BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BCD Planning Principles and Approaches

25 – 29 April 2005Dakar

David Botha

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles

Planning Area for RRC-04/06

17

0°E

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Plans associated with the new agreement

A digital plan comprising two parts:– Part 1, digital broadcasting in 174‑230 MHz (T‑DAB and DVB‑T);– Part 2, digital broadcasting in 470‑862 MHz (DVB‑T).Contain existing and planned assignments and allotments (§ 1.7) and assignments and allotments approved by RRC-06.

An analogue plan comprising two parts:– Part 1, for analogue broadcasting in 174‑230 MHz;– Part 2, for analogue broadcasting in 470‑862 MHz.Contain existing and planned analogue assignments (§ 1.7).

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Equitable access

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Equitable access

Planning process shall be based on the principle of “equitable access” to frequency resources (No. 196 of Article 44 of the ITU Constitution).

Take into account analogue, digital and other primary services (defined in § 1.7)

Planning exercises to indicate the possibilities in different parts of the planning area

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2008

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Equitable access

Planning exercises need to be based on equitable access with respect to:

• coverage, in terms of area to be covered;

• quality of reception (C/I, C/N, protection ratio, power flux-density/minimum field strength to be protected);

• percentage of locations and percentage of the time for which a given quality of reception is to be achieved and for which the interference analysis is to be performed;

• type of reception: fixed, portable (indoor/outdoor), mobile;

• bandwidth available for planning;

• other criteria, which will be used for the establishment of the plan(s).

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Equitable access

• New Agreement - framework for individual and different requirements on an equitable access basis;

• Reduced access to bands for digital broadcasting if other primary services are required;

• Further study required on methods and criteria for the implementation of the principle of equitable access – to be reported to the RRC-06.

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Flexibility regarding possible future developments

• Whole band (170 – 230 MHz) available for both T-DAB and DVB-T;

• Ensure cross-border compatibility – T-DAB and DVB-T – use bi- and multilateral coordination;

• Splitting of band III for DVB-T and T-DAB is a national decision only.

T‑DAB and DVB‑T in Band III

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Flexibility regarding possible future developments

Subject to equitable access the planning should be able to deal with:

• MFN, SFN and a mixture of both, using appropriate system variants and location probabilities;

• Fixed reception, portable (outdoor and indoor) reception and mobile reception, using a limited number of appropriate system variants and location probabilities.

Transmitter networks and reception modes

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Flexibility regarding possible future developments

New plans should:• Provide a framework to satisfy individual requirements on

an equitable basis;• Be flexible and forward-looking to cover future

developments.

Digital terrestrial broadcasting to serve as data platform for innovative telecommunication applications.

Efficient use of spectrum – use minimum number of channels

Possible future developments

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Approach to the production of a plan, including protection of existing and planned stations

• Deal separately with bands III and IV/V;• Ignore low power assignments and small allotments

(definitions § 1.6.17.3 and § 1.6.16);• Do no consider digital broadcasting assignments of more

than 200 kW e.r.p.;• Administrations should indicate the existing and planned

assignments that should be protected (§ 1.7);• Bi- and multilateral discussions to aid the planning –

notify outcome of discussion to ITU-BR;• Planning based on notified requirements to the ITU-BR

by administrations using the correct data format (Chapter 6 and CR/215).

Attributes of the planning process:

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Approach to the production of a plan, including protection of existing and planned stations

The design of the plan to ensure:• Compatibility between digital assignments/allotments and

existing and planned analogue assignments;• Compatibility between digital assignments/allotments;• No need for additional procedures in both cases.

Compatibility in the planning process – Protection of existing and planned stations

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Approach to the production of a plan, including protection of existing and planned stations

• Compatibility between digital assignments/allotments and existing and planned analogue assignments – non-optimum use of the spectrum;

• Do not take existing and planned assignments into account – maximize spectrum utilisation;

• Use the iterations of planning exercise and draft plan to establish the extent of the application of the above two approaches

Notify digital conversions to the ITU-BR – indicate them in the output of the plan.

