';il;'".. h.a,., opi..i,,i,v.

'w'hatever the tacdcs used on each respective occasion of crisis,the one immutable facror hrr..;;;;"J rrr. organisarion,s will rosustain itself in secrecy. yrry Afiik;;.;..will conccde that againstthe historical backeround ouirined i;;;, book there probabry wasa need for an ors;'nisatio" rik" iil;^;;o.a..uorra in the rwenries.

l_lr- r"o,ry,.th"y f.gr., the Afrikar; h;, political conrrol, he canprotect his language and is making *rr*..o.ro-ic progress. Therers no doubr that the vast majoriiy of Afrikaners wourd rike theBroederbond to become- an open cultural organisation. In a scien_tific study of attitudes of whites i" ri. rip.r-income bracket, onry26 per cent of Nationar.party:;p;;;;.;r"rated the Broederbond as"advantageous" to society, is ri"'. .."i regarded it as ,,detrimen_

'i .i

r-tie:1*s:e-

443

tal" , 19 per cent noted a "mixed" reaction and 37 per cent declined

to answer the question.2The question whether the Broederbond should drop its secrecy

has been mentioned from time to time in the organisation' but

never very seriously. The former chairman, Dr Piet Meyer' once

,p..,rl.t.i on the possibility that the Broederbond could "take the

Afrikaner into its confidence" to tell them what it has achieved -and to ask them for help to raise the Christiaan de Wet Fund to

R10-million. Nothing hrs ere. come of this' One of the founders'

Mt Henning Kloppe"., expressed the horror of the Broederbond

leaders .r..r"rt the-thought of opening the organisation'

At the 7968 Bondsrooi ^'"gris, he said: "Earlier today' there

was reference to the question asktl by many: has the Broederbond

not reached its aim with the attainment of the Republic? Has the

time not, perhaps, arrived, that we can disband or retire' to let

things develop naturally? If that is so, Broeders' we must ask our-

,.lrrJrt Who will give us the Government of the country? Who

*itt gi.,. us the fiLrr. Prime Ministers? Who must form them?

Wheie must they come from? Where will we find them ' ' ' Dare

somebodystillaskthequestion:hastheAfrikaner-Broederbondnot served its purpose? He dare not ask such a question! No

Broeder dare ask ,r.h , question! Remove the Afrikaner-Broeder

from the life of Afrikaneidom, and what remains ' ' And who is

the Republic? It is the Afrikaner-Broederbond's Broeders'"

In 1972 calls were made by the Afrikaans newspapets' Die Va-

derland and Rapporf, for the Broederbond to drop its secrecy' Both

calls were ,r..y ,.rr,rrive, published once, and never pursued with

any vigour. In the same year' the veteran polirical commentator'

Schalk Pienaar's memberihip was revealed' Mr Pienaar wrote that

this had caused him acute embarrassment. He posed the question

whether the Broederbond, because of an over-emphasis -on se-

.r..y,isnotitselftoblameforthefactthatsomuchscandaliscir-culated about it.

"The point is that in the general Afrikaner life' there is a

weighty question mark hanging ovet the Bond' The right or

*.olrg'of ih. question -r.k ir., be discussed, but the fact of the

q.r"r,[r, -rrk'.rrrot be reasoned away'" Pienaar said the belief

&i.t.d that members of the Bond possessed powers and privileges

in which Afrikaners of equally high rank did not share' Together

with this belief was the idea that the Bond was in a position to dic-

tate Government policy and action in the life of the Afrikaner.s

444

ined

rec\'but

,ncethe:d-Itoers.rnd

But the Broederbond never took serious note over the concernabout its secrecy - because s..r..f i, ir, g..rr.st weapon, as it ad_mits itself' As recently as 1.976, professor Gerrit viljoen said in hischairman's address: i,.W" .r, ,,rr.-,rrr_biguously that SouthAfrica and the Afrikaner never needed the Afrikaner Broederbondmore than today."It is clear, therefore, that it is wishful thinking to expect theBroederbond to change its role and drop irs secrecy. It has been ef-fective because it operated in secrecy, and its _._b.., *.." p.o_tecte{ by it. Very rittre of what rhey'had done, as described in thisbook could have been achieved ii their members had operaredopenly. The Broederbond,s stock reply is: y/hat about the Free_masons, or the Sons of England? This book conce.r, ,h. g.o"a.._

bond, and is based on facLal -rr".iri. perhaps such factual ma_terial about the Freemasons and the Sons of ingrand .orta ror-the basis of studies by other writers in frrr...Two myths about the Broederbond have now been exposed.Firstly, the claim that it is a purery curtu.ar organisation. v/hy theobsession with secrecy if it is ,., irr.ro..rt cultural organisation,and why can every Afrikaner *ho *.r^ well with hi! lrng.rageand culture not become a member? One is amazed, in fact, instudying the documenrs on how.little time the n.".a.rr'rp.nd onpurely cultural affairs. Almosr none of toary;, i#porrrr,Afrikaans aurhors - the beare., or trr.l"nguage and curture - be-long to the organisation. It was for the.*p..r, purpose of rookingafter the Afrikaner,s cultural inrerests ifrrrifr. FAK.was fo*.a bythe Broederbond' This left tt.- rr.- to give attention to armost

:t"ry other aspect of South African rife, ind ro pur th. n-.d..-bond stamp firmly on the R"prbli. ,t.y ...r,.a.Secondly, that the Broederbond is noi invorved in poritics. Theinfluence of the Broederbond and iir-'rt..f...r.. ii_, foiil., i,proved beyond doubt in this book. The evidence was supplied bythe Broederbond itself- in its own ,...., documents. There is alsoa naive belief in some circles that the Broederbond has lost its in-fluence. We could find no evidence oiifrir. On the conrrary, rheBroederbond appears as srrong and influen;;l ;; ;;;;.';, ".*Nationalist Prime Minister ,"i S,r,. president hrrr. ;,rrt b..,elected' No Nationalist can b..o-. prime Minister if he is not aBroeder - neither can he rule the .";;;;y effe-ively without theorganisation's support.

There is n<-r doubt that the Broederbond could, theoreticalrv at

rere

rndthelerur-hom?lrendioleris

drdr)r-

at}E

r-

:ir

fsr

I

f.f445

least, be an influentiil uerligte force, working for change in the

country. It has the brainpower in its ranks and through its think-tanks and unique organisation in the remotest corners of the

country, the way to influence public opinion. The present chair-

man, Professor Viljoen, is also more pragmatic than his predeces-

sors. The problem lies in the history and make-up of the Broeder-

bond. Sinle its formation, the Broederbond developed an obses-

sion with Afrikanerdom, that it must be protected, promoted and

that it must rule. Shortly after that, a new obsession - separation ofthe races - came to the fore. On these two pillars, the Bond

moulded itself and recruited members around it. The importance

of education and religion in moulding the minds of the people

necessitated heavy reciuitment in these areas. The result is that the

preponderance of members come from the most conservative ele-

-..rt, of Afrikaner society - teachers, ministers of religion, and

farmers.They cannot, and have no wish to, make any significant

changes. Every prerequisite for "change" in Broederbond docu-

-..rt, is that it must take place within the framework of separate

development. There is not a single exception to be found any-

*he... The uerligtes,like Professor viljoen and others, are captives

of a situatior. ih. whole organisation and its membership was

built on uerkrampte pillars, and there is very little room in which to

manoeuvre. This book is full of evidence ofjust how uerkramp the

Broederbond is, and the time test for Professor Viljoen's uerligtheid

would be for him to state in public with just how many of these

Broederbond pronouncements he disagrees.

A reader of the Rand Daily Mail wtote:"surprise VerligteI fini it surpr[ing rhat Professor Gerrit Viljoen, Rector of Rand

Afrikaans lJniversity, is cast in a uerligte mould by the RDM'4

Here is a man with a Broederbond background owing his position

to Broederbond backing and dedicated to maintaining permanent "

division in the ranks of South Africans through separate insti-

tutions from cradle to grave'..This man regards it as a great mistake to impose on blacks a

policy worked out by whites alone, yet goes on to assure us there

can be no power sharing and that Afrikaners will insist on separate

schools (for themselves) and separate residential areas (for all

whites)..,His million-dollar question: 'How do Afrikaners maintain

446

I theink-'

rherair-fces-

der-

'ses-andnofondmce

>Ple

theele-and

their identity if they lose power?, has an obvious answer _ bymaking rhemselves l,oved lr,rt.ra orJisliked btJ;;,';rra uy ,._cepting others as equal South Africans. Both of these concepts,however, are foreign to the g.".d;.bo.ra.,,The future of South Africa is inevitabry tied up berweenAfrikaner nationarism and utr.l

-'rr"tionarism. In Afrikanernationalism, the Rroederbond prays the dominant role - a role In-katha is progressively firing i"-Lir.t nadonarism. Inkatha wasformed in 1928, ren years afier the Broederbond; both .iri_ ,t,.yare culrural organisations. While Inkatha *r, dor_r;, {b. years,and was only revived in recent ti_., Uy Chief G;;;B;rhelezi,the Broederbond worked ary

""J .,ight to rake conrrol of thecountry' The difference now is that Inkatha has to work in theopen and will probably be banned if it becomes "

,".r.i orgrrrir_ation' Like the Broede.bond, r"t rtir-i, heavily i"""i".i",, p.ri-tics and in the end the cruciai qr.;;i;, for Souih ar.i.. _ry *arbe whether these two organisaiions can reach poritical accommo-dation which would ,rlirfy Uori ,ia.r. r, ,.._r-lr-rrfit.fyprospect.In fact, any kind of poriticar accommodation seems an unrikeryprospect while the Broederbond continues to play such an influ_ential role in the affairs of South Africa. Nationalist politicians are

T:i "f repearing, correctly, no,, frUfic platforms that SouthAfrica is a plural society, a society oi various cultures and races.

Il"I :rr:.stly tell theii public "uii.,r..r, correctly, that any sol_utlon to Sourh Africa,s complex problems must take account ofthis political reality. yet how'mr.f, .orrna.nce can one place in thesincerity of rheir procraimed d.ri;;;fird an equitable accommo-dation for all the el.m.nts of the poprtrrlor, when one knows thatthey are secretrv predged ,. ;;;-;e excrusive interests ofAfrikanerdom? How much faith can there be in their pubric urter-ances of conciliation, when one knows, or suspects, that in secretconclave the rear commitment remains Afrikaner domination? Itseems inevitabre that wh,e the Broederbond r".t, i.r.rir, ,rr.political surface in So.uth Africa, ,"y _or., towards dialogue willbe_fraught with suspicion and -ir;;";;.Doubts- are placed on much_vrr.rr.J exercises like the recenrmeedngs between profe.ssor Viljoen ,rrd D, Nthato Motlana, theprominenr Sowetan politicat fi!r... Rightty ;;-;;"dy,',r,...will be unavoidable toubts ,bJur th.'^r."r significance of suchtalks. On the one hand, th. -r, *ith-*ho_ they are dealing is

2ntcu-'ate

1\'-!-6r-as

,torheeid

.Se

nd{-r]nrrtri-

e

rereilI

447

recognised as a leading Afrikaner academic, described as a uerligte'

On the other hand, tfr.V know they are dealing with a man who

heads a secret orgarisatiuon, which firmly subscribes to' and was at

l.rst prrtly resp"onsible for, the policy of apartheid which,they

"qr'r"liy firmly i.je.t. Rightly or wrongly, doubts-can hardly be

.ip..*a to U. airp"tl.d i'he", shortly after such talks at the Rand

Afiikaans Univeriity, Dr Motlana was banned from addressing a

meeting at the lJniversity of the Witwatersrand' Can any move by

the Go"vernmcnt be trk.,' "t face value' or should it be judged in

terms of the National Party's overwhelming membership of a se-

cret organisation striving for Afrikaner interests?

U/h; the Afrikaarn Chrrrch pronounces on matters of national

imfortance, is it influenced by tire Broederbond, to which most of

its leaders belong? When appointments or Promotions.are made'

are they straightlorward rewards of competence and diligence' or

is some secret nepotism at work? Howe"et unkind' unwarranted'

or misguid.d ,r.h questions may in fact be, they w-ill continue to

exist as*long as any r...., presence is known to be flourishing be-

neath the tioubled srrf"c. of South African society. The authors

,gr". *ith the observation of Dr Brian du Toit' who in a socio-

lJgical study dealing with thc role of.secret societies in various

p"it, of the world, ir-. to the following conclusion:.

"A closed, or semi-closed organisation, originates in order to

fulfil a need in the society' When, however, the crisis is past' this

organisation must dissolve; otherwise, it grows like a cancer in the

soliety and causes internal dissension and feelings of suspicion' in-

justice and hostility among those -w-ho

are frustrated'"5' If ,h. hope of , t.rtirrf peaceful political solution for South

Africa is to have any prospect of achievement, many grotesque

distortions, historicai, rocillogic'I, economic and political'.will

have to be overcome. It is a formidable task for a country whose

reserves of human goodwill are already stretched' When to those

distortions ".e

addet the dimensions olmistrust and suspicion, tfre

hope enters the realm of wishful optimism - at best' an unreliable

agent for success.

1.

2.

3.4.

5.

SAPA, October 31978.Van der Merwe, H W, Ashley, MJ, Carton' N CJ' Huber' BJ' White South

AJrican Elites, P 146.Rapport, SePtcmber 24 1972.

Inside Mail, August 1 1978.

Beperkte LidmaaxkaP, P 2.

448

:,

ort

)

de

iI

ili

r..

)

S

5

"The Afrikaners . .. did have a tough time, they did have a srrug_gle, they did make a remarkable cJmeback, they are indisputablyon top - but somehow they have got to get over their feeiings ofvindictive triumph about it and stJp being as arroganr and brutalas they can be in their worst -o,,.rrr. In their b.rt"-o-"nts thereare.no.nicer... peopl:l.But they have got ro relax. Nobody canmake them do it, it will have to iome frJm within. i, _rV p"y,f,.Broederbond to issue a directive, because it is time for them tobegin to show a little maturity... That, too, is one of the fewgenuine ways to create na-tional unity. They can't g.t it *rth th.basic attitude too many of them still cling to.,,

Allen Drury, A Very Strange Society

)

il

449

Selected Bibliography

1' Brotz' H' The poritics oJ South Africa: Demo*acy and Raciar Diuersity, oxfordUnivcrsity press, 1977.2' cronje, G A,'n Tuistc uir die Nageslag, pubricite Handclsrekramediens, 1945.3. De Klerk, W A, The puritans ii'a1ril,-i"lican Books, 1976.4. Du Plessis, V/ C, Die Cue Draad-_ Op di, frrUpod uan ,nNasie, AfrikaansePers Boekhandelaars, 1970.5. Du Toit, Brian, Beperkte Lidmaatskap, 1955.6. Friedman, Bcrnard, Smuts: A Reapimisal, Hugh Keartla nd, 1975.7. Hancock, W K, Snars, The,FieH;;f Force, Cambrid,ge, 1962.8. Huddlestonc, Trevor, Na ught Jor your ComJort , Hardingham and Do,aldson,

Johanncsburg for Collins, London. lga6.9' Kestell' D E and Van vcldcn' J D, The peace Negotiations betwcen Bou and Bri-ton in South A,frica, R Clay, London, 1912.

10. Krriger, D W , The Mal<ing oJ a Nation, Macmillan, 1971 .

11. 5..:t*,R,Coodbye Dolly iray, pan Books, i977.L2' Malan, M p A' Die Nasiinare barty uan srl)-a1riuo. sy Stryd en sy prestasies,

Elsiesrivier, 1964.13. Malherbe, E G, Edumtion in South Africa, yol 2, Juta, 1,977.14. M_ilitary Intelligence R_eport on thc AJrikaner Broederbond, 1944.15' Naude, Louis, Dr Arbirt Hertzog, iri, Norlonote party en die Mynu,erker-s, Na-sionale Raad vir Trustecs, 1969.16' o'Meara' Dan, The AJrikaner Broederbond 1-927-194g: crass vanguards ttJAJrikaner Nationarism,Journal of Sourhern African Studies, iai,,'i'gll .77. P_elzer, A N (ed), Veru,oerd Aan Die Woord 194g_1962, 1963.18' Report of the D H Btttha Commission of Inquiry into secret organisations, 1964.19. Serfontein,J H p, Die Verbrampte Aanslag, Human & Rousscau, 1970.20' south AJrica in Traua,, South African tnriitrt" of Race Rerations, I97g.27' standard Entyclopaedia oJ southern Africa, yor.3, Nasionare of"*airrai*.Uitgewery, Cape Town, Nasionale Boekhandel, London, tgil.--22' Swart, CF.Poritieke profiele ten opsigte uan Kontempor,re Aangeleenthede uan dieBlanke Grootstederike Beuorking uon ii, witwatersrand, Rand Afrikaans Univcr_sity, 1977 .

23. The Speeches of Ceneral the Rt. Hon.J C Smuts, Truth Lcgion, 1941.24. Troup, F, South A-frica: An Historical Introduction, penguin Books, 1975.25. Y an den Heever, C M, Ceneraat J B M Hefizog, Afrikaanse pcrs Boekhandc_laars, 1,944.26. Yan der Merwc, H W, Ashley, MJ, Charton, N CJ, Huber ,B J, White SourhAfrican Elites, Juta, 1974.

451

27 . Y lrnder Pocl, J, Selections Jrom the Smuts Papers ' Y oI VII' Cambridge (Jntver-

sity Prcss, 1973.

n. vinJaarsveld, F A, van Riebeeck tot verwoerd 1552-1965 Inleiding tot die ces-

kiedenis uan die Republick uan Suid-AJrika, Voortrckkerpers' 1971'

V). Y anRooycn, J J, Die Nasionale Party - Sy Opkoms en Oorwinning - Kaapland se

Aandeel, Elsicsrivicr, 1956.

30. Van Seims, A, Church and Secret Organisations, pamphlet'

31' Vatcher, H w, White Laager, The.Rise oJ AJrikaner Nationalism, Pall Ma]I,

London, 1965.

32.Watts,HL,ASocialandDemographiPortraitofEnglish.SpeakingWhiteSouthAJricans,1974.

33. Wclsh, David and van der Mcrwe, H W (eds)' Student Perspectiues in South

Africa, CaPc Town, 1972.

34. l4rhat thc ioldicr Thinks, (Jnion Defence Forcc' 1944'

452

SELECTED INDEX

, e-(-

I -re

A1k^.IT1", W C, 218, 220,223,224,230,23s

African Teachers' Association of. ^South

Africa,218, 221, 226, 230Afrikaanse Handelsinstit uur, i31, 213,

287Afrikaanse Kuhuurvereniging. van die

Suid-Afrikaanse polisie, 27"1Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniging Volk

en Verdediging, 217Afrikaanse Nasionale Kultuurraad,

270Afrikaanse Nasionale Studentebond,

196,256,257Afrikaanse Studentebond , 143, 151,. 257, 271, 323, 369, 384, 394, 421

Afrikaanse Taal en Kultuurbond, 271Afrikaanse Taal en

. ^Kulruurvereniging, gg, gg, 1OO,27l

Afrikaanse Verpleegbond, 271Afrikaner-Ordc, 179ff, 420Afrik-aner Party, 93,109, 110, 111,

113, 117American Field Service. 26. l4gApostolicse Geloofsending van Suid_

Afrika, 373Arendse, M A, 165Atomic Energy Board, 13

Badenhorst, I F.420Barnard, a C, :t tBasson, P, 84Beetge, G, 1.79,181, 187, 1g9Bergins, WJ, 166Beukes, D P M,8,284,311,312,313Beukes, G,279Beyers, C F, 35, 41,42,43Biko. S, l, 27Bingle, H J J,261Rloomberg, C,320Booysen, G, 155Boshoff, C V/ H, 9.272,423BosholE J L, t6

Boshof[ S P, 362, 427Bosman, A J, 83Bosman, J J, 112,367Bo-tfra, D H, 329,331, 332,335,336,

337, 338Botha, L, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,

354Botla, M C, 131, 199,218,226,227,

229,259,260,274Botha, N F, 345Botha, P W, 1, 10, 11,174,275,440Botha, R C, 362Botha, R F, 10, 188Botha, SJ, 179Botha, S P, 181,275Botha, TJ N, 187, 189,362Bremer, K, 92Buitendag, C H, 306Buthelezi, Chief Gatsha, 227,447

Calvin, J,292, 293, 294Calvinistic Bond, 65Christiaan de Wet Fund, 112, 163,

367, 368, 370, 371, 386, 394, 44i,444

Christian Institute, 323Cillie Commission, 219, 227, 253Cillie, P, 188Citizen newspaper, 276Clark, W M, 119, 122.123,124,125,

128Cloete, J, 83Coetzee, J C,261Coetzee, J P, 14Coetzer, W B, 427, 428Coloured Federal Party, 163, 164,

165, 166,370Coloured Representative Council,

162, 165, 169Combrinck, J, 83Conradie, P V, 345Conroy, A, 81, 82, 84,93,110,124Cottesloe, 299,300

ilt.

eth

nh

453

Cowdrcy, R,279Cronjc. G. 1 13, 196. 197. 198, 199

Cruywagcn. W.240,267Cuyler, E, 9, 123

De Beer, M C,222,223De Jongh, T W, 14

De Klerk, B, 84

De Klerk, F W,7Dc Klerk, J, 15,239,274De Klerk, W J, 8, 273' 274

De Kock, M R, 307

De la Bat, R S, 15

De la Rey, J H, 35, 39,41, 42, 106

De Villiers, Dawie, 245,434, 436

De Villiers, D P,9' 14

De Villiers, D P (Lang Dawid), 14,

27sDe Villiers, J N, 15

De Villiers, R,222,224' 225

De Villiers. S, 12, 131

De Wet, C, 35, 36, 39, 40, 42, 43' 44

De Wet, H R W' 155

De Wet, J M, 8' 16

Delport, W, 181, 240' 241,245Diederichs, N, 14, 48, 76' 11'2' 113'

196, 199, 256, 266, 272, 421, 424'

425Die Eike, 362,368' 383, 41'9, 421

D'Oliveira, B, 241

Dominion PatY,77' 111

Donges, T E, 53, 90,91' 11'9,261,272

Dreyer, J G N, 303' 306

Dreyer, P S, 306

Drever,TF],306Du blessis. D H C, 45,98, 123,124,

1.25,126,345Du Plessis, F, i4Du Plessis, L J, 45, 48, 49, 110

Du Plessis, L L, 45' 46

Du Plessis, P T C, 10

Du Plessis, W C, 83, 84, 85, 87, 93,

427Du Preez, A B, 310DuToit,CWM,64

Edelstein. M,216' 225

Eiselen, W W M, 199, 2C0' 206, 272

Eloff,SJP, 1s5

Engelbrccht, J, 240En[elbrecht,MAN,220Engelbrecht, S P, 302' 306

454

Erasmus, F C, 119, 121

Erasmus, L J, 46

Erika Theron Commission, 28, 166,

167, 168, 169, 170, 172

Escom, 14

FAK, 59,65, 110, 130, 135, 147,148,

1g3, 194, 195, 213, 256, 257, 259,

269, 270, 27 1, 272, 273, 286, 345'

369,384,388, 391, 392,394, 418,

419,421,424,445Federale MYnbou, 185, 427

Federale Volksbeleggin gs, 14, 427'

429Fensham, F C,8Fischer, A, 39

Forsythe, D D, 84' 85

Fourie. I.43F.""maions. 25,65,73.85' 89, 109'

148, 149,150, 189, 304,311,313,314,326,327, 331,335, 413' 445

Fuchs, C D,129,131

Geldenhuys, F E O'Brien, 313

Geldenhuys, SJ V' 268

Gemsar, B,297 ' 298GenootskaP van Rhodesicsc

Afrikaners, 369

Gereformeerde Kerk, 373

Gericke, J S, 15, 132, 146,261' 279'

427Geyser, A S,297ffGoudstadse OnderwYskollege, 422'

423,424Gr^ ff, Sir de Villiers , 284' 326' 330

Greybe, J H, 48' 261

Greyling, C, 181

Greyling, E,258,261Grey Shirts. 77, 79

Groenewald. E P, 198

Grove, E L, 13

Hamman. E M, 15

Handhawersbond, 65

Hartbeesjeugterrein, 368, 369, 394

Hattingh, H S, 362, 395

Hattingh, J H, 152Havemann. B, 9

Havenga, N C,73,93, 94, 109' 110'

111,113,119Havward.SAS,9u.lkroodt. H W' 98, 123. 124,427

Helpmekaar, 65,270

8. 166,

17. 148,.2r9,. 345,, .119,

127.

279.

109,

313,.r-t5

Herbst, A I O.362Hcrcnigde-Nasionale p arty, 7 3, lO9,

110, 111, 113,198Herman, F, 181He.r-srigte Nasionalc party, 7, 20, 21,

1.19. 177ff, 241,242, Z+A, hz,'{%,412,420

H.,..,:oq,l, LZ, 72. t fi . t12. 1 l:.,tJ0, I3t, t77ff. 1s5.240.277.2i8,348, 420

H.:.jrgq,J P luI, 18, 36, 3s, 40, 44,

:9,:l flfr 76, 80. 83, 8s. 86. e3,e4,95.99.100. 102. 103. 104. t08,1g?, 119, 162, 177, zss, 26s, io4,322,332,355. 420

Heystcck, G, 161Hitler, Adole 76,78, 257, 2g7Hoek, B K de W. 10Hofmeyr, I H,84,94Honck,THV, 155Hoogendyk, p K, l4Horwood. O. 7, t42. 27gHuddlcstonc, T. 2g3. 2g5Hugo, G F, 261Hurrcr, J A, 427, 42g

Inkatha,447Iscor, 74, 274

Jansen, E G, 98, 102,103,118,19g,261

Janson, P,218Jaycees,3giJonathan, Chief Lcabua, 370Jong Suid-Afrika, 45, 433Jooste. C J.421Jooste, H le R, 345Jooste,J H, 187, 188.18g.412Joosre. M, 14. 4s, 274. 42JJu11.' !agngrtryers, 2t3. 27 t, ZB7,

384,39t,394,437

Kambule, W, 218, 223.225K.^Tp.j C G, 3s, 36, 41, 42, 43, 44,

81. 82Kerkbode,310, 348Keyter, J, 430Kissinger, H, 8Kitchener, Lord, 35Kl.gpne1. H J.2. 14.46, 48. 88, 8e,

,.98. e9, 1-04. 124. 141. 344. 34s, 444Knoerze. C H, l0Kok, B, 9, 15

Ko^9:h"! p J, 1s2, 163, 181,240,?lg.?!9. 24e. 2st.264. 26s.270,2^7.)

??^2 276. 321 . 326. 362, jst,4t9,423

Kotz6,GpC,307Kotze, T, 288Kriel, CJ, 16Krige, N, 10Krog, G, 9, 161Kruger, Jan, 128, 129Kru-ger, J T, 10, 226, 22g, 236, 241,

321, 362Kruger, Par:J,37,42Kuun, C du p,362, 42g

Labour Party, 1 11, 113, 117Labour Parry (Coloured), 1@, 165,

166, 168Laing, S, 267, 268Le Grange, L, 275Leighton, S M,279Le Roux, P K,239Lions International, 143, 14g, 149,

391,420L"3f,l9. I M.47. se. 8s. 86. ll2,

256. 259. 26e. 345, 41eLotz, J H, 306Loubser, J G H, 13. 424Louw, E, 53,119Luyt, L, 276

Miir:k1lly-:ir Europcse Immigrasi, .

152. 273, 274. 420Malan, A I. 83M1l_r":

P_1, 1, 17, 18, 43, 44, 4s, s3,::, lg. !8, 60. 63. 64.7 r.72.7'3,?1..e1.?e. r02, 103. r08, t0e, I t0,:!1, !!1, 117, 118, 136, 140,,144,',

- .162, 196, 198,257,284,327,346Malan, E,278Malan, M, 11

Malan, P J, 187Malherbc, E G,76.86. 93, 94Marais. A l, 427, 428Marais. EJ, 9. 15. 266,422Marais.J, t8l, 185. 187.240,24tMarais, MD, 14,427Marais. W T. l8l, lg5, lg7Mare, J A. 16Maree, G, 181Maree, S A, 369Maree, W A, 11Maritz, S G, 4i, 42, 43. 44

t))

3yJ

I 1(r-

455

Martins, T, 64,268Mclachlan, R, 273

Mciring, A M, 313

Mciring, J 8,261Merriman, i X, 39

Mcvcr. I A, 362, 436. 437

M"v.r, P 1,4' 5. 6.7. ll. 12' ll' 14'

16,25.i7.28. 48, I I l. I 13. 127.

128, 12s, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135,

136,137,138, 140, 144,145' 1'46,

163', 177,179, 180, 182, 183, r84,

185, 186, 188, 196, r98, 199' 201,

202, 203, 253, 256, 261, 265, 266'

277 , 279 , 280, 317 , 321 , 337 , 341 ,

z+2, z+1,348, 355, 356,362, 410,

421',423,424, 428, 430, 436, 444

Mcyer, W, 10

Mills,JHT, 10

Milnei, Lord,36' 38,91, 141,217'

2s3,291Mi.,",rork"..' Union, 108, 111' 112'

113,130,179,424Mischkc, E van H E, 12, 132

Moll, A M,348Monnie. H O, 11. 83

Moolnian, D T du P. 284

Moral Rearmament, 148

Motlana, N, 206, 236, 447, 448

Mouton, W L, 15

Muldcr, C, 10, 175, 181' 199' 240'

274Mulder, E S, 298, 302,303Mulder,HPP, 10,413Muller, H, 15, 427, 428

Muller. T F, 14, 274,427Munnik.LAPA,9

Nasel. R, 367

Naiionalistcbond, 315

Nasionalc Ieugleicrsinstituut' 273

Nasionale icu-gtaad, 272' 369' 384'

394Nasionale Pets, 14,274Nrtiorral ParrY, 2, 6, 7, 9, 12' 16' 18'

19,21,27 ,29,30, 40, 48, 49, 53'

58, 60, 79, 81, 82, 83, 86, 87, 93, -

94, 97, 102,103, 108, 109, 1r7,-119'

1,21, 1.22, r23, 127 ' 130, 135, 136,

137, 140, 141, 144' 1,45, 152, 157 '166, 174,175, 177, 179, 181, 183,

185, 186, 187, 188, 191,196,198,1g9, 1gg, 201, 203, 217, 239, 241,

243, 245,247 , 250, 253,257, 260,

456

261, 269,273, 274,281., 283' 284,

285, 293, 297 , 310, 315, 327 , 333'

33s, 336, 34s, 348, 355, 383, 391,

415" 424, 434, 443, 445' 447 ' 448

Nationalist, sec National Party- - - -

i.r;;;", B,'227 ,22s,288' 31off ,326Naudc, J F, 45, 292

Naude.SCM,264Naude, S J, 15, 279, 427, 430

Naudc, S M, 15, 279

is.rir, ZO, 77, 78' 79' 86, 93, 109' 121'

256NJ.rarit.. Gereformeerde Kerk' 8'^ -l

s- +s. ts5. 261, 27s. 283. 284. 292'

rrb rr l. 312, 313. 3t4.323' 324'

348.374N"d..duitt. Hervormdc Kcrk' 283''

ias, zst, 301, 302, 303, 304' 307'

308, 309, 314,324,373Neethling, P. 113

N.f, fta 6 d" W",' 199'200'272Nel.PRT, 12

New RePubli c PartY, 9' 374

Ni..f, W.45,48, 198' 257'258Nolte, AJ,306NoodhulPlisc, 143'Ni;;;'.

zo. i$. lso' ls l ' t6t. 256'

265,329,421

Oelofse, I C' 309

olivicr, 5 P. to' 161.267

5orth,rir..,, A G J' 297 ' 306' 307

Oosthuizen,GWT,306i)pp.r-r.,, R, 245, 246,252

Orrfer. C J,2645t..*.Uti"awag' 49' 77' 78' 79' 94'- si, loe, loe, io, 130,lee,256Otto, J, 240

Pauw, S, 430

Pellissier, S H, tz6, rz7P;i;;;, A N, 1s, 45' 135,1e3,1'e4'

195,367, 4r0, 419, 441

Perskor' 14,274, 424

Pienaar, 8,1'81,241Pienaar, D,120Pienaar, S, 188,444Poole, E, l1g,120,121' 128

Pont, A D, 187,302Po,.f,.f.t.o"rn UniversitY' 15' 48'

261Poteieter, E F, 12

Potliete., J E.284

._: li

J\

-_-: - 1

-'q

:

:-

;-:,,i.r::: :

&+.

5J.91.+8

r26

.12r.

i. 8.lo,

2-1.

Potgicter, J W, 48Prctorius, W J,275Prog-ressive Federal party, 373Purified National party, 56,5g,62,

63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69,71,72. gs

Qoboza, P, 236, 2BB

Rand Afrikaans univcrsity, g, 14, 4g,266,273,279, 422, 423, 424, 446,448

Rapportrycrs, 143, 146, 213, 243, 24g,271,287,384,391, 412, 420, 421

Ras, F H, 306Raubenheimer, B, 181Rautenbach, G F,318Rautenbach, P S, 10Red Cross, 143Rcddingsdaadbond, 1 i0, 130, 270, 425Reinecke, S, 181Reitz, D, 35Rcpublican Bond, 65Rctief, F P lc R, 272,362Reticf, G J, 345Rhodes (Jnivcrsity, 266,282, 422Riekcrt, P J, 10, 109, 27()Roos, G, 119, 126, 127, 129, 12gRotary, 25, 143, 149, 150, 3gt, 420Round Table, 25, 148, 149,391Rousseau, G J,229,230Rousseau, P E, 14, 188,427Roux, A, 13, 14Ruiterwag, 369, 379, 388, 391, 396,

420,421,430ffRupcrt, A, 15, 130, 188,42g

S A Armaments Board, 9Saambou Nasionaal, 362, 371, 42gsA!c, 10, 11, 12, 13, 26, 48,77, 1ls,

126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132,168, 177, 179, 186, 213, 235,277.279, 282,283, 286, 288, 321, 347,423, 424, 430, 437

Sabra, 9, 20, 195, 201, 214, 269, 272,273,287, 369, 421

Sadic, N C, 181Samuels, H J,9, 14Sanlam, 14,429Santam, 429Sasol, 9, i4Sauer, P, 119,123,198Schickerling, W G, 10Schlebusch Commission, 151. 32g

Schoeman, B, 119Schoeman, H J,273Schoeman, J j. 385Scholtz, P J F,14,427,429Schutte, J H T, 12, 131, 132, 146,279Seegars, L S, 12, 132Serfontein, J HP,321Smit, H, 167Smit, H A,306Smit, P M, 181, 285,306Smithfield Address, 53ff,86, 276,

322,332Smuts, J C, 18, 35, 36,39, 42, 44, 53,

1?, 72.73,76ff, ee, 102, 103, to4,108, 109, 111, 113, "117, 120, 123,

- 140, 192, 199, 255, 257, 311, 322,427Snijders, HJ C, 313Sons of England, 85, 87, 89, 326, 327,

331,335, 445South African Institute of Race

R-elations, 195,219, 222, 223, 224,226, 228, 230, 253, 288

South African party. 39, 40, 44Sourh West Africa/Namib ia. 2g, 40,

41,76,94Soweto, 1, 10, 27, 206, 216ff, 253,260Stals, AJ, 119Stander, J H,26'lSteyl, J H,274Steyn, B J,12,132Steyn, H S, 264Steyn, M, 7Steyn, M T,35,39Steyn, W I, 10Stofberg, L, 181, 185Straszacker, R L, 14, 15Strijdom, J G, 1, 18, 53, 60, 64,82,

118, 136,298, 346, 348Swanepoel,J. N, 12, 1Zg, 131Swart, C R, 18, 53, 60, 64, g7, 1Og,

118Swart, J H, 18i, 318,362Swarrz, T, 163, 164, 165

Terblanche, J D Y,263Terreblanchc, SJ, l1Theron Commission, sec Erika

Theron CommissionThom, H B, 48, 137, 272, 279, 430Treurnicht, A P,48, 143, 1g5, 1g6,

202, 221, 222, 224, 226, 242, 246,249, 254, 261, 264, 267, 273, 348,349, 351 , 352, 356

R1

-t7.

91.

457

Truth Legion, 85, 87

Tsafendas, 5

Uniediensburo, 366, 367, 384

United Party, 20, 57, 62' 64, 68,73'81, 82, 83, 93,103,113,117,124,257, 260, 278, 326, 329, 354, 415

Univcrsity of CaPc -lown,267

University of Durban-Wcstville, 16,

1,61.,267University of Fort f{a;.c, 16,267University of Port Eiizabcth, 9, 15,

266, 422,423University of Pretoria, 15, 297 ' 301,

302,310, 413, 441

University of Stcllenbosch, 8, 9' 15,

48, 195, 279,430University of Natal, 93, 159' 227, 279

University of the North, 16,267University of the Orangc Free State,

9, 15,279, 425(Jnivcrsity of thc Western CaPe, 16,

267University of thc Witwa rersrand, 22'7,

265.267,309, 320, 423' 448

Univcrsity of Zululand, 16' 267

Van den Bcrgh, C L, 306

Van den Bergh, HJ, 10, 11' 109, 181'

316,318, 412Van den Bergh, M J, 181

Van der Merwe, A J, 188

Van der Merwe, C H S, 155

Van der Merwe, C V,275Van der Merwe, D, 181

Van der Mcrwe, H D K,273Van der Mcrwe, H W, 44, 345

Van der Merwe, NJ, 18' 53' 58, 60,

64,71, 109,270Van der Merwe, S, 10

Van der Merwe, S W, 9

Van der SPrY, J P,50, 132' 362, 423

Van der Walt, J P A, 129

Van der Walt, L, 163

Van der Walt, T, 15

Van der Westhuizen, J H, 10

Van Heerden, T, 12, 1,31

Van Heerden, W ' 275' 427

Van Niekerk, L E B, 46

Van Niekerk, 5,9,268, 424

Van Niekerk, W A, 9Van Rensburg , H, 77 ' 109, 110, 111'

256

458

Van Rensburg, M C, 146,279Van Rensburg, N, 41, 42, 106

Van Rooy, J C,2,8,48, 59,61', 62'

85, 109, 112,259,331, 427

Van Ryneveld, P, 121

Van Schalkr,r'yk, D P J, 306

Van Selms, A,302, 31.3' 314, 413

Van StemPvoort, P A, 302, 308

Van Tonder, A,362Van Wyk, A C, 9

Y an Zyl. F J. 301

Vermooten, I J, 14, i67verwoerd. HF, t,4, 5, 18, 22,48'

49,50, 53, 56,60, 119, 130, 131,

133, 136, 137, 138, 140, 16?, 163,

179,181,,182, 184,185, 186, 199,

2oo, 203,208, 214, 239,240,272'284. 285, 298, 299, 326' 327 , 328'

329, 330,331., 332, 336, 337, 346'421, 423, 424

Vilioen. G. 8. 14, 23, 28' 48. 138' 204'

ioo, z+g,2.66. 273. 274. 356. 3e2.

424, 442, 445, 446, 447

Viljoen, M,9,274Visser, AJ, 181

Volker, V, 181

Volkskas, 49, 112' 148' 367,371' 427

Vorster, BJ, 1,4, 5,6,7,10, 11, 15-'

18, 1,9, 7i, 1og, 1'31, 1,43, 144, 162,

16i, 166, 177, 181, 182' 183' 184'

185, 188, 189, 190, 199,202,204'214, 227, 240, 242, 243, 244' 245,

246:. 248, 273, 282, 329' 338, 348'

352.353,355, 410' 424

Vorster, J D,79, 284

Voortre(kcrs, 65, 105, 143, 271 , 272'

394, 419, 420,421Vryburgers, 391

Waring, F, 240, 245, 246

Wasseiaar, A D, 14, 15,275,427,428Waterson, S F, 124

Weber. P A.275Weilbach, J, 10

Wessels,PLJ, 155

V/ilsenach, N P, 224

Wolmarans, H P, 261

Woods, D, 288

Worst, G, 261

Yssel, G, 12, 132

Ziervogel, F, 1.12

a\+.

APPENDIX

Broederbond Membership List

The following l!g!gf members of the Broederbond is, by far, the most com-plete ever published. over the years, not more than 400 names havebeen published in newspapers - this rist contains about 7 500 names.This represents about 6Oi1o s1 the organisation,s memOeisiip. fnenames not available were those who joined before 1962/r gffi, ;ilept incases where they were nominated toi tne Executive, or were mentionedror some reason or other in the documents. lt was impossible for theauth.ors to.trace the progress or movements of the 7 500 members. TheI:I]ll"it]g the rist is, therefore, contained in the date at which a personoecame a member - a teacher who joined in 1 g62 might by now be a pro-1.,:.,.:l^l,lyniversity. Readers who want to trace tne niemOersnip ot an in_orvrouar must, therefore, know his initials and something of his back_ground.

.. The list.contains, from the reft, the name, initiars, age, address, occupa-tiol;-I"lr^,lyhictrhe joined and where he lived preri6r'sfV.-, t.n9 member's age, occupation and address apply to fhe year in whichhe joined.

., Although evefihing possibre has been done to ensure the accuracy ofthe list,.it is possibre that some of the names circutateoty tne aioeoer-bond did not become members. others courd have-oe"'n-eiperieo, o,resgned without it being reflected.The fact of the matter is, however, that these names appear in Broeder-bond documents as members of the orginisation ,i'sor" ii.g" o,

]!

A1

Broederbond MembershiP List

AlOrl" p.t-.,31 , Sanlam Nylstroom, Streeksbestuurder 1975' Groblersdal

R.X"tr.n J.J., 41 , Krabfontein Hanover, Boer, 1975' Pretoriap,.l"trrn J M., 34 N G Gemeente Pk Vanzylsrus' Predikant' 1 967' Bredasdorp

Ackerman p.C., 30, prL cnivsrer votorkorp'Pretoria, Bestuurder Markbeplanning' 1976

Ackerman T L, 40, pres steinsiiait-t B"tnrli.i votkskas. Bestuurder. 1 971, Pretoria

Ackermann D J, 32, VolkskZs Sannieshof, Rekenmeester' 1968' Petrusvillg ,.,

Ackermann N C,32, pln r.r cGrx skuilkrans pretoria, Predikant, 1973, Fochville

al".i"itr K 42, Universiteit van Pretoria, Professor' 1974' Johannesburg

nS""b".n fl p w, ag, Avontuur A PK Wallekraal' Boer' 1967' Garies

nEenUacn H P M, 39, Hoerskool Vredendal, Onderwyser' 1967' Lutzville

oX""[r"nt L f. SO, S n Polisie Calvinia, Dist Kommandant' 1965' Garies

;#;; i i ig, o"pt o.derwvs Kuns & wet Pretoria' Studiebeampte 1967 .

ffi;ffi "p

J, 3r, F7i's-x*itii oowe Bantoe-Kinders Witsieshoek, onderhoof' 1977

Knvsna & Worcesterngqe'niacn G A, 32, M6relig Bredas{orp Boer 1966' Garies

LELi. C H, 42, Dirleton Walerpoort, Boer, 1976, Bellast Dist

nnfers U J, 37, Hodrskool Lyttleton, Onderhoof' 1964' Pretoria

Albers J B. 33. Broedershoek N/elmoth, Boer, 1965

niOerts e C, 26, Yskor Pretoria, lngenieur, 1967'Thabazimbi

Alberts H W, 32, P/A Vf rn,s-ipaiiie[Fotchelstroom/lndi6r & Kleurlingsake, Bestuurder'

1975, WitbankAlbertsHWN,39,Perseell4gDerdepoortionderwyskollegePretoria,SnrLektor,l9T0.

CalitzdorPnfOeris J L'V, 33, Prrm6re Skool Windhoek, Onderwyser' 1964'Gobabis

Atbertse G J J, 38, pze r_aiJio regn oi"n.t" Lutzvile, Navor Beampte, 1976'

StellenboschAlbertse G P S, 30, Waverleyweg 24A Bloemtontein' Prokureur' 1965

nfnurtyn C,41, Doornstraarbl'Irborpark, N G Pre'ctikant' 1972' Despatch

nfn.,tyn C F (Lid Nr 1759), Porterville, Redakleur/Boer

nio"rtvn f C ior) Lid U R Nie-Blanke Kommissie 1973

Albertyn J T, 46 Lourensrivierweg 67 Strand,.L V'.1977

nin"iiw,1a, N G Kerk Worcestei-Vallei, Predikant' 1967' Carnarvon

nff"it lrf I R,43, P/A Volkskas Venterstad, Bestuurder' 1977' Alberton

Ailison G L, 38, Atemeinw.g ii p"'t Shepstone Konslruksie Kontrakteur, 1974' Boksburg

Anderson A, 31, P/A Aunk 'iO OVS Bloemlontein, Bemarkingsbestuurder' 1973' Ladybrand

n.O"ri"^ H J R 48, Depi Verdediging Pretoria' Majoor' 1966' Bloemfontein

A;;;,;;; L A P,38, P/A w N N R Pretoria, Navorser' 1e68 7

Anderson N C,34, P/A Ag;ic;;a Bpk Silverston' Tegniese Beampte' 1964' Barberton

Ankiewicz L, 32, Barnardskop PK Villiers, Boer' I974

Rnnandate H J L, 31, Pospeisoneel Mtubatuba' Klerk' .l 967' Dundee

epp"r M J F, 34, Santam braat{-Rernet, Bestuurder' 1966' Pretoria

Affi;ig;fi A C, 45 Rusoord PK Pom Pom Vryburg' Boer/Slagter' 1967

AI;.gi"; J,38, P/A u o v S Bloemlontein, Snr Lektor' 1975' Potchelstroom

Archer A, 27, Morelighostel Moorreesburg, Onderwyser' 1966' Stellenbosch

Archer A H, 40, Settiement Trompsburg, Boer, 1969

Archer J, 40, V D verwestiaat Zi XiOtirparx Johannesburg' Skoolhoof' 1 977

Archer W E C, 38, Badslontein Trompsburg, Boer' .l 964

Arendt F W, 3serhoof, 1968, Witbanknr.".p ur w w, se, .Jul;k;iraan14 F^"^'^"'" Benoni' Tandlegnikus' 1971 ' Delmas

Johannesburg

A2

r,9 1976IOr a

ig

3i'

r 19r:

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NT

Aucamp P.32,p/A p U vir C H O potchefstroom, Bibliotekaris, 1969, DurbanAucamp p, 35, Brink Roos & ou roit e;riviG "5roii.u,

r szoAucamp p J, 31. Doncaslerweg 3 Nigei o;;"r*;;,. t968, potchefstroomAucamp R S, 30, Geret pastoril Mrd;etburg i p,'ir"edikant, j977Aucamp W, 38, p/A Landdroskantoo, H"nienr.n, Landdros, lgZ5, pretoriaAucamp w A s,42, p/A Sanram aroemr;ntein fr'yxsbestuurder, 1964, coresbergAugustyn p J, 32, S A porisie

- versekeilngstonds iretoria, Asst sekretaris, rg64, wiilistonAuret A de T,26, Lucasvleivlakte potaOOJr, goe,t fdZSAuret F deT,44, posbus Z pofadder, SakeranTgoer, 1966, Die Strandori8il ?.1,r;r*romstraar

B Atexanderbi"iU St"rt. ,irrrriare oerweiy, rnsta,sie Voorman,

Auret J P,31, Cam Kiddiestraat S Kimberley, Onderwyser, t97.1 , Gariesvenant P J, 27, Seunshost-etJvlossetbaa,, OnOu,*yi", 1966, paarlAyres J 48, o'Haraweg 13 Turffonteinlbi".r"""i rrl"tors, Adm Bestuurder, i976,Johannesburq

BBaard A P, 32, Mediese Forum port Elizabeth, Geneesheer, l 967, StellenboschBaard c, 34, p/A wirwatersrandse Koilege vii cluoioerou r"g.i"; o.o.ii,!, oo.ent1975, Vanderbijtpark

!a3rO { A, Kaapstad, Het Bondsraad in 1 966 bygewoon,Pl?:t 9 F,.3!

.Gogdehooptaan z Roberrson, o,ijerwvser, rgz+uaoenhorst A A, 34, Hoerskool Louis Trichardt, Onderwyser, 1965, NylstroomBadenhort A B, 25, Grensstraat sO earys,OnOei*yr"i rszz HolshausBadenhorst B J G w, 32, saambou-Nasionategou;enrging, potchefstroom Bereggings-bestuurder,1974, Bloemfontein

Badenhorst C H, 33, Waaikraal Belfast, Boer, 1975Badenhorst C H J, 43, p/A Noord_Kaapse B Ri neB tgZS postmasburgBadenhorst D B R, Lid van Uitvoerend" naiO s" ninta Kommissie l973Badenhorst D H, 46, p/A S A S & H Upington,-St..i.....r"r, .l

969, GraskopBadenhorst F H B, 47, p/A Dept van Lun'oo,iri"g;biJnste potchef stroom, Tegnikus, r 965StellenboschBadenhorst F J, 33, Oranjestraat 7. Oberholzer, Onderwyser. 1g75, Herdelbero TvlBadenhorst F J. 42. Mahemsvtei Kterksdorp goei, idOSBadenhorst H J, 34, De wetstraat zz atoeianle-Uitor.ioing Arberton, Geneesheer1977, BellvitteBadenhorst H J,38, V D LindestraatAnnlin pretoria, Besturende Direkteur, l977Badenhorst J A C, 28, Newmansfordtaad 2 O;;;;;;rk Butawayo, N G predikant, 1974,WitbankBadenhorst J B, 37, p/A Hoorskool Vredenburg, Onderwyser, t 967, AlberfiniaBadenhorst J F P, (Lid Nr r949) skoorhoof - dor<snuis-Noord - vooig"rt"r u R 1968/Hool van VoortrekkersBadenhorst { H, 46, Tochgekregen Dewetsdorp, Boer,1974tsadenhorst J J 46, Dept Arbeid pielermaritzburg, Asst rnspekteur, 1966, BroemfonteinBadenhorst J P. 37, p/A usko Aruminiumkorporisie-Richardsbaai, Voorman/passer,'I 976, VanderbijlparkBadenhorst L J, 31, P/A Noordwes Ko^cip Lichtenburg, lnspekteur, 1965, DelareyvilleBadenhorst L P, 37, Zondachsfontein Ogies, Boer, ldllBadenhorst Piet, Wolmaransstad, Skooliispekteur, t966Badenhorst P C, 29, pan pK Komatipoort,'Boer, 1g74, pretoriaBadenhorst P J w, 31, P/A s A weeimag wersynsdiens/s A vroot, wersynsoff isier, rg74PretoriaBadenhorst P p, 37, p/A Afderingsraad springbok, sekretaris, .r g67, HumansdorpBadenhorst z B, 4s, N G Kerk chrismar Beilv'itte, predikant, r goz, iirb"rGy

-- "Baker l_D 29 H/V Vrystaat- & Krugerstraat standerton, vise-Hoof, rgzz HeioeroergBakker P c, 36, P/A Ho6r Tegn & Hinderskoor Vereeniging, onderwyser, r si+, BoinaviileBakkes Jir/ 32, Greystraat iarkastad, Onderwyser, 1 g71, Kroonstaduarker E R, 42, Brenheimweg 51 pinetown/p/A Brownskoor pinetown, Adlunk-Hoof , 1g76,Standerlon

A3

Barkhuizen A J, 44, P/A Nedersetting charlesville, Boer/superrntendent, 1974,

Jagers{onteinBark[uizen P, 30, Loubad Distr Waterberg, Asst Sekretarrs NTK, 1977

Barkhuizen P R, 26, Darlingslraat 29 Muriaysburg, Landdros (Waarnemende)' 1977'

SwellendamBainard A T, P/A Santam Kaapstad, Belleggingsekretaris, 1964' Pretoria

Barnard B J H, 37, HoeweT Pumulant Landbou;Uoewes Pretoria, Navorser/Onderstepoort'

1973, DelmasBarnard C J,37, N H Weeshuis Krugersdorp, Huisvader, 1966' Vanderbijlpark

Barnard C N,33, Maraisstraat zt xr-oonstao/S A U K, lngenieur 1976, J-ohannesburg

Airn;rO D A,31, prov Koshuis Joubertstraat B Witrivier, Onderwyser, 1971, Delmas

Barnard F, 30, Lancestraat 11 Baysville oos-Londen, Bourekenaar, 1976, Bloemlontein

A;rnarO G H ,41. P/A Ho6rskool Villiers, Skoolhoof, 1977, Pretoria

Barnard H D,38, N G Pastorie Vredendal' Predikant, 1970' Swellendam

AarnarO H J, 37, S A Polisie Preloria, Kaptein, 1968, Kaapstad

Barnard H M J,30, Kameeldrif PK Corona (Brits), Boer, 1976

girnarO J L, 37, Prinshof Skool Preloria, Vise-Hoof, 1977' Bellast

BarnardJP,4l,AlfredstraatTTStutterheim,NGPredikant,l9T3,Babanangoa.rnrrJ L C, +g, Goudveldse Hodrskool Roodepoort, Onderwyser' 1965

Barnard M C, 32, Omega Umtali, Boer, .l 966

girnaro M c 34 p/A Borman Snyman & Barnard potgietersrus, Prokureur 1968

airniro M c 34 p/A opteidingkoilege weilinglon, Dosent, 1974, Warrenton

ArrnirO M J, 3l, P/A N P van "Nalal

burban, Hoofsekretaris 1968, Pietermaritzburg

Barnard P J. 30. Sesdelaan 4A Mellville/H06rSkool Vorentoe JohannesbUrg, onderwyser,

1970, PretoriaBarnard P J, 33, Universiteit Pretoria, Student,

.1 969, Swellendam

Barnard P R,34 Liebenbergstraat Upington, Geneesheer, 1970

eirn;rO S G, 33, BadenhoriGtraat tbs."Fairland Johannesburg, Vise-Hoo{, 1976, Florida

grrn.r;is, az P U virCH o Potcheistroom, Professor, 197s'Fochville

Barnard w, 47, p / A Nywerheidiald sentraal wes-Koop Kroonstad, Hoolbestuurder, 1 968,

Otavi S W ABarnard W A, 37, Turnerstraat 3 Delahaye Bellville/Sanlam, BeStUUrder Personeel, 1977

AarnarOWHM,43,Posbusl55Upington,Boer/Vervoerkontr'1967'OudlshoornBirnardo D J, 45, Sendingpastorie Koppies, Sendeling' 1964 Villiers

Barnardo J, u p E xampui somerstra'nd port Elizabeth - (skakel by I P E 4.2.76\

BarnardtTH,35,HuisJordaanLingenstraatKaapstad,Onderwyser'1970'UniondaleBarry R v R, Calitzdorp Gereelde skakel by afdelingsraadkongresse

A.tty R v n, SO, P/A iloelou Barry Motors R-obertso-n, Sakeman' 1967

g;dl"rrn T W 33, Goedemoed Marquard, Boer' I967, Virginia

AartonnP,3g,Jessiestraat.lgChrismarBellville,Klerk'.1966'Kaapstadaas'onnJ,38,P/ANGGemeentePietersburg.Noord,Predikant,lgT4,JanKempdorpa"ison n J (Lid Nr 4075) Piketberg - Boer - (V-oorgestel U H 19-68)

^B;;;. A L,'33, Munisipatiteit Stel6nbosch, Asst Sradstesourier,

.l 964, Standertongisson C J J,33, Hoerst<ool Langenhoven Pretoria, Onderwyser' 1965gisson O S, 35, Universiteit Stellenbosch, Dosent, '1 976, Oudtshoorngriton O C, 40, Laerskool Grootfontein, Onderwyser, 1965' Omaruru

Basson G C,39, BoeXennouisrraat 25 Birchleigh, Snr Uitgewer Perskor' 1971 , Pretoria "

Basson H p,27, Bromptonweg 1g, Bloemlontein/N G Gemeente De Bloem, Predikant,

1971, StellenboschBassonJA,42,Durbanstraat6l,Worcester/SA.S-&H'Werksvoorman'1976'UitenhageBasson J A,32, Ramonai*, ia+, Erasmusrand/P/A Von Wielligh & Verba Preloria'

lngenieur, I976,AasJon "l H, SZ, pln S A Polisie Brandfort, Luitenant'

.1 975' Pretoria

B;;; .l i'(aasie), gg, l-ong;in +39 Ferndale Randburg' Eiendomsagent' 1975'

BloemlonteinBassonM,30,P/ADeptLandbouTegnDiensteMiddelburgTVl,Voorligtingsbeampte,

1 964,Preloria

Aasson M H M,30, Baviaansklool PK Eendekuil' Boer' 1969

Basson M M,32, H r S N-OieJerichs Krugersdorp, onderwyser, 1968, Randfontein

A4

rpoorl

lurg,S)1lern

Basson N J S, 31 , Onderwyskollege pretoria, Dosent, 1967Basson N J S, 41 , Holgatfonlein tiiget, Soer, t SZO, OevonBasson P A, 29, Rheboksdam Matmesbury, eoer, iSOaBasson S P 29. Langzeekoegat Devon, Bber, I 964tsasson s w,49, p/A Montagu;Eksekuteurskamer Barrydare, Takbestuurder, 1967,MontaguBasson W D, 37, p/A Laerskool Eendrachl, Skoolhoof, l969, EvanderBasson Y.H, 46_ Bosjeskop Nelspruit, Boer, 1975, VentersdorpBecker J M, 33, Ericastraat 4 parow-Noord

- (Finansies) (Med Nav) Asst sekretaris, .1 977Becker R C, 44, p / A Weaktey g pggfq Orliwarongo, Rekenmeester, 1969, OurloBedrord J A,25, privaalsak 81 4 Witsieshoe't<, Asst"Rekenmeesterrg)r,-p6to.aBedford J A, Departement van Bantoe_administrasie & ontwikkeling, ArnOu,I giZBeetge A ? St 35r Van Zylsrraar l 6. Rusrenburg, N G predikanr, r gii v,lioui .[roonBeetgeGP,36,potgieterstraat11AEasileighlEdenvare),wes-RandseBARaad,1g77,

HalfweghuisBeezhold P E, 32, p/A S A Weermag pretoria, Kolonel (tNG), 1975Behr P J, 42 D F Maranrvraan.Sands.-pruit pK Honeydew, Diamantsryper, 1972, RandburgBekker A, 32 Lu_gmagbasis Bloemsprurt, Majoor, 1g74, ysterplaatBekker C J,24.P/A Hoerskool van Kerken Bloemf,cntein Onderwyser, 1965Bekker E H, 40, Harmony Goudmyn Virginia, Hoofgeoloog, f SZ+, iooOepoortBekker G, 48, Rosstands Cotesbeig, aoi, ig/0,-n]etoronBekker H o, 28, N G pastorre pietermaritzburg ereditant 1970, JohannesburgBekker I L,29, Geref Kerk Sinoia Rhodesiei, pieOikant, 1977, potchefstroomBekker J A, 35, Uitval oor Kuruman, Boer, i 973Bekker J B, 35, p/A Bekker Rollermeule Bethal Sakeman, 1965Bekker J H, 33. Kabolk Uoington Boer/Onderwyi",. f SZZ KimberleyBekker J H. 34. Doringbos Rl'etbron, eoer igll'--Bekker L P, 41 , p /A N G pastorie Ctanwi,iam, predikanl, 1974, SteilenboschBekker M J Calitzdorp Senator (Ltd nr.2Oj2)Bekker M J,35, P/A Volkskas petrus Steyn, Rekenmeester, 1974, HarrismithBekker P M,60, P/A Onderstepoort pretoria, Skeikundige, 196gBekker P M,29,p/A Universitert preloria, Snr Lektor/Advokaat, 1974Bell G M, 30, Kendal 28 Eversdal Durbanville, Geneesneer tgZZP.ll I !, 2& Kighrteysrraat 28 Brandforr, Onderwysei, 1967, BothaviileBell J W, 38, Esperanto Ceres, Boer, I 965, SenelalBenade A J S,36, euentinweg 13, Robertsham Johannesburg, Fisioloog, 1975,BraamlonteinBenade D v d M, Lid U R Ekonomiese Kommissie 1g73Benade J G,34, P/A witwatersrandse Tegn Kortege Johannesburg, Snr Lektor, .r

968,Petrus SteynBenade J G, (Lid Nr 10657), putneyweg .19 Rossmore Johannesburg, Snr LektorBerade J G,46 s A s rugappetraio,a"oxsourjvooriestet vir die U.R., voorsitter, i976,TsumebBenade J M (Lid-Nr 1732), Rustenburg-Noord, predikant, .1965tsen^ade ? T 39 Signailaan 5 p/A Ho6rskoor Vryburger (Erandsfontein), Adjunk-Hoof,'I 975. AlbertonBenade s J, 38, P/A Munisrpariteit vanderbijrpark, stadstesourrer, 1967, BoksburgBenade Z L, 44, p/A Ho6r Tegn Skool fom'NauOe piet"irO*glWrrr" fi*i, jgZO

JohannesburgBenecke F C,33, yorkstraat 26 Nigel, Onderwyser, 1977, TzaneenBeneke C F, 34, Tradouw p K Afriklskop, eoei, t 96S, xestettBeneke M J, 36, Sitrus Kdop Malelane, gestuurOei

-i964, patentie

Ae.qefg S J, 38, P/A Tegn Afd Hoofposkantoor Mtubaiuba, p & T Tegn, 1 974, LadysmithNatalBenninghoff W,,38, Lyrastraat 34, Waterkloofrif pretoria, Tandarts, l977, BothavilleBenson M c, 43, p/A Tuckners Vreishanderaars r-inoen Johannesburg, aestuurJer, rgozBergh A V. ZB, p /A Sek Skoot M T Steyn phitipp;tis, bnderhoor, 192i,

'b;;ioni.,nBergh M M, Posbus 7 Bothaville. 1962 '

Bergh O M P, 46, Landdroskantoor Calvinra, Landdros, .l 965, MalmesburyBergh s J (Lid Nr 4856), skoorhoof - uitenhale--voorgestet vir die UR in i968

iyser

1 968

a'e

ara

A5

Bernard N J,37, PK Balfour Kaap, Boer/Slagter, 1968, TarkastadBernard P 8,29, Boogstraat 2, Naudeville Welkom, Onderwyser,

.l 971, Bloemfontein

Bernado J, Universiteit van Port ElizabethBerry J S,40, N G Pastorie Barkley-Oos, Predikant, 1967, BultfonteinBesselaar J F, 34, Edinburg Witputstasie, Boer, 1965, Hopetown

Bester A, 35, P/A Volkskas BPK Lindley, Bekenmeester, 1974, Pretoria

Bester A J, 46, Onverwacht Molteno, Boer, 1 973

Bester A J J, 36, Hoer Landbouskool Bekker Magaliesburg, onderwyser, 1 977, Vryburg

Bester A N E, 40, Varslontein Graafwater, Boer, 1969Bester A W, 35, Hodrskool Reivilo, Onderwyser' l969, Paarl

Bester C, 38, N G Kerk Birchleigh, Predikant, 1977, VerwoerdburgBester D J, 33, Menellstraat I Sasolburg/Hodrskool, Onderwyser, 1971, Koppies

Bester D W S,35, N G Pastorie Paul Roux, Predikant,.1967, Port Shepstone

Bester E C,26, Hodrskool Glencoe, Onderwyser, 1965

Bester H, 36, Sanlam De Doorns, Wyksbestuurder, 1968' Worcester

Bester H J, 39, Volkskas, - Phalaborwa' Besluurder, I 965, Louis Trichardt

Bester H P, 38, Eerstelaan Petrusville/Volkskas, Bestuurder, .1971

, Bloemfontein

Bester H S G,31, P/A Libanon-Goudmyn Venterspos' Mynkaptein,.l 974, Meyerton

Bester J 8,43, P/A Dept Landbou Tegn Dienste Pretoria, Assl Hoof, Bemarkingsnavor-

sing, .l 968, Port Elizabeth

Beste-r J 8,45, P/A Onderstepoort Pretoria, Snr Tegn Beampte, I968Bester J C,32, St Petersweg 60 Southernwood Oos-Londen, Handelaar, 1969

Bester J J, 37, N G Pastorie Birchleigh, Predikant, I966' Piketberg

Bester J P, 39, S A S & H Komga, Stasiemeester, 1965, Loerie

Bester 1,29, Parkridgesingel 8 Port Elizabeth, Geneesheer,1977Bester M de B, 41 , C-itruslian 24 Fort Victoria/Morgenstersending, onderwyssekretaris,

1 970, PaarlBester M J A,28, P/A S A Polisie Heilbron o v s,, Adj-offisier, 1968, Odendaalsrus

Bester N, 44, Ho6rskool Hofmeyr, Skoolhoof, 1973' Ballour K PBester P J R, 38, Colin Frasersiraat Philippolis, Gesondheidsinspekteur, 1967,

BloemfonteinBester P M,33, P/A Ho6rskool Vanderbijlpark, Onderwyser' 1969, Heidelberg Tvl

Bester P S,42, P/A N G Pastorie Williston, Predikant, 1969

Bester S M, 33, Blouwater Molteno, Boer, 1965Besuidenhout J J D, 32, Robyn Pongola, Boer, l 971, VryburgBeukes C J,36, P/A Hodrskool Fakkel Johannesburg, onderwyser, 1973, Handfontein

Beukes C J,44, Hoerskool Oudtshoorn' Onderhoof, 1969, Barkly-Oos

Beukes c J, 30, Piet Retiefstraat 88 Monumentdorp/s A L, snr Klerk, l 976, Krugersdorp

Beukes D P M (Lid Nr 2735), Linden-Park 1965 - Predikant - voorgestel u R 1968

Beukes G J,31, P/A U O V S Bloemfontein, Snr Lektor, 1974

Beukes J C, 34, Posbus 48 Pofadder, Onderwyser, 1974, Luitzville

Beukes J S, 31 , P/A Universiteit Pretoria, Lektor, 1967, MeyertonBeukes J W, (Lid Nr 7723), Grabouw, 1963Beukes M J du P., 29, Moitieweg 28 Delarey, N H Predikant'

.l 970, Sannieshof

Beukes P J, 29, Mispah Grabouw, Boer, 1973

Beukes P J C, 29, Wilgerboschdam Hofmeyr, Boer, 1965Beukes S G,40, Kruppstraat Windhoek, Skoolhoof, 1971 ,

Beukes T E, 34, Rhodesiese Spoorwe6 Gwelo, Eetaalmeester, 1967

Beyers A S (Lid Nr 3686), Lichtenburg - Voorgestel U R 1 968, Boer

Beyers A S,25, Blaauwbank Lichtenburg, Boer/L P R, 1971

Beyers J A (Lid Nr 7725), Venterspos, 1963

Beyers N,30, P/A N G Pastorie Kempton Park, Predikant' 1969, Stellenbosch

eeytetetd M H, 37, Smalstraat 42Yryheid, Onderwyser, 1977, Boshofl

Beyteteto P J, 33, Wichita woonstel 104 Johnsonstraat sunnyside/(Dept v/d Eerste

Minister), Navorser, 1971, BloemfonteinBeyleveld E, 34, Kerkstraat Wepener, Prokureur' 1967, Bloemfontein

Beyleveldt B J (Lid Nr 5749) Organiseerder Christiaan De Wet Fonds 1972

Bezuidenhout C D, 29, De Poortie Steytlerville, Boer, 1965Bezuidenhout D,34, P/A Hoerskool wessel Maree odendaalsrus, onderhoof, 1968,

Bloemfontein

A6

'o'-r: ern

Vryburg

Ilrtongsnavor-

<relarrs,

STUS

crrtein

'968

Bezuidenhout G, 32, Ho_ogstraat g Midderburg Tvr, prokureur 197r, warvisbaaiBezuidenhout c p. 41 1,91gg9ie"O aoof;;;;;il Me.criese Srudenr, 1970, Krerksdorpt",,#rr:H:iJ,: p 38, p/A wi";;:.;j;,;a;;;;#",, Schoor Johannesburs, skoorhoor,

Bezuidenhout G S, 33. p/A yskor pretoria, Waarn Hoof Bemarking, i973t",iiJl*"J:fit G w L, 33, Newron wrri;; a vliier potcnet.tilr:ir;"k;;reesrer, 1e65,

Bezuidenhout H J, 34. Meesterlaan Oul1o, Onderwyser, 19l2,Upingtontt*rr"#:T#336, p/A rr,racnansan;I'nls""iind.ot.ns Soutpansbers, Direkreur vanPretoria

Bezuidenhout J C, 43, pK Levubu oor Louis Trichardt, Boer, 1 967, KrugersdorpBezuidenhour J G. Bondsraao i-gli _ iilrri"g.Jt" (Brakpan_wes)Bezuidenhour J S, 35, KrugerkoJuis Rr;;il;g: b.derwyser, 1968, porche,srroomt",i:;Xil::rr J w s, 31, H-oorstiait weiringii?firs"^ot" Laerskoot, onderwyser, 1e7rBezuidenhout p F G (Fritz),41, The prairie Welkom, Boer, 1g75Bezuidenhoul p H. 39 pA c*.*ri.;;ffi:ffiffi;, Empanseni, Hoof, 1974, Marbte Ha,B:::lg:lp,t : i I 19 swart<of FK ;ffi;;;i: a,.;er, re68Eezuroenhout p J A,27 Martina Brandtort, Ao"i:,iyt, pretoriat";#s:li:;tP J 1,42, srootwes s8 Ar";.]riJriuir"terre a Varansie-oorde, Hoor, 1e76Bezuidenhout p L,37 p/A yskor pretoria, Dataverwerkings, 1967Bezuidenhour p R, 39, vraktaagle cnii.i""Ilii"*,'igo+Bingle H J J (Lid Nr i 663), p u ri, c r-r o Foi.;i;i;oo, - Rekror - voorsesrer u R 1 968Bingte p W. 27, Geret. pastorie Caroti.", pr"-oii..i, tg67, potchefstroomBingle P w. 41. Hoerskoor Hans stri;aom Nao-o-o.,i.piuit, ono"rwyser, r964, potcherstroomBischorr A A.47, p/A p u,i, c i o poi";;iJ;;il:snr Lekror, te6e, swarrrugsensBrsschotf c A' 44. p/A Rondaria oro"p vpVE'pr"ioria, Besturende Direkteur, i9z3Bisschof, I J, 42, Hodrskoot Vorenroe jo;;";;;d;;;

onderwyser, 1 966Btaauw M S, 27, Huis 175 osnxrr,, onoeiil;;;, iblu Keermanshoopt,i3#, Hri,;i,?

offisierstaan zz nr,,teo e;.]l'i,oiln.r.tr.oor/S A weermas, Kaprein,Blanche J p t,37, p/A Lewis Apptiances Boksburg Hoof Navorsing & Ontw, 1975Btignautr N J, 43, Hoskingsrraat'5r ar".,inri.i"a,rXn"n O_1q"1*tser, 1977, pietersburgBlignautt W D.27, N G pisto-rie p"Jr".Orrg, Fi"O"ir"*, 1977, Sre,enboschBlignaut c J J, 3g DeDr rndidrsaku pr"iori.,"snr'iir,e""rpt",

r967, Heiderberg TvrBlignaut J B, 4s, p/A Laerskoot er,".,i Fi"ioii., dioornoof, l9o6Blignaut J B, 35, Kerkstraat Betfasf, Apteke;, ;gil""Blignaut J G 8,3i, p/A Die n"^.,oJn.-" cii.ri,i"rioo,or, 1970, TsumebBloem G N,26, Detoortsrraat tg EtsburS, N H'p*;ilnr, 1970, FochviileBloem P A,34. p/A Stadsraad. fOenvat6, e..t StJrj"rourier, 1968, Kempton parkPlogmho] w J, 35. p/A SA r_ M ysreiptaat, ,i#Ir"igrr, pretoriaBtofierd C H p,41, Luron Dendron-B-oEi, i'soii, i[t",rorrgBlomerus J H, 32. AsDetingslraat Sz Oeorje,-vooiiiltingsoeampre, 1976, ErmetoBtomerus J M,43, Rkastatian rz OurOar,vil!, n.ji"Yoog, 1974. De Doornst,BT,",.,rJr.,#, 40, Twe,o Bosbou i;;piEo,n.f 'eii"e'"ro"rton,

Assr Rekenmeester, 1e67,

Piolerys Z l/ 29, Rielgar Brirsrown, Boer, 1969

'",t?:'3:,.?idr47, serowelaan 10 Fvnnlands Biur /p /AVakteertingskoot Durban, DosenrBodenstein J C, 37, p /A H T.S John Vorster pretoria, Onderwyser, .l

96gBoersma A, 33, Bassonst ^::?.tg;

frasmia pieti'r-iabnderwyser, j976, Middetburg Tvt

flfi [:?: i J, 33 i:il3;i?1"1#?1,'#""* n "',?"i.

0",t,,,0.i, igzo, ii,.t".i,,guonoesro M J,30 Minnesotaw€g.301 Fairy Glen pretoria, Snr Lektor, 1977Bondisio c F, 37, Brandkraat p( winr"rtoi, 6o-"r,'iii+, xo.t"r.Boneschans H (Lid Nr 3423),.ondervooi.iit", i,iuri.ad - Alrenweg 26 BedfordviewBooker T D, 36, p/A sendingkerk woi"ert"r, r.r'6'pl"o*."nr, r975, RobertsonBoonzaaier H J A, 38, sentral-e ar,sepoinx Jonani".o"rrg, sekretaris, 1973, steilenbosch

A7

Boonzaarer Niek, Wolmaransstad, Oud-Onderwyser, 1966Boonzaier H D,37, Georgestraat Ashton, Onderwyser,1969, BonnievaleBooyens B (Prof), Universiteit van StellenboschBooyens C J, 33, P/A Ho6r Landbouskool Merensky, Vise-Hoof, 1975, SannieshofBooyens G,30, P/A Sanlam Potchelstroom, Wyksbestuurder, 1968, VentersdorpBooyens J J, 43, Doordriftsstraat 55 Ventersdorp, Onderwyser, 1 969Booyens T J,45, P/A S A Polisie Pretoria, Olfisier, 1975, VenterstadBooyse J P, 31 , Burgershall Witrivier, Boer, 1967, BelfaslBooysen B, 37, Kollegeweg 38 Graaff-Reinet, Snr Dosent, 1977, UitenhageBooysen C H Z,34, Genl Dan Pienaarweg 90 Bloemtontein, Verhoudingsbeampte

Munisipaliteit, 1977Booysen J A L,41, P/A Dept van Justisie Pretoria, Ondersekretaris, 1974

Booysen J H, 36, Volkskool Tweespruit, Skoolhoof, 1967, BloemfonteinBooysen J J H, 29, Posbus 23 Shannon, Onderwyser, 1 964, WelkomBooysen J R, 36, Hoewe 159 Sonskyn/(OVS Tegniese Kollege), lnstrukteur, 1976

Booysen J R, Plaasimplemente-tegnieke PIsX20542, Bloemlontein, .l

977

Booysen P de K, 34, Pi A Fonteine Apteek Verwoerdburg, Apteker, 1974' PretoriaBooysen S L,37, P/A Menlopark Hoerskool Pretoria, Vise-Hoof, 1974

Borchardt C F A,34, Rulestraat 39, Kroonstad, Bestuurder Agrico, .1 976, BloemfonteinBorman J C H (Lid Nr 7679), Prokureur - Potgietersrust - 1962

Borman J G, 35, Oosthurzenslraat 15 Middelburg, Prokureur, 1973, PretoriaBornman C H, 38, Zenithstraat 30 Solheim Germiston/Volkskas, Asst Rekenmeesler,

1970, WesselsbronBornman H G, 36, Atheloon PK Verkeerdevlei, Boer, 1975Bornman J J,32, P lA Ficksburg Molor Garage Ficksburg, Verkoopsman, 1974

Borstlap G P,36, Barry Richterstraat Bloemfonlein/Weerkundige Buro - Dept Vervoer,

Hooltegnikus, 1 970, KimberleyBos N J, 37, P I A Lydenburg Hospitaal, Klerk, 1 967, MaandagshoekBosch A S du P,33, Volkskas Albertinia, Rekenmeester, 1966, Somerset-OosBosch G S, 33, Kaaplandse Landbou-Unie Paarl, Asst Organiseerder, 1967, Beaufort-WesBosch J C, 26, Veeplaas Enkeldoorn, Boer, .1 975, Fort VictoriaBosch J C D, 39, Suikerboskop Witbank, Boer, 1975Bosch J D, 30, P/A Sasol Sasolburg, Bedrylsingenieur, 1 966, StellenboschBosch J L,33, Barry Hertzogrylaan 11 Florida, Geoloog N O K, 1973Bosch O J H,30, N G Pastorie PK Vansylsrus, N G Predikant, 1971, StellenboschBosch P F C (Pieter),43, Fouriesrust Brandlort, Boer,1975Bosho{ L, 35, Richterstraat Pionrerspark, Windhoek, Bestuurder National Chemical

Products,1973,SWABoshoff A, 29, N G Sendingpastorie Mayfair-Wes, Johannesburg, Sendeling, 1965,

Schweizer-RenekeBosholf C H. Oud L P R vir Wolmaransstad 1966Boshoff C W H, Prolessor - Hool Dept Godsdiens & Sendingwetenskap, Universiteit

van Pretoria (Dr Verwoerd se Skoonseun & Voorsitter v Sabra)Boshoff D J H,45, Kaalplaas Dist Delareyville, Boer, 1976, BlyvooruitsigBoshofl F, Rusape Rhodesid (Woon 1 966 se Bondsraad by)Bosholf F J, 28, P lA N H Gemeente Umtali, Predikant, 1974, PretoriaBoshoff F P, Skakelsekrelaris van die A B 1971 tBoshoff F P J,36, B D F Konstruksie Mpy Tzaneen, Pad & Huisbouer 1973, PretoriaBoshoff G S, 35, N G Pastorie Kirkwood, Predikant, 1966, StellenboschBosholl H C,35, P/A Skool vir Serebraalverlamdes Port Elizabeth, Onderhoof, 1964,

KroonstadBoshoff H C, 33, Haarburgersingel 3 Bloemfontein/Klerewinkel-Bestuurder, 1975

Boshoff H J, 34, Watson Shipping Jan Smutslughawe, Skeepsagent, 1 963, Paarl

Boshoff HP,32, Hodrskool Grenswag Kokstad, Onderwyser, 1973, ColesbergBoshoff H P, 29, Deerpark Tzaneen, Onderwyser, 1 974, LydenburgBoshoff H S,4.1, Laerskool Monlagu, Onderwyser, 1965, OudthoornBoshoff J, 40, P/A Smuts & Koch N,4almesbury, Kredietbestuurder, 1973, GeorgeBoshoff J L (Prof), Turfloop, RektorBoshofl J R (Lid Nr 6563), Stadsklerk van Bloemlontein in .1

973Bosholt L F, 33, P/A Coca-Cola Brakpan, Bestuurder, l 964

A8

J/b

Stta

-fontein

,eester,

I

: vervoer,

!forl-wes

fa!

65

Boshofl L P J, 40, west Koop Mpy Bpk/Dongessrraat 26 Kroonstad, onderderebestuurder1 970

Boshoff L P J,37, Emily Hobhouselaan iO pretoria, Argitek, 1974, BloemfonteinBoshott N/ C.34. Toestaan Upington, Boer. 197.1Bosho,f W H, 30, Vorentoe pK Mtoirivier, Boer, 196gBoshoff W J, 27, Hoerskoot Vanderbijtpark, Onderwyier, t gO5Boshoff w L,33, p/A Hoersk_oor piet'potgieter potgietersrus, onderwyser, 196g, LindenBoshofl z c P, 39, p/A N G pastorie ofitintsnoerlpredikanl, rszs sierienooicnBosman A M, 32, Linduvaal 12 Lochvaal, Cniroprakfisyn, .l

976, BenoniBosman A S, 28, Eeufeesstraat ii pretoria_Noord, Bouaannemer, 1972, KosterBosman P J 39 Dept van Mynwese Brakpan, Chemjese Onileder, iSTS

--'-Bosman D 1,46, Genr Beyerstraat g1 preioria-Noord, Direkteui Bosnivorsing, tgzoBosman H J, 29, Norwoodweg port Shepstone Onderwyser, I 97,l, KaapstadBosman H L, 36, S A Weermag Durban, Majoor, 1977, WatvisbaaiBosman H S 8,42, Hodrskootlichtgnburg bnderwyser, 1966, JohannesburgBosman tJ,38, S A polisie.,Katima MulrloiOffjsier (Veiligheid), 1976, Sil;gs-Bosman J, 32, Federare vorksbereggings Kaapstad, sekietarif, r soo, JonainesourgBo-tr1n !, 28 Vergesig w/s 614 vermeutensiraat 106 pretoria, rng"nie;.. ArJ N;s paaie,

1 976, SlellenboschBosman J J, 45, Suidwes Koop Makwassie, Takbestuurder, j g70, WepenerBosman J P,42, Leafontein pK goons, Boer, i970Bosman I l, 91 P/A Capro Edenvale, Rektamebeampte, .l 969, VerwoerdburgBosman J S, 33, Eikelaan 16 Grabouw, Kontrakteur, l977Bosman P, 39, Die Vlakte Somerset-Wes, Boer, 1g70Bosman P E,32, Dave Noursestraat 3 unitaspark Vereeniging, Boer/Vervoerkontrakteur,

1 971Bosman P E K,36, p/A Kommandokrygskool Kimberley, Kommandant, i968, pretoriaBosman P J,44, Trevelloe Estates pK'Snangani Rhodesie Boer, 196g, Si;;i;Bosman T J, 31. Eerstesrraat Vegkopuitbr H6itbron/santam-verreenwooioij"i, r szzBossert c F,44 Ho6r Landbousk-oor Bekker Magariesburg, onderwyser, 1g67, vryburgBosua T A, 38, Weerburo pretoria, Hoofweerkuridig., tgOSBotes A, 27, S A S & H Johannesburg, Asst tngenieur, I 966, GermistonBotes A C, 31, S A potisie Dewetsdorp, Adj-Ofiisier, 1976, BloemfonteinBotes H C, 35, Voortrekkerstraat Hoopstad, Sakeman/Boer, 1 g69Botes J A,25, Enodia prov Koshuis Bethal, Onderwyser, 1967, JohannesburgBotes J A w,36, P/A Ho6r Handerskoor Mike Erasmus potgieiersrus, onoertoor, rszo,NaboomspruitBotes J J 42, voorspoedkoshuis Midderburg TVL Adj-Hoof Hoerskoor, 197r, BetharBotes N S (Lid Nr 2667), Skoolhoof pretorii_ Voorqestet U R 1968Botes P J., 34, Munisipaliteit Roodepoort, Etektroteg t"ngenieur, 1965, StandertonBotes P W,32, Mooistraat I1 Bethat, Geneesheer]1973, pretoriaBotes W L F, 38, N G pastorie Balfour, predikant, ,l964,

Welkom

3:l!:1 !! $rgvltnqstlaat Harrismith onderwyser, 1e64, Johannesburstrolna A, 32, Junror Hoerskool Andries pretorius Durban, Onderwyser, 1574Botha A C, 30, Strydomsrus Elliot, Boer, 196gBotha A D,46, P/A N H pastorie Elsburg, predikant,1974, KoedoesrandBotha A H,29, N G Kerk Rietfontein-Sui; preloria, predikant, 1967Pglll? | J 42,.Langkuir Warmbad, Boer, 1964, BronkhorstspruitBotha A J J, 4 j, Ottosdatse Laerskoot, Vise_Hoof, .l 973 HeidetbergBotha A M S, 46, Skoolraad p_iketberg, Sekretaris, 1969, George "Botha A P J, 32, Midderbare skoor votmoed, skoorhoof i967,-Victoria-wesBotha B C (Lid Nr 7724), Wakpan-Wes, 1963Botha B F, 28, Ardnel Somerset-Oos, Boer, 1 965

Poll']" 9 D, -42,

Brakpan Dist Wolmaransstad, Boer, 1975, Schweizer-RenekeBotha C J, 30, Landdroskantoor pearston, Landdros, l g6g, pretoriaBotha c J, 34, P/A Du Band Louw & Botha pietersbuig, Rekenmeester, i 976, RoodepoorlBotha c M,34, P/A universiteil van Zoeroerand/siyaiistraat Mtumzini, Lektor, 1975, port

ElizabethBolha c s H, 34, Lisbonraan 22, Robertsham Laerskoor rheo wassenaar, Adj-Hoof, 1 g75,

Dundee

A9

Borha D.3g Farmers Folly 48 Lynnwood' Spesialis' lnternis' 1963' Pretorra

Botha D E,36 P/A uoersxJi-iie*uarr"l Skoothoof lgT4 Springbok

Botha D H, 36, P/A r.gt rili"gl;"*i"'t;ti'tio"g'.onoerwvsei 1e66 weza Natal

Botha D J. 29, Piet n"t'tt't'l'i'si' L-"Jvotino Oriderwvser lgTT Bloemfontetn

iliffi D wl,io, nu,i"otesfontein Tarkastad' Bogr' ]9^65

Botha D W S,33, vsror prJio'ia'tnl"JJ"ii"l-esst Superintendent, 1972' Springs

iliffi E G dJNit 7687), wolselev' Bo^er^1e62

ili;; F e. 'st, w.t,."tt outio' Boer' 1976

Borha F J.42,plAsanram"'jlnziiu.tuig A,.r,Bestrilrrder, lgT4 Bellville K P

Botha F J,44, J L Ctarr rari"enil""tti'p"dv i"n xempoorp' Asst Bestuurder' 1969'

KemPton Park

B:li: ij Slil',';'B:fftil.'"f:":f;-er bv Radarstasie Devon vir Miritere Diens'

rillttPTtl?3',Geluk PK Gerdau Boer/Verteenwoordiser - (rriomf)' 1e74 ^-

Botha F J P R,34, pZn u^iLt"Jxl'pti"u" vereenigino:Hooi lnstrumente' 1977

Botha F T, 41, Armadastt"lii) ni'"i["ia Germiston bn-derwvser' t 969

Botha G, 44, Weltevrede fioriAa' Blomt<we*er 1969' Pretoria

Botha G C, Praat oor. "n'''i"i["

J"x" ov aontt"ad van 1969 (swellendam)

Botha G D, 37, waverle;";";ffii;;f;tt;;' ins'irovinsiatb Adminrstrasre' 1e74'

WindhoekBotha G G, 34, Sasorbemarkingsmaatskappy Florida, Besigheidsbestuurder, 1966'

BloemfonteinBotha G W V, 28, P/A Gerel Kerk Rustenbulg:NTl*:t"dikant' 1968' Potchefstroom

iliffi ;r;#lFrof), President S A Atletiek-verenrsrns

Botha H C, 27, Harmony Matatiele' Boer' 1970' Franklin

iliffi ii I, Jl s A w""t'ug Pretoria' Kaptein 1s66

Botha H J,31, P/A s"''";:1'd;';"i' ru[ottt"toer' 1965' Johannesburg

Botha H K, 28, Landbou*"*g" Gft; Aloem{ontein' Dosent' 1970

Botha H L, 40, s o s t"ili;E'"i;t;;tp' speurder-Sersant' 1e74

Botha H P,3T Robert ^""i

O"tit' tretoria Geneo"heer 1964' Kofliefontein

Borha H p.28.pt^srad"r;;r;;;Kempton earx' eJi-st191ls^"1::1^'n'u' Pretorra

Botha H P,40, S A W el'fiDu'Oan' Vloot-Kommandeur' 1963' Pretorta

Botha I M, g2, Mariusstriatl Wttidro onderwyser' .1975' Germiston

Botha J, 38, Pi A Ono""ii'xoir"gt w"llington Dosent' 1975' Paarl

Botha J, 30, Donellstraat iiit'qGtJ onJet*yte'' 1973' Harrismith

B:ll: i'ij,i*Xa:iif,ll:;lnli,3l,"lJ.'.],';.i,-'-'ie's*ootDarmondeor' Vise.Hoor'

1977, HeidelbergB"l;;'j

'e"i"i:i'-e te Yskor Pretoria' ouditklerK 1e6B

Botha J c, 32, p I AVorr.r".'winorrg, Rekenmeester' I974, Kestell

Botha J c, 31, waltonsi;;' t;ffiith' onderhoof 1973' Pielermaritzburg

ilffi: 6, 5g, erti'*[ot"niont"in Boshor' Boer' 1e70

Botha J F. 43, Perseell-di l'n x"'poorp Boer' 1965' Mafeking

Botha J F, 40 P t A u o'i"tt"ti" poiJnlttitoom ptedikant' l969' Zambte

Botha J G H. 46, t'o iu,*"ti"'ositt p'"to'ia sekretaris l 968 I

Borha J H. gr, Norma;;H;i ;il;;.cxvare port'eiilo-etn-onoerwvser' 1e70' Graal-

tJ;fftr, 36, Pi A S A weermag Pretoria' K^ommandant' 1976' Pretoria

Botha J L p, 35, p/A Dept v Baritoe-Admin pretoiaiioop van Bantoetuislande, Hool

Vakkundige, l977BothaJN,38,P/ASASTelekommunikasiediensNelspruit,ASSIVoorman,lgT3.Pretoriailiffi: 'p,

ia, prn s n-potisie witbank' Kaptein' 1e74

Botha J p, s+, wentzJk;;; *;*;tqns,s.ta9'.!noerwvser' 1971' Potchefstroom

Botha J P, 44, P I A U"it" pi"t"ii" Snr Lektor' 1977' Rustenburg

Botha J p sz, Dratensi"'!''iJ""'u1 w?1911:"J:i[,ll3l"il,1l'n't"k 1 e68

B:l l: i '"',1: g x mil,'.i?ff i;i::"' l'd';: :i';';;n"' ;'" ;;' R a a d 1 e 7 6 D e A a r

Botha L J, 38, Geluk Oanititttut' Boer' 1975' Bethlehem

A10

Botha L J,34, westview spesiale Middelbare skool port Elizabeth, skoolhoof, .l 974,Bergvliet Kaap

Polla L J,26, Spesbona pK Danrelsrus, Boer, 1967, BethtehemBotha L J, 30, P/A Hoer Seunskoshuis Ellisras, Ond"r*y..r, 1969, pretoriaBotha L R, 47, Hodr Landbouskool Morgenzon,'f_loot, f g'OO, eietersOurg

- -Botha L R, 52, S A potjsie Benoni, Kapt6rn,-igOa, port EtizabethBotha M c, Broemfontein-Noord - piaat oor Rooms Katorieke by Bondsraad van i96zB?t,h? Y C, Oud-Hoofinspekteur v Onderwys OVS _ Sameifo;ds;i;;;;;.j;

Volksf eeshuis in 1971Botha M C, Oud-MinisterBotha M C, 36, p/A Hlobane Trading Co Vryheid, Bestuurder, t963, VolksrusBotha M F, 29, Le6r-Gimnasium Heiletberg'Tvl, iiplein 1972, Bloem,onternPoll''tu y F.

1B-, Afdetrngsraad Hofmeyr, Sekretaris, I SO+, ViOOetOurg X e

Potlra M.G, 38, Die Burger Kaapslad, Joernalis, .l g73Botha [,4 J, 35, Derdestraat 32 iozini, Gesondheid;inspekteur, 1967, pongotaBotha N F, 38, Klipdrif Ottosdat, Boer. 1970Botha O C, 32, Rietkuil Ottosdat, Boer, 1974, BoksburgBotha O P S, 33, Voorbedacht Matlesrrvrer, Boer, ,l965Botha P A 33 Donkrnprein caredon Geneesheer (By 1 g66 Bondsraad praat hy teenBankrekenings by Buitetandse tnstellings), 196i, KaapstadBotha P A, 37, Lime Acres Danielskuil, Kampong-Bestuurder, 1974, KimberleyPotha I8,27, Stasieweg Ctocotan, tngenieur f_i O, f 971 , pretoriaBotha P B, 42, N G Kerk Theunissen, Fredikant, 1 967, SenekalBotha P C, 44, P /A Onderwyskollege pretoria, Registrateur, .1

977, HeidelbergBotha P D B, 31, Durbanweg Coles-berg, Onderwyier, 1922, WarrentonBotha P J,34,p/A S A U K Johannesburg, Adm Assistent, 1968, pretoriaBotha P J, 39, Dunnstraat Jagerslontein, Geneesheer, 1 965, GobabisBotha P J, 27, Landdroskanloor Witbank, Asst Landdros, 1964, GeorgeBotha P J, 43, P I A Laerskoot Ogies, Skoothoof, 1 975, pretorjaBotha P J,37,PlA Volkskas Villiers, Bestuurder,1974, KroonstadBotha P R, 49, Braklaagte Dordrecht, Boer, 1 g77Botha P R,31, Parkstraat pretoria, Argitek, 1965, LadysmifhBotha P W, Eerste Minister en Ministel van VerdedigingBotha R A,34, "The Fails" Barkty-Oos/S A S & H, kterr<, 1g74,BedfordBotha R C, 28, Gertrudestraat 25, Naudeville, Onderwyser, 1970, Bloem,onteinBotha B F 36, Dept Builerandse sake pretoria (Tans Minister van Buiterandse sake),

Regsadviseur, 1 969Botha R P (Lid van U R se Ekonomiese Kommilee _ 1973)Botha S J, 28, N H Pastorie Symhurst Germislon, predikant, 1964, WestdeneBotha Schark J, (Lid Nr 728) Direkteur van Maatskappye pretoria (Hartebeesspru[)Botha S P, 37, Afrikaanse Springstowwe Coligny, Verieenwoordiger, .l g67, Lusaka!ot!a ! P (Fanie) (Lid Nr 4418), Louis Tricha-rdi, Minrsrer van Aibeid en Vyn*"ieBotha S W, 43, Palmietfontein Ventersdorp, Geneesheer, 1968, VredefortBotha T J, 40, P/A Lever Bros Boksburg,'BestuurOer, 1963, SteynsburgBotha T J, 29, N O K Johannesburg, Tekstielbeampte, 1 965, Durban -

Pollu ] J N' 1965 (6 Aprir) word Hoofsekretaris van A B in prek van piet KoornhofBotha T J P, 40, p/A Hoertegniese skoor Kroonstad, Adjunk-Hoof, r gzo, ExcetsiorBotha T P A,33, P/A Koshuis Kamreskroon, Onderwyser, ,l96g, parowBotha T S, 31, Kanonfontein pK Boshof, Boer, 1 g67, WesselsbronPoll" y 9, ??, ? /A Krygsruigproduksieraad preloria, produksiesupt,

1 967Poll, y F, 27, Sheeprun pK Men Amatf i, Boer, 1968, CedarviileBotha W F,28, Cove rock Greenfields Oos-Londen, Winkeli"r, 1977, MaclearPollru Y I 291-OoS van Wonderfontein Bank, Onderwyser, .t 968, potchefstroomBotha W J J, 39, Annaniel Marquard, Boer, 1 976, HennemanBotha w J v H, 34, Remskoensrraat 3g6, Die wirgers Uitbr 9 pretoria, sradsbepranner, 1976KaapstadBotha W S, 48, Witfontein pK Rosslyn, Sakeman, 1976, VryburgBothma B, 37, p r A santam/wiilemiestraat e, vanoeroiltpjrk, (oste-Taksateur, 1976,Johannesburg

A11

Bothma B C,43, P/A Eastern Free State Tractors Ltd, Boer/Direkteur, 1977, Bethlehem

Bothma C A, 25, Poskantoor Laingsburg, Klerk, 1965, MerwevilleBothma G P,38, Jim van Tonderskool Bethal, Skoolhool, 1973, VereenigingBothma H, 40, Eversdalweg Durbanville, Argitek, 1975, BellvilleBothma H J W,34, De La Reyweg 20 Lyttleton/SAL, Offisier, 1970, KloofsigBothma I G, 31, P/A S A Vloot Simonstad, Luitenant-Kommandeur, 1974, Saldanha

Bothma J A, 33, Waaihoek Hekpoort, Onderwyser/Boer' 1976, Kempton Park

Bothma J H, 30, Hoerskool Burgersdorp, Onderwyser, .1 967, Lansdowne

Bothma L, 47, Willowmorese Handelskoop, Bestuurder, 1974, Riversdal

Botma A J,36, P/A Suidwes Koop Bpk Makwassie, Takbestuurder, 1967

Botma D E, 39, P/A Tiki Eiendomsagente Alberton, Eiendomsverkoopsman, 1975

Bolma J, 24, Eoreka Prins Allred Hamlet Gydo, Boer, 1970Botma M C, 35, Posbus 152 Walvisbaai, Boukontrakteur/Boer,

.l 965, Wolmaransstad

Bouwer A G H,35, P/A Landdroskanloor Bloemhof' Landdros, 1968, Lichtenburg

Bouwer E J P, 30, Florencestraat 73 Bellville, Boukontrakteur, 1976

Bouwer E L,31, Whiteheadweg l3 Penford Uitenhage, Geneesheer, 1967, Colesberg

Bouwer J, 35, S A Kinderhuls lvanhoestraat Kaapslad, Vise-Hoof, 1 977

Bouwer J J, 31, Rooilaagte Niekerkshoop, Boer, l 963Bouwer P B 8,45 P/A [aerskool Parksig Vanderbiilpark, Skoolhoof, 1976

Bouwer S E, 47, Culverwellstraat 12 Vilioenskroon, Posmeesler, 1977

Bouwer W E, 41, Hoerskool Hangklip Oueenstown, Onderhoof, 1966, Potchefstroom

Bouwer W J, 34, Altebly Kirkwood, Boer/Verteenwoordiger Agricura, 1975

Boyazoglu J G,39, P/A S A Ambassade Parys Frankryk, Landbouraad L T D, 1976'

PretoriaBradley J E,28, P/A Bantoesakekomm Nongoma, Vakk Beampte, 1970, Pongola

Brand C v H, 27, N G Pastorie Gordonsbaai, Predikanl, 1966, Worcester

Brand D G,38, De Villiersstraat 6 Worcester, Boukontrakteur, 1974, Worcester

Brand D J, 37, 1 Sdelaan 15 Bellville, Sekretaris' 1971

Brand D P,44, Chavonnestraat 59, Welgemoed Bellville, Onderwyser, 1976, Mashaba

(Fhodesie)Brand E J J,28, Huis Toekoms Nieuwoudtville, Onderwyser, 1977, Vredendal

Brand F J J,36, Cameronweg 2 Highland Hills Pinetown, Onderwyser, 1975, Tsumeb

Brand F J J, 34, P/A Volkskas Bpk Robertson, Rekenmeester, .l 966, Wellington

Brand G J,33, P/A Landdroskantoor Porterville, Asst Landdros,1974, Robertson

Brand H P,47,PlA Constantiaskool PK Retreat, Onderwyser' l976, Worcester

Brand J F E 46 Windellstraat,3 Plattekloof Parow/Dept Binnelandse Inkomste, Adm

Beheerbeampte, 1 976Brand J J,46, Hondevlei PK Groot Mist Springbok, Boer/Winkelier, 1969

Brand L v W, 34, Losperplaas Loeriesfontein, Boer, 1973Brand P M A,37, Posbus 48 Kirkwood/Laerskool, Skoolhoof, 1970, Alicedale

Brand W J A, 30, Gondolalaan 3 Robindale/(Rand Mines), Begsadviseur/Mynsekretaris.1977, Bloemlonlein

Brandl E, 26, Munisipaliteit Krugersdorp, Asst Lokasie Supt, 1965, Potchefstroom

Brandt F J 8,42, Laerskool Durbanville, Onderwyser, 1966, MorreesburgBrandt H B, 36, P U vir C H O Potchefstroom, Snr Lektor, 1972, BloemhofBrandt L de J,43, Cilliersstraat 20 Lindey/Volkskas, Besluurder, 1976, Pretoria

Brandt R 8, 28, S A Polisie Johannesburg, Luitenant, 1969, Stellenbosch 'Brandt S J, Lid van die U B se Landbou Kommittee 1973

Brazelle J A, 32, Laerskool Hartswater/Janviljoenstraat, Skoolhoof, 1970, Lady Frere

Brazelle R R, 30, P/A Penegare Kollege Taung K P, Onderwyser, 1975, Pretoria

Bredell G s, 37, P/A Navorsingsinst vir silrus & subtropiese vrugte Nelspruit, wetenskap-like. 1975, Pretoria

Bredenkamp D C B, 39. Wolknit Korp Bpk, Rustenburg, Besturende Direkteur, .l

974,

PretoriaBredenkamp P, 33, P/A Landbou-Hodrskool Brits, Onderwyser, 1965, BenoniBreedt A, 29, P/A U P Pretoria, Lektor, 1969, KrugersdorpBreedt J, 43, Northridgelaan 27 Sunnyridge Germiston, Sakeman, 1977, BoodepoortBreedt D J,33, Careystraat 4 Strubenvale Springs, Onderwyser, 1974, Rustenburg

Breedt J S,40 Susannasdeel Ogies, Boer, 1971, PretoriaBreitenbach T c, 30, Ross Gradwellstraat 2 uitenhage, onderwyser, 1975, Graaff -Heinet

412

!i

eif'rlehem

75

sstad

sberg

haba

\Crn

re:aris

rcm

i76

Bresset L C,32,p/A N 9 I:r! Venterspos, predikanr, 1973, JohannesburoBrewis D J, 35, skoorslraat eriamsvieiA e p,iri"i! edr oftisier, rszo vatJkingBreyer J p. 46 Hooefield px renmansoii,,. ;#;.:968. eueensrownBrevrenbach A p i 38 pze laeri*ioiror'nriJ."ii"ou,wvser. 1973. Nersprurrt'EI:",;,0;.n H s. 3e, n.g"riei,"r;''i i'.',.ioX"lr*,oof Kaapsrad, Mondchirurs. rs6e,

Breytanbach J J v 2.35 Vilonelstraat Steynsrus/Nf s. Bestuurder, 1g71, Frankforttr;lJiJi..c|,frs, st Johnstraat gr xokJiaiid,n porisie Lu[enant, 1e70,trE[?J,o;.n W r't] Sz Droogskoonmakers Bukesstraat 19 Kokstad, Sakeman, 1973,Breytenbach w p. 33. p/A C & r Accounling Sarisbury,fiekenmeesler, 1g75, DarwindareBrredenhann J A L. 4s e rrenrs vertilra""iBila# 1927, Btoemfonteint'5,:il#,:[ j"? i J;l' ^

v"'.n.tir. o,.ro"o"["ru,ns*orks Johan nesburs,Briel D S, 36, Hartebeesfontein pK Brits, Boer/Tuinbeplanner, I 976, SkeerooortBriers C J. SZ. p / A Tvls_e prov eO, pi.i"r,r.'Ver"x'eershoof

196gBrirrJ R, 34.p/A Ho6r regn srooie"";L b;;l;y.u,. 1e20, BrakpanBrink A 33, Hoerskoot eerius Steyn. Or;;;;;, rgoz, BosnorrBrink A J, 4s, p / A stadsraad e;,ii s;i;k;,i]il,r! preronaBrink c J D,28. p/A Brink api..r r-r."0";:Api."#, 1965, Bethaltr#,S

Jirl,:"p / A E m marenria G erdenhuyssrlJ rira,m oao, onderhoof 1 e65,

Brink D, 46, N G pastorie Uitenhage, predikant, 1966, ysterplaatBrink D J, 43, Tordan Tengr,,ye Kar-oi Boer f gi'O Slfi.OrryBrink D J J 30 Lime Acresbaniers[rrrlEr"kt;"r"g;riig

ruortnern Lime, 1970. BraamronreinBrink D S v d M. rLrd Nr4798) pr"iri"ri.. L i"K'RustenburgBrink H, 38, Afrikaanse eers tjpr< oooinllri"i. "n"i".reester, 1966, sasorburqBrink J G,4g S A B S prslep;6 151s Vakkundige Beampfe, 196g .j

Brink J H 47, yskor pretorra. Klerk, t 96g

i'HIi,H.'J;,figS:;','j,:iios wirk"o"ppi"s/Reyneke Brink & Kie, Geoktrooieerde

urrnk L C,35. p/A Bester Beleggings pretoria. Fin Bestuurder. 1925. Kempton parkBrink L J. 32. p / A Deot GevanjJrii porrrro} 'riapie,n, r 973, CeresBrink N J, 47, Myburgh ex V,rlo"ensrroJ;. B;;;. i#;Brink S J, 3e s A s I H wer(*inre'i;s;;;;;, ;;;t voorman. re67, BloemronteinBrink T C S, 33, Mosesrivrermond Marbte Hall, Bou-rl ,SZZ, grit.Brrnk W C J, 36. Stilfonrern Coromyn. Ceo,*S:96b potchefstroom

Brits B S. 43. P / A Hodrskoot. Atiw"i_r.r"Iill ViJ" r_i'o:t, I ezS. MactearBrits C p, 31, Hendriksoan rx rvroigenz;", fio.l,,'i6is, A"tn.rBrits J C, 29. Hoerskool Macrear-o"n-de*r#"i sbil Detmast,[Lr"I;"?.1"1]o6rskoor parysi Scnan-eii" 'w;.ri";; Nr e. onderwyser 1e70,tr[i",al;oo p/A Airire (Edms) Bpk Roberrsham Johannesburg, Tegn Direkteur, l976,Brits M J B, 40, Soft plaas Jvl66fis1s. Boer, 1926, Marandellas3:ll: : ? _4

r. lekkerwater v","no.jirllio"i i Uz'd, ",u,,ro n J r. JU. tvan Smutslaan 23 Kenmore Krugersdorp, onderwyser. 1g77Brits s G 39 p/A Noordkaaf 1666 sri*"rx"opii,#i"L, 1"1:irr"ester, 1968, LadvsmithBrits W F, 44 Sraatsdrenskommissie p,etoili l;;;;;r,, 1965, SmithrieldBnrs y, 41, uniestraar rs ral paryi.-o,s";;;;;;#ffriK, 1971. VereenioinoBritz A J H.44,p/A Rmatiamateo engi,.,."i, union Durban, sekretars:1d68Brtz A W. 45.p/A C N vcnter a xie durlan, F;;i;.;r, 1967. pretermantzburgBritz C J, 30, Kirdareweo z empangenifi;;;k;;i"o;""rwyser. I970, pretoria,,fr""* vZ. 40, t3e Striar 3 ci"vri,niiH"j..Jn'# vll"n,o", onderwyser, 197 t, watervar

Britz F w A' 39, Trust Bank,Kaapstad/(pros & stelsels), Hoofbestuurder, 1976, Be,villeBritzG 40,HugoNaudelaanzLangeruiw"rJ"Ii.r)!es&H,snrKlerk, 1973,cradocktsntz G J. 28. Lahdbou-Kotrsgs t/Vsilen"Mooir_.rl'Oio"rwyser, 1923, EstcourrBr[z R M J, 3s, N G pastorre-Ladt-G,;y, ;;;;;",jlirc Jameslown

s(ap-

q.

ie ne:

413

Britz T F, 37, Groenlontein Vierfontein, Boer, 1969, VentersburgBroekman s w B. 40, Die Meerstraat 90 PietersburE/s A Polisie, Kaptein, 1971 , Middeiburg

TvlBronkhorst P C, 41, P/A Helammyn Swartruggens, Mynspeurder, 1973

Bronn W F, 34, Reitzstraat Robertson, Geneesheer, 1 965

Broodryk c J,33, P/A Goudstadse onderwyskollege Johannesburg, snr Dosent, 1967

BrooOryk D J, 38, P/A Westelike Graan-Koop Malmesbury, Fin sekretaris, 1967, Germiston

aroodryr M 32, Bo-Burgstraat 1 Wellington, Dosent/opleidingskollege, 1971, oviston

Brown C H 39, H/V Trotter & Hedgestraat Knysna, Sakeman, 1969

Brown E,34, Universiteit Kollege vin Zoeloeland Empangeni, Snr Lektor, l966, Durban

Brown E L, 40, P/A BVS Umtata, Amptenaar, 1975, Grahamstad

BruceG,3T,Dublinweg3SEvander,AsstPosmeester,l9T3,Riebeeck-WesBruinette K E,31, Bruinette Kruger & Hugo, Randburg, lngenieur,1969, Pretoria

Brummer F J, 33, Dundonstraat2, Wolmaransslad, Onderwyser, 1969' Pretoria

Brummer H J, 29, Bellstraal 1, Bethlehem, Tandarts, I967, Pretorra

BlUmmer J G. 49, Munisipaliteit Johannesburg, GesondheidsinSpekteur, -l 966

Brrissow A V, 46, U O V S Bloemtontein, Professor' 1976

Bruwer A A 8,28, Hodr Landbouskool Jacobsdal' Onderwyser' 1965' Beitz

Bruwer B E C, 40, P/A S A S & H Johannesburg, Skeikundige' 1,969

Bruwer H J, 34, Maldonweg 67 Lynwood Glen Pietoria/Van zyl scheepers & Bruwer,

Ouditeur, 1 971, KlerksdorPBruwer J H,33, P/A O'Kiep Copper Co, Geoloog, 1973, Worcesler

Bruwer J J, 36, Strubenpart 32i'Lyn*ood pretoria/Landbou lng Dienste, Hool, 1968

Bruwer J LO,40, N G Pastorie Stella, Predikant, 1965, Bray

aruwer ..t M, 39, Munisipaliteit swartruggens, Gesondheidsinspekteur, 1964, Pietersburg

Bruwer J P v S (Lid Nr 5022), Port Elizabeth, Professor

BruwerWJ'3T,NGPastorieSwartruggens,Predikant,.lgT0,SinoiaRhodesi6BruynsMM'3S,Munisipaliteitoudtshoorn,stadstesourier'-l966,MalmesburyA'.i.hn"|/ AE,27, Piesangbeheerraad Pretoria, Statistikus,.l 966' Sandvlakte

Brichner J L B, 41, Kleinhoek PK Paterson, Boer, 1 971

Buckle J P,37,P /A Goulding & smith Germiston, Begratnisondernemer, I963, Warrenton

BucXley J L, 39, Hodr TegnieiaSkool de Wel Nel Huisilomp Kroonstad, Onderwyser. 1977'

WelkomBr.ihrmann J R (L C R SN),34, De Emigralie Ermelo, Boer, 1970

Buhrmann J R, 35, Weltevrede Ermelo, Boer, 1968

Btihrmann L C B, Lid van die U R se Landbou Komittee 1973

arit"no"g c o, zg, p/A N p du plessis Apteek wolmaransstad, Apteker, 1973,

PotchelstroomBuitendag F J H, 40, Dunwoodielaan 80 waverley Pretoria, Herv Predikant, 1971 ,

DuiwelskloolauitenOag H P, 45, Blindleyweg 21, Mondeor Johannesburg, Diamantslyper' 1975'

JohannesburgBuifendag J G E,32, Mediese Sentrum 204 Voortrekkerstraat/Everglade Gardens 312

Lakeweg Gemiston, Tandarts, 1970Burden H"W,ZAgta lanooou Koop Brandvlei, Boekhouer/Boet, 1977, Loeriesfontein,

Artg", n H,'32,PlA Brink le Roux & Myburgh Kakamas, Rekenmeester' 1973

Bur6er A J,43, yorkstraat B/Landdroskantoor Wellington, Landdros, .l975, Paul ,

PretersburgBurger A p, iO, pln S A Polisie Bloemfontein, Sersant' 1968, Pretoria

Burler I P, 32, P / A Brian Sandrock Pretoria, Argitek, 1 966

Burger B, Cecil Rhodeslaan 10, Mafekingeur[er A, 37 , P I A S A Lugmag MafekingT S A L, Kaptein /Tegn Olf isier' 1 974' Pietersburg

Bur[er C J, 37, Aero-Marine Durban, Takbestuurder, 1966, Johannesburg

Aurler C i, 37, Laerskool Soebatslontein, Skoolhoof, 1968, Kamieskroon

err6", c w, 2d, xingwiilrytaan Graafl-Reinet, N G predikant, 1977, Stellenbosch

Artg", D A,'Zg, pln-ru G Pastorie Alexanderbaai, Predikant' 1976, Kuilsrivier

Burger E J C, 43, Volkskool Wilgehof, Hoof, 1966,. Karibib

Burler H A J, 41, Hodrskool Aberdeen, Skoolhoof, 1 964, Brandvlei

Surde1. H l-, iO, f.rf G Pastorie Kroonheuwel Kroonstad, Predikant,.l 964, Kimberley

surie, r s w, sa, p/A s A U K Johannesburg, Nuuskommentalor, 1973, Pretoria

A14

967ltSlOn

lon

rban

I'burg

er.

ii3

lurg

Yi

Burger J, 33, Montoomerylaan Z Witbank, Ouditeur, 1966, KimberleyBurger J A, 37, Sk;uterrein Mitnerpark, nfJS"[i.]rri, WLG, 1977, Ftorida3::g:: I A 33 Longstraat I9 Kempron pair,. piokJiurr 1e75, potgierersrusEurger J de V, 30 Dept Landbou Vredendar, Voorrrgtingsbcampte"lg6/. vatmesouryBurger J G (Lid Nr 7706) vaarhartslDoroiecni on"d"r*y."r. lg62, VaarhartsBurger J G, 31, Beckstraat 22 Hennenmrn, lf C FiuOir.rnt l976, EdenvaleBurger J J' 36,tiugostraat g Monumenlnoogteiimberrey/u o V S, skaker-en-ontwBeampte. 1973 BloemfonteinBurger J J. 46, Rietfontein pK putfontein, Boer, 1970, GermistonBurger J J 8,34, p/A Wedgehilt oor priest a, fio"r, jSOZBurger J J D, 29, Townsendstraat f gS CooJwood,'Ondur*yr"r, 1 977, LambertsbaaiBurger J K, 38, p/A Votkskas Wotsetey, Be;tu;;d;r, t9tS, paartBurger J M, 39, p/A Votkskas rtorioa,'BesiuuiO"i, igze primroseBurger J. S, 38, pi A S A Lugmag pretoria, RO1-Otiisier, t SZSBurger K A, 29, Ladismithsdsaiiboere xoop,'s"r,r"iuris, 1 973, weilrngtonBurger P, 37, Varkenskraal De Rust, Aoer, f'906-

-'Burger P A 34 P/A Dept van Mynwese Arexanderbaai, personeerbeampte,

1 967, pretoriaBurger P A Z 42 Bysteek oor Brandvtei. goer, 1973Burger P J, 43, p /A, Kart Bremer Hoipnaur A;ifu,[e,"Catotoog, i 968, GariesBurger P J, 39, Northern Canners politsr, Bestuurder ,196+,

iieiOef Oerg- --

Burger R J L (Lid Nr 7695), Komati Sekretaris/Boekhouer, 1 962Burger T F ' 32, P /A Mediese Fakulteit Stettenbosch, Geneesheer, 1974, JohannesburgBurger W, 40, Brandwag Montagu, Boet. 1974Burger W A, 44, S A polisie Randburg, Adj_Off isler, j 965, portervilleBurger W P, 32, pK Skansktip oor Brindvtei, Boer,1gt2Burger w r' 31, 2deLaan 28 Heiderberg rvrls A wulrrug, Majoor, 1976, sardanhaBurke G A,38, spes prim6re skoor Go6dwooo onolrnoor, r966, GrabouwBurmeister H F, 48, p/A Hodrskool .iansenvitte, Sf.oof noof, 196g, Ugi;Burmeister J F, Hudsonstraat 36 Newton part< pori itizabeth, 1971

Prllgl-l Y, ?9: I H S Lynwoodwes 1 pretoria, onderwyser, r sz3uuurema H. Wolmaransstad. Skoolhoof , 1g66

luvs ! R.43, Sannasposweg 61 Bloemfontein/Dept prov paaie. Snr Adm Asst, 1971Buvs c J H,47.p / ADeor vanLandbolr Tegn oieniteionannesburg, vreisgrioelioer, r goaBuys C S W.33, p/A Munisipalireit er.uio niO"iOrLLr.pt", 1970, VryburgBuys G H, 37, Geref Kerk Delmas, predikant, fgO-A, Urtscnot Wes-TvlBuys I Z, 38, Paardeplaats Hartbeeslontein goer, j SlZBuys J, 41, P/A Engelsmedium Laerskool nynfietO Aenoni, Onderwyser, 1965Buys J c,39, Kerkstraat 164, Nyrstroom st"o.kl.ik, rg7i, schweizer-RenekeBuys J J, 40, Volkskool Brandfoit, Skoolhoof, 1 966, btoemronteinBuys J J J, 35' p/A van Niekerk & Buys wiiba;k, r-unor"t", 1970, Ariwar-NoordBuys J P 34, Volkskas phalaborwa, netenmeesteiJgZO, BotnavilleBuys L J, 40, Geref pastorie Middelburg Tvl preJkant, 1963, Barkly-OosBuys M E L, 39, p/A w p Vrugte-Navoisingstasie i;merset-wes, snr VakkundigeBeampte, 1963, KlerksdorpBuys M S, 33, Jordanstraat 31 windhoek/s w A Adm, staatsamptenaar, l975, prieskaBuys P J, 28,P/A Geref Kerk odendaarsrus, preoi[ant r9/5, potchefstroomBuys R R, 40, Koppies, 1 965Buys S, 28, Possak 501 Oshakati, Geneesheer, tgl4, preloriaBuys S 8,41, Prov Koshuis Slanderton/HoeriIooi, Vise_r_roof, .l

971, BreytenBuys S B,_37, Dorgesstraar 25 Kroonsrad, Apr;k;; (iospitraat), 1977, VirginiaBuys S P 8,30, Geref pastoria Barkly_Oos, iruJif.),t, 1964, WestdeneBuys w J, 41 , P lA vreissentraar Krerksdorp, uooioemarr< Beampte, 1g74, ventersdorp

cCalitz J, 35, Cape Hotels port Elizabeth, Rekenmeester, 1964, Calitzdorpcalitz L P, 31, Eersteraan 1B Marrands Germiston, onderwyser, jg72, pretoilaCarelson H L, 30, P/A S A Spoorwe6 pretoria, passer 1968 DurbanCarstens A J, 31 , Unisa pretoria, Adm Klerk, 1977, Benonicarstens A J,40, Nuwehoop Kdop-wynkerder Rawsonviile, Bestuurder, 1970, worcester

rr3

415

Carstens C, 32, Huis Esterhuizen Stella, Skoolhoof, 1967, Keimoes

carstensHS3T,P/ASan|amDurbanvllle,ASSIBesluurder'-lgT5,BrackenfellCarslensJ,33,BothastraatlSWestonaria,Landdros,lgTl'VoortrekkerhoogteCarstens J E, 39, Rembrandt Paarl' Sekretaris, 1963, Wellinglon

Carstens P G, Lid van U B se Ekonomiese Kommittee in 1973

Cirstens P P,38, p/A Westetike Graanboer Korp Tulbagh' Bestuurder' l968' Paarl

Cawood J, 38, Nell t,lapiusiiaat 1 Stellenbosch/Universi[erl van Stellenbosch, Snr Lektor

(Opv), 1975, Hopef ieldceirlers A B. 42, Uniewinkels Kaapstad, Bestuurder, 1966' Heilbron

Celliers A W,36, N G Kerk Nigel, Predikant, 1967, Pretoria

Celliers J G. 31 , Unionstraal 9 Dundee, Geregsbode' 1964' Durban

Celliers J 2.32, Rodewal Ermelo, Boer, .l 976

Celliers S, 46 S A S & H Standerton, Klerk, 1965

C"riiu,i w C, sz, J G Strijdomdam Jozini, Geneesheer' 1973' Standerton - ,

Chambertain H J, 39, Oe"on*eg qiA1111t Durban, Elektroniese Tegn(W N N R)' 1976'

KaapstadCnanf,uion f- J S,34, Universiteit van die Noorde PK Sovenga' lgltolr 19]5' Preloria

cnrrfni"..n s, 2g Le Rouxslraat 7 Robertson, onderwyser, 1972, Die Strant

Cnuicfr ff R, 43, S A S & H Bloemfontein, Snr Klerk' 1970

ChurchSdur'21'PleNGKerxodendaalsrus'Predikant,l963,StellenboschCnrtin S J,46, Venter & du Preez Bothaville, Sakeman' 1964' Kroonstad

Cif fie C O, 49, Oorsprongberg Bethlehem' Boer' 1964' Wellington

Cittiefl,2T,PlANGPasto"riePKPaterson'NGPredikant'1974'PaailCillie G G, Stellenbosch - Die Pieke

ciiii" J r, 38, Bakenberg sendingstasre pK Suswe, Geneesheer, 1975, Pretoria

cillie p J, 30, ,,ryERK a Luuil srn""viioe pretoria, Adi-parlement6re, Klerk 1971, Kaapstad

cillie p J, professor t"roernaristLxistellenbosch Bedakteur Die Burger lans voorsitter

Nasronale Persciiliers A 8,38, P/A Alhlone skool vir Blindes Bellville, skoolhoof, 1968, Port Elizabeth

Cirri",i n v Z, 42, Landdroskantoor Knysna, Landdros' 1967' Lyttleton

ciltiers B, 30, ctarkweg zi eie,ternaritiburg/Univ Natat, Lektor, l971, Bloemfontein

cilliers c H, Ho6r Terrasweg 4Menlo park iretoria - Skakel by Univ van Prelot,ia 4 2.1976

Ciltiers D H (Lid Nr zsZl pr;Lssoi - Universiteit van Pretoria - Voorgestel vir die UR 1968

Cilliers J, 3i, Kleinlonlein Swellendam, Boer, 1965

Cittiers J A H, 34, Voorslag PK Warden, Boer, .1 973' Theunissen

Cittiers ,.1 F, 29, Lake Banagha.r Chrissiesmeer, Boer' 1971' Heilbron

Ciltiers .l L le R, SekretarisTTesourrer by Kongres van S A

V.runiging vir Bevordering van die Opvoedkunde in Kaapstad

197 4

CilliersPHK,34,P/AHFVerwoerdhospitaal/BeechstraatlTTLynnwoodrifPretoria,Chirurg/Leklor, 1975

Cittiers i,l, 41, S A S & H Upington, Betaalmeester' 1966

ciiii"ti p J'v d M 29,P/A Hberixoot Pretoria-wes' onderwyser' I968

Ciiri"ri W C (Jnr),27, Sierrngbank PK Ascent, Boer' 1970' Vrede

Cfu".e E 40, Sasot Sasolbuig, Chem lngenieur' 1967' Viljoenskroon

claasen J N, 39, Diasstraal westonaria,-Hysbakbestuurder, 1966, Carletonville

Cf.ri". J y,45, Buro viiSraatsveiligheid Fretoria, lnligtingsbeampte, 1974, Durban r

Ct"i."n. J G, 36, Orab Mariental, Boer, 1977, Kamanjab

Ct"rrrunDG,336deLaanHeideibergTvl,HoofvanWerke'1975'GeorgeClaassen Johan, Gewese Springbok Kaptein

ctaassen J D,45, r.r c pisl6rie"sidwelt port Etizabeth, Predikant, 1965, Kirkwood

Ctuu.,"n N, 30, P/A onderstepoort Pretoria, Skeikundige, -l 965, Nylstroom

Ctiut."n P J,29, Leeuklip Stoitberg, Onderwyser' 1974' Ohrigstad

Claassens C C, Lid uan die U R se Landbou-Kommittee 1973

Ct.u..un. C J, 28, F C U Pofadder, Skaap & Woldeskundige 1971 -Claassens D J, 30, foyr"t"an SO Ciosby johannesburg' Hervormde Predikant' 1972'

Hartbees{onteinClaassens F L, 27, Laerskool Mariental, Onderwyser' 1965' Worceste

ctii.."n. G C D 37 e7n oept van walerwesepatensie, lngenieur, 1967, Worcester

Claassens H C, Estcourt - Praat oor Kommunisme By Bondsraad van 1969

A16

ta0

Claassens H C, 33, Allenciale Greytown, Boer, 196g, Nongoma

"'?3;rurrr H L' Frorida - ondersteun erriiaunr"Gr.e-ondernemings By Bondsraad van

Claassens J J,32, Ho6rskoot Sasotburg, Onderwyser, 1973, MarientalClaassens W K, 40, Norriseep Onseep[ans, A;"r1 I gzOClark A, 32, S A Huis Tralalgarplein r'onJen fCJ*u." privaalsekretaris van Dr carel de_ Wet), tvlinerate Attache, t 5Z+, XaapstaJa

?'#3 Bi,ol?n!:J,,."straat 46 constaniiar<toof /Roodepoort Wes Laerskoor, vise_Hoor,

Clase F E, 39. Oranrehof Koshuis Boshof, Onderwyser. 196g, Brancjfortcrassen J J, 27. Noordsr.u.iiort"' ii.;.;yr;;'1;65, pretoria

:f::^.i R,y j1 Arg.irek AFD S A u K J"nrir.rowg projekreier, 1e73uruere A, zrz, Havensrevnweg 24 Kampsbaai, Fabrieksbestuurder, 1g72, BroemlonteinCtoere A J, 32, Rhebokir<raalMccregoa-B;r., i96; pretorjaCloete B D, 38, Randstraat 73 Kostei/Vott<s,,as g-eitrrrOer, 1971, pretoriaCloete C de M,34, Constantia Skoor px i"Ji..i, ciid.,*yr.,, rsdz, nuiienourgcloete c

-s E 45 spoorwegporisie atoemronteir, iritunu,it, igoz, pl"ttrJ""" 'Cloete F S M,29, Mutual plein t0 Ermelo f".O"rtr .t 969, JohannesburgCloete G, 35, p/A Votkskas Vanderbijlpari< n"*unil""rt"r tg73, EmpangeniCloete J C, 41, Dept van SqgI _&^Olirpi...S pi;iorra, Skakelbeampre, 1973

:l?:l: { 9 !,.31, Bruegum pK Bainsvtli, a"i,,, igoa, windhoekuroere J J. 34, urtkyk sutherland. Boer, 1966Cloete P C, 32, N G pastorie Vrede_Wes, predikant, 1966, JohannesburgCloete S A, 36, Olifantsvtei Eikenhof, Sp"rroli, f S6A, SterksrroomCloete T T, 44, p /A Unjversiteit van port Ef ornutn]Frofessor, 1968, potchefstroomCoertze H J, 34, Tweeoanne Distrik Wotm;;;;ri.o, Ao",, 1968, Schweizer_Renekecoerrze J A 39 p/A Adamas paper Mirs porr Er,rab^etn Bestuurshoof, 1g77. springsCoertze J H, 41, S A S & H Johannesburl, xi"*,le6cCoertze P J, Gewese Hoof van Rntropoio['ie dept, iiotesso,Coerlze R D (Lid Nr 7673) prerona, fetroi rt#Coertze T F, 48, Merrivale pietermaritzbuig i"ot A S V, 1976, Durbancoertzen c R, 43, skoorterrein roerst<oot

-riie s-rrt"'ciorg" onderhoof, 1972, Kaapstad."fi[i;l]i F, 3e, i2de Laan 1 rhabazimnrzcesonil'eioixomitGe, s.ri,.i*iJ,,iizo

Coetsee D A, 45, pretoriaweg 17j Germiston, Onderwyser, 1969, HeilbronCoetsee E, 31, p/A Sanlam klerksdorp V"it".n*oorOiger, 1 968, DurbanCoetsee F p,33, Hoerskoot Chrirriuna, OnOLi*vr"i rsOA potchefstroomcoetsee J A,34. president rngenreurswerku, gJrtrienoe Direkteur, ,,g73,

sasolburgCoetsee tV J, 39, p/A prim6r6 skool/pres R'.d.rrr;i 1 Harrismith, Adj_Hoof, 1975,LadybrandCoetsee S,32, p/A S A S & H Oos_Londen, Timmerman, 1963, Burgersdorpcoetsee w D' 42, Ansonsrraat 64 Robertsham iet enreeste r, lgT2, BroemfonteinCoetser P P J, 42, yskor Vanderbiltpart<, tnsirume"nii"ngenierr, .l g68, pretoriaCoetzee A C A 33, Hoooestraat f

'e'f eotjieie,srr..'npt"f,.. 1967, potchefstroomCoetzee A G (Lid nr 7ZdBt, KnapdaarCoetzee A J, 33, Geref pastoria bolesberg, predikant, l966, f\,4arnitz Tvlcoetzee A J, 33, p/A wornrt ept nanoionie,n, ii;i-ooroestuurder 1967 Rustenburg:::11:: I .l

^rr^I,,p??l pK Rykaarrspor. eo., l'si5 ventersdorpuuerzee A J A, J9, Berostraat 25 Springbok. Mynkommrssaris, t gis, windhoekCoetzee A L 28 pzA deref x".*_Ult..tot vu.rirr!. i."oir,anl. 1968. porche,slroom

Coetzee A p, 31, Grensstraat 26 parys, i"runuri, lg'OS Jon.nn.r-O-rrgCoetzee A P, 36, p/A O,Kiep Kopermaatsiafpy f.luOuOe"p Rekeninge Kterk, 1973,AlexanderbaaiCoetzee A P S,33, p/A N G Kerk Vryheid_Suid, predikant, 1970, Randgatecoetzee c, 41, Hartebeesfontein pK 'Brits,

suk.r.n7bro chemikus, i975, witbankCoetzee C F C,28, Geref pastoria Lori. ir.f.,rili preOit ant l973, potchefslroomCoetzee C F C, 39, S A potisie rroriOa nr4ooi, i"Sbil )onannesOrrgCoetzee C G, 28. Landbou-Tegn Dienste i;[;"f;i;;r, Navorser, l966, BtoemfonteinCoetzee Chris J, Gewese Bekior potcnefrt.o, ti.i""oiteit, prolessorCoetzee C J S, 42, Hoerskoot Cotisny, O;;;;;"i ;9;7, Venrersdorp

t76t68

,s

417

Coetzee C M, 33, Steyldrift Oudtshoorn, Boer' I966

Coetzee C N,33, Caledonstraat Ficksburg, Boer,1968Coetzee D, 39, Harleysf raai'Oostersee Paiow/Santam, Takbestuurder, 1970, Oudtshoorn

C;;;;" O J, Sz, P/A Sanlam Springbok' Takbestuurder' 1 975' Mariental

Coetzee D J,40, Farqarweg 155 Laiysmith/S A Polisie' Kaptein' 1971' Dundee

Coetzee D J (Dr), Lid van U R se Jeugkomiteeln 1973

a;;i;;" D P,'25, P/A Albert Koop Veiterstad, Bestuurder' 1967' Burgersdorp

Coetzee F A J, 30, P/A BBK Durban, Organiseerder' 1975

coetzee F C T, 39, nmaXavastriai l Kin6 williamstown, Direkleur van Landbou, 1972,

Middelburg KPCoetiee F J:41 P/A Sasol-Gasskema Sasolburg' Bestuurder' 1964' Pietersbl.'jrg

coetzee G H J, 43, neitzstraa[dMu,uitonlHoer.xool D F Matan, onderhoof, 1972' Florida

coetzee G J,3g, pin Nas aoekn"rid.LJon"nnesburg, Bestuurder,1965, Port Elizabeth

a;;i;;; c,1, so P/A o'Kiep Koper Mpv lngenieur' 1974' Stellenbosch

coetzee c J J, 37, Ou roiiiiraai'oin cdrter-uittelvotkskas, Bestuurder, 1-972, Bellville

CoetzeeGJS,3T,OnOerwysfottegePotchetstroom,snrDosent'.1966'Pretoriacoetzee H 8,32, ple rvrsJnaaJbntw Buitestedetike Geb (Dept Hoofing), Klerk, 1975'

Germistondi;;; H J, 37, P U vir cHo Potchefstroom, Rekenmeester' 1968

Coetzee l, 32, Doverweg iO Weniwo'tn Durban/S A Polisie' Kaptein' 1971' Vryheid

Coetzee I S, 43, Poskantoor Marble Hall, Posmeester' 1965' Petrusberg

a;;i;;; J, 35, Munisipaliteit Krugersdorp, Snr Koml(lerk' I965' Boksburg

a;;i;;; J, es, pln s n porisie llnannesburg' Adj-orfisier' 1975' Randlontein

a;;i;;; J n aa, Drostdv Mosselbaai, Landdros' 1970' Pretoria

Coetzee J A, 44, Vermaas, Winkelier/Boer, I973' Zeerust

a;;ir;; I c, ga, Bergsigkoshuis Gre;lton, Skoolhool 1 966' Kaapslad .

Coetzee J C,32, pln r-anioiosxanto6r Venterstad' Landdros' 1966' Middelburg K P

coetzee J c, 39, pln pestroiloninnesourg, Besturende Direkteur, 1 968, ottosdal

Co"ti.. J C 31, Hongerklool Steynsburg, Boer' 1967

Coetzee J C van Z (Lrd Nr 7726)' Alberton 1963--^Co"ii.u J E, 30, Vaalbank Reddersburg' Boer 1-97-6' Edenburg

Coetzee J G,4l, Oouoroniein px Rooiioogte KP' Boer' 1967' Middelbut.s- K P .

Coetzee J G du p, ga, Otiis-ierstaan Z8 potin.i.troom/S A Weermag, Offisier, 1976,

PretoriaCoetzee J 11,27, De Aar, Onderwyser, 1967' Piketberg

a;;i;;; I n, so, Geref Pastorie Edenvale, Predikant' 1 963' Potchefstroom

Co"ii"" J H, 43, Bloemhol PK Kayaseput, Boer' 1968

c;;ir;; J u (pror) (Lid N;2300) Oekaan van Kunsfakulreit P U vir cHo Potchelstroom -1963 - Voorgestel U R 1968

coetzee J H F, 34, p/n Hoerilool staats president c R swart Pretoria, onderwyser, 1975.

MiddelburgCoetiue.l J]+s, zOe Laan 3 Springbok, Sakeman' 1976' Plettenbergbaai -Coetzee J J H, 29, pln Sa.=oiSal6rOurg'Ass Opleidingsbeamptg' t.So.O Bloemfontein

Coetiee J 1,34, N G Keix Johannesburg-Suid' Predikant' 1964' Pretoria

CoetzeeJN,45,prnpersoneeratoeting-trootoestuurderSAS&HJohannesburg,Klerk,1 964

CoetzeeJN,30,P/ALaerskoolOranieMaitland'Onderhoof'1967'TouwsrivierIcoetzee J N C J, eg, xesteltsiraai to3 potgi"t"rsrus, onderwyser,.1.972, Groblersdal

Coetzee J P, 45, Krygsproduksie Pretoria, Direkteur' 1964' Vereeniging ,

Coetzee J S, 34, Essenhoutstraat 1 9 Phalaborwa, Prokureur' 1 966' Bethulie

co.t."" K H S,36, Oraaiwater s A polisie Lambertsbaai, sersant, 1965, Nuwerus

Coetzee L, 29, P I A Onderstepoort Pretoria, Dosent, 1966' Pretoria -Coetzee L C,35, autnuiaitiiJat 6, Paarl/Saambou, Bestuurder' 1971' Pretoria

Coetzee N,30, Louwsrus Jamestown' Boer, 1970

Co"tr"" N C, 43, P/A Yskor Pretoria/Med Fonds, Klerk' I968

a;;i;; r.r J'n, SS, ple "ronann nissiksrool Johannesburg, Oll"lyv:"1: 1965, Piketbers

c;;ir;; N p 32 rrragarieib;rg Graankooperasie, Sekretaris, 1976, Stellenbosch

co"ii"" p A A,41, peri"uisz"Hurdap Nedersetting Marienral, Boer, 1976, o'Kiep

Coetzee P C,32, PK Mfolozi, Onderwyser, l967, Pretoria

a;;;;. P F,33, SeLaan 124 Roodepoort-Noord, onderwyser' 1968' Eikenhof

A18

1972.

Roridaabeth

fllle

1 975,

d

Coetzee p H,27, N G Kerk Graskop, predikant, 1967, preforiacoetzee p H' 36' p/ADreyer oirr,["r. a uilgiwe"rs gto_emronrein, Adm Beampte, r972.tilrri:,[,i;"r8. Brishtonryraan ii sr;;"",.;Y;ni'pon Erizaberh, Kinderarrs, 1e66,

"""tiz.n'nJ,fi! ::?lio",o Redakreur van Kerkbtad _ I e63 (By Bondsraad 1 e6e sepraar

Coetzee p J 36, Athene-plaas Cashel, Boet, lgTz,VereenigingCoetzee p J, 37, p /A o,^"]-"ll1r: ,O,.O.i*V"kirtl"g.l,'Oor"n,, 1974, porgielersruscoerzee p J, 39. p/A Ho6rskoor voortre(rer'Boiiourg. vrse-n."r isi;',r;.g;riesburgCoetzee p K, 40 Kander"a,sririei-Ouoi.t."rr'leilr, ,ezoCoetzee S F, 2g, Blaauwputs Goabeb g"th".i;, Bo"r, .l

976, GoabebCoelzee s F, 33, pua wihonoer. i;#;;i, U;;;_?"oo,, ,e74, KeetmanshoooCoetzee S J. 41. Holoan Oist l, a,ico 6o"el. rii!,'r_].ntunO*gcoetzee s J 42 prA Feedo NywerheJ" i.i^-itn Besturende Direkteur, 1974Coetzee S J J, 4.1 , Skoolstraat'erlttont"in 'Vi."-iiir.f 1975, BtoemfonteinCoetzee S p B, 46, ScnalX Coetzee epi".,f,'V":r"".iging, Apteker, 1970, ResidensiaCoelzee W C, 41, nanOCarOiOe Wi,d;;[ &fiffi;:coetzee w JrLij Nr iobsl werkom. Joerneriq 1qje 1964 Murraysburg

t?j,o:"r[*l"ffarburgersingel g eroemrontein irTiv-.t.rt." slreekdirekleur virCoerlze C R F,35, p/A S A Wegrrlag pretoria, Sersant_Majoor, 1968Coetzer F C,31, p/A Mernespruli.ilei"'sr"bi"vi.. noor, 1975, WetkomCoetzer F J, 36, p/A Universiieit Sielf"rOo."n, S"i iektor, .l

974

"?"$i:*:.r:i sudburvlaan i is6 or;"..;oi')'u'niu",..lt"il van pretoria, Hoor FisieseCoetzer J H, 36, S A S polisie Johannesburg, Luitenanl, 1967, Durbancoerzer J J, 4s, wester" n" oins.;;" ili"ily,r',"iiiJl* 1966, Grobtersdatcoetzer J p, 41, Laerskoor Karie"J. il";;-il;;illiie, s*oornoor 1e65, Heiderberscoetzer J p J.41, Deor ',ustisie pr"torli-onili."*r""t"ri.

1966, port ElizabethCoetzerpA.46, SAS & H pretoria B6nrr*"iNrip"r,t"ur, 1968Coetzer p W J, 36, Kameetdrif x".*"-golpili",i"ii'ng"ni"rr. opmerer, 1974Coetzer W C (Lid Nr 7769), Vryheid, rg6S -'""*' '

""ail,i.Xd;3i, Dept lnligting King Witriamstown, Srreekverreenwoordiger, 1967Collins J, 4l,Hoer Handelskool pretersburg Waarn Hoof, l970, LagersdrifColyn C F, 29, pier Retietstraar ce fLrrt.i 'b;,d"r*yser, .t 970coryn R H N' 31 p/A Gevangenisterrein Baviaanspoort, Kaptein, rgTr, Vereeniging""##ffil; 4s,p/A ont,iurn inr,#.-,. i"nr'.",{J.ours, Snr Aanstaer, 1e6e,lcombrinck H A, 32. Freemanvire Krerksdorp, onderwyser, 1g66, VoortrekkerhoogteCombrrnck H C, 42. p/A Uniesraatk;d;t; ;;r,vereeniging tngenieur, 1974,Combrinck L W, 31. Matanstraat ZZ Wor.".tlr 'fili.r,. 1964, Busrenburo..#iJiT$,:r34 combrink nptu.r H)V aor"n_ a',illn.,,".,Rusrenburs, ipr"L",., r szt,combrink H J B (Dr). Andreraan 7 presidentrrf/R A U, snr Leklor, 1g71, pretoriaCombrink J C. 39. Dahliasrral e"ri..t, Vi.._; iit^16ro.Herdetberg Tvtcombrrnk J H,26 p/A prok-Geni pr"i.rr"iiirorrg'Siaatsaovoxaar.

1965, KimberreyCombrrnk p. 42. N G pasrone upingt;n, pr;j*"ri ,"g'oo NiekerkshoopCombrink p M, 38, Vaalkop Koedo,irr,op A;i.l 973lwarmbaoConradie A B 28. S A potrsie xrrprirolLitt"nrni,'igos Surhertand

iiii:3i: l F ?!:l,r,Lx"#,fi,:g:i:iffi i',' i"r.nmeesrer,-1 e67, saso,burg

""fl:ffi 3 du p, 39, Western Riei OouOmyn 6rrney, personeerbestuurder,

1967,Conradie D. 34, p / A Mrni.,p:lt?ll pietersblrg, Adj-sradstesou tiet. lgT4.RusrenburgConradre D 1 41, Lot _ H 104 Htuhtuwe, Ao;ilS;ku-ran, jgTt,pretoilaa"#flrJ:rii_i:, Lanseracwes 1 I Steltenbosch/Br;;', Studenre Voorltsring, Hoof , i e75."J,li::?5#Jlrrx

iL66? oranjezicht Kaapstad _ L V (Voorheen L U K) _ Voorsestervir

lrn -! 975

l.ler<

]erg,il

419

conradie F J (F SN), 37,PlA Pastorie Vanwyksdorp Dist Ladismith K P, Predikant, 1970,

De DoornsConradie H A, 31 , Stofberg & Conradie Worcester, Prokureur, 1968, Bellville

Conradie H F,37, P/A Nasionale Pers Bpk Kaapstad, Hoolrekenmeester, 1968

Conradie H J, 36, P/A Minister van Vervoer Pretoria, Klerk, 1965, JohannesburgConradie J B, 37, Schubertstraat 9 Potchefstroom, Argitek, 1972, Klerksdorp

Conradie J D L R,40, Potgieterstraat 6 Brils, Geneesheer, 1970, Lichlenburg

Conradie J F f , 44, P/A Yskor Pretoria, Afdelingshoof, 1963Conradie J G J,34, P/A Traverso Durbanville, Rekenmeester, 1964, Parow

Conradre P, 32, P I A Hoi:rskool Wolmaransstad, Onderwyser, 1 967, Lyttelton

Conradie P A (Dr), OpvoedkundigeConradie p D b,33 bttisierslaan I Milit6re Basis Potchelstroom, N G Kapelaan, 1974'

StellenboschConradie P J.43. Universiteit van Stellenbosch, Snr Lektor,

.1 970, Pretoria

Conradie P J, 26, Leeufontein Murraysburg, Boer, 1976' Graaff-Reinet

Conradie P J (Lid Nr 2973), S A S & H Johannesburg - Voorgestel U R 1968'

AfdelingsbestuurderConradie-P J,33, Annastraat 5 Lambton Nr 2, Germiston, Onderwyser, 1968'

PotchefstroomConradre P J,53, Doornhoek Schweizer-Reneke, Boer, l965Conradie P J T,43, Saaiplaas PK Matjiesfontein, Boer, 1968, Laingsburg

Conradie P v G, 41 Werda Nuy/Worcester, Boer, .l

966

Conradie R P, 44, Dorpsigstra;t 23, Stellenbosch (Skakel by Universiteit Stellenbosch

1976), Adm Beampte, 1964, BloemfonteinConradie T A, 37, P/A Sasol Sasolburg, Bedryfsingenieur, 1 964, Robertson

Conradie W S, 30, Wilanda Biesiesvlei, Boer, 1970

Conradie W S, 33, Posbus 4 Vermaas, Boer, .l

97'1

Conradie W S, 32, Kaallaagte PK Biesjesvlei, Boer, 1969

Cooke B,28, Tradouwshoek Barrydale, Boer, l964cornelissen A, 31 , P/A Provinsiale Biblioteek Bloemfontein, organiseerder, 1969,

KaapstadCorneiissen C p , 42, p /A Volkskas Markstraal Johannesburg, Onder-Rekenmeester, I 968

PrieskaCornelius H J, 39, H T S Tom Naude Pietersburg, onderwyser, 1968, Krugersdorp

cornelius L F 8,33, Utrechtstraat 37 Vryheid, onderwyser, 1976, Johannesburg

Cornelius M J,39, Dorpstraat 1, Pietersburg, Onderwyser,1968, Krugersdorp

Corver T G, 39, Alma Pk Warden, Boer/Sakeman, 1968-owley R, 44,plA Hodrskool Pearson Port Elizabeth, Skoolhoof (Adj), 1974, Gansbaai

Craffoid C P de W,46, S A Polisie Pretoria, Maioor, 1966, Grootlontein

crafford c P de W 30,28ste Laan 810 Rietlontein/s A Polisie, Luitenant, 1976,

JohannesburgCrafford D, 33,

-Rivonisendingstasie Acornhoek, Sendeling, 1968 Vaalharts

Crafford D F,38 P/A Nederlandse Bank Kaapstad, Klerk, 1963, Ladismith

Craflord D J, 26, Chinota Plaas lnyazura' Boer, 1970, Umtali

crafford D J A G,37, Afdelingsraad Mafeking, Asst Sekretaris, 1966, Biversdale

Crafford J A,42, Crafford Du Toit & Vennote Pretoria, Rekenmeester, 1965

Cratlord J E,53, Chinota Plaas lnyasura, Boer, 1964, Fort victoria 'Crafford J M,40, Langeberg Kdop Boksburg, Bestuurder, 1964, Franschoek

Crafford W A 29, Rooilaagte Plaas lnyazura, Boer, 1974

Craffort D L, 27, Milit6re 6asis Flundu/S A Weermag, Soldaat, 1977, Bethlehem

Crause C A, 39, Universiteitskollege Fort Hare, Pro{essor, 1968' Pretoria

Crause H J p, 26, Jan van Riebeeclrylaan 33 Stilfontein, N G Predikant, 1976, Slellenbosch

Crause T D 33, P/A lmpala-Apteek Vereeniging, Apteker, 1968, Potchelstrgom

Cronle A P J, 40, Volkskool Allanridge, Skoolhoof, 1970, Hennenman

Cronje B J,42, N G Pastorie Erandlort, Predikant' 1965, Edinburg

Cronie C P R, 31 , Nas Padveiligheid Pretoria' Welsynsbeampte, 1975

Cronje G, 46, Pilgrimsrust Dordrecht, Boer, 1976Cornje G F P,34, "Hou Aan" - Theunissen, Boer, 1966

Cronje H J,37, Cyferfontein Edenburg, Boer, 1963Cronle H J O, 37, Hopef ield Viljoenskroon' Boer' 1977, Bloemfontein

420

a.t 1 970. Cronle J Farrelweg 7, Greenside Johannesburg _ (Skakel by R A U 4.2.76)Cronle J, Voorsrlter van Johannesburg SentiatdXomiteecronje J, 36, suid-Natarse Hodr Hand-ersrooipori sn"pstone, Vise_H oot, 19r2, pretoriaCronje J C J, 39, poskantoor Bethlehem, Xterk igO+, Senekalcronje J l, 29, cabre Hiil 13 simonstaou s e-vrfotl"wersynsoffisier, 1g72, pretoriaCronje J J A, 39, Magazynstraat 44A pietersburt, OnO.r*yr"r, ,l976,

MessinaCronj6 J M, 49, Juliaiasiraat 2 Oberhofzer, Slnjering, 1964, MadzimoyoCronje J P,35, posbus 82 Maletane, goer'te7S,-WitrivierCronje J P, 34, p /A Munisipaliteir Brandfort, i"ibrri"r, 1975, Witbankcronje J P,36, p/A Noord-wes Koop Lichtenburg Froot Bereken Afd, 1976, preloriaCronje N 1,42, Joubertspark Disr oewetsooip, EJLi, rgoz BtoemfonlejnCronje N R, 48. Lincotnsi-rire Memel, Bo";-iti66

-"Cronje N S, 28. Harry Millerweg Estcourt, OnO"r*y."r, 1972. Kaapstadcronle P c J s, 45 Minaraan s noarayuiu*TvreiJs""ntrarr Kodp Amptena ar.19roLouis Trichardtcronje P J' 32' p /A S A weerm-ag potcherstroom, Sportoffisier, 1g75, oudtshoornCronje P J. 40 Kevtersrraat 1 I Or;dtshoorn- OnJ",*i.er, 1923, Knysnacronje pJ,42, sA s a H Johanneslbu;;, xr.r.rljgoi KrmberreyCrots F P, 36, Smitswinket Marken, goei tgZS, preiorraCrous G I, 24, Seunskoshuis pk Williston OnJur*y.ur, 1967, Graaff-Reinetcrous J J,32 p r A Groorhoek Hospiraar pK korrngpl;t, cuneesheer, 1965, ieideroerg TvtCrouse Cas, Unisa pretoria (UniversitertsraaOy, SiaiistiXus tSZ+Crouse C F, 29, Unisa pretoiia, Snr t_ettor t SjOO-, iri,gersoorpCrouse M, 39, palmietrivier _ pk Jansenviile, A;er, igOOCrouse M J, 49, S A S & H Johannesburg, S"iiflrf 1966, Cradockcrowther N A s, 3r, Avonmouthsinget rdsomeritrano port Erizabeth, professor/UpE

1975, Pretoriacrowther R F, 33, Andries pretoriusstraat Reddersburg, skoorhoof, 1973, RouxviileCrowther R F, 31, Mitirdre Kamp Berhtehem, k6!ri; 1965, Kesreltcruywagen A G 43, p/A Stadsraad Germiston.'verkeershoof. 1g74. KrugersdorpCruywagen J S, 42, Volkskas Umlqta, netenmeJei, .l g77, Leeudoring.irt---

,

cruywagen p H, 37, Gardenwe^g 10 Norwoord, r;;t;un profstowwe, r665,-BeilvirreCruywagen W A, Minister van dnderwys en OpteijingCuyler A du P, 32. Thringstraat 10 Kroonstad.'Vue"ris 1927, potchefstroomCuyler E (Lrd Nr 4580), 6"*"re Stadsraadslid vir Johannesburg & Senator

D

Dafel D J, 33, Die Residens.ie Louwsburg, Landdros, 1975, port ShepstoneDafel H J, 39, Vierdestraat 127 Naboomipruit npi.i.r, 1972, WolmaranstadDahms J S, 38, Umgenistraar Drieriviere V";;";iir;g: Chirurg, 1966, Bethat-Dames J c, 44, Alusaf Richardsbaai/Bantoe nJriinistrrriu, F"r.on""ro-"uilpte, 1973,NewcastleDannhauser A G,39, Natarse Landbou Ko6p Hruhruwe, Takbestuurder, 1966, BergviileDannhauser D J J, 34, N G t(erk, Sinoville ii.roii"lpruOirant,r Sii, V;le;;;rSDannhauser L p,41, D F Matanlaan t99 LytteltonT'Lugmag, Kaplein, 196g, ElsburgDa silva A A, 30, N H Kerk pretoria_Wes, pr"J,fintlf eZS,ioninn.rOriiDavel D L,,38, Engetbrechtstraat Viljoenskroon Sf,oofnoot, f SzO, SastiO"urgDavel E J, 39, Groenvlei Carolina, Boer.19lZDavel H J S,4l, yskor Vanderbijlpark, lngenLut,lgl4, KrugersdorpDavel J, 30, Kalkkrans Utrecht, Boer. 1 96-9Davel J G A, 30, Koppie Alleen Badplaas, Boer, 1976Pavgl W J, 34, Frisgewaagd Utrecht. Boer Ig74

- -

Davids A J, 35. Oosweo 6 Otjiwarongo, prokureur, 1974, OutjoDavids F J, Zg p /A yaiOeck'& Xt. do, LonJ"n, proiureur, t gO5Davis c P, 35, P/A H F Verwoerdtrospitaar pretoria, Kiiniese Assistent 1974, RustenburgDeacon N J, Lid van Uitvoerend Raad se f_anO'Oou'iomittee in 1973De Beer A, 37, Avondale Manskoshuis OnOerwyit<ottege pretoria, Snr Dosent, 1g70,JohannesburgDe Beer A B, 38, "Duminy,, Witrivier, Boer/Sakeman, 1977, Ottosdat

. 1O1 A

rr 1 968

"soaar

fl

421

DeBeerAJ,35,P/AFloridaHodrskoolFlorida,onderwyser,lgT4,Johannesb-urgDe Beer n s, sa Dept Kommunikasiekunde R A U Johannesburg' Leklor' 1 977'

BloemlonteinOe geet B H,37, Stoplekmotors Parys, Sakeman 1973' Lichtenburg

O" g"", C K; 34, Eddie se Beerstrait 15 Bloem{ontein, Bestekopnemer' 1973

De Beer C S,33, N G Pastorie Elsburg, Predikant, 1970' Stellenbosch

o" e"", D L,39, p/A Gerel Kerk potlietersrus, Predikant, 1975, Potchetstroom.

De Beer D p, 35, presideni ve;s;keriigsmpy Johannesburg, Versekeringsklerk, 1 969,

NylstroomDeBeerDW,33,P/AGenMinandFinanceCorpRandburg'Personeelbestuurder'1975

Bellvilleo" ee"' E J, 36' P/A Laerskool D F Malherbe Vanderbijlpark, onderhool

,1969 .Pietersburg

o" aL., F C,33, Krugerstriat ig, Bronkhorstspruit, Prokureur, 1976. Polchelstroom

DeBeerG,33,GoudstaoOnOerwysXollegeJohannesburg'Snr-Lektor'1966'LanglaagteDeBeerGA,23,UnderhollSSelectionpark,Onderwyser'1968'Springs--De Beer F, 41, P I A Hoorsxooi J"n-OL xi"tx Krugersdbrp' Onderhool 1 965 Boksburg

DeBeerGJE'30,P/ARadioBantoeJohannes_burg,HoofSwahilidiens,lgT3,PretoriaDe Beer I l, 39, Crowstraaii uorison Hoodepoort, Diamantslyper, 1975, Johannesburg

De Beer J,48, Switchstraar so iower Park Johannesburg, Voorman Elektrisidn' 1971'

BurgersdorPDeBeerJ'46,Woodlandsrylaanll52,oueenswoodPretoria,Adj-Staatsdrukker,1968O" S.", J G W,31, Shipleyweg 7,Fer:ryvale Nigel' Prokureur' 1976' Potchefstroom

O" A""t J J 1,44, Eeuleesitrait 21 Pretoria-Noord, Onderwyser' 1968

D; B;;r J.l .l gr, P/A Hodr Tegn Skool Pietersburg, onderwyser' 1974' Pretoria

De Beer J L, 33, Witbank PK Davel, Boer, 1971' Pretoria

D; B;;r, I I P, 37, P I A Aidelingsraad Barkly-oos, Sekretaris' 1 969' Rossouw

O" S."t "r P, 46, P/A Hodrskool Ellisras' Skoolhool, 1 967' Pietersburg

O.A."rJM,40,P/ASanlamVereeniging,Taksekretaris'.1967'BellvilleKPDe Beer M J,36, Sanlam Vryburg, Verteenwoordiger, 1968' Johannesburg

O" g""t N J,38, P/A BAR Ooskaap/Wodehousestraat 99 Oueenstown'

Personeelbeampte, 1 975, SterkstroomDe Beer P,41 ,PlA S A Weermag Pretoria, Brigadier' I976

D; B;;t p, ZS, Ou Toitstraat 15 (iblerspark, Onderwyser' l971' Pretoria

De Beer P J, 35, P/A r'r riierf Johannesburg-Wes' Fredikant' 1975' Eikenhol .De Beer R J, 34, Boerser".ir"rt ZS Universita! Bloemfontein, N G Predikant, I973. Benont

De Beer S A, 31 , Weseinoeiiraat a postmasburg, Hoofvoorligtingsbeampte, I971, Preloria

o" g""t S J: 27, N G Pastorie Komalipoort, Predikant' 1968' Slellenbosch

De Beer s J,33, ntoertusiiraat 24 Wil'keville, onderwyser, 1966, Stilfontein

De Beer S J, 30, croretsri"at d-Oeisleypark, Volksraadstid' 1974' Magaliesburg

O" A""t S.l, Sa, Markplein Adelaide' Prokureur, 1964' Steynsburg ^De Beer S J M, 30, V". B;rd;;ilar 3-O Wiroank/vakteertingskool, onderwyser' 197C

PretoriaDeBeerrL,27,P/AFrancisDixBird&KieJohannesburg,ouditklerk,l963,BoshollO" g."r. V,31 P/A S A Spoorwee Pretoria' Skeikundige' 1967-M^6regloed

D; B;;r vri C r'rr,31 , P/Aiil Herv Pastorie Koster' Predikant' 1969' Coligny

De Beer 2.41 ,Voorwaart; Se;;skoshuis Pietersburg, Onderwyser, l968, Waterberg

D; B;;r 7'n .t (uio Nt 7727\ Marekins, 1963 . . ^^, 6^r^L *

De Beer 7 H. 41 ,ntr. eers. apx Johan"nesburg, Advertensie werwer, 1 964, Potchelstroon

De Bod A T, Lid van Atdelingsraad Oudtshoorn

Oe AoO S C, Af, Drostdy Koppies, Landdros, 1 975' Pongola

Oe Siuinn i, gs, Nictrd Boukontrakteurs Windhoek, lngenieur' 1.974 . ^--

De Bruin B D L,33, Duncanstraat 4 Brenthurst Brakpan' HoolYker' 1975

o" gr;in J c, zg, K o P Paul Roux, Verteenwoordiger, 1964' Fo-uriesburg

O" gruin M, 39, Lathamstraat 49 lrenepark, Narkotiseur' I971' Pretoria

De Bruin M H, 40, r""tri"rn'zs, oixn.iv, vakleerlingopleiding-lnslrukteu.r, .l 973, Vryburg

D; Bili; N,t til, sa, V"n Riebeeckstraat 38, Carolina, Weg-lnspekteur. 1974, Potchefstroom

Oe gruin f D.25, Volkskas Messina' Bekenmeester, 1965' Hennenman

De Bruin T F, 35, Lushof PK Vanzylsrust, Boer' 1 968

o. grrv., A36, Kingshoof*"g,aie'Lynn*ood pretoria/De Bruyn skoenwinkels, Direkteur

1 971

A22

De Bruyn A J,37' N G Kerk Mayfair-wes Johannesburg, predikant, 1g6g, GraudinaDe Bruyn B C, 3s, Krysstuigraa! i,r.to,i", e".i(afjIr a herenaairi'r srf lln?empdorpDe Bruyn E, 30, Munisipatiteit Eliot, Sr";skt;;i, idds, senexarDe Bruyn F R p,36, Geref Kerk C.'rr"ir.riii",'i;r"iir"nr, j967, porr EtizabethDe Bruyn F R p,27, p/A Munisiparitert wetxom, aibiioteLaris, 1g65, pietersburoDe Bruyn F R p, 3s, Geref pastorL F,";;;;iti;1i;,k.;;;p, p,;;li.ni'i'gX,Z"o'onDe Bruyn c A F, 35, S A S Bank _ Oos_f_onJen, ilsruuroer, tgOZDe Bruyn J H, 32, Landbou regniese Dien.i" i"irior.nol.roune-rt-srraat 46 Ladybrand,Tegnikus, 1 976, BethtehemDe Bruyn J J,36, p/A NoK.Johannesburg, Asst-Bestuurder, 1g75, Midderburg K pDe Bruyn J R, 38, Laerskoot Kuitsrivier, O;der;of,-i 969, port EtizabethDe Bruyn p J,37. Geerhoulweg aat nanJpiixriii'nanoourg, Assr Makeraar, 1977,GroblersdalDe Bruyn P ,,32, Geref Kerk Vereeniging - oos, predikant, 1967, sirvertonDe Bruyn S M, 45, Staatsmynopmeter Roodepoort, Hoof, 1964, RandfonteinDe crercq J.34.p/A Deot Bantoetare Universiteit'steilenbosch, Snr Lektor, 1g6gDe Dock D H,31, schoongezichtstraat 5 st"rr"noor"n, snr Lektor, r96g, pretoriaDeetlefs N J, 34, Eureka Riwsonvilte Boer, tgZ+

--'Deelle,s P p, 28, porterstraat AZ nawsonvitie,-Boer, 1965, GoudiniDeeilefs P p du T,3.r, Simonsbergraan 2 Durbanvirie, Geneesheer, .t g75, BeilviileDegenaar B p D, 39, Wilgervtei o6rrreyuilL, aoer)i-axeman, tgza,.rrffffffi

;i 28, prot r ds sanosprurr'pi ;io-n-""vffi / cotte;to;skoor, Vise-Hoof , I g7 1,

De Graaf H, 26. winoateweg.6g Montcrair Durban, Tandarts, 1964, pretoriaDe Haas p, 35, Tieki'edraai i,1ruzr, eo"i-i goe,ilk;.i"niDe Haas S H,44, Fernwood Mtubaruba, eo"i, i'gd6lvolxrrr.tDe Jager A J, 40, Kafferstad Hendrina, Boer 1966-'De Jager A J, 44, p/A Sooorwegpolisie Kaapstai, X.pt"in, 1 977, EssetenparkDe Jager A J. 29, ,,Corndate,,

nri",o""n, eoJi'idiii"De Jager C L (Lid Nr 4644),fretort" tpi"ii"nt'r<rriger;, erotessorDe Jager C J, 26, Ankerhoi Evandei 'i,okr;;; 'is"ot,

sprtns.De Jager C P, 33 p/A Jos.De Waaf a Xie-Vr1r=Origl"n.x"nr"uster, 1974,"rlj[Tr!.l;as, p/A ontvanser urn lnror'si" dleroria Rekenm""Jt"i, rgza,De Jager F A, 38, Hodrskool Villiera pretoria, Onderhoof, 1965De Jager c F, 43, p/A S A S & H pretoria. r<f"ik, lgOs BtoemfonteinDe Jager H J, 48, Rheboksfontein, _ VossetOaai, ALr, r soOO"*r"?:,", J A, 35, p/A Hodr HanOetsroor tygeiO"rJ-e*o*, Onderhoof, 1969, Ladysmith

De Jager J C L, 41, Rooirand.jies Thaba,Nchu, Boer, 1966De Jager J D U, 40, Framestraat glayfrliOdef6urgt-Suf"run, l971, ErmeloDe Jager J H, 41, Deramaresrraat ig Robertshair Jonannesourg, Geneesheer, 1 967,BoksburgDe Jager J H, 40, Schreiwers Claim Harrismith, Boer, j96gDe Jager J H S, 40, Hodrskool Voortrekker g.ti-,|"h;., Onderhoof , 1965, VredeDe Jager J J, 50, Uitkoms Hopelown, goer, f g63, CitexwastaODe Jager J J, 32, Warterraan 32, waverrev ir"ioii., c-"r"f predikant, 1972, potchefstroomDe Jager J J v N, 40, Drvlaan l0 Theunissen, Onderwyser, I g72, petrus StevnDe Jager J S, 34, Btoms[raat 1 parow_Noord vl."-Ho,jrl jgiol'Ji,"n'r.'rJg."'"r',De Jager J T H, 55, N G pastorie Marandellas, predikant, 1967, FouriesburgDe Jager J T H, Sarisbury-praat oor ntrir<aneiin nnooes,e by r 969 se BondsraadDe Jager L P' 34, Erektriese rnstalrasies stadsraad winonoet, rnspekteur, 1972,PietermaritzburgDe Jager N J' 37, p/A Hodrskoo.r Goudrif Germiston, onderhoof, .r

965, potchefskoomDe Jager N P J,31, Hoofsrraat Kenhardt/S A i"trsl;, b"r..nt, rgZi O"ri"p "'"'De Jager P J,49, Kinosweq 59 Bedfordview, uootoesruurder vetsak, 1971, ErmeroDe Jager P T, 33, pK-Besr6rs Ladysmith, il"r, 1gia,'pi"tersburgDe Jager p W, 32, Voo(rekkerstrait n iriloZUorjitaatraaO, Sekretaris, 1970De Jager S, 39, p/A Dirkie Uysskoor Joninn..-#g]tXootrroof, 1963, Tzaneen

1 969.

er l 975

ersburgom,Eiaagte

sburg)relona

)sburgr 97l

I 968|.rn

Benonrkelor a

1 97!

;lo*

;:lioc -

i0-r3Eroc.

<ta-'

423

De Jager S H F, 33, Toy Oosthuizenstraat, Bethlehem/Munisipaliteit Klerk v/d Raad, 1977.Brits

De Jonge J C, 38, Kampstraal Hoopstad/Hodrskool, Skoolhoof, I970, VrerfonteinDeJongh AJ,42,P/ANGPastorieGlenwoodDurban,Predikant, 1970,Schweizer-RenekeDe Jongh C,39, P/A S A Lugmag Preloria, Luitenant, 1968De Jongh C L, 38, "Vaatjie" Philadelphia, Plaasbestuurder, I969, MoorreesburgDe Jongh J P N,46, Hoerskool - Uniondale, Hool. .l 966, NieuwoudvilleDe Jongh J V, 38, Klipfonlein PK Ratelfontein, Boer, 1963, GraafwaterDe Jongh P E, 42, Volkskas Bpk Du Preezstraat Bredasdorp, Besluurder, .l

970, FicksburgDe Jongh T W (Dr), President van die Reserwe BankDe Jongh W H, 34, P/A Lutzville Wynkelder Lutzville, Bestuurder, 1975, UpingtonDekker A J,39, Jansensingel Phalaborwa/Frans Du Toit Ho6rskool, Skoolhoof, 1970,

NelspruilDekker D J N4,29, P/A N G Sendingpastorie Hluhluwe, Sendeling, 1969, VryheidDekker F A J J,43, Wesstraat 84 Vryheid, Veeartsenydienstegnoloog, 1973, PretoriaDekker G (Prol), Gewese Voorsitter van die Sensorraad 1963Dekker L W, 29, P/A Samuels Viljoen & Dekker Bloemfontein, Rekenmeester, 1963De Klerk A J, 39, P /A Wag-'n-Bietlie Handelaars Dordrecht, Sakeman, 1 968, Port ElizabethDe Klerk B D,34, Stephanopark l4 VanderbiJlpark, Onderwyser, 1971, lvlorgenzonDe Klerk B D, Robertson (Afdelingsrade)De Klerk B J,31, Meulstraat, Potchefstroom, Gereformeerde Predikant, 1977, GobabisDe Klerk C J, 38, Clifton Graaft-Reinet, Boer, 1965De Klerk F W,27, Pi A Theo Rood Boshoff & De Klerk Vereeniging, Prokureur, .l

964,Polchefstroom

De Klerk F W, Minister van Pos - & Telekommunikasiewese,Volkswelsyn & Pensioene

De Klerk H, 34, Federale Mynbou Johannesburg, Afdelingsbestuurder, 1 966Potchefstroom

De Klerk H J,29, P/A Meyer Nel & Kie Bethlehem, Ouditeur, l975, BloemfonteinDe Klerk I J, 37, Mondorp Bpk Johannesburg, Bemarkingbestuurder, 1974De Klerk Jan (Lid Nr 2490), SenatorDe Klerk J A,35, Prov Seunskoshuis Hoeirskool Klerksdorp, Snr Assistent, 1971,

PotchefstroomDe Klerk J J,34, P/A Horirskool Vredefort, Skoolhoof, 1966, JagersfonteinDe Klerk J J, 42, P lA Geref Kerk Boksburg-Suid, Predikant, 1974, De AarDe Klerk J N, 3.1 , Residensieweg Outjo/Landbou Tegniese Dienste, Voorligter, .l

974, OtaviDe Klerk J P A, 43, Opleidingsdepot S A Polisie Pretoria, Adj-Offisier, 1964, KrugersdorpDe Klerk N R, 33, Dankfontein Jamestown, Boer, 1970De Klerk P S A, 49, Eeufeesweg 52 Bayswater/S A S &H Bloemfontein, Snr Klerk, 1975

PietermaritzburgDe Klerk S J, 34, Ncandu Park Prim6re Skool, Vise-Hoof, 1976, UtrechtDe Klerk T C, 32, Jacksonweg 11 Hatfield Salisbury/Rhodesiese Lugdiens, Diens-

Amptenaar, 1 970, EnkelddoornDe Klerk T C,4.1 , P/A Volkskas Bpk Karasburg, Bestuurder, 1970, WindhoekDe Klerk T C, Genootskap van Rhodesrese Afrikaners, Direkteur

Gedenkgebou, Jamesonlaan, SalisburyDe Klerk f C, SO, Krenzstraal Out1o, Onderwyser, 1972, Gobabis t

De Klerk W A, 29, Dept Lande Vryburg, lnspekleur, 1 963De Kock A D,33, P/A Afdelingsraad Stellenbosch, Padinspekteur, 1973, CaledonDe Kock A J, 38, Volkskas Ladysmith, Rekenmeester, 1 965, FrankrortDe Kock A J L, 35, Skoolraad Fraserburg, Sekretaris, 1 966, PaarlDe Kock C J J,38, Welgemeen Hertzogville, Boer, I967, ReitzDe Kock D J, 38, P/A Albert Ko-operasie Venterstad, Bestuurder, 1963, BurgersdorpDe Kock E L (Jnr), 44, Platrug Philadelphia, Boer, I970De Kock G,29, H/v Greef- & Riebeeckstraal Fleivilo, Rekenmeester, Volkskas 1977,

VanwykssvlerDe Kock G L, 29, Papiesvlakte PK Stella, Plaasbestuurder, 1970, KomgaDe Kock G P L, 31 , P /A Uniewinkels Vereeniging, Streeksbestuurder, 1 975, PotchefstroomDe Kock G W, 45, P/A Primere Skool Wonderboom-Suid, Skoolhoof, 1975, PretoriaDe Kock H C, 29, Kalbaskraal-Plaas Kalbaskraal, Boer, 1975

424

1977

leneke

:sburg

De Kock J A, 35, ,Die Hoek pK Cedarville, Boer, 1gl2De Kock J H' 44 Barrv Hertzogra;;il c;;#;e Johannesburg. Ginekoroog 1968DeKockJM,33,ne,noogte-Fni[l"rprilrip].[."er,1969De Kock J N, 32, Marvnastiaat H..,*nrun, i.,io.n., 1963, pretoriaDe Kock L V. 42 p/A'Landdroskantoo,. AitrO*g" Landdros. 1 965, SorinosDe Kock M 46 Eekhorrng.r^ ;s*N/o;r"r"uffir? preroria Landdros, t976. Bettvr,eDe Kock M C, 33, Banhoekwe_g r3 SterrenOeiiTsantam-Snr Beampte. l977, De DoornsDe Kock N A,34 S A s &+r B'ioerf;;;;;"V;;;!n re66 Renz,uoX:i$ sio Van zvr scneepeis &';;il;, ;;,"ria, openbare Rekenmeester &De Kock S A, 32 Frrerjenhejm Nelspruit, Boer, 196g. lnyazura.RhodesibDe Kock s D 32 pu A Murrisipalii.,inr"j#g o"r'.,s,*.,ngunieur 1965 steilenboscnDe Kock w N,40, nustis.orcirird-fbJ o"i,.!j t."er, 1965, De DoornsDe Kok J.A.33 Schrkfontein H.ouro",g T";r. a;Jr."nau Dirs11su, 1971. VanderbrlrparkDe Koker W J H. 38. piA. Votkskas lrt"i.r,"" fj".iuurder, 1967. prelorraDe Koning L W,4t p,e vrr.,p.r,,;*"6;;;;fi"darkme_ester

1967, Krugersdorpo?l;,1:,S,r;.35 22e Laa n ogz nietiontein iti., r",.!i,"i, prerori a Adm Be_ampre, l e z5De Korte H J c, 39 oerters^traat schweizer-Reneke, Geneesheer, lg67, KrerksdorpDe La Bat R S,28, p/A(W^V pirir, r,,lrri'r.i"r"r".r ,lgos

WorcesterDe Lanse A F, 36, p/A S-A spoor*""'ei.i;;;],pXr",, 1e68, oos-Londen,De Lange B J.32. Vtakotaas,e< Laoyiriinle;urt v"u-,n.pekteur, .t 967De Lange B J 30 Hodiskool x"*,"6io.'r"n"#erburg onderhoof. 1966, Berhar

3: i:13: 3 ';,t1":;['^o-"x't'"ii iJ"u"irilin'Lo,-r'i",s-& Keerarts r e74, vorksrusro e r a n i e c L z s" ;j ) i ; :l"i :i:,?trl[ r"""J# il::.I : ::i;l,i*U, ri"z o] e,, k p u n

3: i:i!: j 5 jJ fil?l?rarv 108 x .i wiir,,,ii"*i ono",.*v,ur rsz+ u,lnnase

oe r-inde lr"qo"pia u."grove Pearston Boer' 1970

oe ranle p i so ;,lo ;,',ji!"f:nil i,: ffi:ifi,%:...rXfl:,f'lg?,ilrr'"",i"fi:De Lanse w J, 33 s n vroot-dJi[;; 'i;;i:[ili];,,"0"u,. ,e73 s,monstadDe La Rey J H. 33 on.,erwyskolteg. i"io"l["ig'iul, Dor"n, 1964 pretoriaDe Leeuw C p, 30 prn vorr",i a Er;;;. ililtnrern rnsen,eur 1968Delport D S. 37. Aroma Dealesville Boer. 1g73 Botnavrlle,?r,i,lJ

!#rrr, p/A Kantoor urn ot" nlo"rrs"r;;r*ou, S A S & H Johannesburs, Snr

Derport H p J, 3g, Vorkskas. Bpk witbank, Bestuurder, 1964, carorinaDelporr J H, 4e, perseel sa Taocasie*r e;;'ig"d)llurgoorDetporr J p 42. Geensooor er H_ertzotvi[. eo"i'rdoz HoopstadDetport J T 29 Unrversireir port Eriiallil;;fi;"r; 1969 KrrkwoodDetport L p,40,p/A Votkskas Sifveiton, neXe"n,i.".l,.r, 1974, Louis TrichardrDerport M J de v 33 o".:::y^..iq"l y"l,;;;j;;lE;:r 1e77, KaapsradDelport M J de W.33 Beckerstraat faOismitn {plioortigtingsOeampre, 1967. Catedon

ff iiil i ili'J,,[u :x ill;[:, "'ff ;:::' L i*1",, ;. e-roer i ns i so s i H,,i" n o,,s,i

B?'J ?i;firvanzylstraat sr eroemron,uriiez"n"6o,rosrmuseum,

Hoof Vakk Beampte,Delport p W J. 32. S A polisie Auehlandpark, Kaptein, I 967, Bloemf onreinDelport w H (Lid Nr qstzt

-_ .poiie;;;ilh_w;r"i.rJ lvoormarige Sprjngbok)De Meyer O. 43, Grevbesiraat_TgflynfiefO g.noni, Llnodros, 1977, pretoria,: r9"r1?,$j,un3,

2ieLaan ez6 ni6iiont.i;'iri""ii,.lir".onejd poswese, Assr Direkteur,

:i.iiHlq:i: ?3;!'A,J,",lflill?;7;1'"*" voortrekkerhooste/s A weermag,ue Necker J G H, 43, Watervar. Ruitenburg, sierkundige T o D, 1g75, potchefstroom': Ui;:3:i3*J,

40, rrovstraat r os, i,.idi"Is"xii5;g Landmeters & stadsbepranners,De Smit ,lt,-Si, p/A Sanram Ceres,-Takbestuurder, 1975, pretoria

B: 3;:l3I t i,u,3i; :lH,i?:mm :]Fiil,t,o",*,s er,, e 73, G eo rse

rlS

lf,

425

De Swardt D M S,32, N G Pastorie Cornelia, Predikant, .l 967, Magogong

De Swardt G J,30, P/A Hoerskoolkoshuis Vredendal, Onderwyser,.l 965, Georg-e

De Swardt J 8,38. Lankgelo PK Windmeul/sasko, Asst Hoofbestuurder, 1976, Bellville

De Swardt J E l, 32, Malanstraat Calvinia, Geneesheer, 1970

De Swardt J J, 36, Universiteit van Pretoria' Snr Lektor' .l 964, Kroonstad

De Swardt S S (Oom Salie), Saasveld-Bousbou-kollegePrivaatsak X531 George, lnwonende Koshuisvader, 1977

De Ville R J, 31, P/A van Heerden schoeman & De Ville standerton, Prokureur, 1969,

PretoriaDe Villiers, 41 , Suikerbosrylaan 1 Vereeniging, Radioloog, 1977, Pretoria - . ..

De Villiers A B,32, P U vii C H O Potchefstroom, Lektor(Geografie), 1977, Allanridge

De Villiers A G, 44, Welgevonden Makoppa, Boer, .l 977

De Villiers A J, 48, Uitzicht Napier' Boer, 1967

De Villiers C B. 37 Wes-Tvlse Bantoe-Administrasie Raad/Arbeid & Behuising, Direkteur,'1977, OrkneY

De Villiers C F (Dr), Universiteit van PretoriaDe Villiers c F, 31 , Baie Bome sunsetview PretoriaiAssosiasie lnternasionaal, Direkteur

1975, KlerksdorpDe Villiers c G,39, Smitstraat 135 Fairland/GoK, Snr Dosent,

.l 970, Heidelberg Tvl

o" vitti"r. Dawie LV (Gewese springbok Kaptein), voorsitter van Ruiterwag 1972

De Villiers De La HDe Villiers D J, 34, Signalberg Grunau S W A, Boer, 1966

De Villiers D J,27. N-G Kerk-Wellington, Predikant, 1968' Stellenbosch

De Villiers D P, Sasolburg (Het Bondsraad van 1966 Bygewoon)

De Villiers D P (Lid Nr 5348) - Voorgestel U R 1968' Advokaat

Oranjezicht, KaaPstadDe Villiers D H, (Lid Nr 7707), Kestell, Sendeling/Lektor' 1962

o" vitti"r. EE,44, Munisipaliteit carletonville, Elektro lngenieur, 1964, Witbank

De Villiers G G, 35, Heuwellaan Warmbad, Med Praktisyn, 1970

DeVilliersHJ,34,Harringtonstraatl0Brits'NGPredikant'1971,SpringsDe Villiers H M, 32 Weltevreden Suider-Paarl, Boer, 1968

De Villiers I A, 42, Oubees PK Soebatsfontein, Boer, 1970

De Villiers I A v N, 34, Goldberglaan 5 Bethlehem/Primere Skool Jordania, Vise-Hoof, 1972'

FicksburgDe Villiers IJ, 30, Beckerstraat 8 Southcrest Alberton/RAU, Lektor, 1974, Germiston

De Villiers I J S. 44, Lourentia Vrede, Boer, 1976

DeVillierslL,42,NGPastorieOtjiwarongo,Predikant,.l964,Pretoriaou vitti"r-. lW B 33, Kingshootweg 454 Lynnwood' Advokaat' 1970, Bloemfontein

De Villiers J,37, p/A J iLourensi Seuns Pongola, Sakeman, I968, Stellenbosch

De Villiers J, 25, La Rochelle Malelane, Boer, 1965

De Villiers Johan, Hennenman - Kla oor Sondagkoerante 1971

DeVilliersJA,32,JoubertstraatCaledon,Skrynwerker,l96T,StanlordDe Villiers J A 37, Chrissieskool PK Chrissiesmeer, onderwyser, 1963, Springs

De Villiers J B M,46, P/A Ons eie Kocip Garies, Bestuurder, 1969

DeVilliersJl,35,P/ASasolsasolburg,Personeelhoof,l966,PretoriaDe Villiers J H, 40, Die Vlakte Barrydale, Boer, 1964

De Villiers J J H,39, Hillside Mamreweg Malmesbury,8oer, 1969, Durbanville !

De Villiers J S. 34, "shalimar" Hectorspruit' Boer, 1975, Malelane

De Villiers J W, 32, Jakkalskuil Petrusville, Boer' 1966

De Villiers M H A,34, Lothair skool chrissiesmeer, onderwyser/Boer, 1969, Ermelo

De Villiers M J,30, P/A S A Polisie Balfour, Sersant, 1975, Brakpan

De Villiers M P R, De Doorns - 1966 Bondsraad Bygewoon

De Villiers P, 28, Goldberglaan 9 Bethlehem/sekondore skool Voortrekker Bethlehem,

Onderwyser, 1 970, VredeDe Villiers'P, 36, Schoongezicht Suider-Paarl, Boer, 1968

De Villiers p C, g1 , Touwitraat 23 Drie Riviere/Uskor Vereeniging, lngenieur, 1970

KlerksdorpDe Villiers P J de B,38, Malan en Vennote upington, Prokureur, 1974, Johannesburg

De Villiers P J S, 30, Posbus 51 Bank, Onderwyser' 1966, Pretoria

ou vitti"r. P P H, 33, P/A N G Kerk Danie Theron Eikenhof, Predikant, 1968, Walvisbaai

A26

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lvi

De Vilriers p R. Advokaat - Lid van uitvoerende Raad se Landbou Komitee 1g73De Vi,iers p J C,42, Van der Merwestraat-Barb;ri;; Apteker, 1974, pretoria,.ayJli:ffiI"ie, p/A C p De Leeuw oevirr[is-aasson & Bascher, aouiekenaar rgzo,De Villiers R M, (Lrd Nr 855), Kempton park, predikantDeVilliersSteve,SAUKDe Villiers S A, 34, Aurora Vrede, Boer, lg6gDe Villiers S J, 30, V O S-Langebaanweg Satdanha/S A Lugmag, Majoor, 1971, DurbanDe Vi,iers S M, 40, p/A SAU( Johanne;bu;g/Barioeorens Hoof, 1963, pretoriaDe Viltiers W J, 33, Sanlam paart, verteenwo"orJ,g"i, r goz, BellvjlleDe Villiers W J, 39, p/A Volkskas errwar ruooiO, dJsiuurOer 1974, HarrismithDe Villiers W J, 51, General^Mrning JonannliOurglEesrurenOe Direkteur, 1973, WetkomDe Vleeschauwer C A M,-46, Gou-dstad Onoer*y"sfoilege .Jonannesbr[ " "

Departementshoof 1 966, SteilenboschDe Vos D J J,33, p/A Afrikaans Ho6r Seunskoor pretoria. onderwyser, 1g75, werkomDe Vos E, 43' p r A Hoiland Afrika Verkopa ionr"nn.rorrg Besturende Direkteur, 1 968De Vos F C, 46, Driefontein Kinross, gd. 1gia -"De Vos G de la 8,44, Hurs Frank Joubert prleska, Skoolhoof, 1975, lndweDe Vos J S, 32, S A S & H Bloemfontein, Xerft tlOSDe Vos P J G (prof) Lid van Uitvoer"no" irii sJ-wetenst<ap Komitee 1973De Vos P W,47, Helt,s Gate pK eunrmansOiifiOii"r*y.u,, 1969, porchefstroomDe vos P w, Posbus 222Mareking lskaker vir seuis wat opteiding ontvang byRadaropsporingstasie Nr 3 te Kiippan vafetinoi

-De Vos W,33, Geref Kerk Btoemtonietn Wes, FiEO,trnt 1968, BethtehemDe Vries A H, 39, Botand-Kocip Wynkelders, Susi;rde,, 1970, BawsonvilleDe Vries A J M, 26, Buro vir Ekonomiese ono"r.o.rlst"rrunbosch, Ekonomiese Navorser,1967, WelinglonDe Vries C G,40, p/A paarlse Opleidingskollege, Rektor, l973, FranschhoekDe Vries G P c, 33, p/A saambou pret6ria, alieggingsoestuurder, 1968, BroemfonteinDe Vries M J, 33, Universiteit Stertenooscn, p]oi"lloi, rgozDe Waar A N, 33, p/A Triomf Kunsmis .ronan.esouig Kontrak-Besigherdsbestuurder,

1975, AlbertonDe Waal p w lOr), Lid van Uitvoerende Raad se Wetenskap Komitee l973De Waar H L (Dr)' Gewese voorsitter urn oi" ek.o"mie vir'weiensxrp

"n"xrn.De Waal J A, 40 Sasolburg, Vakkundige Seampte -i964,

parysDe Waal J C,46, p/A Ver6ruikes x"6p epk K'"a"istlO SeXretaris, 1968De waat J G, 35, pretoriusraan rBO3/Die lv*e[olrJnoer.xoot cinieiwyser, rszrCarletonvilleDe Waal J G K, 39, Uniewinkels pretoria, Direkteur, i 966, BeilviileDe waal J J, 32, Motetema Bantoekoile!" c.oLrJo"r onderhoof, 1972, Midderburg TvrDe Waat M J, 36, Votkskas paarr, Rekenlreeri;;, igoo WilistonDe waal M T, Gedien oo LJitvoerende nu"o-s" rrri"-dranke sake Raad in i973De Waal I E llid Nr 5109). Zeerust. p,oteistizAoelDe Waal S W P, 42 Ghotfstraat 1Z Cnristrani, Sik.r.n, 1970, Kakamas,"a[fjlJ"j;36, Marshailwes i2 Athrone park/s n iitan producis cnemil<us rszo,De Waal W P,34, p/A Sasol Sasolburg, lngenieur, 1967, StellenboschDe Wet Abel, Wolmaransstad _ N p X"omiiee iSO'6

"De Wet A D, O*osdat (Bv Bondsraad ,in ie6O ili nv g.prurt oor Mietiesake)De Wet A J o, 45, Kol;destra;aj;;s"*i,r"iir.ri.r,.3, Bestuurder. 1972, Bloemfontein

3: W:lZ}:i 13;f ,o Kiapvaarrrust nunJowq ao"ilrberedderaai, r szi, Jonannesours

De wet c J, 40, De Viiliersstraat carnarvon/Vorkskas, Bestuurder, lg72,rzaneenDe Wet E R, 29, Depr van !{Vnwegg WitOunk f n.p"Xieur tg67, Middetburg TvtDe wet F P, 44, Mosenrharstiaat Adend"rpli"ei v"ri .koor Graaff-Reinet, onderwyser,'I 970, Vryburg

De Wet H, 46. P/A Suid-Apteek potchefstroom Apteker, j968De Wer J C J.44. Detbara Verkee,d"rr"ibv"s. a;5r,, isoz BethtehemDe wet J E, 37, Maxweilsrraar 12 Risiviile/Hoersr.oor ori" Riviere, Vise-Hoof, 1g74,Nylstroom

197 2

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427

De Wet J F,27, De Wels Karavaankamp Margate, Karavaankamp-Bestuurder & Eienaar,

1971, JohannesburgDe Wet J 1.44, Farrelweg 13 Hazeldene Germiston, Boukontrakteur, 1973, Krugersdorp

De Wet J J, 32, Smitstraat 2S2Failand Randburg, Direkteur v Maatskappye. 1971, Linden

JohannesburgDe Wet J J, 29. Nooitgedacht Smithfield, Boer, 1966

De Wet J J, 39, P U vir CHO Potchefstroom, Professor, l9T3 Fustenburg

De Wet J M (Jannie). Outio S W A Voormalige Kommisaris-Generaal

De Wet J M (br) Lid van Uitvoerende Raad se welenskap Komitee in 1973

De Wet J P, 30, PK Witputstasie Telpoort, Boer, 1964, Hopetown

De Wet J P, 35, Dagbreek Friersdale, Boer' 1971 , Keimoes

De Wel J S, 35. Hoerskool Alberton, Onderhoof, 1977, Bronkhorstspruit

De Wet L J,29, W G A, Cradock. Verteenwoordiger, 1964, Hopetown

De Wet L J C, 41, P/A Bantoesake-Adm Raad, Direkteur Finansies, l9T4 Bloemfontein

De Wet P G J, 39, Navorsingsinstituut Nelsprurt, Hootplaasbestuurder. l9T3 Burgershall

De Wet P J,28,P IAP B de Wet & Van Der Merwe 2eStraat Koppies. Prokureursklerk, 1977,

NewcastleDe Wet P J, 43, Departement Toksikologie Pretoria, Hoo{tegnikus, 1974 Fauresmith

De Wet P J K, 40, Motor lndustriele Beteg-gings Bpk Kaapstad, Besturende Direkteur, 1966

PaarlDe Wet P le R, 35. Artois Wolseley, Boer, 1967. Rawsonville

De Wet P V, 46, Lulu Heilbron, Sakeman/Boer' 1974' Johannesburg

De Wet P W (Lid Nr 7728) Pietersburg, 1963

De Wet R, 42, P lA Universiteit Durban-Westville, Hoofbibliotekaris, 1975, Pretoria

DeWetRDJ,32,NGPastorieTuinplaas,Predikant,l9T5'StilfonteinDe Wet s D,40, Noord-wes Koop Migdot, Takbestuurder (Handei), 1974, Johannesburg

De Wet T J, 28, Disasingel 5 Blomtuin Bellville/Trust Bank, Dataverwerker, 1971

VanderbijlparkDe Wet W,'i6, Betlview Enkeldoorn, Boer, 1970, Bloemlontetn

De Wet W, 32, Friedenstal Out1o, Boer, 1974

De Wet W de V,34, Le Chasseur Roberlson, Boer, 1964

De Wet W F, 30, La Mascotte Lady Grey, Boer/Verteenwoordiger, 1970, Smithfield

De Wit C P. 26. Bo-Scholtzkloof Prins Albert, Boer. 1973

De Wit D C, 31, Stellenhof 4 Kuilsrivier, Dosent Denneoord, 1974, Vanwyksdorp

De Wit D C de V,39, Tweedestraat Koppies, Waarnemende Hooi 1974' BloemJontein

De Wit D J, 38, Grootrivier Ladismith, Boer, 1964

De Wit J V (Lid Nr 7708), Pretoria, Hoof Speurder

De Wit P,35, Uitkyk Heidelberg K P, Boer, 1971, Swellendam

O" Wir W A. 34, iremier MetaiWorks Umtali, Bestuurder, 1967' Gatooma

De Witl H G,44, S A Polisie Pretoria, Brigadier, 1974

De Witt J H J 29 P/A N G Kerk Witbank, Predikant, 1968' Pretoria

De Witt J J' 44 P /^ Landdroskantoor Vanwyksvlei, Landdros, 1968, Vryheid

De Witt J J,34, P/A Vetre6n lsando, Afdelingshoof, 1975' Boksburg

O. Witt .l T. 37, Opleidingskollege Oudtshooin, Dosent' 1970' Malmesbury

De Witt P J, 45, Heynsvlakte Carnarvon, Boer, 1963

Oi"t u.l t G, 30, Meiensky Hoer Landbouskool Spitsrand Durwelskloot, Boer/Onderwyper,

1 970Dickenson W S J, 37, Dalmada Kleinhoewes, Pietersburg, Onderwyser, 1971 Potgietersrus

Di;p;;;"t D J, 30 Hoerskool Goedehoop Germiston, onderwyser' .1 963' Brakpan

Oipp"n""tEJJ,36,P/ANGKerkTiervlei,Predikant'1968'Warmbad'SWA-"D;;;;.;;, JA 6 36 p/A Ho6rskoor E G Jansen Boksburg, onderwyser, 1973' Brakpan

DippenaarMc,30,NkhensaniNGsendingstasieGiyani,Predikantl9T4,PretoriaDi;;;;;;, n J, sr, P/A Raad op Atoomkrag-Pretoria' Metallurg' 1977

OJdO. .r P, Voorheen Senior Amptenaar by Bantoe Administrasie

Donald P R. 39, Gen Hertzogweg 136 Drie Riviere Vereeniging, Rekenmeester uniestaal

1 976, SasolburgDorfling L, 42, Seien Oaks Vrede, Onderwyser, 1977, Franklort

Oortfin! L M,46 Brakhill PK Kirkwood, Boeri L P R, 1967' Uitenhage

ooro"il o C, ss, P/A Meyer Nel & Kie Senekal, ouditeur' 1974' Eloemlontein

A28

I Fl: a.

3'shall'977.

1 966

,ii5J,,y J C, s3, Srrea,eytaan 1 1 Aucktandpark Johannesburg, Snr Adm R A U, 1977,Dowd J J 36 S o ro,,Sle-:ll,?ld, Luirenanr 1977. HeidetbergDoyer p J v D, 31 Heuning,ip_Badptaas. gour. iSZO CarotinaDreyer A c, 31. Tomsrraattg p"t"il"rii.#7t u'r,,, c H o. Lekror 1972. BroemronteinDreyer A E L, 39. chesrerweg ooz siv;nsion, Gfneesneer, r 97j, pretoriaDreyer A G, 2e, prinstoo g Dty;;;;;nnllrj#g:,runoarrs, 1e63, Durban & preroriaDreyer C H, 40, Gten Arpineoam pilJ*", e"#',s0,Dreyer H C. 36, Zooihuis Sinniu"nof io"; i;iDreyer H H, Nasionale eers 1tSZ3;o'EI"",:x"'39'Anrhonysinger'4gEmpangeni/universiteitvanzoeroerand,professor,

1976,Dreyer J, 30, Versaillesslraat l2 Bloemfontein, Landbou Navorser, 1976ofi;:l*t., p/A Nationar c;r-;;; ;; ;,;;irinlion.nn..ourg, sekreraris, 1e70,

R::r9r l A ^2-9, _skutpspruit

pK Ascent, Boer, j970ureyer J J, 39. S A S polisie Johannesburg. nO;-j,,,r,.r. 1966, preloriaDreyer J J, 45, Rierdraat px r_icnGnour"g;'ri"l,)l,r6ooDreyer J N, 39, Wotwepan Vermaas.-Bo"er. i;;0. i"ann,esnorDreyer J p, 32, omkyk Dist Licntenbul;. ;#. igis, siesiesrreiDreyer J S, 40, N G kerk HartenOos pieOiXJnt'i96a. eosrmasOurgDreyer L A 29'p/A Hodrskoor x.rpronlalr,.'on-o'er*yser, 1g65, swartruqoensDreyer N. 34. parkrytaan 7 Arcadia. bnJ"niu."i igoaDreyer p J, 37, Ftorence*ug eeluti"I;;;.jii.; r go5. vreoendarDreyer p J, 43, Landdroskaitoor r..n".n. e.J'Laiooros 1 g64, Vereenioinoo',;fiJ.[,.]4' P/A Hoer resniese bx;i'it? r.i.lio" pierersburs, onoe-rwiser, 1e65,Dreyer P S (prof), Hervormde KerkDreyer S A p, 40, palmslraat Strand, prokure ur, 1g77, MorreesburoDreyer s J, 36, p/A Meinrjes i;;r;;i;; & ;ilo!L,, ,,,#;,"HTiykrerk, re66Dreyer T F, 43 s A weermag pr",*,,lr.ri'pI.I;,r;r,,

r967, BrirsDreyer T F, 31, Kilatoe pos ierief, A;er, iSOd'""'.,Dreyer T F J,33, Ned Herv.pastorie OO"rnoi.e, predikant, 1966, Warmbad TvlDreyer T J F. 28. p/A N H Xert !ootffia.-nr]'i,"oT*"n, 1 g75, KrugersdorpDreyer T p, 31, p/A Universireit Steffe"nOosc[,'SniieXtor, 1968, WorcesterDreyer w p, 26, prinstoo nl"y"i a o[v"i;ii;;"'r;r,s, Tandarts, 1967Driescher A 37, N G Kerk-EdLen K.;;i;;;;;k,'ilo,*ur,, 1e77, DurbanDrotskie J J, F A K verteenwooroiger virwirwiidr.i"no & suid-oos TransvaatDrotskie J J, 26, Die Vadertand .roirnn".Orig]io"rir,,.,

1 966, Ste,enboschDry G C, 29, Biesiesdatsr."kJoirg! eo";'irdi"urorrnDry J G, 36, Dept Landbou p_etrusb"urg Voorfjgti;j".mple, 1966. BrandforrDubbelman p. 45, Loonraad pr"torir.Ekoi"rY...rXo",..

ur, 1g77Du Bois A J' 33, Geruksooro xoetennoi aonJ.i.JrG), gehou op Geruksoord, Boer, r 965Du Bois N w, 46, Hodrskoot Hop"ri.rolsr,ooin"j,,irjuo, KaapstadDu Buisson D t,36, Tafetberg Senekat,8".;, i9;b'-i t? x5i:,i. i io rf 5:':"fil i;ji;

; i N; ;ffi pir"a?ip a r, e ri m e re s k o o, w i,s e h o r,

uu tsuys A J,32, Killicklaan 659 Mayville pretoria/Volkskas, Klerk, 1976, pietersburgDuminy p A' 33' p/A Universireit x"ir.g" i.ii Hii., "p-iessor,

1965, pretoria!.1g11v

r,l^ga,.Spiegetsrivier pK Heiderberg Kp, Boer, 1967uuprsani J,38, Agstestraar gz warviioa-aiz-sii's]"v"o"o."linspekteur, 1975, windhoekDu Ptessis A J, 43. Votkskas. Frankrort Su.lrrr;;,tiOO, Bot sOrroDu Pressis A J, Bervire rxart Bremer) op-e-n-is66 ao"no.rrad met-skrifresing & GebedDu ptessis A J, 34. G","i K."lf

.gg|riliu. t[oik"# i;oz, vi,stniaDu Plessis A p, 37, Universireit xorreje ,an-ioLro"r.i) e.no*e, professor. r 96s. pretoriaDu Plessis A S, 35. p/A yskql.Van-derbi.jtpark,

Kterk, 1965, pretoriaDu Ptessis A S, 3s, p/A Van Wyk & ilffi;;;;ilg,siviere Tesnikus, 1 975, FtoridaDu Plessis A S.30, p/A wesco Randburg, fin A-esi;urOer, 1975, BelviileDu Ptessis B c, 39, Votkskas stevnsrus, Eesirr]i"l, ]gos Vryburg

, ser

A29

Du Plessis B J, 31, cheviotweg l4 Floridaheuwels/lnternational Business Machines,

Verkoopsverteenwoordiger, 1 971, JohannesburgDu Plessis C A,3l, Hoiirskool Edenburg, Skoolhoof, 1964' Bothaville

Du Plessis C J, 44, Greenstraal Witfield, Onderwyser, 1966, Christiana

Du Plessis c J, 39, Ostendweg 10 Germiston/Distillers corp wadeville, Bestuurder, 1971 .

ElsburgDu Plessis C N, 51, Oosthuizenfontein Philipstown, Boer, 1970

Du Plessis c R,28, P/A Le Roux Matthews & Du PlessisJohannesburg, Prokureur, 1968

DuPlessisD,30,AfricanHomesTruslDurban,lnspekteur'1964,PretoriaDu Plessis D F H F,44, Gerrit Maritzlaan l30 Dalview Brakpan, Sakeman, l965'

WolmaransstadDu Plessis D G C,32, P/A Gerel Kerk Orkney, Predikant, 1967, Johannesburg

Du Plessis D H C (Lid Nr B), Direkteur van Maatskappye (stigtelslid van A B Voormalige

Hoofbestuurder van S A S & H & Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968)

Du Plessrs D J, 30, Uitkyk Wellington, Boer' 1977Du Plessis D J. 28, Meulstraat 6-Potchelstroom/lnterad Edms Bpk/SWK Besturende

Direkteur l977Du Plessis D J,29, P/A Laerskool Newlands, Onderwyser, 1976' Randburg

Du Plessis D J.30, Mannstraal 89 Riviera Pretoria, Geneesheer,.l 973

Du Plessis D P, 37, Kleinvlei PK Brandfort, Boer, 1965

Du Plessis D P,43, Bosmanskop Hendrina, Boer, 1975, Bapslontein

Du Plessis D T 35, Gloudinaweg 237 Murrayfield Pretoria, Ekonoom, 1977, Klerksdorp

DuPlessisE,35,FouriestraatVredefort,Geneesheer'1963'PotchetstloomDu Plessis F Jv 2,31, Laerskool Mopane, Skoolhoof, 1977' Pietersburg

Du Plessis F R de V, 30, Boland Reivilo' Boer' .l 967, Kuruman

Du Plessis G, 38, Gracelaan 56 Parkhill Germiston, Geref Predikant, 1970, Roodepoolt

Du Plessrs G F,43, P/A Meyer Nel & Kie Johannesburg, ouditeur, 1963,^Hertzogville

Du Plessis G F,28, Landbounavorsingslnst Dohne, Vakkund Beampte,1965, Rustenburg

Du Plessis G F C,35, P/A Yskor Vanderbijlpark, Asst Supt, 1965' Pretoria.

Du plessis G G, 37, P/A Dr Du Plessis & Vi D Merwe Lancet Hall Johannesburg, Oogarts.

1 967, ZeerustDu Plessis G J,43, P/A Onderwyskollege Potchefstroom' Dosent' 1977' Klerksdorp

O, pfeiri. C tvt, Sa, P/A Stadsraid Tzaieen, Hoofgesondheidsinspekteur, 1974, Springs

Du plessis G N, 34, Dept Van Gevangeniswese Pretoria, Luitenant, 1965, Clanwilliam

Du Plessis G P, 26, Noordstraal Barkiy-Wes' Passer & Draaier' 1966' Paarl

Du Plessis H (Prof ), Dien op Uitvoerende Raad se Nie-Blanke Komitee in .l 973

Du plessis n A, +t, Van Heerdenstraat 24 Kroonstad/S A Polisie, Maioor, 1972' Worcester

Du Plessis H B 32, S A Polisie Uitenhage, Luitenant, I977, Despatch

Du plessis H E, 33, Westfalia Landgoed buiwelskloof , Landbou-lngenieur, 1973' Tzaneen

Du Plessis H G W, 31 , Joseph Bosmanstraat 466 Silverton/Unisa, Lektor, 1976

Du Plessis H J, 39, Parkstraat Aranos, Sakeman, 1 975, Oudtshoorn

ou ptessis H s,30, P/A Onderwyskollege Potchefstroom, Snr Dosent, I977, wtpoort

Du ptessis H T J,45, P/A Albertono-Veiwe (Edms) Bpk Alberton, Sekretaris, 1969,

BloemlonteinDuPlessislD,4.l ,Willowweg6Norlhclitf/sAS&HJohannesburg,snrKlerk, 1974

Du Plessis J,49,PlA Afd Krygsproduksie Depl van Verdediging, Snr Admin Beampte,

1965, Capital Park I

Du Plessis J. 35, 'smidsrus' Distr Bloemfontein, Boer' 1965, Shannon

Du Plessis J, 41, Vergelegen Oudtshoorn, Boer, 1974

Du Plessis J, 33, Modderfontein Tarkastad, Boer, 1970

Du Plessis ..t. gz, Ruto Motors Woonstel Molteno/Quix Products, Boer/Fabriekswerker'

1 970DuPlessisJA,40,NGPastorieMaclear,Predikant,l9TT,StellenboschDuPlessisJB,25'ProvinsialeKoshuisTrichardt,onderwyser,l968Bethal.-Du Plessis J 8,44, Leo Epsteinstraat 13 Northcliff Johannesburg, Landmeter/Evkom,

1 976, Linden JohannesburgDuPlessisJC,39,TweefonteinBronkhorstspruit,Boer,l9T5,VredefortDu Plessis J C M D, 53, P/A Tvlse Prov Adm Pretoria, Rekenmeester' 1968

Du Plessis J D, 43, P/A Dept van Binnelandse lnkomste Bloemfontein, Admin Beample

1 968

A30

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Du Plessis J E, 43. p/A Staatsdienskommissie prelo,a, Adi_sekretaris, Ig74Du plessis J G. 3s p/tf_4 K J;;;;;;;;;;, dn,.norin Beampre, 1e6e, DurbanDu ptessis J G (Lid Nr 7680). ril;;il;,.#[]nl, ,go,Du pressis J H 43 Voortrekiersrra; Fi;-;) o;derwyser. 1968, RiebeeckkasreerDu pressis J H, 34, ere^raeisr,ooiA;;:;l;#,Jor, rgoa, Marchand,i 5|?].r?,i.il,s.f,-rreaouxsrraat

ae/eri[aiiu-# iloooie & Moodie Boksburs, prokureur,ti;f:;1.", H, 36, p/A Lean Cecit & Du ptessis Johannesburg, Rekenmeesrer, 1973,Du Plessis J J, 33, p/A Kantoor. van die Staatsprokureur Johannesburg, Snr^

Staatsprokureur, 196g, Kaapstad - - v'les'tuH'v^

,f;i::l: i

J, 3s, Southeys'aar s Adcockvate porr Etizabeth, onderwyser, .1e76,

Du Plessis J L, 36, p/A !?I"T Bank Beilviile, Bestuurder, 1968, CeresDu Ptessis J M, Havemanstraat 6 xr."..irj,blj"rwyser, rsz.tDu Plessis J N s' 42 p/A opreidingsr,"ii.g" fr";.!ron. Dosenr, rg74, srerenboschDu Ptessis J p,31, Koninginirraar iroirriin ,i'i, Linoo,'o. 1972, CeresDu Plessis J p,29, p/A Ho€rstool C"rfetonriffe, OirOerwyser, 1963, FochvilleDu Ptessis J S, 31 , p/A N G_Kerk n"o"ii.i'r-iji,i predikant, I975, GrahamsradDu Ptessis J v V, 35. Geref Kerk eOenvaLe,-preO]iant, tgOz, BeeslekraalDu pressis J w, 38, carrex orie Miai.i;ilv b;#ionrein, verteenwoordiger, 1967Du ptessis J Z. 42, Verwagting Cradock. d,i"i i eziDu plessis L s, 33, Rierkoi'Delm;;n;;;/il;,iszs, EstcourrDu Plessis L v Z, 39, Mir

ou pGssrs fr n uii"Nlffii',:ii,[:i!S3t' Vorkskasbestuurder, 1e70, oos-Londen

"L:,ffi:: [i ]igJr. uitvoerenoe iaao-s]rrixa & w6retd Komiree asook Bepranninss

Du Ptessis M C F.41 p/1-l?ldloykoilege Gten, Depr Hoof, 1965, SrandertonDu Pressis M J, 37, s A Weermag potcnetsiioo'mi, ii*"r 1970, Rustenburg/BroemfonteinDu pressis M J.27. ern !e1gr.x9*-R";;;il:;r.Io,*.n,, 1e76, porcherstroomDu plessis M J H. 33, p/Ap u r;CHo F;i#i;i,"""r, proressor, 1e73Du Plessis Nick, Wolmaransslad (N p Komitee)

Du Ptessis N F, 35, Sam Josset a xi" S.riy;1i rtzogrytaan 30 Ftorida park,Aandelemakelaar, .l 970

Du Plessis Org, Wolmaransstad N p Komitee, 1966Du Ptessis p, 33, Geref Xerr< Oerareyvtrr.,'ir?oifr.'i, j967, TzaneenDu Plessis p, 45, ,,sonderend".Erasmia pr"to*, OnO"rwyser, 1966, LindenDu ptessis p, 40, Doornhoer rnaoiiimoll;;-k;;: ;;;".",, 1e76, pretoriaDu Plessis p A, 34, Mauchstraat 17 Ryntietd Senoni'proOuXsie-Bestuurder, 196g,i;l?:l:,lAfJ.'I .u p/A iarrbee'sp;;iiffi;;J Navorsinssd;.

-ri,iti,ri"."t,,,o",,

Du Plessis p C Aa]S O au-S_1,."1. Johannesburg, Klerk, 1966, MayfairDu Plessis P G, 34, Kerkstraat Deatesvi,e, SafJman, .t970, BloemfonteinDu Plessis p c W, 34, Van nieOeecr<s,;";i il.tffi;m, Vise-Hoof, 197i, BirchteighDu plessis p c w,36. rro,I^ly,^r._i;;il,;;;:;;fessor, 1e68, porr EtizaberhDu Plessis p J,29, p/A Munisipatiteit Villiers, SrZOst<ierk, 1968, SenekatDu Ptessis p J 1,33, ceref K-eik xrr'r.rn, pr'"-ililnt, rgza, tsrreo

'i5l?:HJJs, 33 p/A cirL'. ir.[""o"is'iliji'ilr...is Broemronrein, Bourekenaar,Du Pressis p J v, 42, La cavesrraat 4 Despatch /Goodyear Molorbandfabriek, Krerk, 1 970Du pressis p L,41, Beatsdate xrrg.l;"!i'i66i"*,6"*"Du Pietssis p T C, 29, Ktipspruir rsZ-_ iyj".irri,'Ei"r, ,rooDu Plessis S F, 30, p/A Landbou_N_aror.ingrinrtit"r'rlNelspruit, 1969, BtoemfonteinDu Plessis S F, 43, p/A Hodrskoot Brits, O;derhoof, 1967Du Plessis S J, 33. p/A Fedmis Ha"irrii,i v"ri"..woordiger, 1974, VitjoenskroonDu Ptessis s J (Dr), Lid van Uitvoer;d R;;;;;wli"n.*rp Kom'ee 1973Du Press's s J p' 41 26srelaan 319 v,rii"r" pr"ilri.]Ro1-set<retaris/Tesourie,

1971Du Plessis S W. 34. Huisvitieg6 glsdasdorp/Ho;;;tioi, ono"r*y.er, .l 971, TouwsrivierDu Plessis T A, 34, p/A rolnvittes" Li",,.[oor'io""nr]ii", vi."-Hoof, 1973, potchefstroom

A31

Du Plessis T A,41, Hoewe 69 Heatherdale Pretoria-Noord/Dept van Beplanning,

Hoofdirekteur, 1971

Du Plessis f C,42, Busplaas Dist Gobabis, Boer, 1974' Leonardville

DuPlessisIC,42,KareelaanllKathu/Yskor,lngenieur,l9TT,PretoriaDu Plessis W A, 25, "Alfa" Barkly-Wes, Boer, 1966

Du Plessis WJ,45, P/A R A U iohannesburg, Registrateur, 1968' Lyttelton

Ou ptessis W J, 34, Jupiterstraat 34 Waterkloo{rif Pretoria, Prokureur' 1976

Du Plessis W J, 33, S A Polisie Durban, Luitenant, 1975, Durban

Du Plessis w J, 34, Stellastraat 5 Chrismar (Belville), Geneesheer, 1976, Pretoria

Du Plessis W K H (Dr), OpvoedkundigeDu ptessis W S,32 P/A Hodrskool Linsdowne Kaap, Onderwyser, I969 Beaufort-Wes

ouproovCEG,52,SASPolisieBurgersdorp,Speursersant,lg66,PinelandsO, pi""V C W,34, Bisschoftstraat 8 Nelspruit, N G Predikant' 1971' Witlield

Du Plooy F S,40, Lisztstraat 49 Vanderbijlpark, lngenieur' I978' Derby

Du Plooy F S, 34, Verlies Lichtenburg Boer, 197-5

o, pi""i o -ic

warmoadwlg Tnabizimbi/Landbou Tegniese Dienste, voorligtings-

beampte, 1976, WarmbadO, Fiooy O O, gZ, Sanlam Burgersdorp, Verteenwoordiger' l9-68' Oos-Londen

Du Pfooy J C,35, Allenstraat 76 Kroonstad, Onderwyser'.1 969' Zastron

O, pr""i, J S, aZ, Gerel Pastorie Olifantshoek, Predikant' 1973' Molteno

O, pi."V J i, So, P/A Geref Kerk Postmasburg' Predikant' 1968' Vanderbijlpark

O, efooy M,33, Cypress - Singel Welkom, Sakeman, 1970' Bloemlontein

Or pi""i B A,42, i/A uoersro6l Koster, Onderwyser' I977' Vanderbijlp-ark

Du Pr6 J J, 39, Broungerstraat 3 Molteno, Verteertwoordioer Bkb, 1977, Steynsburg

Du preez A B, prolessor - XweeXskool Pretoria - VoorgEstel vir Uitvoerende Raad 1 968

o, pi"ii n,l ..l, ss, P/A Noordwes Koop Lichtenburg' Snr Klerk' .1964

Du Preez A J J, 26, Bainestraat 9 Rynfield Benoni' Onderwyser' 19-65-

O, pr"", C J H, 34, Redelinghuyssiraat Barberton' Prokureur' 1 968' Thabazimbi

Du Preez C M R, Hodr Landbouskool Tweespruit

Du preez F A,38, erosterstiaiiS Bethlehem/Brand Wessels & Kie, Prokureur, 1970'

HarrismithOu ireez F H,41, Hodrskool Edenvale, Onderwyser, 1964' Nylstroom

O, pr""i G J, 39, Essenbosch Karreedouw, Onderwyser'-1-970' Alexandria

O, pt.", H B, 42, Afr Hoeirskool Germiston, Adi-Hoof' 1969

Du preez H C,37, pln raimaoono-(Edms) Bpkpotgietersrus, Apteker, 1973, Pretoria

Du preez H J,36, patmooiO prov Koshuis Beihal, Onderwyser, 1974, Potchelstroom

Du Preez H P, Waboomkraal Distrik George' 1963

o, pr""i 1G,32, P/A Hodrskool Windhoek, Onderwyser' 1968' Pretoria. ..Du preez J J, 32, P /A StrOsiaaO Vanderbiilpark/Depi Parre & Ontspanning, Hoof' 1974

JohannesburgDu Preez J J, 39, Hoofweg 91

Du Preez J J, 33, AquilalaanStrand, lnspekteur SP KL, 1970, Kimberley -

r Z+ WaierXroofril-Uitbr/Ho6rskool Wonderboom Preloria

Onderwyser, I976Ou preez i J, 34, J""n Rouxstraar 29 Neserhol Klerksdorp' Onderwyser' 1976'

SteenbokPan - r:- 6^^r {^7^DuPreezJS,32,SarelCilliesstraat2Westonaria,Asst.KlerkvandieRaad,,l9T0,DevonOu pt"", J T, 29, Vlaklaagte Blackhill Transvaal, Boer' 1967 !

O, pr".. t- J, Sa, PK Jagf'ontein Gatsrand, Boomkweker' 1967

o, pr"", L w 41, Queenstraat l3lrene verwoerdbuig, Argitek, 1972, Lyttelton ^

Du preez M B, 37, Wotnuterskof pK ReOdingshoop/Magaliesburg sitrus Kocip, Bestuurder'

1973, RustenburgDu Preez M J,36, Departement van Poswese Pretoria' Tegnikus I965' Nylstroom

Du Preez M L,35, Harperse Apteek Benoni, Aptekersklerk' 1970

o, pi""i r.r .1,'+r , pf n rtroresij ainoediens Pietersburg' Sakeman' 1 968' Louis Trichardt

Du Preez N P, 30, pln oaions-Gsir Niger, Hoof Chimiese Ald' 1976' Pretoria

O, pr""i f.t f, SZ, eln Uuniirpatiteit Tzaieen, Ad| Direkteur Adm, 1977, Pretoria

o, pr""i P J,38, P/A Stadsraad Pretoria, Markmeester, 1967' Bellville

O, pt"". pJi, ql, Sanlam Vereeniging, Takbestuurder, 1964' Bellville

Du preez p J, 34, Stasiestraat-ttlit""tr"n", Snt Ouditeursklerk/Bestuurder, 1971, Nelspruit

Du Preez P J, Posbus 39 BreYten, 1963

A32

rs Du Preez P L,40, piA Sanlam Johannest,urg, pensioenebestuurder, lgT6, SpringsDu Preez R B,33, Miritere Basis nunouAeiveJiriag ortrsier, rgzz ouo'ts-{oornDu Preez S J, 38, N G pastorie Koppies, preOit<ant t 965, BritsDu Preez s P J, 34, Boababraan 3 Eiirchreigh ie;pton park, Geneesheer, 1976, pretoriaDu Preez w M,44, Gevangenisterrein 7z pietorii,-iotonet, 1967, Groot BrakrivierDu Preez W p, 27, Brandwlg Molteno, goer, i-90!

'

Du Preez W P, 37, Komatiediaai Komatipoort irnOOorn..t* tdet, jg77, BarbetonDu Preez w P J, 36, Excersiorkoshuis sweileno#THodrskoor J G Meiring, onderwyser,1 970, Kaapstad

Du Raan G, 46, Coopersdal Komatipoort, Boer, 1 g70, Standerton3: Ii31 I H..36^ paveysrraat t 7 Baiteypark potchetstroom, Sakeman, 1968uu Hano A, 41, Ire Jager venter & Du Rand pietersburg, Rekenmeester, t-slo, w"p.n.,Durand H J, 40, Twaarfdestraat 1 1o parkmore sanoton/5 e s a i, errt suit'Jupr"nning

1 975, KaapstadDurand J c,36, worraadstraat 5 Boksburg-surd, Dept Hooi G o K, i977, piet RetiefDu Randt A H G, 32, Konstitusre Adetaide] OnJur-*v..r, rSZSDurandt J \, 4l , Spoorwegkoltege Essetenpirk- prJOifant 1965, HanoverDurandt L C, 32, posbus 146 VriOe, prokuieur, tgO6 eto"rtont"inDu Row W A, 33, Kroonbult Clocolan, Boer 1976-

--Durr J A 27, Volharding pK Davet. Boer, t 966

-

Uu tort 4,36, N G pastorie Duiwelskloo,, predikant, 1964, DurbanDu Toit A 8,36, wiliam Arexanderstraat cnristiana)westra Meure, Bestuurder, r970,Viljoenskroon

P, ]oil 1F 35 Baskop Vredefort Werenskaplike Genetikus, 1971, pretoriaDu Toit A G,31, p/A W N N R pretoria, Nruor.ei lgZeDu Toit A G, 37, p/A Tvlse prov Adm pretoria/Curinr.rtr."r 1g0 Meyerspark, SnrWerkstudiebeampte. j 977Du Toit A G,29, p / A Borandse Eksekuteurskamer paarr, personeerbestuurder, l969,UpingtonDu Toit A J, 35, ldolweo 40 Lynwood Glen pretoria, Srv lngenieur, ,,g73, port ElizabethDu Toit A J, Lid van Uiivoerenoe Raad se B.;i;;;;"g,

"" Landbou Komitees 1973Du Toit A N,47, P/A Rembrandt Mpy Durban, nOm Bestuurder, 1974, pinetown

Du Toit A P T,30, Majuba Manskosrruis steltenoo..r,, sn,, Lektor, 1977, RawsonvilleDu Toit A S,32, Abiriasiraat Kirnerpark uroi i pi"ioirr, snr Dosenr u p, r971, preroriaDu Toit B A,29,'N G Kerk Germision predikant i962, StettenooscnDu Toit B J,33, p/A R A U JohannesOurg, e[s;me,ib"rrpt", l975 DurbanP, Ioil q J, 40, Darnysbos Hopetown, e#Vxl",k, rdzrtiu Ioit C A (Prof) Lid van Uilvoerende Raad se Wetenskap Komitee j973Du Toit C G, 34, Krokoditkraat Dist fnaOaiimni-eoei l975, KoedoeskopDu Toit c J E, 34, Francis Drake prace 14 constantialroof Frorida/Bank van Johannesburg,Regsadviseur, 1 977, BeilviileDu Toit C J F, 28, piet Retiefstraat Steyflerviile, Onderwyser, lg67, paarlDu Toit D,34, S A polisie Golela, Luitenant 1969 ieslieP, Ioil P G, 38 ji/ajuba Malansrasie, Boer, 1964, WeilingtonDu Toit D J, 34, Freeanweg 15 Rondebosch K p, Sakeman, l gT4Du Toit D J,24,p/A Hodrikoot C,eyto*n, OnO.;;;;, 1969, pietermarirzburgDu Toit D J,27, euarra woonsteile Bosmanstraal steilenboscn, onoe*vsei igzzDu Toit D J'a2,p/A suikerbekkie-Gtansvrugre-FabiLr r'rrrr.".orrv, e"{ilio"i, rsz+Du Toit D J E, 42, Dro6fontein Langebaanwjg, goer, l gOZ HopefieidD1 ]gI E-F,33, De Tvger Laersko6tparow/iairLmsinger sr-bi"iieno",g onderwyser,1976, Parow-Oos

P, Ioi! I J 34, Opsaat Seunskoshurs Kroonstad, Onderwyser, 1968, HeitbronDu Toit F J,35, p/A N G Gemeente Vathaila-Suid, prldikint, 1976, CraJolr<Du Toit F P,30, p/A N G Geme^ente serectionpair springs, ireoirinr, lgza, corneriaDu Toit F P, 28, Vaatrivierskool Standerton, Onier*yier, jgTl,WitbankDu Toit F P, 28, N G pastorie Zebediela, preOlXant i Sog, StellenboschDu Toit G, 28, Pollackstraat Robertson, prokureur,'.1 9it, GrahamstadDu Toit G A,33, Skoollaan 50 Sunnyridge, Onderwyier, 1966, ErmeloDu Toit G F' 33, p/A Amkor Vereenigin! erooursidbestuurder, 197s, pretoriaDu Toir G G, 27, posbus 57 Vanderbijtp;.r,, npi"r"i, iSOS, .lorrannesOur;'-

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433

Du Toit G G, Henlystraat 20 Vanderbijlpark, 1973Du Toit G J, 38, Longfellowlaan 35 Orkney, Onderwyser, 1965, PotgietersrusDu Toit G J, 30, Talana-Woonstelle No 3 Wrenschweg Parow/Trust Bank, Afdelingshoof,

1971, NuwerusDu Toit G M, 44, Witfontein Fraserburg, Boer, 1967, NelspruitDu Toit H, 46, P lA St Helena Goudmyn Welkom, Geneesheer, 1965, WardenDu Toit H A J, 27 , Vissersingel 3 Aliwal-Noord, Tandarts, 1 972, CeresDu Toit H D A (Prof), Ormondeweg 30 PretoriaDu Toit H L K,41, Yorkstraat 55 George, Geneesheer, 1966, WorcesterDu Toit H M,27,P/A S A Polisie Worcesler, Luitenant, 1973, WynbergDu Toit H W,33, Scoltstraat 1B Bellville/Evkom, Snr Toetsingenieur, I971, OtiiwarongoDu Toit J, 44, Ameland Vivo, Boer, .l

974, PretoriaDu Toit J A, 38, P/A Bolandse Eksekuteurskamer Moorreesburg, Takbestuurder, 1 969'

PaarlDu Toit J B, 33, P/A Ho0r Tegn Skool Welkom, Adiunk-Hool, 1975, TheuntssenDu Toit J B, 4.1 , Leebstraat Murraysburg, Sakeman, I968Du Toit J C, 37 , P /A N G Kerk Vredendal, Predikant, 1 975, NieuwoudtvilleDu Toit J C,39, Johannesburgweg 13 Kew/Edgars, Bestuurder, 1970, FloridaDu Toit J F, 42, Alewynspoort/Die Transvaler, Sportredakteur, I970, KliptownDu Toit J F, 28, Biesiesvlei Belmont, Boer, 1976Du Toit J F J,52, Sanlam Worcester, Takbestuurder, 1966, ErmeloDu Toit J G M,37, P/A Volkskas Pretoria, Rekenmeesler, 1973, RandburgDu Toit J H, 35, Tasmania Griekwastad, Boer, 1976Du Toit J H,39, La Rochelle Over-Hex, Boer, 1965, WorcesterDu Toit J H H,33, N G Gemeente Bayton, Predikant, 1974, DerdepoortDu Toit J l, 43, Pl AO T K Bethal, Hoof-lnspekteur, 1965, ErmeloDu Toit J J,42, Lanbou Tegn Dienste Preloria, Navorser, 1965, StellenboschDu Toit J J, 30, H F Verwoerd Hospitaal Preloria, Geneesheer, 1975, Koedoeskop.Du Toit J J, (Lid Nr 6262), Geneesheer - Port Elizabeth-Noord - Voorgestel vir die U B in

1 968Du Toit J J, 37, Ouplaas Prince Alfred Hamlet, 9oet,1977, MiddelburgDu Toit J J F, KensingtonDu Toil J M, 31 , P/A Ho6r Landbouskool Kroonstad, Onderwyser,

.l 969

Du Toit J P, 34, Remkuil Caledon, Boet,1977Du Toit J P,27, Belhambra Woonstelle Humansdorp/Arkade Apteek, Apteker, 1975

PotchefstroomDu Toit J P, 47, Eikeboom PK Hermon, Boer, 1969Du Toit J P,34, Remountstraat 11 Ladysmith, Landmeter, 1970, PretoriaDu Toit J R v D, 36, Vlakplaas Koppies, Boer, 1972, BelfastDu Toit J S,48, Dept Verdediging Bloemfontein, Snr Klerk, 1965, PretoriaDu Toit M, 37,PlA Goudwesskool Carletonville, Vise-Hoof, 1974, WestonariaDu Toit M A,36, P/A Vleisraad Kaapstad, Klerk, 1965, SeepuntDu Toit M D,41 , Tweelingsfontein, Ventersdorp, Boer, 1965, KoppiesDu Toit M H J,28, Hofmeyrslraat Montagu, Onderwyser, 1974, RiebeeckkasteelDu Toit M J, 34, Stuartstraat 698 Deernes Pretoria, Snr Adm Beampte, 1976Du Toit M S,34, P/A S A Weermag Upington, Majoor, 1975, Monte VistaDu Toil M v B, 28, Uiterste Hoek Clocolan, Boer, 1965, Ficksburg !

Du Toit N,35, P/A BAR Postmasburg, Gebiedsbestuurder, I975, SasolburgDu Toit N J,36, P/A S A Polisie Aucklandpark Johannesburg, Adi-Oflisier, 1968Du Toit N M J,43, Weslaan 47 Florida, Opleiding Tegn Poswese, 1971, Port ElizabethDu Toit O J J,37, P/A S A Weermag Pretoria, Kolonel, 1974Du Toit P,41, S A Polisie (Veiligheid) Burgersfort, Kaptein, 1974, PretoriaDu Toit P E,34,P/A Sendingkerk Laingsburg, Predikant, 1974, MalmesburyDu Toit P E J, 42, P/A Diamantmyn Swartruggens, Hysbakbestuurder, 1963Du Toit P G, 31, Coetzerstraat Reddersburg, Onderwyser, 1 970, LoxtonDu Toit P J,44,D M Tomlinson & Kie Swellendam, Rekenmeester, 1970, AshtonDu Toit P J,4.1 , Middelplaas Cornelia,Boer, 1970, Piet RetiefDu Toit P J,31 , Esterhuyzenstraat 7 Carnarvon, Onderwyser, 1974, Victoria-WesDu Toit P J,42, N G Pastorie Worcester, Predikant, .l

967, MarikanaDu Toit P J S,35, Leeufontein Potchefstroom, Onderwyser/Boer, 1969, Kroonstad

A34

n90

)69

P, Ioil I ! (SOiere) 30, Ktoovenburg Riebeeckkasteet, Boer, 1966, petrusvileDu Toir R E, 38. Rusfontein Rawsonv]lte,

-B-il ib;s

Du Toit R p, 37 Hodrskoot Boshof, OnOernoot, j 5i5, Sn"nnonDu Toit S, P U vir CHO potchefstroom, n.gt.il.rt"ui rgOSDu Toit S (prof), professor Semitiese fafeF U uiiCirO potchefstroom, .t 963pu loit ! J (Dr) Lid van die U n se weiensr,"p kJmte" in 1973Du Toit S J, 34, Rudweo 10 Dunnottar/SirOirIrO Niger, Rekenmeester, 1976Du Toit S p, 27, Anex E'iandsfontein Orief*asLq Boer, tgOTDu Toit S W J, 28, Voortrekkerslraat Krug;r;;;6: ianoarts, 1965, ChrissiemeerDu Toit T A, 39, Duncansrraat 4, Brenthuirst B;;i;a;, Adjunk-Hoof,, 1977Du Toit z 8,34.p/A universiteit van Steilenboi"l, t_"r,to, in Fisika, 1975, RawsonvilreDuvenage A p c, 30, Geref pastorie nuckranJFarliohannesburg, predikant, 1965,EikenhofDuvenage A P C, 42, N G Sendingkerk Kterksdorp, predikant, 1967, ThabazimbiDuvenage A S,36, Volkskas Votkslrust a"strriJel, isos t/ioo"ibr;g i p--" -Duvenage H J p,4g, Laerskoor eurgersnoop-/-cn-ancriff Krugersdorp, skoorhoof, 1g70,VereenigingDuvenage J G, 33, Goedverwachtrng Vereeniging, Boer, 1975, pretoriaDuvenage J p, p U vir C H O potcn;tstroom,-Sni'f_!ko, (Aardrykskunde), 1963Duvenage P S, 30, pres Hodrskoor Ridgeway ionr.n"sorrg, onderwyser, 1 g73, BoksburgDuvenage s c w (prof ) p U vir cHo Fot"r,LrctroomTHoffmanstraat 30 potchefstroom _^

Lid van die u R se Jeugkomitee in 1973 -sxarer oy universrtert-in rilzo- -'

Duvenhage G P J (Lid Nr 7709), Kuruman, Boer, .l 962

Duvenhage J G, 32, Universiteii van pretoiia, Snr LLXtor, l967, WestonariaDuvenhage J P M, 33, Hertzogville, Landdros, ,l965Duvenhage M d W, 28, Bothasmoed pK Vanzylsrui Boer, 1 969Duvenhage w r, Kuruman- By,Bondsraad u.ri igo-o praat hy oor Die RapportryersDwyer L H,30, p/A Hodrskoor oriftanshoek, onderwyser, tbzs Niet<errsnoop'-Dvson s B, 37, presidenr Krugerstraat ros, nyntierJ Benoni, ceneeih;;; i-;i6 preroria

EEarle P A, 43, Combustion Eng (pty) Ltd Johannesburg, Besturende Direkteur,

1 966, StellenboschaT;Tl?"|:,j, 35, orpenstraat Smithfietd/Ho6rskoor Genl Hertzog, Skoothoof, 1977,

Ebersohn G G (Lid Nr 7700), preloria, Ouditeur, 1962Ebersohn J F P, 33, N G Bantoekert< Sprtngs, pieO-i[]nt, r gOZ, SteilenboschEbersohn p C, 49, p/A Munisipaliteit Sprinli, veiioJrinspekreur, 1963Eberscihn w c, 32, crodestraai Bettysbaai,"iuratoi-v-an aotaniese Tuine, 1973, oos-LondenEhlers C B, 33, p/A Hodr Tegn Skool Randfontein, Onderwyser, 1 966Ehters C F,41. Doreo Landbduhoewe. No, z]i;i"ioiia, prokureur, 1971Ehters c F B H, 35, Fle uunisipatit",r-lj."inrig"Ki.ik van die Raad, 1969, HarrismithEhlers J, 45, S A Potisie Tz:neen, nat:OiiLieiigZ6l,lonannesburgEhlers J G,38, p/A Ross & Jacobsz'pLtoiia,'protireur, t975, BritsEhlers J H,38, p/A Goede.Hoop Sitrusroc;p birirlj"i S"r,r"t"ris, 1967, paarttil"#J.i.: 46' c J Lansenhovenstraat s2 %;;N;;;o7s e s aii sx"x"rf,elmpte, r s7zEhrers R' 41 , prA Hodrskoor Bran-d_wag Uitenhage, vise-Hoof, 1g76, steilenboschEhlers T J, 30, Comosastraat 697 ooiinoiiCret"oria, 6noerwyser, tgzaEksteen A J,39, p/A Hodr Votkskoot potcnetsiroori, io;-xoot, 1967, Kempton parkEksteen C J, 35, Landdroskantoor frugersOorp, Sni''t_anOOros, 1 976, SasolburgEksteen D F,42, Eerstelaan 1.1 LindenTs n U X,Jo"rn"rrs, 1976, Londen_Efi::l F J 2^8, Krygstuisraad. preroria, Fr"i"xin'slni"ir, 1s74, Lyttetrontksteen G D, 32, Drodvtei Klipheuwel, goer, t SZi, trtatmesnuryFft::l l, lo,.[olvl.rnyazura, Boer, is66, winoris'-Et(steen L C. 47. Buffelsfontein pK Crecy (Naboom"spruit), Boer, 1976, KroonstadEksteen L 1,33, Metkbosfontein pir"tO"ig, go"i, igi;t*;n"J.r J c' 31, p/A Merino stoetrereis v"i"nig;g'cr"afr-Reiner, sekretaris, 1973,

Rrn

A35

Eksteen Z J, Groblersdal (Bustende Lid Nr 2754)Ellis A F,35, P/A Dept van Walerwese Pretoria, Booringenieur, 1968 --EllisAJM,35,P/ASAS&HBloemfontein'Vakleerlinginstrukteur,l9T4Ellis A P,41, Dept van Justisie Pretoria, Adm Beampte, 1964, Ladismith

Ellis M C, 42, 4dbLaan 25 Heidelberg Tvl/Volkskas Bpk, Bestuurder, I970, Kempton Park

Ellis P H, 41 , P lA S A Polisie Benoni' Adj-Otfisier, 1966' Brakpan

Etott C l_,38, Universiteit van die NoordePietersburg, Professor, 1974, Bloemfontein

Elofl D J,41, P U vir CHO Potchefstroom' Snr Lektor, 1968

Eloll F C (Prol), President van Noord-Tvlse Rugby--Unie

Elofl S J P E,37, Jorissenstraat 49a Pietersburg, Sjirurg, 1967, Krugersdorp

Eloff T, 4l, P/A Provinsiale Koshuis Northam, Skoolhoof, 1974, Keetmanshoop

Elol{ T, 29, P U vir CHO Potchelstroom, Leklor' 1977 Rustenburg

Etof W S9, pln Bantoe-Beleggingskorp Pretoria, Sekrelaris, 1969, Johannesburg

Elofl w G,34, Villageweg azs Mento Park Pretoria, Tandarts, 1966, Bloemtontein

Els A L, 50, Honingkop Heilbron, Boer' 1964

Els C J, 47, Cranston Cathcart, Boer' 1 965

Els C J, 46, Uithoek Koppies, Boer, 1970, All Days

Et, c u R,42, Voss Laerskool/pK Mamogagaleskraal (Brits), sL.oolhoo', 1966

Els J C, 30, Fronemanslaal 52 Marquard, Onderwyser' 1965, Brandlort

Eri I c,3t, Votxsxas Bpk Wesselsbron' Rekenmeester, 1964, Kempton Park

Els J H,40, Oshakati Owambo, Snr lnligt. Beampte, 1973, Umtata

Els J M,32, Universiteit Fort Hare, Snr Lektor, 1972, Johannesburg

Els N J,39, S A Polisie Van Ryn Benoni, Kaptein, 1967, Nelspruit

Els N J 41, SAS & H Port Elizabeth, Klerk, 1964, Fort Beaulort

Et. p t" R, 32, Empilisweni Sterkspruit, Geneesheer, I975' Preloria

Ets R .l 40,p lA Fiodrskool Ben Vorster Tzaneen, Onderwyser, 1967, Nylstroom

Els W C, 47, Nooitverwacht PK Vermaas, Boer, 1975, Odendaalsrus

Ei; w i, 38, p/A Munisipatiteit sranderton/Banioesake, Asst Direkteur, 1973,-Bethlehem

EngetOrecni A M, 34, Keetmanlaan Keetmanshoop, Opmeter/Tekenaar' 1 970'

StellenboschEngelbrecht A S,32, P/A Volkskas Pretoria, Ekonoom' l965, Potgietersrus

Engelbrecht B J (Prof), N H KerkEr6"inr""nt c n'sa, ijln s n potisie Middetburg K p, Luitenanr, 1975 Noupoort

EndefOrecnt C J,29, Hoerskool Nico Malan Humansdorp, Onderwyser, 1964,Noupoort

E;g;tb,;hi c v, sc, H/v Grensweg & Groeneweide Be1vi1e, prokureur, l971,

BurgersdorPE"g;i6;;;hi5 c, s9, P/A o'Kiep Koper Mpv-Nababeep, Ho-or Drukkerv' 1974' Garies

Enlelbrecht D E. 34, Albertonse Ho6rskool' Onderhoof' 1 973, Lydenburg

En6elorecnt F W T, 35 Prinstooslraat 18 Bronkhorstspruil/Hoerskool Erasmus, Vise-Hool'

1971, Groblersdalrngiini..ni-G c, ae, pu n Banroe_onderwys Btoemtontein, tnspektew, 1964, Fouriesburg

Eniefnrecnt G C,32, Karjiepieringstraat 14 Cottesloe, Snr Dosent c O K, 1971, Meyerton

En6etOrecnt G C 36, poirrtje prbranjeville, Onderwyser/Boer' 1974'.DentY:Ylll"

En6ef orecnt G J 35 P/A Hoer Tegn Skool Middelburg, Onderwy-sa' 1973' Nylstroom

EndefOrecnt G p,31, Hodrskool Pr6sident Vasco, Onderwyser,.l967, Kanoneiland

En6efOtecnt C S, Sa, De Kokstraat 3 M6relig Bethlehem, Vise-Hoof' 1974' Zastron

Enlef5recnt H J 35 Swartfontein Vierfontein, Boer, I971 , Bronkhorstspruit o

En[elbrecht H J,38, S A Polisie Preloria, Kaptein, 1965, Johannesburg

En6etnrecnt I J,38, Drs Engelbrecht & Fourie Randfontein, Geneesheer, 1968, Pretoria

E"g.ibr".nt J 40 p/A Syb-okhaarraad Port Elizabeth/Aragonweg 28 Adcockvale,

BemarkrngsbeamPte, 1 975, PretoriaEngelbrecht-J, 40, P/A Delmas Koop, Sekretaris, 1974, Springbok

En[etbrecht J A, 39, p/A Afdetingsraad Steytlerville, Sekretaris, I974, Uitenhage

Enlelbrecht J A,38, N G Pastorie Nuwerus, Predikant, 1974, Vryburg

Endelbrecht J F,35, Monumentweg omarurulplA sentramark swA (Edms) Bpk,

Besluurder, 1 977, PretoriaEngeibrecht i p, aO, P/A Meyer Nel & Kie, Bloemfontein, Ouditeur, 1969' Reitz

En[etnrecnt J p: 45 Carinusstraat 208 Meyerspark Pretoria, lnspekteul van onderwys,'I 975, Umlata

englrbi""nt.J p J, 35, Beautortstraat 7 Goodwood/S A S & H, Asst Statistikus, 1 977. Parow

A36

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Engelbrecht J S. 32. I oopstraat 4 parys. Onderwyser, I 96g. HeilbronEnsetbrecht J w. 3s proi sr i bren i,l.iii sl"rlJ,ian, 1e76Ensetbrechr M C. 41. U^,[lT. :-pi'i.jvoffi,bnd",*y.u,, 1e66 Berhtehem

:1%H'""."*#,nG'28 Jtnttt.'aar rouwsriJierTs e's & H, Erekrrotegn rngenieur. rs73,

Engelbrecht N,34 privaatsak X1020, Nylstroom, Onderwyser, 1974, Benoni

i',"#f#r:"H s s2' P/A s;;ffi;s#;",'#l;"'.""tskap Germiston, Assr-sekretaris,

Engerbrecht pJ 8.31. N G Kerk Luipaardsvrei. predikant, 196g, pretoriaEngetbrechr p T. 43 et1 5 1S rir.i;; #il.; Kredrelbestuurder, 1975, KroonsradEngetbrechr R 27 p/A-S-A pJ".r,""["g."piuiolr,

noi-O,,isier. 1975, VredendatEngetbrecht R, 35. Oroenstraar SmitntieiOl C."n"""1n""r, 1967, pretoria.H:?,"":?,,?A 3+. iaranaraan zai, \,a,il;=i;'iHoofstad Urtrusters. Besturende

:iiflifflffiw B' 3s, P/A Unisa Buro vir Universneils-Navorsins, snr Navorser, 1s77,

tngelbrecht W J, 33. Volkskas Thabazimbi Bestuurder, l 966, SorinosEngets M N, 42, Tamoansorano oistiu;r;;;.8;, 1975, KeeimaishoooEnstin J H. 38, Leonarrtvirre, s-erreraiis;;;;r;;il.r,, 1971ti:::r' s, 40, Dept Doeane & ar<syns p",."irl.i!in. Admin Beampre, r964 MidderbursEnslin p J J S,27, Gerel pastorie pongola, predikanr, i965, piet RetiefEnsrin S J N/.49. p/A venda-Reg"ringlJ[n.'!*a, A B B. r975. preroriaEnstin T H, 39. Brakvtei Herrbron]Boei,-igli " "."Erasmus A M,38. Laerskoot lrSli.id.,lnoothoof, 1965, Vryburg_E:i:Trr B. 32. Virsinia SenekatlBoer, igTi--','"",trrasmus B p, 46. Libenri King William;s iori,n Safema n/Boet, 1gt4''3iXli"'.flf *':$:fi#i:::','"1:li::il,11; lb;". aondsiua-J *n 1e66 & , e6e metErasmus D J, 33, p/A S A S.a.H f.fersprlit. Etektro Tegn tng. 197S. pretoriaErasmus D J. 33, Wit,onrein cX AircnrJigt'Al".,,igrErasmus D L, 37, p/A Voorbereiding.ko";i M"#kinj Stoornoot 1974, Georoetrasmus E H, 40, Berozrchtslraat vfiir-"llriv. C"X.".r,"u,. 1966, SprinoboiErasmus F c, 34, V o-s Langebaan*eg x F 'vr[Inier

r szr. pretoria::::::: F p :i Beerpoorr EteyrrervirrJ B;",, r;;;Lrd>[rus r r\. J3. Jakaranl65ll36t 27 Cradock v"uarta, 1g77. Middelburo K p

:ttli?,:"3Z,solwaYstra.. e B"riuiilJ7i"oi-^l!r,,,nsoerrekkinse, Aim Beampte,

Erasmus G F' 25 Greytownse Ho.rskoor. onderwyser, 1g77, paurpietersburoErasmus c J (Lid Nr 60r l). predir.ant _ V-oor"S';stfir,, Oie U R in 1968Erasmus H J, 29, Mediese-senrru, or.o."lbr,rii7rn."r. 1968, Durban..:::ir: { I 33 Dept Bosb_ou E.no*u xl"iilis6l, ,<nyrn.trrasmus J A. 44, Hoewe 16,7, xameetoiiri preioiilla.n"..neer, 1973, AmatiaErasmus J c' 27 ' p/A Geref xerr, xeetmansiJoi, p]"airant

1 974. potchefstroomErasmus J C. 28. N G paslorie i.J;[ N #;di ln, r gzo Vryburs:l::l:: j 9" l_ ?9 coedsedachr a"ii,.l e""i i;i;E[:il:: j 3 iL fli#jj]:l srlan_dyes si"re.oo..r, sff Lekro_r 1e67 Sreylervirrepotgietersrus straal l2 Birchleigh/Steyn & Meyer ouo,t"ri I'5il]''Erasmus J J, 39, Grosmannstraat Wesselbron, Sakeman, 1g66t,.flt#,HdJJ' 30, Kampstraat r+ v.vnrrgu sir"frilr-N..ionaal, Takbesruurder, 1e75,Erasmus J M, 35 Buffelstontein Mailabas. Boer, 1969Erasmus J M,37, p/A Univ-ers.iteit pr.t"r.Ist"rrs"vl"earts

& Dosent, 1g68, pietersburgErasmus J M. 32. Beckerstraar L.oirriinls[oiiu.i!"rr"trri. 1964, KirkwoodErasmus K G, s3, Moedvertoren L"Ji" ad"isjii"i)u,o,,.Erasmus L A, 45, p/A S AErasmus L J. 40, p/AV"ir,.:.19Tts Pretoria' Kaptern' 1968

e,asmus i i e ii'fi.;,;i:'"::,1';t;[:"#Ji:t$S:rr.!u tenant'Koron et 1s77, preroriahrasmus L M, 34 N G rierr< oe drbem FiJir."rili 96-7 g6u1p6. 9 y a

sburg/erton

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A37

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Erasmus M C, Voormalige Sekretaris van OnderwysErir.r. rr/ C, gS, PIA iniversiteit Zoeloeland Empangeni, Snr Lektor, (Privaatreg) 1974,

Fort HareErasmus P F, 30, Bekkersrusl Belhal, Boer,

.1 974

Err.rrs P J E 32 De Witskraal P K Hammanskraal, Boer, .l 975' Pretoria

Erasmus P J E, 29, Witfontein PK Kaalfontein, Boer, 1965

Erasmus R P, 40, lnmalkaar Thabazimbi, Boer, 1965, Odendaalsrus

Err.rr. S J. 30, Rooiribbokstraat 74 Waterkloo{-Uitbr Pretoria, Regsadviseur, I973

Bloem{onteinfrasmusSJP38,HoilrTegnSkoolFicksburg,lnstrukteur'1966'VentersburgLr"r*r. W J, 38, P/A Stadslraad Rustenburg, Stadsklerk' 1973' Lichtenburg

Eru.rnu. W L, 37, Koedoe Apteek Vanderbijlpark, Apteker' 1 967' Durban

Erlank A, 44,PlA Laerskool Ferndale Randburg, Onderwyser' I968' Florida

Erf rnf g J,34, P lA Boland Bank Victoria-Wes, Bestuurder' 1977 De Doorns

Erlank C, 33, P/A Kreosootwerke Kareedouw, sekretarls' 1969' Louis Trichardt

Erfinf. f 27, N G Pastorie Tweeiing, Predikant, 1966' Harrismith

Erwee n l, 29, Fritsche H 26 pioni6rspark windhoek, Geneesheer, 1976, Pretoria

Erwee J H, 36, Phillip Wesselsbron, Boer, 1968, Brandfort

Erpiin.r B 33 Burgerta.nlts v.'*o"rdburg, Assr sekretaris A T K B, 1971, Witbank

Eib"it v A, 43, Pi A Laerskool Epping, Skoolhool, 1964, Touwsrivier

Esierhuizen H C, 44, Bultfontein Hutchinson, Boer' 1964

Eiternuizen H 1,29, p/A St Andrews colege Grahamstad, onderwyser, l974,

BloemfonteinEsteinuizen J J B, 36, C C v Dykstraat 3 Krugersdorp, Landdros, 1976, Vredendal

iiternuizen J M, 38, Diepdrif Graskop, Boer/Handelaar' 1969

Eii"rnrii.n W C 38 Pastoriestraal 13 Keetmanshoop' Boer/s9keman 1967

E;i;,;;y; e r, sz, Residensieweg outjo onderwvser' 1972' Gobabis

E;i;il;i;. A J, 39, p/A universitJr steilenbosch, voortrgtingsbeampte, 1967, Paarl

Eii.tnry.u H de W 43, Arbeiders{ontein Williston' Boer' 1975

Eiternuyse H G, 28, Volstrurslontein Williston, Boet' 1972

E;i;r;;i;; w F, so, P/A Universiteitskollege vir lndiers Durban' Snr Lektor' 1967'

StellenboschEy;;;; J C B 41 , Afd pubtikasies Dept v tntigting preroria, onderhoof, 1 964, Babanango

FFaasen C A, 31 , Ho€irskool Robertson, Onderwyser' 1 974' Jan Kempdorp

faaien .f , 38, Allemanskraal Aberdeen, Boer' 1965' Somerset-Oos

Faasen p D, p/A Vic nrrnsirong TS Micaliforniastraat 93 crosby Johannesburg,

Drukperswerktuigkundioe. 1 975

Fr;;;i;; F ri, +s Fln s"n Polisie Paarl, Kaptein' 1968' Riversdal

fairei p l, 41, Mooimeisierust Afrikaskop, Boer' 1971' Bethlehem

Faul c M (Dr), MotensrrartTi por"n"t.iroo* - skakel by Milit6re Opleidingskamp op

Potchefstroom, 1966Faul M, 38, S A Weermag Pretoria, Majoor' 1969' O^ttosdal

rrri r,l1'a ss, U o V S Bioemtontein, Prolessor, 1965' Potchefstroom

Faure J M B, Kurator _ r_"it"rrr"oige Museum Bloemfontein - was lank Lid van dielJ B

Faure J M B (Lid Nr 1256;Bto;;i;niein (noi-oireKeur van onderwys)' Voorgestel vir die

U R in 1968FaurePH,34,HendrikBoomstraatllWorcester,Geneesheer,,lgT5,BloemlonteinFiurie W H (Lid Nr 2O0O) Komatipoort, Boer/L V^

fucnter L F,25, P/A Fechter & Fechter Knysna' Rekenmeester' 1964

Fetstead p G H,46, Serronieinstraat 1 5 Libra'dene Boksburg/Laerskool Elsburg' Skoolhoof

1976, PrimroseFelstead P G H,35, P/A Setotoloane-Hodrskool PK LutaSrUS. Skoolhoof, 1965, Dendron

Fensham F C (Lid rur zozil,-pioiessoilsemiriese rate) - Lid van die U R (Voorgestelvir die

U R in 1968)Ferreira B A, 33, Molenstraat 59 Potchefstroom/S A Weermag' Kommandant' I971'

BloemfonteinFerreiraBP,29,P/AHodrskoolVryburgerPrimrose'Onderwyser'1974'Potchefstroom

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Ferreira c J,37 ' p /A van Zyr wegner Maritz & vennote Letsitere, ouditeur, 1976, NerspruilFerreira C J, 33, p/A Bergers-M-otorna*eiosrei, b-estetrterk iS6A Li.hr.nOrigFerreira D M,41, Elinus Cradock, Boer, lsli- -'"

Ferreia E, 41 , p / A S A polisie Bulilontein, eOi_Ottisier, .l 968, Boshofft"[JI]":* f 1'nBrrghtonrYlaan

s some'si,ant Foii erizaoetnzrorororo,. r"rpy, Direkteur

FerreiraGT,4T,sAS&HJohannesburg,personeersuperintendenl,lg64,LanqkroofKpFerreia J B G, 37, Ho.jrskoot coresoeig]Hooiig"oa-, nli.lilgFerreira C T, 44, privaarsak Snyberg UiionO"ii,, ao", r szOFerreira I J, 44, Gum Tree_Grove Uiiecht, B;A j9r4 phitippotisFerreira I P H (Dr) (Lid Nr 7710; BtoemfonLin rS6Zterreua J M, 37 Breestraat Joubertina. Onderwyser, 1g67, DordrechtFerreira J T (LiO Nr 775g), porl Etjzabeth, 1963 '--:::::I:]-,12:Y.^gqsley 17 Boksburs/p/A Sraosraad, Kterk van die Raad, 1e71Ferrerra L H, 34, p/A Munisipariteit Ficksburg, stadslesourier, r goz xroonsiaoFerrerra M. 40, Singet Thorn Enketdoorn nno",i.rielEloer, 1969Feneia P M. 32, Ascot Ciocolan, Boer, 1 972Ferrerra O J O, 33, R G N pretoria, Geskied Navorser, igl4,Thaba,NchuFerreira S E S, 38, 4destraal t 2g Naboomsprrir, !"X.r.n, 1977, GroblersdalFerreua v N (Nic) 42, 3elaan 15_Heiderbeft iut,-io.r"".t" t, 1974, VirginiaFischer H J, 40, p/A S A potsie pretoria Kiptein, f gZA Vryburg-Fischer K J,43, Roodekrans Morgenzon, Ao&,-fgOgFick J c, 29, p / A Bandse Afrikaa"nse uni*riit"it-JJnannesburg, Dosent, .r g75, preloriaFick J I J, 34, p/A Naude & Naude af oemtonie-in,Hekenmeester, 1969Fick J J, 31, Valencia Bergville, Boer, 1966 O"uon

-Fick J J 31 Wetkom ReirzlBoer, rSO+, b"u;'-Ii.l ! H 30, Vaalplaas Disr Catedon, eoer,lgZOt-rck L H, 31, Koedoebutr p7S 1037 Waterpoort, Boer, 197.1 , VryburgIi.l !.F1 36, vlakraagre pK Deatesviile, Aoei i'gOa-Frck M P, 45 Hotirskool Christjana, Sekretaris, i966Fick s.J 30 P/A Munisipariteit xemptoneari e-s-siuootgesondheidsinspekteur,.r 973,KimberleyFilmalter L J, 37, p /A yskor pretorja, Skeikundige, 1964, ThabazimbiFirmani O M, 32, Seunskoshuis Sprrngbof., OnOEi*yier, 1968, parowFitzgeratd P, 36, Earlstraat 36, Newcaifle Cun"".nl.r, 1967, DurbanFivaz A M, 33, p/A Ho6rskool.Butrtont"in, OnO"i*fier, rSOS VereenigingtTfr",, p C, 31, Servaasstraat 1B Ftamwood kiu,[.Ot,p Onderwyser]19-21, Heidetberg

F.lscher J C E, By 1g65 Bond.sraad praat hy oor Moedertaar onderwys, (Nerspruit)Fouche A F,38, Conradie & Miller Witbant,'A".trriO", .l g64, ErmeloFouche D R, 33, Geref Kerk Grobtersdat, pi"O,farf lSZa, potchefstroomFouche J' 40' p /A Generar Mrning Johinn"iorig, ioot-ceoroog, j g73, Barberton

1,T:,/r* 39, Cedarstraat g4, dorriemoo,", bEbr,iiooieerou n"r"nrb"Jt"i'i6zz

Fouche I I (!,! Nr 1899) Gewese Staatspresidenrl-ouche J P, 29, p/A Hodrskool Napier, Onderwyser, 1976, RobertsonFouche J P,45, S A potisie preto.a, LtO

"in Veili!freidspolisie, 1974, DetmasFouche L. (Lid Nr 7790) pretoria. ,1962 - --. v -"Fouche ! I q1 Rooikoppies Lady Grey, Boer, t973r-ouche P A, 38, perseel 616 Magagong, Boer, I 967 MariokoFouch6 P M, 37, Etandskraatskodi ix r,iooinooi, Siobinooi, 1967, BritsFourie A p, 99

p/A Dept Ho6r Onoer*yi-ireioiil,'lir vaxr< Beampre, 1968Fourie A B, 30, p/A Usko Vereeniging, buoiteuiski"ir,, rgog, BethtehemFourie A J, 35, p/A stadsraad vaioeioiilpirr, o-a-rr,4'oiretreur, 1966, pretoriaFoule C A, 39, Votkskas Barkty_Oos, SeituulOer,-f d68, pretoriaFourie C E, 39, p/A Hotrrskoot A .J foen eloe;n'oi,-dnoerwyser, t 977Fourie C J, 44, yskor preloria, Snr Klerk, fgZ+, Stevn-srusFourie C M. 3-2, Clongowna pK Hennenr.", go;ig6Sr-ourie D A, 39, Tvrse onderwysdepartemeni arakpai, sierkundige, 1967, pretoriaFourie D J.34, Appetdoorn Dordrecht, goe, 1gii--"

A39

Fourre D J, (Lid Nr 7791 , Pretoria, 1962)Fourie D P, 35, Liddlesdale PK Holfontein, Boer, 1969Fourie F 1H,35, P/A N G Kerk Griekwastad, Skriba, 1969, DouglasFourie G J, 42, VanderWaltstraat Noupoort, Onderwyser, 1964, OudtshoornFourie H, 37, S A Polisie Paul Roux, Sersant, 1966, SannieshofFourie H, 29, Westridingweg Ferrivale Nigel, Geneesheer, 1974, PretoriaFourie H P, 38, P/A Unisa Pretoria, Snr Lektor, 1974Fourie I S, 39, Nieuwerus Koelenhof/Rupert lnternasionaal, Skeikundige, 1976, PaarlFourie J, 33, P/A Veiligheidspolisie Brakpan, Luitenant, l975, NapierFourie J, 26, Voorwaarts-Koshuis Steynsrus, Onderwyser, l 968, DordrechtFourie J, 33, S A Weermag Pretoria, Majoor, l964, BloemfonteinFourie J, 38, Opleidingskollege Paarl, Dosent, l964, StanfordFourie J, 38, Salisburystraat 69 Bellville/P/A Volkskas Bpk Bellville, Rekenmeester,

1 977, JoubertinaFoune J, Posbus B Tempe, Kommandant, 1 967Fourie J A, 33, Joe Petra Petrusville, Boer, 1972, PhilipslownFourie J A C, 42, P/A Volkskool Senekal, Onderwyser, 1967, HeilbronFourie J C, 30, Hodrskool Koshuis Sannieshof, Onderwyser, 1 972, JohannesburgFourie J C H,28, P/A Ho6rskool Christiana, Onderwyser, 1966, FeiviloFourie J F, 37, Langplaas Dist Barkly-Wes, Boer, l977Fourie J H, 32, P lA Fiskor Phalaborwa, Superintendent, 1975, SasolburgFourie J H, 33, Junior Koshuis Excelsior, Onderwyser, 1967, BrandfortFourie J J, 40, Katima Mulilo/S A Weermag, Majoor, 1976, ErasmiaFourie J J, 28, P lA N G Gemeente Bloemfontein, Predikant, 1974, StellenboschFourie J J, 38, P/A Landbank Pretoria, Hoof Stelselontw, 1973Fourie J J (Lid Nr 4805), Professor - Bloemfontein - Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968Fourie J J H,44, P/A Hospitaalraad Senekal, Sekretaris, 1975, WinburgFourie J M, 40, Robinson Getroude Kwartiere Randfontern/Laerskool Rapportryer,

Skoolhoof, 1 970, Stilfonte,nFourie J M, 40, P/A N H Kerk Nylstroom, Predikant, 1968, BenoniFourie J M, 47, Rooipoort Philipstown, Boer, 1974Fourie J P, 45, Tennyson 75 Lombardy-Oos Johannesburg, Motorhandelaar, 1 970, YeovilleFourie J S, 33, Handelsingel 4 Despatch, Onderwyser, 1969, KirkwoodFourie J S, 29, Laerskool PK Vivo, Onderwyser, 1969, PretoriaFourie J S, 47, P/A Foskor Phalaborwa, Produksiebestuurder, 1975, O'KiepFourie J S,38, P/A Ferreira & Fourie Bethal, Prokureur,1974, LydenburgFourre L D,40, Berg-en-Dal Ashton, Boer, 1973, KlerksdorpFourie L de J, 35, Brink Roos & Du Toit Johannesburg, Ouditeur, 1965, BloemfonteinFourie L J,37,P/A Bobs Motors Bulawayo, Onderdelebestuurder, 1976, DurbanFourie L J F, 27, Slangfontein Kransfontein, Boer, 1973, KestellFourie L M, 32, Van Graanstraat Potchefstroom, Onderwyser, 1977, GobabisFourie M T S,38, N G Gemeente Braamfontein, Predikant, 1970, MelvilleFourie N, 43, P /A Cullinan Holdings Ltd/Millweg 24 Olifantslontein, Produksiebestuurder

1975, RustenburgFourie N, 39, Pi A Sentrale Makelaars Kempton-Park, Versekeringsmakelaar, 1976,

JohannesburgFourie N J, 38, "Wag-'n-Bietjieshoek" Vryheid, Boer, 1970 !Fourie N J, 29, S A Polisie Kempton Park, Speursersant, 1964, GroblersdalFourie N P,45, Transvaler Boekhandel Johannesburg, Bestuurder, 1964Fourie O J, 50, Opleidingskollege Wellington, Dosent, 1965, OudtshoornFourie P AC,47, P/A Dept Pos & Tel Pretoria, Adm Beampte, .l 968Fourie P C, 37, U O V S Bloemfontein, Professor, 1967, PretoriaFourie P J, 34, Broomweg 21 Casseldale Springs, Onderwyser, 1977Fourie P J, 30, S A Polisie Goodwood, Kaptern, l974, CalviniaFourie P J,35, Visserstraat 4 Strubenvale Springs, Landdros, 1967, Heidelberg TvlFourie P J, 39, P/A Raad op Atoomkrag (lsotoop Navorsing), Pretoria Wetenskaplike, 1975Fourie P J, 38, S A Polisie Devon, Adj-Olfisier, 1975, BrakpanFourie P J V, 30, Posbus 30 Randiontein, Tandarts, 1 963, PretoriaFourie P B, 45, Meriba Bethlehem, Boer, .1

969Fourie P S,25, P/A Riversdalse Koop/Proteastraal 4 Albertinia, Graangradeerder, l975

A40

b8

Fourie R G, 27, Ho.rskool Hennenman, Onderwyser, .t 964, potchelstroomFourie S, 35, U O V S Btoemfonte,n Snl, L"[toi, i-g"60, eeaurort_WesFourie S O S. 30. Veroenoegd ScnweizeiRen"t.i OnO"r*y.er, 1970Fourie S p. 37 Soerdoijngs Vryburg, eoer rgii -'Fourie W A, 33 KwaggaliagteKinr"oss,go.i l9zO, arit,Foune W 4,33, Breitinostraat 20 Windhoek, N G piedikanl, j977Fourie w A H, 37, S A Fotisie 1"1"..".irii, U;;;, 1e64, NapierFourje w A J, 47. Gevanqenis.opreidings[ofiirg" iilonrt"d, Bevervoerder, rg64, pretoriaFourie W M, 32. p /A Wirt.our

w_o1ng. i"nOOr"rl Aoukonrrakteur, 1968, FouriesburgFourie W W,28, Erskinestraat..l 23 dreytown,iiof<ureur, 1976, MudenFranzsen P J J,29, N G sendingpastorre iieoeec'rlKasteer, sendering, 1964, KnysnaFraser H C, 35, Lewis constr_uction Bpt< .lonannlsourg, sekretaris/Rekenmeester, 1965t''i3;3n#,t",,,Xu, P/A Dept cerneenit<apsoou aro-"rionr"ir, str;;k;;;i;;niu"o"o,.oise,,

Friis J J, 28, Skootstraat philippolis, Onderwyser, 1969, BloemfonteinFriis T F,30, Skoot vir Dowe Bantoekinders finiilOiiri, Vise-Hoot, 1974, Thaba,NchuFritz A S, 36, Leicesterweg 44, Graham.t"O, L_1ndJior, .1976,

KimberteyFroneman P A. 35, p/A Keevysteyn av.nnoielonJnnesburg, rngenieur, 1g74, venlerstadFrylinck P C H,41, Stadsraab Robdepoort, nO, elri.t"nt, 1966, RandfonteinFuchsCD,VoorheenSAUKFuchs F G, 33, p/A Sanlam Nigel, Verleenwoordiger, 1975, BethalFuchs W D, 3j, Drakensberg._B-oekhandef OurOanliiesruurder, .l 967, King WilliamstownFurstenberg F J, 32, p /A Vo'ikskas frornpsLrrg, Reienmeester, 1969, pretoria

GGarbers F H C, 44, Dte Landdros Kroonslad, Asst Landdros, ,lg66,

WitbankGarbers p G C, 32, Ho6r Seuntoo -Sl;tfb",g

;;6;. Onderwyser, 1966, HeidetbergGauch6 J G, 42, Luckhofstraat Springbok, lrfyn-ei.I"rr, 1 965, JohannesburgGauche l.Hr 26, Framingo Sisat Mk;;, Bi";;; j;;4'uaum F M,22, N G pastorie Kuruman, predikant, i967, StellenboschGavera J p,34, p/A N G pastorie O" nrrilpr"jlx.il rgzo eueenstown.??iljlj# L, 41, p /A N G Moeoersemi"nt""-wlriinsro, N G p,;;ik;nr, 1e76

Geers P J,40,p/A Stadsraad Verwoerdburg, Stadsklerk, 1977, EdenvaleGeertsema c, 43, S A Wotraad pretoria,tr<5nJoH,"j'bo+Geertsema c J, 29, Natatiestra.ar sS fraurrayiieiJ pi"iori", Tandarts, 1973Geertsema J c,24. p/A Dept wrskunde unluersiteiipretoria, Lektor, 1965, swartruggensGeldenhuis J A, 33. Deot van Verdediging p,"t"r.'Kommandant, l966, TempeGeldenhuis P J. 43, Strvdfontein 71 pr"etoiia-frfoori/yskor. Navorser. 1976. phataborwaotf]il:ij:t r, s8, De Friedrandstraanii'"toii.)iiLM xorr"g", s-n;bi,"'ri"rii5pr., r szo,Geldenhuys A, 41, Uitkyk protem, Boer, 1966, Rhodes16Geldenbuys B H,35, Derdestraat 6s r-inoen/b A iv*rr"g, Loods, i973, potchefstroomGerdenbuys B 1,29, smutsstrqllt zs nanogire N c"preoiranr, 1971, ste[enboschGerdenbuys D J C, 33, p/A. A ]- x a p[tdia,t"i.,It.,i. Ig67, CarotinaGeldenhuys D J du p, (Lid Nr 7711)Ouee;;io;, iaiooros, rgozGeldenhuvs D rv, 39, p/A Nas aorr"Lnign;'"Ci.ao-Jr,, r"r,o".luurder, 1968, Midderburg

Geldenbhuys F G,44, Universitert van preloria, professor, i967Geldenhuys G J,34, Ruimte Dirkie uysstiaat naarrie"stury, vise-Hoof, 1971, worceslerGeldenhuys H A,38, pK Rietkuit Oo,. ri.nJ,.inr, OniJi*V.",, 1974, VaatwarerGeldenhuys H J, 42, Dept van Hander pretorii, foo]iarxunoige Beampte, r 975, LondenGeldenhuys I G. 30, Sonnest<yn Xroonstad, B;";; 1d;Getdenhuys J G, 34, V D Merwestraa 7i Wrrrtiro)"S A polisie, Luitenant, 1970,PietersburgGeldenhuys J J, 39, p/A S A weermag windhoek, Beverv Kommandemenr, 1g75, LuandaAngolaGeldenhuys J M, 49, Kliplaagte Lichtenburg, Boer, 1964Geldenhuvs J N, 34, p/A Naiionare xo"iini!-pJ'eii.o"rn Bestuurder, 1963, Kaapsrad

A41

lio

Geldenhuys J N L,37, Loevrestraat 34 Courtrai Suider-Paarl/s A Poiisie, Kaptein,1977.

KaapstadGetJennuys M L, 33, p/A Kouebokveldse Aartappelkooperasie Gydo, Bedryfsbestuurder

1972, Prins Alfred HamletGeldenhuys P J, 45, Laerskool Philadelphia, Skoolhoof, 1977, Bellville

Geldenhuys S 30 P/A Boland Bank Worcester, Bestuurder, 1975, Kaapstad

Geldenhuys S P,32, P/A Hoerskool Mafeking, Onderwyser, 1973 Levub^u -Cetdennuys W S,34, Tivotoord 28 Howick/Ciba Geigy, Teg Beampte' 1977'

Ysterplaat /NelsPruitGelderblom B C 45 P/A K W V Paarl, Sekretariele Asst, l977, Paarl

Gelderblom I J, 40, Katbergstraat 6 Noordheuwel Krugersdorp/uniewinkels,Streeksbestuurder, 1 971, Pretoria

Genade AE.,27, Vissery-Ontw Korp Knysna, Navorser, 1966, Parow

Genade G J, 29, S A S & H Kaapstad, Meulmaker, 1964, Parow

Genis E G J, 28. Laingshoogte PK Graafwater, Boer, 1971

Cenis L M,36, Huis Zi OXLpZO'fiep Copper Co, Geoloog, 1972' Vredendal

Genis M C de G 31, Lelanyane PK Gilead, Boer, 1966, Potgietersrus

OerOir n-ZZ, N G Pastorie-Brandvlei, N G Predikant, 1972, Stellenbosch

Gerber F A,35, Hodrskool Dr Malan Meyerton, Onderhoof, 1966' Rustenburg

Gerber F A,35, P/A Laerskool Kanoneiland, Skoolhoof, l977' George

GerberHJ,3l,P/APoskanloorpersoneelGeorge,AdmAssistent'1975Gerber H T, 37, S A Polisie Delmas, Bevelvoerder, 1975, Springs

Gerber H W, 38, Versleldweg 124 Vrilzee/S A S & H, ASSt.lngenieur, 1975, Wolseley

Gerber H W, 45, Laerskool Prieska, Skoolhoot, 1973, O'Kiep

Gerber J, Wolmaransstad, Onderwyser, 1966

GerberJJ,3g,springbokwegBLoevenstein,Vise-Hoof,1974'KuilsrivierGerber P (Lid Nr 7759), Molteno,

.l 963O"rne, S it, g+ pln S A Polisie Vredehoek Kaapstad, Luitenant, 1969, Biviersonderend

GerberSJ,37,P/^NorwoodCoaker.FabriekLadybrand,Apteker,lg6T,BloemfonteinGerber T J, 31, Kaallaagte Vermaas, Boer, 1 973, Zeerust

GerickeHS,4l,SALugdiensJohannesburg,Beplannings.A.SSiStent,l96T'BethlehemGericke J G, 42, Boeresake Parow, Verkoopsbestuurder, 1 969' Kaapstad

C"ri"L. J H O SA, Louis Riymondstraat l0 Unitaspark Vereeniging, Vise-Hoof Laerskool''1 977, Potchefstroom

Gericte J S (Dr), (Lid Nr 1999), Predrkant - Stellenbosch - Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968

Germishuizen i i gt P/A Clos-Tvlse Bantoesake Adm Raad Witrivier' Klerk, 1974

Germisnuizen J C,32 P/A Everest De Kock & vennote scholtzstraat 82 Witfield,

Elektrotegn lng, .1 970, BoksburgGermishuiz"en J b, 39, Bantoesak! Admin-Raad NOVS Bethlehem, Bestuurder

BantoedorP, .1 977, Standerton

Germishuizen W P,45, Elim Waterbron, Direkteur, 1971, Maclear

Germishuys L J A (Dr) (Lid Nr 7696) Heilbron, 1962

C".rvti e'n, +0, pin N'C Pastorte Malvern Durban, Predikant'.1 976' Pretoria

c.,rvii r 4:3,p/AVernuwings Sanlam Beltvile Hoofkterk, 1963, Kuilsrivier

Gerryts E D, 30, Unisa Pretoria, Bibliotekaris, 1970

Gersbacn H C, 38, Waterklip Vredenburg, Boer, I966

Gertenbach F P du T,32, N G Kerk Bulawayo, N G Predikant' 1973' Upington :

Gertenbach J D,34, Seunskoshuis Volksrusi/Hodrskool, Onderwyser, 1970, Ermelo

Ouri.nni.n M p,28, P/A N G Pastorie Louwsburg, Predlkant, 1974, Stellenbosch

O.rit,. i J,41 ,PlAGeustyn Forsyth & Jor.rbert Pretoria, lngenieur, l967, Papendorp

Geyein, 30, "Beau Geste" Politsi, Boer' 1970

Geyer H, 39, Weltevrede PK Bailey, Boer, 1967, Qu-eenstown

Geyer H J,29, N G Pastorie Dendron, Predikant,.l 975, Klerksdorp

Ceyer H.l, aO, Oept van Landbou Umtata, Hoofvakkundige, 1967' Ermelo

C"i,er.l C H, Malmesbury SX"f.t by Aldelingsraadkongres in Oos-Londen in 1968

G;i;, J C, 29, Munisipaliieit van Randburg, Stadsklerk, 1973, Klerksdorp

G;i;, J p gr, pln Votkskas Kusweg Strand Asst Rekenmeester, 1976, Malmesbury

Oeyer t- M, 37, Gevangenisterrein 39 Pollsmoor, Kaptein, 1975, Kroonstad

Ceyer p (ieitz), Praat 6or Jeugweerbaarheid by Bondsraad van I 969

O.ii"t A P,2g, LanOOroskantoor Fouriesburg, Landdros, 1968' Carolina

A42

)ien 1977

lestu urder

rrseley

)nderendrfontein

ihlehem

ierskool,

lin 1968)74

9lO1

ldOrp

Geyser C A C,31, Residentslraat 428 Bloemhof, Geneesheer, i969, pretoriaGeyser J, 47, p/A S A S & H p"t;;*q"SniXrlrenaar rsosGeyser O, 34, Universilert,van p_ort Etiza6etn, Snr ieftor, 1967, DurbanGevser p A' 30' p/A Ned Herv purbr;b;r;r;vvrrie,

ereoir<ani, is/+r'Jonann"so*gGeyser p R, 34, Voortrektur*eg 30 M"i"Xrg,Yund.u., .,967, pretoria9ig.r w.3e, p/A S A S & i1 pi,o*, i"r,"."I; ig)s cermistonGildenhuys A,41 ,p/A Val.der H,,"r*u a O,ridntiuys pretoria, prokureur, 1977Gildenhuys B J p,46, oosrhuizensrra;, M;;;i;b Tvt Boer, rsi1,"ilrno"orrp,r,tGrtdenhuys H J 3r Eoertonweg zr raoismitnl"c"J-neesheer. r965, LvdenburoGrtdenhuys J D.42. Seiond6re srootJl, ior.l""aio"rroni.,, "Si;ffi;

;U% w,no*gGitiomee p J, 28, Koppie erreenpLiOer<op-g."i ii;o,Gillaume G 30. pK Lrmburg eotg,etersrui, S""r. igoe RustenburgGitrirand J, sz, p /A yskor pietoria, M6;;;";i;sJnieur, r e70Gobrechts O O,37, Templeton HostetbeOtorO d;Our*yru,. 1967, Ashton K pGobregrs C, 31, Hoofstraat Bonnievale c;.;;;;;,, I964, De Doorns

"?'i:fl::Jt 32' Lansenhovenstraat d 5onJr," iJir.,iriu,., in,, xi""ir.'"viskor, r ezs,

Goosen A C,29, p/A NG pastorie Reddersburg, N G predikant, 1976, parowGoosen C J, 37, p/A G O X lonannesOu-rg, ;"1"., 1 974, pretoriaGoosen F p, 36, p/A poskantoo, frrfoft"no"p[rJester, f eOA, OudtshoornGoosen c p, 39, Die Drosdy voorrr"xx.rrirrli'Hii.',rn.oorp Landdros, 197i, pretoriaGoosen H p, 36, Krabfontein norruiff",-ao"i, i*;Goosen O J A, 32, Churchstraat 3A O1"rgl, i"rdrerer, 1973, port Etizabeth

""rXtTr".:/n# rtffi*"s s r,o,,dih.',;"rlItj,t"o r,."n,po,.i Hlio-iiii, br,""r,.,n,Goosen P A J 2g Neusuckly Herfzogville, Boer, .l 970Goosen p D, 43, Harmonie L"vo.o*-p, e;"i"rizi]ir.r"roGoosen p J, 32, Broukon px MopanelV;i;";i;;.; 1s68, MessinaGoosen p S,29, KerksriaatJt iorrrirre, ianOiror, lezz, HumansdorpGoosen S [/,44, p/A Vaal porteries M;;il;,;;;iroopsbesruurder, i968. E,israsoitrrTrr A p c, 34, Du pressissrraat ie 6.iiil p*r, iolchefsrroom, snr Lektor (Farmasje),Gough J P, 28, S A potrsie-Tuget? Fgffy Greytown, Adj-Offisier, 1965, Van RhynsdorpGous A G S,27, Noordsrraat aarXty-Wes, Oilr.nitopur, 1965, De AarGous H p F, 44, S W A Admin Wirionoei, Silrir.rpr"..ar. 196sGous H p H (Lid Nr 7730) Grootfont"r, jSiS-'"'"tGous J H,34. N G Sendingkerk XrmOertey. FieOrkant, 196g. AtbertiniaGous J J. 29. Toto Niekerklhoop, eoer i66O

-" '*"Gous J P, 46, Neitersdrif Keimols, B;"; iddsGous J P 30, Albertstraat 2 Uitenhage, G"-n".'".f,".r, 197S, peddieGouws B J, 36, Votkskas l,,rarexlng,Gesr;;;d", ffii CradockGouws D J, 36, Votkskas piet netietleesrrrli,], is6+, preloria9gr*: l.l J.^37 Vaatkop oisr oeraieyvrlr; B;;; 1;;;uouws H J S, 30, N G pastorie Dullstroom, preOrfanl I g70, pretonao?1nj., 40, p /A Franlem rnsenieuis rirm;W;k;, Besturende Direkreur, 1974,Gouws J J, 52, S A polisie

{lapstad Kotonet, I965, BoksburgGouws J S, 31, Devonlaan s alar,[an. i".i opr"oi.gsbeampte, 1970Gouws P A M,43. paur Krugerryraan 10 Krugersdoip, srt "rrn, 1967, BroemfontejnGouws R B J, 47, Tvlse pro-v eOm preroria -EJrr,"

ri,i, Beampte, 1965Gouws S J L, 31, Deor Oovoed Universiteiiirdtonl'ii, f_ef.to, I967, (Tans prof by RAU)!9yws s w, 36, Rooivraire H;.kei;;i;;;.;"#? lg. pou Erizaberh9r3P. I _30 N G Paslorie Fauresmirh, predikant, I966, GrobtersdatGrdbe J G C, 43. Atterburvweg4_07 UentopartZbli6ept van Beptanning pretoria,^

Ondersekretaris personeel, lSZZ nayfo,i-9,.?P" I H G, 46, Kerkstraal^Vryheid N;i;i, Skoothoot, 1967, DurbanGrdbe P J, 34, Lindfierdweg 6t 'LynnwooJ

rr,nr.", pr"ibri., professor/up, 1976:::l:.: J I, lI- Munisipaiten vivn"ii,tt.jii[l.i'iiios, weenenurdvErr L, rt, Hosottaatweg 25.Middelburg Tvl, Onderwyser, .l 96g, AmersfoortGravett w H, 33, sonopslriat vott<srusi/ii.i.[o"oi'Fioni.r, onderhoof, 1970, Nyrstroom

i8

A43

i.li

GreetfAJ,30,DalfodilstraatllArconPark/UniestaalVereeniging'Personeelhool'1970Meyerton

creeti E H D,36, Ouplaas Knysna, Sakeman' 1974' Magaliesburg --- ..

c;;;ii c p, Cg prn nrnooriit" Floersr<oot Randburs- Adj-Hoof' 191^0:I?tTb?doi""tt i iq, i tA. s n spooiviegpolisie Sterkstroom' Speursersant' 1965' lndwe

ci""ii H c 31 . S A S & H Paul[ietersburg, Klerk'^l 967' Ladvsmith

c;;;ii o i w, zs, eervttaan-suil t027 Lv'itelton' Geneesheer' 1977' Pretoria

Greelf R. 47,p I ABuro vir st"Jt.u.ir'gh.id',xaapstad, Snr Adm Beampte' 1974' Parow-Suid

Greeff S M, L P R OudtshoornGresseDA,3T,TdelaanltZfairtanOiGoudstadOnderwyskollege'snrLektor'1970'

KrugersdorPcr"r.6-"r s, ,iZ, P/A Gerrit Maritzlaan 43, Krugersdorp' Prokureur' 1975

Grewar D M, Posbus 32' Gumtree, 1963

Grewar D Mc K (Lid Nt 6?do;,'ii;;; a-i u- x -^Ficksburg - Lid van die U R se Landbou-

Komitee rn 1973 Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968

Greybe L, 37,pIAr_."r.Xo"oiblir" uys Mooneesourg/Pleinstraal 6, skoolhoot, 1977,

Beaufort-WesGreylingAC,35,Madelainestraat22Mangoldpark/Skoolkliniek,Hoo{,1974,PortElizabethGrevlino A J, 34, ple aaniJe-onJtt*vti U o V S' Snr Navorser' I975' Taung

d;;ii;;; B C 30 Grevlinssrust Makwassie' Boer' 1967

Greyting c p,45, ptn Lan"iiJu iJg;bi..s" Btoemfontein, Hoofvakk Beampte, 1969,

Stellenboschcr"ut,no D J. 29. S A Weermag Pretoria Kaptein' 1966' Brits

;;;iiln! E ioorut".nt' Skakel -met pers bv 1969 se Bondsraad

Grevlino F. 30, LouwstrauiA Ro'*uitt", Onderwyser' '1 974' Ladybrand

E;;i;ffi; iD s;, Fonteinstraat 5 Discoverv' onderwvser' 1975

Greyling F L.42.etr pers'.,-onln*.;;rrg Veikoopsbesiuurder, 1966. Krng Williamstown

G;;i,lirrS H L. Voorsitter van Kleurling Ontwikkelrngs Korporasie

;;;ii;;; .r n ro.r +2, ptn oept-earitoe-onderwya Pretoria, lnsp Godsdrensonderwys

I963, UmtataOr.vhgl A, 32, Posbus 238 Leslie' Geneesheer' 1967' Devon

Greyling J H, 32, HoersxJ-O' f G Jtnt"n Boksburq' Onderwyser' lg66 Heidelberg Tvl

d;;ii;; i J'++ t't"g"no".t|,,.irap' Fochville Asst sekretaris' 1972 Brakpan

Grevlinq J J, 36, Ashlaan-i'iloinl"r"yslandard General Versekerings Mpy, Asst Alg

BLstJurder, 1970, Bellville K P

orlviiC.l i,'sa, ele s ,q U k 'lonannesburg' Hoof Nuusdiens' 1968

Greyling M D, 32, Scnuman WJn't"ttu Nr 9 Jasmynlaan Bloemfontein Santam Bank'

Sekretaris, 1975. OudtshoornGdii;; P i +7, s a porisie Krugersdorp' Kaptern 1e65' smithfield

Greyling P J, 35, a,".x"i;;"i"'ilvere6niging onderwyser' 1966' Makwassie

G;;i,ii;; e j so nuigtevlei Px Mattaoas' Boer' 1977 Hoopstad

Greyvenstein F w, 41 P/; C;;;il;;Li"""in Goedemoed Hoorbewaarder' 1975'

DordrechtGreyvenstein G P,30, Voortrekkerstraat Piketberg/Vlok & V D Spuy' Prokureur' 1970'

SpringbokGrevvenstetn G P, 30, De Villierstraat 52 Barkly-Oos Werktuigkundige' 197'1^-

&:il;[i;;; i galui*;ir;;,;sia Mo*trinuiew pretoria, N G Predikant, 1e70, ,

KoedoeskoPOrieiei.l D (Lid Nr 7731 ), Schweizer-Reneke 1963

d;i;;i i J, bo, rrnnot Auretstraat Paarl' onderrvvser' 1970' Ermelo

G;i;;;i i; 33, N G Pastorie Leeudoringstad' Predikant' 1966' Brakpan

Griesset G A J, 42,X"rr.ti""isint".aniitte PK Hartebeespoort, Lgltor unisa' 1976, Brits

G;i;;;;in o, +z P/A Raad op Atoomkrag Pretoria' Elektrisidn' 1976

Griffiths J M, 44, Aotna [anOnbuhoewes frandgate, Sakeman, 1971, Krugersdorp

Grimbeeck C L, 39, C.rt.r.ioii 52 Vanderbijl[ark, Onderwyser'-1 967' Middelburg Tvl

6;ffi;i;;;e F, ar, pln vJxikas BPK Memel' Besluurder' 1e70' Pretoria

d;;b;i;;;c s, ss, P/A Volkskas Bpk Pretoria' Klerk' 1e74' Lindlev

c;;;b;i;;t F,36, P/A Poskantoor Kestell' Posmeester' 1974' Cradock

Ci"nn"fii, F R, 35 Tautestraat 6 Oudtshoorn' Geneesheer' 1974' Hanover

c;;;b;i;;t G J, 40, wes Einde Kimberlev' Prinsipaal' 1963

A44

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Grobbelaar H R, 38, Weltevrede Petrusburg, Boer, 1968Grobbelaar J A,37, Seunskoshuis Die Fort Groollontein, Onderwyser, 1973, KurumanGrobbelaar J C C, 32, Brenton PK Tosca, Boer,1972, VryburgGrobbelaar J G, 31, P/A B S B Carnarvon, Verteenwoordiger, j966, CradockGrobbelaar J J, 29, Woburnlaan Benoni, Geneesheer, 1964, FicksburgGrobbelaar J S W, 45, Noelstraat 8 Chrisviile/S A potisie, Sersant, 1970, MarquardGrobbelaar L P,41, Volkskas Vrede, Bestuurder, 1g65, pretoriaGrobbelaar M J, 41, Stadskouburg Johannesburg, Hoofbestuurder, 1 969, pretoriaGrobbelaar P de v (Umtali), Open 1965 se Bondsraad met Skriflesing & GebedGrobbelaar P J v d M,41, Perseel tK6 Magogong, Boer, 1968, SatisburyGrobbelaar P W, 30, Schilpadfontein Darting, Boer, 1974, petrusburgGrobbelaar WJ, Lid van die U R s e Nie-Blanke-sake Komitee in lg73Grobbelaar W P, 40, Nooitgedacht Navorsingstasie Ermelo, Verantwoordelike Beampte,

1 967, KroonstadGrobler C G, 33, Rotherystraat Nelspruil/V Zyl Wegner Maritz & Vennote, Ouditeur, 1977,

PretoriaGrobler C J, 42, Grelna Settlers, Boer, I975Grobler C J F,35, P/A Drs Retief Grobler & Vennote Sasolburg, Geneesheer, 1970,

NelspruitGrobler D G,29, P/A Kommissaris - Gen Umtata, lnligtingsbeampte, ,l964,

WindhoekGrobler G H, 32, Dinamietfabriek Somerset-Wes, Skeikundige, 1964, Oos-LondenGrobler G J, 38, Smithfield Ermelo, Boer, 1973Grobler H M,46, Bantoeskool vir Dowes Thaba'Nchu, Skoolhoof, ,1966, pretoriaGrobler H P,29, P/A S A Veiligheidspolisie Johannesburg, Lurtenant, 1969, Mayfair

JohannesburgGrobler J, 32, Steynsvlei Krugersdorp, Tandarts, 1 977Grobler J F, 29, Naboomstraat 42, Wilropark, Onderwyser, 1976, HoodepoortGrobler J H,37, P/A Ald Bodemkunde Landboukollege potchelstroom, Hoof, 1963,

Middelburg K PGrobler J H, 32, Smilhfield Ermelo, Boer, 1966Grobler J H, 31, Charles Hotmeyer Koshuis Standerton, Onderwyser, 1g68, MaricoGrobler J H, 40. Sitrusnavorsingsinst Nelspruit, Hoof, 1966, preloriaGrobler J H, Tungstenstraat 59, Proklamasieheuwel, Pretoria, 1973Grobler J H F, 51, S A S (Bedryl) Johannesburg, Hoofsuperintendent, l967, pretoriaGrobler J J, 33, P U vir C H O Potchefstroom, Prolessor (Wiskunde), 1977, CarletonvilleGrobler J J,39, Granadaweg 23 Evander, Onderhoof, 1970, BethalGrobler J M, 34, calilorniastraat 83 crosby Johannesburg/Trustbank, Adm Bestuurder,

I970, DurbanGrobler J P, 32, P/A N G Kerk Johannesburg, Pastorale Sielkundige, 1969, GrasmereGrobler M J, 33, Klipeiland Bronkhorstspruit, Onderwyser, l970Grobler M J,24, Kalkfontein Grecy, Boer, 1970Grobler M M, 35, Loopstraat 1 Brandfort, Vise-Hoof, 1977, WelkomGrobler N J,29, Kortstraat Swartruggens, Geneesheer, -l969, Kempton parkGrobler N J, 36, Geref Pastorie Nelspruit, Predikant, 1964, WalerbergGrobler N M J, 42, Blesbokspruit PK Piet Retief, plaasbestuurder, 1971, GoletaGrobler P,31, Rubenstraat 66 Mindalore Krugersdorp, Onderwyser, 1977Grobler P B,28, N G Pastorie Marbte Hall, Predikant, 1974, StellenboschGrobler P D F, 39, Melsheuwel Grootvlei, Boer, l975Grobler P H,31 , Rouxstraat Rouxville, Onderwyser, l971,lVaclearGrobler P H,37, P/A Lagrange Bohmer & Du Plessis/ge Straat 12 Menlopark pretoria,

Geboue lnspekteur, 1 976Grobler P J,33, Bothaslraat22 Warmbad, N G predikant, 1971, BritsGrobler P S, 32, P/A Yskor Pretoria, Klerk, 1968Grobler S J, 43, P/A F A Jonker & Vennote Lichtenburg, Ouditeur, 1974, pretoriaGrobler s P N, 33, P/A standard relephones & cables Boksburg, onderbestuurder Data-

Verwerking, 1 974, DurbanGrobler T J, 30, St lveswoonstelle l5 Hullstraat Florida/New Graphis Edms Bpk, Direkteur.

.l 970, Newlands

Grobler W S J, Voormalige L V en FAK-sekretarisGroenewald A J, 51, Aktekantoor Pretoria, Hoolakteondersoeker, 1 965 Bosbokrand

A45

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Groenewald B, Posbus 368 Adverteer vir Musiekonderwysers 1 963, Posbus 368Schweizer-Beneke

Groenewald B J,40, P/A S A Spoorwe6 Pretoria, Asst Prod lngenieur, 1968, Wolseley

Groenewald B J J,25, P/A S A Polisie Hobhouse, Adj-Offisier' I975, Bethlehem

Groenewald E P (Prof) (Lid Nr 2118), Dekaan Teologiese Fakulteit Universiteit van Pretoria

Groenewald F P, 38, Koelmanweg 76 Alphenpark Pretoria, Hoofnavorsings Beampte R G N,

1976, BloemlonteinGroenewald H 8,42, Nelsonweg 16 Pinetown Natal/Sanlam, Wyksbestuurder, 1970'

ButterworthGroenewald H J P, 43, Welverdiend PK Brandfort, Boer, 1966Groenewald J c, 32, Windsorlaan 19 Pietermaritzburg, N G Predikant, 1976, Stellenbosch

Groenewald J P, 34, Edgarstraat 23 Jansenpark Boksburg, Onderwyser, 1 976

Groenewald M D, 24, Bothashof Salisbury, Onderwyser, 1968Groenewald M J.25, PiA Landdroskantoor Paul Roux, Landdros,

.l968, Uitenhage

Groenewald P G. 36, Goedemoed Brandvlei Worcester, Boer, 1967

Groenewald P H,33, P/A S A Lugmag Pietersburg, Maloor, 1969, Pretoria

Groenewald P J, 35, N G Gemeente Sonlandpark, Predikant, 1977, Vereeniging

Groenewald P W (Dr), Lid van die U R se Wetenskap Komitee 1973

Groenewald W L 44, Kalueweg 14 Emmarentia Johannesburg, Narkotiseur, 1974,

Mondeor JohannesburgGroesbeek A J J, 41, Witkop Nigel, Boer, 1967

Gronum Wv H,32 P/A SA S & H Johannesburg, Chemikus' 1969' Potchelstroom

Grosskopf J G,43, S A Buro v Standaarde Pretoria, Hoofwetenskaplike, 1970, Kroonstad

Grotius F, 31 , P /A Transvaalse suikerkoop Komati, Arbeidsbeampte, 1 975, Vanderbijlpark

Grove E L (Dr), Lid van die U B se Ekonomiese Komitee in 1973Grove G R J, 37, Goedehoop Trichardt, Boer, 1965

Grove IJ, 45,PlA Onderwyskollege Preloria, Lektor, l968Grove P J,39, P/A S A Polisie Du Plooysburg, Sersant, 1973, DouglasGrov6 W, 92, P I A Veiligheidspolisie Middelburg, Kaptein, 1975, Victoria-Wes

Grove W M, 4l, Old Mislionweg 103 Wentworth Durban, N G Predikanl, 1970, Newcastle

Gunning T,3.1 , Japie Krige 57 Unitaspark Vereeniging' Siviele lngenieur, I971,

VanderbijlparkGunter C F, 39, Laerskool Silverton, Onderhoof, I970, VereenigingGunter S J, 30, Van Reenenstraat 1 2 Robertson, Apteker, 1 974

Guthrie C J,46, Bedford-Oord 7 Cowies Hill, Apteker, 1974, Estcourt

Guy W J, 35, P/A Lawsons-volvo Elsburg, Bemarkingsbestuurder, 1975, Klerksdolp

HHaak J F W, Voormalige MinisterHaak P A (Jnr), 40 P/A Haak's-Motorhawe Pretoria, Sakeman, 1968

Haarhoff L,43, nuOinstraat 7 Parys, N G Predikant, 1977, Marendellas

niisOroet C F S,36 S A Polisie Potchefstroom, Speursersant, 1964, Kuruman

t-taasOroet G D, 44, P/A Laerskool Parow-Noord, Onderhoof, 1969' Bellville

Haasbroek G D, 29, P/A Ho6rskool Koshuis Piet Retief, onderwyser, 1 976, Potchefstroom

HaasbroeklJ.45,NGKerkPietermaritzburg,Predikant,l96T,BergvilleHaasbroek J B, 35, lnhoek Leeudoringstad, Boer, 1968

Haasbroek J B, 30, N G Pastorie Elsburg, Predikant, 1966, Pretoria

Haasbroek J D K, 33, Genoa Vryburg, Boer, 1 977Haasbroek L C S,35, N G Pastorie Vredefort, Predikant, 1964, Viljoenskroon

HiO'g W G 31, N G Pastorie Tsumeb, Predikant, 1966, Vanderbijlpark

Haef6le W J, 33, Wildebeesfontein Oranieville, Onderwyser, 1965, Welkom

Hager J v S L, 40, Seodin Kuruman, Sakeman, 1 973

Ha[n W F,31, P/A Landdroskantoor Springlontein, Landdros, 1974' Barkly-Wes

Hall G L, 34, S A Yster Staal & Verwante Nywerhede Vereeniging, Organiseerder, 1967,

Springsnarfinry"A T , 32, Edgeworthlaan 1 Darrenwood/Vereeniging Cons Mills, Sekretaris, 1970,

JohannesburgHamersma H,3iS, Klooflaan 4 Waterklool Pretoria, Oor- Neus- & Keelaarts, 1964,

Rustenburg

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Hamersma pJ, p U vir.! f O potchefstroom, protessor, (Fisiologie), 1963Hamersma T K, 34, st Martj;No;;",-i.",i slly 1e69, welingron,i{llii3l Ii;.1*:f3"Tll,"* B;u;i;;ffi"iJ;" e3 Arauna Brackenrel, Hoor van

Hamman D S, 32, Milit6re Basis Grahamstad, Majoor, 1971, pretoriaHamman E M (profl, Universiteit ;r; p;;#;: ii;l,",Hamman J J L' 40' p/A s A-u i #;;;;Jffir;:fiubrrekbestuurder re6e, BroemronreinHamman J p, Lid van die U n,"LrnJoou_x",iit"" in 1973Hamman p F 40, pln oepr witer-"r"iri,rl)"n""t', Hootsteitundige, 1973. wirrslonHamman w B, 43. S A S.& H H"io"ro",g;ri ii,Ei* ,roo Lrchrenburo-H:H#: 40. Gen vri"g I F;anl"n""p,iillorrs, personeerbei tuurder, 1s77.

l-lam1na1n H J R, 32, p/A Hodrskoot Be,vi,e, Onderhoof, 1973Hancke H p. 29 patmietfontein g",,-nrL e;i, ri)l'Hancke J G, 46, p/A prov Adm e.ltrii", W"rk;i"nretnoot, 1969, WorcesrerHanekom A p, 37, pK Grobtershoop Srr,.rii",'jsizzHanekom c, 29, universrr"rt korr.g! ;;'ii" r.i,i.iJ", snr Lekror, 1963, BroemfonreinHanekom D A 32. rro ?:1y{i(,,";;;ilrk;[;psrad Afder,nsshoof re67, paarrtii;:.#,i, 34, Hoer Tegniese S*oor rim r.lauie pietersburg, Onderhoof 1e62,Hanekom F, 44, S A S & H Treine{dulnS Johannesburg, Klerk, 1 967, SlellenboschHanekom H A C. 41. Windetshoek pK Eff;k;i. iler, 1s67. prkerberoHanekom J H L, 41, Boland Ogies, C".""Jf..r, 1ig.73, Worcest", _

Hanekom J w J' 40 ' o naerw6sliaaJ"D;il, ii i;redikant, 1e77, sterenboschHanekom p J, 45, De Vi,rersstraat f Z Wtr"!-rt"r,bnderwyser, ,,974, CalviniaHanekom p [/, 32, s A weermag pr.roii. rio.ra"noant, r szo, oudtshoornHanekom T N (prof) SteltenbosJh

Hansen R. 33. S O ,o,,.,: g?Tqrser_Oos. Adl_Offisrer, t965. Mrddetburg KaapHarley C 8,38. p/A Hoerskool .Vereen,g,ng"Vii"_Hoo, lg7S, BalfourHarrey s, 40, orientstraat Arcadia er"toi,","inri"r.n ond"r*y., 1g75, potchefstroomHarmse C J B 2e s e porisre potgi.i"i;;, Ali]6l]isier rsoaHarmse c D' 34 Laerskoor Danr,"re"piirr"]" tlo""lnoor 1964. vanderbijrpark,Tff;,,j H, 28, p/A oenr oe la neH;;iAoiolilort, waarnemende Vise-Hoof, j e74,

Harmse J W J,47, p/A S A polisie Kuruman, Luit_Kolonel, lg75, DurbanHarns B C,33, p/A Hoerskoot r,rtonrruri, x)ui#rsifrp, onoernoof, 1923, BalfourHarris M p, 30, p/A Gerer xerr scn-w;;; R",,1,"i;:tredikant, 19t4, portEtizabethHart T M 33, pretoriase Tegn Kollege pretoria, Dosent, j 96gHartman J A, 27, Atmera Viiiiers, eo"ui, I gdg"" """.Hartman J B, 34, Universiteit uun pi"toriJ"inr Lektor, 1974Hartman J p,32, p/A Hoerskoot r.rr[.0".p] o.o?,ir..r, ,rrr, KaapsradHartman M H. 26 pK Suntand, Boer t 9Ot-Hartman S 1,32, Levubu, eoui fg6S Kr;qersdoro-iiT.*Y* rnspekteur v onoerwvi - JJoin""'#uoe, HanderskoorBrakpan - (skaker

van Vereniginq vrr Teoniese & Beroepsonderwys rn oos-Londen van 3 tor 6 .kr r966)ltii[?ri,

Prrnsipare -xonre,en.ie Ja'ffi ffili,;:ionare opvoedins

Hartzenberg c H (Lid Nr 6221), Lid van die staatdienskommissie Voorgester vir die U R inHartzenberg F, 28, Kleinuilschol Sannieshof, Boer, 1964Harlzer P D,36, p/A Addington ffospiriaf OuIO"a"n, fi.i*ur, lg65, pretoriaHarvey F N, 35. p/A Noordileg x"-"5 v,go""iic?""^olor. Bestuurder, t9z1Harvie G. 29. Laerskoot crobtjrshoop d;;;*ysll,;977, UpingtonHasster D A (Lid Nr 7736), Surhertani igtii ",""' '

Hattingh A, 30, Berestordweg Oos-LonAen bnOerwyser. I 964. OueenstownHattingh B' 43, Van der Sterian i5 B;ili s",,."?lJr"rr*aerlversak, 1977, pretor,_l_rrllins! c, 30, Bakovenronrein aeaurorri.,'.:, EJL,, r'goal-l"llinSl., C A. 30 Vindragersf ontein r,,l"r*"r:rruliJ",' r gOzHattrngh C J, N G pastoie

fr,f Or"l,g eeihi"i.r.',:r"Zinr.,

57

170

A.47

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HattinghCP,3T,P/AMunisipaliteirKrugersdorpBestuurderDrankafdeling'1963'Alberton

Hattingh C P, Tvlse Helpmekaar Studiefonds 1969 (O/B 14/B/69)Hiiii.gt o sz pln Hoerskoot Hope{ietd, onderwyser 1972. steilenbosch

r_t"iii.gn D'J, t"id.to"rg Tvt _ by Bondsraad van 1965 praat hy oor "Sieklike'

EenheidsgedagteHittingn C [, SalGerej Pastorie Pietersburg, Predikant 1969' Pretoria

H;iii;d; o C, ss, PiA N G Gemeente Edenvale, Predikant 1976' Jan Kempdorp

H.rtin!n G E, 48, Rietfontein Dist Cullinan, Boer, 1967 Lyttellon

Hattingn H S, Reisende Amptenaar van A B 1910

Hiiii.gn 1.39 SAS& H Kaapstad, Personeelklerk' 1966 Hiversdale

Hatlingh l, 31, Cyfergat PK Villiers, Boer, 1967 ^n^-+^t.^^tH.iiingn J H polbu; 14111 Lyttelton Verwoerdb.urg - (Direkteur van,Maatskappy vtr

Er,;p"t. immigrasie vanaf 1968) (Praat oor Kultuur Bondsraad 1965)

r-rutt,.gi Ji p 32:O v S ruunisipare'Pensioenlonds Kroonstad, Sekrelaris, 1966 Edenville

H;iii;gh L.l. Zz N G Kerk Nahoon Oos-Londen' Predikant l968' Stellenbosch

;i;iiifi; i i f ss p/A stone & Seuns vasco, Kosreberekenaar, 1969, Beaufort-wes

ffriii.sn J L 3+ LiuounnoiSeunsfosnuis Bethal' Onderwyser' 1974' Wolmaranstad

Hriii.gn J pi. ez P/A Hodrskool Klerksdorp, onderwyser' 1 973' Rustenburg

Hattin[n J P, 31, Vaalbank Frankfort, Boer, l977

nuiiingn J W 37 P/A Hodr Handelskool, Onderhoot l96T Zeerust

r-f"iil.gn M C 33 Albertonse Hoerskool Alberlon Onderhoof' 1968

HattinghMJ'47.nttenweg-a3SelectionparkSprings,WaarnemendeSkoolhoof.l963.Bedfordview

H;G; rv .l Sz, Koshuis Hodrskool Grens oos-Londen' Onderwvser' 1973

HattrnIn P 40. Uitvlug PK Dullstroom Boer' 1969

H;iii;6; p A-3i rnnJs cnamoeri Johannesburg/Lynronlaan 5 Darrenwood, Advokaat

1970, FloridaHattrngh P W, 37, Koeelfontein lvlerweville, Boer' 1966

Haupt l, 47,pIAoepr pos*ese iu.p.t.o Telekommunikasie-lngenieur, 1974, Kimberley

Harrntf teisch C J V, 37, pZn XomaniHospitaal Queenstown, Sekretarrs, 1965, Bloemlontein

;;;iliil;; ci s6 P/A R A U Johannesburs' Professor' 1e6e' Pretoria

Havemann J C T,35, Unrversrteit van Port Eliz;beth' Jnr Lektor' 1974' Pretoria

Hru..rnn W W B (Lid Nr 4405) AdministrateurNatalH;;;;g; G S, 38. P/A Volkskas Bpk Brandfort'^BeslLrurder 1969' Pretoria

Havenga J F, 41, C"uang;nit*"J Kroonstad' Opperbewaarder' 1964' Griekwastad

HavengaJJ,44,SnsaH.roninnesburg,AsstBemarkingsbestuurder'l9.70"KimberleyHavenga J J D, 27 , Oonari vriiryrain s5 aroemrontein, ouditeur, 1 977, Middelburg K P

U.u.n!, J L D, Posbus 8701 Johannesburg, Helpmekaarstudie-

fonds 1 962Havinga n. ao ple Daton's Kempton park, Adminrstratiewe Bestuurder, 1975, Vereentgtng

Hauinlu C, 42, Elandsfontein Brits, Onderwyser' 1964' Swartruggens

Huuinga H, 38 VotXsXas Riviersonderend Bestuurder' 1 969' Kaapstad

Haxton J, 47, Vilioenstraat a vitloensr<roon/Hoerskool salomon senekal, Adi-Hoof, 1971

Pietermaritzburgn.v q sils"bisiiannot Noordeinde Port Elizabeth' onderwyser' 1 973 . .

H;i E 39 N G Kerk Jeugbearbeiding Kaapland ,Predikant' 1974' King Williamstown '

H;i, I. 55, outpniniurrytirn C+ weti'e''ng Port Elrzabeth' onderwvser' 1977

HaywardSAS(LidfrfrsziOl,iVvrrCraattlReinet-LidvandieUR-Adjunk-MinistervanLandbou

Hechter L G,48, Renosterhoek Hartbeesfontein' Boer' 1973' Klerksdorp

H;;hi;, L P J, 50 S A Lugmag Pretorra' Kommandant' 1964

Heckroodt w H L, 44, e#iero"*"g 78 pinetowni tndiersake, Vakinspekteur, 1975, King

WilliamstownHeese C A D, 37, P/A Dept van B A en ontwikkeling, SUpt Rehabilitasie, 1975, Edenvale

Heese D C, Posbus 222, KaaPslad, 1962

H.., I C, CS pUn Drs t-iefer b Tye's Kaapslad' Tandarts' 1970' Pretoria

Hefer w J,40, Hodrskoot Ben Vilioen Groblersdal, skoolhoof, 1967, Potgietersrus

fl.igutt I L, 33 N G Pastorie Kroonstad-Suid, Predlkant' 1 970' Vrede

H;i;;t; Jl ss, Dinglerstraat 20 Rynlield Benoni' onderwyser' '1 975' Brakpan

A48lt

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1 963

-3€riey

?^ 1 3

Herne W J 26 Heuweltop Eshowe. Boer. 196gHerberg A H 29 p/A Arbertonse ioe..toor"b"noerwyser. r964, vaarwaterHelberg A N 30 p/A Geref {rrr"r1" Z"""r.,Ill"'o,nur, jg65 ElisrasHelberg p J 36 p/A p U vir C rf O-poiJ"i.r,.oo", a"n,o,. 1967 preroriaHendrjcks N J 33. Rrei\ertsvraag ef., C,ecf A#. tSZOHendrkscH 36 0aviosonstiairvrri;;;Jr,"p;;NTK.Takbestuurder 1976 EdenburgHendrikse J A 34 pi A.Hoerst<ool nr"ii", o.o**yser 1g77, Loerresfontein

liiqili:: i J jl, N:i{xsi:ilTi;;iEs::l1s;iesnikus poskantoor , ez6 ph ,ippo, sHendriksz p J R 50, Bethesda H,lliqrrrO" fi.","i*iU,Henning C R. 30 yskor pretorra Nr""r*iigbs "potchefstroomHenning D S 39

^orrT99rloo, A,ikpr" Orierhoor tg65 HunilvHenning J J. 3s. p U vir C H o pot"n.riilir.i Ei, r.t,or. 1967 KroonstadHenning J W R 30 p/A, erorl no, Sto";;teii'erOingen,eur, i969. BethlehemHenning O A,31 p/A Hoerskool n*_r,rl"lSi.""thoor, 1970. ZasrronHenning P D (Dr). Senior Amptenr.r wri"iJrk" rezsHennop o J, 34 Gouda H.,rurrlun so"i

'ibis'x[i,,.0",pHensrock J G J 3z uoersroor xnys;, 6;;";;;;;r, 1e63, JouberrinaHepburn w A A Lid van dre urrvoeie"o" nr"JJ""Landbou-Komitee rn 1g73ffii:l 3i.?,::ofii'r"j;:'i''' "'" n a i" r eil"a"5e'rretaris va;i;G;*; in igro a , g,Herbst D A S 2g Dje Transvarer Johannesburg, Asst Nuusredakteur, 1 g67, potchefstroom::]!:lH J 46 Verkvk vorrsrust eoii ;#;,v;i"JFierbsl J G 30, Berolaan S57 preloria No*O O"j"r*yser, j975Herbst W M 33 Ra6esr,aar eotg ere,srri ,f]niu"rirwO.r Stattery) 1974 pretotroHerholdt A N J, 34, Universiteit

" O f.f""il,] S"ffia Oosent j973, KaaostadHerman L T r,37, p/A N G pasror" ir.#ojp.r*eslemtontern, predikant 1974.paarrHerman M 33 Tweerrvier px ee;siekrrri'[5Jl ",'sz

Herman S 30 pres Brand Votkskooie,""r[r,;;" Lnoernoot 19ZZ FicksburoHermann tV N 38. p/A Nas Suwe ^""i*",,0r"" nrdetingOesruurder 1975 d,etonaHesl'nga p F 33 Jamorna p< rzanee""l"Biii,"r\,io'pretorra

Hetzel F W lV, 49. Veroenoeg Christnna Bo-e, igiO. HertzogvilteHeunrs A J 43. Kodo 6irl'rsp,sq;,r,, Ru;re;;;;g 6elrruroe|. 1965 Atexandrra*?,,3i',i"i; ,_r,r;t i?,..;,

a li"i,, Gi;;s";irZI. * n.,u, uan rro-nJ,ies-e s,ierHeunis o B' 43, Tarnraan 27 Gordwarer/Laerskoor Excersior p E, Vise-Hoof, 1971. ceresHeydenrych H J, sB, unielaan irsGil";;;r;l";ni."n,o. 1e74, vaalharrsHeytA M 35, Gotfraan a nanopir.r ria;;;;; i;;r,rs, 1e76, pretoriaHeyl P J tLrd Nr 703r Skoothoof - e,."io "_ vlolgurt"r vrr dre UR rn 1968Heymann B A 38 Lanouedoc eer,us sreyn g#"'igoz oos.Londenlleyns C F 35 N G Keik Harmo.," iv"gil';,"EI"oixunr 1974. Krawer" ".,'Jrt",:r5",'":.

rhea I sin ger a Btoenton tlr n ii oe.riio, senrra ar Adi - H oof r 97 o.

Heyns H S, 45, Oakdene Fort Beaufort, Boer, 1962, LanglaagteHeyns J A, Steltenbosch _^ ?,3rt oo, inCu|i.""Sate oy t 969 BondsraadHeyns J D 36, Bruowat", px^rnioazi,i;; il;:,;il Midderburs, TvrHeyns J M Aftonw6tdweg 3 Ashton nruno,"X"u"rpiJX'prr.,.

Heyns J M,3t p/A pro ilege pers Bpk po,"n"iii[o, Sekrerarrs, 1965 BethtehemI]:rir 1,1 34 Groorpan px Faurn"-le"","jebi'""

Heyns M 39. Groenpan Senexal Boer, t9-6S'"''Heyns t\,4 G 27. Briil-Hui. guy_Igit.g" OiJur.*yr"r. 1968. Marquardn"il;y":,":: Dept Landbou regn Drensre rl.aieiours voortistinssbeampre 1964,Heyns M R,30, De Villiersstraat 1.1.Bellvr,e N G predikant, .,970,

BothavilleHeysreck A s 28, p/A Geref.Ker* watvisoaar. dereiireoitanr 1g73. potchefstroomt"ri;J::ft Xr'.2

svbra nd v r"r eterr<sira a'i;;;il ; prosra mmeerder / sA u K 1 e72.Heystek A M, 4t pzA Fabr'primrose rcated Steel Manufacturing Co Germiston, Tekenaar. 1967,Heystek A S L,35, Uniestaal Korp Vereeniging, lnst Werktuigkundige, 1964, Germiston

( ^l

A49

L;1i

Heystek G M, 40, Toekoms Harrismith, Boer, 1972, Lichtenburg

ii;i,;i;k n +i p)n Sasol Sasolburg, Bestuursrekenmeesler' 1968' Pretoria

H;i,;i;k J F -36 p/A a a i cieters6urg, Asst Bestuurder sisal Fabriek, 1977' Pretoria

H;i;i;k v C sz, Lawsonlaan 117 Waverley/Hodrskool Pres C R Swart Pretoria'

Onderwyser, 1970, Waterbers -n"v.r"k ( p, Sa P/A Geref Keit< Bettvitle-Oos, Predikant 1974' Worcesler

HickmanJAP,33,BosmanstraatPaarl/BolandBankBpk,FinBestuurder,l9T2,Philipstown

Hiemsira R C, (Lid Nr 4152), Lid van die u R 1964/1965, Adi-Kommisaris-Genl, Pretorra

HigdG,38, N'G Pastorie worcester, Predikant, 1966, Kroonstad

riiii6Orand J J, 43, Fairview Brandfort, Boer, 1974

Hillebrand S J, 31 , "Vrede" Bultfontein, Boer, 1965

Hi;;i;t W n +a pln Klerksdorpse Hodrskool, Adj-Hoot' .1973' Potsietersrus

Hoek Beyers. Sekretaris van SPort

Hoffman A M, 46, Scneepersstiaat 21 Bethal, Prokureur' .1 967' Stellenbosch

H.itri. D W, 29, Welgeiee Warmbad. Boer, 1972' lnyazura Rhodesid

Hott*un S S B 47 Laerskool Vaalwater, Hoof, .l 964' Krugersdorp

Hoffmann J E,37, P/A Hoerskool Reivilo, Vise-Hoof' 1975' Dendron

Hottn"y"t B J, 31, Janette Vryburg, Boer, 1977 Klerksdorp

Hofmeyer H S, 32, Navorsing'si;;iVee-en Suiwelt<unde Pietorra, Snr Vakkundige, 1969

H;il;i; J H (Lid Nr 60681 inirurg - oos Londen-voorgestel vir die U H in 1968

ff"tr]"Vt J H,'30, Triloniastraat Riversdal, Prokureur' 1975

H;il;i; I u, iz, Hoerst<ootEenl Hertzog witbank' onderwyser' Germiston' 1967

Hofmeyr S; "Verhoudinge met Engelse" 1973

Hotten6acn H H, 34, "Poortjie" P( Vittiers' Onderwyser' .l 970' Randburq

.

Holtenbach J H,37, Van ziiit,aar schweizer-Reneke, Tandarts, 1967, Port Natal

H"f.O"ig D J R, 30 Greystraat Dordrecht, Geneesheer' 1965' Virginia

Holtshauzen L J, 36, ueroldsoaai Ceo,ge/S A Weermag, Majoor, 1976 Bloemfontein

Homan C J, 47, Kenmare Krugersdorp, Onderwyser' 1968' Rustenburg

Honiball J R, 4.1, Dorisstraat 1 iomesiead/S A S & H (Germiston), Persoonlike sekr Hoof -

besluurder, 1 972, Handfonteint-toog"nOo"."rn J, 37, Vlieland PK Vivo, Boer, 1974' Pietermaritzburg

ff""6".n".i". J, a5, lamOoet<iesfontein Heidelberg' Boer 1976' Johannesburg

H""g..dyf CF,zl,Weslaan 31 2 Ferndale, Rekenmeester' 1974' Linden

HoogendYk P K

H""g".hi,tt D M, Lid van die U R se Ekonomiese Komitee 1973

r-rooi I C 40, Volkskas Uniondale' Besluurder' 1969' Bethlehem

Hoon J H, 30, P/A U p {antoor Kimberley, Organiseerder' 1967' Mosselbaai

Horak R B. 42. trving st"v]-,st'u"t is casderoaie Springs. verr/Tola] 1927 Sleynsburg

Horn G F,41. N G iastoiie Greenhills Rand{ontein. Predrkant, 1969. Marrco

Horn G P J,39, Northstra.t d+-wynn"'g Johannesburg' Vervoerkontrakteur' 1975

Horn V P B (Lid Nr 7770), Florida .1963

Horn W J G,34, pln rualionate Bouvereniging Port Elizabeth' Onderbestuurder' 1968

n""gn n ri L, sg t-anoaroit<anroor Grobleishoop' Landdros' 1976' Trompsburg

ffi6h A..r, 5b-perseet 27 D 7 Bull-Hill Warrenton' Boer' 1977

Hough A R, 40, P/A rotuf Hl1pV Jonunn"tO"g Bemarkingsbestuurder' 1 965' Kaapstad

H;;sh C c,3l, Perseel izrb'srlt-Hitt warrenton, Boer' 1973' Hartsvallei

ffouin O J,26, Hough & Lut"g,n Pietersburg' Prokureur' 1964' Johannesburg

Ffi;; ln, ai, pln N G Kerkhandburg, Predikanl, 1967' Danielskuil

ffi;; M i, at, Hoot Tegn SkoolPjetersbulg, !1derwv991 1964' Christiana

H;;;h O S gt pln Lae-rskool Barberton, Skoolhoof' 1973' Sevmour

Hor6n w J, 47, Droogefontein Teviot Kaap, Boer' 1 965

How"arO A J,42, P/A Hodrskool Senekal, Onderwyser' 1967

HowardJJN,5-loept-ainnelandsesakePretoria,Adj-Sekretaris,.-1965Rouxvi|leHudson J W, 39, plp, Xapteineieunsskool Nongoma, Skoolhoof, l969, Middelburg Tvl

H;s; c c, e+ pln volkskas Bloemfontein, Rekenmeester, 1973, Piketberg

H;S; a A K,37, Universiteit Pretoria, Snr Lektor' 1974' George

H;g; F 39 p/A aruineite xruger stoffberg^& Hugo Pretoria, lngenieur. 1975, Brakpan

Hrg" f O,34, Keurboschweg be Doorns Geneesheer 1966' Graaff-Heinet

Hugo G, 39, Jutius "r"pp"rtiJriroz waterkloof pretoria. Prokureur, 1971, Stellenbosch

A50

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- Fretoria

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Hugo G J,32'p/A N G Moedergemeente Vanderbijrpark, predikant, .lg76, BroemfonteinHugo G J, 35, piA Votkskas rv._:ii.i,-el.ririi",,",goo pietermeritzburg

Hugo G R 43, Aan De Doorns. So"r', f96a'--'-"'Hugo J G, 30, Bronkhorststraat pnatatoi,,ia /Foskor, Waarn Stelselonileder, I 97 1 , BenoniHugo J H, 4t, Goldberolaan 43 Bethlehe^ OnJ"r*yr",, tgt7, ptetoriaIrso I j, +s oskoppie eerrusourt,-B;;; ;;;; 'Hugo J M,30, Kerkstraat Frank,ort, 6ene"rneur, ,1g67,

Koppieslrso I ! 4T.ratetkop oauer aoei196; ;;;i 'HUgo J p J, 41, Votkskas Bpk Zeerust, Bestuurder, 1964, Lindley*i%?!

?..3:.:and & Landbouba"k;;; t;;r"eioria, Asst_Hoof (Kor.ermynvoorskotte),

l-]ugo M, 37, Bonnievale Victoria-Wes, Boer, l970nt;nl,};,.., p/A Raad op aroomr<ias, [;;;E;;; Beampre Lewenswetens kap, 1e74,

l-lrSo I F, 42, Kleinstraat Touwsrivrer, Boer, i 970-rdii !ij;33,

Carvathostr ao veyertonTVale-prooucrs, wyksbestuurder, 1970,Hugo P J p, 35, p/A N G, pastorie Swellendam, predikant, 1967, porf EtizabethHugo R C, 40, Rhenosrerhoer crooi Maril"le;"ijgzzHuisamen A H J, 28, p/A Dept Justjsi" xerpton eark, staatsaanklaer, 1964, werkomHuisamen s w L, 45, p/A s A p;r[;; i";;;;;:;r,;, Lu*enanr, 1e65, carviniaHurme s A (Lid Nr 5382) Landbou r"gri"." D;;L pietermaritzburg voorgester vir die. U R in 1968, protessor & Hoof Stree"tsOea.nio

""Human B, 41 , plA Human Morors Bb;;ffi;;, Sakeman, 1965, LongtandsHuman C D C, Lid van die U R se Landbor-i;ir;; in 1973Human C J F, Lid van die U R ," Ef.onort...-fiorirree rn f gZSHuman G J J, 39, Rozenstraat Utrecht Sf""]n""i j"ez5, RustenburoHuman H J, 2e. p /A sAuK Johanne;br;; o,;;i, iv;,;;;#;.er e73, preroriaHuman H J.30 P/A Unron,carriage a wago""co Niger. Hoorkrerk 196g, pretorraHuman H J, 31, p/A Hoeirskoot earys, OnoLiwr-.Ir.'r gOeHuman J, 28, Btesboksrraat ra eetiiir, F,"ir*irili gzs, pretoriaHuman J H 41 , S A Lugdiens Johannesburj, Sni ii.rr., i 965, cermtsronHuman J J, 39, N G pastorie.WinOnoet_Ooi pr"OiX".t 1962, Lyrtettonl_rrt?n I J 43. Skootptaas Warrenron. B;; j'ffi''"Iulan { J 34 .Klipgar.Victoria_Wes,

eoei, r97a,FJuman J N, 39, ..Vrede', pK Lindeshof, Aoer, f gO+ Catedon

ftil:l jH,Bl;?10Jlilll3fl:i["ii[i,;u;i;;;e:o,ia Assr sekreraris, ,e74, co,isnyHuman M p, 32, Soutpanslaan 7g Ouef feiina, ,q-a,iOetemafelaar, 1974, Floridatf,f,:f;jf;irlA Die Vaderra.o * iiri"lririo"Elnro,.", aesruuroer, r-eig,Human P J, 52, p/S pearsons_Hunt Olifantshoek, Boer, .l g70, Beaufort-WesHuman p J, 28, N G pasrone lrtispa ereJitani"i sis]'v"*"erdevteiiJuman p J, Warrenron _ praar .i", S", g",;b"iJi}/ ,go, se BondsraadHuman S v S 8,36, N G Gemeente OasL"op i,r"lir";, 1976, BonaeroparkHuman w A, 30, welrevrede pK s";;;";;;"*,io};: re65. VryheidHurter D, 32, p lA Tsumeb Corporation'Tsrr"i,I.g"ni"rr, 1967, BethatHurrer D.A, 30, Goedsedacnr ir svreioui, ;;;; ,ilb prelorian',..lr# A (Lid Nr 3298), BesturendeDir"rt"ri vor[*r. preroria - voorgestervir die u R in

HurterJ H' 31 ' Hoerskoor otto du pressis porl Erizabeth, onderwyser, lg77,ErmeroHurter J J, 32, p / A yan Zvt L. iil ; H;#;ffffi prokureur, 1 974, KterksdorpHurter M J.48, p/A BVS iretoria, Ouditeur, 1975-'"

'Huysamen A p B, 38, p/A Baarolmotlrn"a*e'ioierierd, Rekenmeester, 1965, worcesrerHuysamen F F,40, Du Toirstraat 70 D" n"r, Sf,[iirrisekrelaris, 1970, Vrvburo-:HT:3Jrffi, Dampraas t-ouis rriciraiot ;;;tr;; K;il;,i&;; i 6i!li.*r,..Huysamen p J, 46, S A S & H.Behuisrngsraad, Florida, Sekretaris, 1964, KakamasHuyser J, Ledrgimnasium rf eioeloeig ivi, fiorrr"no"rl,, r goa

A51

B*

Huyser P B, 31, S A Lugmag Pretoria, Maioor, 1969, PotchefstroomHuyzer J F,30, S A Weermag Pretoria, Maloor, 1966. Potchefstroom

I

lmmelman c o,34, Gelnwoodweg Lynnwood Glen/Menlopark Hoer, Vise-Hoof, 1976,

Pretorialmmelman G J, 38, Larkspurlaan Virgina, Prokureur, 1968, Hennenman

lpland J, 36, Moedverloren PK Leslie, Boer, 1964, Paarl

J

Jackson J T, 38, Assegaaiboschfontein Riversdal. Boer, 1975

Jacobs A A. 35, Hodr Volkskool Potchefstroom, Onderwyser, 1 969

Jacobs A S.40 Dept van Beplanning Pretoria, Adj-Ekonomiese Adv, 1968, Graskop

Jacobs A S, 41, S A S polisie/Jenningsweg 6 Amalinda, oos-Londen, Kaptein, 1970,

VentersdorpJacobs B. 36, Hamawasha Tzaneen, Boer, 1965

Jacobs c D, 31. Saambou Rissikstraat Johannesburg, Bestuurder, 1967, Bloemfontein

Jacobs C R, 31, N G Gemeente Springs-Oos, Predikant, l973, Karoi

Jacobs D H, 38, Landsboroughstraat 21 Robertsham, voorman, 1 975, Johannesburg

Jacobs D J,37, Universiteit van Fort Hare Alice, Asst Reg Finans, 1977, Witrivjer

Jacobs D J J, 34 Chipsteadlaan 69 Marlborough Park Durban. onderwyser, 1 968,

BloemhofJacobsDJL,35,LaerskoolGlaudinaSchweizer-Reneke,Hoof,1963BenoniJacobsDJN,42.Berylstraat42,Carletonville,Posmeester,l9T3PretoriaJacobs D J S, 33, Elandsdrift Marble Hall, Boer. 1973, Rustenburg

Jacobs D M, 38, N G Pastorie Augrabies, Predikant, 1969, Bellville

Jacobs D P, 41, Boerensl(aal 242 Vryheid, Onderwyser, 1 973

Jacobs D S,31 Caledonweg 82 Nigel, Onderwyser, 1970, Heidelberg Tvl

Jacobs D S. 39, Volkskas Greytown, Bestuurder, 1 973, Kaapstad

Jacobs E S,30, Vogelstruisfontein Kroonstad, Onderwyser, 1967, Springfontein

Jacobs E S, 39, Heivilo Suiwel Koop Reivilo, Sekretaris, 1973

Jacobs F J, 25, Koshuis Jagersfontein, Onderwyser, 1968, Bloemfontein

Jacobs H W J, 46, Departeirent Binnelandse lnkomste Pretoria, Eerste Adminrstratiewe

Beampte, 1967Jacobs I J C, 48, Middeldeel Edenburg, Boer, 1 967

Jacobs J C, 37, Yskor Pretoria, Hoof Prysevaluering, .1 976

Jacobs J H, 35, Universiteit van Port Elizabeth, Adiunk-Registrateur, 1974 Pretoria

Jacobs J H. 39, Koedoesnek Postmasburg, Boer, 1 969

JacobsJHH,33,NHPastorieBloemhol,Predikant,lgT5,Groot{onteinSWAJacobs J J, 41, Ho6r Tegniese Skool witbank, onderwyser, 1 970, Bronkhorstspruit

JacobsJJdeV,24,LaerskoolGrabouw,Onderwyser,l965,Riebeeck-WesJacobs J L, 42, Kaalspruit Stella, Boei', 1976, Amalia

Jacobs J P,41, Hoewe 21 1 Rodenbeck Bloemfontein, Skoolhoof, 1970, N/,larquard

Jacobs L M,31, F A K Johannesburg, Rekenmeester, 1973, Roodepoort

Jacobs M J, 43, Hutchinsonstraat 9 Bloemhof, Sakeman, 1968, Germiston

JacobsPP.35,UniversiteitPortElizabeth,SeniorLektor,l9T3,Pretoria,Jacobs P T,37, N H Pastorie Welkom, Predikant, 1965. Pretorta

JacobsSG39,NGPastorieMonteVistaKaap,Predikant,l9T4,PiketbergJacobs W D, 36, Westelike Koop Kroonstad, Rekenmeester' 1968, Vanderbijlpark

JacobsWJS'34,GoUdstadonderwyskollegeJohannesburg,Dosent,l9T3'FloridaJacobsen E S, 33, Preloria Tegniese Kollege, Lektor, 1972 Witbank

Jacobsz F P (Lid Nr 7055), Uni-estaal Korpoiasie Vereeniging, Hoofbestuurder (Voorgestel

vir die U B in 1968)Jacobsz J F, 34, Nasionale Party Phalaborwa, Organrseerder, l966' Rustenburg

Jacobsz L A,30, Cardilfweg 60 Clubview-Oos Veiwoerdburg, Onderwyser, 1971, Leslie

James G L, 30, Landdroskantoor odendaalsrus, Assistent Landdros, 1968, Stanger

Jamneck J J, 38, Federated Employers Johannesburg, Eisebestuurder' 1 970

Jamneck L, 49, Pasteurboulevaid Nr 5 Vanderbijlpark, Pleisteraar, 1963, Dewetsdorp

Janeke C M, 39, Nelliestraat 109 Krugersdorp, Onderwyser, 1966, Vereeniging

A.52

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Goudmynl rgzi n]ioru. rnarra Magasynmeester (KrootJansen J p 44, Unrversiteit Steltenbosch, professor, 196g, eueenstownJansen w B 37 ff66v1 eongora Boli a 6ro"-tr.o,rrnr, 1965. paul pierersburg,"fr|":#ri": 33 Libeirastaa.-5 [r""i"r7u".,""""[,,",, sre,enbosch, senioi rlr.or r gzo

]"i{:".a,,!,i:r:"iti.[','#i",]il.Ll"X'on"*'n Johannesburs Adm n Besruurder

Jonnsron C J. 31 Wetoelegen frr;i;;. Boer 1974Jonck D 3e Vorxskas"p,^"t91,r, aryo;"ii,J,il,g# Georsei:i:X hnJ,.r, &:,6;:g:

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Jonker D B. 34 Huis Loots Uniondale, OnderwvserJonker G c so s A-por,rl;i;;;";:':^Y:'^Y:J.", 1e77 strydenbursJonker G c lLrd Nr 9051:

t^y'l':f.l Johannesburg. u^ersanr. 1965. KosterJonker G J j

-si ; ;;rl:,clrt.hillaan lB primroie c.rrn,rron "dioor"r,-r"1'x

19.1., Je i i,i ,1."0)iil,.,?g:,ffi ?"ffiij,,iotl,t is;s e;J,d;Jonker L rti sa w"ttuu*de Bonnievare. Boer, 19zaG

Predikant lgzt $1s1|sn66566Jonker F, 44, Marine prr

Lamoertsoaa'-""s r roducts Laarplek (vredenburg). Fabrreksbesl/rngenreur. 1962,

Joosre A, 39, Canon Bolg^ulrygg Esrcourt, prokureur, 1976, ChristianaJooste B B, 47, Bairdstradr O g dtr"nnrge, C""""".1i:::l::1 t;1011 zz1er, Harrbeesrontein, Boer, ,rL?' 'e65'

coresbers

j:::F i r ;d EffiT,"il}.'^T3?u%i';,ul,H;sraar ,e66 Durban

1:9:1" 9 J jd,t, D,,"xt"rr van SABRA, r s# -""Jooste E 32, Die Stranci noersioorSiian"j,Ono.r'*r.ur.

Ig76, Agter_paarlJooste F E. 39, De Beer:l1a,al.7B2 w"ro",o",",ilS,Jlo ono",*yser, 1968j;::l:5 i i? X:T g:rtei, Kar bib -si;;;il;

il;5 windhoeki;;;i; i i, iJ, 5#'J,istorte

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lii*J,:;1ij:,[f i#:iilI';''s;,t"Tffi :','sJ;i:?l"l;,;bl$;:",Joosre J A. 38, Acqur,at":i,l?,I.,."lltoofrif Nr 2 prerorra Senror Rekenmeester Ko-,^:1."1.:i^"

p.ers_van S A Sitverron, r 9ZZ BurglrJparxJooste J A. 41, possak 94l Uprngton Boer/Sakeman, l96gj:::i: j 3 ,ll. [11#,t A,.illl,?:T ""p"fi:iloord ser ,e6B Brand,ort

Jooste J r 4s p/A i;";,;;U;;;lilJ:?,#i; Iffi:;.ff:Jr die U R rg68Jooste J p, 39, Lorindataan t55 Murrayii.rjpr"i"r"#,Joosre J s, s r, oin,,j;li-rg, y.il .n,6;,.ii o.i#**f] i#i ffi,,HrrD,

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. 1 963, Bloemfontein ranse pers ( 1 962) Bpk, Johannesburg. e".irr"ij",oir"t turr,

1:::1. :. H_oer Landbouskoot Tweespruir, 1 971Jooste p L, 28, Mondeor BoStellenbosci-r __ulevard l2Johannesburg, Navorser(KamervN4ynwes e),1g77,Jooste P P,32, N H Kerk Standerton. predikant, lgZ5. N/,leyertonJooste p W. 43, Hoerskoor Niget Ono"r*irel, igu"; "gr,,,Jooste p w 45 .nderwvskoriege poicn"iriioor,"srn]o,.

oo.unt, 1967, Rustenburg

A53

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Jooir" w J,39, P U vir CHo Potchefstroom, Plantsiektekundige' 1973

Jordaan A (Dr), 38, W N N R Pretoria, Skeikundige, 1975

Jordaan n i ..1, aO, Coronationmyn Vryheid, Hoofmagasynmeester' 196^5'l'4iddelburg

Jordaan A 1,32, Dan Louvre Stiandlonteinweg Wetton Kaap' Boer/L P R'-1 977

J;r;;;; C F P 38, Roodepoorl 18 Pietersburg, Boekhouer/Stoetboer' 1976

Jordaan C G, 26, Childrensweg 70 Bergvliet, Onderwyser' 1968' Worcester

i;,;;;; C L, SO, N G Gemeen-te porch6fstroom-Suid, Predikant, l973, Pretoria

i;;;;;; o n H, sz, sttttontetn coudmyn, Hoot-ondersoekbeampte, 1974, Bloemlontern

Jordaan D H, 28, Reitzstraat Warmbad' Sakeman, 1969

Jordaan F, 35, Departemenl Landbou.Tegniese-Dienste Adelaide, Voorliglingsbeampte,

1972, OueenstownJordaan F R, 37, Posbus 46 Klerksdorp, lnternis,

.l 965' Bothaville

lorO.rn G 8,39, Hodr Tegniese Skool Springs' Onderwyser' 1967' Rustenburg.

i;;;;;; c Jio|.l, tr_io Nr ZO'Sil, Naiionaru onJe'wys Advresraad Preloria, voorsilter, 1973

JorO".n H CW: i7 Panorami-Apteek Sabie' Apteker' 1966' Walvisbaai

Jordaan J B, 33, ldastraat II Oberholzer, Tandarts' I965' Krugersdorp

JotJr"n J C,31 , Hoerskoolkoshuis Sannieshof' Onderwyser'.19-7.3'S9rm.ist9n -

i;;;;;; J o, ag, P A T Nvlstroom, Assistent Padinspekleur' 1974' Potgietersrus

loro.in J H L,44, sA polisie/Glanvillelaan 13 Crosby Johannesburg, Kaptein

Veiligheidstak), 1972

Joioia"n J J 52,'TWB Motors warmbad Tvl, Direkteur v Maatskappye, 1967, Springs

JordaanJL'33,Keytersrraat_s+,ouotshoornolfisier(SAWeermag),1977,Johannesburgi;ril;; p, sa, xrobn.t.d west Boere Kocip wetkom, Bestuurder, I966, Ventersburg

lotO.in p, SS, l.l G Pastorie George, Predikant' 1973' Pretoria

i;ra;;; p c,33, Raad van-Kuraro"re'van Minerate Baddens, Rekenmeester, 1969,

HartenbosJordaan R P (Lid Nr 7760), Alice, 1963

Jordaan S F, 30, Van n"url!n.i".t Kibler park, Amptenaar (Buro s v), 1973, Rosettenville

Jordaan S p, 34, O" A"ersiiuai rl Wonderboom-Suid Pretoria, Onderwyser (Hodrskool

Wonderboom), 1971

JordaansT36sanlamPortElizabeth,Taksekretaris'1964'Cradocki;r;;;;wo sa, sA s& H Kinross' Hoolklerk, 1975' Maclear

ioro"." w e, +s Ho6rskool Edenvale, Adjunk-Hoof, 1 975, Johannesburg

Jordaan W F,31 , Voortrekkerstraat Prieska' N G Predikant' 1974' Williston

Jordaan w M, 33, rrengroueiian g uniepark stellenbosch, Rekenmeester (volkskas),

1971, VilliersdorP.torOt H C, 38, Rustenburg Platinamyn, lnslrukleur' 1975' Marikana

iorlon i, 50,' Ri"ttont"in-pK Kameeldril, Skoolsielkundige' 1972' Pretoria

Jorn.tt A, 40, Austinstraal 26 Klerksdorp, Oogarts' 1965' Pretoria

l;;;il A B, 44, P/A Nasionale Paaie Garies, Snr Klerk' 1968' Kamieskroon

i;b;rt A J 32, P/A Santam Springs, Hoofinspekteur' I969' Bethal

i;;;il n J v, oo, P/A s A weerm-ag Heidelberg, tvlajoor' 1974' Potcherstroom

Joubert B J le R, Haweweg Westcliff Hermanus' 1963

Joubert c J, Brookstraat i"o Broortyn pretoria/Komitee van ondersoek na Kulluur-

verspreiding, Sekretaris,.l 97.1 rnTr o^:r, 'Joubert D J,4T,rneronsiiaat De Bruinpark/Volkskas, Bestuurder, 1971, Reitz,

JoubertE(Dr),36,Kerkstraat40Windhoek,Navorser/Natuurbewaring,.lgT5,PretoriaJoubert f i, Zg, CeOarweg 20 Thornton/Poskantoorklerk' 1976' Maitland

JouOert F J, 30, Draaihoogte PK Suider-Paarl, Boer' 1967

Joubert F J, 50, Arixom"*1S O Thornton, Sanlamverteenwoordiger' 1968' Maitland

Joubert F J,4i, P/A N.i"fi6 iarkeraad St Lucia, Navorsingsbeampte, 1973' Tanzanie

Joubert F P, 43, PK Lagersdrif, Skoolhool, 1965' Heidelberg

ilb;tr G J, 30, Pastor-ie Kenhardt, N G Predikant' 1977'Paarl

Joubert G J, 27, f gef-aan fiZC Wonderboom-Suid Pretoria/Hodrskool, Onderwyser' 1 970

JouUert G J, Lid van die U R se Landbou-Komitee in 1973

JouU.rt G J (Lid Nr 5084), S A Polisie Preloria, Brigadier

Joubert G J V,36, noogestiaat 131 potgietersrus, N G Predikant, 1971, Amsterdam

Joubert H J S, Boksbur!, eraat oor Staatskole by 1 969 se Bondsraad

A54

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Joubert H J S, 43, Munisipaliteit Boksburg, Stadstesouraer, 1965, ErmeloJoubert I J, 39, Munisipatiteit Brandfort, SiaJsr,Li't,1s64, ButtfonteinJoubert J, 37. p /A Landbou,regn orensL-piryi, voortigt,ngsbeamapte 1968, FrcksburgJoubert J, 34, Hoewe Enketdeb6s pretoiii, On6ur*y.ur, I 975, JohannesburgJoubert J A, 29. F H Cronje & Van LoggerenO"rg WiOurg, prokureur, l 965, Bloemf onteinJoubert J A, 30, Lentetus BarryOafe, 66er, fg7Z" '

Joubert J A, 31, Swartbergstraat t_aingsOurg, Geneesheer, 1973, StellenboschJoubert J A,38, p/A Votkskas Bpk Winburj, Rut un-r..rr",. 1970, pretoriaJoubert J B, 30, Meisieskoshuis bprrngOok"Ond"i*Vr", 1975, UpingtonJoubert J C,42, Eldoret lng Werke, B6sturenOu OiiJtteu, 1967, KeniaJoubert J C J,45, S A S & H Johannesburg, eief,t iegn tng, 1965Joubert J D de B, 40,p/A Geustyn forsytfia lounert pretoria, lngenieur, 1965,BloemfonteinJoubert J de v, 37, pietersburgstraat

1 07 pietersburg, srreekverteenwoordiger, 1 g73.Pretoria

Joubert J H, 39, p/A Triomf Kunsmis-(Grootdraar), verteenwoordiger/Boer, 1g76, pretoriaJoubert J J (Lid Nr 7677). Senekal. dnOerwvser "t g6ZJouberl J J, 32, The prairie Marseilles Lady6rand. Boer, 1965Joubert.J J, 44, potgieterweg 120 verwoerfuLuig, rrispekteur van onderwys r971,SasolburgJoubert J J de v,30, Tandheerkundige Afd Nevireweg 14 Voortrekkerhoogte,

Onderbevelvoerder, 1g70, pretoriiJoubert J P, 25, Somerset-Oos pK Steynsrus, Boer, 1 964Joubert J P (Jnr), 25, Makawaansbank Steynsrus, Boer, j 969Joubert J s, 42, p/A s A p Barfour & Joubertstraaib"rrorr, Adj-offisier, 1970, GreyringstadJoubert J W J (Lid Nr 7674), phataborwa, B;e;, 1 96,Joubert L c,33, piA Laerskoor Dervire Germiston, onoerhoof, rg66, pretoriaJoubert L J, 35, Hodrskoot Goudveld Welkom, Oni"rnoot, ,,964,

CarotinaJoubert M H,40, Santam Beilviile, esst SeXreiaiii, igOSJoubert N J D, 42, Haasfontein pK Wolwefontern,'Ao"", 1975, NafalJoubert P J J, 43, Gemsbokprek 1 sunnyridge Germisronu s A porisie, Ad1-ofrisier, 1975,ElsburgJoubert P J W (Lid Nr 7735), Germrston, .t 963Joubert s J, 34, Edwardsraan 1 60 westonaria, onderwyser, 1 976, LeeudoringstadJoubert S W, 37, p/A K W V paarl, Set<retaris, igZS, nrOurronJoubert W N, 41, p/A Volkskas Otjiwarongo, a"Jtr"rrOur. 1967, preloriaJoubert Z F,26, Stifontein pK Chipinga, d;r, igil 'Jubelius C, 51, Groorfontein Jansenviile Soei r96iJubelius J J, 33, Grootfontein Jansenvitfe, So"r, i6ZS, xroonstaOJurgens F X, 31, Dellstraat 24 parowvallei:r,bnOur*Vr"r, 1975, SWAJurgens M v R. 40, perseer 1.61 Benoni xre,npiairel]Bort ontrakteur, l 968, BenonrJurgensen E, 32. Etim Koshuis^Dealesvtffe, Oiaeiwyser, .l gZ3, Ladybrand.1r1. y i S-,-43, Vitjoenstraat 22 Carotina, Votksk;sb';ruurder, 1970, pretoriaJute R A,33, p/A Laerskoot Morewag porr EfiiaOLin,-Vise_Hoof, 1973, Garies

KKahl O G, 39, P U vir C H O polchefstroom, Snr Lektor, 1970, pretoriaKampfer J F, 36, Listerstraat.23 WindhoeK Onderwyser, 1966, SpringbokKampfer J G D, 44, Rusten Otifantshoek, Boer, t925, DebenKannemeyer J W F G, 46, Otjakatjongu Omaruru, Boer, 1975Kapp D S, 42, Bothastraat Lady Grey, Boukontrakteur, 1 974, CalaKapp J J, 31 . P /A S A potisie Durban, Luitenant, 1975, Vanderbijlparkl-(app I11,31 , Alanrytaan 36 Mangoldpark, Lekror, 197j port EtizabethKapp P H (Dr), wearesinger 15 Northcrift uirbr 22 Johannesburg, (Skaker by RAU), 1976K"_p!_l W,33, Amaryilisstraat 12 Uitenhage/prA Gubb & rnggil i,ersoneeinesiuiroer,

1977, Port ElizabethKasselman

-J | [, 39, Vogelstruispan Wesselsbron, Boer, 1973Kayser F,28, N G Pastorie Jamestown predikant, 1967, Bart<ly-OosKeevy C.M, 31, Carringtonweg 2^8 Krmberley, Ceneeineer, l966, DougtasKeevy J M (Gen) (Lid Nr 8125) s A porisie irretoria,-Kommissaris, 1964, cradock

A55

tqt

Keller M, 44, Volkskas Napier, Bestuurder, 1968, WellingtonKellerman A S, Wellington Praat oor Jeugsake by 1969 BondsraadKellerman G P, 33, P/A Sendingpastorie Noupoort, Sendeling, 1965, VerkeerdevleiKellerman J, 39, P/A Gesamentlike Pensioenfonds (Parow), Sekretaris, 1974, PortervilleKellerman J J, 33, Verbruikers Koop Moorreesburg, Sekretaris, 1965, KaapstadKellerman J S,31, N G Kerk George, Predikant, 1968, StellenboschKellermann W H,39, Shannonpad l2 Kenmare Krugersdorp, Voedsel Tegnoloog, 1974,

StellenboschKemp A, 34, Blouleliesbos PK Pineview, Alg Handelaar, 1969

Kemp J J, 36, S A Polisie Johannesburg, Luitenant, 1965, PietermaritzburgKemp K G, 32, Onderwyskollege Pretoria, Dosent, 1964Kemp M J,38, P/A Alan Hudson & Kie Nelspruit, Verkoopsbestuurder, 1974, Wilbank

Kemp P J,34, Oshoek PK Mont Pelaan (Memel), Boer, 1965

Kemp P S,37, P/A Kemp Motors (Edms) Bpk Kareedouw, Sakeman, l968Kemp S G,39, Soeldorings Molenstraat Potchefslroom/onderwyskcrllege, Dosent, 1973,

RoodepoortKemp S le R,31, De Hoop Uniondale, Boer,

.l 975, SpringbokKempf{ D, Potchelstroom, Sluit 1965 Bondsraad at met skriflesing & gebed

Kesting P D, 34, Kesting Brand & Vennole Pretoria, 1967

Keuldej A J, 46, Christelike Uitgewers Mpy. Willoughbystraat 65 Kenmare, 1970, Pretoria

Keulder H F,28, P/A Provimi Vervoermaalskappy Durbanville, verteenwoordiger, 1974,

Port ElizabethKeulder J, 33, Bezuidenhout Uitrusters Johannesburg, Direkteur, 1967

Keulder P C,34, P/A U O V S Bloemfontein, Snr Lektor, 1976, JohannesburgKeuler A G,38, Volkskas, Hennenman, Bestuurder, 1966, JohannesburgKeun A J, 26,PlA Hoiirskool Louis Trichardt, Onderwyser, 1975, PretoriaKeyser J H, 49, Landdroskanloor Mafeking, Landdros, 1 965, VredenburgKeyter H C A, 31, Mooimeisieshoek, Excelsior, Boer, 1967, ClocolanKeyter J J, 39, Hans Strydomlaan Lyttleton, N G Predikant, 1971, Vryburg

Keyter W J, 33, Jonaskraal Napier, Boer, 1972

Keyzer A 2,30, N G Pastorie PK Lykso, Predikant, 1975, PretoriaKielblock A M, 34, Esperancestraat 42 Parow-Oos, Eienaar Motorhawe, 1973

Kilian A P, 30, N G Pastorie Burgersdorp, Predikant, 1975, StellenboschKilian A P, 47, Leeulontein coligny, Boer, 1971, HarrismithKilian D H,48, P/A Rembrandt Tabakkodp stellenbosch, Personeelbestuurder, 1967

WeenenKilian F H, 40, Voorspoed Skool Magogong, Skoolhoof, 1976, Oos-LondenKilian G C, 33, Aylif{straat Dordrecht/Hoerskool, Onderwyser, 1976, Murraysburg

Kilian H J, 40, Gruntergully 11 Meerensee Richardsbaai/Alusaf, Produksievoorman, 1976,

AmanzimtotrKilian H J, 36, Landdroskantoor Graskop, Landdros, 1967, BethlehemKilian J D, 39, Quothquan Distr Barberton, Boer, 1969Kilian J J, 32, P I A Hoerskool Bothavrlle, Onderwyser, 1974, BloemlonteinKilian N M, 34, Rietgat Coligny, Boer, 1968Kilian P J du P,30, P/A Rembrandt Paarl, Asst Fabriekbestuurder, 1968

Kingsley S F, Vise-Voorsitter van Noord - Tvlse Rugby Unie/Voormalige stadsklerk van

PretoriaKirchner N/ H, 31 , P/A Yskor Thabazimbi, Asst Res lngenieur, l967, Sishen Kaap

Kirstein F E, 38, Klippoortlie-steenkoolmyn ogies, Mynbesluurder, 1964, Johannesburg

Kirsten J S, 42, P lA Laerskool David Brink Rustenburg, Onderhoof , 1969, Brils

Kirsten T M, Middelburg Tvl (Woon Bondsraad van die 1966 by)

Kitching S C, 37, P/A Sasol Sasolburg, Prod Voorman, 1967, UpingtonKitshofiJ S,34, P/A N O K Johannesburg, Asst Sekretaris, 1966, Pretoria

Klaasen J H, 30, Vaal Heels Orkney, Mynamptenaar, 1969, BothavilleKlazinga W, 41 P/A Douglas Kocip Douglas, Aankopebestuurder,

.l 969, LichtenburgKleinhaus, J F, 55, P/A S A Polisie Johannesburg, Brigadier, 1975, Mayfair-WesKleinhaus T, 38, Landdroskantoor Hendrina, Asst Landdros, l 965, SteytlervilleKlem A D, 27, Namakwalaan 1O Alexanderbaai, Onderwyser, 1966, TulbaghKleu S J, 32, Parkside Ladismith K P, Onderwyser,1977, WillowmoreKleyn W H,40, N G Gemeente Olifantshoek, Predikant, 1973, Ermelo

A56

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4 1974,

Vrtbank

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967

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Kleynhans Ep J' 47, p/A Vorkskoor virjoensdrif, skoorhoof, 1g68, VereenigingKleynhans F A, 38, Afrikaanse Hoairskool Durban_NoorO Onderhoof, .l 973,Potchefstroom

Kleynhans H G de K, 33, p/A, Sanlam Bloemfontein, Verteenwoordig er, 1974Kleynhans l-] J 33 Burgerrechrstraat 838 Broemhot, onoerwyser 167i, p-ot"r,.r.t,oo,

Kleynhans H J, 43, Altena Winburg, Boer, j975, KroonstaOKleynhans H J, 38, p/A S A Buro v Standaarde pretoria, Adm Beampte, lg69, BethalKleynhans H J,31, p/A Kodperasie Ladybrand, Xfeix fSOO ExcetsiorKleynhans J J, 33, "The Retreat,' Excetsior, Boer, igzS Wetkom5l:I1!r^r J J, 33 Steynstraat l i B pietersburg. Ondur*yr"r, I 974, Berhat

^reynnans J J A, 40, Joubertstraat Ladybrand, prokureur,

1 g73, RouxviileKleynhans J W, 33, Kaapweg 430 port'Etizabeth, 1977KleynhansJW.LpRAtgoaKleynhans N J, 35, Stand''ard Telephones Boksburg, personeelbestuurder, i973,JohannesburgKleynhans P H, 44,p/A S A S & H port Elizabeth, Klerk, 1977Klinck B, 33, Lenastraat l2.Naudeville Onderwyser, 1973, JohannesburgKlopper A H, 30, p/A Geref Kerk Volksrust, preiikant, l g73, potchefstroomKlopper C C E, 49, yskor Vanderbijlpark, Snr tng Asst, 1967, pretoriaKlopper D c, 40, P /A Hodr Tegn skoor srat<pan, "sxoothoof

, l 974, potchefstroom / pretoriaKlopper ls, Praat oor lnfrrtrasie in lnternasionale organisasies oy BonosraiJ van r966KlopperJ F,35, Spreeukloof Kookhuis, Boer, lgZi "Klopper J H, 41, Vlakplaas Utrecht, Boer, 1964Klopper M J, 36, P/A Vaardriehoekse Tegn Koilege vanderbijrpark, snr Lektor, r969,KroonstadKloppers B, 28, Provinsiale Koshuis Hendrina, Onderwyser, 1967, RoodepoortKloppers G J,40. p/A Dept pos & Tet pretoria, Adm Eieampte, 1968

----'Kloppers G R,36, Erasmusstraat Ladybrand, Amptenaar B V S, 1975, pretoriaKloppers H J, 33, scottstraat 5 Messiha, Rekenmeester/ouditeur, rgir, Louis TrichardtKloppers J J,4r, Bertramstraat 10 Rynfierd Benoni, bnderhoof, 196a, RlstenburgKloppers J J K, 32, Kmdt senekarsrraar 76 Dan pienaar Broemrontein, professor/UoVS,

1 970, RandfonteinKloppers L B, 31, weavindraan 340 Erdoraigne/yskor pretoria, snr Amptenaar, 1970,Pretoria-WesKloppers M H O,33, N G pastorie Betfast, predikant, 1966, AtkmaarKloppers P A, 34, Jan S de Viiliers & seun xaapsiio, prokureur,

1 970, vredefortKniep L L,39, Rothstraat 25 Ventersdorp prokureur, ,1967, Bioemlontein

Knobel F M, 39,6eStraal 61 parkhurst, Johannesbuig Sakeman, 1g73, pretoriaKnobel H A, 36, Versien Bethlehem, Boer, 1974Knoesen C, 31, Randse Rafinadery 20 Germiston, Asseseues, t 967Knoetze A, 40, Poskantoor Oos-Londen, Superintendenf, j970, BellvilleKnoetze c, 30, Jomano-Hof Adcockvate port rtizaoetn, onderwyser, 1 g64, JansenviileKnoetze c H, Vaardriehoekse Bantoesake Administrasieraad, Hoofdrrekteur-Knoetze D, 34, Arthurstraat 5g, sydenham port Erizabeth, onderhoor, 1 96i oudtsnoornKngglzg lw' 36' Roy campbeilsinger 49 parow-Nooro, oordragsekretaris-Bonuskor,

1971, Porterville KaapKoch A C F,45, Van Der Stelstraat 26 Bellviile, Onderwyser, 1967, ObservatoryKoch A c F ' 42' N G pastorie Mount preasant, pieJkant r 974, sterenboschKoch C D, 40 P /A Hoi,'r Jogenskool paart, Onderwyser, 1969, CalviniaKoch G G V, 36, P/A K W B Harrismith, StreeXsOeJtuurder, t 967, N/oorreesburgKoch J, 36, Kenilworth Memel, Boer, 1969Koch P P, 40,P/A Laerskoor Bergrand Nerspruit (pearr of the Mountain Nerspruit), Vise-Hool, 1977, WindhoekKock A H, 28,P/A Onderwyskollege Durban, Lektor, 1969

59!fl 1,39 P/A Tegnrese Koileg; StelenOoicn, Snr Dosent, 1975, paartKo^egetenberg J H, 30, voortrekkerstraat 4 Touwsrivier/s A polisL, ioloiiisier, r szsSwellendamKoekemoer D J, 32, saturnstraat 26 Fisher's Hiil, onderwyser, 1969, Louis TrichardtKoekemoer F p, 27 , Johannes Catvyn_Koshuis Excetiior, bno"r*viLi r gz+ rioietownKoekemoer G P,38, Langseekoegai Niget, Boer, tSTa

457

*

Koekemoer H J,36, Meisieskoshuis Schweizer-Reneke, Onderwyser, 1973, ZeerustKoekemoer J A, 35, P/A Hodrskool Vryburg, Onderwyser, 1975, KenhardtKoekemoer J C,42, P/A N G Pastorie Marchand, Predikant, .1 974. RoberlsonKoekemoer J H,32, N H Pastorie Kempton Park, Predikant, 1967, BethalKoekemoer J J, 41, "Grootpan' Lichtenburg, Boer, 1968, NigelKoekemoer J M, 32, V D lr,4erwelaan 120 Meyerspark Pretoria/Dept Bantoe Admin & Ontw,

Adm-Beheerbeampte, 1 971Koekemoer J P, 37, Sneeulaan 5 Quellerina Roodepoort/Trust Bank, lnspekleur, 1973,

PotchefstroomKoekemoer P G, 27, Hoerskool Goedehoop Germiston, Onderwyser, 1967Koekemoer P J, 31, Magnoliaweg 9 Primroseheuwel/S A S & H, Tekenaar, l975, HandburgKoen A J (Lid Nr 2162), Direkteur van Onderwys PretoriaKoen E J, 34, Klipplaatdrill Disl Ventersdorp, Boer, 1970, RhodesidKoen F R, 38, Olifantsfonteinskool, Onderhool, l967, WakkerstroomKoen J A A, 41, Hilldrop Newcastle, Boukontrakteur, 1974Koen J G, 41 , P /A Universiteit van Preloria, Snr Lektor, 1967Koen J J, 36, Volkskas Hoopstad, Besluurder, 1 965, OudtshoornKoen M J, 28, Junior Koshuis Somerset-Oos, Onderwyser, 1973, Port ElizabethKok G J, 43, Rondekop Palensie, Boer,1977Kok H G,45. Rondekop Patensie, Boer, l967Kok J C, 32PlAR A U Johannesburg, Snr Lektor, 1973, Port ElizabethKok J H C,45 P/A Susan Slrykdomskool Nylstroom, Hoof, 1964, Louis TrichardtKok L A, 31 , P/A R M B Alloys Middelburg Tvl, Produksiebestuurder, 1967, GermistonKok N J, 29, P l A Kaapse Tegn Kollege, Kaapstad, Lektor, l 973, StellenboschKolesky J, 34, Roosmarynstraat 6 Welkom, Onderwyser, 1977Kolver A T, 33, Bokpost Philippolis, Boer, 1976Kolver W R,44,PlA M K T V Rustenburg, Hoofsekrelaris, 1969Koning F G W,33, PK Louwsburg, Skoolhoof Laerskool,1971, Port ShepstoneKoornhof P G J (Lid Nr 6844), Minister van Nasionale Opvoeding & Sport & Onlspanning/

Voormalige Sekretaris van die A B, Voorgestel vir die U B in 1968Korf A W, 37, P lA African Explosives & Chemical lndustries Ltd

Kempton Park, Rekenmeester, 1974, PretoriaKorf B J,40, Laubscherslraat 6 Graaff-Reinet, Snr Prov Skatter, 1975, QueenstownKorff J, 41, Die Residensie Melmoth, Bantoesakekommissaris, 1970, SibasaKoster G C, 43, Pilkington Tiles Meyerton, Skeikundige, 1969, PotchefstroomKoster J H B, 33, Cornelia PK Warden, Boer,

.1969, PotchefstroomKotze A 8,41, P/A Tegn Kollege Kroonstad, Onderhool, 1965, BloemlonteinKotze A B, 38, P/A Volkskas Petrusville, Besluurder, 1968, KimberleyKotze A P J,40, V Falkenhausenstraat 4 Windhoek, Snr Landdros, 1976, UsakosKotze C D K, 43, Venter-Monteslieldstraat Reddersburg, Boer, 1 967, BurgersdorpKotze D J,45, Koransrug Moorreesburg, Boer, 1974Kotze D J, 36, Dept van Geskiedenis Unieversiteit Stellenbosch, Professor, 1967, AuroraKotze D M,46, Blanchelaan 9 Darrenwood Randburg, Elektrotegniese lngenieur, 1971,

GermistonKotz6 E C 8,28, N H Pastorie Venterspos, Predikant, 1964, JohannesburgKotze F C (Lid Nr 7766), Vaalhartz, 1963Kotze F J,32, Ho6rskool Randfontein, Onderwyser, 1965, KrugersdorpKotze G, 41, Walvisbaai, Tandarts, 1970, PretoriaKotze G D, 37, Madelieriestraat 9 Welkom, Onderwyser, 1977, VirginiaKotze G D, 41 , Perseel 6A6 Jan Kempdorp, Boer, 1963, AmaliaKotze G D, 39, Sanlam Burgersdorp, Wyksbestuurder, 1967, PretoriaKotz6 G J, Grootvlei Kamieskroon, Boer, 1965Kotze G J, 35, M6reson Malmesbury, Onderwyseri Boer, 1964, SwartlandKotze G J, 35, S A Noodhulpliga Parow, Skakelbeampte, 1965, OttosdalKotze G J M, 32, Presidentstraat 16 Bellville, Ald Pens Santam, 1973, TiervleiKotz6 H A, 47, S A Weermag Pretoria, Kolonel, 1967Kotze H C,31, P/A B S B Bredasdorp, Woldeskundige, 1967, Middelburg, K P,

Kotze H W,40, P/A S A Polisie Worcester, Kaplein, 1969, Somerset-WesKotze J, 43, P I A Santam Springs, Takbestuurder, 1 968, PretoriaKotz6 J A V, 39 Planchette Senekal, Boer, .l 970, Zastron

A58

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1 973.

^3burg

Kotze J E. 43, Sandra Dist [,4arandeilas, Boer, 1970, UmtaliKotze J H, 37, pK The Heights Van Zylsrus, eoer 1'gZa KoegasKotz6 J H, 31, p / A Transvaler Johannesburg, NuusieOakteur t 964Kotze J J, 38, "Cjbrni" Htuhluwe, Boer 1966:Ka;p;tad5olr9 I I .SO, gwartliesbaai pK Vetddrift, goer, r Sz0. Hopef ietd5olze ,l J.N:33,

p/A Agricuralrlerspruit, Verkoopsveiteenwoordiger, 1973, Moorreesburgfo\29J. M 41, BergstraalZBp.aart/Boland Bank Bpk, Bestuurd& iSiO-UpingionKotz6 J M A, 46, p/A Universiteit van port Erizabet[ professor, rez+, pret6ri;'-Kotze J N E,38, S A Vloot Fynntand Durban, Offisrei l964, pretoriaKotze J P, 37, Willemsrivier Nieuwoudtville Aoer t96SKotze K,31, Uitsig Aliwal-Noord, Boer, 1920Kotze L c v d M,33, Ernststraat 12Jansenpark Boksburg, Landdros, lg75, Berviile NatarKotze L E, 29, P /A Munisipaliteit Barberton, Xlerk, 1-90S, DordrechtKotze M C,40, P/A Volkskas Aberdeen, Aestuurder, tg6g, DelareyvrlleKotze N J de R,53, Malanstraat 13 Worcester, prokureur 1972, BethlehemKotze P E, 37, Vosloostraat 6 wrndsor Gren / N o x Hoot nro Ekonomie, 1 g77, steilenboschKotze P J. 30, Dameskoshuis Bethulie. Onderwyser,-i969Kotz6 P P A' 40' N G pastorie vincent oos-Lonoen, predikant, 1967, pharaborwaKotz6 S F, 33, Bothashof p/S 3900 Satisbury, Onderwyser, I 971, SpringsKotze T N, 27, Willemsrivier Niewoudtville, Boer. l965Kotze W de V (Lid Nr 7701), Bloemfontein, Bestuurder, t962Kolze W J, 35, p/A Dept Bantoe-Onderwys preto'a, Ondewrwysbeplanner, 1967,PotoietersrusKotze W J, 44, Nooitgedacht Jagersfontein, Boer, I 966Kotz6 w J, 43, Kasteerstraat 7 windhoek/Stadsraad, itadsekretaris, i 976, odendaarsrusKotzee A L, 44, Tvrse onderwys Dept pretoria, pror Assistent, rgo+ potlrrerstroimKotzer N J, 35, Gruislontein pK Crecy, Boer, 1964, VaatwaterKramer c A, 35, Fronemanstraat Marquard/Vorkskas, Rekenmeester. 1g71, LadvbrandKrantz D- R, 30, chipsteadtaan 77 Fynntand Durban, o;;;dr;;"i;)i,"i,:iiiiZ'Krause F J L (Fritz), 45, Hancockstraat 4 Klerksdorp, onderwyser, r szs, poichetstroomKrause J c, 33, P/A NAS suiwelkocip Heirbron, raoriexsbestuu rder. rgi7. pretor,aKrause J J,37, Bergstraat paarrlsaambou Nasionaal, Bestuurder, rgi+ pretoiiaKretschmer E S,39, van oordtstraat 1 sasorburg/Dept perlsasor il, Bestuurder. 1977.StellenboschKriek A C, 39, Goudstad Onderwyskoilege Johannesburg, Dosent, .1966,

Villiers5ri"! I 35, P/A Shiya OnderwyskoilegJWitsieshoeK O-nderwyser, tgib, pietoria5ti"l l! 29, Wiggotstraat 4 Oudtsho;rnlSantam Bank, Hoofkterk i925. GeoroeKriek J C, 34, Volksskool Herdelberg, Onderwyser, f gZO -- - ' i v' vi vvvrv!Kriek J G, 31, Markstraat i3 Odendaalsrus, Sakeman, 1977, Bloemfonteinf_<riek J G, 30, Munisipatiteit Rosendat, Stadskterk, 1965Kriek L A,33, N G Pastorie Rensburgdorp, predikant, 1963, VanderbijtparkKriek P du P, 30, Breestraat Kurumai, Apteker, ,1964,

Schweizer_r"n.f,"Kriek W J H, 47, S W A Adm Windhoek, bpmetingsbeampre, t967, NewecastleKriel A L, 34, Rembrand|aan B De La HayelSantir, Uitu e"rrpt", i-Siii, pi"tori"5,igl 9l Durbanvrle_- (praar oor Kreurtinge by Bondsraad u..i rSizrlKriel D J. 32, P lA N G pastorie Artington. p-rediIant, t 976, Marquaid 'Krier D J,37, Ottostraat 1g Baiiliepar[ potchefstroom, oosent p-o x, 1g71, pretoriaKriel F, 39, P/A Hoerskool Hopetown, Onderwyser, 1974, HopefieldKrier F A J, Standerton - praat oor Liberaristiese Aanstag op Jeug by Bondsraad van 1 g6gKriel G G, 30, Waterkantstraal 14 Odendaalsrus, OnJ.r*yr". t97S, KroonstadKriel G H, 35, Griet l\/odderpoort, Boer, t963, LadvbrandKriel G J, 3.1 , p/A K W V paart, WingerdboukunOiie.iSZS, SteilenboschKriel G J, 44, Sultana-Oord oor Upington, Boer, t dZ6Kriel G P,37,P/A SAS & H Durban, Kterk 1969, BloemfonteinKriel H J,29, l\/ E Rothmanslraat 4T parow, prokureur, j970, Wellington5ri"l f !, j!, limpsonsinget t 1 Dundee, Bantoesakekommissaris, lgT2,rzaneenKriet J D,29,25steLaan 803 Rietfontein pretoria/Universiteit van preroiia, lexior rgzzKriel J D (Dr), Universiteit van pretoriaKriel L 8,35, Martinsonstraat 5 steilenbosch/oude rvleester, Bemark Bestuurder, 1977,Linden

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Srlel l,_34: P/A Munistpatitert Satisbury, Wetsynsbeampre, j970, pretoriaKriel P B de w, 44, p/A s Stone & seuns (Ecims) Bpk coodwood, Sekretaris, 1926,MilnertonKriel w J, 36 orifantsweg 3 petersfierd Uitbr/wits Koilege vrr G T o), Lektor, 1 grr porl

ElizabethKrige H L, 35, R A U Johannesblrg, professor, 1g68, pietersburg

llig: I P,37, Koningshoofweg 3gSlvnnwood/p/A Geusryn Forsyth &Joubert), rngenieur1976, Heidelberg TvlKrige J H H,45, Hoerskool Voortrekker Bethlehem, Onderwyser, l966, ReitzKrige J J, 36, Noordstraat 79 Oudtshoorn Onderwyser, 1 g75, AberdeenKrige W A,37, P/A S A Lugmag pretoria, Majoor, 19t4.parowKrige W A, Kleinmond, predikant, 1963Kritzinger C C (Dr), Lid van die U R se Wetenskap Komitee 1973Kritzinger F M,31, Lourenstraat 14 Nelspruit, Onderv,,,yser, 1970, pretoriaKritzinger J D, 43, Transvaarse suikerkoop Marerane, Hoof bestuurder, r 96z. DurbanKritzinger J H, 32, Smaldeel Edenville, Boer, j 973Krilzinger J J, 27, Volkskool Hennenman, Onderwyser, 1962, BloemfonteinKritzinger J J, 31, Suurfontein pK Doornpoort, Onderwyser, 1975, Oos_RandKritzinger J T, 36, rrfordweg ro Burawayo/Rhodesie Rairways, personeerbeimpte, 1973Kritzinger L, 42, Markstraat Vryheid, Onderhoof, 1968, Ladysmsith N|Kritzinger L J, 31, Turnbullstraat 2l Empangeni, Veearts, 196g, pretoriaKritzrnger N M, 46, pK Louterwater Langt<lo-of, Boer, 1966, TweerivierenKritzinger f l, 28, P /A N G Sending Mrsgund-Oos, Sendeling, i 969. JoubertinaKrT,llg"I w G 32 oranjesrraat 92 Doringkroof Verwoerdbuig/s n weermig brtrsrer1975, Ladysmith N|Kruegel D F N, (Lid Nr Z686) De Aar, Boer, 1 962Krugel w F 44 Nuwehoopstraat 30 MarooranL pretoria, Streekranddros. r975, windhoekKruger A D, 35, P/A Avbob prelo-ria, Handelsinspekteur, 1925, RoodepoortKruger A 11, 43, P /A Volkskas Willomore, Bestuurder. I967, SannieshofKruger A J P' 43, Hoerskoor Fakker Johannesburg, onderhoof rg64 KrugersdorpKruger A S, 28, Badsfontein Venterstad, Boer, I g6aKruger A S, 40, Hebron Smithfield, Boer/Veespekulant t968Kruger B, 36, P I A Ner & stevens prokureurs/bathcartstraat 275 GFreytown, prokureur,

1975, BloemfonteinKruger B J, 36, Kinross/posbus 52 Evander, Sakeman, 1976, HeidelbergKruger C D, 33, Schoonbeeksfontein Bethulie, Boer 1967, VenterstadKruger,c.H J 36, Tierweg 20 Monumentpark pretoria, Bestuurder Rekenaars-Afd (provAdm), 1975Kruger c J H,38, Durbanse onderwyskoilege Vyfde Laan32 Marvern Natar, snr LektorI970. ErmeloKruger C M (Dr), Voormalige Bestuurder van ysksorKruger C P. 29, Lindcoit Dordrecht, Boer, 1970Krugrer D J,43, Pospersoneei Ventersdorp, posmeester,.l 975, BloemfonteinKruger D J, 43, P I A W L Ochse Krugersdorp, Takbestuurder, 1967, JohannesburgKruger D J 49, P lA Metalurgiese Afd yskor pretoria, Hoof , 1969Kruger D'vV (Prof), p U vir CHO potchelstroom, professor (Geskiedenis). 1963Kruger E | 4-1 rybert Kooperasie Burgersdorp, Bestuurder, 1962 Aliwai NoordKruger G A, 32, Elsie Maria Koshuis potgietersrus. Snr Assistent, lg71Kruger G D J (Ds), Markstraat 56 Grahamstad - skakering - rulirit6re Loteringe

Kantoor van die Kapelaan, S A 1-6 N/ilitOre BasisGrahamstad, 1971

Kruger G H J, 42, winkerstraat 3 Kuruman/GEFCo, Mynsekretaris, i976, JohannesburgKruger G H J,29, Kalkoenkrans Steynsburg, Boer, j97OKruger G L,39, P/A Geref Kerk Rustenbur-g, predikant, t925, BenoniKruger G L, 45, Paarlstraat Standerton, OnJerwyser, .1

968Kruger G P,33, P/A Ou Mutual Benoni, Seksiehoof, 1964, pretoriaKruger G ! _49 P/A Veiiigheidspotisie pretoria, Kaptein, t968Kruger H B, 37, Van der Hof{weg 22 potchefstroom, snr Lektor, 1972, BeilvilleKruger H J, 40, P /A RAU Johannesburg, Adj Registr Fin, 1973, BloemlonteinKruger H P,34,P/A poskantoor Heilbron, Asst p"osmeester, j965. Vrede

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' "Kruger L J' 33, E J Kruoer.& Kie "ionaniesouig Sakeman, 1964, MervilreJohannesburgKruger M 28 MerringstTa.at Edenburg, Geneesheer. t9Zt, OntdekkersKruger M. 37, p / A Noordkaapse Ben ViVO*q Srekteur, I 975, LichtenburgKruger M A, 38, Geref pastolie S*"rt,rggunrl pruj,'krn, 1968, AranosKruger M J, Posbus 771 4.Johannesburjl_ Onju"r!"tr"t.ris van A B 1 971 & AdminSekretaris van A B. 1977Kruger M S, 34, Soldierstraat 40 Ladysmsith, Onderwyser, 1976, HeidelberoKruser p, 38 Laerskooi-Koshuis Lorhair, Siiffi";;,'i,sZ L;;briuc

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Kruger P J, Broemfontein-Noord - praat oor Landbou Sake by Bondsraad 1 g66 - Lid vanU R se Landbou Komitee l973Kruger P J, 38, p/A ono",:l::,:,^1?:l] oig"|.yl: pretoria, Assistenthoof, 1e77, Berssis^r;%1lrl,j;3?;

p /A wotnavors rngs insrrruur porr Etrzaberh, rerstiernavorie,, I gog

Kruger P J H,30, vorkskoor sand du pressjs Bioemfontein, onderwyser, 1g65Kruger P J J, 33, Weshofkoshurs Christrana, O.;;;;.", 1g72, Kempton parkKruger p L, Tweedetaan 8 Thaoazrmbr sr,rr.ur ,1, ,ltite," oL*pliiiei"q,igii^Kruger P P, 38, O'Kutisstraat 30 VanderOiifpuik Ci.,irrrg, i925, BtoemfonteinKruger P p, 35, p/A Geref Kerk Baysviile'5os-1".i"., predikant, iszo, n"oo"rrorrgKruser P W, 4s, S A potisie ve1991igino uri*i"id,i+ JohannesburgKruger P W 8,32, Borderweg sr+ M.niopuil, rnglniur,, j971, preroriaKruger B A, 34, Ellisras Hoerskool, Ondeiwyser, i966, xrugersdorpKruger S J, 43, perseel J40 Slagboom,-a".ili9zsl"rr;"rbte HailKruger S J, 34, P /A Sanlam Geimiston WVL.OLri, u,lOer, tglq, Kdmpton parkKruger s J p, 47, Vermoorenstraat-92 eetnaizoi(*;a"ndersrbestuurder, 1970, standertonKruger T F, 38' staatsvoorskotte pretoria, nux.nr""!i., 1 967, somerset-oosKruger T G. 3i, p/A T G Kruger fienOomme poi"iJr".troorn Sakeman, 1977Kruger T H F,35, P/A Boland-Bank Bpk Strandl'i"[.nr"..,"r, 1974, OudtshoornKruger T J, s4, p rA New Graphis rndustries l,,4irairoJrg Direkteur, l 976, potchefstroomKruger T J, 28 Keunrnostraat 202 v"y"rrpirt erliJril, Advokaat, 1977, potchersrroomKrugfer T L P 29 Srnol-ehrrrslweg ao brrietout. spi ng. onderwyser. 1971, SundraKrugerWA FA K Veiteenwoordigervrr Noord en Noordoos _ TvlKruger W AJ,47, p/A Katie De u"aas i".irfr""i S'r,tolhoof, 1968, Nytsrroom

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Kruger W de K, Hoeirskool Gimnasium Potchefstroom, 1963Kruger W P, 44, P I A Yskor Pretoria, Snr Asst, 1 968Krynauw P,35, Deodarweg 15 Primrose-Oos/Hodrskool Vryburger, Onderwyser, 1970,

AlbertonKtihn A WJ,32, Fonteinstraat l3 Lindley, Vise-Hoof (Primer), 1972, KroonstadKiihn C J J, 34, Victoriastraat Uniondale, Onderwyser, 1970, LobatsiKuhn J M G,32, Queensweg 95 King Williamstown, Hoof B S V,1977, PretoriaKuhn P G,44, Landdroskantoor Harrismith, Landdros, I967, DurbanKrihn W J,43, P/A S A Weermag Pretorta, Kommandant, 1976, PietersburgKuperus W L,43, Knightstraat 4 Petersfield Springs, Geref Predikant, 1976, SiloamKuyler H,38, Pastorie Bowdstraat Knysna, N G Predikant, 1972, NababeepKuschke E R H, 39, P/A Grootte Schuur Hospitaal Kaapstad, Spesialis, 1 968, VredenburgKuun O de P, Amptenaar van die A B

Kuun P J C, 36, Eureka Hostel Willston Windhoek/St Augustinian Hoof Banloe

Opleidingskollelge, 1 973, NelspruttKuyler J, 27, P I A N G Pastorie Warrenton, Predikant, 1969, StellenboschKuyper E, 31 , Kirkmanstraat PK Vaalwater, Onderwyser, 1971, Ellisras

LLaas C J, 35, 'l-egniese Dienskorps Pretoria, Kaptein, 1965, WitbankLads H J, 43,PlAS A S & H Kaapstad, Klerk, 1967

Labuschagne A J J, 43, Philadelphia Sendingstasie PK Dennilton Tvl, Predikant N G, 1970,

PretoriaLabuschagne C E G, 38, P/A Yskor Pretoria, Hool Opl & Ontwikkeling, I974, VanderbijlparkLabuschagne C J,31, P/A Volkskas Jan Kempdorp, Rekenmeesler, 1969, Oos-LondenLabuschagne F J, 36, Gerel Pastorie - Gobabis, Predikant, 1 966, PotchefstroomLabuschagne F L,32, "Fanie" Gravelotte, Boer, 1971, TzaneenLabuschagne G J J,35, P/A Ned Herv Pastorie Pietersburg, Predikant, I969, SalisburyLabuschagne J A,39, Perseel 16 Pongola, Boer, 1964, Piet RetielLabuschagne J C, 31, Chayneweg 1 1 Darrenwood, Advokaat, 1 973, PotchefstroomLabuschagne J E, 33, P/A Atlas Fabriek Kempton Park, Supt Finansies, 1 968, KensingtonLabuschagne J F, 33, Kareestraat 8 Nelspruit, Sielkundige/Voorligter, 1976, ErmeloLabuschagne J H, 31, P/A Monument Versekeringsmaatskappy Barbeton,

Verteenwoordiger, 1 970, RoodepoortLabuschange J H, 42, Nolastraat 1 39 Buccleuch Sandton, Snr Klerk Verkeersafd S A L

Johannesburg, 1973Labuschagne J H, 35, Ho€irskool Middelburg, Onderwyser, 1965, LindleyLabuschagne J J, 35, P/A Munisipaliteit Sasolburg, Adj-Stadslesourier, 1975,

BloemfonteinLabuschagne J M,41, N H Gemeenle Louis Trichardt, Predikant, l967, PietersburgLabuschagne J S, 43, Merwena Hostel Heidelberg K P, Skoolhoof, 1973, ParowLabuschagne M A, 47, P/A Munisipaliteit Vereeniging, Dorpsbesluurder, 1969, SharpevilleLabuschagne M C,45, Posbus 7 Grool Marico, Onderwyser, 1967

Labuschagne M J, 29, Van Veldenstraat Brits, Onderwyser, 1 966Ventersdorp

Labuschagne N J S,32, Vyfdestraat 20 Fochville, Tandarts, 1977, WestonariaLabuschagne N W,28, P/A Ludi Uitrusters Bpk Brakpan, Bestuurder, 1969, BoksburgLabuschagne P G, 32, Kareepan Bloemhof, Boer, 1 966Labuschagne P W, 30, P/A van Riebeeck-Melkery Bellville, Motorwerktuigkundige, 1973

Labuschagne S P R,44, Benjaminstraat 17 Robertsham/Langlaagte Tegn Skool,

Onderwyser, 1 977, HarrismithLagerwey T, 35, P/A Foskor Phalaborwa, Asst Meulsuperintendent, 1968, StilfonteinLa Grange A C d W,28, Huis Koornhol Laingsburg, Onderwyser, 1969, RiviersonderendLa Grange D C,35, P/A Hall-Thermolank Parow, Ingenieur, l973, Table ViewLa Grange G J 8,40, Volkskas Llndley, Bestuurder, l966, DewetsdorpLa Grange O D, 39, Elgarstraat 3 Vanderbiilpark, Ass sup, Yskor, 1977, PretoriaLa Grange P A,48, Personeelafd Dept Verdediging Pretoria, Otfisier, 1965La Grange P D F,43, S A S Vaalwater, Stasiemeester, 1965, OlifantsfonteinLaing J J A,25, Middelbare Skool Brackenfell, Onderwyser, 1967. Stellenbosch

462

1 970

,enburg

1 970

Fllpark)nden

;bury

I

;AL

973

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ngflon)

Lambinon H J, 32, p/A. Sasol Sasolburg, Snr Navorser, j 973, pretoriaLambrechr B J, 34, pln seunsroin; V#;J;rp,, onderwyser, 1969, FraserburgLambrechr W H, 38, Emanuet Hrrto""1ilri"i,i, oiournoot, 1968, preroriaLambrecht w J, 26, charrestraar z6i-*i"r#r-o",ii, ceneesheer, 1968, srerenboschLambrechts D G, 33, Gtoria Henann., a.;ilgY5'Lambrechts p H S. Toekom, pf F"tr.n,,r" r"oiiLamprecht (Ds). S A Afletiek v"r"*,Iin'n"'" '"""t'[iit]f"nE;"X'0.]);o'tont'raat 2i2 6rooklvn Pretoria Snr skakerbeampre/MusikusLamprecht C E, 34, Volkskas Ab_erdeen. Rekenmeester, 1969, JohannesburoLamprecht C W, 39, p/A Dep C"r"r; C*i",'Cr"onOOu* Beampte, .l g68, E_nketdoorn.T$ff[3."nv B, 34, von eond;si,ariri'uii#r]t.s/U o V s, snr Lekroa r s77,Lamprecht D M' 46' p/l.g?tg.lu Hoer Landbouskoor onderwyser, 1 g65, postmasburgLamprechr H L J, 41, pze v^orxsris i;;G ilffi;der, 1e63, pretoriaLamprecht K K, 41 , p/A, N G pasrorie v"rr,".ffi"i predikant, r g77, sterenboschi:ffi:T t'_: y rl,.:::ry;Uy i kfifi ;i; ;;;,, Verk eers h oor, 1!7it r.i"r. p,,,rLandman J C, 40, p/A KinderoorO UgL,

"Rekenmeester, j 965, BorhasholLandman J o, 39, Vaatbank r.r"*.rii", ao";il'isil ut,""ntLandman K p, 28, Hartbeesfontein Fi er.i.ioo-rr "boer, r goa

Landman M C,42, Vermoolenstraut S A.tn;[ A..i betretaris OTK, 1976, StandertonLandman p J, 3g, Denneysenstraat Morreno, voit-st asoestrurder, 1g71, BroemtonteinLandman R H, Sekretaris _ Vereniging ,un'StIri..rpt.nur"Landman S J, 26, p/A o-r x r.rig"i,"iiro".tJuJ,,,il,e6B, Middetburg TvtLandsbers E H K, 33. ,r:.::.ilj-I""r*S v#il rs, onoer*yiei iszo, Jonrnn"roul.saTg:r:.r, praat oor Ondersteuning van Eie Sateon"Oernemings by Bondsraad van 1966 _Lange J, 30, p / A Llebenho, Koshuis Bethal, Onderwyser, I 963, ZeerustLansen hoven J D, 34, xripneuwer

-a-urrell;;;,.il;;:li;"., 1 e6s Swer renda mLangevetdr S W.32. Disaiaan zo xrur"ro,ij. iiioino, 1976 oKiepLangtey p J, 33, MatiesooedkuilpK D;"";, b;;;920, VereenigingLangtey T (Lid Nr tissi _.t V prerona fri*;;rn;-, Woon 1965 se Bondsraad byt1i,'"il:;j:',S'vraan 1s ei"trpri['v.]u",.i,,i,7s"5"o",wyser/Hoerskoor

r e70,Lategan A J, 32, p/A prokureur-Genl Kaapstad, prot Assistent, i 965, LutzvilleLategan A W (Dr), Lid van die u n," wJ-"nr"iip_K"omrtee-1973ttl?g6fl3"3;#' Unielaan rs uniepa,,r,)iJoilgi5r"ik""r N G 6enoinskerk, proressor,

Lategan B D, 2l . Brak,ontein Aberdeen. Boer, I 965Lategan B G, 49 Witoetaan z- !u9am OliEir"r.lSrpr Evkom, 1925, Worcestert'l"r?T 3;,i3i#l..toJ,u.,rrut

preroria-Noord/pJX 5"pt uan openra-re'vrlf iesn*,rs,Lategan E H w.45, p/A Opleidingskollege paarl. Dosent, 1974. stellenboschLategan H J. 43, N G pasro.rie r.riduworoiririe]iiuiiiunr 1970, ortosdalLategan J H, 44, Dieoktoof Mago"Ou.*rooi,'Ono";;;.", 1977. Sreenbokpanttl""n*X[i,J 44'costiiarieztii'z'jl"'li;i;;ffi;'"'D,ensre.Boer/vero'beampte,rezz,

Lategan D F, 34, Huis Archer Voortrekkerstraat oudtshoorn, onderwyser/Ho6rskoor, 1 g70Lategan P H,35, Grimbeekstraat g_eautort-Wes]-dn"j.r*yr.r, l968, Grooilontein, S W ALategan W, 44, Hodr Teon. Skootbudt.;;"rnH;;;yser, I970Laubscher C J 37 Heuiingkop Edenburg, Boer, 1973, BelhulieLaubscher D E M 37, witdlm pet,rrorigl ;;;;,' i;;;,BloemronreinLaubscher E J. 37. S A B S pr"t"ii., e"iIr""i*s iilu WolmaranssradLaubscher c J. 39, Hoerskoot g91 u[o." c1"[i".ri;, onderhoof, 1 966, potche,srroomLaubscherH p 43, sAS & H Hliloi.i., irJk,i5o"o]ir|.uouno"rLaubscher H w 33. p/A Sanram ueioeioerg ivi"il"yt<soesruu.oer. 1 967, paarrLaubscher J A B. Koroner - s A porisiehooi**.rti.iixontat<

vir Boe-xl'naLlens 1rszslLaubscher N G, 28, p/A Ge-ref p".iori. r.rig;i'i,1"ji'/r.,, 1s69, potchefstroomLaubscher R J, 42, Welgetegen aainsvLi 'dJe,,

lliil r.,oon.t"a

A63

$

LaubschersJ,3T,LandbankMiddelburgTvlKlerk'1966'HeidelbergL"rit O, 26 Geref Paslorie Bethulie, Predikant, lgT4 Potchefstroom

Laurens R C.30, P/A van WVf Oe V'ies Malan & Steyn Johannesburg Prokureur' 1964

Laurie H de g, Adj-Besturende Direkteur Perskor

Lriir. E, 44,I DeLaan 77 Bellville, Onderwyser' 1967' Bredasdorp

l" Cfrt p. SS. pZn S A Lugmag Pretorra, Kommandant' 1974'Prelorta

Leeson T p,37, P/A Etectio Prieumatrese lnstallasres Kempton Park' Direkteur' 1969'

ModderJonteinLeeuwnerKA,35,P/ADeKlerk&VanGendKaapstadProkureur'1974'Philipsotwnr_"Giung. F A 34. p/A u;ie;inkels Btoemfontein, streekbestuurder, 1973, Bethlehem

L; G,;;6; J A,42, P/A S A Polisie Komatipoort, Adj-offisier' 1964 Pretoria

L; Gr;;6" J H B 47 s A Polisie Stutterheim, Ad1-otf isier 1964', Hanover

i; Gr;;s; J l\rr eg Volkskas BPK Barrydale Bestuurder' 1970' Kaapstad

LeGrangeJP,45,pleYsr<orpretoria.,snrGesondheidsinSpekteur,lgT4.oos.Londeni;rr;,"i R, 42. Perseel J1B Marble Hall, Boer' 1973-Middelb-urg .,Lemmer J C,30, Palmstra;i ] NortnmeaO Uilbr No' 4 Benoni /T O Vereeniging Adj-

Sekretaris. 1 970, PretoriaLemmer J J, 47, S A S & H Kazerne, Klerk' 1965' Zeerust

iu ni"n"-f J L. 37 N G Pastorie Komatipoort' Predikant 1966' Pretoria

Le Roux A du T, 34, rl,unr,..io*n."ndstraat witrivier, Geneesheer, 1971 , Pretoria

lu nor* A F,35, Kruisstraat Potchefstroom' Onderwyser' 1966' Vryburg

L; R;;; n l, +o S A S & H Kaapstad, Landmeter' lg6T Johannesburg

Le Roux 8,34, Hans StryOomtian 278 Lyttelton' Geneesheer' 1966' Pretoria

L; F;;t C.l p Sl, Hartbeesfontein skool' Skoolhoof lg63 Bloemhot

Le Foux C R de W, gS p7A V;tenigtng van Staatsamptenare Pretorta Sekrelaris'

1964, WindhoekLe Roux D B, 41. S A Weermag Pretoria' Majoor' 1966' Bloemfontein

Le Roux D F, 36. van oeiwJtitraat Venterstad' Vise-Hoof 1971' Franschhoek

I; R;;, O f e eS. P/A S A Spoorwee Vryheid' lngenieursasst l9T4' Parow

[; R;;- D J,35 La Boroux Malanstasie' Boer' 1964' Wellington

L; R;;- E. 36 P/A Volkskas Virginia, Rekenmeester lg68 Windhoek

Le Roux E, 34, Dianaweg O2 Ly"nn*ood Pretoria'. Prokureur' 1965' Stellenbosch

[; R;;- F, as, goersxool Venteisdorp, onderhooi' 1 966' Potche{stroom

Le Roux F H.32, pfn Lr"Ono, iugn Dienste Nel-spruit Skeikundige' 1965' Pretoria

[e Roux F J D, 37, Slent Huguenot K P, Boer' 1,967' Paarl

Le Boux F N F, 38, pln reM "suio ntrit<a (rdms) Bpk Johannesburg' Bestuurder/lnligting-

stelsel, 1974, KaapstadLe-Houx F P J,29, Posbus 642 Welkom' Geneesheer' 1965' Edenville

[" nor* G C, 39, Doornkraal de Fust' Boer' 1976

L; R;;- C O, a+ Kerkplein Prieska, Boer/Verteenwoordiger Sanlam' 1970^ .

Le Roux G p v,32, U C Cemeenie universitas Bloemf ontein, Predikant, 1973, Port Elizabeth

Le Roux H, 38, Moultonlrrn Og Wiu"'fey' Abb Staatsdienskommissre' 1976' Preloria

Le Roux H F,38, pin oe vorrsolad Bloemfontein Sportverslaggewer, 1973, Frankfort

a; R;;; H J, s+, Maraisstraat Tulbach, onderwyser' 1972' oudtshoorn

Le Roux H J,38, Coetzeesiraat Belfast, onderwyser, 1970, wolmaranssta_d^ ^

Le Roux J, 33, Coniston.j.Lglilt/rr".rn Johannesburg, Onderwyser' 1970' Pretoria

Le Roux Jannie, President Transvaalse HugDy unre

L; n;;; i e trio Nr 7689), Volksrust, onderwvser .1962Le Roux J F, 44, Zwol Bosho{, Boer, 1 966' Vaalharts

L; B;;;.t r, +s, van veiJensiraat 29 Brits' Aptel<qr 1969' Potchefstroom

Le Roux J F' 26, P l^ r.r,c p".ro'" soutpan, N G Predikant, 1974, Stellenbosch

L; R;;; J r N,l, sa, P/A Stadsraad westonaria' supt (Elekt)' 1976

[e Roux JG,27 Vendome Huguenot Boer' 1974-

l. nor* J H,29, Damlontein Smithlield, Boer' l971

[; R;;- .l H, e+, S A Polisie - Badfontein' Sersant' 1965' Carolina

Le Roux J J,42, Pennysi.g"f f0A Kto"nstad/Stanley Motors' Werksvoorman' 1970'

JohannesburgLe Roux J J,29, Langenhoven Marble Hall' Boer' 1971' Caledon

I; R;;; J M (prot), iid van die U R se Wetenskap Komitee 1973

i; H;;- I r.r Hlt, s'i, Bakenskraal oudtshoorn' Boer' 1970

A64

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I 969,

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Le Roux J P,28, Edwardstraat 17 King Williamstown, Onderwyser, 1970, KnysnaLe Roux J p, 28, p/A Mayvilleskoof pietorii, OnJerwyser, 1970Le Roux L J (prof), Lid van die U R se Wetinira=f romitee 197Str&o." M J 33 J G Strydom Huis No z ooesriaai"rozrni. Hoofingenie ur, 1972.somerset_

Le Roux M J,34, p/A Hoerskool Lyttelton, Onderwyser, 1965, potgietersrusLe Roux M p S, 46. p/A AldetingsrdrO Xa"piiuO, OZsonOtr O_pv Tegnikus, 1 974, WynbergLe Roux p, 33, Kitmarnock Kraisfontein Bb;;, l grq Middetburg KpLe Roux p, 36, yskor pretoria, rraeganiese tnlen,iri rsoz GobabisLe Roux p A.37, p/A Nas earty OivS Wetk;, O;;;niseerder, 1965, WiilisronLe Roux P A F. 39. Levubu, Boer, 1971 - .. - Y-

Le Roux I G, 40, Kloppenspruil Smithfietd, Boer, tgTtLe Houx p J, 43, Burgersdorp, Apteker, 1964, Williston K pLe Houx p J, 38. Drostdv Laingsburg, Landdros, 1963, GrahamstadLe Roux p J ts,.27, Marjnda vltrie,sEofl v"eaiisZ"a"o", r gzoLe Roux P o' so, Fouriesrraat 9 werrinltonTiuginiie xortege, Dosent, 1970, KaapsradLe Roux R S, 44, 2elaan Uirsig weilin{ron, sriEs[reir,, 1s7i Br;;;d;,p- ",...Le Roux S C J,43, Rouzeile pk areeriiier, g;"i-igls, WorceslerLe Roux S F du T, 39, Edenvate Headla;ds, B;dr,'igzo, HobhouseLe Roux S J,37, Huis 77 pK Utco, SfoohooiJST0, VaarnartsLessing c J H,28. p/A Univ Bibrioteek eotcnetsrgioom, Asst-Bibriotekaris, 1965Lessing D G S,29, Groenktoot Noupoort, eoei, tdO;iLessing I J (Ds), potchefstroom, 1963Lessing I J,30, Spekboomslraat 34 Kempton park, Bemarkingsbeampte O K, 1971,PotchefstroomLessing J, 31, P/A Afdelingsraad Humansdorp, Sekretaris, 1968, WillowmoreLessing J C, 33, p/A yskoi preroria, Skeik;;,i'g;, id66, potchefstroomLessing J p, 36, Hersovslraal 2+ Sasolburg, nOj ioJ LaerskoJ t S70, VirginraLessing J P,34, oppermanstraat 2 Vaarpaik sisororig N G predikant, 1977, MareraneLewies W A, 32, Durban Ellisras, Boer, 1'975, Fi"i.il.Liebenberg A J,35, p/A S A Weermag HeiO"iOerg, iommandant, i974, pretoriaLiebenberg C J,41, pumitanga _ ForiRixon, Aoei, ISOOLiebenberg C J (Lid Nr 7737), pretoria, 1963Liebenberg C J,42, O T K Amersfoort, Takbestuurder, 1966, BethalLiebenberg C J, 39, Stasiestraat Vredenburg, C.n".rn""r, 1 966. pretoriaLiebenberg C R, 35, p/A Hodrskoot Carotin"a, OnOii*y..r, 1967, NytsrroomLiebenberg D A,27, philipstraat 14 Ceres, Onderwyser, 1962. UpingtonLiebenberg D J (Lid Nr 768i) Vredenburg. f.Ori.fJOurtrrrder, 1962Liebenberg D J, 39, Tsumeb-Korporasi" t*"iiuiuoorrrn, r976, JohannesburgLiebenberg D P,38, pienaarstraat l0 Brits, Raadg lngenieur, tg73Liebenberg F J, 41 , p rA staatsdrukker eretoria, Eooi"lrnk Afdering), 1g64, carorinaLiebenberg G Z,33, p/A Brink^Boos & ou ioiipa.,r, Orotturi tdio i[,"""rbirbLiebenberg H C' 41 ' Gareweg 6 parktown Jonrnneslrrg, uroroog, 1 g70, steilenboschLiebenberg H D, 32, plaas Viila Rose Usakos, eouilSZz, GrootfonternLiebenberg H L,27, Mandaray praas Dist o*"ro, goer. r971, sarisburyLiebenberg J A, 34, p/A Rooiepoortse l\rf unisipaliteii SiOtiot"k.rir-iS,ZS, SasotOurgLiebenbers J A C, 3s, p/A,S A-potisie xorregJF,eioiia, Sersant,leoi iipiril."Liebenberg J D v d M 47, Kloofmyn pK Libal-rtn, Hiofrynopr"rer, 1966, KirgersdorpLiebenberg J c, 34, p/A Vorkskas sirverron, xLir, igza,'c.i"ri.;" '""""''"'='

Liebenberg M p, 37, Ho6rskool Flichmond, OnOer*y.er, 1967, MosselbaaiLiebebberg N M, 36, Kteinbroekskoot eotnaviil;, O;dJrwyser, 1976, WelkomLiebenberg P J, 34, Nywerheidsaksepbanf .lonir,nesOurg, Bestuurder, 1 967,JohannesburgLietenberg P w, 34, p/A p u vir cHo - sentrum vir rnterne poritiek/sirastraat r4Potchefstroom, Navorser, -l975, port ElizabethLiebenberg s w' 35, p/A Raad op ntoomrrag iretoria, rngenie ur, 1g72, steilenboschLiebenberg T A, 36, p/A Geref xerk Virginia,"pr"oifrit .t 968, LadybrandLigtherm c J,37, p/A Arberton verwe_1iomg epk, sxeiLrnoigu-i662, Miooerburg TvrLigthelm J G,44, O T K Graanatd Stofberg, d".irrrO"r, 1966, BlnkwaterLigthelm N w' 4s, Laerskoor rotius VandeTbirrp.i[, ono"rnooi, is6s,'vl;ue,.,igrng

A65

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Ligthelm S P,44, P U vir CHO Potchefstroom, Professor, 1966, AlbertonLimbach K J, 35, Glencoe PK Hoedspruit, Boer, 1970, MessinaLinde D L S, 42, Wesselstraat Excelsior, Onderwyser, 1965, VerkeerdevleiLinde F J, 38, N G Pastorie PK Soutpan, N G Predikant, 1971, WindhoekLinde H J,27, N G Pastorie Riversdal, Predikant, 1968, StellenboschLinde J J, 45, Graspan Verkeerdevlei. Boer, 1965, SteynspruilLinde P E S, 35, Kruitlontein Potchefstroom, Boer, 1967Linde P J W. P/A Geref Kerk Schweizer-Reneke, Predikant, 1968, PaarlLindeque B G,33, P/A Bantoe-Adm.en Ont Pretoria, Pers Klerk, 1974, PietermarrtzburgLindeque G F, 32, Gillardrylaan 4 Cresta Bandburg, Asst Direkteur Seifsa, 1974, KaapstadLindeque J G, 32, P/A N G Pastorie Proklamasieheuwel, Predikanl, 1969, HartbeesfonteinLindeque J G, N G Pastorie Katima Mulilo, Predikant, Skakel vir milit6re dienspligtiges, 1977Lrndeque P J, 31, Voortrekkerstraat Balfour, Geneesheer, 1968, ClocolanLindeque R C,27, N G Pastorie Alberton-Suid. Predikant, 1968, KlerksdorpLrndeque W, 25, Eensaam Deneysville, Boer, 1970Lion-Cachet J (Dr), 46, l\,4urraystraat 367 Pretoria, Chirurg, 1965, GermistonLizamore B F, 48, Schoonoord Sekhukhune, Snr Bantoekommissaris, 1967, PreloriaLloyd C T, 36, Garmouthlaan 154 Bluff Durban, Onderwyser, 1977Lloyd J, 45, P / A Poskantoor Potgrelersrus, Superintendent, 1 965, RobertsonLoader L J R, 27, P/A Volkskas Memel, Rekenmeesler, 1974, PretoriaLochner G P, 39, Klein Langverwacht Kuilsrivier, Boer, 1970, MoorreesburgLochner G P, 33, Boustraat 5 Moret Randburg, Onderwyser, 1 969, JohannesburgLochner J de V, 34, Mediese Navorsingsraad/Nederburgstraat Welgemoed Bellville, Vise-

President, 1 972, StellenboschLochner L J P W, 34, Hodr Seunskool-Koshuis Worcester, Onderhool, 1965, WolseleyLochner T C,30, Bayviewterras 7 Kaapstad P/A C L Lochner Argitekte Sanlamgebou,

Argilek, 1 976, PretoriaLogan J C, 32, P / A Bantoe-Hoerskool Setotlewane, Onderhoof, 1 967Lohann C A, 39, Postmastraat Potchelstroom, Dosent/Onderwyskollege, 1970Lombaard A C, 32, Fontein Adelaide, Boer, 1977, AdelaideLombaard D,32, P/A Sennet en Wessels Pretoria, lngenieur, 1973, OtjiwarongoLombaard E R, 38. Yskor Pretoria, Personeelklerk, 1964, HobhouseLombaard J A C. 44, P/A Ladybrand-Koop Excelsior, Bestuurder, 1 969Lombaard J C,31, P/A Universiteit van Port Elizabeth, Lektor, 1974, BloemfonteinLombard J G E,43, P/A Landdroskantoor Breylen, Landdros, 1969, WarmbadLombaard L C, P/A Karoo Vleisboerkoop, Onderbestuurder, 1973, UpingtonLombaard L C, 37, Sanlam Kimberley, Taksekretaris, l966, Port elizabethLombaard M P, 36, Wildebeesthoek 309 J R Dist Pretoria, Snr/ABB Staatsdienskommissie,

1 977, BenoniLombaard W A,41, P/A Dept van Verdediging Pretoria, Majoor, .l 963, WatervalbovenLombard A C, 36, Posbus 44 Adelaide, Boer, 1963Lombard B, 43, P/A Bantoe Admin Raad Noord-Kaap, Hoofrekenmeester, 1977, StrandLombard C A J,39, P/A Volkskas Vredelort, Bestuurder,1972, BoksburgLombard C J, 36, Vredestraat 9 Wolseley, Besluurder Volkskas, 1 972, StellenboschLombard D P,38, Lulustraat 59 Mardelana, Staatsamplenaar B V S V, 1973Lombard G,30, P/A Randburgse Stadsraad, Snr Rekenmeester, 1975, PretoriaLombard H, 43, Rekenpligtige Dept S S A S Johannesburg, Klerk, 1 963, Bloemlontein 'Lombard H A, 39. N G Kerk Rondebosch, Predikant, 1972, PretoriaLombard H J,31, P/A N G Kerk Roodepoort, Predikant,.l 974, PotgietersrusLombard H L, Fouriestraat Boshol - Het vir Dokter Geadverteer - 1963Lombard J (Lid Nr 7738), Springbok, 1963Lombard J A, 51 , P/A Universiteit Pretoria, Professor/Ekonomie, 1977Lombard J J, 34, Deputasiestraat 158 Vryheid, Onderwyser, 1966, UtrechtLombard J Z P, 46, Smutsstraat Leeudoringstad, Sakeman, 1966, PretoriaLombard M S, 25, Boplaas Eikenhof, Boer/Saalperdteler, 1971Lombard N D,42, P/A Sanlam Vryheid, Wyksbestuurder, 1968, Estcourt NatalLombard P C,33, G E Myn Gravelotte, Bestuurder, 1966, JohannesburgLombard P J, Donnerandweg 26 Dalsig Stellenbosch - Skakel by Universiteit, 1976Lombard P L, 35, P/A Ernest Oppenheimer-Hospitaal Welkom, Statistikus, 1969, Piet RetieJLombard P M, 49, Truter & Lombard Kaapstad, Prokureur, 1 966, Tulbagh

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Lombard S, 3i, Ahrbeckstraat prieska, Sakeman, 1968Lombard r, 31, p/A Atoeringsraad w6rJu.tui,' a.nuto"teheerbeampte, r 966, KimberreyLombard r E, 26, N G xerk"Matne;b;;;, p;;jiffil, rg68, SrerrenboscnLombard W J H, 37, Houtvolop Scn*ei#r-nei'eJi e, aoe, rgzzLoock E L, 26, Lustfontein Wltiowmoie, A";;, ;;;r'Loors B, 41, Die Drostcly tr,lossetoaai, la]r-o"iiorli'gzo, s"oi.Loots B p, praa t oor Voortrekkers by 1 965 BondsraadLoots F J N,44, p/A Sooo.rwegpotisibe gfoeniloniein, Kaptein, lg74, KimberlevLoots F N J (Rustende Lio N' s66i)-a;J. pr.r.", cr,]rn"r Johannesburg/Revnordsrraat 30. Reynoldsview Kensington, oept'Ho-of, igbl,'n""ro"rt x pLoots F W, 47, S A Wee_rmag Windhoek, Xorir"ni"nt, 1965, pretoriaLoots G J, 34, p /A Meisiesk"oshuii S"Lr*"i";_n"i""ke, Onderwyser, 1 969Loots H J,39, p/A B B K pretoria, S1i""l'n".irwler r975, WaterbergLoots J A J,29, N G Gemeente EtsOurg ereJrfait, tsll,Kamanjabt"ffi,jJtu HivvDGraaf-enrrn"rr.ii.riw"f"roea

wyr<soeiiuuroer,santam,leTo,

Loots J J, 49, Swenskuil prieska, Boer/L V, 1g64Loots J M (Lid Nr 7763). Barkty_Wes rS6i' -"'

Loots P A.4l . p/A N G Kerk parow Seni,aal. predikant. 1974. MiddelburgLoors w J 33 pi A s A potisre rveirigh;tj;joi.',iJp,",n, 1923, prieskaLoots z B. 29. Hooostraat lacoosJaio-ni"e]*ir"r,iruo BethtehemLoots Z M. 46, p/A Merino Koop-B;;rl;;_W"r..iaibestr*de,, 1967. BritstownLoretz H J E,44, Laerskool r.ryrdtroom, Ono"inooi"j gzz pietersburg

"jili!l#; 3j;nBerskaree raan s zs iv' n*ooi ii"io,i, h g.ni;u, in'.rds r, r g zo

Lotriet CA 33, Landdroskantoor Durban, Landdros, .t 967, pinetownL.tter B S' 35, crawfordsinger za siruien;;"d;;gr, rand-Tegnikus, i976, preroriaLdtter D c, 3t, p I A Letaoaiansoe; i"];;;, B":l;ulroer, 1e64, ZebedietaLcitter D J B, 50, p/A Van eazair pearsio., xi"."f,, rgoALcitter J D, 36, Tweeriviere pK Fullarto., B;;r, ;9;9'Lotter L D, 42, w G A port Etizaberh, w.i:;;.;;;; 1e68, JansenvilleLotter P H F, 44, p/A Moderne Sr,oonr"k*itri"et'o, oiret<teur, tSOeLcjtter P J M,32. Koperlaan 30 Virginta. O"OL*Vr"r'. 1973. BloemfonteinLotter W G. 33, Louw Getoenhuyss-ko"i rr.ri"".'5.ierwyser. 1967, Georoe,"|,,,Ij;,j, Odendaatstraat H,,"yrop*r,7W"ri iv"n'piuro,iu, Fisrkus (Bounivorsing), 1970

lgtz J J 37,P/A N G pastorie paterson, predrkant, 1966, pearston

iiii i;i"lf n1"):?3:fl,"i[#,ii,::';*s;:ua;'t r'r'uooinsJouro, 1e67, Lvdenburg

Lorz I J, 30. Mauritiusstraat,3T Meiringsparf. ApiJ,.u. .t 969. potchefstroomLoubser 4 C (Lid Nr 7713), verr<eeroe"vr6i]pi"jixr.i r goeLoubser C H, 48, Dennesigstraat a StettenOosJn,lanOmeter, tSOZLoubser F J' 4r'prA onlr'rvan rnkomste ar;it.[i. rnspekteur, 1964, carviniaLoubser J de V, Lid van U R se t_anoOou XJrii"" ir',gzSt"iN;5r , G H, Argemene Bestuu;de;- d e's'J,'il --'iio uan U R se werenskap-Komitee inLoubserJ s' 3g, Van Riebeeck Mediese Gebou schoemanstraat pretoria, chirurg, 1g70Loubser J W S, 35, Boterberg phitadetphii, B""rligiO l

Loubser M D 35 Boesmansiop L."ii,i.iJ.t-"r,"eoZ, ,gttLoubser M G,41, p/A Brink nrios a ou ioit el,"iti;, professor, t967, SteltenboschLoubser M v d s 45 Braaubergpi.i. rra.irotlrtruni uour, 1971. phiraderphiat"Hrt#.?j;nt' Phi,aderphia uotpiriiro"";!tt'D;;G;r".oi,",i ai,i'elafipte rszo

l-?ulgnr 9.q lq Lateganstraaj 53 Ourjo, Sakeman, 1973, KeimoesLourens E M 40' Bantoesake.pK witsiesnoet, xJmmisarrs 1g67, RustenburoLourens G H c, 40, p/A Laerskoor rrrrtonre, .roliunn.rorrg, onderhoof, 1 966, FrankfortLourens H C de w, 35 N G^Geme".t" or.i" ri"ron'eirennot, predikant, lg77, LobarsittHr"#.loJ;n'u' Magaliestr 3a Koster/Kost"i xoo"plnttt Hootoestuuioe;',' 1;;;,''Lourens J J B 32. Bristol Cornelia, Boer. 1975

*

Lourens J P, 44, P /A Joy-Manulacturng cosalto Johannesburg, lnspeksievoorman. .l

969.

KoppiesLourens J P (Lid Nr 7774), Edingurglaan Clubview Oos Verwoerdburg - Werk by

Atoomkragraad 1963Lourens P C, 30, Rielkuil PK Villiers, Boer, 1974

iorr"n. W J, 33, Van Riebeeckstraat Montagu, Onderwyser' 1967' Albertina

LouwAA.36,Dalmada20Pietersburg,Rekenmeester/ouditeur'19/1'PrelorlaLouw A F M, 44, Fisanlekraal Durbanville, Boer, 1976

Louw A H P, Laerskool Ceres, Onderhoo{, 1965, Redelinghuys

louw A J,33, p/A Tegn Kollege Langlaagle, onderwyser, 1965, Bronkhorstspruit

Louw A J, 46, Buro viiStatistiex Pretoria, Onder-Direkteur, 1966

iouw A J, 33 P/A Nas Party van S W A, L W VHoofsekretaris' 1975' Usakos

Louw A J P, Woon 1966 Bondsraad by (Bellville-Wes)

L"r* n P,42 N G Pastorie M6relig Bethlehem, Predikant' 1966' Primrose

louw A p v N, 47, Skool vir serebiaal Kreupeles pretoria, onderhoof, 1 967, Pietersburg

Louw A W,40, Parkstraat Karasburg, Boer/Klerk by Afd Paaie' I971' Germiston

I"r* c C ou w, 39, p/A Henochsberg Germiston, Dept Bestuurde(,1974, Primrose

iouw C F,30, P/A Rovicon Edms Bpk Bellville, Sakeman' 1973

Louw C I M, 50, Oranle PK Hendrina, Boer, 1964

Louw C J, 44, V D Merweweg De Deur, Slagter, 1975, Vereeniging

L;;; a s,zt,pta Marine Pioducts Kaapstad, Ouditeur, 1967' Bellville

louw D,45, Dept Volkswelsyn Preloria, Adm Beheerbeampte, 1966' Oos-Londen

Louw D F J (Lid Nr 7702), Fraserburg, Boer, 1962-

Louw D F J,45, Agterste van Zylsplaas Williston, Boer, 1969

Louw E, 33, P/A Koeberg-Trusi Durbanville, Prokureur, 1965, Bellville

Louw E, 42, Dirkie Uysstraat 43, Harrismith, Onderwyser, l970' Reddersburg

Louw G H, 38, Paarl Trust Bpk Paarl, Sekretaris, 1 963

Louw G J J, 38, Residensie Jacobsdal, Landdros, 1 968, Mooirivier

LouwGN,3,l,LandboukollegeGrootfonlein,Navorser,lg65,NieuwoudtvilleLouw H, 40, Kransbos PK Knysna, Skoolhoof, 1977

I"r* ff n 35, Dept Landbou Univ Stellenbosch, Professor' 1965' Paarl

Louw H A V,34, P/A Mondorp Johannesburg, Rekenmeester' 1974' Pretoria

[or* r.J, 40,PlA Boksburg-Eienoni Hospilaal, Superintendent' 1965' Bethal

U"r* f S, 44,PlA N G Seridingpastorie Hanover' Sendeling' 1965' De Doorns

Iou* .f, 45 S A Polisie Johannesburg, Ad1-Offisier, 1964' Vredendal

Louw J A, 34, Kroonstad, Stadsingenieur, 1 963

Louw J A G,40, Losberg Carnarvon, Boer,1973iouw J B 2,30, Transvalialaan 14 Uniepark/Universiteit van Stellenbosch, Snr Adm

Beampte,1971, Paarlf-ouw,l O 45 Pres Steyn Goudmyn Welkom, Ambulansbeampte' 1967' Libanon

Lo,*1e33'VerdedigingsnootrwartierPotgieterstraat(KontakvirBoekenaGrnesinPlease omit above linet-ouw;e,33,VerdedigingshoofkwartierPotgieterstraatPreloria(KontakvirBoekena

Grens in 1973), Kolonel, 1969, BellvilleLouw J G, 2g, samuets viijoen & Dekker Btoemlontein, ouditeur, 1967, Johannesburg

Louw J G, 40, Middeldeurvlei Pofadder, Boer, 1967, Carnarvon

Louw J H,39, N G Pastorie Bethulie, Predikant, 1967, Luckhotl

LoUwJL,36,P/AKleinKaroo-Landboukodpoudtshoorn,ASSIBestuurder,l96T'Potgietersrus

Louwi P (Jr), 29, Hartebeeskloof Porterville, Boer, 1967

Louw J P, 43, Yskor Pretoria, Asst Bibliotekaris, 1964

Louw J P, Berryllaan Lyttelton 3 Verwoerdburg/Yskor, Amptenaar

Louw J v H, 28, Santam Port Elizabeth, Trustbestuurder' 1 965' Porterville

Louw J W, 43, Dept Finansies Pretoria; Afdelingshoof' 1964' Windhoek

Louw J W, 38, Roulou Firgrove Stellenbosch, Boer, 1967

Louw Kobus, Vise-voorsitfiivan S A Bugby Raad Voormalige S-ekretaris van Kleurlingsake

iouw M S (Dr) Lid van die U R se Ekonomiese Komitee 1973

Louw N g, )A, Oie Pastorie Gansbaai, N G Predikant, 1970' Stellenbosch

Louw N W. 31 , Ebenhaezer Porlerville, Boer, 1970

Louw P L R,41, Forestweg 20 Oranlezicht, Joernalis' 1972' Kaapstad

A68

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Louw s c P ' 47 Hoerskoor charrie Hofmeyr ceres, skoorhoof, 1 974, FraserburgLouw W F,34, N G Sendingpastorie Sibasi, Sendeiing, 1965, pretoriaLouw W F, 37, "Wildekeur" Oor Upington, Boer, 1973

!gr* y I I qq. pllrdelphia Hospiriat Dennit,ton, ceneesheer, 1974, UrrechrLouw W P (Lid Nr 7714),Bloemlonlein, Kommandant, 1962Louwrens F G.38, Dasstefontein Keetmanshoop, Boer, 1974Louwrens K J, 2l , Laspoort Reddersburg, Boer, 197.l, SmithfieldLow B 41, Sqltgm Xrugersdorp, Wyksb5stuurder, t 967, JohannesburgLoxton A J (Lid Nr 7739), King Wiiliamslown, 1963Lubbe A M, 29, Posbus 535 Vanderbijtpark, Veearls, j964, pretoriaLubbe A M, Lid van die U R se Landbou Komitee in 1973Lubbe A N P 33 Dept van Bantoe-onderwys pretoria, snr Vakkundige Beampte, .1967,

Graaff -Reinet

|rPP" P G,3_4 Jongitizwe Tsoto Transkei, Onderhoof, 1969, Middetburg TvlLubbe F C, 38, AIba Umfolozi/Eshowe, Boer, j964, FauresmithLubbe F v Z, Afrikaanse Taar & Kurtuur vereniging - skaker by kongres op Hartenbos, 1 976l-rP!" 9 J (Lid Nr 4230) Hartswater - prok-ur6ur & LpR/voorgJsrer ui,, oii u n-rn rgoafu!!e H 39, Dept van Lande pretoJra, Adm Beampte, 1967, pi"etersburgLubbe H J H, 42, Truter Kakamas, Boer, .1 975LubbeHJP,35,P/ASAUKJohannesburg,orgsuid-sotho-Drens,1967,KemptonparkLubbe J, 33, Lewerkiestraat 21, colswold p-ort Eiizabeth, onderwyser reiz,-ii[r'oerreyLubbe J C,38, Volkskas Aberdeen, Bestuurder, .1966,

Schweizer_RenekeLubbe J F F, 37, Ho6rskool Kalahari Kuruman, Onderwyser, 1967, DanielskuilLubbe J H,39, Mount Charles Groblershoop, Boer, t97'5, Niekerkshoop

- -Lubbe J J, 36, P/A Hoerskool Durbanville, Vise-Hoof, 1977, MaiilandLu,bbe J J F 36, Spitskopstraat 17 windhoek/ont van rnkomsle, Admin Beampte, 1977,VereenrgingLubbe J L.44.P/A Stewarts &,Lloyds Vereeniging, Hoof Verkoper, 1974. OranlevilleLubbe K P vw 4r' Dept Binnerandse rnkomst6 vlig,nra. ontv van rnkomsti-.,-r9-64,

PetrusburgLubbe P S, 34, Milit6re Basrs Bethlehem, Soldaat, 1975, potche,stroomLubbe w J,3r, Edenrus 401 Hamirtonstraat Arcadia pretoria, N G predikant, 1g72,

StellenboschLucas P A J, 40, P/A M J Joubert & Kie Tulbagh, Sakeman, 1g14, paartLuck H W, 40, Gtypan pK Aranos, Boer, l966,bobabrsLuckhoff J R Pretoria (Woon 1966 se Bondsraad by)Ludeke W, 40, Edenvale Lothair, Boer, 1 973, KrugersdorpLudick J P,34,P/A s A u K pretoria, Streekbestiurder, 196g, JohannesburgLudik s J, 32, Dunbarstraat 38 parowvailei, N G predikant, r 927, orania Dsi HopetownLuitingh L l, 34, Van Riebeekraan Edenvare/Kensingtonse Hodrskoor, onoerwysei, r szo

Heidelberg TvlLutsch w J F s, 46, p/A Bonuskor Johannesburg, Groepsingenieur, 1 g66, steilenboschLuttig G, 31, p/A Botand Bank paarl, Asst Sekreiiris, 1973Lutz B F,41, Charlie Ochsestraat 10 Cradock, Bou-Aannemer, lg7O, WillistonLutz J J' 34, Fed Vorksbereggings Kaapstad, Asst Bestuurder, 1 966, JohannesburgLuwes N J, 34, P/A Die Afrikaanse Handersinslituut Johannesburg sareoestuuioer

Volkshandet, 1 975

MMaarschalk S T, 42, Keetstraat 1 Humansdorp, Landmeler, 1966, WillowmoreMaartens J H, 39, PK Biesiesvlei, Sakeman, 1967, MahemsvleiMaarlens J J, 37, Klipkuil Reddersburg, Boer, 1965Maarlens J M, 29, Susanna Bethlehem, Boer, .l967Maas L K, 26, Hodrskool Trompsburg, Onderwyser, 1967, BultfonteinMaas O,30, P/A Hodrskool Sutherland, Onderwyser, l970, BrandvleiMaas N_J I V, 4o Jopie Fourieslraat 23 Tiervrei, bnderwyser, i 967, somerset-wesMaass P J, 33, 2delaan 56 westdene Johannesburg/S A porisie, speuroer noj-o i., rgruMahne T C, 27, Leeupoort pK Fochville, Onderwys6r, 1974, CarletonvilleMalan A F, 41, Fairbairnstraat 4 sasolburg, Rekenmeester Volkskas, 1975, Heidelberg, Tvl

A69

r

Malan A J, 40, Strydomstraat 66 Heidelberg Tvl, Apteker, 1964

Malan A P (Prof), Lid van U R se Wetenskap Komitee 1973

Malan A 5,27, i lA Unie Staalkorporasie Vereeniging Admin Assistent, 1965, Pretoria

Malan C A P, 29, Leeukop Deneysville, Boer, 1970

Malan c w,41 p/A Bantoeskooi vir Dowes & Blindes Babanango, Hoof, 1966,Bosele

MalanDG,37,P/AKarbochemSasolburg,Bestuurder(Tegnies),1973,BloemlonteinMalan D J,36, N G Pastorie Hartsvallei, Predikanl, 1966, Otjiwarongo

Malan D J, AasvodlskoPMalan D J,35, Benstraat 84 Erasmia Pretoria Hoerskool Elandspoort, vise-Hoof, 1970'

GroblersdalVufin O J 40, Dept van Gevangeniswese PK Goedemoed' Kaptein' 1970' Leeukop

GevangenisMalan Di J, 34, Merrimanstraat 3 Welkom, Onderhoof, 1971' Kroonstad

rrl1iran o S, 4l, p/A Bakke & Kie/Petrastraat 3 Denneburg, opl-en Pers Bestuurder' 1975'

StrandUalan E, 41 ,PlA Universiteit Westville, Snr Lektor, 1977' Bloem{ontein

r,rfrf"n E S 36, Huis J J Muller Clanwilliam, Onderwyser, .l 963' Calvinia

Malan F R,38, Gordonstraat Mafeking, Apteker, 1971' Brits

fr/"fin C F (Abe), 30, Damfontein Vereeniging, Boer,-1966' Stellenbosch

Mafan C J, 42, Louis Bothalaan 30 Louis lriChardt/Soutpnasbergse Laerskool,

Onderwyser, 1 970, DelmasMalan H DJ p, 31, PresidenLlraat 63 Potchefstroom, Stadsingenieur, 1970, Verwoerdburg

Maf an H P, 45, P lA Sasol Sasolburg, Hoofklerk, 1967, Rhodesie

Vatan u f , SO, pf Melmoth, Poskantoorklerk' 1963, Ladybrand

Malan J (Prof), Universiteit van S AM;i;; I 'A,

32, P lA Laerskool Milnerton, onderhoof , 1967' Tiervlei

H1iiu" .t de L, 42, Dept publieke werke pretoria, Bourekenaar, 1964, Pretoria

Matan J de V R,29, Hartbeesboek PK Rosslyn Pretoria' Kweker/Boer' 1968

Malan J du P, Brits - (Krokodilrivier) Woon 1966 Bondsraad by

uatan .r du 1, 27 ' P/A N G Pastorie Vanwyksvlei, Predikant, 1975, Stellenbosch

M;i;; J E.34, P/A Dept Bantoe Adm & ontw Oumbu, Snr Landbou Beampte' 1967' Mt

FletcherMalan J F, 44, Libanon Klein Drakenstein, Boer, 1977 ' Paarl

MatanJH,32,Albrechtstaall22Bloemfontein'SekretarisVCHO'1970Malan J v L,43, Glencrescent OranJezicht, Oogarts, 1964' Vredenburg K P

f,rfafin frl A,36, P/A S A Weermag Windhoek, Kolonel, 1967' Pretoria

Vafan f,rf M,27, Hodrskool Menlofiark Pretoria, Onderwyser' 1969' Brakpan .

Mii.n p A, 32, Mispellaan proteapark Rustenburg, Boukontrakteur, 1974, Johannesburg

Malan P C, 33, Bustfontein Bethal, Boer, 1966

r,rrir"n p c, +0, pln tng RtfCosxantoor vereeniging, snr Tegnikus, 1974, Bloemfontein

Malan P J, 37, Malanshoek Keimoes, Boer, 1970

MalanPJ,26,Derdelaan-WesClocolan'Geneesheer,1963'WellingtonMalan P J W, 44, Schuttespos Parys, Boer, 1970

Malan S du P, N G Kerk, PredikantMufan S F,45, Atlas Vliegtuigkorp Kempton Park, Direkteur' 1966' Stellenbosch

Malan S F, 30, Allesverloren Riebeek-Wes, Boer, 1969

Malan S F, 33, Hornkranz Windhoek, Boer, 1971 , Riebeeckkasteel

frrf .fi. i.l, SS, pln Hodrskool Riebeeck Randlontein, Onderwyser, 1976, Potchefstroom

Malan S P, 36, Beatonstraat Ladybrand, Asst Rekenmeester' 1975' Pretoria

Malan S P, Lid van die U R se Landbou Komitee in 1973

Malan S P, 37, Stadsraad Benoni, Onder Stadsklerk, 1967' Alberton

Malan S W, 28, Paardefontein Adelaide, Boer, 1964

MalanWC,2T,ParksteeggBlairgowrieRandburg'Prokureur,.lgT2,Johannesburgrri1airreroe d J, sr, Snel Dioogskoonmakers pretoria-Tuine, sakeman, 1967

Malherbe D H p,43, Harry sirithstraat 1g sasotburg, Messelaar, 1971, Ermelo

Malherbe D J,42, Kweekkraal Riversdal, Boer, 1974

Malherbe F J, 43, Volkskas Swellendam, Bestuurder, 1964' Paarl

Malherbe G J, 35, Hartebeeskraal Paarl, Boer' 1966

Malherbe G J, 46, Hoeirskool Tuine Pretoria, Onderhoof' 1967' Brits

Malherbe S G 33 Porterstraat Rawsonville, Sendeling' .l 964' Paarl

A70

r'etona

Eoseleriontein

rt I970.

ukop

er. 1 975.

|erdburg

967 Mr

esburg

cnte,.

Marherbe s p v B.30.la Dauphine Franschhoek, Boer. 1g65y:li:f: l-',, 1" 36ffi [tfr *;*":::li^ lTedi kant i sio x,,,,,n

Malherbe w p M, 39. vrroi e,Jolr. ffi;J"","I. 196a. BjoemronreinMatoney J D, 36. N H Gemeente d.,h.i;;; ["H predikanr. 1g77. pretoiaMammes H E' 3e o'*:]l:I::li wil;;;"J ^;ir.oo,.p

sakeman, rs65Mammes p A, 39, p/A Vteissentra"r x,Lge,so;ip.-voo| nrpr"";;; ir:6", Klerksdorp':,.j'r

o J' srevnsrus - spree* r<oinm"",';r;; v",,."keringswese op pratierano by 1966Bondsraad. Lid van die U Fl se Ekonomiese Komitee in 1973

[fl,$:rt,j' 44, Mullerstraar s"r"ird/M",;ir i,"i"r., & vennore, prokureur, 1e70

M:iff t h,3l # fjr1"1''"'"'e, verreenwoordiser, r e64, Merwevirevariai g 5s]r.*.liJiw-oonbuurt

patensre, onderwyser, 1g68, Reivrtovarais e pl-iro ;;; ffiY::tla

srasie Boer' re65

Marais c r, 5,, v,rl JlJff:,i5::Bliser<omiree 1e73Marais C F. 36, N G Gemeente Horison, preii"rlnt 1965, FraserburgMarais C 1,38, Eartsrraar:r, ruewcaJie oiliri,ir"r,,roo'il;/i o predikant - B'e*e'*esrd $.r'"1.il#r port Erizabeth - skaker bv Univ van

Etizabeth 4.2.76Marais D D. 37. Laersko_ol

.Dagbreek Wrndhoek, Skoothoof . i964, paarlMarais D F, 38. Laerskool-y"ly;ifl 'irr6"i.",i,r,i] od1_Hoof, 1e73, pretoriaMarais D J. 35, p/A Munrsrpatrteil Nigel, Klerk, 1963

il:iff B E, lB: i.iy"?l.nstraat pardw_r.r""ij ir""rn"f,-r e75. somerser_oos

Marais E J (Lid Nr 49ss,pilP.?lt Lake (Douglas)' Boer. lg73. oeeai "-' """

Marars F iil ii' 'i-"'e"':"riJ'?tT';#!iiJe?J----------------f[:,X.^fan

- voo.'bl'tervirdie u R 1e68Marais F J, Lid van oiu-i1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, n se Ekonomiese

^or,,".o?tlronderwyser,

1964Marais G, 41, Besiqheidir,rara,i d c i A.B ;;t?ifliq,',Jfl"Jl?

^T,"Jl*lfJ;.; ygiT,*

Marais G E. 4 1, poska nroo, por"nli.ti6oi.,,,si0'"l,rl".oent, j 972, Bethat

il:;fl:3 E il Fiifi#t . no,-wi"on"Iilxo# eun"",oeampte, 1e6e, pretora

Uii*i-t,ll'r[[i#:t,:ffi {#*,::,me*;.;,;;;.lo'j,0,,,,.,*Marars I p,36, p/A'SasolMarais J. 40 p/A Hodrskloitg^-o:o'10-tupt'

1 gT0 chloorkopMarais J, S0 plA i";;]f", Etosha Tsumeb. Vise_Hoof, r92.5. Windnoer

l,:::: i i ii 'td;ffi:it :fl[:: JJ:: ixT 1ezs porcher.t,oo,-"

,v,drdrs J (,. JZ, Volkskas Bpk Brandfort Reke#eester, 1964, HumansdorpMarais J du p, 40. p/A Dept van Arbeid;,";;;;;; Beampte, 1968

ffitr j n.[i;l##-,,;,tululrTffi m,***n r n n u..,,s

Marais J I F. 43, Kareefontein Wepenei e"Lr, ]S6i "Marais J J 30, piA Roberrs xonsirut<sieil"a'n o.i"r,i",.. Tegn Bestuuroer, r g7s. Atberton werylaan 131 Meyerspark pretoria,

iil:[;: i j, 36, [}"tilo,d r'll'^"^Il:'?r Kimberrev, Kaperaan, 1e6e, Broem'onreinvaraii j j' il;;il; lj;::Tff[#:,#,ff;?:lTf,i;;3uu

--- vL ' v ' E

Marais J J F,49. Grobtersretriet pk aro"o?rpri.i"".l ,t966, DetarevviileMarias J L, 35, Timsrraar ar vorsanriJslE;.fi;s", ff;" ,ietkundige, igzi, Kempton parkMarias J p, 37, Munisioarite,t e;nonil6iil#id iito. x,ro"r.r. y

M:ff l: S3 |,i,!3:l?:: ximoerrey we! iiiJ,,,ii,, is65, wirisronrr,tar-ais v-o15,., 'f,;;;"J#'*tkoolHerdelbers rvt onoerwyse,,'isiii'rnrnariro,Marais M J' 46, p / A Onderwyskorege preroria, Dept Hoof Afrikaans, 1976, potcherstroom

471

x.t

Marais N B, 43, Clifton Fort Beaufort' Boer' 1963' Bedlord

Marais N E, 32, p I A f_u", Voik'JXool"Ci"utt-n.inut Onderhoof , 1977. Somerset-Wes

Marais N v d M, Pieterm,'ii;;;;;l di'"t lf v"tliekkergedenkkerk bv Bondsraad 1966

Marais P B t\,4, 33. p/n Saniam kaapstao' Beleggingsekretaris' 1964' Ceres

Marais p C, 39. KommanO"J,i,,.", i5 Weigem"o-eO -Bettville,

Org T V Prog, 1977,

,rjrt#fH%[lrro *run Marais & Pienaar Bellville Prokureur' 1e63' Robertson

Marais P G B. 30, pla l''runisTpljn"t Spt tSt'^l"^Srstrasiebeampte lg66' Vrede

narrri. p S, aZ pln Otk Bethal' Sekrelaris' 1976 Vrede (OVS)

Marais p s, 38, p/A Oie voriso;airiiourntont.in ReOaXieur-auitetand, 1975, Bloemlontein

MaraisPW,31,P/Arr,n..nl,loto''Kimber|ey.Rekenmeester,lg6T,Bethlehemf,rf .l.it S J, 45, Kerkstraat Colesberg' Geneesheer' 1965' Carnarvon

Marais T J T, 34, ple fran"svaafse inOier Kollege Roodepoort' Lektor' 1974'

OntdekkersParkrtlr-tui. w iz Sunrise Dordrecht Boer' 1975' Tarkastad

ii.i"lt w n L 28, vrede Petrus Steyn Boer' 1971

Marais W C.44'PlAf"'p't'O aetlggingsKempton Park' Direkteur van Mpye' 1970

Marais W D, 32, Welgem#;; F;;E"tdi' Geneesheer' 1966' Kaapstad

Marars W J v d M +O Oep'-t-van Behuisrng Pretorra lngenreur 1:61-C-eres

^/;;;,; W i s5 orn,. g6"'"di"nttu P'etorra Drrekteur' 1964 Pretorta

Mar6 G S, 40, p/A r"g" 6;,l,org s A w""-.g (v€rwoerdburg), Vise-Hoo{' 1975' Brits

Mar6 J A G (Lid Nr sa+ollt5ni' r<oitJge van zoet-oetano - voordestet vir die U B in 1968

Mare J c s, 43' T P A (Pa;;-li;)iiounLu'g' Admrn-Beampte' 1970' Ermelo

Mare J P. 40, AlaskawegTsetcourt"Onderwyser. l964' Ermelo

Mard P H c. 40, P/A s.t;;K'g;;Joip' wvrso-estuurder' 1969' Magaliesburg

Mare P L, 44, Millerstraat Nelspruit' Prokureur' 1976 Witbank

Mfrt" n. gS Geref Kerk Empangeni' Predrkant ,l

977' Potchetstroom

rtir|.." ",

is A"erehael esJ uiattxuppy Ficksburg' 1 964' Brandfort

M;;;; A J B, Bestuurst<omitee Middelburg Tvl' 1963

Maree A O S, 3T, ple fauna l' otorvervoirmaatskappy Johannesburg' Bestuurder"l970

N;;;;; e 6 i,ot"utu.n rir"into"J' Skakel vir vakansiesaamlrek' 1964

M;;;; c M', 30, s*it',t Tweelrng' Boe(' 1977 --M;,;; D B, 30, verblvden Bultfontein' Boer' 1964

Maree D J, 33, Seunskosnuii Senekat Onderwyser' 1975' Winburg

Maree G de K, Voormaliqe L V

Maree G du P,32, pZn iitltan Rpk Pretoria' Rekenmeester' 1974' Klerksdorp

Maree H O, 28, Onderwyt-fof i"gtit"tona' Dosent' 1967' Potchefstroom

Maree J,38. De Hoop De Rust Boer' 19/lMaree J F, 40, Voortreknlt*lei it"orbisdali Landnou Tegniese Dienste' Snr Navor

Beampte, 1977, WarmbaduJ,!" j-c, ptuat teen Nusas op 1965 Bondsraad.

Maree J J, 31 , Simonstr,,i s'/ 5"ih"r7S A.Polisie' sersant' 1977' Durban

Maree J P, 33, Strombe'g?rJlt"M;ii;'idrrft' Hoenderboer' 1970' Marquard

Maree L M, Ondersreun lfr Besignede-Bondsraad 1966

Maree M D, 34 P/A vofritxo'i"iriogano Aetntenem Adiunkhoof lgT3 Virginia

Maree p H,26. p /A frf O'X"ir, X"rniri Verkeerdevtei. Ond-erwyser, 1965 Virginia

vf"i"" p.l'H, L-io van dL U R se Landbou Komitee in 1973

Maree R P,33, P/A rtr Ci"iotL Crabouw' Predikant' 1974' Botrivier

Maree W A, Praat oor Kleurlinge by 1971 se Bondsraad

Maree W L, 41 , P/A N G Xert<"persburo Pretoria'..Direkteur' 1968

Maritz A W A. 31 , St""nO'oi<n"oo|,n p[Cf

"n Lyon (Niekerkshoop)' Boer' 1973' Postmasburg

Hauriii n W A M, 41, Con6 Postmasburg' Boer' 1969

Maritz C J,32,p U ",|.6"U'd

poiineisirborlSolomonstraat 5, Lektor, 1971, Pretoria

Marrtz G M, 47, Cullinait" Gt"xoof Ong,erhool-1966' Bronkhorstspruit

M;,ii; G M S, 31 Roodekrans ohrigstad' Boer' 1968

Maritz G N, 33, Hoersxool Colesber:g' Onderwyse-r' 1967' Reivilo

vra,iii C S' 39, Onderplaas Fraserburg' Boer' 1976

v"titi J G, 3s, Btomxool Brandvlei K P' Boer' 1973

Maritz J H, 33, Hartoee-snii XennarOt' Onderwyser' 1969' Kaapstad

A72

ss:1966

)-3

3::s:969

'9-:

Maritz J H, 38, Hudab Karasburg, Boer, 1975Maritz L I ! 49 Blouktip pK pa;kuil nio"i, igos, criekwastadMaritz L S. 29, p/A S A Spoorwee Atoemtonte,n,'XLrk, 1967Marrtz P, 26, Montweq z crahamstad/unireisiieii nnodes, Dosent, i970, BroemfonteinMarirz P N 39' p/A slnekar Landbou i;"iM;;'Hoofbesruurder rgT4. FicksburgMaritz W J, 35, p/A Geref

.pastorrefroriJufi"riLls, preoifani lgOg, p.ryr'".",Maritz w J B, 31, Grobrerstraat sa springionleinTSuio-vrystaat Vreiskodp, Besruurder,

1 970, VryburgMarnitz H J 36 Rioweg 6 Blairgowrie/SAUK, Omroeper, 1976, RandburgMarnitz H p (Lrd Nr 51641 Dire[teur u"n orurrntriax - voorgester vir die u R in 196gMarnirz H p, voormatige Redakreur

".n o[ v.Juil]_,0Ivlarren A J w,34, p/A Handersmerxatoetrng Re;[randr Hoof 1969, JohannesburgMars P W, 46, Jasmvnsrraat 4 Ftoridapark Vef.puifi., 1976, OntdekkersMartrns HermanMartins P v d M, 3r, Kritzingerstraal 223 Sarieshoek, onderwyser, 1g71, vorksruslMartjns Theo f, Boer en L U K Volksrusf _ V"org..i"l vir die U R in 1968Martinson J H, 38. N G pastorre Booysen, preOif."ant 1966, NylstroomMarx C S,35, Hoerskoot postmasbuig, Stoofnooi, i'g05, NoupoorlMarx G J B, 28, Louwstraat 29 Rouxvltte, O"O.*Vi"r 1967, BrandfortMarx P D, 36, p/A Alusat RichardsOaa,, proOrf,siJ-esst,

f SZS VirginiaMarx P J 30 Brakpan Wolmaransstad eouilglT '

Matthee c F 32, N G pastorie stuaerheim, predikant, 1 96g. weza port shepstoneMatthee C J, 38. Nuweiaarskraat Bietbron. Boei iijO+. KaapstadMatthee D J, 38, p/A Munisipariteir xempion-e"rxtn,. Adm Asst, i968, EdenvareMatthee J A, 37, Dorosiostraat 1g Steilenboscn, piot"ssor, 1974, Bonnievare,?l:ff"1J +q, pellsirair 41 Beaconbaai ooi LonJ"nzs e sa ir,vul.r,..i"-n, r gzo, por,t

Matthee L A, 37, Volkskas eueenslown, Bestuurder, 1965, BritsMatthee p J, 48, Hodrskoot Fochvilte, piorriuri, lij)6, pierermaritzburgMatthiae U F A, 41, Sonskyn pK Orchard, eoli'rSJZ TouwsrivierMauley J P, 41, Huis Nr 10 Koegasbrrg, Onder*y! er /eoer,i Sii, Horr"yr.Meier J H H. 33 p/A Eendrachrie raeisrooi i'r,6Jihoor. rs72. JohannesburoMeinties J H, 51, 2osrelaan 897 Rietfoniein p,"t.*,'Ci.O"i;;;i;ffi'""""',,,il,li;J.t 42, p /A Generar Minins & reoerare rralnoo, x,usersoo,p, Sekreraris, 1 e75,

Meintjies D du B,30, Chelsearylaan 3 Durban_Noord, Apteker, 1g65, Vrvheid,"dll,:i;:; 3r, Mirit.re Basii xmomi.pu p.,t'Eir.o.i,i, ii.p,Li."i i'vwJelr"g r szo,Meintjies G p, 41, p/A Laerskoot Grootvlei, Skoolhoof, 1969, WelverdiendMeintjies J P, 37, Karerstraal 5-Der Judor wiiornr, b-no"r*yser, 1974, BronkhorstspruitMeiring A E,32, Vredeslraar 16 Matmesbrrt, O;;;;yser, ls7s, parowMeiring A G S, Voormalioe Direkteur urn O'nO"i*Vr'irrpMeirins D H, 27. pK ForiHa;e

-s;;-1.r,t","i'g"ot'6L"rn,on,"tn

Meiring F J 46 Magaliesbergse Tabakpfanteo Xoop Arits, Sekretaris, j965Meirrng G c. 32, skoorkoshuis phiripstow. sroorno5l. 1975. MosserbaaiMeiring H R, 39, Honingktoof (esteit, eo"r, igis, efo"mtonreinMeiring J G v G, 32, s-A Beserwebanx pretoria, tweeoe nsst lg65, sterenboschMeiring J J, 36, Ferreistraat piel Retief, St."n-.f,"ilig65, WakkerstroomMeiring J W H, 28, K W V Suider-paari, Rssr S"r,i"i"ri, Ig65, SteltenboschMeiring p J, 46, C6 oudesrad crobrersoai doer'i67j, er,it,Meiring P t,32, prA Vorkskas Bpk sreynsourj hei"ire"sr"r, 1969, potchefstroomMeisenhott F S, 35, N O K JohannerOrrg, Nir'"rr"i,"i goa, n"ir,Mentz J H W, 38, Onverwacht Louwsbert, Ao"iZS"l"ran, .t

965, UtrechtMentz N J,41, Tvlse Onderwys Buro preioria, VaflrnOige 1965, Volksrustlvlenti.P_K,-fl G pasrorie, Ker'ksrraat OO M,OO"rOrig'laap, eredikanr, r962Y"V V J,?9,1/\ Krygsruigraad preroria, Sun Var-k Al"rpte (pers), 1975, SilverronMeyer A C. 3_0 Etandsparklkool Boksburg, OnO"inoot 1964, DullstroomMeyer A J J, p/A Santam Beilviile, Snr Ae;m;telsi.["r.1, 1976, S W AMeyer A M' 22, Louis Trichardtstraar sor"irSr-bbr, Asst Landdros, 1965, UitenhageMeyer A S, (Lid Nr 3090), MatmesOurylWesi 6rarnto.r", Bestuurder

A73

Meyer B, 39, N G Pastorie Beaufort-Wes, Predikant, 1975, OmaruruMeyer B C,44, Uitkyk PK Leeuklip, Boer, 1967, Middelburg TvlMeyer C M W,40, P/A S A Polisie Theunrssen, Konstabel, l966Meyer l, 37, Horison Dameskoshuis G O K Johannesburg, Dosent, 1977, WitbankMeyer G M, 27, Meyerton Outjo, Boer, 1966Meyer H C, 34, Poplarstraat 93 Drie Riviere/P/A Laerskool Historia Vanderbijlpark, Vise-

Hoof, 1975, VereenigingMeyer H R, 25, Damfontern Laingsburg, Boer, 1970Meyer I (lzak) (Lid Nr 8410), Seun van Piet MeyerMeyerMeyer

A, Ondersekretaris '1 965A, 26, Hoerskool Helpmekaar Johannesburg, Onderwyser, 1 964

I

Meyer lA,30, P/A Unie Staalkorporasie Vereenrging, Asst Bedryfsing, 1965, NylstroomMeyer J, 36, P/A Palabora Mining co Phalaborwa, Sekuriteitsbeampte, l977, VentersposMeyer J A,29, Villa Campanulla No 7 Stellenbosch, Onderwyser, 1973, TulbaghMeyer J B W, 38, Kantoor van die Eerste Minister Pretoria, Privaatsekretaris, 1967Meyer J C,36, P/A Dept Nie-Blankesake Munisipaliteit Nigel, Werkevoorman, 1968,

Middelburg TvlMeyer J de J,42, Krugerstraat'1 7 Mount Pleasant Port Elizabeth, Onderwyser, 1970,

AlbertinalVeyer J E, 34, P /A Sanlam Graaff -Reinet, Wyksbestuurder, 1967, PotchefstroomMeyer J G, 48, Palmietkuil Devon, Boer, 1974Meyer J H, 40, P/A Laerskool Tjaart V/D Walt Porl Elizabeth, Onderhoof, 1968, GeorgeMeyer J H, 37, Pastorieslraat Alexandria, Geneesheer, 1964, Port ElizabethMeyer J J S,46, Samancor Bestuursdienste Polgietersrus, Mynsekretaris, 1975,

JohannesburgMeyer J P C, 43, Eben Swemmerskool Preloria, Vrse-Hool, 1964, HeidelbergMeyer J S, 46, P/A Onderwyskollege Bloemfontein, Dosent, 1968, PretoriaMeyer J W, 41, Von Abostraat Bothaville, Geneesheer, 1972Meyer L J, 28, Van der Horst Koshuis Wolmaransstad, Onderwyser, 1964, BronkhorstspruitMeyer L W,27, N G Pastorie Bergville, N G Predikant, 1971, HarrismithMeyer M. 42, Susanna Reitz, Onderwyser/Boer, 1966, Petrus SteynMeyer M G J,32, P/A Laerskool Thornton, Onderhoot, 1967, PaarlMeyer M J, 40, P /A Veiligheidspolisie Pretoria, Majoor, 1969, KaapstadMeyer P F, 32, P / A Hoerskool Hans Strydom Naboomspruit, Onderwyser, l 963, MelkrivierMeyer P J (Lid Nr 787), Voorsitter S A U K JohannesburgMeyer P J,40, Barkerstraat 2BB Kokstad/S A Polisie, Luitenant, 1970, WelkomMeyer P J S, 43, "Vaalbank" Winterton, Boer, 1967, LadysmithMeyer B F v d W, 30, Doringrug Humansdorp, Boer, 1964Meyer S F, 35, P/A Volkskas Bpk Prieska, Rekenmeester, l968, PatensieMeyer T (Lid Nr 1348), Bothaville Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968, Boer/Geneesheer, 1968Meyer T F, 37, Elandsvlei Bothaville, Boer, 1976, Schweizer-RenekeMeyer T W S, Johannesburg - Praat oor Rolprenle by 1 965, BondsraadMeyer W, 49, Dis-Al Gobabis, Boer, 1966Meyer W C,33, P/A SA Weermag Bloemfontein, Majoor, 1968, RouxvilleMills B,46, P/A Dept van Vervoer Pretoria, Ondersekretaris, lg68, DullstroomMills J H T (Lid Nr 4065), Sekretaris van Finansies Umtata Transkei - Voorgestel vir die U R

in 1968 'Minnaar A G, 39, P/A Hoerskool Fauresmith, Onderwyser, 1975, EdenburgMinnaar A P, 32, Shipleyweg 5 Nigel, Onderwyser, 1970, DelmasMinnaar J R, 35, Panorama Kiepersol, Boer, 1971Minnaar P, 38, P/A RAU Johannesburg, Bibilotekaris, 1976, DurbanMinnaar P A, Posbus 9801 Johannesburg - Amptenaar van die AB 42.76Minnaar W N,37, Mediese Sentrum 410 Krugersdorp, Geneesheer, 1967, PretoriaMinnie A P,47, S A Polisie Groblersdal, Offisier, 1976, PotchelstroomMischke E v H E, SA U K Johannesburg, Kosteberekenaar, l965, HobhouseN/itchell J F,37, Hiekertstraat B Ontdekkerspark/K O P, Handelbestuurder, l971,

RustenburgMocke C H, 32, Afdelingsraad Kenhardt, Sekretaris, 1964, Citrusdall/ocke H 4,35, P/A Efataskool vir Blindes Umtata, Hoof, 1969, RustenburgMoll J C, 28, U O V S Bloemfonlein, Dosent, 1965

474

Moller c A, 34, p /A L M Nywerhede Bothavire, Bestuurder, 1967, crocoranl,loller 9 J 38 Deputasiestraar gB Vryheid, Onderwyser, 1973Molter F J, 42, Soutoansdrrft pK Brrts, O"J"*v."i,'isz5, CarotinaMoiler G S J, (Lid Nr 4083), Srerrennoscrr"%"Gi"r vir die U R in 1968, predikanrMoller H F, 36, Kerkstraat t30 Strand,-R"f".rB"rt.r l964, WelkomMdller H F S, 36 Waverley Wotseley, bo"r)ff .nO'Jf ur, I gOSMotler J, 40. Landboudienste Bpk O"*uGjorp, Suklman, 1964, ErmetoMciller J L, 30, Telewarrenstraai 20 New A"OIrtnJf"Ourton, Veearts, 1923Moller J p, 39, p/A B S B- Trompsbrrg V"rt"";*ooioiger, tSO9, CeresMciller J p M, 33, Cambe*weg a'O VarriarraJS n W;;;rrg Offisier, t971, OudrshoornN,4oller J V 46. Btakely p. S <"uruman g""r-1 gOg""rvlorrer H U. 32. Kerkstraal, prinS Albert _Onderwyset. 1974. JankempdorpN/otler P D S. 45 pratvtei LichtenOurg eoei r 966-Motter p du T,36, patrvsktoof pX Oe"Gi Wor"J.iur, Boer, 1976, WorcesterMoller w, 31, p/A Votks*oot Goedemoed oo,, eri*ullr.roord, skoorhoof, r g68, BroemfonteinMoiler w c A, 34, p/A Hoerskoor A "r xoen ei"i;n"t onderhoof, 1 967, potchefstroomMoller W C A,32,3Ostelaan 780 Villieria pr"tor* f,rleO Student, .,927,

AlbertonMonnig H O (Dr), Lid van die Ufi se fegniese &*'Natuurwetenskap in 1973Monnig H O, 43, Richmondraan 3g Auckrinoprrt "roninnesburg, profess or,1g71, pretoriaMoor E,39, p/A Vereenroing Brick & fif" VfV, W"ri.testuurder, 1963, KaapstadMoorman A r,2e, pre s e_6-ai.l:!;;;r!*r'Slperintenoenr rsdz,iola,i,iesou,sMoolman H C, 44, Brjlsedam van Wyksvtei, eo"i, igOS

Mootman H J,41, SA S & H 41 SAS a irT"lrsitrp regnrrus, 1964, BtoemhofMoorman H J (Lid Nr 6875) EanostonLrn v""rg".t"r vir die U R in 1g68, sakemanlvloolman H J, Lid van dje U R se Jeugkomit;;r;;l\,4oolman H J, 49, Constantia Vitloensf<"roon,'Aour, i"9OS, HarrjsmjthMoolman J G, 34, N G pastorie bueensto*n, Fieaik"ant, 1968, LusakaMoolman J J, 40, pK N/elmoth, Boer, 1972, fr,,itr..

-Moolman J N, 28, S A Lugmag xaapstao, seriini, t soa, priestaMoorman J p F,33, Unive]sitelt van'die r.roo,0" s.u*ga, Dosent, 1g73, pretoriaMoolman J S, 36, Borderstraat t g xroonstad/t-to"rrxoor, onderwyser, 1g72, LadybrandMootman L, 37, N G pasrorie Vishoek, pdk."ilil;, MatmesburyMoolman L A du T, 35, standertonse HoerstooisianiJrtor,-w", skoorhof, 1977, MeyerronMoolman W A, 52, Connanstraat Carnarvon, nr.ienJ" Boer, 1g74, Mariental,LJi,$jj;.2, Dept onderwys Kuns a w"t pi"i"r", tnspekieur vrxopriiling, tgoo,tt"t9rt9t

f ^t{.+0, Breyerraan 41 waverrey/s A B s pretoria, Voorrigter Nas produktiwiteits

lnsti, 'l 977, LichtenburoMorkel H J T, 46, Muirwjo 27 Rondebosch, Narkotiseur, 1973, WinburgMorket H M, 45, Smutsstriat Gobabis/S A p.f

"i",'fr,fr;"or, 1973, BrakpanMorkel J D, 44, p I A Midde jbare Skoot van Wyr<sviei Loot, r SOOMorrison.G d V (Lid Nr 4078), Cradock _ Voirrt"sr"i vir die U R in i968, L VMostert A J 31 Kakamas. Onderwyser, f gOS, ir""^.

Mosterr C w, 39, p/A Theron v/d ioet & kl" x*p.Lo, ouditeur, 1965l\,4ostert F J, 32, S A potisie Windhoek, Xrp"Lrn-ig"Oi, petrusviileMostert G C! 41, Garies, Boer/W"f,.ro,jrrin, isii'Mostert H J G, 33, Sullivan Elq,f^"gr,roninn"rOurj Keletmaker, 1967, Matmesburylvlostert J, 29, Eastwoodstraat 222 Arcadii pi"t*ii Beampte B V S, i975, BloemfonteinMostert J A, 30, Uitsig Bultfontein, Boer, tgZ2-'- -' -'Mostert J C, 45, Rooivtei pK Grootmist, A,ier, lglZ, port NollothMostert J P, 37, N G Sendingpastorie EmpangenilieOikrnt, 1967, LouwsbergMostert J S, 39, p/A Ho6rst<oot Carotina,b.O?n""i, ]g64, ZeerustMostert L J, 35, p/A S A potisie Xeimoes nO1_6mS"r, r gt4,prctoriaMostert S H G,34, p/A Detmas Koo, B;k e6Jtrrio;i Nywerheid en ontw, 1975,BethlehemMoulder J E, 48, platkliofontein Dist pietersburg, Boer/Onderwyser, 1g74Mouton a, 33, Berostraar 3

_Linden_t,itbi Oii"kf,rrli9il, JohannesburgYgrlon f.o 1r_io rrt-r 7704). Fraserbu,s B;r-i'gl"i "'Mouton H J. 38, Kolkie Tweeting, Ao;r. tSZO

---Mouton J A, 39, Kerkstraat eOeiOeen/Vot*rt * Bestuurder, 1g70, Malmesbury

,68

SiroCm:erspos

475

I

Mouton J c, 34, Moffatstraat 57 Warmbad/Landbou Tegn Dienste, Tegn Beampte, l970Pienaarsrivier

Mouton J D,45, Dept Waterwese Pretoria, Eerste Adm Beampte, 1965, Stellenbosch

Mouton J P,35 P/A Dept Volkswelsyn en Pensroene Pretoria, Adm Asst, l968Mouton L E, 40, P/A Parow-Oos Motors, Motorhandelaar, 1974, Upington

Mouton M M, 30, Kriedouwkrans Citrusdal' Boer, 1976

Mouton N V,31, P/A Oranjerivierwynkelders/Keimoes, Bestuurder/wynmaker, 1977,

PaarlMouton P'1, 30, W L Ochse & Kie Johannesburg, Direkteur, 1966

Mouton T H J,30, Tygerbergstraat 20 Vrijzee Goodwood, onderhool, I976, Goodwood

Mouton W L (Prof), Rektor U O V S BloemlonteinMudge P S, 32, Bynadaar Otiiwarongo, Boer, I964

-Muldir A H, gZ, p lA Gerel Kerk lnnesdal Pretoria, Predikant, 1973, Louis Trichardt

Mulder A H,28, Geref Paslorie Mopanistraat Randtontein, Predikant, 1971, Frankfort

Mulder A H,39, P/A Sanlam Port elizabeth, Verteenwoordiger/9oer,1974Mulder C F, 33, P/A Hodrskool Sannieshof, Vise-Hoof, 1973, Pietersburg

Mulder C P (Lid Nr 4750), Minister van Plurale Betrekkinge - Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968

(Randfontein)Mulder F E, 40. Volkskas - Edenville, Bestuurder' 1966, Pretoria

Mulder H P P (Manie), Wes-Randse Bantoesake - Admrnistrasieraad

Mulder J c, aa, Hoer seunskool Helpmekaar Johannesburg, onderhoof, l 966, Brits

Mulder M S, 32, Cloetestraat 84 Ermelo, Onderwyser, 1965, Pretoria

Mulder M W, 43, Voortrekker Winkels Bethal, Asst Bestuurder, 1970, Ogies

Mulder P F S,29, P/A Prov Vissery lnst Lydenburg, Hoof, 1974, Potchefstroom

Muller A L, 35, P/A Sanlam Bellville, Uitv Beampte, l967, Johannesburg

Muller A M, 35, Klipbank Brandfort, Boer, 1967

Muller c, 31 , Piet Retiefstraat 39 Standerton, Apteker, 1975, Warden

Muller c J, 37, P I A Direktoraat van Burgerlike Beskerming Pretoria, Adm Beampte, 1969

Kempton ParkMuller b M, 57, p/A Dept Handel en Nywerheid Pretoria, Staatsamaptenaar, I968

Muller C P, 33, Chattan Humansdorp, Boer, 1969, Salisbury

Muller D v d 8,41 , P/A S A Polisie Vereeniging, Kaptein, I967, Durban

Muller E C C, 41, Dewetstraat 69 Horison/G O K, Dosent, 1970, Potchefstroom

Muller E R, 40, Vygielaan Flamieda Klerksdorp, Vise-Hoof, 1974, Ottosdal

Muller G L (Jr), 36, Lovedale Lindley, Boer, 1964

Muller Hilgard (Lid Nr 3380), Voormalige Minister v-an Buitelandse Sake

Multer H d,41, Theron v/d Poel & Kie Kaapstad, Ouditeur, 1964, Riviersonderend

Muller H w,29,PlA Nas Bouvereniging Bloemfontein, onderbestuurder, 1968, Port

ElizabethMuller H W S, 40, Volkskas Marquard, Bestuurder, 1967, Pretoria

Muller J A 43 P/A Die Gevangenis christiana, opperbewaarder, 1968, Kroonstad

Muller J A, 33, Uitkyk Bultfontein, Boer, 1974

Muller J A, 41, Skadudal Herbertsdale, Boer, 1974

Mtiller J C,29, ReginatOweg 29 Primroseheuwel, N G Predikant, 1977' Nigel

Muller J J F, 46, e7R Hoor legn skool Benoni' Onderwyser' l 969, Saldanha

MullerJJP,32,NHPastorieBronkhorstspruit,Predikant,l9T3,PretoriaMuller J J v d L (Lid Nr 7690), Duiwelskloof S A Polisie, Sersant, 1962

Muller J L, 34, PiA Stadsraad Orkney, Klerk van die raad, 1976, Kempton Park

Muller J P, 32, Hoer Tegniese Skool Ficksburg, Onderwyser, I973Muller J R, 2Gt, P lA Laeiskool H F Verwoerd Kimbertey, Onderwyser, 1968, Wolseley

Muller M J, 27, De cypher Carnarvon, Boer, l977Muller N C, 29, Cradockstraat 104, Graaff-Reinet' Prokureur, 1966, Kaapstad

Muller P, 35 P/A Landdroskantoor Fouriesburg, Landdros, 1 974, Alexandria

Muller P H, StellenboschMuller P J,39, S A VIoot Simonstad, Luit-Kommandeur, 1963, Saldanha

Muller P J, 47, Laerskool Hangklip Queenslown, Hoof, 1965, Cathcart

Muller R T,31, P/A Union Coipoiation Evander, Personeelbeampte, 1969, Springs

Muller S L, Minister van VervoerMuiler T F (Lid Nr 351 1 ), Yskor Johannesburg - voorgestel vir die U- R in 1 968

Munnik A C gZ, pln N G Pastorie M6regloed Pretoria, Predikant, 1964

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u:l::;[ili:;rkru.u:,qT:{[:,ffi l.Jr].t[x*il#id;i:&",n"westdene '- / ''-""nrsarls - Genl virLebowawasgereeldeskaker

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l,f .rq9 I J. 38, Broemhof Bichmond K p. Boer, 196s

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:tti':"""#?[*#.',IJ;',;::ili:l'H:T:l;ffi n':,:,1'"1?.:;'#I/l?.n,",Naude B, Timberonstraat g paart /QL-L^| h.. 6^^, ,

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nalnl p)"0i,["J,, 1 s68 preroria

lruSiy"x;le1ilJii.i.T;,[:::"1'.?'."*f,',?l;lJi;1,1,?;i,l,t:t:,,Naude s J (Ljd Nr 788). Saakletastigde van N G Kerk _van die U n se etonomlr. xoniit"" iri;iidt};"\l,l van die U R 1 e64 & t s65 - Lid

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Naude S J, 25, Kollegelaan .l Bloemfontein, Prokureur, 1963Naude S M (Dr) (Lid Nr 2033), W N N R Pretoria Wetenskaplikle Advisuer vir Eersle Minister,

PresidentNaude W I J, 47, P lA Yskor Pretoria, Sweiser, 1968Naude W L E, 41, Reitzstraat 29 Vrede, Apteker, 1 967, HeilbronNeethling D A, 34, Swerwerskraal PK Limburg, Boer/Veearts, 1972, PotgietersrusNeethling I, 37, Mountarnviewsingel 15 Durbell Durbanville, Sakeman, 1977, Parow-NoordNeethling J A, 30, Rondefontein Smithfield, Boer, 1975Neethling J C (Dr), Depl van Landbou, Snr Amptenaar, 1973Neethling J M, 30, Swerwerskraal PK Limburg, Boer, 1966, PotgietersrusNeethling M de V, 30, Herschellstraat 109 Strand, lngenaeur, 1968, KlipdaleNeethling S W,41, Dept Landbou Preloria/PlA Minister v Landbou, Privaat Sekrelaris,

197 4Nel A,39, P/A Dept Aardrykskunde Univ van Stellenbosch, Prolessor, 1963, WorcesterNel B M, 37, Dahlialaan 1 10 Doringkloof Verwoerdburg, Navorsingsbeampte Sabra, 1977.

SwazilandNel C, 27, Sendingpastorie Philipstown, Sendeling, 1965, KeimoesNel C H, 35, Leniana PK Messina, Onderwyser, 1972Nel C J, 32,PlA U O V S Bloemfontejn, Snr Lektor, 1968, HertzogvilleNel C J,39, P/A Senekal Landbou Kocip, Hoofbestuurder, 1976, PretoriaNel C P,45,P/A Meyer Nel & Kie Bellville, Prokureur, 1963, WellingtonNel D P, 37, Hagilla Vierlontein, Boer, 1967Nel D H, 43, Leeukuil 56 Sannieshof, Boer, 1 966, RietspruitNel D S, 28, P /A Hotjrskool Vanderbijlpark, Onderwyser, 1967Nel E P, 31, Rondawel Brandforl, Boer, 1970Nel F, 30, Drakensberg Boekh (Edms) Bpk/Sakabulalaan 1 Yellowwood Park Durban,

Bestuurder, 1 977, MatatieleNel F D, 44, Duinekraal Grootlontein, Boe(,1977, CalvrniaNel F v V,37,Willow Terrace 12 Benoni/Van Aswegen Brs, Direkteur, 1976, PretoriaNel G, 37, S A Polisie Roodepoort, Speurder, 1965, KrugersdorpNel G H,34, Lutherstraat 22 Windhoek/S A Polisie, Werwingsoflisier, 1977, MafekingNel G S,30, Kinderoord mir Smit Ugie, Onderwyser/Huisvader, 1972, DordrechtNel H du P, 41 , P lA Mieliebeheerraad Pretoria, Adm Beampte, 1964, FicksburgNel H J,41 ,PlA Maricodraaiskool PK Derdepoort, Skoolhoof, l969, PretoriaNel H J,44, Kujam Pofadder, Boer, 1971Nel H W,30, Maskewstraat 45 Rowhill Springs, Geneesheer, 1971, PretoriaNel J, 38, P/A Nas Suiwelkooperasre Wesselsbron, Bestuurder, 1976, HeilbronNel J A, 36, Tambotiestraat 4 Newcastle, Supt Poskantoor, 1 974, EslcourtNel J A, 31, Sonop PK Hertzog, Boer, 1 969Nel J A C, 29, Fanthorpeweg 213 Mondeor/Winchester Ridge Skool, Adjunk-Hoof, 1976

JohannesburgNel J C,36, Boshoffstraat 48 Linton Grange, Skoolhoof, 1967, VryburgNel J F, 37, Seunskoshuis Parys, Onderwyser, 1975, De AarNel J G, 29, George Stegmann-Hospitaal Saulspoort, Sekretaris, 1964, LichtenburgNel J H, 35, D F Malanrylaan 201 Northclifle Johannesburg, Sakeman/Uitv Beampte

(Overvaal Melkvervoer), 1 977Nel J H, 33, Randfontein Estates Goudmyn, Skofbaas, 1965Nel J H, 28, P / A Landbou Koop Vanrhynsdorp, Rekenmeester, l 967, WorcesterNel J J, 40, P /A Volkskas Bpk Edenville, Bestuurder, 1970, BritsNel J J,38, P/A Poskantoor Trompsburg, Posmeester, 1976, AlexanderbaaiNel J J, 45, Agstestraat BB Walvrsbaai, Majoor/Distrikskommandant, 1971, WindhoekNel J L, 30, S A Polisie Barkly-Oos, Adi-Olfisier, 1976Nel J R, 30, Meisieskoshuis Leliehof, Onderwyser, 1977, TweelingNel J S,36, P/A Die Boere Kocip Versekeringsmaatskappy Paarl, Bestuurder, 1967,

MalmesburyNel J v d L,47,PlA Hoer Handelskool Uttenhage, Skoolhool, 1970, ReiviloNel J W, 33, Gimnasium Hoeirskool Polchefstroom, Onderwyser, 1969, BloemfonteinNel L A, 29, Doornsloot Vaalwater, Boer, 1974, MelkrivierNel L A,40, N H Pastorie Volksrust, N H Predikant, 1972, EllisrasNel L C, 38, Saambou Pretoria, Ontwikkelingsbestuurder, 1965, Johannesburg

A78

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itq.ry A, s4. p/Ar,.i"""tu skool Pietermaritzour! Hoot r'goJ]il,"n"rr,roo,Ner w A s' ;o 'i;i;iJ;::":rs Prov Hosprtaat' Gen

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ilr;ffi tstllj-i*l[.H,-';1ffi f.,;5d1lf*1",:fi #H;:,*Komitee 1973 --Hr vvrrrssrruKapsoou - Lid van die U H r" B"plann,ng,

llj:i3!q r.r.rs, S A S & H pietermartzburs, Kerermr\remandt A D, 46, Wonde

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Nieuwoudt D J, 37, Dept Mynwese Alexanderbaai, Werktuigkundige, 1965, VanVan Rhynsdorp

Nieuwoudt E, 41 , P lA X O K Oos-Londen, Sekretaris, 1974, UmtataNieuwoudt E A, 31, Norbreck-Gebou 306 Tramwaystraat Kenilworth, Prokureursklerk,

1 972, JohannesburgNieuwoudt E H W, 35, P/A S A Weermag Pretoria, Kommandant, 1975, UpingtonNieuwoudt G, 33, l2elaan 17 Dagamapark Simonstad, Luit-Komdr, 1967, SaldanhaNiewoudt G G, 47, Staatsdelwery Alexanderbaai, Magasynmeester, 1964, ClanwilliamNieuwoudt G S, 41 P/A Bantoebewysburo Pretoria, Vingerafdrukdeskundige 1968Nieuwoudt J, 36, Pigeonrylaan 3 Yellowwood Durban/PHK, Klerk Personeelafd, 1971,

PietermarilzburgNieuwoudt J A F, 31 , Derryweg 4 Rondebosch, Teologiese Sludent, 1974, WellingtonNieuwoudt J J. 46, Vlootkollege Gordonsbaai, Kaptein, 1974, VishoekNieuwoudt J J, 48, Poplarlaan 18 Thornton/Prof Hosp Dienste Kaapstad, lngenieur, .l

970.Klawer

Nreuwoudt K J,28, P/A S A Reserwebank Pretoria, Noteklerk, 1973, PretoriaNieuwoudl M M, 41, P/A N G Kerkkantoor Windhoek, Saakgelastigde, 1968, OfliwarongoNieuwoudl R W J, 37, Pres Sleynstraat 27 Upington, Rekenmeesler, F C U, 1 973, KarasburgNigrini L M 28, Hoerskool Hopetown, Onderwyser, 1967, VaalhartsNoeth J G, 41, Merino PK Vanzylsrus, Boer, I969N6ffke C F, 39, Die Transvaler Johannesburg, Redakteur, 1 969, LondenNolte C B, 32, P lA Dept van Kultuursake Kimberley, Skakelbeampte, 1969, De AarNolte G E,37, Kleinfontein PK Groot Marico, Onderwyser,1972, Heidelberg TvlNolte J H,40, De Rust PK Windmeul, Boer, 1969, PaarlNolte J v d L,37, Kingfisherlaan 99 Elspark, Elsburg, Adiunk-Hoo,, 1976, AlbertonNorthnagel J A, 41 Elandsfontein Grasmere, Diamantslyper, 1968Nortier D J, 36, Goedhartsingel 8 Bloemfontein, Prokureur, 1975, WorcesterNortier W du T, 40, Vredelaan Ladismith K P, Skoolhoof , 1977, HerbertsdaleNortje A C L, 37, Volkskool Rheederpark Welkom, Skoolhool, 1968, Somerset-OosNortje E P, 39, S A Polisie Stellenbosch, Speurdersersant, 1966, OudtshoornNortje D H, 33, Swartslraat 13 Nylstroom, Onderhoof, 1973, PotgietersrusNortj6 J D, 34, Van Zylstraat T2Brandlotl, Skoolhoof, 197.1 , BloemfonteinNortje J H, 39, Vaalwater Fraserburg, Boer, 1964Nortje N 2,39, Danie Theronstraal 182 Preloria-Noord, Skakelbeampte U P, 1976Nortj6 H, 32, Greylingstraat Harrismith, Apteker, 1963, BethulieNortle S J, 38, P/A V Rensburg Boukontrakteurs/Camellordweg 18 New Redruth Alberton

Boekhouer/Besluurder, 1977, JohannesburgNortjd W, 38, P/A Volkskas Odendaalsrus, Bestuurder, 1963, BritsNorval C D, 32, Stillerus Adelaide, Boer, 1964Northnagel A E, 28, P/A Adj-Minister van Banloesake & Ontwikkeling Pretoria,

Privaalsekrelaris, .l 967

Nothnagel A J, 40, Horakstraat 27 Denneburg PaarllLaerskool Drakenstein, Skoolhoof.1976, Somerset-Wes

Nolhnagel D C, 41, P/A S A Polisie Keimoes, Adi-Oftisier, 1968, Ariamsvlei S W ANotley P, 31 , P lA Noordskool Sasolburg, Onderhoof, 1969, Heilbron

oObbes T J, 32, Barnardostraat I Kimberley, Prokureur, 1973, JohannesburgOberholster A G, 38, Coghillweg 78 Lynnwood Glen, Navorser-R G N, 1976, BloemlonteinOberholster A J, 30, De Villiersspruit PK Hamab, Boer, 1967, KarasburgOberholster E L P,28, Kuruman, N G Predikant, 1966, StellenboschOberholsterJJ(LidNr4444),Prolessor-UOVSBloem,ontern-VoorgestelvirdieURir

1 968Oberholzer D S, 27, Voortrekkerstraat Nieuwoudtville, Sakeman, 1968, CalviniaOberholzer G J, 36, Gordonweg 81 Northclifi Johannesburg, Adjunk-Hoof, 1976Oberholzer J C, 33, P/A Hoerskool Outjo, Onderhoof, 1969, GobabisOberholzer J F, 32, PK Marken Oor Potgietersrus, Geneesheer, 1963, Groot MaricoOberholzer J H, 46, Hoolstraat Tsumeb, Sakeman, 1966, KanoneilandOberholzer J P (Lid Nr 7402), Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968, Predikant, Pretoria

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odendaar A c' 31 piA Munsipatrie,,'[ro"onr,.o rnlerne Ouditeur. 1968, LindreyodendaarA D, 3e p,1q A s 6"J,virjiijoilln"rous Krerk. 1ez4 Durbanodendaal C H, 34 Lri,_.11oo-1.yrg*i;;""il; F;.,;rra onderhoor, te66odendaar D c, 3s ca.s1i!s px in"r"r,iri., dJJi ,go, Carhcart

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:iiltutt' P J 45, Pikkewynlaan i5 Monumenrpark pretoria, Asst Direkteur Bepranning,

Oelofse A N, 27. Nuwestraal 4 Dordrecht. prokureur, 1964oerorse J c 35 p/A smir p""ni a ci"-rol;;i;i;. prokureur, r965 DordrechrOetofse L A. 26, Krioesrraal. f_a,ngsOurl.-CJn".lX"", r969, Beilvilteoetofse L J. 46 BufLlsnoor ster[srioo"m;o;;:i6 Boer. 1963. Hofmevroerofse N J, 40, r,r". Tg?:.: o,jil;;;s;;"il!,"1s0r. or,,ooerofse w R' 33, Seunskoshuis cirr"oo""r*n"ilitban*, onderwyser. 1971. preroraoerofsen R p' 30 p/A Sanram Joubeiur.,v".t""i",i,"ordiger. 1968 Humansdorp

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Oliver J J, 43, S A potisie Honeydew. Adj-Offisier, 1974oriver J M. 41 p/A Vorks165 ri6xroug. ,BJ.i;;;J

1968, Virginiat'3:?;ii,:i Jr'J,[ila,xi;;i;;;#o,"[;Jp''3i'a,.noo," n".si-Hooroestuuroer/

orrvier A J, 43, Mvnrusl ?:yej:dole Boer, l923. DewelsdorpOtivier A S, gg, piov Koshurs Hendirna. Stooir.,ilr:igo6. KterksdorpOlivier B J. 32, Dritrivier Clanwilfram. to;,t;;", ,

Olivier E, 32, Ktopperstra, r Sg nr.iun"O"riS, "N L pruoit. nt, 1972.primroseorrvier F B, 42. Deot ean19g;oloerwisE;il; inlperteu, 1964 pietersburoo,U,?,

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s"r,. d; ffi ;'# i;"", N y w e r n ei e sJ,, l,ilJi y*.,urrvrer G c' 3g wircocksweg_2g Noordhoek Broemfontein, N G predikant, 1g76, Bainsvreiotrvier G C, 46, Universit.;t iort iiri"i,i;; iil;lroressor. 1923. prero.aOlivier c C J J,30. Hoewe 1Ot Snannon, r"ir.tii)p & T, 1977orivier c J c, 34. Etoarsrraat 43, v.rJ"ioii[.rrlB;,1;r.. 1976. Netspruitolivier I du P, 34. Be-rtin pK p"t,r. Sr.vnldnii'ri;;;r 1975, BtoemfonreinOlivier J, 33, p/A Ootei.ringskoleg. d,ioi.i"i;'6i!"n, 1973, parowo,;,Jilj,i 2s, G o Kotieg-e ersrJsl,aaib-;,i".ii"Tn...esburs,

Snr Dosent, 1e65,O/ivier J H, 44, S A S & H Durban. Snr Klerk, 1977Olivier J J, 34, Western Hrotivier J J c, 29, ,ro a o',19i,!o:.welkom

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Olivier P J S, 27, Gansvlei Koitiefontein, Boer, l965Olivier R, 37, Montery-Woonstelle Witbank, Geneesheer, 1966. pretoriaOlivier S P. Rektor - lndi6r Kollege Durban - Voorgestel vir die U R in 1969Olivier T, 39, Goedgeloof Tweerivieren, Boer, ,1972,

LangkloolOlivier W A S,35, Uitkyk 612 L S Pietersburg, Boer, t97SOlivier W G, 39, P/A Munisipaliteit Leeudoringstad, Stadsklerk/Tesourier, 1967,

KlerksdorpOlivier W J,39, Kantoor van die Eerste Minister, privaalsekretaris, .1g67, LadybrandOlls W J, 40, Skoolplein Tulbagh, Skoolhoof, 1965, HumansdorpOosthuizen A J G, Voormalige Moderator van die N H Kerk, predikantOosthuizen B J M,40, S A Polisie Klerksdorp, Luitenant, 1967, pretoriaOosthuizen C J,39, P/A Santam Kaapstad, Onderskrywingsbestuurder, 1971, SpringsOosthuizen C J,45. P/A Landdroskantoor Parys, Landdros, 1974, BethalOosthuizen D J,39, Clivedon Close 2 Salisbury/Sanlam, Bestuurder, 1970, PietersburgOosthuizen F J, 37, Hodrskool Wessel Maree Odendaalsrus, Onderhoof , 197l,

ViljoenskroonOosthuizen G C.31, Die Landbank Lichtenburg, Snr Klerk, l964, HartbeesfonteinOosthuizen G F, 38. Hoerskool Steynsburg, Skoolhoof, 1964, DordrechtOosthuizen G H.32, P/A Laerskool Voorwaarts Mamagalieskraal, Skoolhoof, 1970,

VereenigingOosthuizen G L (Dr), 31, Keulderweg Boksburg, 1963Oosthuizen G L, 39, P/A Unisa Pretoria, Dosent, 1975Oosthuizen G V E, 36, Amanxala Komatipoort, Winkelier/Boer, 1967, PretoriaOosthuizen H J, 34, Uniestaalkorp Vereeniging, Marknavorser, 1964, FrankfortOosthuizen J C.32. Dudley Smithstraat 2 Boksburg, Geneesheer, 1972, BoksburgOosthuizen J F, 51, Bospan PK Carletonville, Boer, 1965, AlbertiniaOosthuizen J H, 45, Rietgat Koppies, Boer, 1977, VitjoenskroonOosthuizen J H,42, P/A U O V S Bloemlontein, Snr Lektor, 1975, HeilbronOosthuizen J H J,30, N G Pastorie Reddersburg, N G Predikant, 1970. Lady GreyOosthuizen J S. 37, Voortrekkerstraat Calitzdorp, Boer, 1966Oosthuizen L,34, P /A Dee Bee Af d Winkel Harrismith, Bestuurder, 1975, Ladysmith NatalOosthuizen L, 34, Gamka-Oos, Calitzdorp, Boer, 1970Oosthuizen L D,28, Clivedonhof 8 Diep Rivier Kaapstad, Ontw/Tekenaar, .t

974Oosthuizen L lV, 38, Kirkwood, 1963Oosthuizen M C C,33, P/A Stadsraad Piet Retief, Stadsklerk, 1973, UmtataOosthuizen N J,48, Gouritzmond PK Avondrust oor Albertinia, Alg Handelaar, 1963Oosthuizen N J, 34, Raubenheimerstraat 125 Heilbron, Onderwyser, l971Oosthuizen N J, 42, Skoolstraat Swellendam, Onderwyser, 1968, KraaifonteinOosthuizen N L, 38, Marestraat Viljoenskroon, Apteker, l973Oosthuizen O, 43, P / A S A S & H Pretersburg, Distriksing, 1969, JohannesburgOosthuizen P, 36, Regsfakulteit Universiteit van Pretoria, Professor, 1973Oosthuizen P C, 35, Hamiltonstraat 41 Harrismith, Onderwyser, 1972, VilliersOosthuizen P du T, 35, PK Sibasa, Landboukundige, 1 974, PietersburgOosthuizen P E, 28, N G Pastorie Aranos. Predikant, 1977, PreloriaOosthuizen P J,32, PK Rietkuil/P/A Evkom, Snr Leierhand lnstrumentasie, 1977, SasolOosthuizen P P,40, Proteapark Wolseley/S A Polisie, Adj-Offisier, l971, KaapsladOosthuizen R, 36, McKensrestraat 1 Vryburg, N G Predikant, l972, BultfonteinOosthuizen R K, 36, Noudonzies Aughrabies, Boer, 1 964Oosthuizen S J D, 47, Seringboom Tsumeb, Boer/Sakeman, 1969, OutjoOosthuizen W C,42, N G Kerk Skoonspruit, Predikant, 1967, Petrus SteynOosthuizen W J, 40, Rooiheuwel Albertinia, Boer, 1964Oosthuizen W J, 33, Charl Cillierstraat B2A Standerton, Geneesheer, 1973, PreloriaOosthuizen W J, 43, P/A Volkskas Cradock, Rekenmeester, 1969, VirginiaOoslhuizen W M, 38, S A Polisie Ladysmith, Speur Sersant, l965, TweespruitOosthuysen J H, 31, P/A Wes-Tvl Bantoe Admin Raad Potchefstroom, Direkteur Tegn

Dienste, 1975, PretoriaOosthuysen W T, 36, Bothastraat Lady Grey, Skooihoof, 1966, UgieOpenshaw L J, 39, Laerskool Rynfield Benoni, Onderhoof, 1967Opperman A J P,40, Crosleyweg 7 Oos-Londen, Onderwyser, .l 965, CalaOpperman A W S, 33, Christina Ficksburg, Boer, 1976, Jankempdorp

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Supl lgz5 KroonstadOpperman D J 40 Sabrweg r r sercouri,Spi n"g.J nrrt EreKtr lng. 1922. Edenvajeopperman D p J 33 e^,1u olr i'ili""r:,[ri"li Lektor re74 wrndhoekupperman G C 33 Lvonsrust ncf,sorrg, B-;ei',j,926. HartswaterR:f:::l J 3t Moabsveroen oermas "B"Ji isjdzupperman J A J.35. Keeromstraar te <rugersOoi.Unrewinkels. Bestuurder. t9Z2ooJ":fr:[,i": 32 P r A Staosraa? r",pilY," tJ,.i' Besruurder Nie.Branre]Sar<e 1e13,Opperman Rr:dotf lSportlupperman R W J. 31 De Hoop Smrrnfreld. Boer. 1967. potgretersrusopperman W M. 38. Volkskas?,o".jr'rg B#Jrrj., ,ruo prerorra

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Pjl:1 9 (Dr) voormatrse L v & skoorhoofu(u J r, Jz. Uev Hehahilrlasresentrum KroonStad Ad1 Bevelv Offjsier. 1967. Sprrngsotto J P w lLrd \r r2s:r3r Aolunx:H;"i;.;;;,;;:,irn o" A B mer insans I Feb 1ez6

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:1! I ! 39 De Hoop de Doorns. Boer, 1 964ransegrouw l. 30. Nonna pK^de Wet OnOeiwyser 1965. BejlvrilePapendorf E L, 46. Taeuber a Corrr"n oJior,iri,:ru 'guorrrder. 1966, SprinosPapendorf o 1 46 pernet,erst,aail; [;"#;r;;;p Konsutt tnsenreur, 196iPapentus B C du p. 36. Nooirgedacnt OnrijJaO"E[er. rgZ3, ZambidPapenfus p C, 45 NoorcJwes trotors r_icniei_'roil!t?trrrour, 1969 Cotignyparsons E J H 33, Dre orostoy:rr/-c;;;;;;""d.#os 1e64, Johannesburot1r:$:r? L J' Hoof - Hoersko6r rir. i"..i* ir,r*J,,iJ'- snun",,ns N/rr*6re Loierinse o/B

Pauw D A, 30, p/A R A U,Johannesburg, Snr Lektor, 1974, pretoriaPauw J G 43. Sanlam stelenoosc-n-"vir?ri"rffil""; 1969, MontaguPauw S (Lid Nr 1448) Lid van.die U ni" Ex"""riJse xomitee 1973lauw Vt1 Lid van die U R se E-konomiese Komitee in lg73Peach P p, 41, prinshofskool pretoria Hoof, i9Zl, Umtata

".-X.".tl];n"' ons koop M.*i".i".i,u'i.;,.,ilJ;#ii Vise Hoor/Hoorskoor, 1e7j,

Pellissier J v R, 21, Oranreweg 2 Alexanderbaai, Geneesheer, 1g73, pretoriaPetser A' 29' servaasstrart zqirrr*-oooiil; s#il; Apteek Krerksdorp, Apreker, .l 972Petser F J. 38, Voorrrekkerslraat

_sa oeiar.eyrirLitiJo!,,"r.,,. 1973, VrvburoPelser G M N/. 28. N H pasrorie pr"tr,r_Wl., 'pr."Oini"n,

1965 GrobtersdlrPetser J C, 42, Du preez_Laager pX eui.i""f,,lyn'V[n,i,r, Boer, 1967, Lydenburg

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Pelser N J,43, P/A Saphar Laboratoriums Roodepoort, AId-Hoof, l975, MelvillePelser P A, 38, Seunskoshuis Krugersdorp, Onderwyser, l 964Pelser P C, 27, Genl Fickstraat Rosendal, Onderwyser, 1969, MarquardPelser P J,34, Geref Pastorie Heidelberg, Predikant, 1964, Louis TrichardlPelser S C, 44, Nooitverwacht PK Bulgerivter, Boer, I970, WelkomPelser W P J, 36, Rouxlaan 11 Frankfort/Snyman & Steyn Heilbron, Ouditeur,

.1 977,

SasolburgPelzer A N P. 30, Munisipaliteit Potcheistroom, Asst Direkteur, 1969, GermistonPelzer A N P (Lid Nr 3381), Professor - Eridanusstraat 46 Waterkloolrif Pretoria - Skakel

by Univ Ptelo(ia 4.2.76Pentz N W. 44, N G Kerk Danskraal Monument Gemeenle Ladismith Predikant, 1974, S W A

Pepler D R,32, N G Kerk Nooitgedacht Port Elizabeth, Predikant, 1968, HobertsonPeters J, 38, Ranleighsingel 35 Durban-Noord, Geneesheer. 1976, TsilidziniPetersen V H, 26, P/A Rossouw Strydom en de Beer (Argitekte) Benoni, Tekenaar, 1973

Pfall P H, 33, Pretoriusstraat 99 Heidelberg, Prokureur, 1974, Pretoria

Piek J G C.30. S A S Polisie Johannesburg. Adl-Offisier, 1977, ElandsfonteinPiek S J, 30, P/A Marars & du Preez Pretoria, Rekenmeesler, 1973, ReiviloPiek W G, 38, Mooigelegen PK Roedtan, Boer, 1967, PretoriaPienaar AE,42, Sanlam Chrissiesmeer, Boer & Verleenw, 1964, PretoriaPienaar A E. 35, Munisipaliteit vanderbijlpark, Hool Toetsafdeling Elektrotegn, 1974,

BultlonteinPienaar A J. 34, Haldonweg 158 Bloemfontein, Adiunk-Hool, 1971, BoshofPienaar A J, 42, Hoewe 55 Shannon, Akte-lnspekteur, 1 963, Despatch

Prenaar A J, 39, Geluksfontein Vaalwater, Boer, 1974, WynbergPienaar C G,25, P/A SAUK Port Elizabeth, Omroeper, 1976, Johannesburg

Pienaar D C (Lid Nr 7741), Oudtshoorn, .l 963

Pienaar D J,41, PK Chipinga, Boer/Spoorwegamptenaar, 1967, Rusape

Pienaar D J, 37, P/A Hodr Jongenskool Paarl, Adjunk-Hoof, 1974, Vanderbillpark

Pienaar E A C, 39, P/A S A Weermag Pretoria, Kommandant, 1968, Preloria

Pienaar E W,34, P/A Fisons Malmesbury, Vakkundige Beampte, 1967, stellenboschPienaar F,37,PlA Sanlam Vryheid, Wyksbestuurder, 1965, Paardekop

Prenaar G, 31, Uitkyk Ficksburg, Boer, 1970Pienaar G E, 42, S A S & H Pietermaritzburg, Klerk, 1964, George

Pienaar G G, 26, P/A M P L Underhay Tulbagh, Boer, 1964, PretoriaPienaar H J,54, P/A Dept Pos & Tel Preloria, Ondersekretaris, 1968Pienaar H J, 43, P/A S A Polisie Oos-Londen, Kaplein, 1974, BenoniPienaar H J, 40, Beginsel Venlersburg, Winkelier/Boer, 1971, WelkomPienaar H P, 25, "Gooi Die Hoed" Wrnburg, Boer, 1970

Pienaar J A, 45, Jakkalslontein De Aar, Boer, 1 966, SutherlandPienaar J A, 36, Witklip Delmas, Admin Bestuurder, 1977, BloemlonteinPienaar J G,41, P/A Veeartsenykund Fakulteit onderstepoort, Asst Direkteur, 1977,

NgomoPienlar J J, 32, P lA Universiteit S A Pretoria, Lektor Unisa, 1966, Kimberley

Pienaar J J,37, Kerkslraat 34 Lichtenburg/N w Koop, Hooiaankoper, 1970, Klerksdorp

Pienaar J P, 25, Patmos Arlington, Boer, l970, LindleyPienaar J P, 33, Deelfontein Winburg, Boer, 1973, Virginia

Pienaar J P, 31, P/A S A S & H Pretoria, lngenieur, 1977

Pienaar J S J, 33, Leliespan Distr Lichtenburg, Boer, 1974

Prenaar K J, 36, P/A Grey Kollege Bloemfontein, Onderwyser, 1967

Pienaar L A (Lid Nr 5919), ambassadeur - Parys - Voorgestel vir die U R 1968

Pienaar L D (Lid Nr 7762), King Williamstown, 1963Pienaar L D,34, N G Kerk Beltast, Predikant, 1968, BrakpanPienaar L J, 37, Tiddysingel B Baysville Oos-Londen, Onderwyser, 1965, Mosselbaai

Pienaar S, 37, Hoerskool John Vorster Nigel, Onderwyser, 1973, Alberton

Pienaar S C,24, Bergsig Koshuis Elliot, Onderwyser, 1969, Heidelberg Kaappienaar S W,45, p/A Tianskeise Dept van Landbou Umtata, Sekretaris, 1965, Vryheid

Pienaar w D J, 40, P/A Durbanse Onderwyskollege/Hamiltonweg 23 Ashley Pinetown

Departementshoof, 1 976, VrYheidPienaar W G, 30, 2delaan 71 Edenvale, Onderwyser, 1 968, Boksburg

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,:ti7 W J, 39, p/A Dept Landbou-Tegn Diensle Steilenbosch, Navorsingsbeampte,Pieters B J. 34, p / A yskor Vanderbrjlp_ark, Water-Tegnrkus, l968Pieters H B, 42, N O a"n9lnnqT,",,b.e.iily W"s.,Fleoixant 1977. ReitzPrelers H J, 29, p /A I aersffi1 soons [o;i igii 'r,aur*"rriuPieters H N,25, Hoerskoot Betrer Magj[".olig"oloerwyser. 1965Pieters J A, 38, p/A Mrrnisip6lilsl G"iil,.[" nEf!,r,r""r,"r. 1g67. KruqersdoroPieters J H. 35. Afrikanerstr:aat.122 Vry;;il'i ;;;,.re, Kaptein. lgZ2. burbanPieters M H, 31, N G pasrorie Kr;ger;o;p_'S;,i,'rl"o,nrn,, 1964, HeitbronPieters W A, 40, Kromdraai r_rnore/, Gri-a,ig.o"l,i#zeoer, l970Pieters W D. 47. venanatum orooirontJ.. ilo"rl r,jio or,iopreters W J, 37, Votkskas zastron- Besiuy,Jui'iddi-L,nor"yPieterse A J H.31. p/A tJniversiteit van pret,oiia"in|. Lutto, 1926, Klerksdorpll:l:"" p g _31 Ktipptaardrifr ar"rrroorr, iiJ;; ,truPreterse D J, 32. Mandari4yysg f a primrose. O-nOeirvrer, 1921. Germrston

:l ^{ iff ,?, :, i';5 i]3ililll sx *;:l,z : :;; li EJI ei i" olt n, io-, il,'oio, n, p,

r so rt"'l::;.,T 40' Alecweg es sunnvrotx 6limisronznsoror, Hoor Besruurder. r926.t,"J::Tf,* *i"r?.";,?l i e66 se Bondsraad se hy die Afrikaner moet meer mititanr

Preterse H J, 30, N G Gemeenle Wonderboomspoort, predikant. 1967. Shabani

],:!"ii*idi",l?li;"'L'"'?t:i;ff:ff:x':,i',,xi,:-.,.."m Arr kaanse versekerinss.Pieterse J E (prof) Unlversiteil p,"to,ir-l',isl;;i;ffi

van Ruiterwag,"#iff,iJ""? 36, p/A vonrr"nl_Vulr"r"ii""s'Io';l;nesburs, Adm Bestuurder, 1e6e,

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Pieterse J L' 43' Nie-Brank-e-sake Munisipariteit Rus-tenburg, Direkteur, 1g65, preloriaPieterse J te B. 33, Groningen smitnriero -eoli,.

igliPieterse J S J, 48, p/A Bapretoria ntoe Adm en Ontwikkeling Sibasa, Bantoesake_Komissaris, I 968,Pieterse J V, 28, Hestersrus.Odendaalsrus, Boer, 1 g26, KroonstadPieterse J W, 45, tvlonrana VrVOurg, Bo;ij;ff,,

,"Pieterse P J, 38, Salisburyweg Ag-Westviite

-frtatat, Radiolerapeut, j 96g, JohannesburgPieterse p J s 34' Deot r and50u r"g"Di"n$;-p1,.il,r,,oo, Navorsrngsbeampte, 1g65Pieterse p W, 30, Maderna-slraat f O"V.rO"iiilrp.rn",,rnour*r.ur. l968, phalaborwaPieterse S C, 41, p/A Votkskas epi Surh,erra;ile;srrrroe, 1973, KuitsrivierPieterse T J, 37, Maxwerstraat 14 nii,"iri" vlru"iiging onoer*yser. r976, VereenigingPielerse W J, 35, p/A Landdrosk"^;;v;#;rlinl,irnooro, rszo lonanneiourgPretersen J C (LiO Nr 5667) er"Ol"ri _ Xr;;il;._ Voorgesret vir die U R in j968Pietersen J D C, 30. Huis Venter a"rtiv we.]"rjio1?*yr",, 1923, WetkomPretersen J p, 30, Jakaran,iasrraar-r o sJv"rL',i# ri"t;rrgtingsoeimpie.-isz r , virr,u,.roo,.pPijpers H 37' Ladvsmiths: Kgqq u""o"i.nriJr.ov]mitn, Bestuurder. 1965, Harrsmithprstorius c J. 29. Ruobvsrraar r'z v[tor,r_r,ilrl6"J#..n"", 1965. Georoepistorius H G, 36. ezi n"

99yza.x.i[rr. i;ffi;;;: orj",*vr"i ffier_r"eioeroers, rvrPoggenpoer D J, 33. p/A vreissentraar r;.i"ri*glB#r/skakerbeampte. 1963 carnarvon,"3::ffi:i, D. 34, p /A vioo"r*".i v;;;;*;[;,,8 Kenhardt. onderbesruurder. I e63,Poggenpoel S J. 4g. p/A K WV Montagu, Hootklerk. 1968. CarnarvonPohl E w 4g Beckersrraar or,ranision]Eir,'^i*[']'6ou BronkhorsrspruitPohtB E,35, Hoeirskootnen virtao^en ir;;i;;;;;i. o"niu,*r.", lezz Middelburo

l:lid:t{?:i,,lT'fX,,!i!:,.:xi{T;g,;j*i:#;,,",/e -d.#:.'1",'u?oHt?,"n0,,g

portwig E H, 35, Sevmourstraat t9 irahlr.t"o]"o"i"rwyser, rg73, Sterenboschpostma D, 34, p /A.oerer c3919rr9 e",hr"n;;l;;r.Jdillnr r gog DordrechrPostma D J, 28, Eureka Dist_Krrnb.,rLv, ili,'idii'6o.-rono"nPostma M, De Aar _ open 1968 aon;.L"I'rli 6xf,l"ring & Gebed;::|il: ff, 3i, Xi?,XlJl:;,.e lu^t;;"r'"riJJ,, ii,,ijl' rl w y se_r, 1 st 7,G oba biseo r g. eG i i ); s ;' il""il:|, fJ, ITll lj;,|" ?Hl,y^ i' J JI i-r,,r "v.IL,

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A85

Potgieter A H J, 35, Hoerskool Bonnievale, Onderwyser, 1966, PretoriaPolgieler B J D, 51, P/A Eierraad Pretoria, Klerk, 1968Polgieter C L, 35, Panoramalaan 76 Stellenberg/Sanlam Sanlamhof, Asst Bestuurder,

1975, BellvillePotgieter C R, 48, Voortrekkerweg Humansdorp, Geneesheer, 1976. PretoriaPotgieter D,40, Yskor Pretoria, Asst Verkoops-Bestuurder, 1964, BethlehemPotgieter D S M (Lid Nr 7691), Elandslontein, Vise-Hoof, 1962Potgieter D S M, Woon 1966 Bondsraad byPotgieter E F (Prof), Voormalige Rektor TurlloopPotgieter F E, 37, Platkop Villiers, Boer, 1967Potgieter F J, 34, Straussennestraat Keetmanshoop, Boer, 1 966, StellenboschPotgieter F J, 37, P I A Tegn Kollege Olilanlsfonlein, lnstrukteur, 1968Polgieter F J M (Lid Nr 2757), Professor - Slellenbosch - Lid van die U H se

Beplanningskomitee 1 973Potgieter Gerl, Springbok - Atleet/Tans verbonde aan Triomf KunsmisPotgieter H E, 33, Grouloord 19 Bellair Durban/G C Shave & Co, Hoofskeikundige, 1970Potgieter H F R,33, P/A Laerskool Jonkersberg, Skoolhoof, 1969, DespalchPotgieter H G J,43, Boriusstraal 20 Potchelslroom/P U vir CHO, Professor, 1976,

SasolburgPotgieter H H J, 48, Laerskool Kirkwood, Onderwyser, 1964, HeidelbergPotgieter H J,30, Quarrystraal Steynsburg, Geneesheer, 1975, UitenhagePotgieter H L, 33, Mederaslraal 76 Umtata, Sakeman, 1977, MowbrayPotgieter H L, 35, Buffelskloof Calitzdorp, Boer, 1977Potgieter H L,38, Homes Trust Lewensversekering Kempton Park, Takbestuurder, 1975.

KaapstadPotgieter H P,32, V D Wallstraat 36 Venterstad, Afdelingsraad-Sekretaris, 1974,

VanrhynsdorpPotgieter I F,49, Dept Ontwikkeling Univ Stellenbosch, Eerste Adm Beampte, 1968,

JohannesburgPotgieter J C, 39, Erneststraat 21 Springs Uilbr, Organiseerder N P, 1970, SpringsPolgieter J D, 34, P/A Arlillerieskool Potchefstroom, Kolonel, 1969, PretoriaPotgieter J E (Ds), Stigterslid van RuiterwagPotgieter J F,33, N G Pastorie Wonderboomplotte, Predikant, 1964, PretoriaPotgieter J F. 41, Glengarrysingel 34 Humewood Uitbr Porl Elizabeth, Direkteur/

Beplannings Navorsing U P E, 1971, PretoriaPotgieter J F W, 33, Cameronstraat 5 Petersfield, Onderwyser, 1967, OgiesPotgieter J G, 47, Bloedrivier Ulrecht, Boer, 1967Potgieter J H, Dewetsdorp, Boer, 1961Potgieter J H, 38, Wag-'n-Bietjie I046 Grootfontein, Boer, 1967, OutloPotgieter J H, 31, Dorchester Alexandria, Boer, 1973Potgieter J H, 30, P/A Rondalia Pretoria, Verteenwoordiger, 1968Potgieter J J, 29, Seekoegat Komatipoort, Boer, 1967, BritsPotgieter J M, 33, Sanlamgebou

.1 06 Kroonstad, Advokaat, 1968, BloemfonteinPotgieter J P, 33, Buitekantstraat 7 Middelburg Tvl, Onderwyser, 1968, CarletonvillePotgieter J W,46, Laerskool Eric Louw Beaufort-Wes, Skoolhool, 1967, Jan KempdorpPotgieter L G,31 , P/A Laerskool Andalusia Vaalharts, Onderwyser, 1967, Beaufort-WesPotgieter L J, 39, Dan Pienaarlaan 30 Florida-Noord, Besturende Direkteur van Adverkor

'l 972, JohannesburgPotgieter L J, 35, O T K Ogies, Skakelbeampte, 1972, BronkhorstspruitPotgieter L [/, 34, Yskor Vanderbijlpark, Snr Prod Asst, 1 964, FlustenburgPotgieter M, 35, Volkskas Germiston, Asst Rekenmeester, 1975, FochvillePotgieter M G, 36, P/A Lamberts Bay Holdings Lambertsbaai, Fabrieksbestuurder,l9TT

StompneusbaaiPotgieter M G, 34, Skoolhostel Bonnievale, Onderwyser, 1968, Port ElizabethPotgieter M J, 34, P/A Hoilrskool Ogies, Onderwyser, 1975, WitrivierPotgieter M J L,43, Paardepoort Utrecht, Boer, 1969Potgieter N J,31, P/A SA Vloot Simonstad, Offisier, l975, SaldanhaPotgieter P C,28, N G Pastorie Vredenburg, Predikant, 1969. StellenboschPotgieter P D, 33, Theunsweg 232 Murrayfield Preloria/Uraanverrykingskorporasie

Valindaba, lngenieur, 1 976, Bothaville

A86

Potgieter p J J S, 33. p/A p U_vir CHO potchefstroom, Lektor, 1975, OtjiwarongoPotgieter p R,31. Demrlander perrus Steyn. Bou],'lsozPotgieter p T, 39, Vrerde p-rrvaa*a* ZtiA'V,if l""rr"pretor,a, Onderwyser, 1966Potgierer s L, 34, p/A Ho6r t_anaoouixooi xi""irt"o onoerwysei r-eislilt"r..owgPotgieter s p, 48, p/A Mare,a p"tgi;b, Ner.Jr"rir''iror,rruur, 1966, Ermelot",ltiJ3[3,], i3;t'o

Landbou r"g, Di";rJp?toria, pruimvel]5"!',rr;ojgu, rgoo.

Polgieter S T, 35, Ho€irskool .Etosha Tsumeb, Onderhoof, .l 966, Gibeonpotsierer r c, 31, ouwerf pK cons;rk;;;;i;;:-r"ezo, nterandr.iaPotgieter T D, 45, Hoairskoor trrtonu"ment iruo"^;"; onderhoof, 1g6g, RustenburgPotgieter T r, 43, prov aomrn groe;to.i"i., iloo"r#r,eersbeampte, 1966, KroonstadPotsieter w A, 38. pla c o rlon.;;";1;.;: il;"io."n,. tsz4. RandburoPotgierer W J 45. Hoerskoot arits bnJervJv!"I ig6gPottas C D, 34, Kessetsrraat g0 Fairtand L6xr"ilfii U, i 973, preroriato;?:fl*f,?, Gren Avonwes Kempron pa,r,7s n r Lusvaarttesnikus, 1e75,

Preller F T, 28. Eankstraat 1 17 Nigel Onderwyser. 1962, pretoriaPretorius A J, 34, p/A Votkskas aiiti"rt.rla.i.tlurder 1965, preroriaPretorius A L (Lid Nt 7t4q pretoria, f gO-S -"-'""'"Hreronus A L, 32, Hoerskool Ogies Onderwyser, .1968,

Middelburg TvlPretorius A p' 40, cleverand-N-6ttinghamwej Fieie,maritzourg. ao6r, r 924. prooysburgPretorius C v N,4l, p/A N G Frrtd,i. r,,1"|B,ioi,},.Loir,rn,. 1969, Rorhdeneprerorius D H s 34 sA Vtoot siro.ir.o,,cl;;;;;"r, 1e66, pretoriaPretorius D J, 44. p/A Hodrskoot S"n*"ii.i+L"*fel, Onderhoof, 1968, WotmaranssradPrelorius D J, 29, Dirkie Uysstraat O franscnnJe,i'6nO"r*y."r, 1971, eueenstown"::T:Xt^3irr1n34

P/A re'on a rno aeretsins. st"lr."noo."nlp;,;";;;i;i;Jaiipte r szs

Pretonus F H,42, S A polisie Windhoek, Kaptein, 1963, Tsumeb S W At,Filil,1...lrj;i8,p/A Depr Landbou r"g,i 6i"r;r" ponsola, Voortisrinssbeampte, j e67,Preto,us f J SS.'pin Sanlam Middelburg Tvl, Takbestuurder, 1g75, AlbertonPretorius G C de B, 37, p / AG o KJ;;";";rorlslio."nt, rgosPretorius c J,45, Alaska Sinoia, ao.,, rgiolB;Xoriz.rOtePretorius c p, 42, p/A S A polisie Sieila, S;r;;.,'"t'itZ, Ou,OyPretonus G p, 44 S A S potisie lor.ri"r"r[rrglxuptlin 1965, KimberteyPrerorius G 8,38, SAS & H.toirannesouis, il.iiliioz vrl!ri'^f",'',Preiorius H, 30, S A S & H Aarkry-Oos, V;iro"'ri.Jrr.xturr, 1977, Btoemfontein

"itg;T#ij 33,,schoonsesicint Hoet sp,uii B;;i; Hoerskoor, o.J"in"oi"i sz+Pretorius H E, 34, Huis Erundu Otjrwarongo, Onderwyser, l965, Usakos

''?L%rl.^ll,j;,r,iiPlA Nie-Brank"rir. vi,.i.Ipiir.ii'pot.nuriiloor,'illr",yo"rruurder,

Pretorius H J, 29, pres paur Krugerraan 278 Broemfontein, onderwyse r,1g73,werkomPretorius H N, 37, p/A p U.rir CHO iot"nJs]rlir,"prof..ro r, lgTS,VereeniginqPretorius H p,27, Wesrern [eefaVn OiX."V"S["iOias. 1966, CartetonviilePretorius I A, 33, Batrersea park rirnJ".,

-rio""r)I5r?, s aw,lgtT,venrersburgt,8,"#r"?.la 34, Westphatstraat 37 Btoemfont"inleu;,k v/d OVS, Sekretaris, 1972,

Pretorius J A, 36, Grusstraat 43 Waterkloofrif pretoria, Tandarts, l974Prelorius J C, 39, p/A Naude_& Naude afo"rfo.t"in prokureur, 196g, pretoriaPretorius J C,31, Sek Skoot Sano ot-Fress,s elo;;i;ntuin Onderhoot, 1977Pretorius J C R, 50, pretoriusmyn pX A.fli;or;, Bo"i r ezs, WaterbergPretorius J F, 37, Vredehoek Birkty_Oos, ili r 96iPretorius J G, 33, Conslantia.ShaT",l O*i;;y.Jr, rgOz, KafferrivierstasiePretorius J H J G, 41, ptatfonrein earHy-ooi e6"i'r9ooPrelorius J H D, 32. She.stones.traat t O gr";tnrrst, G"ene"sneer, 1g75, pretoriaPretorius J J B, 35, Lafniestraat uenorina, cenJe.i#, rgzs Heiderbero TvrPretorius J L M, 35, p/A Universirelt pr"t"r,a'i"ii"r,igzZPretorius J M, 39, p/A Federate vorx.o"i"ggii;'b]oemtontetn, Bestuurder, l976,Johannesburg

v

A87

Prelorius J N, 33, Springboklaan Middelburg Tvl, Landdros, 1977, PretoriaPretorius J v H,41, P/A Vikor Vanderbijlpark, Ingenieur, 1967, JohannesburgPrelorius L M, 45, Flowerstraat 174, Capitalpark Pretoria, Boekbinderinslr, .1 968Pretorius N4, 34, P/A Pretorius Sleyn & Lategan Pretoria, Argitek, 1967Prelorius M de W, 32, P l A Spoorweghoolkanloor Johannesburg, Klerk, l 963,

PotchelslroomPretorius M F,28, P/A Premo-Dryco Staal (Muldersdrir), Direkteur, 1924, KrugersdorpPretorius M H O, 31, Jacobsdal, Geneesheer, 1965. KirkwoodPretorius M J.37, Burgerstraat 4 de Rust, Onderwyser, 1975, StellaPretorius M W, 33, Ned Herv Kerk Voortrekkerhoogte, Predikant, 1973Pretorius N J, 45, Nas Parly van Tvl Johannesburg, Hoof-Organiseerder, 1965, pretoriaPretorius P,46,P/A Boedel en Trustafd Volkskas, Besluurder, 1976. PretoriaPretorius P A, 40, P/A Newton & Taylor Johannesburg, Graveerder, 1968Prelorius P C, 37, P/A Bruinette Kruger Stofberg & HugoJohannesburg, lngenieur, .l 975

PretorraPrelorius P H, 35, P/A Hoerskool Die Burger Maraisburg, Onderwyser, 1966,

JohannesburgPrelorius P J, 41, Mediese Fakulteit Pretoria, Professor, 1966, SteynsburgPretorius P J,39, P/A Pos & Telekommunikasiewese Pretoria, Admin Beampte, 1975,

BloemfonteinPrelorius P J, 31, Kameeldrit Distrik Pretoria, Verteenwoordiger Sanlam, 1976Prelorius P J V E, Lid van die U R se Beplanningskomrtee 1973Prelorius R de V, 41, Nuwe Uitbr Willowmore, Onderwyser, 1966, DarlingPretorius S J, 36, S A Weermag Bloemfontein, Kommdt Sportoflisier, I973, BoshofPrelorius S P, 38, De Villierslaan 12 Kenridge Durban, Uitvoerende Beampte Sanlam, 1971 ,

Mkhoma MalawiPretorius W C, 34, Bothastraat 4 Vrede/S A Polisie, Adj Olfisier, 1971, AberfeldyPretorius W G, 42, P/A S A S Werkwinkel Bloemfontein/Bendrylaan Campbellton

Bloemfontein, Asst Voorman/Vak Opl, 1975Pretorius W H, 33, P/A Yskor Pretoria, Klerk, 1968Pretorius W J, 34, Roosstraat 255 Meyerspark Pretoria/S A S & H, Tekenaar, 1971,

PietermaritzburgPretorius W J, 33, Huis Derksen Kroonstad, Onderwyser, 1971, VilliersPretorius W J (Prof ) (Lid Nr 5946) - Direkteur van Maatskappye - Voorgestel vir die U R

1968 - Lid van die U Fl se Ekonomiese Komitee 1973Pretorius W J B, 45, Dept Onderwys Kuns & Wet Pretoria, Eerste Adm Beampte, 1965,

PotchelslroomPretorius W J H, 34, P/A Unisa Pretoria, Snr Lektor, 1973Pretorius W P J, (Lid N( 7744), Barkly-Oos, 1963Prince D S, 44, P/A Tegn Kollege Johannesburg, Onderhoof, 1 966Prins F E, 40, P/A S A S & H Worcester, lngenieur, 1973, MafekingPrins F J, 32, Vryhof PK Mareetsane, Boer, 1971Prins H A T,41, S A S Polisie Fynnland Durban, Speurluitenant, 1965, JohannesburgPrins H H J,39, P/A Laerskool van Reede Oudtshoorn, Skoolhoof, l968, ParowPrins M J, 31, Jack Hindonstraat 29 Pretoria-Noord, Onderwyser, 1971Prins T J, 53, Vadersgawe Ceres, Boer, 1967Prinsloo A L, S A S & H Lichtenburg SentraalPrinsloo B D C, 29, Geref Pastorie Elliot, Predikant, 1964, PolchefstroomPrinsloo C, Prys die Ruiterwag op Bondsraad van I965Prinsloo C L, 34, Olympia Okahandja, Plaasbestuurder, 1977Prinsloo D S,25, P/A Dept Staatsleer R A U Johannesburg, Lektor, .l

974, PretoriaPrinsloo F J, 33, P/A Laerskool Potgietersrus, Onderhoof, 1967Prinsloo G D P,43, H/v Sestraat & Van Riebeecklaan Delmas, Geneesheer, 1977, Dist

WitbankPrinsloo G F,32, Totiusstraat 10 Marlands Germiston, Adj-Hoof Laerskool, 1970

VereenigingPrinsloo H F, 35, Honingkrans Smithfield, Boer, 1963Prinsloo H F, 40, Kruidlontein Koster, Boer, 1973Prinsloo H J,33, P/A Hodr Handelskool Brakpan, Onderwyser, 1974

A88

Prinsloo H P, 31, P/A Radiobantoe Johannesburg, Taalorganiseerder, 1 967,Potchefslroom

Prinsloo 1J,39, De Boerstraat 7 Nylstroom, prokureursklerk, 1973, AlbertonPrinsloo lJ.31. P/A Laerskool Selection park, Onderhoof, 1977, NigelPrinsloo J 36 P/A Meyer Ner & Kie Bloemfontein, ouditeur, 1966, FotchefstroomPrinsloo J A. 35, Occupation lmvani eueenstown, Boer, 1g66Prinsloo J J, 39, P/A Kunsrubber Mpy (Edms) Bpk sasorburg, Hoofingenieur, 1 967,

GermistonPrinsloo J J, Port Elizabeth-NoordPrinsloo J J, 44, P /A swartkops-seesout port Erizabeth, Bestuurder, 1967, GraverottePrinsloo J L. 41 , P /A Laerskool Akasia pretoria, Onderwyser, .l g6gPrinsloo J P N, 45, N G pastorie Westonaria, predikant, 1964, BethalPrinsloo J v N J, 37, Markslaan 3 Boksburg, Geneesheer. 1976, BrakpanPrinsloo K P, 30, Lindfierdweg 7r, Lynnwood pretoria, Hoofnavorsingsbeampte, 1g73

PretoriaPrinsloo L A (Prof), Lid van die U R se Wetenskapkomitee 1g73Prinsloo M J,33, Gerrit Maritzlaan Brakpan, onderwyser, 1969, Rand collieries BrakpanPrinsloo M w,33, P/A stadsraad Brakpan, Asst Direkteur, r967, BronkhorstspiuitPrinsloo ll,a?, P-lA wagner wagner prinsroo & Van wyk, Geneesheer, tgza aertastPrinsloo P H, 35, S A potisie Sundra, Sersant, 1965, SprrngsPrinsloo P M 35, Hofmeyerstraat g Westonaria, Tandarts, l967, pietersburgPrinsloo W, 43, Westraat 10 Middelburg Tvl, prokureur, t974, BarbertonPrinsloo w P, 30, Bu[estederrke ontwiikeringsraad pretoria, Krerk, rg74, pretoriaPrinsloo W R, 26, Rondebult Boksburg, Boer, t 9ZOProsch G C, 44, P /A Nas Bouvereniging pretoria, Bestuurderassistent, 1968Puren M F, 38, Gonakraal Somerset-Oos, Boer, 1 970, CradockPutter A P,31, S A Vtoot Simonslad, Lt Kdr, 1967, SaldanhaPutter D J,35, P/A Dept van Bantoe-Adm preloria, Inspekteur, 1969, peddiePutter N J,45, Kerkstraat 15 Kempton park, Snr Klerk/SAL, 1970 GermistonPutter S J M, 37, Knopfontern pK Alrna, Boer, 1976Putter W J, 32, P U vir CHO potchefstroom, Snr Dosent, l968, Nylsfroom

oQuass F P,28, Lothburyweg 3 Aucklandpark/Hofmeyr v/d Merwe & Bolha

Johannesburg, Prokureur, 1 977, Middelburg

R

Raath J P, 36, SA S & H (personeelafd) Verwoerdburg, Klerk, 1974,Bloemlontetn

Raath R B, 26, Brakwater Brilstown, Boer, 1973

I""!1] ! J 54, lngersolweg 67 Lynnwood Gten, Hoofrekenmeesler, 1976, pretoriaRaath R J, 30, P/A Eltaton Mining Supply Co, Direkteur, 1973, OttosdalRaath R J, 56, N G Pastorie Bronberg pretoria, predikant, .l 964, NylstroomRaath w, 45, V Andelstraat g Dan pienaar Bloemfontein, sek Hek sendingpers, lglr , pott

ElizabethRaats J J,32, Tweedelaan 2 Kleinmond, Skoolhool Laerskool, .l 97,l, RobertsonRabe J P P, 47, Salamanderweg Saldanha, Sakeman, 1965, HopefieldRademeyer J R, 33, Jakkalskuil petrusville, Boer, 1974, RiversdalRademeyer P de v, 28, P/A General Mining Johannesburg, Geoktr Rekenmeester, 1 97s,

ErmeloRadley W S (Lid Nr 962), Malelane, Boer/WinkelierOmit above ilne please sorryRadley w s (Lid Nr 962), Matelane voorgestet vir dre U R in ,196g, Boer/winkelierRadloff F G T, 31, P/A McBobert de Villiers & Hitge, prokureur, tgT4,nelr.,riaRadloff G, Lidv an die U R se Landbou-Komitee in lg73Radloff J G, 27, Vlugopteidingskool pK Langebaanweg, Kaptein, 1973, pretoriaRadyn c H,31 , Sivestraat 26 Kuirsrivier, streeksekretiris danram, 1975, BeilvilreRall C C, 49, Van Eckshof Dougtas, Boer, 1965, parysRall E,40, Roosbank Heilbron, Boer, 1971, Johanneiburg

Raal F R, 29, Somerville Leonardville, Boer, 1977, AranosRall W H B, 29, Wesselstraat Bethlehem, Onderwyser, 1963, HarrismithRange N J, 31 , Die Hoerskool Douglas, Onderwyser, 1972, UitenhageRas J M N, 46, Mobir orie Maatskappy Jan smuis Lughawe, xtert<, igoz, srandertonRas W J, 38, P/A Stadsraad pretoria, Ondersupt Mamelodi, .l 96gRalhbone I E,35, Uitsig Steyilerviile, Boer, 1966Raubenheimer A J, Minister van BosbouRaubenheimer G J,33, P/A Raubies Meubelhandelaar Meyerton, Bestuurder, 1976, De

DeurRaubenheimer J, 30, P/A Malan en Raubenheimer Vereentging, prokureur, 1963Raubenheimer J G, 30, P/A Villiersdorpse Vrugte xo6p Bpk, s6kretaris/Bekenmeester,

1964, HumansdorpRaubenheimer J J M, 38, Dept van lndi6ronderwys ,,M6rewag,, N G Kerk Jeugsentrum

Nuttall Tuine Durban, Vakinspekteur, 1970, RustenburgRaubenheimer J J lV, 34, N G Gemeente Bloemvallei, predikant, 1967, VolmoedRaubenheimer L J,38, P/A Jan Krielskool Kuilsrivier, Skoolhoof, 1975, WorcesterRaubenheimer P L,28, S A U K Johannesburg, Adm Asst, 1974, WellingtonRauch J H (Lid Nr 1777), Pretoria, Brigadier (Afgetree)Raulenbach G E, 34, N G Pastorie Arconpark Vereeniging, predikant, i967, NelspruitRautenbach G F, 33, P/A Kohlerse Garage witbank, sekietaris/Rekenmeester, 1g73,

WitbankRautenbach G S, 26, Hodrskool Winburg, Onderwyser, .1 964, ExcelsrorRautenbach K D,37, lodestraal Boksburg, Kontroleur van Voorrade stadsraad, i971Bautenbach P F, 33, Hoerskool Gimnasium Welkom, Onderhoof, 1g67, SenekaiRautenbach P s, Direkteur RoNH en voorsifier permanente Komitee vir Nywerherds-

Vestiging, PretoriaRautenbach R C, 43, Rooikoppies Standerton, Boer, 1967, AmersfoortRautenbach S J, 34, Roodepoortstraat Warmbad. Onderwyser, 1914, pretoriaRautenbach W d v W, 35, N G Pastorie Bustenburg-Wes, Fredikant, 1965, KlaverRedelinghuys E w,40, Universiteit van Zoeloeland Empangeni, Registrateur, 1971, AliceRedelinghuys H J, 35, P/A Dept Bantoe-Onderwys pretorii, Ondeirvyser, .l 968Redelinghuys J A J,42, Perdefontein Djst pretoria/Universiteit pretoiia, Dosent, 1972,

VillieriaRedelinghuys J P, 35, Mosterstraat pioniersparklp /AAugistinium Bantoeskool windhoek.

Vise-Hoof, 1 976, KaribibReinach H A, 29, Voortrekkerslraat Ceres, Tandarts, .l g66, pretoriaReinecke C H S, 35, Primereskool Fonteine, Adj-Hoof, 1976, ZastronBeinecke C J,50, P/A Durban Deep Myn 137 Roodepoort, Mynkaptein, 1965, MayfairReinecke C J,31, P U vir CHO potchefstroom, Snr Lektor, 1973, potgietersrusReinecke G H,29, N G Pastorie Kempton park-Noord, predikant, 1966, pretoriaReinecke J J, 42, P / A Hodr Tegn Skool Middelburg Tvl, onderwyser, l 966, standertonReinecke J P, 34, P/A Munisipatiteil Empangeni, Adj-stadstesouiier, 197S, GraskopRerneke S, Lid van die U R se Landbou-Komitee in .1973

Reitman D (Dr),34,24stestraat 60 Menlopark pretoria, Kernlisikus, 196g, BloemfonteinReitmann E, 38, P/A S A U K Johannesburg, Sr lngenieur, 1g68Rens J P, 34, Die Hoop Kruisrivrer Uitenhage, Boer, t96ARetief A E, 32, Kenridgelaan 36 Durbanville, Genetikus, 1974, BeilvjlleRelief B R, 33, P/A Kavalier Films Johannesburg, Skakelbeampte, 1970, KaapstadRetief D J, 40, clydestraat 2 Murrayfield pretoria-, Uitgewer/Sakeman, j976, RustenburgRetief F P, 33, Karl Bremer-Hospitaal Beilviile, lnternia, 1967Retief F P, skakel sekretaris van die A B 1971 11977 - streekrade, Sprekers, Afstigings

Buite & Rustende Lede, navrae oor Lede, Statistiek, Vraelyste, posRetie, G M,54, P/A Stadsraad Pretoria, Asst Bestuurder Nie-Blankesake, 196gRetief J, 33, P/A Poskantoor wendywood Johannesburg, lngenieur Ukor, 1 975, RandburgRetiel J J, 24, Groenkloof Graaff-Reinet, Boer, 1973Retief J L, 29, Driehoeksfontein Murraysburg, Boer, 1975, Middelburg K pRetief P J, 33, Koninginsingel 426 Lynnwood pretoria, Spesiatis, .l966,

AtbertonReynecke C C, 37, P/A Beplanningsadviesraad van die Eerste Minister Pretola, Sekretaris

1 969, LichtenburgReynecke F J,35, P/A S A Polisie Atiwat-Noord, Luitenant, 1964, Vryheid

A90

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

Reyneke AF,32, P/A Sentraal - Wes Kocip, Bestuurder, 1970, BloemfonteinReyneke A J, 30, Eureka Plaas Chipinga, Boer, 1 973Reyneke A M, 44, P/A Poskantoor Ermelo, Hoofingenieur, 1975, pretoriaReyneke D A, 28, Turnerweg 7 Ladysmith, Ouditeur, 1971, VereenigingReyneke H ! C, 31 Kightleystraat 32 Brandfort, Onderwyser, 1975,-Wi-nburgReyneke J C, 35, P/A S A Vtoot Saldanha, Lt Kdr, 1 973, SimondstadReyneke J H T,36, willsonstraat 267,Failand Johannesburg, lnternis, 1971, BellvilleReyneke J P A,44, P/A Baanbrekerskool Boksburg, Onderwi,rser, 1964Reyneke M J, 36, Zuidesande Olifantshoek, Boer, i920, postmasburgReyneke s 14 33, stiglingstraat Floridaheuwets, T v Regsseur , 1971, porl EtizabethReynders L S v d V, 45, Ouditeurgeneraal pretoria, Ad; Beampte, 1966Reynolds J H C, 42, Perseel N 8 pongota, Boer, 1973, ErmeloRex E,31, P/A N G Gemeente primroseheuwer, N G predikant, 1974, VereenigingRheeder C G, 39, Ho6rskool Calvinia, Onderwyser, 1973, Doringbaai (WeskusiRheeder J, 37, P I A Hugenote-Koilege weilingion, Registrateur, i g77,'BroemfonteinRheeder L P,36, Volkskas Fraserburg, Besluurder,19l0, VryburgRheeders H J H, 34, Hoerskool Randiontein, Onderwyser, 1 968, SasolburgRichard B T,39, P/A N G Kerk Naboomspruit, predikant, 1973, pretoriaBichards J, 41, Messina Transvaal Ont. Mpy, passer/Draaier, 1973, HhodesiiiBichards W J, 44,U O V S Bloemfontein, piofessor, 1966, pretoriaRichter B W B, 28, Mieliespruit Bloemfontein, Boer, 1969Richter C G F,42, Leeukop Bloemlontein, Boer, 1964Richter C J, 32, Mimosalaan Kuruman, Mynbestuurder, l967, CarletonvilleHichter G J, 35, S A Polisie Komatipoort, Sersant, 1963, VaathartsRichter H A,31, P/A Union corp Goudmyn Bracken Trichardt, passer, ,1965, TrichardtRichter J, 35, Tvlse Prov Administrasie Johannesburg, Amptenaar, 1969, FlustenburgRichter J G M, 44, PK Derdepoort oor Rustenburg, G-eneesheer, 1 967, iretoriaRichter J H G, 45, clarendonstraat 47 Mafeking, Direkteur Nutrak spares (Edms)Bpk, ,1971,

PotchefstroomRichter M, 35, P/A Generar Mining Johannesburg, ouditeur, 1973, potgietersrusRichler R, 40, Bankdrift Koster, Boer, 1970, SwariruggensRieckert^H J,40, Spoorweghuis 278 Usakos/S A SeH, Masjinis, 1971, LuderitzRiekert C J H, 42, Elandsfontein Mooinooi, Boer, 1967, pretoriaRiekert H FP, 33 P/A Dept Verdediging Windhoek, Kaptein, l964, pretoriaRiekert H l, 33, Doringboomstraat Kempion parklBad, Snr Vakk Beampte, 1973, NelspruitRlekert J A,33, P/A Anglo/Atpha Dudfietd Lichtenburg, produksie Besluurder, 1925,

HennenmanRiekert P J, Lid van U R se Nie-Blanke Komitee 1973Ries G A F,42,P/A Die Burger Kaapstad, politieke Beriggewer, 1g74,pretoriaRies H E,39, P/A Bluff N/eat Suppty Durban, Blokman, t975, BergvilleRitson w E, 40, willem coetzerweg 5De Bruinpark/usutu KoolmyndlErmetol, Mynkaptein,

1 976, BreytenRobberts C S, 41, Emmasdalskool Heidelberg Tvl, Onderhoof ,

.1975, pretoriaRobbertse G F (Lid Nr 2837), Ventersdorp, HoofonderwyserRobbertse J A,42, Sefanjekraal - pK Rhenosterdoorns, Boer, 1966Robbertse J D, 28, Hindenburg PK Fort Louis, Boer, I 967, VryheidRobbertse N,33, P/A Altberg Sement prod Hlobane, Sakeman, 1969, VryheidRobbertse N J, 28, Dept Landbou Tegn Dienste Brits, voorligtingsbeampte, 1964, VryheidRobbertse P M, (Lid Nr 6546), Direkteur - Nasionale Buro vir opioedkunoige a uaatsxap

like Navorsing PretoriaRobbertse w P (Prof ) Dept van wetenskap p U vir cHo potchefstroom, Dekaan, i 963Robbertse H c G, 30, P/A N G Kerk Doornkroof Verwoerclburg, N G predikant, r976,

VanderbijlparkRoberts J G A, 34, P/A Clocolan Koop, Verkoopsman, 1 975, ReddersburgRobertson C 8,41 Uitkyk pK Sinksabrug, Boer, 1967, GeorgeRobins F W , 35, Munisipaliteit Johannesburg, Lokasie Supt, 1969Flobinson P J,36, Eerstelaan g1 Newtonpark port Elizabeih, N G predikant, 1971,

VanderbijlparkRobinson S, By Bondsraad 1965 Spreek hy hom uit teen die Jaag na,n Hoe

Lewensstandaard

A91

Rode H, 31, Woodlandsrylaan 1,199 pretoria, Geneesheer, 1973Rdder E E, 40, P I A Spar Foodliner Sasotburg, Sakeman, I 976, pretoriaRoeloffse J A, 40, P/A Volkskas Zastron, Beituurder, 1 975, pretoriaRoelofse C B, 40, N G Pastorie Milnerton, predikant, 1966, Groot BrakrivrerRoelofse C J, 34, Bellstraat Fort Beaufort, Landdros, 1 976. VredendalRoelolse E P,36, Roelcar (Eien) Bpk Strand, Besturende Direkteur, 1964, GeorgeRoelofse J J, 33, PiA Hoerskool Hottentotshoiland strand, onderwyser, 1970, iatedonRoelofse W, 39, PK Anerley Natal, Sakeman, ,l970,

VentersburgRoelverl D M, 35, P /A Ald Nie-Blankesake stadsraad Johanne-sburg, Dorpsbeplanner,

1969, Mayfair-WesRoesch N c, 37, Fernandi Meisieskoshuis Bethal, onderhool, 1972, VanderbijlparkRoets A L, 36, Miltonlaan 83 Orkney, Onderwyser, .l 974, OlifantshoekRoets C J, 27, N G Pastorie Lichtenburg-Oos, predikant, 1969, WarrenRoets F C, 44, Suidrand Hospitaat Rosettenville, Sekretaris, 1965, RustenburgRoets F W M, 38, Hoerskool-pietersburg, Onderwyser, 1966, NaboomspruitRoels J B S, 38, Dept van Justisie pretoria, Staatsprokureur, 196g, preioriaRoets J B S,38, Watersonstraat 52 Sasolburg, Onderwyser, l973, Kemplon parkRoets J C M,40, Landdroswoning Cullinan, Snr Landdros, 1975, FloridaRoets M J,31, P/A Distitters Korp Stellenbosch, Reklamebeampte, 1965, DurbanFloets P G W, 39, Blinkwater Sentrum Thabazimbi, Boer, 1971Roggeband w J, 38, P/A Gebrs Roggeband Elfdestraat 8 Delarey Maraisburg, Besturende

Direkleur, 1 967, LindenRhode A W, 37, P /A van wyk & Louw Pretona, lngenieur, 1974, SenekalRoodecD,33,KmdtsenekalstraatlgDanpienaarBtoemtonteinskakel byUovs4.2.76.

Professor, 1 970, PietersburgRoode J E, 30, P/A Maizekor Sitverton, Sakeman, 1977, LichtenburgRoode P N F, 35, Pi A All-o-Matic Transmissions/Rosestraal 73 Florida, Rekenmeester.

1975, Heidelberg TvlRoodt E J,34, Roodt Apteek Parys, Apteker, l96TRoodt H J, 32, S A Polisie Port Elizabeth, Speursersant, 1 966Roodt I J,41, Blaauwbank Lichtenburg, Boer,1968Roodt 1, 39, Posbus 185 Welkom, Argitek, l 965, JohannesburgRoos D J, 45, Meerhof Hartebeespoort, Skoolhoo,, 1972, preloriaRoos J G W, 36 Wegestraat 03 1 Mindatore Witpoortjie,.N G predikant, l 971 , KrugersdorpRoos J H (Lid Nr 3831 ), Bellvitte-Wes (Voorgestel vir die U R in 196g), predikanjRoos J J, 4'1, Rooikoppies 44 Brits, Boer, 1964Roos J R,31 , Collettstraat 5 Adcockvale/Tegn Kollege p E, Rektor, 1970, VereenigrngRoos S M,48, Doreg 3 Rosslyn Pretoria, Beeldhouer, 1974, GroblersdalRoos S P, 53, Skurweberg Dist Pretoria, Skoolhoof, 1968Roos T J (Lid Nr 7772), Somerset-Wes, 1963Roos W, 37, Blyvooruitzicht Laerskool, Onderhoof, 1963Roos W J, 34, P/A R A U Johannesburg, Uinv lngenreur, 1973, pretoriaRorich R B, 45, P/A Dept Justisie Grahamstad, Staatsadvokaat, 1974, StellenboschRoss A T, 45, Outenrqua Hostel George, Onderwyser, 1967, OlifantshoekRoss J J (Lid Nr 3018), Afgetrede Rektor Fort Hare - Voorgestel vir die U R in i96gRoss W, 46, Magaliesbergse Doring Koop Brits, Handelsbesluurder, .l

964, MarikanaRosslee D D,40, P/A Julies Haarkappersalon Heidelberg Tvl, Dameshaarkapper, 1969.

PretoriaBossouw A A, 40, Munisipaliteit Bellville, Berekeningsklerk, 1970, parowBossouw B 34, P/A Dept van Bantoesake Mooketsi, Adm Klerk, .l

96g, SpringsRossouw B J M, 34, P/A sanlam/corristonweg 16 Rondebosch, streekbestuuider, 1 97s.

BellvilleRossouw D G,42, Erweestraat 34 Wesselsbron, prokureur, 1976, Odendaalsrusrossouw D J,26, Sekond6re Skool Vanwyksvlei, Onderwyser, 1964, prins AlbertRossouw G, 49, P/A Amkor Johannesburg, Asst Sekretaris, 1 967, MeyertonRossouw G U, 36, Faganstraat 4 Marlands Germiston, Vise-Hoof, i975, NelspruitRossouw H A, 32, P/A Hodrskool Bonnievale, Onderwyser, 1977, StellenboschRossouw H W, 32, P/A Universiteit Stellenbosch, Snr Lektor, 1966Rossouw JD,27, Badenhorststraat 4 Albertinia, Onderwyser, 1969, Van WyksleiRossouw J H, 30, P/A Dept Landbou Tegn Dienste pretoria, Skeikundige, j96g

492

,i

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-"'ffi.i,:# A' 40' P/A Arrikaansmedrum Noordskool Pietersburg, Ad1-Hoof, 1969,

Rossouw J p H (Lid Nr 7745), Springbok, 1 963Rossouw M J (Lid Nr 7675) Xleir,sO"orp, bnO-e]wyser, 1962Rossouw M J K, 30, p/A Dorp^sraad Duiwerskroot, besononeios-rnspekleur, 1976, pretoriaRossouw p A,44. Vaatbank Cotignv, aoe;lvert;eiivooroiger, tszoRossouw p A G, 32, Atdelingsraid pifutO"rg, c;ono tnspekteur, tg65Rossouw p D,28. p/A piete"r nos.or* a vEnnoii"pr"tori. Argirek. 1965, uitenhageRossouw P L,36, Mllldeneslraat t0 Tiervlej, GenJesheer, ,l967,

GeorgeFlossouw s N 47, shaft sinxers 1on"n1".1r[" r"o"ni,u*,ng"n,u ut. lgT4,strrfonteinHossouw T J. 3g, p/A Welvaart Koop pK Traiat Bestuurder, j969. KaapstadRossouw w F' 37' p/A parrement xurp.r"olnii loorrerenmeester, r977, vrshoekRothmann A, 30, N G Kelk rylelers.n",ig Fi"Oir,".t,'.1 967, JohannesburgRothwett T W, 29, patmweg S0 Durban, r.nouiii'i'gos

Rosseau B G,34, p/A Oosend Sitrus pakhuliWtrri,ii", Bestuurder, 1965, KakamasRosseau J W, 35, Die Eike Caxton*"g f,,,"uJo*i,jnql{u3p.,u. Veearts, 1970, WynbergRousseau p,43, perseet r77 DeroepJori erg,i.i, jbzo, CarteronvileRousseau p E (Lrd Nr 2712). Sasot ionanneJO,Jig,'d".trrunde DirekteurRousseau P J, 29, Leedssinger 1 7 pinetown,-iro[u ]reur, t97s, Graafr-FieinetRoux A A, 40, MOresonlaan 4 Durbanvitte, Genee-sfreer, 1968, BellvilleRoux A A,2t.Die Erf pK Vyeboom, eoui'1%2, Viilie,soorpRoux A J A (Dr), Hoof van Atoomkragraad

-- ' ' "

Roux A P,33, p/A Sentrale Vliegskodt Ounnottar, Maloor, 1965, pretoriaRoux A P, 34, Sentraal Wes Koo"p xterfsJorp,'5elieians 1964, StrandRoux D F, 32, Etandsrivier Viilielsdorp, eoei'rgii "'Roux D G, 30, 7 S A I Bourke,s f_ucf<'Craitop,-iaplein, 1975, Ladysmith NatatRoux D J,31, p/A Orknevse Laerskoot Oifr"V dIOLr*y."r, 1963, pretoriaRoux F du T, 31, Nobtesfontein Vicroria-Wu, 6oJi,''i'ezr, preronaRoux G H, By Bondsraad van r 965 praat ny oor oie xroof tussen die Godsdiens en dieWetenskapRoux G J, 29, Goede Hoop Franschhoek, Boer, 1 964Roux H, 35, p/A S A Weermag Vathalla, Offrsier, i6ZS, trtuizenOergFloux J A V A,44. p/A Staatsd-ienskomissie pr";iir, Adm Beheerbeampte, .1g65,

MalmesburyRoux J F, 37 p/A rvrunisroalrteit Krerksdorp, Bou-rnspekteur, 1g74, HartenbosRoux J H J.39, ptot 29 Vastfontein pretoria, OnO",iri."r, rgzZ*"J;*;.,Or, 34,ptA Assl Komm u"nG"u-g"u";isJe lverwoerOburg), Brigadier, .1975,

Roux J P, 38, Maroelastraal 2l Birchleigh, Ingenieur, .l g75, pretoriaRoux J P,31, Universiteir Koilege wu. Rr"pizno'/dervire, Lektor, r967, pretoriaRoux J p, 44, S A S Johannesb-urg, frexrio iigenie;, rg64, prerorialoux .] ! (!io Nr 7746), Warerpooir, rg63xoux J W, 34, p /A C V R Ximnertey, Sekretaris, 1967, RiversdatRoux L A D,43,p/A N G Kelf Stiltontein, iiuoit."f jsoa, Reddersburg O V SRoux M J, 33, p/A Distillers Steltenbosch, aO, el.irrrOur, 1966, paarlRoux P D A, 37, p / A Ho.rskoot Vereeniging, Onl!"rir*y."r, I 964, VaatwaterRoux P E J, 42, Kerkslraat g Vryburj,-SXiv.'*"rr"i itjzzFloux S T, 34, Monreithooro z ouroali_ru"6rJ, pri"rb.s 1974, CarotinaRoux G W A. Zt, Esetsktoof Britstown. A;i'rgi0-'"",Rust H E, 31, Kerkstraat 84 Welington, Geneelirier, r gOSRust N J A, 30, p/A Universiteit StLrrunOoi"n, L"iior.,'rgzS, MatmesburyBykaart H J, 37, palmietfontern VentersJorp, e*r,'iSiOSRyke P A J, 40, p U vir CHo pot"nurst,oo,i, F;#.;;;, 1967, Grabouw

s

saaiman J C' 36, Schamrockstraatr 3 Ferndare - Uilbr Nr 3, Assr-sekretaris,1971,, PretoriaSaaiman P J, 36, Volkskas Kru.gersdorp, Rekenmeester, 1965, potchefstroomSaayman B, 33, Huis Koornhof-Laingsburg, OnJ"i*yser, 1975, Bellville

E

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iii

A93

Saayman N J L,43, P/A Volkskas BPK Clocolan, Bestuurder, 1975, BellvilleSaayman T 1,29, Tdelaan 3 Lugmagbasis ysterplaat/S A Weermag, Navigator, ,1976,

PretoriaSadie J C, 39, Primere Skool Utrecht, Onderwyser, 1965, StellenboschSadie J J J,43, Hilton PK Macheke S R, Boer, 1966, MalmesburySadie M, 38, Lucretia Winburg, Boer, i966, WetkomSamuels H J (Prof)Sans P J, 39, PK Marchand, Onderwyser, 1963Saunderson J W,32, Pringlestraat 5 Vanderbijlpark, Dosent/G O K, 1977, Alberton/

JohannesburgSchaaf G W, 31, Avontuur Grootfontein, Klerk, i968schabort P J, 34, Umgwezistraat g Emmarentia Johannesburg, Advokaat, 1970, AlbertonSchaflner V,38, Luytstraat Franklort, Apteker, 1967, Heidelberg TvlSchalkwyk A P, 45, Middelwater De Wrldt, Motorhawe-Eienaar, 1971, VerwoerdburgScheepers C F, 32, P/A Ekonomiese Raadgewer V D E [/ (Verwoerdburg), Adlunk-

Direkteur, 1 976, BellvilleScheepers C H H, 36, Herbert Bakerstraat 41 Groenkloof preloria, Openbare

Rekenmeester & Ouditeur, 1972Scheepers D J J, 37, N G Pastorie Wesselsbron, Predikant, 1 965, VryburgScheepers E, 32, Prim6re Skool de Hoop, Onderhool, 1 976, Graaff-ReineiScheepers F A, 46, P/A westransvaalse Bantoe-Adm Raad potchefslroom. Direkteur.

1974, ErmeloScheepers G A,46, Spoorwegkollege Esselenpark, Instrukteur, 1967, DavelScheepers G C, 34, Haarhofstraal 21 Groblersdal, Apteker, 1975, SabieScheepers G J A, 40, S A S & H Vryheid, Werktuigkundige, 1977,LadysmithScheepers G M J,35, Jansenslraat B Ladysmsith, Fabriekseienaar/lng, -l973, pretoriaScheepers H E,45, Stilton PK Senlac Bray, Boer, l97S, OdendaalsrusScheepers H P, Ottosdal - By 1969 Bondsraad praat hy oor GodsdiensonderrigScheepers J A, 42, PK Hartland oor Paulpietersburg, Winkelier /Boet, 1974scheepers J F J, 34, P/A Van zyl scott Naude & Buys pretoria, ouditeur, j974, pretoriascheepers J H,42, P/A Universiteit Kollege v d Noorde pietersburg, 1969, witsieshoekScheepers J H, 44, Sigoreibeheerraad Alexandria, Afdelingshoof, 1067Scheepers J J, 32, Omdraai Bethlehem, Boer, 1964Scheepers J J,40, Van Veldenstraat Brits (N G Sending), predikant, 1971, CarolinaScheepers J K, 48, Ficks Alexandria, Boer, 1 973, pretoriaScheepers J S K,40, Genl Kockstraat 132 Welgelegen pietersburg/Boland Bank,

Takbestuurder, 1 975, PretoriaScheepers L, 36, P/A Triomf Kunsmis/Kleinstraat 94 Ermelo, Landboukundige, 1977,Fott

BeaufortScheepers S P P,38, Ziervogelstraat Cradock, Tandarts, 1965, WinburgScheepers S W J, 35, Sewefontein Bethlehem, Boer, 1971Scheepers T, 41, Laerskool Swartruggens, Skoolhool, 1964, LydenburgScheffer, Wolmaransstad, N p Komitee, 1966Scheffer J H, 47, Andersonstraat 402 Menlopark pretoria, Sakeman, 196gScheffer J H, 35, P/A Yskor Pretoria, Skakelbeampte, 1 973, JohannesburgScheltema J C, 33, P/A Dept Landbou Barkly-Oos, Vakkundige Beampte, I 975, AberdeenScherrer A J, 29, Kemptonweg Kempton Park, N G predikant, 1971, port ElizabethSchickerling J K, 39, Bosbult Delareyville, Boer, 1964Schickerling w G, 46, Dept van Binnelandse lnkomste pretoria, ondersekretaris, lg65Schieke K, 52, De Wetstraat t0.1 Krugersdorp, Skoolhoof, 1964, MorgenzonSchlunz G l, 49, Bergzichtstraat Malmesbury, Elektrisiein, .1967, KaapltadSchlebusch P L, Minister van Binnelandse SakeSchmidt A C J E, 36, Wykom Louwsburg Natal, Boer, 1968, VryheidSchmidt R,31, P/A N G Sendingpastorie Molteno, Sendeting, i965, ximberteySchmidt W W, 29, Kirkstraat Maclear, Sakeman, 1967, pieleisburgSchneider D F, 34, P/A Universiteit van Stellenbosch, Snr Lektor, ,1969, paarlSchneider D J, 34, Uitzicht Wellington, Veearts, 1964, paarlSchnetler J F, 30, ldastraat 9 Oberholzer, Veearts, 1967, Krugersdorpschoch A E,42, Banhoekweg 191 stellenbosch/universiteit van stellenbosch, snr Lektor,

1977, Grootfontein

A94

Schoeman A D,40 p/A yskor pretorra, Asst Aankoper, 1963, Graaff_ReinetSchoeman A M, 28, Vierdestraat 2t Fochvrlle, O-nO"Jrwyser, tSOeschoeman Ben (Lid Nr 3613) .voormatige rr,,tiniri"ir'rn Vervoer - Voorsitter van perskor

Schoeman C, 49, p lA S A polisie OorOTecni, S-e-rsant t968, SterkstroomSchoeman C F, 44, Esselenstraat Og potcneistroJir, professor, t 9OOSchoeman c F s, 31, Leydstraat 25 Morehiil B.;;;l Tandarts, 1974, pretoriaschoeman c J, 46, s A s & t-t xorietontein, stu.i"r"".t"r, rg66, oranjerivierstasieschoeman D H, 36, Erherweg g Brandwacht woi.u.iur, onderwyser, 1g74, Beaufort-wesSchoeman D W, 29, Moordenaarspoort OorOrecm,

-doer, l966Schoeman G D, 44, Munisipaliteit pretoria, net<enm-eester t SOO

Schoeman G S (Lid Nr 771S), Bloemfontein, f"t tor,-.r gOZSchoeman H, Minister van Landbouschoeman H M' 34, p/A cicira oprerdingskoor umtara, skoorhoof, 1965, pretoriaSchoeman H W,45, p/A Stadsraad prer6;ia, Adi-iierx van die Raad, 1967, Worceslerschoeman J,32' p/A Joe schoeman a xie spirngiontein, prokureur, 1973, pretoriaSchoeman J, 42, Lomanqundiweg 47 nronoirE s"-rlsbury, sakeman, 1966, BrokenhiilSchoeman J G, 34, S e lugOiens-.jonannesOrig, loods. 1965. KaapstadSchoeman J H,40 p/A Stewarts & Lloyds Vei"lniging Beplanner, 1974Schoeman J H, 29, Marsh_arsrraat szo iriereriourgdpz"A pidtersnuigsi HoerstootOnderwyser, i 97 4, ptelonaSchoeman J J, 38. Kinosley-.liTl 9 Vanderbijtpark, Sradsgeneesheer. 1966, Fouriesbergschoeman J L s0 p/A"Fruis verdman Ermerd onderwyser, 1969, VereenigingSchoeman M G, 34, Brandbach Cuilinan, aoli, 1 g; potchefstroomSchoeman N M, 35, Transvalie Morgenzon fvf, Aoei 196g, HendrinaSchoeman p C, 37, S A potisie Gro5lersdal, no1_6,1;;,.,, tSOS, eotgi;re,s,r.Schoeman P G, p U vir CHO potchetstroom, elri n"girtr.t.ur, .l

963Schoeman P J A, 30, Bronkhorstfontein Vott<sruii, Aoer, t gOz, DordrechtSchoeman P p,34, p/A Ho6rskoot Sasotburt, Vis"_ioof, rgZa VeieenigingSchoeman P S J A, 38, p/A Laerskoot Oras[op, -Sroolhoof,

r SO+,-XinnJiyi VareSchoeman S E,32, p/A Ho.rskool Vaalharts, OnJui*y."r, 1975, Sterkstroomschoeman s J, 30, N G pastorre r-aoyorani-irrooril preoit<ant, 1970, steilenboschSchoeman S J, 31, p/A S.A Orrelboiers pretoila,testuurder, 1963, LydenburgSchoeman S J 38, Dept Wysbegeerre Untreiiite,t -piero.a,

Lektor. 1964, BritsSchoeman T F. 39. p/A S A We-ermag preto,ia, iapier.r'. 1974. pretoria-NoordSchoeman W G, 36, p / A Zinkor Nige[ Voorman palse, r SZSschoeman w J, 38, werke-ontwerpln rekenkint yst o, rue*cu.ile, superintendent, 1 973,VanderbijlparkSchoevers J E, 34, Stoerfontein Vicloria-Wes, Boer, 1964scholtemeijer G J H, 29, p/A sentraar-wes xoop porcnefstroom, Bemarkingbestuurder,1973Scholtz A P, 37, Mielieraad pretoria, Asst Bestuurder, 1967

::Pil1 : y z;^30.,,yl.o9flposr Krmberrey so",-isis, ventersdorpbcnorrz u A' 30, Maripi Bantoe opreidingskoor/p/s Acornhoek, bnderwyser, 1g67,Lydenburgscholtz D H'34,p/A D J de Viiliers schortz & v d wart Johannesburg, prokureur, i974Scholtz D J, 29, Huistenbosch papkuil, eo.r,lgz!,'OinietskuitScholtz D J, 27, Lanoenhovenweg Hopetown, Onderwyser 1g77, paailscholtz H c c,40, K"remetart Nr 54 Gazankuiu, LrnJoror, 1976, Ladysmsith NatarScholtz H J S, 40, Doornfonrein, Otosdat, O;J;r*yr;;, 1964, DanietskuitScholtz I P, 46, Laerskool Kroonrand lonannesOurg, Stoottrooi fSiO, Xempton earkScholtz J A C, 49, N G pastorie Nietverdrend, ii"Oit*t, l 964, Kuruman:"|,oll. { 4 { 38, Migdotskool Schweizer-ielrer<elvile-noor, 1974. Schweizer-RenekeSchottz J C, 31, N G pastorie Amatia, predika.r,lgii SteilenboschScholtz J W K, 25, p/A Skootraad-xor.staJ, G[retIi,I, rgos King Wi'iamstownscholtz P A, 30 Jacobstraat 61 3 cezine/s A Forisiu o"pt, Luitenant, r976, pretoriaScholtz P F J, Lid van die U R se Ekonomiese _-X"oinee t gZgScholtz P F R, 55, Rondebultskool RonOeOuti St<ooiilor, 1973, GermistonScholtz p L, 41, p /A onderwysko,eg," c,""ii_RJ;;i"bo."nt, leo-a, vriinynroo,pScholtz P 1,36, N G Kerk Montagr,"p,"otiint, iS6i, Ko". S weScholtz P 1,48, Dept Arbeid pre-noria ELr.t" iOm tieampre 1964, Catvinia

A95

Scholtz W C,38, Snymanlaan 6 Brits, Geneesheer, 1975, Louis TrichardtScholtz W duT,44, PK Jacobsdal, Boer, 1963Schoombee J C L, Praat oor Onderwys by i 966 BondsraadSchoombie J M,40, S A Polisie Ottosdat, Adj-Oftisier, 1966, VryburgSchoombie H S,30, P/A Dept Hodr Onderwys Pretoria, personeelklerk, l968Schoombie J A, 36, P/A Tedelex Johannesburg, Kredietbestuurder, 1976, pretoriaSchoombie J C, 31, N G Paslorie Uilenhage-Noord, predikant, 1965, King WilliamstownSchoon W F, Veiligheidspolisie P/S 506 Oshakati, Luit Kolonetschoon w F, 40, Veiligheidspolisie/Buckinghamlaan 23 pielermarilzburg, Majoor, 1971,

DurbanSchoonbee G S, 43, Kalklontein Groblersdal, Boer, 1973, BronkhorstspruitSchoonbee J A,29. P/A Laerskool Plet Hugo pietersburg, Onderwyser, lg74, Louis

TrichardtSchoonees P C,37, P/A Afdelingsraad Worcester, Siviele lngenieur, lg65, StellenboschSchoonraad J,40, Lornaweg 21 Kimberley/S A S Bank, Takbestuurder, 1971,

BloemlonteinSchoonraad P F J,38, P/A Ysksor Pretoria, Klerk, 1968Schoonwrnkel J H, 34, Rissikstraat 1 5 Dagbreek/East Rand Engineering, Bestuurder, I 971,

BothavilleSchrader H D, 26, Huis 22 Oshakati, Geneesheer, ,l975,

BellvilleSchreiber F A, 38, P/A S A S Kantoor van die Hoofbestuurder, Johannesburg, Seniorklerk,

1 967, DurbanSchreuder H A,29, Humpatastraat Gobabis S W A, Geneesheer, .l

971, OshakatiSchreuder H A,48, P/A Paryse Hoeirskool, Vise-Hoof, igl4,p(eloriaSchreuder H F R, 44, Van Enkhuysenstraat Vredenburg, Hoofskakelbeample, l 975,

PretoriaSchreuder H O,44, P/A Munisipaliteit Wolmaransstad, Stadsklerk, 1968, Usakos S W ASchreuder P M,33, P/A Ho6rskoot Catitzdorp, Skoolhoof, t967, Redetinghuys K pSchreuder P v L, 31, Skuitjiesklip Vredenburg, Boer, 1964, KoringbergSchroeder H F,40, Laerskool Hendrik Vanderbijl Vanderbijtpark, Hoot, 1965, MaricoSchulenburg r, Op N P Komitee Wolmaransstad, I966Schultz D M, 36, Unisa Pretoria, Lektor, 1969, JohannesburgSchultz J C, 31, P/A Hodrskool Alberton/Du Plessisweg 1 Florentia Alberton, Vise-Hoof,

1976, PretoriaSchultz M J, 46, Endwell Aliwal-Noord, Boer/Klerk, 1974Schulze G E Y,32, Strydomstraat 28 Bailliepark Potchefstroom, Geneesheer, lg75Schumann C G W (Prof), Lid van die U R se ekonomiese Komitee 1973Schumann T E W (Lid Nr 1 133), Ondervoorsitter Aloomkragraad pretoria, - Voorgestel vir

die U R in 1968Schumann W A , 34, P/A Raad op Atoomkrag Pretoria, Navorsingsing, 1969, StellenboschSchurink R W, 42, Zwagershoek Lydenburg, Boer, l 963Schutle A P, 38, Universiteit van S A Preotira, Produksie Bestuurder, 1965, Schweizer-

RenekeSchutte B C (Prof), Onderwysfakulteit P U vir CHO Potchefstroom, Dekaan, 1963Schutte C E G,45, Cobhamweg l163 Queenswood Pretoria, Skeikundige, 1968Schutte C J H,34, Proteaweg 69 Middelburg Tvt/S A Potisie, 1971, preioriaSchutte C JH,27, Krompoorl Venterstad, Boer, 1968Schutte F R P, 30, Witbank Apteek, Apteker, 1964, JohannesburgSchutte F R P,32, Carterslraat 50 Vanderbijlpark, Onderwyser, 1971, KterksdorpSchutte G P, 38, P/A Unie Spoorweg Begrafnisondernemrng Germiston, Klerk, l964Schutte I C, 38, P/A Sentra Oes Koop Bpk Ficksburg, Adm Bestuurder, 1974, BethlehemSchutte J H, 44, P/A Gereformeerde Kerk Piet Retief, Predikant, 192S, potchefstroomSchutte J H P,29, P/A Van wyk de Vries Malan & Sleyn Fairlands, prokureur, 1g75Schutte J H T, 45, S A U K Johannesburg, Hoof Programontw, 1965, SenekalSchutte J W, 31 , Matiespoort Willowmore, Boer, 196gSchutte P C, 26, Kliniekskool Loopspruit, Onderwyser, 1968, SannieshofSchutte P J, 34, Barriestraat Vanderbiilpark, Geneesheer, 1 g67, KroonstadSchutte P J, 45, Klippan Sannieshof, Boer, 1 964Schutte S H, 34, S A Polisie Odendaalsrus, Luitenant, 1964Schutte W J, 39, Morgenzon Dist Louis Trichardt, Boer, 1974

A96

Schwartz H J,28, Nas Visserye (Edms) Bpk Kaapstad, Bestuurder, 1g70scolt_q { 39, swanepoellaan 3 Aldara parklBrjnk Roos & Du Toit Randburg, ouditeur,

1977, Prctotiascott L 8,31, P/A Hoerskool Genl Hertzog witbank, onderwyser, 1970, GrobtersdatScribante O E, 45, Belvedere Schweizer-Reneke, Onderwysei, tgZOSeegers L S, 35, S A U K Johannesburg, Supt Suid-Sotho Dlens, 1 974, KrugersdorpSenekal H E J (Lid Nr 3519), pretoria, Hoofonderwysersenekal J B, 42, P/A Laerskool Jan cilliers, Johannesburg, skoolhoof, 1 975, RandburgSenekal J H, 36, Universiteitkollege van Zoeland, profess&, i966, JohannesburqSenekal M L, 40, Sewefontein Bryanston, Boer, l 969senekal P P, 34, Perseel 217 Kameeldrift/New world Apteek pretoria, Apteker, 1970,

Pretoriaserfontein D D,44, Danfordstraat 27 Bethal/Volkskas, Bestuurder, 1976, HartswaterSerfontein D D, 33, Maroelastraat 16 Randparkrif 3 Randburg/wonder-Tuinbou-produkte,

Bestuurder, l975, Nelspruitserlontein F J, 30, De wetlaan 5 Mosel uitenhage, N G predikant, 1977, stellenboschSerfontein J A, 35, Spioenkop Springfontein, Boer/Ouditeur, 1970, BosholSerfonlein J H, 42, P/A Volkskas BpK Marble Hall, Bestuurder, 1914, FochvilleSerfontein J H P,31, P/A N G Pastorie Germiston, predikant, tg7l,pretoriaSerfontein M, 41, Volkskas-Durban, Rekenmeester, 1966Serfontein P R,46, P/A Naude & Naude Bloemfontein, prokureur, 1969sersfontein J D,44, Durbanstraat 33 Fort Beaufort/Bantoe Hoerskool Healdtown K p,

Onderhoof, 1 971, BloemlonteinSevenster J J, 42, N G Pastorie Kotfielontein, N G predikant, 1971, StelenboschSherman T W W, 42, Bonuskor Kaapstad, Sekretaris, .l964, KimberleySidler L F H 49, P/A Dept Gemeenskapsbou pretoria, Klerk, 1966, (imberleySieberhagen C F,31, P/A N G Kerk pretoria-Wes, predikant, 1968, VaalhartsSieberhagen N, Spreek Bondsraad loe oor KleurilngeSiebert M A,39, N G Gemeente Amersfoort, prediklnt, l977, GermistonSiebrits A M, 37, Gladiatorstraat 90 Kemplon parklS A L, Kaptein, 1971, Franschhoeksiepker A J, 46, P/A Dept Landbou Tegniese Dienste Middeiburg K p, Asst Direkteur,

Karoostreek, 1 976, PretoriaSiertsema H H,41, P/A Hospitaal Krugersdorp, Superintendent, 1963, KlerksdorpSimpson J A,32, N H Pastorie Durban, Predikant, l975, BulawayoSinclair C, 32, De Unie Carnarvon, Boer, 1970, Victoria-WesSipsma J, 33, David Baxter 29 Pietermaritzburg, Onderwyser, 1974, BritsSkein E v E,31, Posbus 3 Humansdorp, prokureur, 1966, Oos-LondenSkein T, 27, Die Rand Jansenville, Onderwyser, 1969, port ElizabethSlabber J D, 32, Dept Landbou Tegn Dienste eueensrown, streeksbeampte, 1g64, AIiwal-

NoordSlabber J H W, 29, Sandkloof Matmesbury, Boer, 1970Slabber L J, 37, Braklaagte Dist Bloemfontein, Boer/Verkoopsasst, 1973, KimberleySlabber M M, 29, Middelpos Malmesbury, Boer, 1920Slabber P J W, 37, Leliefontein Hopefietd, Boer, 1975Slabbert B J, 38, Oviumbo-Oos Okahandja, Boer, lgtlSlabbert D, 28, Excelsior PK Danielsrus, Boer, -1964, BethlehemSlabbert J, 35, P/A N G Pastorie Beddersburg, predikant, 1967, BtoemfonteinSlabbert J A J, 29, P/A S A S & H Soutrlvier, lngenieur, 1976, StrandSlabbert J 0,38, Dudgeonweg 3 Rondebosch, Skoolhoof, 1975, portervjlleSlabbert M, 43, Tshiya Regeringskool Witsieshoek, Onderwyser, .l 973, Soutpan OVSSlabbert P H, 35, Sendingpastofle Brits, Sendeting, 1966, LeopotdvilleSlabbert S, 44, S A S & H Johannesburg, Kterk, 1967, pretoriaSleigh J W,38, P/A S A Vtoot Kaapstad, Kaptein, 1976, VredenburgSloet H A (Lid Nr 7767), Johannesburg-Noord, 1 963Smal P J, 38, P/A U P E Port Etizabeth/Rinalaan 19 Framesby, Lektor Opvoedkunde, 1 975,

WillowmoreSmal P J N, 44, N G Pastorie Mariasburg, predikant, 1964, pretoriaSmall J G C,35, Seselaan 35 Walmer Port Elizabeth/U p E, professor, 1971, pretoriaSmidt H C, 33, P/A Saambou Kaapstad, Fiekenmeester, 1968Smidt S A P, 39 P/A Volkskas Laingsburg, Bestuurder, 1975, pretoria

A97

Smit A, 33, Bo-Downes Calvinia, Boer, 1973, FraserburgSmit A A (Lid Nr 7684), Pretoria, Tandarts, 1962Smit A C J, 32, N G Pastorie Sonhoogte Germiston, Predikant, 1964, VereenigingSmit A K, 35, Bospoort PK Politsi, Boer, .l 965, PietersburgSmit A L, 40, P /A lndi6rkollege Durban, Professor, 1965, VilliersdorpSmit A P, 26, Voorspoed-Koshuis Middelburg Tvl, Onderwyser, 1963, BloemholSmit A P, Praat oor Christelike Sake by 1969 BondsraadSmsit B C V,46, David Glennysingel 7 Empangeni, lngenieur, 1975, PretoriaSmsit B F,34, Malutilaan 12 Doringkloof/Unisa Pretoria, Dosent, 1976, BloemfonteinSmit B H,30, N G Pastorie Prieska, N G Predikant, l970, PretoriaSmit C F, 30, Universiteit Preloria, Snr Lektor, 1974Smslt C J, 38, Scottstraat 3 Messina, Onderwyser, 1967, PretoriaSmit C J,30, P/A Geref Kerk Randfontein, Predikant, 1977, SchoemansvilleSmit C J B,31, Parkrylaan 9Arcadia Pretoria, Oor-Neus-en Keelarts, l975, PotgietersrusSmit C N, 34, P /A Dept van Bantoe Adm & Ont Windhoek, Hool Vakkund Beampte, 1967,

PretoriaSmit D J,30, P/A M E Wessels & Kie Bothaville, Ouditeur, 1974, BellvilleSmit D J, 42, Afdelingsraad Kenhardt, Sekretaris, 1973, UpingtonSmit D J E,30, Langstraat 42 Moselbaai, Onderwyser, 1971, PrieskaSmit D J v L, 38, Kaap de Goede Hoop Spaarbank Kaapslad, Bekenmeesler, 1 968, TiervleiSmit E,35, P U vir CHO Potchefstroom, Snr Lektor, 1969, LadybrandSmit e, 34, Hodrskool Voortrekker Kaapstad, Onderwyser, 1963, KimberleySmit E G,53, P/A Dept Hodr Onderwys Pretoria, Eersle Adm Beampte, 1968, PretoriaSmit E H, 33, Maranda PK Gravelotte, Boer, l969, PretoriaSmit F A, 38, Volkskas Prins Albert, Bestuurder, 1967, BellvilleSmit F J,45, Kerkstraal 19D Lydenburg, Posmeester, 1976, Kempton ParkSmit F P J, 34, Korhansrug Darling, Boer, 1974Smit F P Z, 34, Groblerstraat Pieterburg, Onderwyser, 1974, PretoriaSmit G C M,44, Laerskool Jan Van Riebeeck Springs, Adj-Hoof, 1968, Heidelberg TvlSmit G G,37, Landdroskantoor Boksburg, Landdros,1967, OueenstownSmit G J, 40, Komissarisstraat l Fouriesburg, Skoolhoof/Hoorskool, 197.1 , VirginiaSmit G J J (Lid Nr 2644), KaapstadSmil H C, 42, P /A S A Polisie Pretoria, Kaptein, .l 968Smit H H, Minister van Kleurlrng BetrekkingeSmit H V, 40, P /A Hoeirskool Sentraal Bloemfontein, Vise-Hool, 1975, HennenmanSmit H Z, 32, P lA Yskor Newcastle, Personeelbeampte, l974, VanderbijlparkSmit J A, 40, P lA Yskor-Utiliteilswinkels Sishen, Bestuurder, 1975, Uis S W ASmit J D A, 32, P lA Hodrskool Hofmeyr, Skoolhoof, 1967, PhilipstownSmit J F, 34, Soutpan Albertinia, Boer/Klerk, 1967, RiversdalSmit J G O, 44, P lA Volkskas Koppies, Bestuurder, 1977, KimberleySmit J H,34, Chesnutssttaal 74, Drie Riviere Vereeniging, Prokureur, 1976, BultfonteinSmit J H, 29, Sanlam Calvinia, Verteenwoordiger, 1966, AberdeenSmit J H, 46, P /A Depl van Justisie Sonderwater, Werkswinkelbevelvoerder,

.l 968,

Leeukop GevangenisSmit J H N, 35, Burensingle 3 Durbanville, Skoolhoof, 1973, AlbertonSmit J J, 32,PlA Dept van Vervoer Pretoria, Asst Hoofingenieur, 1974, ZeerustSmit J J, 35, P/A A T K B Pretoria, Klerk, 1968Smit J J, 32, P/A Alusaf Richardsbaai, Asst Supt Reduksie, 1973, PretoriaSmit J J,39, Sekond6re Skool Usakos, Onderwyser,1974, TouwsrivrerSmit J J, 48, P lA S A Polisie Pretoria, Kaptein, 1969Smit J J N, 39, Ebenhaeserskool Krugersdorp-Wes, Hoof, 1966, BritsSmit J M C, 30, Murraysl(aaL 32 Brooklyn Preloria, Advokaat, 1968, CradockSmit J M C, Algemene Bestuurder LandbankSmit J P 31, Antoinettestraat 4 Floridapark, Hoofkwaliteitsbeampte, 1968,

P rok la m as ie h euwelSmit J S, 36, Elvina Bethlehem, Boer, 1972Smit J W, 29, Prieska Vleiskodperasie, Boer/Sakebestuurder, .l 976, MarydaleSmit K H, 32, Landdroskanloor Marquard, Landdros, 1974, MosselbaaiSmit M C, 42, P lA Staalsvoorskotte Pretoria, Klerk, .l

968Smit M J, 39, Tegn Kollege Rustenburg, Onderhoof, 1970, Alberton

A98

ttt"Y"id:tl et ur Argevaatdigdes na Kongres van vereniging vir Beroeps-en TegnieseSmit M K' 25'p/A Laerskoor Mariepskop p/S Kraserie, onderwyser, 1g75, Haenertsburg

:_i,i.!#,!,?'-'ffifl"'r:y;:XXX;6i"'iv;;i*1; "; Ai;;;;;:;i;J,liri";elip skoo, -

umrr (J J,31, Volkskas SchweizerlReneke, Rekenmeester, 1965, pretoria:ril I 92 Alrika-tnstituut preroria, Navorser, l969, Williston:ril ! 4, 41, Driehoek rsumeo, a".il j6oo, oiiii:rll ! D (Jnr), 30, Doornriviersvtet-a",,;;llBl;,, rgzsSmit p de V, 34. Lenteson r.r"*."rtLlcllli;;;;; jstz, pretotiaSmit p rM J. 34. HujstandmanL,r"rresOJry dnjJiry.", 1966. CradockSmit P S 39. Huyerstraat 26 Delmas. Su(".rn

-r szSsmit s J J. 29 p'/A s n porlie ouioi"I Lr,i'"ir,.i ,,

s69 standertonSmit T C, 30, Deor oovoedkunde U;ir'Si;;;;;;ch, Snr Lektor, 1965, pretoriaSmit r s. 2e Bainsrraar sa"voiL N b;;;;idi"lez7 Ste,enboschti),,h3!i.nris 145el58 oeroeraan irr."[)ri"er.rkoolEtosha, onderhoor, te7t,Smith A J S, 43, S A S & H.Olifantsfontein, Snr tnstr Handel, i925, WindhoekSmith C C, 29, Bothsrraat Kestell, C."".Jn""", i'goz, etoemtonteinl.ill-,9deJ 3e, p/A B vs p,"to,[leoii'r"#rinol.noor

tgzsSmilh C F. 43. Silveroineweg 125 rrrr.jrrri.',"iiHieYJtoot Ranoburg. Vise_Hoof, 1970smith c J, 44 p/A Gre, tqe"ilsge- Bil"irr,i.,Jr., s'tiorraad-sekretaris, 1970. HarrsmithSmirh C L. 32. Van Roovenshei Wupun"ilS n'p-oii!',u. t_r,t.nrnt, 1970, pretorraSmith c tvt, 28, Netiesmitn_sportwinriJ e].;#irlt.;i. sakeman, 1964smfth D J, 33, p/A N H 1.,I N"*"rrir"] i,i.jin.i.i,,,rrr, os,",Smith D p, 42. Uvsslraar s oe aarlioo"Jg.i"[i,'i9;6 MakwassieSmirh D W L. 29, Durban oeep r ssio"j"pJ,ju. lr<'oroaas r gOzSmith E J, 4 l cypherkui r pnir ibrto*n, il"o'"Il"gd+"i.noo.,:rill E J J. 32. Cosbus 86 Koes, eoui j ezs

-"' ''bmrrn h C. 45. p/A,",no:Ojlg-Tu^.p

Laingsburg Bestuurder. 1968, WjllistonSmrth F W. 35. Mrddelbaie Skoot Cedarviile. Hoot, tgOA, patentie:rrll! 9 J, 28, Earlstraat e llewcastre, O,O1.*V.",., lrOe, W.,,,o,smith G J' 48' zasmraan wat"rrJGlrJr)te'i!

" werksvoorman, 1970, Brakpansmth H D, 38, N G Kerk o.dendr"r.ir.,'ij,Iiir,i'i irra, BloemronteinSmith H J,29, Trentstraar +z,uu'aytLto pL,.)Tr,'xfrnfisikus/W

N N R, 1971:Ti]|' I J 30. Mizpah Rouxviile. Boer 1964-'" '"' ''

smrth J, 38, ptettenberostggt W1O#o"JB.ttrilt" Rekenmeester, i977, Ste,enboschSmilh J A J, 33, tmoala"-Ko.shuis f"nrOa"rO'u] Oni"r*y..r, 1968, Nylsrroom:::ll 1,?,i^B p,.Sqo"ne wepene, E-ol-i iilol'pl"=,J,i,bmrrn J H 39' p/A Reorrhrikeinse publikasiei orioa]r]voorradebestuurder, 1974, Lesotho:ntill M c 28. Frisgewaaso utrechi bJ"ill izo. E,",",,,:rlll', lr/ O, SO. eZdXrysturgraad pretoria, lngenieur, 1973Smith N J, 31, N G pastorie"rsrri"ri"l.i;iloir.Xri"i;6o

ovslrilf ry J S 24, p/A Trust ernr B"ih"r, r;.inr"l[TrosSmith o, s2, P /A Wetkom coudmy;, A;st v..iir".lb'srpt, 197s, Zastrontt,li!;r'"t Pi A svsu var.ans,e6eiani;'Bpn ;;,il"";,dburs, Mpy sekr/sakeman. 1e74.Smith P J, 33, p/A Volkskas, Jansenville, Bekenmeester, i966, Carolina9rill", ? M (Lid Nr 321e), N H xerr preioiial bl"o,i..iSmith s c, 35, p/A Vorkska_s apt er"roii..tt".".r. !gzo. JohannesburgSmith W. 34. Gousblomstraat 16 Benoni, Klerk Stadsraad, .l

971smook r, 26, Hangkrip Hoster eueenst"*"' o.ilr*vser, tg70, Kimberrevsmuts H p v d M. 42. sunny.Gras. winlu,tonl slli, i szs Lydenburqsmurs N L, 44. witborsdar aa nanoroni.ln.'s.r,Iil"un ',gogsmsurs s du r. 40, N G sendinsger;;;i; il;;;i;", predikant 1e74, MatawiSnilders H J C (Lid Nr 1971), .r,iriunni.olrql;;ej"ir17,Snijders J F A 43 p/A Nederrand.. e"nIKrlprrri.5no"rr"L"nmeesrer, rg65, worcesrerSnyders H J C. 42. Klipfonrein t_eeuAoringsriil eo"i'l gZssnyman A de V. 26, noe,sroor H-o-JffinJ,li rijH]l'oloerwyser, r e6BSnyman A F, 40, Retieftaan ssr Lyi[,tionll""ilr.". ]'gro

A99

Snyman A J, 43, P/A Pietersburg Bottling Co Louis Trichardt, Besluurder, I968, PietersburgSnyman B J,49, Landdroskantoor Lydenburg, Landdros, 1965, PretoriaSnyman C, 34, P/S Spesiale Middelbare Skool Milnerton, Skoolhoof, 1976, Oos-LondenSnyman C F W, 33, P/A N G Kerk Grootlontein, Predikant, l968, StellenboschSnyman D P, 31, Anglo Vaal Johannesburg, Elektro Tegn lng. 1966, RandleasesSnyman F J,47, P /A Afr Woordeboekkantoor Stellenbosch, Hoofredakteur, 1963, RietbronSnyman G C, 40, P/A Raad op Atoomkrag Pelindaba, Wet Navorser, 1977, PretoriaSnyman G J,41, N G Pastorie Elandia Klerksdorp, Predikant, l963, CarolinaSnyman G J, 33, Volkskas Kempton Park, Rekenmeester,

.l 964, Barkly-WesSnyman G P C, 49, Liverpool Koedoeskop, Boer, l 966, PretoriaSnyman H, 47, P l AVeiligheidspolisie Despatch, Kaptein, l 976, PretoriaSnyman H G, 36, Navorsingsinstituut vir Tabak P/S Rustenburg, Grondkundigeseksiehoof ,

1 970, PotgietersrusSnyman H J,37, P/A S W A Landbou-Unie Windhoek, Sekretaris, 1975Snyman H L F (Dr), Lid van die U B se Ekonomiese Komitee 1973Snyman H W, (Lid Nr 5574), Pretoria, lnternisSnyman J J, 34, Ysterhartstraat 48 Birchleigh, Snr Tegnikus/SAL, I972, AlbertonSnyman J J, 28, Saambougebou Pietersburg, Argitek, 1964, PretoriaSnyman J L J,39, Gerel Kerk Bloemlontein-Noord, Predikant, 1967, Paarl

Snyman J P,40, P/A Volkskas Delareyville, Bestuurder,.l 974, Marble Hall

Snyman J W, 33, P/A Landbounavorsingstasie Dundee, Navorser, 1969, EstcourtSnyman N J,40, Luctorlaan 262 Meyerspark Pretoria, Lektor U P, I975, NylstroomSnyman N S, 30, P/A S A Speurdiens Kaapstad, Kaptein, 1974Snyman P A,36, Perseel 25D3 PK Hartsvallei, Boer, 1963, VryburgSnyman P J,37, P/A Hodrskool Vryburg, Onderwyser, 1968, LichtenburgSnyman P M,31, Orbankoshuis Otjiwarongo, Onderwyser, 1974, BloemfonteinSnyman R P G, 34, Gollstraat 1 Comet Boksburg, Onderwyser, I965, MaricoSnyman t,3.1 , Herv Pastorie Marikana, N H Predikant, 1973, RoodepoortSnyman W J (Prof), Teologiese Fakulleit P U vir CHO Polchelstroom, Dekaan, 1963Snyman W J, 32, Saambougebou Pietersburg, Geneesheer, 1 965Snyman W S, 34, Kerkslraat Heilbron, Rekenmeester, 1965, PretoriaSonnikus A J H, 37, S A Polisie Pietermaritzburg, Adj-Offisier, 1964, KokstadSpamer D J, 30, Noordstraat 2 Ladismith K P, Onderwyse(,1974, VanwyksdorpSpamer D W,38, P/A Universiteit Pretoria, Sekrelaris Med Fak, 1976Spamer F J, 34, Villet & Kie Bredasdorp, Ouditeur, l964Spammer S J, 32, S A S & H Vryheid, Personeelklerk,

.1 964, KokstadSpangenberg J P, 44, Carringtonweg 1 6 Kimberley /diamantveld, Skoolhoof, 1 970, Reivilo

Spies A J, 41, Volkskas riviersonderend, Bestuurder, 1967, Port ElizabethSpies A J, 39, N G Gemeente Vanderbijlpark-Oos, Predikant, .l 965, LadysmithSpies A J, 45, 1 2deslraal 93 Menlopark/Vleissentraal Pretoria, Veekundige Adviseur, 1 976.

NelspruitSpies A P,35, S A S & H Kleinstraal De Doorns, Stasie Voorman, 1966, Van wyksdorpSpies A S,53, Dept Binnelandse Sake Pretoria, Staatsamptenaar, 1967, RouxvilleSpies D J,4C,P/A Allied Bouvereniging Parow, Beleggings Adviseur, 1977, GoodwoodSpies H J, 34, Andragstraat 4 Welgemoed/Superama, Mpy Sekretaris, 1972, MalmesburySpies L P A, Praat oor Gesonde Ontspanning vir die Kind by Bondsraad 1965Spies M P D, 42, Munisipaliteit Afd Bantoesake Welkom, Adj-Direkteur, '1 967, KlerksdorpSpies N T, 44, Grasvalley Potgietersrus, Mynbestuurder, 1966Spoelstra B, 35, Universiteit van Zoeloeland Kwa Dlangezwa, Snr Lektor, 1973,

PotchetstroomSpoelstra T T, 30, Nederlandse Bankgebou Pretoria, Advokaat, 1 965Spruyt O W,40, Charlestraat 526 Menlopark Pretoria, Argitek, 1974, PietersburgStadler J HE,44, Casperlaan 560 Eloflsdal/S A Polisie Pretoria, Adj-Oifisier, 1970'

PietersburgStafford B, 33, Laerskool Aranos S W A, Skoolhoof, 1 970, VryburgStafleu A, 43, Lapworthweg 7 Gresswold Johannesburg, Rekenmeester, 1966, Pretoria

Stals C L, 39, S A Reserwebank Pretoria, Asst van die Presidente, 1974, PretoriaStals E L, 28, Universiteit Stellenbosch, Lektor, 1967Stals J P, 32, Hoewe Nr 70 Houtkop Vereeniging, Apteker, l971, CaledonStals W A, 36, P/A U P Pretoria, Lektor, 1 969, Slanderton

A100

lr

li Stander A H, 35, Hoerskool Touwsrivier, Onderhoof, i969, eueenstownSlander A H J, 50, Hoer Tegn Skool de Wet Net Kroonstad, Hoof, 1966, OudlshoornStander A M,32, P/A Laerskool Verkenner port Elizabeth, Onderwyser, l974, KnysnaStander C H, 35, Keurboomstraat 22 Milnerton Kaapstad/Kaapse Trousseau-Huis,

Bestuurder, 1978, ReitzStander F W,41, Nywerheidskoot Ottery Kaap, Onderhoof, 1965, RetreatStander H F, 43, Bothastraat I Rheederspark Welkom, Mynkaptein, 1 966, SpringsStander J, 37, Heidestraat Caledon, Onderwyser, 1976, UniondaleStander J C W,41, Onderwyskwartiere pK Ganspan, Onderhoof, 196g, UniondaleStander J H, Voormalige Direkteur van Onderwys NatalStander J H (Lid Nr 770), Durban, Pensioentrakker (Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968)Stander K, 44, Hendrick & Stander Saambougebou Kaapstad, Argilek, 1965, GeorgeStapelberg H J, 28, Hoopstraat 6 Bonnievale, Onderwyser, 1972, UmlataStapelberg J J, 51, S A Weermag Bloemfontein, Kolonel, ,l965,

OudtshoornStarke U H, 35, PK Malelane, Boer, i965, DurbanvilleStarker L B, 43, Drostdy Dordrecht, Landdros, .l

975, Oos-LondenStassen C J, 36, Culemborgsingel 15 Stellenberg, Onderwyser, 1972, UpingtonStassen D J, 33, Afdelingbestuurder S A S Kaapstad, Klerk, j966Stassen P J, 33, Hoo,straat Moorreesburg, Skoolhoof, 1 972, VredenburgSteel H R, 39, P/A Goudstadse Onderwyskollege Cottesloe J H B, Lektor, 1963,

PotchefstroomSteenberg F J, 44, S A S & H Johannesburg, Hoofklerk, 1g66, WolmaransstadSteenekamp A J,24, Dennelaan Bainsvlei, Onderwyser, 1966Steenekamp B 8,37, P/A Dept Bantoe-Adm & Ontw preloria, Staalsamptenaar, 1969Steenekamp D S, 46, Perseel 69 Kakamas, Boet,1g77, Aliwal-NoordSteenekamp J C, 34, Doornbos Magaliesburg, Boer, 1 965, JohannesburgSteenekamp J H, 31, N H Pastorie Crosby Johannesburg, predikant, tg6+Steenekamp J H, 33, Lindeslarne Barkly-Oos, Boer, 1975Steenekamp J S, 43, Sstestraat g1 Menlopark pretoria, Onderwyser, .l 965Steenkamp A J, 35, Windhoek PK Dullstroom, Boer, l965Sleenkamp A J,30, P/A Mobll Otiemaatskappy Jan Smutstughawe, Kterk, 1963,

PotchefstroomSteenkamp C H,29, N G PastorieJansenville, predikant, 1967, port ElizabethSteenkamp C J,43, St Helena Goudmyn Welkom, Taketaar, 1966, VitjoenskroonSteenkamp D F, 36, N G Kerkoshuis De Wetsdorp, Onderwyser, .l g65, BloemfonteinSteenkamp G A, 37, Doornlaagte Steenbokpan, Boer, 1967Steenkamp G D J,48, P/A Volkskas Bpk Edenville, Bestuurder, 1974, pretoriasteenkamp G J, 32, P/A Trustbank Kaapstad, Beleggingsbestuurder, 1975, SteilenboschSteenkamp H P, 35, Popularweg 6 Dalpark Brakpan, Snr Onderwyser,1912, BrakpanSteenkamp H S, 39, Hertzogstraat Hartswaler Kaap, Apteker, jg67, GroblersdalSteenkamp J H,38, Vryheid cons Louwsburg/Ontevrede 124, Skeikundige, 1970Steenkamp J J, 42, Prositstraat Otjiwarongo, Onderwyser/}oer,1977, WindhoekSteenkamp LJ S,28, P/A N H Pastorie Ogies, predikant, I97S, OgiesSteenkamp L P,39, P/A S A L Jansmuts, Klerk, 1977, JohannesburgSteenkamp L P, 28, Langebergptaas Durbanville, Boer, 1969, Steilen-boschSteenkamp M D J, 34, Unitedgebou Kimberley, Advokaat, 1966, BloemlonteinSteenkamp P E,33, B S B Swellendam, Skaap & Woldeskundige, 1964, CalviniaSteenkamp P W, 42, Boesmanstad Aranos, Boer, 1974Steenkamp T J, 38, Pyppan Steenbokpan, Boer, I 975Steenkamp W F, 32, Geref Pastorie Lambton, predikant, 1966, potchefstroomSteenkamp W F, Kempton ParkStegmann J A,31, H/V Merrimanstraal

Ceres& Vincentstraal Wolseley, Onderwyser, .l

977,

Stanberg w F, 32, Leonoraweg 58 setcourt springs, Adj-stadstesourier, 1970, HeidelbergTvl

Steinmann R D,33, P/A SAUK Johannesburg, Adm Beampte, 1973, pretoriaStemmet F J, 39, P/A Hoerskoot Fakket Johannesburg, Onderwyser, 1 969, pretoriastemmet J G le R,3l, s A Polisie sunnyridge oos-Lo'nden, Luitenant, 1967, KaapstadStemmet J F,32, Hodrskool sand Du plessis Bloemfontein, AdJ-Hoof, .l969,

KroonstadStephens J R, F A K - Verteenwoordiger vir Natal & Oos-Kaapland

A101

Stevens J 8,41, S A Polisie Pretoria, Majoor, 1968, JohannesburgSteyl A, 35, P/A lndustrial Chemical Products Boksburg, Asst V D Besturende Direkteur,

1969, BloemlonteinSteyl G 8,34, Rouxlaan Franktort, Voorl Beampte Landbou,.l 974, BloemfonteinSteyl J F B, 29, Mysterie PK Likatlong, Boer, 1969Steyl J H, Senator & Tvlse Sekretaris van N PSteyl J L,40, Tevrede Pk Likatlong oor Bloemfontein, Boer/Eiendomsagent, 1975, Thaba

'NchuSteyl J M, 47,PlA Sekonddre Skool Harrismith, Skoolhoof, 1973, LindleySteyn A S S, 31, Broadacres Winterton, Boer, 1976, PretoriaSteyn B J,42, S A U K Johannesburg (N G Uni Dienste), Hoof, 1966, PielermaritzburgSteyn C, 31, Monluwoonstel Nr 3 Markstraal Carnarvon, Onderwyser, 1971

Steyn C E, 43, Correllilaan 814 Mayville/P/A Yskor Pretoria, Produktiwiteits-lntensieveringsbeampte, 1976, Pretoria

Steyn C W (Lid Nr 7698), Louriesfontein, Predikant, 1962

Steyn C W A, 35, P/A Cicira Opleidingskool Umtata, Skoolhoof, l970, HennenmanSteyn D, 39, Universiteit Pretoria, Snr Lektor, 1967Steyn D C, 37, Baden Montagu, Boer, 1970Steyn D G, 49, Hardapbesproeiingskema Distr Gibeon, Boer, 1969, GrootfonteinSteyn D W, 35, Pumalani Hoewe No 24 Pretoria, Onderwyser, 1972

Steyn D W, 42, Munisipaliteit Pretoria, Elektro Ing, 1965

Steyn E,33, P/A Boland Bank Bellville, Snr Klerk, 1975, SwellendamSteyn F D, 35, Brandkraal Winterton, Boer, I976, LichtenburgSteyn F L C,39, P/A Afdelingsraad Kenhardt, Boer/Rekenmeester, 1975Steyn F S, RegterSteyn F S,42, P/A National Bolts & Rivets Boksburg, Gereedskapverharder, 1967

Steyn G C T, 32, Sophiastraat 70 Fairland Johannesburg, Assl Bestuurder Vleissentraal,197 1

Steyn G D, 31 , Caro Nome 8 Geldenhuyslaan Bonaero Park Kempton Park, Geneesheer,1972, Pretoria

Steyn G F, 41, Volkskas Bronkhorstspruit, Bestuurder, 1964, Winburg OVS

Steyn G H (Lid Nrt 7296), Navorser - onderwysburo Preloria - voorgestel vir die U R in

1 968Steyn G M,34, N G Gemeente Universiteit-Oord Pretoria, Predikant, 1966, Belfast

Steyn H, 28, N G Pastorie Marble Hall, Predikant, 1967Steyn H (Dr), Lid van die U R se beplannings-Komitee in 1973Steyn H, 40,PlA Dept van Openb Werke Pretoria, Staatsamptenaar, 1968

Steyn H A, 36, PK Kanoneiland Keimoes, Boer, 1966Steyn H J, 36, P/A S A B S Pretoria, Wetenskaplike, 1968Steyn H L, 34, P I A Hoerskool Goudini Rawsonville, Onderwyser' 1 966, SteynsburgSteyn H S, 30, P/A P U vir CHO Potchefstroom, Snr Navorser, l977, PretoriaSteyn J A,27, S A Polisie Residensia, Adj-Offisier, 1967, VereenigingSteyn J C, 32, P /A Hugenote-Hotirskool Wellington, Onderwyser, 1974' BarrydaleSteyn J D J,40, N G Pastorie Potchefstroom-Noord, Predikant, 1969, WepenerSteyn J G D,41, P/A Yskor Pretoria, Mineraloog, 1967

Steyn J F,25, Ho6rskool Swartruggens, Onderwyser,1966Steyn J H, 42, P I A Volkskas Richmond, Bestuurder, 1967, AlbertiniaSteyn J M 1,33, P/A Stadsraad Nigel/Nie-Blanke-Sake, Asst Bestuurder, 1968, DelmasStevn J P S,35, P/A Volkskas Pretoria, Onderhoofrekenmeester, 1967, CradockSteyn J W,45, Concordia Knysna, Hoof Bosbouer,1963Steyn J W,36, P/A N T K Potgietersrus, Afdelingshoof, 1974, PretoriaSteyn K K,28, Corlinhol I Sesdestraat Linden/Hodrskool Linden, Onderwyser, 1970,

TzaneenSteyn M C,29, N G Pastorie Sunland Kirkwood, Predikant, 1966, SwellendamSteyn P, 42, Bostonslraat 20 Bellville/Caltex OIie (SA) (Edms) Bpk, Rekenmeester, 1977,

BloemfonteinSteyn P, 29, P lA Sanlam Bellville, Uitv Beampte, 1968, PretoriaSteyn P G,33, P/A Oude Meester Kelders Stellenbosch, Sekretarls, 1967, GrabouwSteyn P J, 40, Charmainelaan 24 Presidentrif Randburg, Chirurg, 1976, PretoriaSteyn P J, 37, Landdroskantoor Cathcart, Landdros, 1 967, Umzinto Natal

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Steyn p p,31, Beoonrastraat 17 Welkom, Onderwyser. 1976, Odendaalsrussreyn p R, 4j, HoErskoor r,mero dnilffi;;ltbu Heicietbers rvrSreyn p S, 34. Garestra.r s otii*a,o"d,'A;;d,."r. t976, porchefstroomSteyn p S, 36 p/A T p_A pretorri n.iiH"",ilrg iaaredepr. 1978, porche,stroomPl:ll I.r 28 Fiersat rheunissen, ao;l, isii'"

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t'ilJli.'"'1,|,: P/A rotal oriemiaiixa"piv'i"'n*r3ro*s, verkoopsbesruurder, rs67,Steyn W H, 33, Hutchinsonweg 2i Nigel, Geneesheer, i973, pretoriastevn w t' 41 '

p /A staarsdienikomr;;;;";;;;;, Direkreur opreiding. r 966. VentersladSteyn W J, 26, Tiendelaan sg EoenvaiJ.'"r.f'H"ir"#i,,.n,. 197i, pretoriaSteyn W J A,27. Witdebeesvlei Venterstad Boer, 1968t'i'J-H3,|,'r# .?'.""",i.13i.il,;i

l'i;;;;*:iJ!,,1 uon,o,,s/Ersburs Ho6r resn Skoorsteynberg M T. 36. p/A Saambou-Nasionaar Nersprurt..Bestu utdet, lgT4,potqietersrusstevnberg w F' 3T Erand Apteek Dr;;-',;;;" v;#"niging, Apreker. 1968, smithrrerdSteynbers w F U. 47. Svbranosr<raar i,K iy;;#;;;aal Boer, 1970, premiermvntt,&,.1,::,wersemoedstra"a3E;;;,;s"r"Jir"o"Ju,o,",r,ektris,errsard

1e7i.Stockenstrom F F, 34. Sanlam Wesselsbron. Verteenwoordjger, 1966. HoopstadStofberg J M, 34, Hosoiraalweg zs M,d;il,gliil"*". 1973, potchetstroomStofberg N E F. 38. Marine products ouroanvitt'e,'Hendomsbestuuroer.

t goq pnitaderphiaSrofberg p J p (Lid Nr sr99), Gene"J"*:'ir;olersoat -voorgesrer vrrdie u R in 1968Stofberg T c B' 44 pzn n6ei.*ooil"o", L#ii'.",isburg, Adj-Hoof, l969, GermisronStoftberg p A, 41, p/A Br xnerre xrrg", 6i"itl"rg,; ,rgo prerona. tngenieur, 1924Sloker H G, p U vir CHO potchefsr,oi.?"r".J"i,SOs

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Bronkhorstsoruit "nbrrgVoorspoedKo0p,stoormanZrn.p"riuJr, rszzStone G J, 56, pi A SantllSpringbok, Verteenwoordiger, 1968Slone H F. 42, premier Diamantmyn Cuff inan. fr,ly-n"oir","r, 1964, BatmoratStone J D, 40. waonerst.uat sr siroio"u;;,;.;;,iJ;i", sigma_Myn. 1e26, westonariaStone J v W, 45. p7A Geetwinker_Spii.go".;r. B""r.ijaxeman, r966Stopforth S H,36. Laerskoot .tan o6 viri"rr, n"r#."riei sxoornooi 1975, otliwarongostrachan L J, s6, p/A Hners[ooi Eru;;[;; i"i""to*s onderhoor is/i"ri"y",.tonStraszacker R L. s3, p/A EvkomJ-o;;#;r;; i11,,..,,,",. te6S, Ste,enboschStrating A (Lid Nr 6937) professor _ Wonder6oo,il-_ Voorg".tel vir die U R jn 196gStrauss A J, 40, Landdroskantoo. r.urlrr,in, i""loros, t goO, TheunissenSrrauss C A, 43, p/A Bar

1"191i0_r,0, n",l;;r."r.;#, 1s76, pretonaStrauss DFM 28, p/A uovs_abEmioniein,!?1l,,,or., rszqStrauss E D, 33, Dept Landbou nrr"p". iiii[."ioingr;"",np,.. 1974. Beauforr-Wes::::::: l-l I lI Jaskork Brandvrei riF, e;",,'reia,"'Drrauss H J' 39' Driekloof pos Burgerrivie.A e-wu"rr.g. Kaptein/Boe r,lg74.Ottosdar

ix#* H J (Lid Nr 25r2). proressJi-'dJ"r3;l;;,.ntein - voorsestervir die U Bin

!I:::: J J 34 Anniesdate wepener, Boer, 1971y,,qu>s L .r, rJ, rnoelbrechtstraat .1

g Oailands Krugersdorp, Dosent. 1g73slrauss N J, 37, p/A pres Steyrr_Myn W;il;; pulrro"n"urnerrpte, 1966, Theunissenstrauss p D' 31 N G pasrorie D"ri"t"n e"-nji"g]'il"o,*"n, 1 968, sterenbosch

", B;;i #.:,, .,on

i.:,;:[:; " 5t -ri#;'i;,i,",!oE,p

r s n s a H_ X.,i elil.;,*,.sStreicher D H, 40, p/A Leslie Apteek Lesile, Apteker, l 969Streicher J J Lrd Nr 5166) l

Streicher s -F 6 K;;; X.i,i!;,*'iitll - voorsester vir die U R in r e6B

Strercher W B v. 35. v55,t,er<iersria"i , il,;,Jfi. Sakeman, 1968. pietersburoStronkhorsr J H, 40, Oaktaan zoz r"irLi" n",iJo"u?g,.Cn,,.r.g, r97s, lonannesbirg

4103

StrLimpfer P S H F,33, N G pastorie Belfast, predikant, 1967, Burgersfortstrumpher J w, 30, Dirkie Uystraat 1s christiana, N G predikant, ig77, stellenboscnstruwig D J, 38, Gedenkstraat 36 Bethlehem/saambounasionaal, Bestuurder, 1g76,

Kroonstadstruwig D J, 42, Erma-oord B0.Riebeekslad, rngenieur, 1971, KomtikragstasieStruwig J H G, 32, Hodrskool Watervalboven, O;nderwyser, 1964, Morg6nsonSlruwig K D, 45, P /A N G Gemeente Meyerspark, predikant, t SZ3, lilntenOurgstruwig P w v R, 25, pK Adams Mission bor'Durban, onderwyser, t967, HeL6rberg tvrStrydom A, 28, N G Pastorie Vredenburg, predikant, 1964, Oudtshoornstrydom a (Duimpie), 42, Dunboynelaan .l

0 crosby/Nie-Blanke-Sake, Doettreffendheids-beampte, 1 971, Johannesburg

Strydom A C (Lid Nr 77lll, Ogies, Stasievoorman, 1962strydom lE,!?, Bentreystraai 12 Robertsham Johannesburg, onderwyser, .r g65, paarrstrydom A E, 38, opaalstraat 1 0s waverley pretoria, Navorsei/Rgn, 1 977, JohannesburgStrydom A H, 29, P/A U O V S Btoemtontein, Lektor, ,l969Strydom C D J, 43, S A S & H Johannesburg, personeelkterk, 1967, Oos-LondenStrydom C J, 41, P/A Volkskas Empangeni, Bestuurder, .l

968, MemelStrydom c P J,33, Primdre Skoor Hluhruwe, Skoorhoof, 1975, pietermaritzburgstrydom D T H,34, sesdestraal s7 Linden Johannesburg, Argitek, 1971, pret6riaStrydom E, 41, Skiereilandse Kollege vir GTo parow, vis;-Re-ktor, 1975, port eiliaoetnstrydom g, 33, Drs Keet de wet srrydom & Van os Trust Bank sentrumkaapsiao, ianoarts,

1973, PretoriaStrydom G J, 31, S A polisie Springs, Adj-Oflisier, 1970, UniondaleStrydom G J,36, N G pastorie Neilersdrii Keimoes, predikant, 1967, BarrydaleStrydom G L, 32, P/A P U vir CHO potcheistroom, Lektor, 1975, VryOurg'--

-

Strydom G R J, 32, Witbank Devon, Boer, ,1970, Balfour

strydom G s R, Posbus 28 Burgersdorp - Adverreer vir Hoofkrerk in BurgersdorpKodperatiewe Handelsvereniging in 1963

Strydom G S S (Lid Nr 7718), Virgrnia, Bestuurder, 1962Strydom

11 9,^49, P/A Spoorweghostel Netspruit, Huisvader, 1975, BreytenStrydom H F, 33, Landbou Tegn Dienste VrynelO, Hoofveearts, 1964, DundeeStrydom H J, 41 , P/A Ho6rskool Ben viljoen Groblersdal, Onderwyser, 1969Strydom H M, 25, Hodrskoot pelrusviile k p, Onderwyser, 1 968, SieilenboschStrydom J, 42, Witmotstraat lB Noupoort, Stagter, t970, De narStrydom J, 28, P /A Human Motors Bloemlontein, Bestuurder, 1973Strydom J F, 39, Doornhoek Bishopstowe pietermaritzburg, Boer, 1g77, BadplaasStrydom J H,36, P/A Sanlam Durban, Takbestuurder, 1973, Johannesburg'Strydom J H,33, Fredericktaan 49 Fynnland Durban, Onderwyser, 1971, ETmetoStrydom J J S, Greytown - Woon 1966 Bondsraad bystrydom J s, 32, P/A Hodrskool Voortrekker Bethlehem, onderwyser, 1g74, BloemfonteinStrydom K C, 30, Gannaklool pK Willowmore, Boer, lg75Strydom 1,48, Rietkuil Senekal, Boer, j967Strydom L J, 32, S A Polisiekoilege pretoria, Luitenant, 1974, VirginiaStrydom Yl J,29 Bertynstraal 5 Heidetberg Tvt, Geneesheer, t96S, KaapstadStrydom o A w,43, P/A Raad op Atoomkiag (ontdekkers park), weten'skaprike, .1977,

SasolburgStrydom P J, 37, Dassieskrans Jansenville, Boer, 1974Strydom R T, 33, P/A Alusaf Empangeni, Veitigheidsbeample, 1973, NewcastleStrydom s, 35, P/A Greykollege Laei Bloemfontein, Skoolhoot, lg73Slrydom s, 38, Universiteil van pretoria, Senior Lektor, 1963, VentersdorpStrydom S J, 32, Wortelkuil Jansenville, Boer, 1970Strydom S J, 36, Grensstraat 3l Tzaneen/S A polisie, Kaptein, 1970, pretoriaStrydom S J, 38, Hoerskool Orkney, Onderhoof, 1963, KosterStrydom S S,35, Bartleilweg 37 pinetown Natal, Skakelbeampte, l971, GermistonStrydom I T J, 34 Hoopstraat Jacobsdal, posmeesler, 1970, HertzogvilleStrydom W A, 49, Kanoneiland Kakamas, Onderwyser, 1964, eueenltownStrydom W F, 29, P/A Laerskoot Rietbron, Skoothoof, 1977, BeltviileStrydom W M,35, N G Pastorie Kenhardt, predikant, 1g65, pretoriastrydom w M de P,42,Bezuidenhoutstraat 13 Grenmarais, sakeman, r976, pretoriaStrydom W lV L, 32, Tiendelaan 84 Bellville, Onderwyser, 1966, Humansdorp

4104

"iT; H, oxfordsteeg 8 Lynnwood Manor pretoria

- Skaker by Universiteit van pretorja

sturring c H, 35, Gainsbolouqh:rlaar 31 De ra Hayels A s & H, rngenieur, l971, Kaapstadstulting G J, 33, JansonstraJt 2 Fr.rusby eoriEriaoetn, prokureur, 1970, GrahamstadSlutting J D,25,plA s A,.s & H lonanneiouig;i;krr, 1967, Ladismsitn xaapsuthertand F c, 32, p/A Hodrskoor r'rartin Huizen (akamas, onderwyser, rg73, oost-KeetmanshoopSwanepoel A, 32, panoramarylaan

91 , Steltenberg, Aktuaris, .l g7S, BellvilleSwanepoel A A,32, Klawerhoek Rouxviile, goei igooSwanepoet A C, 36, Beaufort Vryheid, A;r, i96S

"swanepoel A ril, 37, TdeLaan 24 kieservirLeLicnleiourg, N H predikant, .1972,

warmbad rvlswanepoel D E , 34, ilex 1 1 Kempton purkTr,runi.,puriteit, Asst Krerk van die Raad, r 970PietersburgSwanepoel D S,29, p/A.Laerskool Luipaardsvlei, Onderwyser, 1975, WitpoortjieSwanepoel E J,42, A E & C_t Modderfirntein, personeelbeample, 1973, GermrsronSwanepoel F, 31 , p /A N G pasrorie SatisOury eiJiikanr, I920, preroriaSwanepoer g, 37 '

p r A Dept van Landbou regn oienste pretoria, vakk Beampte, 1 968swanepoer G B H J,37, whites poriland c#unt ii"nt"nburg, Elektrrsien, 1964Swanepoet G H J, 36, Tulbachslraat S Afbera"le, I.x".rn, 1 971, Atbertonai:Hj]ffi,*: J, 33, Ho.rskoor Hortentots Hoirrnoiore,.set-Wes, onderwyser, 1e64,

swanepoer G J p,33, Aridastraat 24De Aarrp/AJ N Marars & Kie (oudireurs),Ouditeursklerk, .1977,

Riversdalswanepoel H L (Lid Nr 232g), professor in Regte polcherstroom

- voorgester vir die U R in1 968Swanepoel J A, 46, Greylingstraat potchefstroom, Onderwyser, 196g, Volksrustswanepoer J A, 47, Dooinb-urt DetareyuirrL aourlo-rd_ondeiwyser, rsbs, L"erifringst.oSwanepoet J A E,15, Sandrif Vaalwai., Aoli-rb7q", Ronkins passSwanepoel J G,33, N G Kerk Burgersfort, p,eOitrni, 1977, KimberleySwanepoel J J, 35, Mariasstraat t i Wetkom, Org N e, 1968, Virginiaswanepoer J J, 30, p/A rnst vir Eietydse o"skieoJnis uovs Navoirsei, 1975, BroemfonteinSwanepoel J J H, 39, Fraaiuitsig iouxville, go.r, f S619Swanepoel J N, Lid van die U H se Et<onomiese Xomitee in 1973Swanepoel J W, 38, p/A Ho€,rskoot Batfour, OnOeifroof 1965, polgietersrusSwanepoel J W, 43, p/A Noordwes Xoop t_icntenOulg, Ret<enmeester, 196gSwanepoel K D. 37 Hoerslool WonOerboom prlt"r, Onderwyser, 1g65swanepoer L, 31, Mirit6re opleidingskamp raoyimitr verdkorner, i968, rnooooSwanepoet L p, 41, p/A Angro Am-erican' xoip6irgl loir"nriesLl,;l;;"nL"ryir,"n,,onIKA), 1976. Aucktandparkswanepoer N J, 30, vrysrraat Kooperasie Reitz, sekretaris, 1 g6g, paarlSwanepoet P c,41, Fiiwoodraan ss Hazet*;o-i Fieioriazoept van Eerste Minister,Beampte, i970, Windhoek '-Swanepoel P J,40, p/A Ouditeur & Kontroleurgen pretoria, Asst Ouditeur, 196gSwanepoel S J N, 46, Ho6rskoot Vryburgei pnri.." eot_Hooi is76. Vu;d"r"bijt",tswanepoer w J, port Erizabeth-Nooio -'praat oo'ii'reurt,nge by r 97r Bondsraadswanevelder c J,42, soeteweide g steilenoosch/universrteit van Steilenbosch, snrLektor, 1970, SaldanhaSwart A, GeorgeSwart C A C, 31, Rosendal Ellisras, Boer, tg75lwart ! F 33, Dept Sisiotogie Universiteit van pretoria, Lektor, 1969, NylstroomSwart C F, 43, N G Gemeente Klipriviersber!, pr"O,frant j 973, Orkney::::l P

A: !:4:, p,/A pospersoneer Heilbroi, posmeesrer, 1974, Beaufort_Wesswan F J,35' Suidweo 72 Bewratch Johannesburg, Radiotegnikus, tszo prei;riaSwart H J, 29, Boshofiitraar 25Nvrstroo;lB;t;;i;;; chem, Bestuurder, 1973, preroriaSwart H J, 27, Witbank Devon, Boer, f SOZ trtetsprui

"Swart J C,29, Milit6re Basis Tempe/S I W""iri"g,'Vajoor, 1973, pretoriaSwart J C, 36, posstat Buftetjagsrivier aoer, igoi"iwelendamSwart J H, 45, Leeufontein Bod-enstein eoeiZonOei*;ser, j974, CotignySwart J J, 32, N G pastorie Otosdal, p,eOiLani i916,'Atb"rlonSwart J J, 29, p /A Dept van poswese Sriinf ieri i"einitus, 1968, Btoemfontein

A10s

swart J J, 45,PlA Van den Bergh & Jurgens Edms Bpk Durban, Bemarkingsdirekteur,Johannesburg

Swart J J,38, Henrystraal Albertinia, Telefonis p & T, 1976, BarrydateSwart J J, 43,P/A Votkskas Bpk Warrenton, Bestuurder, 1970. pietoriaSwart J S, 31, Appelbos Swellendam, Boer, 1976Swarl L J,32, Leeukop Delareyville, Boek/Boekhouer, 1966, potchefslroomSwart L P, N G Kerk, Predikant, MalvernSwart M (Prof), Hoof van RapportryersSwart M J, 28, Koesanie Buffeljagsrivier, Boer, .l

970, SwellendamSwart M J, 39, Lucasoord 8 Fynnland Durban, prokureur,

1 976. Kroonstadlwart f{ L, 34, f/A Spoorwe_gkoilege Esselenpark, Hoofkterk, 1 968, JohannesburgSwart N J,30, P U vir CHO Potchefstroom, professor, 1g72Swart N J, 29, Welstand Dist Bethal, Boer, 1976, OgiesSwart P H, 41 , S A Landbou-Unie pretoria, Adj-Direkteur, 1975Swart P J, 36, Hodrskool Vryheid, Onderwyser, i 964swart P L, 32, Drakenslaan 43 Quellerina (Maraisburg) Lektor/RAU, 1g75, Johannesburgswart P s, 34, smitstraal Pionierpark/Dept van Natuurbewaring, Adj-Diiekteur, 1970,

Tsumebswarl s P c, 33, Universiteit van die Noorde/Voortrekkerstraat 6 pietersburg, snr Lektor,

1972, BloemfonteinSwart T J P, 34, Nuweland Vrede, Boer, 1976, KroonstadSwart T R, 42, S A Polisie Brakpan, Luitenant, 1970, BloemholSwart V P, 30, P/A Universiteit van Stellenbosch, Fisikus, 1g75swarts c c, 38, P/A Hawker siddeley Brush Fabriek Germiston, Werks-Direkteur, 1964,

Petrus Steynswarts c J,47, Haartbeesfonteinweg 53 stilfontein/s A polisie, Kaptein, 1977, RenekeSwarts H B, 32, P /A Rouxville Handelshuis KoOp Bpk, Bestuurder, 1976, SmithfieldSwarts L D, 31 , Skoolstraat Eltiot, Onderwyser, 1966, AberdeenSwartz J L,32, P / A Molopo Apteek (Edms) Bpk /McKenzieslraat 66 Vryburg, Apteker, 1 970,

PotchefstroomSwartz N J, 31, S W Tvlse Kodp Leeudoringstad, Kredietbestuurder, 1967, Kempton ParkSwiegers G J, 40, Rooipan Griekwastad, Boer, .l g65Swiegers J M, 33, Quaggasfontein De Aar, Boer/Ouditeur, 1977Swiegers L E, 29, Birkettstraat 23 Dundee, Tandarts, 1g63Symington M M C,42, Riteystraat 120 parowvallei, Snr Landdros, 1975, Sutherland

TTait P J,34, "Die Hoop" PK Verkeerdevlei, Boer, 1965, TweespruitTaljaard C J, 31, Middelburg Transvaal, Standsingenieur, 1963Taljaard C M L, KensingtonTaljaardcML,2S,P/AcMLTaljaard&seunJohannesburg,BesturendeDirekteur,l963,

BelgraviaTaljaard E J, 37, S A S Bank Kaapstad, Bestuurder, 1 966Taljaard GF,27, Hodrskootkoshuis Piet Retief, Onderwyser, l966, pretoriaTaljaard H, 39, Suidweg 5 Linden Uitbr Johannesburg, Argitek, 1965, WitbankTaljaard H J, 43, Palurilaan 235 Sinoville Pretoria/Binnelandse Veiligheid, Ondersekretaris

1977Taljaard J, 39, P/A Jongitizwe Kollege Tsolo Transkei, Hool, 197S, CalaTaljaard J J v/d M, 36, Nairobi Beitz, Boer, 1969Taute J H F,41, P/A Laerskool Delmas, Skoolhoof, 1974, KrugersdorpTaute w, 32, P lA Hodr seunskool Helpmekaar Johannesburg, onderwyser, 1974, EllisrasTaylor A c, 37, Danie Theronstraat Beaufort-wes, skoolhoofTHo6rskool, 197.1, BanydaleTaylor J H (Joe), 32,PlA N O K Johannesburg/Ktein Nywerhede, Sekretaris, 1973,

SasolburgTeichler M G, 34, Seunskoshurs Hoerskool Nelspruit, Vise-Hoof, 1g12, ErmeloTerblanche A 8,51, S A Polisie Pretoria, Majoor, 1964, WelkomTerblanche D J J, 33, Arbeidsgenot Steila, Boer, 1973, MafekingTerblanche E,34, W P Tabak-Kodp Paarl, Bestuurder, 1966, OudtshoornTerblanche F, 3.1 , PK Bergplaats oor George, Handelaar/Slagter, 1967Terblanche F, 34, Goedehoop Molteno, Boer, 1967, Bethanie S W A

A106

Britstown

Terblanche F J, 40, Athroneraan 26 Darview Brakpan/stofberg seunskoor, onderwyser,1 976

Terblanche G,25,P/A pastorie Dearesviile, N G predikant, 1975, Thaba,Nchu DistrikTerblanche G A, 32, Eufeesweg 49 Broemrontein/U o V s, Asst RegL iin"nrL, r szzTerblanche G w' 42, Huis Nico Maran Uniondare, onderwyser rBoei, rglo, FuilartonTerblanche H, 43, P/A Volkskas Vryburg, Rekenmeester, ig74 VereenigingTerblanche H 1,48, Ho6rskool Zastion, bnderhoof, .l967, Hobhouse ' "Terblanche H 1,37, Angreweg 34 Gonubie oos-Londen, rng Terekom/s A s, 1g27,

KimberleyTerblanche H M, 47, Ruthstraat Brookryn pretoria, sraarsamptena ar, 1964, MosserbaaiTerblanche J D v,35, Hoerskoor Dr Malan Meyerton, skoorhoof, rsoz, nustennurgTerblanche J J, 4r, p /A s A porisie Johannesburg, Adj-ofiisier, r soa,'ntexa;olioaaiTerblanche J P, 4l , Albertstraat 1 4 Robertson, On"derwyser, l 964, AdelaideTerblanche N [/,45, p/A Bosverdse Kodp polgietersrus, Bestuurder,1g70, HeiderbergTerblanche P J J,3r, Kafrerboomraan a thaoa-zimoi, Vakreerring-rnstrukteur, 1969, BritsTerblanche P N J, 39, Acasiastraat 1 r Riversdar/LandbouTegni"ese oiensG, voorrigt

Beampte, 1 977, BredasdorpTerblanche S E, 35, Sekond6re Skool Vierfontein, Onderwyser, 1974, BloemfonteinTerblanche s E, 34, Universiteit port Elizabeth, senior Lekior, 1975 stellenboschTerblanche s s,33, Firraan 38 prrmrose-oos, N G predikant, rgzt, pretoiia---Terblans H, 34, P/A venter Broers Garage (edms) Bpk Burgersdoip Adm Bestuurder,

1975, BloemfonteinTerblans P J, 36, P/A Hodrskool Sentraal Bloemfontein, Onderwyser, 1973Terreblanche G F, 44, Bank Trompsburg, Boer, 1 970, parysTerreblanche H J,32, p/A Bank van Johannesburg Kaapstad, streekbestuurder, 1970,

BloemfonteinTerreblanche s J, 3s, p/A universiteit sleilenbosch, proressor,

1 969, EdenvareTheart J N J, 48, S A S & H Kaapstad, 1963, JohannesburgTheron A J,37. cedeerte 54 witfontein 301 JR (pretoria), E"iendomsagent, 1975, ViiliersTheron A J,34, Karakoel Koc,p Upington, Hoofvakk Beampte, l969Theron C, 24, Hodrskoolkostruis Sannieshof, Onderwyser, 1966, HeidelbergTheron D C, 37, Hoerskool Belfast, Onderwyser, 1 963, MachadodorpTheron D J, 42, Bethel plaas Fort Victoria, Boer, j914, KaapstadTheron E, 32, Koshuis Beivilo, Onderwyser, 1970, CalviniaTheron F, 37, Hodrskoor Jan Mot* windhoek, Adi-skoorhoof, r974, otjiwarongoTheron F c F, 37, Monicaweg 472 Lynnwood/Ddpt v D Eersre-N/i;i;6i,'6n",. Xipt.n"r,

1 970, JohannesburgTheron F J, 38, P/A Generar Mining Frnanskorp Johannesburg, Fin ondersoekbeampte,

1975. PretoriaTheron G, 44,P/A Hodrskoot Standerton, Onderhoof, 1965, polchefslroomTheron G H, 32, N G pastorie Luckhoff , predikant, .l g72, FicksburgTheron G M,3.1 , p/A Nas Koerante port Elizabeth, Rekenmeesteiig65, BellviileTheron H, 35, P/A N G paslorie Kampersr-uslBryderivier), predikanl, rsza onoeritepoorrTheron H J,25, Prinspan Boshof, Boer, 1968Theron J (Lid Nr 771 9), Rustenburg-Noord, Boekhouer, 1 962Theron J A L, 28, U O V S Bloemfonlein, Lektor, 1966, pietersburgTheron J C, 36, Doornhoek Thabazimbi, Geneesheer, 1964, VrybtirgTheron J D, 30, Fitzroyst,aal 1A7 Goodwood, Onderwyser, 1975, TulbachTheron J D, 32, Heuwelstraal Knysna, Landdros, ig73, WellingtonTheron J F, 39, Erfdeel Tulbagh, Boer, 1973Theron J F, 34, Dunnstraat 6 Froridapark/s A s & H, skeikundige, lgT2,JohannesburgTheron J G, 36, Landbou Kdt & cro;dbesit swarrruggens streefneampie,-iei+, CatvinraTheron J J, 40, rnst vir Voedingsnavorsing pretoria,-direkteur, rsoz, HeioLiourg

'Theron J J, 32, Kleinharts Ottoidat, Boerlt g6STheron J P, 34, Coetzeelaan l4 Selectionpark Springs, Onderwyser, 1976,

BronkhorstsprditTheron J P, 33, P/A Universiteit van s A pretoria, Finasbeampte, 1974, steilenboschTheron L J, 34, S A potisie port Elizabeth, Kapelaan, 1966 Beaufort_WesTheron L P, 30, Witkoppies Dist pretoria, Veearts/Boer, lg74, OudtshoornTheron O J, 38, Uitsig Beaufort-Wes/S A S & H, Klerk, 1970

4107

Theron P, 26, Sentrale Hoerskool Bloemlontein, Onderwyser, 1968, SenekalTheron P D,43, Kwaggashoek Swartruggens, Boer, l965, ThabazimbiTheron P J, 29, P I A Steel & Barnett Johannesburg, Rekenmeester. 1 975Theron P!, 49, S A Polisie Pretoria. Luit-Kolonel, l964, RoodepoortTheron P L, 38, Welgemoed Koes, Boer, 1977Theron P L, 43, Kleinlontein Tulbach, Boer, 1967Theron P P,53, P/A Dept van Volkswelsyn Pretoria, Staatsamptenaar, 1968Theron P T, 27, Hoerskool J G l,4eiring Goodwood, Onderwyser, 1970, StrandTheron P W, 35, P/A Die Volksblad Bloemfontein, Adj-Hoofsubredakteur, 1974Theron S, OpvoedkundigeTheron T A,45, P/A Ho€ir Tegn Skool Rustenburg, Onderhoof. 1967, UitenhageTheunissen J B, 29, Bloemstraat 60 Bloemhof, Onderwyser, 1964, ErmeloTheunissen J M,32, Adamweg 12 Bertonpark Germiston, Onderwyser, 1977, BrakpanTheunissen J M, 34, Freeziaslraat Caledon. Begrafnisondernemer. 1975Theunrssen J R, 44, "Toggekry" PK Radium, Boer, 1973, Louis TrichardtTheunissen M P,45, P/A Gen Chem Corp Durban, Bestuurder, 1965, ModderfonteinThiart B F, 39, Dept Fisiologie Universiteit Stellenbosch, Lektor, 1969, Somerset-WesThiart D J G,41, P/A Dept lmmigrasie Pretoria, Klerk, 1967, KimberleyThiart J J, 39, P/A Saambou Nasionale Bouvereniging Pretoria, Bestuurder Dalaverwerker

1973, ElsiesrivierThom G, 36, P/A Hoerskool Petrusville, Vise-Hoof, 1974, PretoriaThom H B (Lid Nr 1773), Voormalige Rektor Stellenbosch Universiteit & Voormailge

Voorsiter van die A BThomas G, 35, Uitkoms Proefplaas Grootfontein /Landbou, Tegniese Dienste Snr Tegnikus1974, WindhoekThompson J A,43, Lodge PK Tuinplaas Nylstroom, Boer/Winkelier, 1974, BritsThuynsma W F, 32, P/A Hoerskool Delmas, Onderwyser, 1974, HartswaterToerien D F,37, Snipestraat 21 Honey Hills Florida, lngenieur NOK, 1976, SasolburgToerien G P, 33, P/A JHB Cons lnvestm/Mulderstraat 2 Ontdekkerspark, Asst Bestuurder

Mineraalontwikkeling, 1 975, RoodepoortToerien l,/ J, 39, Stellenbosch Universrteit, Snr Lektor, 1966, JohannesburgToerien P E C,30 P/A S A Weermag Port Elizabeth, N4aloor, 1974, PretoriaToerien P S, Lid van die U R se Landbou-Komitee 1973Tolken P J L, 41 , Baileystraat Koffiefontein, Sakeman/Motorhawe, 1977, KimberleyTolmie D, 40. N G Kerk Oudtshoorn-Noord, Predikant, 1973, StilbaaiTredoux A F, 32, Wilmotstraat 10 Noupoort, Landdros, 1973, SwartruggensTredoux J C,31, V D Merwestraat Beaufort-Wes, Onderwyser, 1976, Victoria-WesTreurnichtAF(LidNr4240),AdJunk-Minister-Voorgestel virdieURinl96S&Voormalige

Bedakteur van HoofstadTreurnicht A S, 36, Kalkfontein Groblersdal, Boer, 1967, Gutu RhodesieTriegaardt L G, 48, Foskor Phalaborwa, Asst Rekenmeesler, 1964, VanderbillparkTromp J A, 34, Doornkom Harlbeesfontein, Boer, 1977, OutloTromp J A, 48, Okaimpuro Okahandja, Boer, 1975Tromp P J de W, 45,PlA Nictusgroep Windhoek, Direkteur van Mpye, l969Tromp W S,46, Ozombusomasse Okahandja, Boer, 1975Troskie C G, 45, Huntstraat 4 Aliwal-Noord, Geneesheer, 1966, PearstonTroskie C J,35, Hodrskool Brandwag Benoni, Onderwyser, 1967, Groot MarrcoTroskie G C, 29, Waaifontein Springfontein, Boer, 1967, PearstonTroskie G F C, (Lid Nr 2895), Kroonstad - (Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968), GeneesheerTrouw A, 56, P/A Raad op Atoomkrag Pretoria, Onder-Sekretaris, 1968Troux M,40, Prinsloostraat 343 Bronkhorstspruit, Apteker, 1967, RoodepoortTrumpelmann G W, 26, Kantoorstraat 14a Lydenburg, Veearts, 1974Truter A W,42, Hofstraat 23 Tuine Kaapstad/Volkshospitaal, Bestuurder, 1971, BellvilleTruter A W, 37, Herschellstraat 45 Strand, Onderwyser, 1967, BredasdorpTruter de V J D, 50, Groote Kerkgebou Kaapstad, Prokureur, 1964Truter D J,35, Parkweg 120 Oudtshoorn/Kleurling Opleidingskollege, Vise-Rektor, 1976Truter F H, 35, Drostdy Karibib S W A, Landdros, 1971, Tsumeb S W ATruter H C, 26, Bainstraat 28a Wellington, Tandarts, I967, KaapstadTruter H F G (Lid Nr 7775), Springbok, 1963Truler J H, 31, P/A Van der Wall & Vennote Bloemfontein, Sekrelaris, 1974

A108

Truter J J W, 37. p/A Volkskas Bpk Strand, Rekenmeester, 1969, KaapstadTruter J L, 31, S A polisie Rundu S W A, Luitenant, 1917, pretoriaTruter J T, 44, Frederickryraan 177 Northcriff Johannesburg patente-Agent, 1g73,CottesloeTruter L.K, 29, p /A Tygerber-gse Ho6r Handelskool, Onderwyse r, lgl4, OudtshoornTruter M 8,31 p/A Tneron..& Van de poer xaapslio Rekenmeester. is69. iiop"r"roTruter M H G.36, piA Landbou-Kocip Beautortlwei Bestuurder f gOa paaA

-"Truter R (Prof), Lid van die U B se Wetenskap-Komiree 1923

UUeckermann E C,35, p/A Messina Tvl Develop Co Messina, passer, j965Ueckerman S J, 43, O T K Bethal, Kredietbestuurder, i967uitenweerde J D C,46, p/A Reed & uitenweerde piet Retief, Landmeler, 1g65, ErmeroUnderhay J P, 29, Brandwachtstraat 31 Stellenbosch, Onderwys;r, 19;; fufl"agt,Ungerer O D J, 39, Volkskas Barkly-Oos, Bestuurder, jg72,pretoilaUngerer S J, 25, Bettiesdeel (2a) iornela, Boer, .l 965untiedt F J, 48' P / A Raad op Atoomkrag /Bettie Prinsloosrraat z Annlin pretoria, personeel-

beampte, 1 975, pretoriaUys C, 34, Posbus i 3 Carolina, prokureur, 1964, Ermelouy.s c.1G 35, Bresbokweg 179 waterkroorrif Nr 2 pretoria/Bantoe Diskoteke S A U K, SnrAsst Organiseerder, 1 971Uys C J, 33, S A Polisie pretoria, Luitenant, 1977Uys C P, 38, Richardlaan 61_Homestead Germiston, Onderhoof, 1969, pretoriaUys D C,29, Komarsekraal Bredasdorp, Boer, 1966Uys D C, 47, Katterskraal Bethal, Boer, t gOa

9Vr P 9 H, Voormatige Minister van Landbou, SenatorUy:,? C J.38, Van Zytstraat 1 7 Schweizer_Reneke, Voorl Beampte, 1 977,Welkom/BloemfonteinUys D F, 42, S A S & H pietersburg, Klerk, 1964, Watervat BovenUys D J, 52, P /A Nas party Bethlehem, OrganiseerJer, lg66, HennenmanUys D J, 30, Havemannstraat 5g Viljoenskr6on, Onderwyser, .l 973, BethlehemUys E W, 35, P/A Christianase Laeiskool, Skoolhoof. 1974, primroseUys G F, 35, P/A Uniestaalkorp Vereeniging, prod Toesighouer, 1 973Uys H C S,35, Santam Bellviile, Asst Selrelaris, .l 965, p6tgietersrusUys H J, 37, Belmont, Boer, 1963, DouglasUys H J, 30, Hoofstraat Clanwilliam, Geneesheer, 1966, CaledonUys H J. 34, Keurvlei Barrydale, Boer, I g69Uys H J, 29, Kadie Heidetberg K p, Boer, 1976Uys H P,36, Eeufeesstraat 60 pretoria_Noord, Onderwyser, 1966Uys J C, 34, P lA Kommissaris-Generaal Mafeking, Adm Beampte, l965, Vaalhartsyyr I 9 l, 45, P /A Dept Arbeid pretoria, Abb, 197"5 StandertonlVs.l 1(H J Sn),36, Kadie pK Heidetberg K p, Boer, 1968Uys J H (Lid Nr 7682), Umtara, Skoothoof:1962Uys J J, 46, Witkop pK Bredasdorp, Boer, l968Uys J W, 28, Merino Bredasdorp, Boer, 1969Uys M J,32, Reslawhile Heidetberg K p, Boer, 1967, eueenstownUys P A J,41, Harmonielaan 5 Beiiville K p, Onderwyser, 1966, CarnarvonUys P J, 43,P/A Gumbo-Grafietmyn Messina, Mynb6stuurder, 1977Uys P v R,41, Bosheuwel Heidelberg X p, eoer, i96A9y: ry F, 33, Caledonrytaan 4 Drieriviere Vereeniging, Tandarts, 1968, pretoriaUytenbogaardr B J, 31, p/A S A polisie pK essen] e"aj_Ottisier, 1969, StmonstiA

vVahrmeyer J' 33, weberstraat i24 sirverton, prantkundige Ltd, i977, pretoriaVan Aarde A M, 31, Hoerskoor wonderboom pretoria, oinderwyser, iso+,-t_ichtenu*gVan Aarde G P, 3,l, Paardeplaas Hartbeesfontein, Boer, 196g,-BospoortVan^Aarde J A (Apper), 34, Dept sierkundige Dienste onderwysdepi port Erizabeth, Hoof,1963, KimberleyVan Aarde J J, 4j, Buffelsdoring Maricodraai (Northam), Boer, 1967. Marico

4109

Van Aardt B, 31, P/A KWB Ermelo, Voorligtingsbeampte, .l965

Van Aardt C P, 34, Ridgewayse Laerskool Johannesburg, Onderhoof, 1969, CarolinaVan Aardt H J,35, Saambou Durban, Bestuurder, 1966, PretoriaVan Aardt J H B,30, Marathonweg BB Grosvenor Durban, Adj-Hoot, 1971, DurbanVan Aardt J M H,46, P/A Unisa Pretoria, Sen Lektor, 1974Van Aardt W, 33, Klaberplek 7, Risiville Vereeniging, Hool Opl en Pers Onlwikkeling Uskor,

1976, PretoriaVan Antwerpen J P, 35 S A P Komatipoort, Adj-Oflisier, 1977, Middelburg TvlVan Arkel J T de J, 32, Nederburghstraat 53 Welgemoed Kaap, Hospitaal Leraar NGK,

1975, PretoriaVan Aswegen A lV, 37, "Perseverance" Noupoort, Boer, 1 965Van Aswegen C H J (Lid Nr 4223), Voorgeslel vir die U R in 1 968, Hoofbestuurder Santam

KaapstadVan Aswegen J D,37, P/A Natalse Landbou Koop Vryheid, Bestuurder, 1975, GreylownVan Aswegen J D, 36, Forest Town Skool vir Serebraalgeslremde Kinders Johannesburg,

Skoolhoof, 1 975, DiscoveryVan Aswegen J D, 33, Elandskraal PK Mooinooi, Veiligheidsbeample, 1973, VereenigingVan Aswegen P F,30, Depl Nie-Blanke Sake Munisipaliteit Heilbron, Bestuurder, 1965,

LindleyVan Aswegen S W,30, P/A Munisipalileit Standerton, Komiteeklerk, 1965, EdenvilleVan Aswegen V, 37, Waters Edge Plotle 40 Oberholzer, Rekenmeester, l976,

PotchefstroomVan Aswegen W H, 43, Staffordstraat 39 Westdene Johannesburg, N G Predikant, 1 976,

BlyvooruitzichtVan Aswegen W P G, 41, P/A Hoer Tegn Skool Kimberley, Adlunkhoof, 1977, BloemfonteinVan Baalen C J,37, P/A Laerskool Denneoord Brakpan, Skoolhoof, 1975, BethalVan Beek D J M (Lid Nr 7765), Stellenbosch, 1963Van Bilyon I J, 42, Universiteit Stellenbosch, Professor, 1967, Graafl-ReinetVan Biljon J A, 44, Fonteinstraat, Dewetsdorp, Motorhawe-Eienaar, 1975Van Biljon P G, 37, Maggie Vierfontein, Boer, 1969, ViljoenskroonVan Biljon P J, 36, Humansgeluk PK Ottosdal, Boer, 1965Van Biljon W J (Lid Nr 7748), Johannesburg (Linden-Noord), 1 963Van Blerk W J,33, P/A S A Spoorwed Bloemfontern, Klerk, 1969, BrandfortVan Brakel J P, 44, v Graanstraal 20 Potchefstroom/P U vir CHO, Snr Lektor, l 976Van Buuren H J,34, P/A Hodrskool Fliebeeck Bandfontein, Vise-Hoof, 1973, StandertonVan Coller C L W, 39, Carrollstraat Dewetsdorp, Predikant N G, 1970, P E SonheuwelsVan Coller D H, 39, P/A Drs Blake Van Coller & Jankowitz Germiston, Geneesheer, 1968,

VirginiaVan Coller F J, 41, Volkskas Steynsrus, Bestuurder, 1 967, ZastronVan Coller G C, 41, Kerkstraat 149, Vryheid, Klerk S A S & H, 1975Van Coller G P (Lid Nr 7749), Johannesburg, 1963Van Coller J G, 35, N G Kerk Rustenburg-Wes, Predikant, 1975, PaarlVan Deemter C H S, 43, P/A Landbou Tegn Dienste Fauresmith, Voorligtingsbeampte,

.l 970, HumansdorpV D Ahee F M, 35, Rietfonlein Murraysburg, Boer, 1964V D Bank J P,32, Harmonie-Goudmyn Virginia, Ventilasiebeampte, 1966, VaalhartsV D Bend C, 49, 14de Laan 974 Wonderboom-Suid Pretoria, Asst Hoof Stat, 1975, PreioriaV D Berg A,27, Sl lveslaan 7 Cotswold Port Elizabeth, Onderwyser, 1963, WorcesterV D Berg A C, 27, Exeter Ladybrand, Boer, 1 977V D Berg A D P, 42, Macphailstraat 40 Springs, Geneesheer, 1972, PretoriaV D Berg A J, 48, P/A N O K Johannesburg, Hoofbestuurder, 1 970, ErmeloV D Berg A M (Dr), Johannesburg, Fak SekretarisV D Berg A R, 36, P/A R G N Pretoria, Asst Dir v lnst Psigomelriese Nav, l975, PretoriaV D Berg A S (Lid Nr 7705), Pretoria, Onderwyser, .l

962V D Berg B, 36, Albertynstraat 1 Uilenhage, Tandarts, 1966, KirkwoodV D Berg B L,40, Robinsonweg 135, Fort Victoria, Shell-Depotbesluurder, 1970, UmtaliV D Berg C L (Ds), Jeugpredikant N H Kerk - Lid van die U R se Jeugkomitee, 1973V D Berg D A,36, P/A Brand & V D Berg Lindley, Prokureur, 1965, BloemlonteinV D Berg D J,32,P I AFerre Metale Alberton, Pers - En Adm Bestuurder, 1973, VereenigingV D Berg D P J, 46, Greystraat Dordrecht, Stasiemeester, 1974, Slellenbosch

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V D Merwe A J,4l, Sagtevrugteraad Kaapstad, Vrugte-lnspekteur, 1966, GoodwoodV D Merwe A J,32, Erinvaleweg 16, Freewaypark Boksburg, Visehoof, .1976, WelkomV D Merwe B P M,39, Babiestraat 3 Lydenburg, Klerk van die Raad, 1971, SabieV D Merwe C, 33, S A S & H Breyten/v Riebeeckstraat 51 Breyten, Terreinmeester, 1970,

WitbankV D Merwe C A, 33, Elandstraat 211 Wierda Park Preloria, Sen Navorser U P,1977,WitbankV D Merwe C F, 37, P/A Nas Raad vir Opv en SOS Navorsing Preloria, Hoofnavorsings-

beampte, 1967V D Merwe C G, 27, Hoerskool Mariental, Onderwyser, 1972, PotchelstroomV D Merwe C l, 37, Malgasfontein Coligny, Boer, 1965V D Merwe C,J,40 P/A Prim6re skool Heilbron, Onderwyser, 1974, LadybrandV D Merwe C J, 45, Skoolraadskanloor Oos-Londen, Skoolraad, 1968, BellvilleV D Merwe C J,30, "Dagbreek" PK Ofcolaco, Boer/Veearts, 1975, TzaneenV D Merwe C J,42, Cove Singel I Ladysmith, Prokureur, 1976, DundeeV D Merwe C J H, 32, Mareslraat 16 Pietersburg, Ass Rekenmeester Landbank, 1970,

KroonstadV D Merwe C J N, 32, De Grootboom P K Steelpoort, Boer, 1968, ErmeloV D Merwe C l\/, 49 Ho6rskool Steynsrus, Skoolhoof, 1964, OdendaalsrusV D Merwe C N,36, Eeufeesstraat 17 Lydenburg, Geref Predikant,.l 977, StandertonV D Merwe C N, 39, Leeulontein Klerksdorp, Onderwyser, 1969, PretoriaV D Merwe C P (Lid Nr 4731 ), Hool Opleidingskollege Wellington - Voorgestel vir die U R in

1 968V D Merwe C P,37, Hotirskool Frankfort, Onderwyser, .l

964, TweelingV D Merwe C V, (Lid Nr 4079), LV Bloemlontein - Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968V D Merwe D A, 39, S A Polisie Greytown, Konstabel, 1965, NewcastleV D Merwe D 8,41, N G Pastorie PK Misgund-Oos, Predikant, 1964, EdenvaleV D Merwe D F, 47, N G Kerk Oudtshoorn, Predikant, 1968, Beaulort-WesV D Merwe D J,38, P/A Munisipaliteit Welkom Adj-Sladstesourier, 1967, DealesvilleV D Merwe D J, 43, Eikelaan Grabouw, Onderwyser, 1970, PortervilleV D Merwe D S, 28, Hoerskool Wonderboom Pretoria, Onderwyser, 1964, BrakpanV D Merwe D W, 32, Vierdelaan 27 Heidelberg Tvl, Geneesheer, I976, Beaufort-WesV D Merwe E, 32, P/AS A S & H Uilenhage, lngenieur, 1975, PretoriaV D Merwe E J, 34, S A Reserwebank Preloria, Senior Navorser, 1974V D Merwe F A R,30, Tulipstraat 1l9 Lynnwood Pretoria, Rekenmeester/Renlmeester,

1977V D Merwe F E,31, N G Pastorie Dordrecht, Predikant, 1973, Lady GreyV D Merwe F H H,32, Strydom PK Kommandodrift, Boer, 1964, BothavilleV D Merwe F J, 32, P /A Windmeul Kunsmisfabriek Robertson, Streeksbestuurder, 'l 968,

PaarlV D Merwe FJ,32, Spes Bona Vrede, Boer, 1975, Louis TrichardtV D Merwe FJ,33, Univ Stellenbosch, Senior Lektor, 1966, CalviniaV D Merwe FJ,37, Coronation Hospitaal Johannesburg, Ginekoloog, 1965, BethlehemV D Merwe F J, 38, P/A Vleissentraal Aberdeen, Verteenwoordige( /Boet, 1973,

MurraysburgV D Merwe F P,34, Diazstraat 42 Strand. Ouditeur, 1966, PaarlV D Merwe G C,27, P/A Unisa Pretoria, Lektor, 1973V D Merwe G J,37, Sanlam Springs, Streeksbestuurder, lgT5, JohannesburgV D Merwe G J, 36, Morester Koue Bokkeveld, Boer, 1974, ClanwilliamV D Merwe G P, 30, The Mall Woonstel Phalaborwa/Coetzee en V D Merwe, Prokureur

1 970, KlerksdorpV D Merwe G P 8,44, Posbus 166 Louis Trichardt, Sakeman, 1970, NaboomspruitV D Merwe G S S P 45,PlA Durban-Roodepoort-Deep Myn, lnstrukteur, 1963,

WolmaransstadV D Merwe H D K, 33, Schoemanstraat 1059 Hatfield Pretoria L V, 1968V D Merwe H 1,32, Lemon Grove 34 Bulawayo, Modelmaker, 1973V D Merwe H P, 34, Morgenstond Bonnievale, Boer, 1966V D Merwe H S,45 P/A Sentraal-Wes Koop Klerksdorp, Asst Graanbestuurder, 1969,

VentersdorpV D Merwe I, 39, Aalwynstraat 11 Jim Fouche-Park Welkom, Takbestuurder/Allied

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V D Merwe 1,33, Ho6rskool Zwartberg p,ns Albert, Onderwyser, 197S, BonnrevaleV D Merwe I J, 37, Aberdeenweg g5 Clubview/S A Weermag, XommanOant iSZa

Saldanha8 D Merwe I J, 37, Kronendal Ermel, Slaghuiseienaar, t972V D Merwe I s,45, Ammunisiedepot g3 Jankempdorp, Bevervoerder, 1964, piketbergV D Merwe J, 46, Skoolkoshurs Northam, Onderwyser, 1972, Fochvillev D Merwe J c, 37, sinodare Sending Komm, N d Kert in S A, sakebestuurder/scriba,

I 974, KaapstadV D Merwe J C, 35, Moojdraai poslmasburg, Boer, j 920, GermistonV D Merwe J C S, 33, potgieterstraat 26 Uiington, Onderwyser, 1976V D Merwe J D,36, Nu ptus-Ultra Dist pieiersiurg, Boer, .1

977V D Merwe J D B, 35, Carrorsfarm pK De Wet, Asit stadst<rert<, 1973, SteilenboschV D Merwe, J D G,37, p/A Hugenote Kollege Wellington, Dosent, 1964, pretoriaV D Merwe J D G, Wellington - praat oor (ommunisme by Bondsraad .l

969V D Merwe J G (Dr) Lid van die U R se Ekonomiese Komitee .l g73V D Merwe J G, 39, Landdroskantoor potgtetersrus, Landdros, 1967, Bloemfonteinv D Merwe J H,40, proteaweg t6 Kempton park, rngenieursA s & H, 1g71, MosserbaaiV D Merwe J H, 52, Ebenhaesar Ceres, Boer, 1966"V D Merwe J H, 42, Trerkloof porterville, Boer, 1965V D Merwe J H,30, Nuwejaarskuil Beaufort-wes, Boer, 1965, AberdeenV D Merwe J H P, 32, Rooipoort Laerskoor potchefstroom, onderwyser, 1966, Kempton

ParkV D Merwe J J, 48, Windsor pK Ellisras, Boer, 196g, WaterbergV D Merwe J L, 31, Rautenbach's Kroonslad, Boekhouer, l 969V D Merwe J L, 44, p / A Sasol Sasolburg, lnstandh Voorman, 1 968, DurbanV D Merwe J M,44, Dorspan Boshof, Boer, 1976V D Merwe J M, 34, "Conigenda', Otjiwarongo, Boer, 1975V D Merwe J M H,41, p/1 S 4

potisie Lady-smirh Natat Majoor, 1968, VotksrustV D Merwe J P (Lid Nr 7750), Springnok, 1963v D Merwe J s (Prof) p U vir cHoFotchefstroom protessor Aardrykskunde, 1963V D Merwe I I _29, Diepdrilt Graskop, Boer/Argitek, 1964, KroonstadV D Merwe J s D, 32, N G Gemeente Bethreheir-Nooro, preorrani-ig73, MarquardV D Merwe J V 1 Plaatjiesdam, postmasburg, Boer, 1974V D Merwe J V, 31, p/A S A polisie FicksburgiKaptein, 1968, pretorjaV D Merwe K W P,35, Hoerskoot Uniondale,bnderhoof, 1966 UpingionV D Merwe L c, Voorsitter van christiaan De wet Fonds Hoot peiso"neerbeampte vanVolkskas PretoriaV D Merwe L J,45, p/A Geref Kerk Ventersdorp, predikant, lg74, SilvertonV D Merwe M A,4l, Marchand, Boer/Sakeman, 1965, KakamasV D Merwe M c,3r, p/A Munisipariteit Vereeniging Asst stadsingenieur, 1973, DurbanV D Merwe M J,36, Donkinstraat 44 Graatf_Rei"nef Senior Assist"ent, tSZt l;senvitteV D Merwe M J,34, Kildare Terra Firma Bray, Boer, -1964,

CarnarvonV D Merwe M J N,40, Munisipaliteit Ermelo, Elektrisjen, 1962V D Merwe N,43, P/A S A B S preloria, Asst Direkteur, 1967V D Merwe N J, 32, N G pastorie Karas, predikant, l975, WarrentonV D Merwe O R,32, p/A Ho6rskool Ben ViUoen Gioblersdal, Onderwyser, 1925,

SpringbokvlakteV D Merwe P A, 30, Troyeslraat 274 Muckleneuk pretoria, N G predikant, lg71,

KrugersdorpV D Merwe P A, Belhlehem - Woon 1966 se Bondsraad byV D Merwe P J, 41, Van warmerostraat 56 pietersbsurg Kreik s A s, 1g77, SoekmekaarV D Merwe P J, 29, Ellisrasse Ho6rskool, Onderwyser, 1967, NylstroomV D Merwe P J,45, Verversingsafd S A S Johannesburg, lnspe'kteur, l966V D Merwe P J J, 49, p/A Geoue Afd prov Adm Bloemf-ontei'n, Hoof, tgoo, ceresV D Merwe P J J (Jnr) 25, Leeulontern petrusville K p, Boer, i 96g, De AarV D Merwe ! i Jt 35 Hybernweg 7 port Elizabeth, Landdros, .l 975, pretoriaV D Merwe P S. Otjiwarongo, 1971V D Merwe I U 3i, Witktip pK Makokskraal, Boer, 1970, pretoriaV D Merwe R A,37, Ho6rskool porterville, Skoolhoof, 1975, JansenvilleV D Merwe R A T, 34, p/A Sanlam Durban, Taksekretaris, 196g. Bellville

4113

V D Merwe S D.31, N G Pastorie Vanderbijtpark, predikant, 1964, JeppestownV D Merwe S J,41, Morsfontein Steynsburg, Boer/Boekhouer, 1967, FauresmithV D Merwe S J, 30, Die Eike Constable, Boer, 1968. Beaufort WesV D Merwe S J, 40, Doakstraat 23 Hazeldene Germiston, Raadg lngenieur. 1969,

QueenstownV D Merwe S J du T,41, Albert Biesiesvlei. Boer/Onderwyser, l970, pretoriaV D Merwe S S, 42, Ninowweg 3 Valhalla of P/A Dept Justisie, Adj-Sekretaris. l97S,

QueenstownVDMerwesw(LidNr6571)-voorgestel virdieUFlinlg68-MinistervanGesondheidV D Merwe S W, 38, Dasklip Porterville, Boer, 1963, KurumanV D Merwe S W, 43, Atoomkragraad Pretoria, Hoofskakelbeampte, ,l966, BloemfonteinV D Merwe S W 8,37, Hodr Landbouskool Augsburg, Vise-Hoof, 1971, BellvilleV D Merwe W, Lid van die U R se Landbou-Komitee l973V D Merwe W A,36, P/A Rautenbachs & Kie Vereeniging, Bestuurder/Dir., 1965,

KroonstadV D Merwe WA H (Lid Nr 7776), Aliwat Noord, l963V D Merwe W G, 39, P /A S A Vlootgimnasium Saldanha, Kommandeur, 1 967, GordonsbaaiV D Merwe W H.42, Dept Bantoe Adm & Ontwikkeling Umtata, Hoolvakkundige, 1967,

Harding, NatalV D Merwe W J.35, P/A Santam Bloemfontein, Sekretaris, 1965, JohannesburgV D Merwe W J,27, Geref Pastorie Mooinooi Rustenburg, predikant, 1966. VereenigingV D Merwe W J, 46, Helpmekaar Ceres, Boer, 1968V D Merwe W J, 37, S A Veiligheidspolisie Vereeniging ad1-Offisier, 1969, OranjefonternV D Merwe W J, 46, P/A Volkskas Bpk Hertzogville, Bestuurder, 1974, BloemlonteinV D Merwe W J J,32, P/A Hoorskool Brits, Onderwyser, 1976, potchetstroomV D Merwe W J S, 37, Wesselskop Winburg, Boer, l977V D Merwe W K, 42, P/A NAS Party Johannesburg, Streeksorganiseerder, 1963,

PotchefstroomV D Merwe W O,30, Plot 138 Nooitgedacht, Flekenmeester/W L Ochse,'1977, Linden

JohannesburgV D Merwe W P O, 36, Jnr Seunskoshuis Gobabis, Onderwyser, .1970, WalvisbaaiV D Mescht, G F,45, P/A African Lite Ass. My Port Elizabeth, Agent, 1965, SteyltersvilteV D Nest f F,32, Worralweg B Nahoon Oos-Londen, Onderwyser, 1973, Oos-LondenV D Riet J L, 43, Ho6rskool Kakamas, Onderhoof, l 967V D Ryst J W, 36, Groenlontein Koster, Boer, 1976V D Sandt J M,42, Grootvlei No 36 PK Pyramied, Onderwyser, 1976, PretoriaV D Spuy G R,31, Arumweg .l 64 Table View, Onderhoof, 1976, UitenhageV D Spuy S de w,45, Langerug Worcester, Geneesheer, i965, RondeboschV D Stoep F, 34, Universiteit Pretoria, Professor, 1966V D Vloed J, 34, N G Kerk Turffontein Johannesburg, Predrkant, 1975, PretorraV D Vyver D H, 37, Pi A lnstituut vir Taalonderrig Universiteit Stellenbosch, Direkteur, 1977.

BloemfonteinV D Vyver G C P, BloemfonteinV D Vyver G T (Lid Nr 3291), L P R (L U K) AdelaideV D Vyver I W, 41, De Rust Aberdeen, Boer, 1972V D Vyver J A, 39, Hoeirskool Langenhoven Queens Crescent 444 Lynnwood Preloria,

Onderhoof. 1 972V D Vyver J L,33, Volkskas Prins Albert, Rekenmeester, 1970, Louis TrichardlV D Vyver J S F, 33, Steyn V/D Vyver & De Jager Willowmore, Prokureur, 1966, LaingsburgV D Vyver J S F, By 1 966 Bondsraad Spreek hy kommer uit dat baie Afrikaanse Prokureurs

op die Platteland werk aan Nie-Afrikaanse Prok-Firmas in Stede ToevertrouV D Vyver M J,34, Hodrskool Welkom, Onderwyser, 1965, BultfonteinV D Wall M,30, N G Pastorie Lykso (Vryburg), Predikant, 1963, BtoemfonteinV D Walt A, 32, Geref Kerk Heilbron, Predikant, 1967, Schweizer RenekeV D Walt A, 29, Tweespruit Reitz, Boer, 1967V D Walt A J, 48, P/A South Bakels (Edms) Bpk Johannesburg, Sekretaris/Rekenmeester,

1967, MelvilleVDWaItAJH(ProfDr)V D Walt A L,28, Freldstraat 48 Lilianton Boksburg, Onderwyser, i970, Kempton ParkV D Walt A T,35, P/A Univ van Wes-Kaapland, Sen Lektor, 1974, Bloemfontein

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@

v D walt A G P.34, P/A Gereformeerde Kerk orkney, predikant, 1974, vorksrustV D walt B, 39, 3destraat rB Heilbron, sekretaris NAS suiwerkoop, 1g7r pr"Jo,LV D Walt B (Lid Nr 7777\, Kimbertey, 1963v D walt B J.47.P/A s A Spoorwee Johannesburg, rnd Beampte, r963, Auckrand parkV D Walt B J, 35, Pieter Raathtaan 22 Germiston, piokureur, tSiza, Eit<ennotv D walt B J. Voormarige L v Ambassadeur in Kanada - Admrnistrateur s w AV D walt c F, 39, r\,4arkstraat ventersdorp, Terefoon-superintendent, sannieshofV D walt c P, P u vir cHo potchefstroom, woon l96s se Bondsraad by, Sen Lektor

(Politiek), 1963v D walt D c P,32, p/A Vreissentraar pretoria. personeerbeampte, 1974, pretoriaV D Walt D G,34, Renosterktoof Slella, Boer/Sakeman, 1969, Bethaly P walt D J,34 Umgenistraat 86 Drie Riviere Vereeniging, carage-Eienaar, 1973V D Walt D J,35, Rietlontein, Middetburg K p, Boer, 1920, Venterstadv D walt D J, 36. P/A Munisipariteit Arberton, stadsingenieur, i965, pretoriaV D Walt E J,26, P/A N G Kerk Willowmore, predikant, 1968, SteilenboschV D walt G 11, 42, Horfes Ltd Erandsfontein, Rekenmeester, i 964, JohannesburgV D Walt G J,45, Munisipaliteit Aliwal Noord, Voorman, 1965, BethlehemV D Walt G N/,39, P/A Petra Meubels pretoria, Direkteur, l964, UniondaleV D walt H A,30, Van rddekingelaan 12, Fichardtpark, Hool Rekenmeesler N G K, 1925.

Bloemfonteinv D walt H J,35, P/A Geref pastorie odendaalsrus, predikant, 1962, Middelburg Kaapv D walt H J D, 28, p /A Erasmus Jooste & Kie Klerksdorp, prokureur, l 964, polchef stroomv D walt H J s, 47, P/A Skiereitandse Tegn Koilege Beilviile, Hoof, lg69, BtoemfonteinV D Walt H P. 41, Vi D Walt & Fourie Schollzstraai3g Unrsersitas Bloemfontein, Argitek,

1 972. KroonstadV D Walt H P,52. Sidney Settters, Boer, 1972, DelmasV D Walt 1S,44, Nooitverwacht pK Vermaas, Boer, 1973, UitschotV D Walt J, 35, Danspan potgielersrus, Boer/Sakeman, 1964V D walt J c, 38, Jonessrraat 94 pietersburg, prokureur/Naude Jansen & v D warr. 1970

PretoriaV D Walt J C,32, P/A Geref pastorie Wolmaransstad, predikant, 1970, MoltenoV D Walt J C, 37, Elsiesdam Hopetown, Boer, 1976V D Walt J D, 33, Stittehoop Steynsburg, Boer, 1965y P yrlt ! H (l,d Nr i896) pensioenrrekker _ Voorqestel vir die U R in 1968V D Walt J H, 33. Platdoorn polgietersrus, Boer, t975v D walt J H, 34, P/A Mooirivier Motors (Edms) Bpk potchefstroom, Besrurende Direkteur,

1967, ColesbergV D Walt J H, 32, Geref pastorre Barberton, predikant, 1966, RandburgV D Walt J H, 25, Kleinfontein Noupoort, Rekenmeester/Boer, .l 97jV D Walt J H P, 34, Hoerskool pelrusburg, Onderwyser, 1963, Odendaalsrust p Walt J J, 43. Schitpadpan Aildays, Bloer. 197t 'V D Walt J J, KimberteyV D Walt J J A,35, Univ Stellenbosch, Sen Lektor, 1974,preloriaV D Walt J J A, 43, P/A p U vir CHO potchefslroom, professor, 1969V D Walt J L, 42, P /A NAS Bouvereniging Johannes'burg, Takbesfuurder, 1965, port

ElizabethV D Walt J L C,27, N G Kerk Eshowe, predikant, 1968, StellenboschV D Walt J P, 37, Carletonville Hoerskool, Onderwyser, .l 964, potchefstroomv D walt J P,44, PU vir cHo potchefstroom, Hooi Tegnikus tnstrumentmaiery, rgT4V D walt J P L, 31, Geref Kerk suidheuwers Broemfontein, predikant, 1976, Re'i;V D Walt L, PretoriaV D Walt L, 32, S A U K Johannesburg, lngenieur, ,l966,

SpringsV D Walt 1J,33, P/A Geref Kerk SishLn, predikant, .1g77,

Bar-bertonV D Walt L S, 39, P/A SAppt Springs, Skeikundige, 1965, BenoniV D Walt L S,40, P/A Votkskas Venterstad, Besluurder, 196g, ReitzV D walt M F,30, Maraisstraat 49 De Aar, predikant Geref Kerk, 1976, potchefstroomy P y.lt \,1 { 11 ,Burgerstraal 1B pierersburg, prokureur, 1973, porchefstroomV D Walt M P A (Lid Nr 7751 ), Chrisliana, 1963V D walt N, 35, Prov Administrasie Bellstraat .ls

universitas Bloemfontein, lngenieur, .l 973,

Louis Trichardt

A1 't5

V D Walt N S O,39, Brakspruit Lestie, Boer, 1971, KinrossV D Walt N S T, 40, Genl Conroystraat 14 Bloemfontein, Argitek, 1963V D Walt N T S.37, P/A Volkskas Bpk Orkney, Rekenmeester, 1975, RandlonteinV D walt P, 37 , P / A Van Rooyen en Van Der walt Pretoria, Bourekenaar, 1 969, VenterstadV D Walt P C,45, P/A Sasol Sasolburg, Kontraktebestuurder, lg6T, JohannesburgV D Walt P J,32.PlA Eksteen en V D Walt Tzaneen, Siviele lngenieur, 1975, LevubuV D Walt P J,40, Volkskas Carolina, Bestuurder, i966, BethalV D Walt P J,42, Tokal Gobabis, Boer, l969, Middetburg TvlV D Walt P J,32, Departement v Verdediging Walvisbaai, Majoor, 1969, pretoriaV D Walt P J. 36, Versekeringskorporasie Rondalia, Admin Bestuurder, 1975, NylstroomV D Walt P J J, 32, Gereformeerde Kerk Lydenburg, predikant, 1967, pretoriaV D Walt P S V,26, Rouxstraat Bethulie, Onderwyser, 1968V D Walt P T 35, Skukuza Krugerwildturn, Hoof navorsingsbeampte, l977, Middelburg K pV D Walt R A,37, Britsstraat 60 Standerton/Oska Eng, Klerk, 1977, WardenV D Walt S C. 44, Laerskool Steynsburg, Skoolhoof, 1 965V D Walt S C, 36, Condreystraat 10 Kroonstad, Onderwyser, 1976, RandfonteinV D Walt S J, 40, Rondebultweg 226 Libradene/Laerskool J M Louw Boksburg, Skoolhoof.

1971, PrimroseV D Walt S J, 46, Brick & Tile Vereeniging, Beptanningsklerk, 1967V D Walt S P, PU vir CHO Potchefstroom, Professor (Teologie), ,l963

V D Walt T, 32, Gerelormeerde Pastorie Krugersdorp, Predikant, 1966, HollandV D Walt T (Prof), Molenstraat 65 Potchefstroom/PU vir CHO, Rektor (Skaket by

Universiteit l976)V D Walt TA,40, Lytteltonse lngenieurswerke, Produksie Superintendent, 1973, pretoriaV D Walt T F, 45, Herbert Bakerstraat 37 Groenkloof /Departement Handel pretoria, Ad1-

Sekretaris, l 977Vp Walt TJ,31, Nola Nywerhede Randfontein, Tegniese Bestuurder, 1g6g, SasolburgV D walt T N, 33, stadsraad Rustenburg, Bestuurder Pers & organisatoriese Dienste, 1975.

RandburgV D Walt T S P, 33, Holtzhausenweg 22 Potchefstroom, Lektor/pU vir CHO, 1977,

RustenburgV D Walt W, 29, Wildfontein Noupoort. Werktuigkundige/Boer, 1973VDWathJG(Dr)V D Watt H J P,36, Karreedam Marquard, Boer, 1965V D Watt L, 26, Van Zylstraat Brandfort, Prokureur, 1g65, ExcelsiorV D Watt P B, 27, N G Pastorre Bloemhof, Predikant, 1966, AmatiaV D Westhuizen A, 32, Minerale Bad Tshipise, Superintendent, 1964, BritsV D Westhuizen B 8,39, Simmerskool Germiston, Skoolhoof, 1966, SpringsV D Westhuizen B N,38, N G Sendinggemeente Katima Mulilo, predikant, 1976, EilrotV D Westhuizen C 8,27,Hoewe 224 Chartwell Sandton, Onderwyser, 1976, potchefstroomV D Westhuizen C F J,33, Pigeonstraat 21 Elspark/S A Weermag, Majoor, 1976V D Westhuizen C H, 43, Tegniese Skool Randfontein, Onderwyser, 1973V D Westhuizen C J, 38, Mopaniestraat 4 Homelake Randfontein, Geregsbode &

Eiendomsagent, 1 964V D Westhuizen C J, 40, Steelweld (Edms) Bpk/Randburg, Tegn & Bemarkingsbestuurder,

1974, Barkly-WesV D Westhuizen C V,35, Bonfoi PK Vlottenburg, Boer, 1973V D Westhuizen D B, 51, Carnarvon, Veeboer, 1 963V D Westhuizen F J,29, Jozini Staatswaterskema Zoeloeland, Skoolhoof, 1g69, DurbanV D Westhuizen G J, 46, Onderwyskollege Pretoria, Lektor, 1968V D Westhuizen G M, 38, P/A Ontvanger van lnkomste Pietersburg, Senior Beampte, 1965,

TweelingV D Westhuizen G P,37, Cedarlaan 12 Robertson, Onderwyser, 1967, NoupoortV D Westhuizen G P,38, Buffelshoek Nylstroom, Sakeman, I967, Louis TrichardtV D Westhuizen G v S, 33, Swartrivier Koelenhof, Boer, I970, StellenboschV D Westhuizen H G,27, N H Pastorie Hartswater, Predikant, 1964, pretoriaV D Westhuizen H L,45, P/A Sanlam Mafeking, Verteenwoordiger, 1964, BloemhofV D Westhuizen H L, 32, Stinkwater Niekerkshoop, Boer, l971V D Westhuizen H P,39, V D Hoffweg 40 Potchefstroom, Onderwyser, 1966, pretoriaV D westhuizen H P,36, Konservalonum vir Musiek stellenbosch, Dosent, 1967, Bellville

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V D Westhuizen lJ O.52, pK Rooirivier Oor Uniondate, Boer, 1964V D Wesrhuizen I p 36. Landorost<antooiie,inriji Lunooros, t967, UDinotonV D Westhuzen J 34 N .C Xert CraOocf , pr"l,lr"t, 1967, patersonV DWesrhuizen J c, 35, Mirinw.g kirb"ir;vlL*oiou unie-t"r-xp. sekretaris (org), 1975,V D Westhuzen J C, 44, Grootvlei Kamieskroon, Boer, l gZSv D wesrhuizen J H, 34. okaurngo*;g 61;ffi;; Adj_Skoothoof, t970, Manrnav D westhuizen J J, 29, _guitesteietik-e"c"*"i-huiirrrad pretoria, Regsassistent, 196sV D westhuizen J J p 27 uniue,siteiGror"g";.;)o"ro"rand, Krerk. i965 pretorraV D Westhutz en J L, 34, S A pot sie Ah"rioi"Xupi"in j 968, Germislont Bff:rli/;:n N 48 srerkfonrernnoilrrri r<,iri,rloorp superinteno"nt, rsoo,

V D Westhuzen N J, 35, S A Weermag pretoria, Kommandant, 1974v D westhuizen p, 3g, Senror seunsko"st r""stiuio"prund, onderwyser, lg76, windhoekV D wesrhuizen p J, 33, r-iarrebeespooi,ordiioerSr"or Brits, onderwyser, r968,JohannesburgV D Westhuizen p J,39, Zwartkop pK Ariamsvlei, Boer, 1965t

B.ffi:,,:ii;:n p J, 35, Derdesriaar q5 xi"."iril"%anram, verteenwoordiser, 1e70,

t ?#B:r&i#ilp

J, 34, Carinussrraat 246 Meyerspark /Votkskas, Assr_Hoof rekenmeester,v D Westhuizen p J, 45, Afnkaans H_oer Durban, skoorhoof 1g74, pietermaritzburgr

B#:rlii;:n p J w S, 30, Gerlr Gdr#;i"il Drimiopsis, senderins, 1e70,

V D Westhuizen p W 30 ,S

A Weermag Oudtshoorn, Majoor, i 967, WalvisbaaiV D.Wesrhuizen S A, 27, Santam crrriiiGiiltlir, , soo BeuvileV D Westhuizen S J 33 Tempe gtoemtontein/S e'ilr""_rg Kapelaan, 1927, Vereenigingu !#n";nrnun

s M J, se union ca;r;.;; ;, w;ffi co Nisel, Kontrakrebeam pte, 1st4.V D Westhuizen WJ,4i

?::!"g Oq,?,gmgskoltege Sibasa, Hoot, I926, Marble HaltV D Westhuizen w K, Erasmusstraat 2444"M"v"irprrx pretoria, streekdirekteur Tvr(Repubtiekfees 1971 )V D westhuizen w p 30. Be, & Van Rensburg Naboomspruit, Apteker, 1965. pretorat

?r|'rtt;:iitl"'o;',*.tn o"pi'iun'"n] r-","n"iEor?,"n"'o*n noorrooirisr,niio"".p,uV D westhuizen o s, 32, corin Gertenbach & De Vries sardanha, rngenieur, lg74, BervireVan De VenterA A FA K_Verteun*oo.Jii", V, W"r-f"f Noord_Kaapland & SWA*i"?.en}iJl;:A A 33, F A x ronanneroJig io#i.irratiewe Beampte, 1e6s,

u%3;i"tt"' B' Rjversdal (Tree op as Skaket by Afdelingsraadkongres in Kaapsrad in

Van Deventer D J,43, S A polrsie Heilbron, Adj_Oftisier, 1973, HerfzogvilleVan Deventer F J, 32, Gerefo,r"",o" (eir,'G';ir;i; predikant i 923, Middetburg K pvan Deventer H T, 30, N H pasrore k,r;;;;;;p-w;s, predikanr, 1974, ptetoriaVan Devenrer J H 3l Nasionarsx."i".i" [i#ilto,iL,n. rurr.rudakteur, 1973, preto.avan Deventer J J. 37. Drre n,viere iaeisroo;;;;;";;;,"g Skoothoof, 1974. ElsburgVan Deventer J J, 34, N C g,e199r,te Sei".rn"Sp"lri, predikanr, t966, Ste,enboschvan Deventer s p, stadswaardeerder van aroemf;te,"n terwyl in diens van Munisipariteit in. . 1 973 Stadsraad se Hoof aou-tnspeLteurvan Dyk I q, 92, Hoerskoor roenuie onoerhoof, 1 976, potchefstroomVan Dyk C C,28, Oosrhuizen &-Van Dyk eJtri,.,'f;orrts, 1965, Malmesburyvan Dyk c J,33, stuiterstra-al 50A Erm;lo, i;o[r"l"ri 1971, wepenerVan Dyk FJ,32, LantanataanZ.roteen xempiol'Flr[ ono"rrryser, 1977, EdenvateVan Dyk F J, 50, Kaffersr<raat H/arrr<anaUS..j!, e""i t974, Bothavillevan Dyk G J, s0, A s D Kantoor erer"noerorai, nl-."isient Bestuurder, 1966. pretoriaVan Dyk G p (Lid Nr 1784) arnto._Onoul*-v! ;,,et"o;; Sekreransvan Dyk J c J. 34, Volkskas Gtencoe R;ke;;;iu,lrgoe ourorny:l RllJ H peparrement Bantoe_Adri.;.t,..[, iezsvan uyk J H, 40. Revnordsrraat l6 Dundee, iooJr"iiinr,"oeampte, lg72,vtvheidVan Dyk J J, 32, Hompestraat 040 vinoalore i;r;;;r;"rp t\ilunisipatirertbeampte 1977

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4117

Van Dyk J J, 30, Hodrskool Rustenburg, Onderwyser, 1965, pretoriaVan Dyk J s, 42, v D Merwestraat Erasmia pretoria, N G predikant, 1970, BenoniVan Dyk P J C, 36, Hoerskool Nylstroom, Onderwyser, l965, WaterbergVan Dyk T A 35, S A Weermag pretoria, Kommandant, j 964, ErmeloVa.n Dyk T J, 39, Blakewayweg 40 Umlata/Bantoe-Onderwys, Skoolhoof, 1g75,

NqamakweVan Dyk T J, 45, S A Lugmag Pretoria, Kaptein, 1968Van Dyk S W, 36. Sinoville Preloria, Adlunkhoof, l975Van Dyk W D.36, Rooivlei p K Grootmist port Nolloth, Boer. 1969Van Dyk W J. 33, Napier, Boer, 1963Van Eck D R, 39, Lusthol Lichtenburg, Boer, 1 974Van Eck J, 33, Hoerskool Williston, Onderwyser, 1974, Bellvillevan Eck s F,32, ulswater 8 Pinelands/Van Zijl & Robinson Finansiele Direkteur, 1971,

BredasdorpVan Eeden A, 38, Tautestraat Machadodorp, Apteker, 1 974, SwartruggensVan Eeden C C C, 32. Michaelstraat 36 Wilkoppies Klerksdorp, Ondeiwyser, .l

970,Potchelstroom

Van Eeden D, 45. PU vir CHO Potchefstroom, protessor. 1973Van Eeden D P w. 41. Romastraat i 0 Robertsham Johannesburg Adj-offisier (sAp), l 968,

FloridaVan Eeden F J 34, P/A yskor pretoria, Chemikus, 1975, VanderbijlparkVan Eeden G. 40. Van Eeden Molors Germiston. Werktuigkundige.. jgOgVan Eeden G J. 28, Kruisrivier Riversdal, Boer, lgZ3Van Eeden H J A. 34, Erveystraat 2 vanderbiJrpark/Hoeirskoor onderwyser, 1g76,

SasolburgVan Eeden J A (Lid Nr 7752). potchefstroom-Wes, 1963Van Eeden J A,27. Susannahswoning pK Sheridan, Boer, 1g62, Fouriesburgvan Eeden J A,39, Nie-Btanke Sake Munisipaliteil pretoria superintendent. 1964Van Eeden J 8,32, Kerklaan 362 Lynnwood pretoria, onderwyser, 1965, LichtenburgVan Eeden J H, 34, Denrsestraal 1 1 Brakpan. Onderwyser, I 973Van Eeden J J,38, P/A Nasionale party (Tvl) Johannesburg Asst-sekretaris, 196g,

Randf onteinVan Eeden J S,41, Hoerskool Hangklip Queenstown, Onderhoof, 1967, SpringbokVan Eeden J T, 34. Palmietfontein Klerksdorp. Boer. 1970, DelareyvilleVan Eeden o R (Dr), Lid van die Uilvoerende Raad se wetenskap-Komitee in 1973Van Eeden T F J, 29, Oshoek Delareyville, Boer, 1974Van Emmenis R, 35, Blairgowrie construction Randburg, Direkteur. 1970, JohannesburgVan Eyssen P J.42.1 13delaan 32 Bellville, Rekenmeester & Fabriekskosteklerk. 1971,

StrandVan Gerderen D S,33 P/A Yskor Ellisras, Meganiese lngenieur, 1977, ThabazimbiVan Graan c H, 29, vierdestraat 69 Springs/NG Kerk werdapark, predikant, lgzo, BellvilleVan Graan E v,32, Bank V/D oVS Bloemfontein, Frnans & Statisliese Assistent, l969

KimberleyVan Graan H L, 32, N G Kerk Capital park-Oos pretoria, predikant, .l 973. Durbanvan Graan J A, 29, Monicalaan Flamwood Klerksdorp/General Mining & Finance Korp

Bpk, Hoof-Projekgeoloog. 1976. PotchetstroomVan Graan P H, 35. Rietfonteinweg Primrose Germrston, Tandaris, 1969. pretoriaVan Heerden A, 49, Hutchinsonweg 44 scottsville pielermaritzburg, Regter, 1967, DurbanVan Heerden A, 45, Landbou Tegniese Dienste pretoria, Asst DirekGur (Veeartseny), 1974,

VryburgVan Heerden A F, 39, Witrivier Munisipaliteit, Sladstesourier, 1973, MeyertonVan Heerden AJ,47, N G Kerk Wonderboom pretoria, predikant, 1968, DurbanVan Heerden A J N,31. N G pastorie Matubatuba, predikant, 1964Van Heerden C S, 28, Eloffskraal Murraysburg, Boer, 1g66Van Heerden cv,42, Derdelaan 7 Vaalreet, Asst ondergrondbestuurder, 1967, springsVan Heerden C v L, 42, Volkskas Bethulie, Bestuurder, 1974, pretoriavan Heerden c w c,49, Departement van Verdediging pretoria, parl Assistent,'l 968Van Heerden F A J, 33, oranjestraat I Lakeview/s A s & H, Klerk (Rekenkundig), 1922.

BloemfonteinVan Heerden F J.45. Garies, posmeester, 1g73, lndwe

A118

Van Heerden H, 37. plaas .,Cub Outjo. Boer, 1970

Van Heerden H,34, Burgerstraat 14 Lydenburg, Tandarts. j965Van Heerden H F, 34, smithfierd Handershuis koop Bpk, Bestuurder, 1975, Barkry-oosVan Heerden H J V,36. Vaalbank pK Hlobane. Boer, i975, ChristianaVan Heerden H N/, 35, Hockeylaan 5 Northcliffe Johannesburg. sakeman, 1970, Biesiesvleivan Heerden H s.35. Landdroskantoor Bethar, Senror Land-dros, 1g74, noooepoortVan Heerden I J, 30, Bosmanskop Hendrina. Sakeman/Boer, .1g74,

LentzVan Heerden I J,31, Naudesfontein Sterkstroom, Boer.196gVan Heerden J D G. 31. Cullinan Refractories Olitantsfontein Personeelbestuurder, I969van Heerden J L,41, Graceraan 66 Murray{rerd pretoria, Apteker lsentra RptLer; rozz

Hercules PretoriaVan Heerden J P, Lid van die Uitvoerende Raad se Ekonomiese Komitee in r g73Van Heerden J P vd w,41, Erasmusstraar242 Meyerspark pretoria Aomin Beampte u p

1977, PreloriaVan Heerden L D. 42, Onderstetuin Murraysburg Kaap, Boer, 1 g6gVan Heerden L F. 43. Hoerskool Vereeniging, Onderwyser. 1965. Lydenburgvan Heerden L J. 38. P/A Bantoekommissarii potgietersrus, Add Bantoesakekomm. r96g,

Sibasavan Heerden L J R. 42. collinsingel 6 sasorburg/carbochem, Rekenmeester, 1976,

JohannesburgVan Heerden P D R,39. p/AKarl Bremerhospitaal Bellville, lnternrs, r970, RustenburgVan Heerden P J (Lid Nr 8649), Lisbonlaan 47 Robertsham Uitbr t onoerwyieiVan Heerden P J, 25, Laerskool Malvern Johannesburg, Onderwyser, l965Van Heerden P J R, 37. Volkskas Morgenzon, Bestuurder, 1966, irretoriaVan Heerden P W,45, S A S & H Oos_Londen, Voorman Grofsmid, l970, DurbanvanHeerdenRBJ,40,Esperancestraat40oosterseparow,MaloortsasFoilirel rgzr

Pretonavan Heerden t.34, P/A sothodiens sA u K Johannesburg, Hoof, 1966, RandfonteinVan Heerden W F.32, Sanlamgebou Durban. Tandarts, 1969. pretoriaVan Heerden W F P. 35, Sybrand v Niekerkkoshuis Vereeniging, Onderwyser, l 964Van Heerden w J s, 38, Genr pretorius-Gebou pretoria, Raalpr'rngenieur'1964, HeirbronVan Heerden W S, 38, Langstraat 1 Nlosselbaai, Stadsklerk, iSZOI SpringsVan Helsdingen J M, 3t, Huis Keet Lydenburg, Onderwyser, 1977, p.rlrciiaVan Huyssteen B J, 39, Rivierstraat rg Laingsburg, Volkskasbestuurder, lgT2. Kaapstadvan Huyssteen c F, 32, Lismorestraat t 2 Kenmare Krugersdorp, onderwyser, 1 967,

ErmeloVan Huyssteen c F,38, schnehagestraat 2 winburg, Erektrisiein, 1974. BothaviileVan Huyssteen J s, 42, Midde-vrystaatse suiwelkocip senekal Handelsbestuurder, 1965Van Huyssteen R, 39, Derdelaan parys, Onderwyser. 1 g75, Vredefortvan Huyssteen R J,4,1, Dorpsbestuur Richardsbaai, Stadstesourier, lgT6 pietersburgVan Huyssteen s s, 27, Volkskas pietermaritzburg, Assistent Rekenmeester 1966,

lvlatatielevan Huysteen I9,32 Vyfdestraat l0 Marrands Germiston, Adrnin Beampte B B K, 1g77Van Huysleen G F, 26, Rietkuit Komspruit, Boer. 1964, LindleyVan Huysteen S, 34, Sanlam port Elizabeth, Verleenwoordigei, tgOS, KnysnaVan Jaarsveld A A,31, Rietfontein pK Uchab, Boer, 1964, DordrechtVan Jaarsveld A B J, 25, Fisons Bpk Standerton, Adviseur, .l965, FicksburgVan Jaarsveld A S, 47, Munisipaliteit Brakpan, Klerk v d Raad, l965, Rood"epoortVan Jaarsveld J G P, 30, Jagterslust Grootfontein, Boer, 1967, AdelaideVan Jaarsveld J P, 43, wesserstraat 13 Boshoff, onderwyser. .l g74, TheunissenVan Jaarsveld R J, 40, s A s & r-r sannaspos Bloemfontein, stasiemeester, 1967,

Kaa ls pru tt st as ieVan Jaarsveld S R,29, Panmar Huis 604 Bloemfontein, Argitek, 1966Van Jaarsveld s R, 40, Karroo vleisbeurs Bpk Germiston, H-oof bestuurder, 1965, BethulieVan Kerken E E, Voormalige Drrekteur van Onderwys van O V SVan Kradenburg L P, 29, Twaarfdeslraat 221 warvisbaai, Hoerskoolonderwyser, r972,

StellenboschVan Lill H,28, Pienaarstraat Despatch, N G predikant, 1977, StellenboschVan Lill H, 32, E Ross-Hospitaal Witsieshoek, Geneesheer, 1976, Madwaleni

A119

Van Loggerenberg A S, 44, Tehuis J A Kruger Elandslontein (s A s), Assistent Bestuurder,1 977, Klerksdorp

Van Loggerenberg E,31, Elizabeth Eybersstraat 59 Bandharl. Lektor (RAU), 1975, porlElizabeth

Van Loggerenberg J F,45, Munisipaliteit Randfontejn Sladsklerk, 1967, WelkomVan Loggerenberg J H, open Bondsraad van 1966 met skriflesing & Gebed (Bloemlontein)Van Loggerenberg J P B, 33, P/A S A Lugmag Pretoria, Kommandant, 1969, ErmeloVan Loggerenberg P H (Lid Nr 7773), Winburg, 1963Van Loggerenberg P J S,43, Robinweg 38 yellowwoodpark Durban, Geregsbode, 1g75,

PretoriaVan Lutterveld J, 34, Posbus 82 Oberholzer, Melkboer, 1970Van Metzinger S,30, Hans Strljdomlaan 14 Robindale Randburg, Sakeman, 1977,

JohannesburgVan Niekerk A A, (Lid Nr 7753) Johannesburg, 1963Van Niekerk A l, 36, Rugseer Kenhardt, Boer, 1 975, StellenboschVan Niekerk A J, (Lid Nr 4989), Grootiontein, BoerVan Niekerk A P, 34, Possak 57 Aroab S W A, Boer, 1965, WarmfonternVan Niekerk A P J, 39, Suid-Wes Tvlse Landboukoop Leeudoringstad, produktehoof, 1 974,

PretoriaVan Niekerk A S, 33, Grootkop Badplaas, Boer, l970, CarolinaVan Niekerk 8,43, Krymekaar Springbok, Boer, 1964, GamoepVan Nrekerk C A, 32, Ratelfontein Calvinia, Boer, 1967Van Niekerk C C P,34, Sesdelaan 225Capital ParklWNNR pta, Senior Tegn Assisient,

1976, PretoriaVan Niekerk C J,28, Boschoek Distrik Vrede, Boer, i965, HarrismithVan Nrekerk C J, 30, Shannonweg 6 Uitbr 1 Bonaero Park, Geneesheer, 1 970,

KeetmanshoopVan Niekerk C J du P, 39, Rietfontein,Suid/N G PastorieVan Niekerk C J du P,39, N G Pastorie Rietfontein-Suid Pretoria, predikant, 196S,

HobhouseVan Niekerk C M,32, Marilzstraat 12 Nelspruit/S A Polisie, Kaptein, .1972,

GroblersdalVan Niekerk C M,33, P/A Staatsprokureur Preloria, Wetsassistent, I962, BrakpanVan Niekerk C W, 37, lzak Lombardkoshuis Delmas, Onderwyser, 1971, pretoriaVan Niekerk D H,31, Erasmus Joosle & Kie Klerksdorp, Prokureursklerk, lg64, pretoriaVan Niekerk D H, 42, Departemenl v Landbou Gobabis, Senior Beampte, 1969, WindhoekVan Niekerk D J, 42, Edwardslraat 25 Waterkloof Preloria, Hoofsekretaris (S A Akademie),

1971, KaapstadVan Niekerk E A,38, S A S Polisie Esselenpark Pretoria, Luitenant, lg68, WindhoekVan Niekerk E A,30, N G Pastorie Potgietersrus, Predrkant, 1965, pretoriaVan Niekerk F,44, Craltord du Toit & Vennote Brrts, Rekenmeester, j963, MalmesburyVan Niekerk F C, 28, Voorlrekkerslraat Grabouw, Onderwyser, 1966, piketbergVan Niekerk F J, 38, Brandwag Versekering Johannesburg, Hool-lnspekteur, l96TVan Niekerk G A, 33, Modderfontein Rustendburg, Senior Assistent, 1971, Heidelberg TvlVan Niekerk G J, 34, Edgars Johannesburg, Werkbestuurder, 1968, BoksburgVan Niekerk G J C, 35, S A Weermag Oshakati, Kommandant, 1975, pretoriaVan Niekerk G L, 30, Fullardstraat 19 Kroonstad, Bestuurder/Saambounas, 1971,

BloemfonteinVan Niekerk G P, 31, Donkerklool Jagersfontein, Boer, i 969, FauresmithVan Njekerk G S, 31, Dept Volkekunde Univ Stellenbosch Jan v Riebeeckstraat

Wellington, Student/Tegniese Beampte, 1 973, KeelmanshoopVan Niekerk H A du T, 38, N G Sendingpastorie Op-dte-Berg Gydo, Sendeting,

10

1 969Hennenman

Van Niekerk H C, 33, Oakridgelaan B Hadisonpark Kimberley Dept Binnelandse lnkomste,lnkomste lnspekteur, .1

974, JacobsdalVan Niekerk H G,39, Deparlement Sielkunde Univ Stellenbosch, Lektor, l964, Fort

BeaufortVan Niekerk H J, 42, Helpmekaar Dewetsdorp, Boer, 1964Van Niekerk H J, 44, Legal & General Ass Mpy Durban, Senior Klerk, 1 974, JohannesburgVan Niekerk I J M, 36, S A Polisie Bellville, Luitenant, 1964, SpringbokVan Niekerk J,30, P/A K W V Wellington, Landbou-Ekonoom, 1975, Beilviile

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Van Niekerk J A, 26, Hoerskool Carolina, Onderwyser, 1966. PotchefstroomVan Niekerk J D.39, A E G SA /Kentlaan 180 Ferndale. lngenieur, 1970, AlbertonVanNiekerkJCH,3T,SAS&HBeaufort-Wes,Gesondheidsinspekteur,tg63,WorcesterVan Niekerk J J S, 44, N G Kerk Elandsfontein, Predikant, 1 967, Fort BeaufortVan Niekerk J M, 39, N G Pastorie Carnarvon, Predikant, 1967, VanzylsrustVan Niekerk J O, 35, Waaiwater Warden, Boer, 1970Van Niekerk J S, 33, Molopo Apteek Vryburg, Apteker, 1964Van Nieker JW,27, Kerkstraat Douglas. Onderwyser/Boer, 1967, paarlVan Niekerk lV J,30, Excelsiorkoshuis HoerVolkskool Heidelberg Tvl. Onderwyser. 1971Van Niekerk P, 46, Krugerlaan 46 Discovery, N G Predikant, l 970, FicksburgVan Nrekerk P A F, 46, "Eendoring'Springbok, Boer/Sakeman, 1969Van Niekerk P A L,35, Paul Krugerstraat Durbanville, Skoolsielkundige, 1974. KaapstadVan Niekerk P J, 35, Volkskas Christiana, Bestuurder, 1964, PretoriaVan Niekerk P L, 26, D'Arcystraat Douglas/S A Polisie, Konstabel/Boer. 1970Van Niekerk P W , 42, Landdroskantoor Hammanskraal, Landdros, 1 976 Rundu S W AVan Niekerk P W le R, 29, Bornkhorstraat 59 Groenkloof Pta, Prokureur (Tim du Toit & Kie),

1977, Brooklyn PtaVan Niekerk S C J, 36, Rainierstraat lvlalmesbury, Geneesheer, 1964, KaapstadVan Niekerk S G, 28, Louterbronnen Gumtree, Boer, 1964, FicksburgVan Niekerk S G J, (Lrd Nr 2296) Pretoria (Waterkloo{), Adminjstrateur van Tvl (Voorgestel)VanNiekerkSGJ,(LidNr2296) Pretoria-AdministrateurvTvl -Voorgestel virdieURin

1 968Van Niekerk S T, 25, Hoerskool Wrtrivier, Onderwyser, l970. PotchefstroomVan Niekerk S W, 34, Elandsdrift PK Mooinooi Brits, Landdros, 1973, NelspruitVan Niekerk W A, (Lid Nr 7678) Vanrynsdorp, Boer, 1 962Van Niekerk W A, 29, Provinsiale Administrasie Pretoria, Geneesheer. I967Van Niekerk W J, 32, Dept Landbou Ekonomie & Bemarking Kstd Administratiewe

Beampte l966. LanglaagteVan Niekerk WJ L,32, Tartstraat Mariental/S A S & H, Klerk, 1975, RiversdalVan Niekerk W N/,45, Munisipaliteit Walvisbaai, Direkteur v Bantoesake, 1967, HeilbronVan Niekerk W P, 27, N G Kerk Dullstroom, Predikant, i 967, pretoriaVan Nieuwenhuizen A, 43,PlA Yskor Pretoria, lngenieur, 1974Van Nieuwenhuizen H P J,32, Foskor Phalaborwa, Passer, 1969, LydenburgVan Nikkelen Kuyper G J E, 36, Harringtonstraat 49 Brits/Evkom. lngenieur (Etektriese),

1971, PretoriaVan Onselen I D, Voormalige Beampte van Bantoe-AdmrntstrasieVan Oordt A G, 38, La Rocherylaan l3 Humewood Port Elizabeth, Bestuurder (Santam),

1971, PretoriaVan Oudtshoorn M C B v R, 35, Bremnetstraat 27 Bailiepark/PU vir CHO, Professor, 1970.

ErmeloVan Pitttus D M Gey, 39, Laerskool Vaalwater. Onderhoof , 1967, NaboomspruitVan Pletzen J H.46, Laerskool Wildehondpan Migdol, Skoolhoof, 1975, Orkne:yVan Pletzen N L,36, Reitzpark Primere Skool Welkom, Skoolhoof, 1976, BloemfonteinVan Pletzen P N, 41, Laerskool Wesbank Oudtshoorn, Hoof , 1966, Port ElizabethVan Pulten J W. 36, Rooibosteebeheerraad Clanwilliam Vakkundige Beampte, ,1968,

GraafwaterVan Reenen C, 36, Departement Bantoe-Onderwys Thaba'Nchu, Onderwyser, 1g75,

PretoriaVan Reenen D G 8,38, Pretorium Trust Bpk Pretoria, Assistent Rekenmeester. 1973,

KakamasVan Reenen G L,30, Lucasstraat Harrismith, Prokureur, 1973Van Renen J, 34, Laerskool Bellville, Onderhoof , 1969Van Rensburg A J 32, Lindense Hoerskool Johannesburg, Onderwyser, 1 973Van Rensburg A.i. 53, Crestlands Balfour, Boer, 1969, KeniaVan Rensburg B D J,29, Fraai-Uilzicht Ficksburg, Boer,1970Van Bensburg B H Janse, 50, Durban Deep 31 Roodepoort, Ventilasiebeampte. 1967,

MaraisburgVan Rensburg B J J. 42, Stadsraad Pretoria, Ouditklerk, 1968Van Rensburg B W J, 31, Gelykwater Babanango Boer, 1 963Van Rensburg C J J, 37, Aurora Aberfeldy. Boer, 1 963

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Van Fensburg C J J, 33, N H pastorie Vryheid, predikant. j 976, WilbankVan Rensbsurg c J J,31, utrechtstraat 60 vryheid, N G K sendering, r97r, utrechtVan Rensburg C J J J,39, Vaalharts Landboukodp, Bestuurder, 1975, HartswaterVan Rensburg D E J.32, N G pastorie Victoria-wes, predikant, i966. AuroraVan Rensburg D J,29, Krein Sabie sabie, onderwyser. 1967. potchefstroomVan Rensburg D J J,26, Dept Landbou Tegniese Dienste pretoria Landbou-lngenreur,

197 4Van Rensburg E G. 46. Groenrant Uniondale, Boer, I 975Van Rensburg E J J, 30 Van Riebeeckraan 220 verwoerdburg/yskor Tegniese

Ontleder/Progr am. 1 97 7. KroonsladVan Rensburg E S J, 43, S A polisie paarl, Luitenanl-Kolonel, 1970, GeorgeVan Rensburg E T J, 32. Malutilaan 40 ouellerina Johannesburg, BestuurdeilFin Afd F v B)

1971. BellvilleVan Rensburg F C J, 39, Schoemansdrif pK Reitzburg, Boer. I 965, Schoemansdrifvan Rensburg F w v L J,40, s A polisie pietermaritzburg, Adjunk offisier. 1966, DurbanVan Bensburg G F, 35, Hoeirlandbouskool Jacobsdal. Onderwyser, 1974. pretoriaVan Rensburg G F J. 35, Hodrskool petrusburg, Onderwyser, 1967, BrandlortVan Rensburg G F J, 37, Amkor Vereeniging, Veearts, 1965, pretoriaVan Rensburg G F J, 35, N G Pastorie Swellendam, predrkant, 1969. StellenboschVan Rensburg G J J, 33, Plesier Biesiesvlei, Boer. 1975,Van Rensburg G P, 40, winnepegstraat 33 Raceview Alberton, Adj-Direkteur (Nie-Blanke

Sake), 1 971, SpringsVan Rensburg H C J, 33. Laerskool Winkelhaak Evander, Onderwyser, 1974, WitbankVan Rensburg H D J, 35, Hoerskool Nelspruit, Onderwyser, l 975, BandlonteinVan Rensburg H G, 25, H G Hollaagte Mosselbaai, Boer,1gl4Van Rensburg H l J J,34, Fullardstraat l2 Kroonstad. Onderwyser, 1969Van Rensburg H J M J,36, Penrith Babanango, Boer, 1963Van Rensburg H lV J, 35, Alwynfleur Rjversdal, prokureur, 1965Van Rensburg H lV J, 40, N G Sendingpastorie Wellington, Sendeling, i964. KaapstadVan Rensburg J A J, 39, Wolhuterskop Hertzogville, Boer, 1968Van Rensburg J F J, 37, Bucklands Douglas, Onderwyser, 1 967, Belmontvan Rensburg J F J,42, calysteeg 1207 oueenswood pretoria, waternavorser ( w N N B)

1976, KimberleyVan Rensburg J F J, 39, Dealeweg g0 Dan pienaar Bloemf ontetn, Landmeter, ,1969.

WinburgVan Rensburg J F N J, 38, Republiek Bloemlontein, Onderwyser, 1976Van Rensburg J G J,39, Vlakfontein Swartfolozi Vryheid, Boer, .l 974Van Rensburg J H, 35, Skoongesig Sannieshof, Boer, 1 971Van Rensburg J H,36, Mooivlakte Bainsvlei O V S, Boer, 1974, BloemfonteinVan Rensburg J H J, 36, Glasgow Bloemhof, Boer, 1g74Van Bensburg J J,30, Drieankerhof 4l6 sunnyside pretoria, Takbestuurder (sanlam),

1 977, JohannesburgVan Rensburg J J J, 38, Langsloot Kinross, Fabrieksbestuurde(, j974. potchelstroomVan Rensburg J J J,31, Volkskas Durban, Assistent-Rekenmeester, 1968, BenonrVan Rensburg J J J,35, saambou-Nasionaal port Elizabeth, Admin-Bestuurder, 1976,

KuilsrivierVan Rensburg J L J, 32, Rooikoppies 417 Distrik Brits, Boer, 1974Van Rensburg J L J, 26, Hoerskool Dundee, Onderwyser, 1973, JohannesburgVan Rensburg J M P J, 33, Sasol Sasolburg, Hoof (personeel Dept), 1973, BellvilleVan Rensburg J TJ,43, Rooikoppies 417 Distrik Brits, Boer, 1972Van Rensburg L P J, 37, Hoerskool Vanderbijlpark, Vise-Hoof, 1974, potgietersrusVan Rensburg M C G J (Lid Nr 7234), Bloemfontejn, l963Van Rensburg N A J, 38, Rooth & Wessels Vanderbijlpark, prokureur, 1975, ZastronVan Rensburg N F J, 35, S A Weermag Oudtshoorn, Kaptein, 1969, pretoriaVan Rensburg N J J,34, SA Koop-Ampt-Vereniging paarl, Rekenmeester, 1969, DundeeVan Rensburg N J J,38, Duncombeweg 319 Mondeor Johannesburg, Kunslektor, i974.

PotchefstroomVan Rensburg N M J, 41, Klopperstraat l2fhaba 'Nchu, Landdros (Bophuthatswana

Begeringsdiens), 1 975, Tzaneen

A122

Van Rensburg P J' 28. cottesroehot 4 Herardstraat Johannesburg, onderwyser, 1971,PotchefstroomVan Rensburg P J J, 37, S A polisie Sabje, Sersant, 1965, LydenburgVan Hensburg R C J,32, Malelane Srtruskodp Malelane. Vervoerbestuurder, 1g70, ReitzVan Rensburg R J J 42. Koop Handershuis Bpk Nvritroor, Bestuurder. rg64, RervrroVan Rensburg s A J, 38, Koorverde-Handershuis wittanr Bestuurder. r966, MidderburgVan Rensburg S F J. 39. Van Riebeeck UeOiese_CeOou 622 pretoriaOolrrtr. igOzPhilippolsvan Rensburg s H J, 32, parkstraat Frankforl, Geneesheer. 1 g72. Betharvan Rensburg s J, 36. christiaanstraat 1B Annrin pretoria, wetenskaprike (Raad opAtoomkrag). 1 970. Stellenboschvan Rensburg s J 34 Hoofstraat Greyringstad. Laerskoor onderwyser. 1g71. r\4eyertonVan Rensburg s J J. (L,d Nr 7594) Vreissjntraar pretoria, Hoorbestlurderlvoorjestet virdie U R in 1968 & Lid van die U R se Landbou_Komitee in 196g)Van Bensburg S W J, 35. Amkor Newcasile, Skeikundige, I 964, poichefstroomvan Rensburg T c J. 43, vorkskas Hoofkantoor pretorii, Bestuurder letei<tronieseDataverwerking), 1 976. Vredevan Rensburg T G J,47, Human Motors Broemfontern, Sekretaris, 1g6gVan Rensburg f I J.42. Spekboom pK paterson, Boer.1g77Van Rensburg V E, 41, Landdroskantoor Stanger. Landdros, 1 975. BethalVan Bensburg w c J, 34, whitegatestraat Gle"ncoe, prokureur, 1967, pietermaritzburgVan Rensburg w H J. 41. Sestienderaan 2 Mosserbaai, Tandarts, rgzo pietona'-Van Rensburg w J. 32, N G Gemeente Rretfontein-suid pretoria, predikant, 1g77, BrakpanVan Rensburg w J J, 44. onderwyskoilege potchefstroom, Departementshoof, 1 967,PretoriaVan Rensburg W J J,38, S A S & H Johannesburg, Hoofklerk. ,l969,

GermistonVan Rensburg w L J,36, Landbou Fakurteit u o v"s Broemtontein. senior Lektor. 1973.StellenboschVan Rensbsurg w L D M J, 32, Alberl Koop Jamestown, Bestuurder, 1 967, VenterstadVan Rensburg w M J, 43, ottaweg 24 Kampsbaat/Nasionale Koerante, Rekenmeester,

1 97 1, KaapstadVan Rheede v oudtshoorn w p,41, Beaufortstraat 66 Grahamstad, Griffier, 1967,WindhoekVan Rooy A 30 'Belasting' Letsitele, Boer, 1965, BustenburgVan Rooy D J, Emeritus professor ln Wiskunde p U vir CHO potchetstroomVan Rooy 9 y _35 Dept Verdediging pretoria, Kaptein, l964, potchefstroomVan Rooy H C, P U vir CHO potcheistroom, professor, (Biblioteekkunde), 1963Van Rooy H F de W,45, Boland Krugersdorp, Boer, 1g64, Aliwal NoordVan Rooy L,34, Sitrusbeurs plaston, Koordineerdei, 1967, eueenstownVan Rooyen A A C, 43, Delhi pK Letsitele, Boer, ReitzVan Rooyen A c, 37. p/A s A porisiekoilege pretoria, Lujtenant, r968, KnysnaVan Rooyen A J, OpvoedkundigeVan Rooyen A J L, (Lid Nr 4114), Johannesburg Noord voorgester vir die u R in 1968,GinekoloogVan Rooyen B D,39, l\,4erino Slagtery port Elizabeth, Bestuurder, 1977van Booyen c P F. 44, Danier Miranryraan 1 7 Froridapark, Verkoopsbestuurder. 1 975,PietermantzburgVan Rooyen D R D, 33, Laerskool pK Teebus (Steynsburg), Skoolhoof, t969, CradockVan Rooyen D w, 3s, Miiltdre Basis Doornkop Joninnesburg, orfisier, 1977 vereenigingVan Rooyen E A, 39, Bechuanastraat 10 Kuruman, Atderingiraadser<retaris, r szb.UpingtonVan Rooyen E J, 33, Hodrskoor sybrand v Niekerk sabie, onderhoof, r g69, Heiderberg TvrVan Rooyen E R (Lid Nr 7676), Langkloo{, Assjstent LanddrosVan Rooyen F,3?, Meyer Net & Kie-Wetkom, Ouditeui,.t 969, BtoemfonteinVan Rooyen G, 38, Slabbert Verster & Malherbe Johannesburg, Bestuurder, 1 969Van Rooyen G F M, 33, Lombard & v Rooyen Excersior, prokureur, rsos senekarVan Royen G l, 45, Afdeling Hospitaaldienste pretoria, lnspekteur, f SOS-Vo;s;f ;aaiVan Rooyen c p, (Lid Nr 26S1, Xrugersdorp Arg.ir;O; lnspekteur v OnderwysVan Rooyen G R,49, N G pastorieladysmith,'predikant, 1963, VryheidVan Rooyen H C, 37, N G pastone Jacobs Natal, predikant, 1966, Vierfontein

4123

Van Rooyen l, 30, Ho€irskool Edenvale, Onderwyser, 1967, ZeerustVan Rooyen I F O, 32, Derdelaan gB Edenvale, Onderwyser, 1g70, Wolmaransstadvan Rooyen I M, Vryheid-oos - Hy s6 Buiterandse Beioekers moet by nrnr.rn"ra

Tuisgaan(Bondsraad 1 965)

Van Booyen J J, Voormalige Redakteur van die TransvalerVan Rooyen J J, 40, Dekself ontein Alexandria, Boer, i g67Van Booyen J K, 30, walker-woodstraat Barberton, Hoerskoor onderwyser, 1g71,

PotchefstroomVan Rooyen J w J, 45, Bruflweg 839 Grosvenor Durban, rnspekteur v skore. i 967, DundeeVan Rooyen K F. 32, Landsberghoek potgietersrus, oogkunriige/Boer/Apreker,1gr4,

HendrinaVan Rooyen L, 32, Onrecht pK Swartfolozi, Boer/Sakeman, t9Z3Van Rooyen L, 47, Boshoek Vryheid, Boer, 1964. HlobaneVan Rooyen M. 32, Universiteit pretoria, Dosent (lng), 1964, SenekalVan Rooyen M M. 47, Gedenk-Kinderhuis Ladybrarid, Direkteur, 1967, steynsburgVan Rooyen M S, 33, N G Sendingpastorie Hendrina, predikant, I 96g, Manzinivan Rooyen P c, 42. staatsdienskommissie pretoria, Admin Beheerbeampte, 1970Van Rooyen P G,48, Provinsiare Koshuis Laerskoor witrivier, onderwysel, 1965, ErmeroVan Rooyen P H, 45, Nola Nywerhede Randfontein, Reklamebeampte, lgOZ,

JohannesburgVan Rooyen P T, 40, S A S & H potchefstroom, Masjinis, .1965

Van Rooyen P W, Lid van die U R se Landbou-Komitee in 1973Van Rooyen R H, 40, Hoerskool Caledon, Skoolhool, 1974, WittedrifVan Rooyen R P, 35, Hoerskool Brandwag Benoni, Onderwyser, I g74, MeyertonVan Rooyen R T J, 39, yskor pretoria, peisoneelbeampte, iSOO, MakwassieVan Booyen S C, 34, Sasolnuus Sasolburg, Redakteur, 1969, OudlshoornVar Rooyen w F, 34, sanguineweg Montroux Johannesburg, ortopediese chirurg, 1 96g,

PretoriaVan Bouendal L,35, Woulerweg 7 Retiefpark Lichtenburg, Argitek, 1g77,preloriaVan Ryneveld w, 33, Finsburyraan r2 Auckrandpark, senior L;ktor (RAU) t9zt, pretoriaVan Ryssen J c J, 33, Barnardstraat g potchefstroom, senior Lektor (pU vir cHo), 1977.

JohannesburgVan Rijkswijk A A, 33, Harmslontein Burgersdorp, Boer, 1976Var Schalkwyk A P J, 46, S W A Administrasie Windhoek, Mynkommissaris, i 968,

PietersburgVan Schalkwyk D J,34, Laerskool Grunau, Skoolhoof, l971, OtaviVan Schalkwyk F A, 30, Natal Apteek Durban, Apteker, 1 967, GtencoeVan schalkwyk F G, 36, shippardstraat 40 Meyerton/Hoerskoor, Vise-Hoof, 1972,

Heidelberg, TvlVan Schalkwyk G D, 33, Hoerskool Tulbach, Onderwyser, 1 g76, paarlVan Schalkwyk G J, 31, Goederverwachting Fraserburg, Boer, 1974Van schalkwyk G s,46, Dept van Binnerandse sake pietoria, verkiesingsbeampte, 196gVan schatkuryk H c H,27, senior Meisies Hoster swakopmund, onder,irvi.i rblo,

WindhoekVan Schalkwyk H P, 45, Stadsraad van Tzaneen, Hoofrekenmeester, 1g7SVan Schalkwyk J J,35, pospersoneel George, Superintendenf (Alg) i977, WorcesterVan schalkwyk J o r, 39, Moultonlaan 44 waverley pretoria, onoerioot (Hodrskool), 1 970Van Schalkwyk J P, 46, M6rester Trompsburg, Boer, I 967Van Schalkwyk O J, 41, Holsdam Barkly-Wes, Boer, 1970, KimberteyVan schalkwyk P,32, ri/v waaiboom 6i Libertasstraat Freewaypark'Boksburg,

Onderwyser, I 974Van schalkwyk P,29, Gere, pasrorie Reddersburg, predikant, 1977, potchefstroomVan schalkwyk P G, 46, Bantoe-Admrnistrasreraa"d Nerspruit, Hoofo,rexteui igTa

CarletonvilleVan schalkwyk P J, 48, Leerringvrieeinierskoor Dunnottar, Hoof, 1969, LyttertonVan Schalkwyk P L, 29, Hodrskbol Thornton, Onderwysersretl.unOige, t'gZg

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Van Schalkwyk T J, 31, S A Weermag Heidetberg Tvl, Maloor, i977, pretoriaVan Schalkwyk W, 35, Du Toitstraat 43 GeorginiRoodepoort, OnOerwyser,igZZ

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P'ir'.::J Ync 35 sewend"r"rn ioI r',r"rrullf ionannuso*s, d; [:;i (Hoerskoor

tTr?titff,y J' 36, pier uvsstraal 101 Muckreneuk preroria, Depr-Hoor onderwvskorege,Van Staden M J,4g. S A polisieFiviersonderend,

Sersant, t965, GansbaaiVan Sladen p R, 35, patmietvtei pX V"ir,""rOJrili Eo"r, 1969, OudtshoornVan Staden S J, 32. Hentysrraar o vrnJuintirpuii, 5no"rrryrur, 1gtz, pretoriaVan Straaten J A C, 41 liassaustraat Ugi".'5;'k"r"rn, t968, MaCtearVan Straaten N J. 40, Esbikya Vatatrele"Aoei, t-90;Van Straten p F,29, Kendat Mactea, e-;"r, igZi""Van Tiddens A H, 37, Jordaanspoort pof;;de;';oer,

1 968Van Tiddens H, 40, Midderanode Hoer-iano-ei.iJJi c,.aoo"r., skoorhoof, i924, ceorgeVan Tonder A, Ondersekretaris van dte A BVan Tonder A' 24' Grahamweg 1 5 Marvern-oos Johannesburg, organiseerder, A s B, 1 97 1Van Tonder A F, 32, Gorfraan r ez crunui"*-w"rEeioria, Vennoot (Meintjies vermooten &Vennote), 1 976, KterksdorpVan Tonder A J, 38, Universiteit van steilenbosch, Assistent Registrateur, 1g74Van Tonder A J J (Lid Nr 1-0247), Sor.r."rrti*ri o+ Kensington Johannesburg, predrkantVan Tonder A J J, 34, N G pastorje N;.;.;;, piJo,xunr 1962. EmpanqeniVan Tonder D AF,27. Weltevrede_Wes d;;"jr;o;; Boer, rg65Van Tonder D J, 29. Hoerskoor irltti. v"v"i"i-nriSzimbi, onderwyser 1965 NvrslroomVan Tonder D R s8. pK Beauly tvogori

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Van Tonder F J, 46, Santam ?arnaru6n'Verr""n,,iJJioig"r,. 1975, prjeskaVan Tonder G, 37, Harmonie Dew;ts;;rp-B;;; ';66;Van Tonder G, 34. Middelpraas Sannasp[r"16io"rilnt"in), Boer, t 973Van Tonder G, 38, Kromdraai nx Sannispolle";i, jgozVan Tonder G F,3i, De La.Reysrraat OO k".t.r iiirderwyser, 1974, BarbertonVan Tonder G J, 30, Maonoriasiraat-r c o.ip.il alnini, onoerwyser, r973, BrakpanVan Tonder H p, 34, Deinetaan re efo"nfSni.in]iu"roroog, 1967, pretoriaVan Tonder J,30, p/A Stadsraad E^6f" Xf"ri ra'niie Raad, 1964, WelkomVan Tonder J A, 30, Jan van nieoeecr-weg'5;;t.l;;,., Onderwyser, 1973, preloriaVan Tonder J A, 31. pilansbergstraat

O frfo-orOner*Jifrrg"rrOorp, Adjunk_Hoof(Laerskool), I 976. WestonariaVan TonderJ A (Lid Nr 5429)

Qlahgmweg 15 Majvern oos Germiston, L vVan Tonder J C, 31, Laerskool piet netieibno;;;;, 1966, preroriavan Tonder J H, 46, proktamasreher;;ip,;i";;'li;;-Aannemer,

1965, pretoriaVan Tonder J J (Lid Nr 3ii.B) pretoiiusstralt gio"eliroiu pretora, stadsrnqeneuru.,I"|"":Xil j.r, 42, p / A rrrioo" ovs a ; H wli#, a..r streekd, rekteu,, i et a-,

Van Tonder L G, Lid van die U R se Landbou_Komitee in i973Van Tonder p C, 40, Rotsvlei v.r,*o"rr".le;, ish; ChipingaVan Tonder p J H,42, Blinkwater potgi"t"'r*r., B#, rgOz, Vr"O"Van Vetden D. 33. Evkom ximoerrey Erer<ir.;;fi.:;;;",uur, t9z5 ColesberqVan Verden p G 35, J D crawford L s"rn ii"irroiiw"r prokureur. 1972 Srerenboschu.,I,#[,H.*nw,41, Raad vir eritrrr.o"tii.geiiei pretoria n"r...r""Jt",.,l,SzS

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Van Vrede J J H,41, Die Noord-Transvarer pietersburg, Redakteur, 1975, pretoriaVan Vuren H J, 39, Uitzicht 586 pretorra/Hoofstad, Verslaggewer, 1973Van Vuren J N,37. S A Polisie Villiers, Sersant, 1967, FrankfortVan Vuuren B G J J,4r, saambou-Nasionaar Alberton, Bestuurder, 1g24, Kempton parkVan Vuuren C J, 29, Gerel Pastorie Marnitz, predikant, 1g66, postmasburgVan Vuuren C J J, 31, Laerskoolkoshuis Morgenzon. Onderwyser. lglT,iloridaVan Vuuren C M, Open 1969 Bondsraad met Skriflesing & GebedVan Vuuren D, 32, Caledonstraat 17 Marlands Germiston, Dosent (Goudstad

Onderwyskollege), I 973, pretoriaVan Vuuren D M J,40, P/A Kinross Mines Ltd (Evander). Klerk, 1967, BrakpanVan Vuuren D P D J, 31, Ultkoms Rretbron, Boer, 1g66Van Vuuren F J J 43 Hospitaalstraat 304 Nababeep, Mediese praktisyn, i971, lndweVan Vuuren G C J.37, P/A Krygkor pretoria, Rekenmeester, 1973, AtbertonVan Vuuren H G, 29, S A Potisie Cradock, Adjunk-Oflisier, 1963, KirkwoodVan Vuuren H P,35, P/A Fedmis Landboukundige AId paarl, Landboukundige, 1975,

GeorgeVan Vuuren H S J, 32, Hoerskool Goudveld Welkom, Onderwyser, .l

967, WestonariaVan Vuuren I L J,42, Wallisstraat 4 potchefstroom, Dosent p O K, i967, Zeerustvan vuuren J, 39, Taaibos Manskoshuis Universiteit pretoria, Voorligtingsbeampte, 1g63,

HeidelbergVan^Vuuren J A J, 32, Pagel Beckerstraat g Flamwood, Apteker (KDM Apteker Klerksdorp),

1974. BloemfonteinVan Vuuren J F, 36, Vrystaat Kodp Reitz, Rekenmeester, .l 969Van Vuuren J G J, 35, Lyttelton lngenieurswerke. Bestuurdei, 1g73, pretoriaVan Vuuren J H, 37, Vaalkraal Dewetsdorp, Boer, l965, BloemfonteinVan Vuuren J J J v 8,47, Poskantoor Ladybrand. posmeester, .196g, KoppiesVan Vuuren J J M J (Lid Nr 7754), Heitbron, 1963Van Vuuren J L J,34, Volkskas Edenburg, Bestuurder,1966, BloemfonteinVan Vuuren J N,42, N G Kerk Lyttelton-Noord. predikant, j974, VanderbijlparkVan Vuuren J N J, 43, Shippardstraat i3 Meyerton, prokureur, 1965, ObeiholzerVan Vuuren J P,35, -Forestraat r5 New Redruth Alberton, Geneesheer, 1966, pretoriaVan Vuuren J P J, 41, Van Jaarsveldstraat 7 parkdene Boksburg, prokureur, I 97i,

MalmesburyVan Vuuren J S J, 35, Makoeispan Biesiesvlei, Onderwyser/Boer, 1976Van Vuuren L J, 38, Vredespruit PK Rietbron, Boer, 1968, Beaufort-WesVan Vuuren L M J, 42. Bosplaas PK Tuinplaas, Boet, 1974Van Vuuren L R J, 39, Hodr Tegniese skool wolmaransstad, onderwyser, l 966, Middelburg

TvlVan Vuuren M, Florida (Praat oor Kultuursake by 1 965 se Bondsraad)Van Vuuren M v, 36, Matlala sendinghospitaal pK Tsimanyane Mediese superintendent,

1 976. KroonstadVan Vuuren N A J, 38, Volkskas Bloemlontein, Rekenmeester, 1965, ColesbergVan Vuuren P A J,40, Voelfontein Pk Petrusville, Boer, 1965Van Vuuren P J,31, optima Kunsmis Bpk Durbanville, Landboukundige, 1970, BellvilleVan Vuuren P J J 31, Agricura Pretoria, Navorsingsbeampte, 1964, RustenburgVan Vuuren P L, 46, Volkskas Parys, Rekenmeester, 1 967, BloemfonteinVan Vuuren P L J, 44, Poskantoor Groblersdal, Superintendent, 1 g75, RustenburgVan Vuuren P T J,42, "Fairfax" Bergville, Boer, 1970, Heidelberg TvlVan Vuuren P Z J, Voormalige L V vir LanglaagteVan Vuuren R J J,43. N G Paslorie Sterkstroom, predikant (J p Seun), 1966, RietbronVan Vuuren R J J (Ds), (Lid Nr 4413), Trompsburg (voorgestet vir die U R in 1968 & Lid van

die U R se lndierkomitee in 1973)Van Vuuren Fl J J, 43, S A Weermag pretoria, Kommandant, lg67, LytteltonVan Vuuren R P J, 43, 26stelaan 905 Bietfontein pretoria, Luitenant-Kolonel (S A polisle),

1972, GermistonVan Vuuren R W J, 46, Jadelaan 31, Lyttelton Manor, Kolonel (S A Weermag), 1976, LenzVan Vuuren S I J, 49, N G Pastorie Duiwelskloof, predikant, 1970, potgieteisursVan Vuuren S M,33, N G Pastorie Suidrand Johannesburg, predikanl, 1965, DurbanVan Vuuren T J J J, 32, S A S & H Johannesburg, Kterk, i964, KosterVan Wijck S J,43, P/A Rembrandl paarl, Fabrieksbestuurder, 1965, Krugersdorp

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Van Wyk A A H, 47, p/A^Staatsdruki"ii,i"t""r, Srrarsdrukker, i968Van Wyk A C, (Lid Nr 3_t0B).pyltt*i"i. fii;""."i" u R se Kteurtrnggroep in t9z3 &

. . Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968, eOri.iiiirt"r, ,", , SVan wyk A E, 43, Wotwepooret pX XamiesXioo]r, Boer, lg70Van Wyk A J, 38, Junior Ho,ersko"r n"r".iri"di#rnoof, j967, BloemfonreinVan Wyk A J, 29, Wetrevrede v.nt.r.Lrig,"E"""l, jioaVan Wyk A J, 32. Afrika tnst(uur p;"t.r;:b;;;i *"ro..ru. i 965, BtoemtonteinVan Wyk A J, 31, Volkskas. Sutfrerlanj, iei".r"".,", 1967, GeorgeVan wyk A J, 3g, Hoewe. Kameera"r riirirr, pr"'t"oii", tnguni"r. (w N N R) 1 976, ArdaysVan Wyk A J F.31 piA USKO v"r"*,gl"g nrsisilnt rngenieur, rsosVan wyk A J J 29. Tweederaan wes ciol8ianl"c""n"".n"", 1966, HertzoovireVan Wyk A L, 35, Hoerskoot r,.ansr,Ji u,i,iJi", oi;L,hoof , 1974, Herbertsd_aleVan Wyk A M, 28 Sr Annessinget 2Z p;n;iil;iiu,u,,

r.r C predikant, 1971, preroriaVan Wyk A p,29, Davies Theuirsr", a V".""f"3pr,ngr, prokureur, 1973t ,#rJl#;n33 Randse errirainse urtr"i.,trttnannesburg, Senior Lekror, 1973,

Van Wyk B, 45, Ellenvilla Skoolp_ad Brackenfell, Sakeman, 1914, parowVan Wyk B A, 35, Vleissentraat porgi.iuirrr., V;;unOrge Beampre, 1970, UpingronVan wyk B p. 34, s A pol,srek;rre;; p;r;,;;,"1il]lsersanr, rgzqVan Wyk B R, 46, Doornkraat px i,versoit St"ur]"ioorr.n, r gozVan Wyk C J, 36, Unrvers.iteir Sterrenoosli', ii"i".rlr, , goeVan wyk c J H, 46, Skootraad {iF.-.;,;,s,ii[",i] ,nog, RusrenburgVan Wyk C M (Dr;. Lid van die U n se f_anO[ori"o.,,"" rn lg73Van wyk c M, 43, perseer Hso varote;;r;il;, ibr4, Middelburg TvrVan Wyk D A, 38, Tiendeweg-Tsur"b, di;k"r., j'922, K"iro".Van Wyk D F H 35, SoutparipK pupt<iir "Aoui,'r

b"oqVan wyk D J,36, Barnardstraar_3e,"o;i;"i;;;;;i,"i oro,,.rr. (B A o) tez6, sasotbursVan Wyk D J,33. p U vir CHO p"i.n.iii,Ji,r,'{Jnil, rerto,. 1976, BLoemfonteinVan wyk D J C,2t, ru H !eag91e- snr.n. ;,;;:"lnt tgoa preloriaVan Wyk D J L. 28. Graspan pX priesia, 6o"r ;;;6Van wvk F c (Lid Nr a2dt;.Braororoiriiut"e"il"oio,"ari"* Besruurder (Vorkskas)Van wyk G 35 Rrqostraar 4 Jansenpirk d;;#g" irnodros rgz5, wormaranssladvan Wyk G C. 34, S A S & H xrmoeiev Se"nlolEErJ"prr,rn dige 1g74,prerona

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1 e64 Kam ieskroony?! yyl 9 y 43 Lanspan Aranosl B;",, j"e;d" "''van Wyk H A, 39, N G Sendingpastor e port tiJilolh. Sendeling, 1965. OrumanaVan Wyk H D, 33, Zooihuis Bre"seiri"i, e;r 1"dri, banniesnorVan Wyk H v d M,33, Von Eckenbrecherstraat WinO'noeX, Rekenmeester, i97lVan wvk J' 34' Van Heerd.enstraar i;;;"il;;;;'ilor, skoorhoor, 1e20, Forr Beaurorruil#n J,34, Landbou Tegniese Diensre preio,il'"r,roor pun.ii"nu"id)o-r,rr,iiurn*gVan Wyk J, 44, p/A Staatsdie.nskommissie pretoria, Ondersekretaris, l97ZVan Wyk J, 41, Munjsroarjreit N-oupoori,-w"ik""V"Jlr:"n, 1966Van wyk J A 30 perseet 143 CroorOrinl Soe;,'i;6;'van Wyk J A du p,35 S A polisiel;;;;il;.stJrsanr,

rg65, piransberoVan Wyk J C D, 38 Votkskas^Wotser*V e"rrrrriullgOs t'f rf ."rOI.;"-,,Van Wyk J D, 33, Westaan eoz preiiolnrsr;:;"f";;,, 1973, preroriaVan Wyk i q 29 Universireit Sterrenoosin

'r.na. uircVan Wyk J D,37, N G pastorieVolt<srusisu-iJ pr"Oir,r", 1965, Durbanvan Wyk J F, 26, N G pastorie craoocr,, pieo]lr"i"i'sizo StelenboschVan Wyk J H, 30, Onzerus granOtorf, Boer,;ffi ' "

Van Wyk J H. 29. Vvtdestraat 4 Lindcn Lonannlsburg Marknavorser (Sapp,), 1 973Van Wyk J J C 40. Klejn Con6 po.trrrOrrq A";; io6ZVan Wyk J J p 33 pU vrr CHo p"i.n"iJ,"Jr"i'"n,oi 1"n,o, ,nuuVan Wyk J K, 43, Kamreskroon, Sakeman, f

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4127

Van Wyk J M. 42, P/A Warmbad Versoolwerke. Direkteur. 1965, pretoriaVan Wyk J P R,40, P/A s A wolkommrssie port Elizabeth, sekretaris. 1965, pretorraVan Wyk J S, 29, Gordonstraat Kofflefontein, Landdros, t974. BethtehemVan Wyk J W F.28. Militere Basis Grahamstad. Kaptein, 1975, SatdanhaVan Wyk K P, 47. Nie-Blanke Sake Mun pretoria, Asst Bestuurder. 1966Van Wyk L A,32. PU vir CHO potchefstroom, Senior Lektor. 1975, pretoriaVan Wyk L A S,29, Geref Pastorie Naboomspruit, predikant, l965, RustenburgVan Wyk L J. 39, Hotjrskool Calvinia, Onderwyser, 1964Van Wyk L Sr 38 Rrverpark 4 Vereeniging. Onderwyser, 1974, Heidelberg TvlVan Wyk tU C.31, Hoerskool Parow. Onderwyser. ,l963. Ladismith KaapVan Wyk N/ J.32, Bergstraat 1 Harrismith. Geneesheer, 1969. WardenVan Wyk M J, 28, Hodrskool Erasmus Bronkhorstspruit. Onderwyser, 1 965, LeeudoringstadVan Wyk M J de 8,44, Munisipatiteit Bloemlontein. Klerk. 1966Van Wyk O J O, 39. Sanlam Witbank. Wyksbestuurder. 1964. LydenburgVan Wyk P A, Bondsrade Het op sy Plaas VergaderVan Wyk P A C, 37, P/A S A Spoorwee Ermelo, Klerk, t968, De AarVan Wyk P G,44, P/A Libanon Goudmyn, Elektrisien. 1973, KrugersdorpVan Wyk P J R,36. P/A Volkskas Kirkwood, Bestuurder, i965, BloemfonteinVan Wyk P P,46, Remhoogte Protem (Bredasdorp), Boer. 1967, Ladismith KaapVan Wyk R C J,25, Von Brandisstraat BA Piet Retief, Apteker, 1976. PotchelstroomVan Wyk R R.39, N G Pastorie Nuwedorp, Predikant, 1964, WitfietdVan Wyk S, 30, Koedoe Koshuis Thabazimbi, Onderwyser, l973, HeiCelberg TvlVan Wyk S J P, 46, Eerstestraat I Melville Johannesburg. Kaptein (Veiligheidspolisie), 1 971 ,

PotchefstroomVan Wyk S P, Pretoria (Praat oor Kleurlinge by 1971 se Bondsraad)Van Wyk S P, 38, Departement Landbou-Ekonomie & Bemarking Pretoria. Onderhoof,

1966, VereenigingVan Wyk T P.35, P/A Malan & Klopper Masadagebou Pta, Bourekenaat.1975Van Wyk W. Wolmaransstad (Lid van Nasionale Party Komitee 1966)Van Wyk W C,31, Unrversiteit Pretona, Senior Dosent, 1969, AlbertonVan Wyk W J P, 37. Volkskas De Aar, Bestuurder, 1965. PretoriaVan Wyk W L,38, Departement Mynwese Pietermaritzburg, Geotoog. 1963, VryheidVan Wyk W P, 37. P/A Sentramark Klerksdorp, Streekverkoopsbestuurder, 1 973. SasolburgVan Wyk W P J,34, P/A N G Kerk Florida, Predikant, 1977, BrakpanVan Wyk W P J,42, S A Polisie Hallweghuis Tvl, Majoor, 1971, JohannesburgVan Wyk W P V,35, Munisipaliteit Virginia, Asst-Stadstesourier, 1967, WelkomVan Wyk De Vries W, 29, S A Ambassade Trafalgar Plein Londen, Lid van Buro vir

Staatsveiligheid, 1974, Port ElizabethVanZ\l D J,35, Streakstraat 6 Nelspruit, Bode van die Hof, 1971, PretorraVanZill E, 35, S W A Administrasie Windhoek, Advokaat & L U K, 1967VanZ\l N R J,41, N G Pastorie Vryburg, Predikant, 1966, DelportshoopYan Zyl A H, 39, N G Pastorie Kameetdrif (Pretoria), Predikant, 1964Van Zyl A J, 37, Krygstuigproduksieraad Pretoria, Senior Administratiewe Beampte, l968Van Zyl A J, 37, Uniestaalkorporasie Vereeniging, lngenieur, 1969Yan Zyl A J, 27, Dorpsbestuur Klawer, Sekretaris, i 967, PretoriaVan Zyl B P, 38, Nova Hopetown, Boer/Scriba, 1973, Sand-Vet SkemaVanZyl C,41, Hodrskool Sentraal Beaufort-Wes, Onderhoof, 1966, ColesbergVanZyl C B,36, "Goabeb" Usakos, Boer,1968, GobabisYanZyl C G (Sakkie), 42,PlA U O V S Bloemfontein, Dosent, l975Yan Zyl C H, 28, S A Weermag Oshakati, f\4ajoor, 1976, SaldanhaYan Zyl C J J, 34, Hoerskool Alberton, Onderhoof, 1 964, PietersburgYanZyl C J J, Natalspruit (Praat oor Alrikaanse Volksfeeste wat algestomp het -Bondsraad 1 966VanZyl D C B, 30, Tiendestraat 28 Greymont Johannesburg, Sakeman, 1968, PretoriaVan Zyl D J, Nasionale Pers, 1973Yan Zyl D N, 31 , N G Kerk Bellville-Wes, Predikant, 1975, Beaufort-WesVan Zyl D P, 36, Coronation Vryheid, Skoolhoof, 1964, LadysmithVan Zyl D B, 36, Sandfontern Trompsburg, Boer, 1 967, ReddersburgVan Zyl E J, 34, Augsburg Clanwilliam, Onderwyser, 1976, George

A128

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t1lr'];i (preroria) Hy spreek kommer uit oor Round raure & Rorariers bv BondsraadVan Zyl F J (prof), Hervormde KerkVan Zyl F J, 34, Kenridgelaan 21 Durbanville, Sekretaris F V B, 19ZOVan Zyt F L, 41, S w abrurr<ery Bp,. ffi;il;;,,"K"1o",nr1., 1968, KaaostadVan Zyt F W. 43 Breroallf-erieer ioe) O.r.p.n]'Uoo, 1970 WarrenionVan Zyt G A E. 45 Ouben.heimVredendat Aoor, lgO: VanrhynsdoroVanZyt c A J 45. Vvfdesrraar ZS naOoor',Jpii,, rV C Sen6sling 1970. ValvrnraVan Zyt G J. 34 Vilrs ftegx Sunnysioe eiei;;.: b;;",*yser, t965, CeresVanZyt G J, Lid van die U n," Etono.i"."?ori,"" rn 1923van Zyr G p 44 Vorkskas A/iodelbuig ivi

"nur,."nr"u.,"r. 1976. SenekalVan Zyl L C. 47. padvervoerraad Oois LonOen-S"t r"trri, .l 964, pretoriata;

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Sa rer cer r i ersitraai i*"tri", "oTo"rwyser ( Hoers koot ), r e70.

Van Zyl H J (Dr). Voorma.ljge Sekretaris van Bantoe_OnderwysYan Zyt H J, 32 w G A Wiiiowmor", t;,i;.;;;;;iser, rs6z SreylervileVan Zyt H J, 31 Sekond.re Sr.oor i"rt,.on'"O;#ily..,. 1974, SenekalVan Zyt H J G. 42 Kapreinsdrif e"..i;rl; !""r,'i gztvanZyt H J p 33, s A eolsle Lorqn;;;;;s, i;ii";anr 1e63, warerberovan Zyt H L. 44. Veilioherdsp^olis "

p"r.o*, bEirrnt. r gzb ri.rpri;;., "', ,VanZyl H M,36, Hodisk,ool Sch*"i=,_n";"t"lO'nderwyser, 1965, Wolmaransstadvan zyt H N/ A 3e vono.errng van Rn-i;;;;;,;;,1 re74, vredendatvan zvr H ti/ A, 43. Karroovrikte px ii. ,ol i,oi"xiuur.r, Boer 1925V,an Zyt I D, 32, Dwarsfontern Derby, A""i-tgiz ''Van Zyt I D, 44, Vosstraaf

,.13 Trompsb*g aJrtr*Our, t973, Bloemfonteinvan zyt J A, 31. Etsstraar v"r*"uro"rLi "n,ffiii; ; poiisie, 1973, Bultfonreinvan Zyt J A.2s, u o v s aro"rioni",n" D"J"ii is6, senekalVan Zyt J A, 41, Laerskoot

.Swar.t.ugg"nio*;;e,nJJr rgoo r,,,r*icoV3n Zyt J C, 43, Wirhelm px noaoslje aoJ, Iioi"voouvan zyr J c' 41 ' p/A yskor.pretoriu iooia"-"riting.rtrut"gie, 1975, Roodepoorrvanzvr J c' 42' p/A Ho.r-skoor lJo, p"r"I. ijlro*, ono"r*yser, 1963, porr ErizaberhVanZyt J D, 37, p/A Kemponvitie Rpreel-BJrtvtlulipt"r,"r. 1965 paarlvanZyt J D A,38, Landdroskanroo,'A;;,.J;;;i i"noo,.o, I968, Britsvan Zyr J F 49 p /A sooorwegdrenst<ommissie piJioria assi srpl r'lza, lonunne.orrgvanZyr J G 34 Loursstraarp;kde;e-aor.sorig 5n0.,.*y.". 1966 LanqraaoteVan Zyl J H.38. Kockstraal t76 Ruslenbrrrg. eEnJ".,.,ru"r. 1964. Vosburg Ka;pVan Zyt J J M, 28, Bu[ehof Roberrson so"i ft]+]ipr,ngooLvan zvt J L 28 Hi'stra''.r "x.ilo7i;.;;;;,; ,i;p" Landboukundjs e lsrl preroravan Zyr J N/ 39 Sesdelaan Lrchrenburg Stodrsre-tilnorge. 1976. BetharVan Zyt J N C, 29, Hoerskoot. Usakos, d.o"i*1,*r,"is70, okahandjavan ZytJ S 28, S A S & H eloemronieln i,"r,i,gOivan Zyr J w 43 Deoarrement v Justrsie cn.ist anJ]ianddros, r964 potoietersrusvan Zyt L G. 48. Landbou Tegniese D;;; ;;;#,'Nruors,ngsbeampre r96z preroriauilrtlJ,loS;n" Gouws a o o"' *s saa J^;;;",;;;; Nr,s, r

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V,an Zyl M C, 4l, Unisa pretoria, professor, 1 977, Saldanhav3n Zyt M F 38 S A U K eroemrontein-ii;";.,.;#

v3n zyt M l 4r. s n ioii'u p,.toria-xaiteln"'id;Z'["":.nlnus JohannesbursVanZyt N/ M 8,31, Mulderstraat nesiOeriiL .aniir* ,grZ LrchtenburoVan Zyt l'/ S, 27, N G Send,rngke.n i<.r1" p."o',i.i".i ,goe LouterwarerVan Zyl N H, 34, Southern Lifi K rourr.ilV"r,."nl,ioro,gu, 1977, Bellvilevan Zyt N J, 42, S A potisie potcneistroim, il;;#,: 1e63, WetkomvanZyto Aw 31 Swanenoerraanzaiorr"priln"niburg

s,vrererngenieur. r975,pretoriavan zyt p A 32. sanram kaapsta-d wyksoliruuro-.ei, i96z sasotot,rgvan Zyt p E, 35, N G Kerk r_e"^, or.(a, i;""dr*;; i967, KuitsrivierVan Zyt p H S, 36, Hoerskoot Carteronvrite 6rl"l*yJ",Zeoer, 1965, FtoridaV.an Zyt P J 30 Hoerskoot Keimoes OnO"r,iuJ"r"ir#eVan Zyt p J, 34 DeDt oovoeor<undl-pJ "ir

cjOi"i"'no"trtroo_ t-.kror. 1973. Atice KaapVanZyt P J C, Lid van dre U_R s" er,onoriurJi#i;" in 1973Van Zyt S F, 40, pK Garies, eoerZS;L;r;;n, ;;6; ,.

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A129

VanZyl S J 37, Laerskool Pongola, Skoolhoof, 1970, BtyvooruitzichtVan Zyl W A 37, S A Polisie Oudtshoorn, Luitenant, 1963. GoodwoodVan Zyl W A, 29. Witdam PK Dealesvitle, Boer, 1920Van Zyl W F J, 38, Yskor Pretoria, Rekenptigtige Assistent, 1967, Somerset-OosYan zyl w G M, 45, sesdelaan 14 Melviile Johannesburg, streekslanddros l975. calviniaVan Zyl W J, 30, Hoerskool Mariental, Onderwyser, 1974. Warmbad S W AVan Zyl W J v d M, 44, Paardekop Citrusdat, Boer, 1969Van Zyl Z, 29, Pretoriusstraat 29, Sasolburg, Onderwyser. 1 966, pofadderVaughan D J, 39, Windplaas Distrik Rouxville, Boer/lngenieur, 1965, KaapstadVeenstra J, 38, Landbou Tegnrese Dienste pretoria, Assistent Hoofingenieur, 1973Velthuysen G. 34, N H Kerk Duncanvilte, Predikant j 976. EloffsdalVeltman N J, 33, Piercestraat 98 Heilbron, Apteker 1973, LydenburgVenter A A,27, Erasmus Jooste & Kie Klerksdorp, prokureur, 1964Venter A du P.34, Smaldeel Burgersdorp Boer/Klerk,'l 973Venter A H,39, A R Fleischach & Kie potchefslroom, prokureur. 1g65. pretoriaVenter A J.25, Postmasburgse Koop Doornput, Takbestuurder. 1963. postmasburgVenter A J,49, Agstestraat 96 Walvisbaai, Vrse Hoof (Hoerskool), 1970. GermistonVenter A J 42, Departement Hoer onderwys Pretcria, senior Vakkundige Beampte, 1g68Venter A L, 37, Elfdelaan 4 Thabazrmbi/Poskantoor. Hooftegnikus. 1971, MafekingVenter C, 41 .P/A O T K Bethal, Sekretaris. 1967Venter C. 36, Apexgebou 1 1 Sprinqs, Prokureur, 1 965Venter C F, 39, Gerhardstraat Lyttelton, Geneesheer, 1 967Venter C J, 47, Volkskas Mayville Pretoria, Bestuurder. 1 975, JohannesburgVenter C J H. 27. Geref Kerk Tzaneen, predikant, 1 967, OdendaalsrusVenter C P,40, Brink Foos & Du Toit Johannesburg, Ouditeur, 1969, BellvilleVenter C P,42 Jooste Reyneke & Venter Johannesburg Narkotiseur, 1970, KestellVenter c P,42. Jooste Reynecke & venter Johannesburg Greenhillweg 10 Emmarentia

Johannesburg, Narkotiseur,'1970 KestellVenter de la R 30, Ventersfontein Hutchinson. Boer 1976venter D J (Lid Nr 6281.), churchillaan 16 Primrose, [-uitenant sA polisie (vrygestelde Lid)Venter D J, 34, Madeleyweg 50 Strubenvale Springs Vise,Hoof. 1975, KrmberteyVenter D J, 39, Pastoriestraat Springbok, N G Predikant, 1970, piketbergVenter D M J,34, Tweepanne PK Glaudina. Boer,1g67, potchefstroomVenter E A,31, Deqarweg 9a Gevangenisterrein Pta, Majoor (Gevangenis), 1970,

KroonstadVenter E A,31 P/A iloerskoo Wilgerrivier Frankfort, Onderwyser, 1923, paul RouxVenter F P, 34. Elandsdril PK Marble Hatl Boer, t968, pretoriaVenter G H,41, P/A G H Venter & Kie Kimberley Rekenrreester, 1967 JohannesburgVenter G J C, 30, N G Pastorie Kerkernberg, Predikant, 1966, LusakaVenter G S, 39, Laerskool Stulting Humansdorp, Skoolhoof, 1970, BurgersdorpVenter H, P U vir CHO Potchefstroom, Professor (Afrrkaans-Nederlands) 1963Venter H, 41 .PlA N G Kerk Keetmanshoop, Predtkant. 1968, Ashton K pVenter H H,35. Herby Taylorstraat 10 Unitaspark, Onderwyser, 1g75, CarletonvilleVenter H J (Lid Nr 6245), Bankbestuurder Vryburg - Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968Venter H J,31, Kralingen Ermelo, Boer. 1965, ThabazimbiVenter I J, 35, Medfontein 413 Bloemfontein. Velspesiatis, 1962. pretoriaVenter lzak J (Dr), Dermatoloog van Bloemfontein omsendbnef 1 .9.77 word broers dokters

n, Landdros, 1 974, JohannesburgVenter J A, 37, Pomona Landgoed PK Bredett. Onderwyser, 1966 Kernpton parkVenter J A, 44, Nywerheidsaksepbank Johannesburg, Besturende Direkteur, 1 967, paarlVenter J 8,40, P/A Saambou-Nasionaal Kroonstad, Takbestuurder 1974. KimberleyVenter J C, 34, Harmonie Burgersdorp, Geneesheer, 1 964, ReddersburgVeneter J D,28, Geref Kerk Venterstad, Predikant, 1975, potchefstroomventer J D,36, Nas Buro vir opvoedkundige Navorsing Asst Direkteur, 1964. witbankVenter J D,33, Perseel E26 Marble Hall, Boer, 1970, GroblersdalVenter J G,37, N G Kerk Onze Rust, Predikant, 1967, tndweVenter J H,33. Ludorfstraat 64 Brits, Kernfisikus/Baad op Atoom, 1977Venter J H, 24, N G Kerkkoshuis Tweeling. Onderwyser, 1964, philippotisVenter J H, 31, S A Weermag Tempe, N G Veldprediker, 1966, DewetsdorpVenter J l, 40, Gravelotte Skool, Onderhoof. 1964 Benonr

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Venter J J, 36, Miltstraat Adelaide, Tegnikus/Ltd, 1977, Stutterheimu"J:;l, J, 38 S A L Angeliersrraat so r,ror,i,.,"lj, aenoni Boordingenieur l 9/2, KempronVenter J J, Lid van die U R se Ekonomiese Komitee .1

973venter J J, 43, s A porisie preroria, Hrru1ooi j'91B''"'Venter J J, 32, yatessingel 3 KimberleliTSr^f url Verreenwoordiger, j 97OVenter J J L, 39, p/A venter & seuns ija,ys oiiet<ieur aosnotVenter J S M, 30. S A potisie xori"r aor_6rri#r.lrgoq eoon,Venter L, 30, Bantoe_Hervestigingsraad ionr.n"sOirg Superintendent, 1 967,PotchefstroomVenter L.J, 32, Agrikura Satisbury, Sekretaris, 1969, pretoriaventer M, 47, 2gsteLaan B9g Riettontein Fr"ioi,llio,nistratiewe Beampte, 1968Venter N,4,31, Rynfieldse Laerskool Aunoni, O;Olr*yser, 1968, Kensingtonventer M, 35, H /v Hirroo & Mainstraat a"rl"r* nr.irburg predikani t d6"3,'eosrmasourgVenter M H. 32 Tvr Erendornsagen,.trp io,i-n"!ourg. Onderbestuurder tgZ5,HoneydewVenter M J S, 27, De Beerstraat Jagersfontein, onderwyser, .1 967, potchefstroomVenter p 33. Kareepoort philrppolisiBoei

r giA" "venter p, 27. Munrsipalrteit Johannesburg, senior vertaler, 1969, Bloemfonteint"i:::ff;,,."t;lvangemansrraat 297 Or5enr<roor pr-etoria, Gi."k"t";; r96;,Venter P J' 48' Kremetart Giyani/Dept Justisie Gazankuru, Sekretaris, 1g77, ZeerusrVenter p J, 32, Radio ar119! Lgn3",i"il; o,s;;teerder, 1e66, LtchtenburgVenter P J, 36, Stadsraad.Vanderbrjtpark S;, Vil;;rsrnspekteur, 1974Venter p J, 32, oom Jacobstraat si"v"iii"'iiprrr. isst Kosterekenmeester se Kanroor.. (SenrWes Koop). 1g/1. potchefstroom "--- "venter P M,39, Hodr Teqniese Skool Middelburg Tvl, Onderwyser, j964Venter P p. 34, Mrttetstrait t3 SwakopmunO On"O",*yr"r, 1925, KeetmanshoopVenter p fl. 25. Krugerskraat Hofmeyi. eoli i9O9

'Venter P T, 37, pietersburgslraa] 57 Ladanna eietlrsourg N G predikant,

1 976, OhrigstadVenter P W, Kterksdorp (S"lurt 1965 A""Jrr.rA ,i ;"r Skriflesinq & Gebed)Venter R V, 35, Geret xerk Elandspo.r-pr"ii,rrt, isog, Ni#i " s vuuuu/

Venter S J, 28, Sterktooo Ouffstr2oir, Aoer"ttil VenrersdorpVenter S J J, 33, Jakkatsfontein pK Ouni"f rr,rii loJr t 96aventer s J p K, 43, Roosraan-6 Huttenhoogte N"-r,icastte, werkekontroreur yskor, 1g76,VenterTJJ,35, SAS& H etoertonte,i"s"onu"r'i,l,i tnspekteur, 1920, pretoriaVenter W,29, Geref pastorre swrrtrugi;ns p;ffi;; 1973, Germisronventer w A J, 36, voortrekkerwink"t;-{;; B"rh;t,-n-roetingsrroot, toooVenter W H, 47, Lorrainestraat 43 gu,r*ri"i On;"r*y.u, t 977, Bodenbeckvercueir G F,28, Louishor s cres.eniureg wvr.-o"rs'Krrp, onderwyser/ student, 1975,MalmesburyVercuiel H J F,32, pK Dendron, Boer, 1965, pietersburgVerhoef L H, 3,l, Foskor pK phalaborwa, O"ofoog, 160S, Sasolburgu.i3?y L H w, 38, Kentwes zsan,reveisp-a-r;;,;;i";;, Hoof Hidroroos (Dept warerwes),Verhoef P A, sterenbosch (srrit 1g6g en Bondsraad af mel Skrifresing & Gebed)Verhoef W. 35, Maatskantrke Navorsi.lgOri" pi"i.i, Or.,r,"n, Drrekteur 1965,LanglaagteVermaak C S, 27, Merino pK [,4elmoth, Boer, 1975, pretoriaVermaak D (prof), U O V S.Bloemfonru nleunt"o"iOnderwys)Vermaak D, 34, Hoerskoot Carrtzooip'sn""r[""i"r50i, De AarVermaak H D S, 37, Volkskas Louis Trichardt, elsil,Oe,, 1963, pretoriaVermaak J C, 40, Swarilaagte Edenville, So"iZ[und;"ter, 1968, Zastronvermaak J N, Berefiedraarizr+ vonoe"r-rHg/J"ori"ni Bantoe skoor 38, Hoof, 19/1KrugersdorpVermaak M J, 44, Gesondhe,idskomitee Roadtan, Boer/Sekretaris, 1gZ5Vermaak N J, 40, pK Kareedouw, onoeffieil tsZi]n"o"ringt uy,vermaak S J' 36, Munisipariteit warvis;;ri'riri t""."i."), Adj-Direkteur. 1973. windhoek

A13.1

Vermaak W A, 33, Raubenheimerstraat '1 45 Heilbron, Versekeringsmakelaar, 1977,Oudtshoorn

Vermaas L C F,43, O T K Bethal, Ouditeur, 1969, Charl CilliersVermuelen A, 26, PK Diskobolos Kimberley, Onderwyser, 1963Vermeulen A A M, 26, Dagbreekkoshuis Kokstad, Onderwyser, 1967 VanwyksvleiVermeulen C J, 23, Swart Koppie Philipstown, Boer, 1975Vermeulen G du P. 40, Deelfontein Luckhotf, Boer, 1971

Vermuelen I J, 49, Swartkoppies Philipstown, Boer, l967Vermeulen J U, 48, Vrede Philipstown, Boer, 1964Vermeulen N/ V A Lid Nr 7672, Durban, Predikant, 1962Vermeulen S D, 36, Nlartinspan Hopetown, Boer, 1964Vermeulen W C. 36, P/A I B M Kaapstad, Verkoopsbestuurder, 1973. RandburgVermooten J J. Ere-Ouditeur van A B

Verreynne G J, 39, Federale Mynbou Kuruman. Geoloog, 1 969, DunnottarVerryne A A, 34, Sanlam Gebou Kimberley, Argitek, 1968, Mayf air-WesVersteeg, C, 34, Versteeg Potplantkwekery Wilgespruit, Besturende Direkteur, 1 975, FloridaVerster A A,30, P/A Hoerskool Grabouw, Onderwyser, 1976, CeresVerster, A A, S A Polisie Alexanderbaai, Luitenant. 1967, CaliniaVerster E, 37. P I A Dept Landboutegn Dienste, Asst Direkteur, 1977, Jan KempdorpVerster J D, 45, Syferfontein Ventersdorp, Boer, 1970. PotchefstroomVerster J P, 26, S A Ambassade Traf algar Plein London, Burtelandse Diensbeampte, '1 977,

PotchefstroomVerster J P, 47, Lugverdedigingshoolkwartier Lyttelton, Brigadier. 1967, London EngelandVerster T L. 34, Unisa Pretoria. Dosent. 1970, Louis TrichardtVerster W C, 37, Laerskool Vredenburq, Skoolhoof, 1975, Port ElizabethVerwey G L, 36, Hodr Handelskool Parow, Onderhoof, 1 969 KrugersdorpVerwey J H, 48, Dept Sport & Ontspanning Pretoria, Ondersekretaris, 1975, GeorgeVerwey J P, 33, S A Polisie Murraysburg, Sersant, 1964, WillowmoreVerwey J S, 40, S A Polisie Stellenbosch, Kaptein, 1968, Wynberg KaapVerwey T J P.32, Hodveldse Bantoe-Admin Raad Witbank. Direkteur Fin. 1974, VirginiaVerwoerd C A,29, Eugene N/araisstraat 33 Sasolburg, Mediese Praktisyn, 1972,nelrertaVictor G D (Jnr), Alma Christiana, Boer, 1973Victor J A,27, N G Pastorie Port Nolloth, Predikant, 1969, Middelburg K P

Viktor Z H, 44, P /A Uniewinkels Bellville, Bestuurder, l964, LainsburgVilloen A, 42, Depl Landbou Tegn Dienste Stellenbosch, Vakkundige, 1967, PiketbergViljoen A 36, P/A Staatsdienskommissie Pretoria, Ondersekretaris, 1975, PretoriaViljoen A A,42, Massey-Fergusan/Bingweg 136 Drie Riviere Finans-Ontleder, 1970,

BellvilleViljoen A C,46. N G Kerk Hartebeesspruit, Predikant, 1968, PotchefstroomViljoen A D,55, Paul Roux Straat 70 Boemfontein, Sakeman/Burgemeester, 1965,

WorcesterViljoen A J, 27. P U vir CHO, Lektor, 1966, PostmasburgVilloen A J, 32, P /A Nakanas Porl Nolloth, Boer, 1966Viljoen A J, 31, Combrinckstraat Worcester, Juwelier, 1968Viljoen A P,28, N G Pastorie Aliwal-Noord, Predikant, 1971, SlellenboschViljoen B G, 30 Oosstraat 92 Vryheid, Onderwyser, 1968, PinetownViljoen C E M,35, Vyfdelaan 14 Heidelberg Tvl, Medikus, l967, PretoriaViljoen C J,37, N H Pastorie Pretoria-Tuine, Predikant, 1970, Virginia/RandportViljoen D A, 33, Munisipaliteit De Aar. Klerk, 1966Villoen D C,43, S A Droevrugteraad Dwarsstr Uitsig, Bestuurder, 1970, PretoriaViljoen D J, Stofbergstraat 4 Universitas Bloemfontein (Skakel by U O V S 4276)Villoen D J, 32, Raad v Ontwikke ing v Natuurlike Hulpbronne Pretoria, Assistenl Direkteur

1966, WinburgViljoen D J, 31, Sanlam Sinoia (Salisbury), Verteenwoordiger, 1974, LichtenburgVilloen D R, 42, Winterhoek-Wes Tulbach, Boer, 1966Viljoen E J, 39, Kliptontein Colesberg, Boer, 1977Viljoen F, (Lid Nr 365) Johannesburg, Oud-SkoolhootViljoen F H, 39, Griffithstraat 16 Aliwal-Noord, Skoolhool. 1976, PostmasburgViljoen F J,46, S A Weermag Lenz, Offisier, 1975, PretoriaViljoen F J, 32, Ferreirastraat 100 Nelsprurt. Geneesheer, 1965, Preloria

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Viljoen H A J, 31, P/A N G Gemeenle Crosby-Wes, predikant, 1974,pretoriaViljoen H C,34, Hoflaan 6 Stellenbosch, professor, 1971, StellenboschViljoen 1M,45, S A S Bloemfontein, lnsp Banloe-Arbeid, 1964, KroonstadViljoen J, 34, Witgehot Bethlehem, Boer, 1970Viljoen J B, 35, Volkskas Koppies, Rekenmeester, 1966, WinburgViljoen J c,37, Sierraweg B sercourt/premier Beskuitiies Bestuiende Direkteur, r976,

FloridaViljoen J C T, 36, Middelptaas Caledon, Boer. 1965Viljoen J E, 41 , P lA Yskor-pretoria, Seksievoorman, 1967, RuslenburgViljoen J F,36, N G Kerk Graaff-Reinet, predikant, 1967, Somerset WLsViljoen J H, 37, Langstraat 22 Mariental, Geref predikant, i 972, MessinaViUoen J H, 37, Laerskool Graveloote, Onderhoof, 1 969, Zeerustviljoen J H,33, sergeantstraat 21 universitas, Bloemlontein, sen Lektor u o v s, r927,

PotchefstroomViljoen J H, 32,4de Straat. 17 Middelburg Tvl, Onderwyser, 1968, NetspruitViljoen J H,41, Etdorado pK tndwe, Boei, tgZqViljoen J H, 28, Langtordhiil Richmond Kaap, Boer, 1970Viljoen J J, 33, Middelplaas Catedon, Boer. l967vilioen J M B, 34, Pastoriestraat Burtfontein, Geneesheer, 1965, wessersbronviljoen J N, 40, oakstraat 72 Northmead Benoni, Admin Beamapte (onturng"i u rnkomste),

1971, CarolinaVilioen J P, 36, P P Rus-Motors potgietersrus, Bestuurder, 1973, KoedoesrandVilloen J T 8,43, P/A Borckenhagen & Louw pretoria, Bourekenaar, tgo+-w,toanxViljoen J W,30, Berlynstraat 1B Heidelberg Tvl, Tandarts, 1964Viljoen Marais (Lid Nr 3226), Voormalige Minister van Arbeid - president of the senateVilloen M D, 29, Diamantdoorns Schweizer-Reneke, Boer, 1964Viljoen M J,40, S A Weermag potchefstroom, Oftisier, 1973, WindhoekViljoen P, 35, Die Ster Tutbach, Boer. 1969Viljoen P C, 36, Aanhou-Wen Lichtenburg, Onderwyser, 1966, Schweizer_RenekeViljoen P E,34, Jim Fouch6laan 66 Universitas Bloemlontein, Lektor U o v s. r9/1,

Jagerslonteininsiale Hospitaal Bethlehem, superintendent, 1 969, Ntsiridinisendrng_stasie

Visagie lG,4l, Volkskas petrusburg, Bestuurder, 1974, BloemfonteinVisagie J A, 48, 23ste Laan 460 Villieria pretoria, Onderwyser, t968, CatviniaVisagie J A N, 25, B S B Wiiliston, Veldbeampte, i966, CalviniaVisagie J D, 45, Vredestraat 27 Wolmaransstad, Onderhoof, 1969, ColignyVisagie J H, 36, s A porisie Esserenpark pretoria, Adj-offrsier, r 964, Br6emronteinVisagie J H L, 37, Sterkfontein pK Middelpos, Boer, i969Visagie M

^L 1? Tygerbergse Hoer Handelskool parow, Skoolhoof , 1964, WorcesrerVisagie R G, 38, Herdelbergse Onderwyskollege, Dosent, 1965, BethalVisagie s J J, 35, Readweg 20 Ladysmith p/A-Dept Bantoe onderwys, onderhoof, i 925,

Louis TrichardtVisagie S WJ,37, Pinestraat 6 Drie Riviere Vereeniging, Landdros, l971, pofadderVisagie W S, 38, De Puts M jddetpos, Boer, 1973Visser, 29, Elandsfontein Clanwilliam, Boer, 1965Visser A C, 38, Nelstraat iB Wellington/Droevrugte-Kodp, Voedseltegnoloog, 1976,

PretoriaVisser A C, 37, Posbus 409 Oranjemund, Onderwyser, 1 977, OudtshoornVisser A J, 29, Clancliff Krugersdorp, Geneesheer, j 973, pretoriaVisser A J (Dr), Voormaljge SenatorVisser A L, 44, Nellie Swartskool pretoria, Onderwyser, 1975, SteynsburgVisser B J, 33, Sanlam Kimberley, Wyksbestuurdei, 1967, Hopetown "Visser C E, 38, Vissershoek pK Richmond Kaap, Boer, lg67Visser c F,45, sP Mid skoor Baysviile oos Londen, skoorhoof, 1968, port ErizabethVisser C H J, 40, Ho6r Seunskool Hugenote Springs, Onderwyser, I 969, NtlstroomVisser C J, 30, P/A S A polisle Klerksdorp, Sersan-t. 1974, Schweizer-Reneie

A t33

Visser C J, 42, Dept Pos- & Telegraafwese Pretoria. Adm Beheerbeampte, 'l 967Visser C J, 28, Munisipaliteit Standerton, Rekenmeesler, 1967, BoshofVisser D C, 34, Klopperbos Nuy, Boer, 1977, WorcesterVisser D J. 30, Hexrivier Citrusdal, Boer, 1967Visser D 1, 41, P I A Randbank BPK Johannesburg, Hoofrekenmeester, 1 974Visser F A ts,, 44, Dept Gevangeniswese Pretoria, Kolonel, 1966, KaapstadVisser F J. 35, Swartklip Distrik Rustenburg, Onderwyser, l969, VryheidVisser F J C, 33, Handelhuis Smithlield, Onderbestuurder. 1966, HumansdorpVisser G H J,35, P/A Groep ll Skool Ogies. Onderwyser, 1965, WakkerstroomVisser G J, 40, P /A Porterville se Landbou Koop, Takbesluurder, 1965, KlawerVisser G J F Lid Nr 3571, Johannesburg Noord Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968, SakemanVisser G J J. Lid van die U R se Ekonomiese Komitee in 1973Visser G N, 32, Kom-Nader Cathcartstraat George, Onderwyser, 1975, PrieskaVisser G P. 27, P / A Dept Landbou Tegn Dienste, Voorligtingsbeampte, I978. FauresmithVisser G R,44, Hoerskool Emily Hobhouse Wepener, Skoolhoof. 1975, DealesvilleVisser H J,35. P/A Hoerskool Greytown, Onderwyser, l965, VentersdorpVisser H J,29, Visserhoek Richmond K P, Boer, 1968. Richmond K PVisser H J, 34, Hans Strijdomlaan 289 Verwoerdburg. Senior Onderwyser, 1971.

VentersdorpVisser H J G,46, P/A Hodrskool Die Burger, Onderwyser, 1973. WindhoekVisser H L, 46, Volkskas Ladysmith, Rekenmeester, 1976, BelfastVisser I J, 35, Korenfontein PK Swartruggens, Onderwyser, 1965Visser J,47, Eksteenskuil - Nedersetting Keimoes, Superintendent, 1974Visser, J, 32, lMareestraat 12 Odendaalsrus, Prokureur, 1975, WelkomVisser J, 35, Gerel Kerk Germiston, Predikant, 1966, PotchefstroomVisser J C.43, S A Polisie Hoolkantoor Pretoria, Werwingsoffisier, 1967, PiketbergVisser J G, 38, Boskor PK Kleinbos Distrik Humansdorp, Produksiebestuurder. 1972,

BarbertonVisser J H, 28, K W V Paarl, Regsadviseur, 1 966, KaapstadVisser J J C,47 N G Pastorie Boston Bellville, Predikant, 1967, LaingsburgVisser L J, 33, lmpala Koshuis Thabazimbi, Onderwyser, l974, DelmasVisser O W N. 38. Edwardslaan 118 Westonaria, Motorhawe-Eienaar, 1968, CarletonvilleVisser P A C, 35, Voortrekkerstraat Redelinghuys, Onderwyser, l972, KaapstadVisser P D.39. Collinsingel 12 Sasolburg, lnstandhoudings-Beplannrngsingenieur, 1972,

ParysVisser P L,27, Hoerskool Ventersdorp, Onderwyser, l968, BritsVisser S M,33, S A Weermag Walvisbaar, N G Kapelaan, 1975, OhopohoVisser T J K,29, Oos Burgerstraat Fauresmith, Onderwyser. 1974, BloemfonteinVivier C de W, 44, Groote Schuurhospitaal Kaapstad, Asst Superintendent, 1967,

UitenhageVivier P M, 41, Melivanda Woonstelle 303 Bourkeslraat Sunnyside Pretoria/Volkskas,

Assistent Sekretaris, 1970, KaapstadViviers M N O, 34, Rooseveltstraat 1 1 Robindale Uitbreiding, Bestuurder (Wilfour Wonings),

PietersburgViviers P J, 38, Hodrskool Lydenburg, Onderhoof, I 974, PietersburgViviers P L,36, Vakopleidingskool Wesllake Kaap, Senior Onderwyser, 1976, WorcesterViviers P M,29, La Rochelleweg La Rochelle, Onderhoof, 1974, ParowVlok B, 42, Kavalierfilms Randburg, Besturende Direkteur, 1973, BloemlonteinVlok G J,33, Kotze & Vlok Balfour, Prokureur, 1966, BritsVlok N, 33, Mirianastraat 237 Sinoville Pretoria, Geregsbode, l977, ValhallaVlok W J, Perskor Handelsdrukkery Johannesburg, Afdelingsvoorman, 1 974Vlotman G C, 39, De rust PK Brandfort, Boer, 1967Vogel G M,31, Radienhof Leemhuisstraat Klerksdorp, Onderwyser, 1970, NelspruitVogel J J,35, N G Pastorie Tadcaster, Predikant, 1976, BalfourVoigt C J,38, Munisipaliteit Roodepoort, O & M Beampte, 1969, Kempton Park

Voigt J G, 38, Dwarsdeur Vredendal, Boer, 1968Volschenk A D, 31, Laerskool Saffier (Tiervlei), Vise-Hoof, 1973, WarrentonVolschenk J A M, 35, Sekondore Skool Tweeilng, Onderwyser, 1971, KroonstadVolschenk J E,32, Outenique Proefplaas George, Hoof, .l 974, HarlenbosVolschenk J J, 38, Milit6re Basis Doornkloof, Maloor/S A Weermag, 1977,Preloria

A134

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Volschenk P G, 25. PK Adams Mission, Onderwyser, l976, AtbertonVolsteedt A K. Bloemfontein (Praat oor Onderwys by 1966 se Bondsraad)Volsteedt J A. 27. Grey Koltege Btoemfontein, Onderwyser, 1g75Von Molendorfl G A s, 46. Laerskool Parow-Sentraal parow, onderhoof, 1967, worcestervon solms s J H, 45, Nederlandse Bank rhabazimbi. Bestuurder, 1968, JohannesburgVon Wielligh C L. 27. Hodrskool Ermelo, Onderwyser, 1966Von Wielligh J H. 29, Hoerskool Walvisbaar, Onderwyser, 1975, SteilenboschVon Wielligh L A J,36, Maskam Landboukodp van Rhynsdorp, Bestr;urder, 1973,

Loeriesf onteinVon Wielligh P J, 36. Pakhuisdam paarl, Boer, l974Voogt A J.36, Churchillweg 6 port Shepstone, Landdros, 1976, UmzintoVoordewind W J. 38. P U vir CHO potchefstroom, Lektor. 1965, VanderbijlparkVorster A J D.38. Volkskas Bpk Caledon. Bestuurder. 1965, VereenigingVorster A P, 42. Pospersoneel Kimberley, Hooftegnikus, 1 967, JohannesburgVorster B J (Lrd Nr 3737), StaatspresidentVorster B J, 28. Grootpan PK Marken, Boer. 'l g69. potgietersrusVorster C J, 33, Laerskool Arborpark, Onderwyser, ,1974, pietermaritzburgVorster D J, 29, Cathcarlstraat Somerset Oos. Onderwyser. .l 977, CradocXVorster F H, 34, Leedsweg 56 Umtata, Onderwyser, 1 965, potchefstroomVorster G H L 39 Tygerbergse Tegn tnstituut parow, Lektor, ,l973,

BellvilleVorster G J, 34. Waaihoek Warrenton. Boer/Sakeman. 1973Vorster H A,36. SA U K (HadioBantu)/Amalotary 1l1 KingWilljamstown lngenieur. 1925,

PretoriaVorster H P. 49, Grootpan PK Marken. Boer, 1966, potgietersrusvorster H r J.44. Dordrechlstraat 29 crosby, Klerk (sAUK), 19/2, potchetstroomvorster l, 32. De Klerk vermaak & Vennote vereenrging, prokureur, 1973. RustenburgVorster J A. 45. Hoerskool Lyttelton, Onderhoof, 1967vorster J D 54. N G paslorie Taf erberg Kaapstad, predikanl, 1964, Jamestownvorster J D, 40, Rabestraat 163 potgietersrus, Geneesheer, 1970, pretoraVorster J E, 38, Hoogesttaal 131 potgietersrus, Boer, 1966Vorster J E. 27. f he Junction Letsitele, Boer 1967Vorster J G, 35, Waterval Carnarvon. Boer. 1969vorster J H, 32 Grenharte lngoto/yskor. Aanregbestuurder, r 970, JohannesburgVorster J M,48, Vaalreefs Expl Mining Co Orkney, Hysmasjinis, 1969 Sprinls

-vorster J P, 44, Premium Makeraars Johannesbuig, Besturende Direkteur, 1"g68,

VereenigingVorster L F, 28, Landboukollege Glen, Navorser. j967, pretoriavorster N R, 31, Faureraan 2 Broemfontein, Tegniese Asst vir Raadg, rng, rg75, zasrronvorster P A, 38, De waarstraat..z6 La Hoff Krerksdorp, prokureur, r9]2, FietermaiitrorrgVorster P J, 37, Treurfontein Aliwal_Noord, Boer. 1967Vorster P J, 45, Vorstershoek Distrik Mafeking, Skoothoof /Boer, 1976Vorster P P J,37, Kirstonra Handelaars pK Biay, Winkeiler/Boer, j967Vorster S J, 29, Normaalkollege pretoria, Lektoi. 1964, Bloemfonteinvorsler s w,31. Randsigstraat Richmond Kaap, Hoerskoor onderwyser, 1971,

MoorreesburgVorsler T, 35, Ketellontein Colesberg, Boer, 1971vorster T B- 41, Leeuweg Monumentpark pretoria, Senior Landdros, 1971, GermistonVorster W F, 38, Mopaniestraat phalaborwa, Geneesheer, 1965. Burgersdorpvorster w K, 33, Thorncroftsingel 1 9 phalaborwa, Hoerskoolonder*yr"Ir, t 9zt,'pietersburgVos J A P, 34, Tweedelaan Edenvale, Senior Onderwyser, 1g72, pretoriavos J P 36, Afrikaanse springslowwe & chem Nywerhede somerset-wes, voorman, 1968,

VredenburgVos ! P G, 42, Munisipaliteit pretoria, Adj-Stadstesourier, 1965, RustenburgVos S A, 31, Truter crous wigger & vos Randfontein, prokureur, 1973, weitonariaVosloo C J, 33, Riverside Edenburg, Boer, l 966, pearstonVosloo C J, 31, De Put Edenburg, Boet, 1972Vosloo G J, 33, Mispah Bethlehem, Boer, .l975Vosloo J, 35, schoemanstraat 1 4 Kuruman, onderhoof (Laerskoor), 1 970, stelrenboscht/osloo J H, 38, Alexandra Marandellas Rhodesid, Boer, lg75, OttosdalVosloo M A,31 , Ventersdorp-Handelshuis, Sakeman, 1968, Salisbury

4135

Vosloo i\,4 L, 43, Frederickrylaan 1 71 Northclift Johannesburg, Direkteur v Maatskappye,197 1

Vosloo P C. 43 Vosloo & Lindeque Johannesburg, Rekenmeester. 1 969Vosloo W A, 40, Universiteit Stellenbosch, Senror Lektor, j968, ElsenburgVosser P, 33, Hoogestraat Zeerust, Onderwyser, 'l 969, MaricoVosser W J, 40, Poskantoor Pietersburg, Superintendent, 1 965, ZeerustVrey W J H, 34, U O V S Bloemfontein Boersmastraat 45 Universitas, Dosent, 1970.

Potchefstroom

wWagenaar J P J,26, Beaconweg 137 Grosvenor Durban, N H Predikant, 1970, PretoriaWagenaar H P G.29 Nas Boekhandel King Wiiliamstown, Bestuurder, 1966, UitenhageWagenaar P M,36, Kantoor van die Burgemeester Nigel, Sekretaris, 1965, BoksburgWagner J F, 47, Volkskas Warden, Bestuurder, l974, AlbertonWahl A J. 31, Hoofstraat Merweville, Sakeman, 1967Walters H A 43 P /A S A Spoorwegkollege Essenlenpark, lnstrukteur, 1969, MalmesburyWalters J L. 47, Vlakpan Ottosdal, Boer, l975, PretoriaWalters P E,32, Lanzeracweg 13 KarrndaliUniversiteit Stellenbosch, Snr Lektor, 1972,

PiketbergWalters S S,33, P/A N G Kerk Salisbury-Suid, Predikant, 1974, AskhamWandrag J L. 38, Scholtzstraat 43 Universitas Bloemfontern, Ouditeur, 1972, PrelortaWarmenhoven H W,38, P/A N C Maritz Tzaneen, Prokureur, 1969, PietersburgWarmenhoven W J M, 32, Parkstraat 29, f zaneen. Apteker, '1 967, LydenburgWarnich H A, 29, Winkelhaaksvlei Moorreesburg, Boer. 1977Warnich P G,39, C M R Port Elizabeth. Predikant, 1965, HennenmanWassenaar A D (Dr)Wassenaar G lV C, 32, Unrversiteit Kollege van Wes-Kaapland, Snr Lektor, '1 965, UitenhageWasser{all J N, 44, P/A Human & Pitt Kaapstad, Begrafnisondernemer, 1969Wasserman I L, 39, Stasieweg Clewer, Skoolhoof, l973, WitbankWasserman J G, 38, Spiesstraat Wepener, Prokureur, 1966, BloemfonteinWassermann H S,44, P/A Dept van Verdediging Pretoria, Kolonel, 1967, WynbergWassermann R, 28, P/A Yskor Pretorra, Beplanner, 1968Wasserrnann V D,34, Dept Landbou Tegniese Dienste Stellenbosch, Snr Lektor, 1967Watkins F E,39, Roodeberg Distrik lndwe, Boer, 1973, Lady GreyWatson A W, 32, Fonteine Paul Floux. Boer, 1971Weakley Bl, 36, Posbus 34 Harrismith, Ouditeur, 1964, SenekalWebber H G, 40, P/A S A Polisie Port Elizabeth, Sersant, 1973Weber H, Bestuurskomitee Middelburg TvlWeber H J, 39 Langenhovenstraat 26 Potchefstroom/P U vir CHO, Professor. 1 976,

WindhoekWeber P A, Voormalige Besturende Direkteur van Nasionale PersWeber P C H, 32, Elliot, Slagter, 1965, FranschhoekWeeber T N/, 30, Kiaatstraat 24 Wilropark/Stadsraad Roodepoort, Eiendomsagent, 1973,

PretoriaWegner J G, 33, Vennstraat Nelspruit/N J Van Zyl & Vennote, Ouditeur, 1971, MalelaneWehmeyer R J,36, P/A lmperiale Koelkamers Pretoria, Rekenmeesler, 1975, NigelWeich D J V, 32, Jim Fouchelaan 22 Universitas Bloemfontein, Geneesheer, 1974,

MalmesburyWeich H F H, 35, Gainsboroughstraat 4 De La Have Bellville, Geneesheer, 1973, Aliwal-

NoordWeich S J F, 32, 14de Laan 2 Mosselbaai, Geneesheer, l975, Oos-LondenWeideman D H J,30, Normandielaan 77 Bloemfontein, Onderwyser, 1966, ZastronWeideman I S, 35 Lemoenspruit Luckhoff , Boer, 1973Weideman J A C, 35, l4deLaan 2 Da Gamapark Simonstad, Vlootoffisier Kmdr, 1972,

SaldanhaWeideman J J S, 40, Unrversiteit Kollege PK Sovenga, Snr Lektor, 1965, UpingtonWeideman P J, 42, S A Polisie Pietermaritzburg, Adj-Oflisier, 1964, ClocolanWeideman W J, 45, P/A Magasyndept S A S Johannesburg, Klerk, 1964, GermistonWeilbach C N,31, Pilgrimstraat Barberton, Geneesheer, 1967, Lydenburg

A136

Weilbach J, 30, P/A Kantoor v d Eersle lMinister, Privaatsekretaris, 1973, HeilbronWellbach J F, 39, Pistoria Heilbron, Boer 1964Weiss P F D (Prof) (Lid Nr 2902), Direkteur van die Afrika lnstituut Pretoria - Voorgeslel

vir die U R in 1968Weiss R H O,30, Utrechtstraat 32 Vryheid, Landmeter, 1969, PretoriaWelman H, 35, Harmonie Koster, Boer, 1963, MagaliesburgWelman W P J.40, Fernhurst Plaas Gatooma Salisbury, Boer, 1968Welthagen P J. 36, P/A Eiendomsafdelrng Volkskashoofkantoor Pta, Bankamptenaar,

1974, BloemfonteinWenhold H O, 42. Northlandweg 10 Bobertsham Johannesburg, lngenieur, 1975,

KlerksdorpWentzel J A f , 42, Onderwyskollege Potchelstroom, Snr Dosent, 1967, StandertonWentzel J D,37, P/A W N N R Pretoria, Navorser, 1965, pietersburgWentzel P C, 42, Driefontein Zoekmekaar, Boer, i 975, OlyfbergWentzel W F (Lrd Nr 4143) Bloemfontein L U K - Voorgestel vir die U R in 1968Wentzel W H, 34, Volkskas Dewetsdorp, Rekenmeester, 1966, VentersdorpWepener D A, 43, Duineveld Grootiontein, Boer, l966, BethanieWerner C B H, 37, Kleinfontein Brits, Boer, 1977, PrelonaWessels A B H, 30, Winterhoek PK Greytown. Boer, 1967Wessels B H J,36, P/A Sanlam Port Elizabeth, Wyksbestuurder, l965, KirkwoodWessels B J, 34, Stalreitherstraat g Fichardtpark/O U V S Bloemfontein, Snr Lektor, 1976,

LadybrandWessels C C S,37, Moyesstraat Senekat/P/A [,4iddevrystaatse Suiwel Koop Bpk,

Hoofbestuurder, 1 975, SasolburgWessels H D, Lid van die U R se Ekonomiese Komitee in i 973Wessels H du P, 41 , Karsrrvier Bredasdorp, Boer/Vert Fedmis, l g76Wessels H J, 32, Dirkie Uysstraat l7 Nlalmesbury, Onderwyser, 1970, WarrentonWessels ll J,42, S A S & H Plaslon, Klerk/Boer, 1963, ExcelsiorWessels H W B, 32, Grasvlei Winburg, Boer, 1965Wessels l, 34, Brandstraat Thaba 'Nchu/Bartimeaskool vir Bantoe Dowe Kinders,

Onderhoof, 1 970, PretoriaWessels J D J, 51, Hoerskool P J Olivier Grahamstad, Skoolhoof, 1973, KimberleyWessels J G H, 38, P/A Fissons Johannesburg, Bedryfshool, 1969, VanderbillparkWessels J H,34, P/A Constantiaskool PK Retreal, Onderhoof, 1970, parowWessels J H W (Dr), 36, Yorkweg Bloemfontern, Oogspesialis, 1963Wessels J J, 29, Sendingpastorie Amsterdam/N G Sendeling, predikant, 197,1, Ladysmith

NatalWessels J P,28, Kerkplein Pastorre Prieska, N G predikant, 1971, SteltenboschWessels J v d W,44, Thanda Pers King Wrlliamstown, Besluurder, 1966, Randburg TvlWessels L, 27 Vegkopstraat 20 Krugersdorp, Advokaat, 1974, potchefstroomWessels L S K, 36 Windhoek Napier, Boer, 1975Wessels tV H, 43, Medfonteinsebou 509 Bloemfontein. Chirurg, .1965, KrugersdorpWessels M J, 32, "Roseleigh" Ladysmith, Boer, 1967Wessels M J L,39, P/A Vrystaat Kodp/Eikelaan 14 Reitz, Asst Hoolbestuurder, 1976

BloemfonteinWessels P, 36, Mopaniestraat 17 Phalaborwa, prokureur, .l973, preloriaWessels P J,32, Die Drostdy Lady Grey, Landdros, 1970, KimberleyWessels P J, 36, Philamerelaan 3t Durban, Tandarts, 1976, LondenWessels P J, 49, Ho6rskool Herlbron, Skoolhoof, l966, SasolburgWessels P W de W, 39, Longleat Vanstadensrust, Boer, 1973Wessels W H. 30, P/A Landboukollege Potchefstroom, Vakk-Beampte, 1969, StellenboschWessels W [/ J, 37, P/A Munisipaliteit Nigel/Nie-Blanke Sake, Bestuurder, I965, BrakpanWeslerman J F, 43, Witpoort Ottosdal, Onderwyser, 1967Westraat H J,26, S A Polisie Port Nolloth, Adj-Offisier, j968, Beau,ort-Wesweyers A,33, P/A o u v s Bloemfontein/Sergeantstraat 19 Universitas Bloemfontein,

Lektor, 1 975, Graaff-ReinetWeyers F T, 31 , P/A Saaiplaas Volkskoot Virginia, Skoolhool, -1969, BloemfonteinWhelpton J G, 39, Noristan Laboratorium Pretoria, Streeksbestuurder, 1g73White J H P,36, Ronkettisirkel 21 Petersfield Springs, Boekhouer, 1966, SundraWhiteman M G, 45, P/A Munisipaliteit Vereeniging, Voorman Elektrisie6n, 1968

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Wiehahn N E,4.1, Universrteit Port Elizabeth/Errorylaan 30 Framesby, professor, 1920,Durban

wienand v M, 39, Posbus 1 10 Messina (skakel vir Broers op Militere Diens by Greefswaldol Modemba 1 976)

Wiese P N, 35, Ongwedivaopleidingsentrum Oshakati, Onderwyser, i977, Thaba ,Nchu

Wiese T J, 51, Hopelield Hertzogville, Boer, 1963, HartsvalleiWiese W J (Lid Nr 7685), Bloemfontein, Boer, 1962Wiid D H,43, Hickory-Oord Robinacres/R A U Johannesburg, professor, 1970, port

Elizabethwiid J A, PK witput - Adverteer vir Dokter en Prokureur vir Hopetown in omsendbriefWiid J J A,35, P/A Sanlamgroeifonds Beltville, Verteenwoordiger, 1970, WorcesterWilbers P J E,32, Fred Nicholsonstraat 319 Les Marais, Onderhoof, 1963, Kempton parkWilcocks lV S, 29, P/A Opkoms-Meubets Bloemfontein, Onderbestuurder j963Wildenboer L, Mariasburg - Woon 1965 se Bondsraad byWildenboer L A, 33, P/A S A Spoorwee \A/atervalboven. lngenieur, 1969, JohannesburgWildenboer R N/,31, Kensington Woonstel 1405 Morningside Durban/pauw Botha &

Wildenboer, Argitek, 1 971, PretoriaWilke P G, 39, Morkelstraat l0 Middelburg Tvl. Sakeman, 1973Wilken A E J, 29, S A S & H Bloemfontein. Klerk, 1965Wilken L E, 36, Mossiestraat 27 Horison-Uitbr Roodepoort, Onderwyser, l971 LichtenburgWilken O A, 45, Silvervale Sm thf ield, Boer, 1969, WepenerWilken W J, 35, P/A Theron V D Poel & Kie Kaapstad, Rekenmeester, I970, Bloemf onteinWilkens B H, 31, Rietfontein PK Opraap Boer/Sakeman. l965Wille C G, 32, Rietgat Lichtenburg, Boer, 1977Willemse A J, 35, Sanlam Nelsprurt, Versekelngskonsultant, 1973, pretoriaWillemse B F,38, PlAZoeloe Opleidingskoot Vryheid Hoof, j966, MapumuloWillemse C P,31, N G Pastorie Heilbron, Predikant, 1964, Waverley pretoriaWillemse J, 29, Enhoek Plaas Chipinga, Boer, 1973Willemse L W, 37, P/A Volkskas Kaapstad, Rekenmeester, 1966, MalmesburyWillemse M G, 25, Giddyshome Memel, Boer, 1967Willemse W H, 37, Bergvlamstraat B Skanskop Pretoria/gevangeniswese, Briqadier, 19Z6Willer L P, 36, P/A Karbochem Sasolburg, Bedryfsuperintendent, 1974, BethlehemWilliams J G, 29, 2TsteLaan 581 Villiera Pretona, Dosent (Universiteit) t9/5Williams J H H, 48, Gainsboroughstraat 15 Vanderbijtpark/yskor, Etektrotegnikus, 1976,

JohannesburgWilms C A, 46, Simonstraat Bethal, Geneesheer, 1964, pearstonWilson J G,34, O T K Bethal, Landboukundige, 1962, WiilistonWinterbach D J. 40, P/A Geologiese Opname Pretoria, Hoofgeoloog. 1974, potchelstroomWinterbach J P J, 39, Wesstraat 31 Middelburg Tvl, Onderwyser, 1975, NaboomspruitWinterbach P J, 27. Komatrpoort, Onderwyser, 1966. LydenburgWium D J W, 35, Lemoenbult De Doorn, Boer, 1964Wium D J W, 35, Volmoed De Doorns, Boer, 1975Wohlitz J F,47, N G Pastorie Delareyville, Predikant, 1965, pietersburgWoite C (Jnr), 39, Aenmaystraat Ventersdorp, Boer, 197'lWolfaardt F J, 36, Silwerlaan 29 Dersleypark Sprrngs, Onderwyser, 1975, GeysdorpWolhuter P, 36, Veenstraat 67 Potgietersrus/Potgietersrus, Tabakkoop Rekenmeester,

1 977. Potche{stroomWolmarans C F, 47. Hoerskool Tweeling, Skoolhoof, 1967, VirginiaWolmarans D J, 45, Bultfontein Hekpoort, Boer, 1976, PretoriaWolmarans J B,33, Sibeliusstraat 21 Vanderbijlpark/Yskor, Hoof Onderwys & Opleiding,

I965, PretoriaWolvaardt H A, 28, Bensagebou 102 Trompsburg, Onderwyser, 1967 SmithfieldWright C P, 28, lmpalakoshuis Thabazimbi, Onderwyser, 1966Wright H R de W,33 P/A Bank van Johannesburg Kemptdn Park, Fin Bestuurder, 1975Wright J N,35, P/A J N Wright Uitrusters Kempton Park, Sakeman, 1973, Johannesburg

YYoung C A, 34, Colombowoonstel 72 Scheidingstraat Pretoria. Sakeman/L p R, l968Young J A, 35, Roodepoortse Hoerskool, Onderwyser, 1974, BritsYssel D, 41, Elandskuil Ventersdorp, Boer, 1967

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II

I

Yssel G J,34,P/A S A U K Johannesburg, personeelhoo{, 1964, pretoriaYssel J c, 29, Hoeirskoor wonderboom pretoria, onderwyser, 1966, LichtenburgYssel S G, 42, Elandskuil Ventersdorp, Boer, j977

zZaaiman S F,45, P/A Volksblad Bloemlontein, Asst Redakteur, ,1964, ZasfionZaayman W, 39, Volkskas Wolseley, Bestuurder, l968, Oudtshoornzandberg A J B, 31, s A Polisrekoilege polkor pretoria, Adj-offisier, 1971, BritstownZeelie J S, 48, Britzstraat I83, Kroonstad/Dept Gevangenis, Maloor, 1g17, pretonaZeeman G H,31, N G Pastorie Villiersdorp, predikant, l96g, Baibertonzeernan G H (Lid Nr r0785) N G pastorie Belgravia Johannesburg, predikantZeeman J P,35, U O V S Bioemfontein, Lab Tegnikus, 1g66, ColensoZeeman P S (Prof ) Lid van die U R se Wetenskap-Komitee l973Zerwick J, 34, P/A Evkom Johannesburg, Snr Adm Beampte, 1974, Middelburg TvlZerwick J W, 32, "Welkom" Christiana, Boer. 1965Zietsman A J, 27, Pastorie Swellendam, N G predikant, ,l977,

BrandwachtZjetsman A L, 31, PK Pelgrimsrus, Geoloog, 1 966, HennenmanZietsman E P, 33, Bantjestraat 43 Lichtenburg, Boukontrakteur, ,1973

Zietsman M J, 38, Nelsprurtse Laerskool Nelspruit, Adj-Hoof, 1g70, MarkenZwregelaar J S lV, 39, Onderwyskollege Durban, Lektor, l964, UitenhageZwiegers J J,32, Karnmelkspan poupanstasie phiripstown, Boer, 196g, petrusviileZwiegers P A J, 35, Destragebou Welkom, Tandarts, .1 965, JohannesburgZwiegers W A, 45, S A S Polisie Johannesburg, Hoofkonstabel, 1965, Duiban

A139