Record the date limit for the application of restrictions - transition

Approaches to the production of the plan

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Treatment of digital broadcasting requirements

• Two types of notices:AssignmentsAllotments

• Link notices of assignments that form an SFN;• Receiving antenna polarisation is not taken into account,

except in the case of fixed reception;• T-DAB planning is based on mobile and indoor portable

reception;• Digital television planning is based on fixed, portable

(indoor and out door) and mobile reception modes.

Scope of digital broadcasting requirements

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Treatment of digital broadcasting requirements

• Based on the outcome of planning exercises, use bi- and multilateral agreements to remove incompatibilities as far as possible;

• Conduct discussions directly or with assistance from ITU-BR (within limits of resources);

• All digital requirements are open for discussion;• Technical characteristics of requirements may be

changed;• Notify agreements to ITU-BR – to be taken into account

in establishing the new plan;• Agreements can only be considered when not affecting

other administrations.

Bilateral and multilateral agreements

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Treatment of other primary services

• ITU-BR to publish lists of assignments of other primary services to be taken into consideration (CR/216, CR/217 and CR/220) according to definitions (1.7);

• Use bi- and multilateral agreements to reduce incompatibilities;

• Assignments of other primary service should only be taken into account upon request of the administration.

General considerations

Protection of assignments of other primary services during the establishment of the plan

• Should be ensured by the design of the plan

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Principles continued

Preparation of requirements

• It is the responsibility of the administrations;• ITU-BR to produce data capture software (CR/216);• Administrations not present at the RRC-06 and which

have not submitted any requirements, should be provided with a reasonable number of allotments and/or assignments.

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Methods

General aspects of the planning structure

• Different approaches for different geographical areas – measures to ensure compatibility;

• Different planning methods for different parts of the bands;

• Both lattice and non-lattices based planning.

Planning approach and methods

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Methods continued

General aspects of the planning structure continued

• T-DAB planning based on allotments, if appropriate;• DVB-T planning based on allotments, assignments or

combination;• Protection of the services areas of assignments and

allotments;• Administrations should be able to specify requirements as

assignments and/or allotments.

Allotments and assignments

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Methods continued

General aspects of the planning structure continued

• T-DAB planning based on SFN, as far as practicable;• DVB-T planning based on SFN, MFN or combination of

both;• For T-DAB and DVB-T - planning methods to develop

plans for different RPC’s and reference networks;• Number of systems variants to be limited as far as

possible.

Network configurations, receiving modes and system variants

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Methods continued

Allotments and assignments

• Used already extensively during past planning conferences;

• Requires considerable individual station planning for each assignment prior to the frequency planning;

• A lattice structure is appropriate if transmitter sites have the same/uniform characteristics;

• Provides a frequency for each station – locations and characteristics of transmitters are known – brought into service without further coordination;

• Set a lower power limit for stations to be taken into consideration – such stations may be added later as plan modifications.

Assignment planning (defined in 1.6.2)

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Methods continued

Allotments and assignments

• In particular practical where SFN’s are used;• May also be applied for MFN’s if detail planning has not

been completed;• Require the definition of reference transmission

conditions to represent interference potential for compatibility analysis;

• Provides a frequency for each allotment area – locations and characteristics of transmitters are not known – brought into service without further coordination if real transmitter does not exceed the simulated interference potential.

Allotment planning (defined in 1.6.1)

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Methods continued

Allotments and assignments

• No need for exclusive assignment or allotment planning;• In mixed situations it is necessary to define:

1. The intended service areas;2. The interference potential of the assignments or

allotments.• A mixed plan should give equal priority to both.

Mixed planning

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Methods continued

Allotments and assignments

• Specified by test points;• For allotments – specified as part of the requirement;• For assignments – calculated using the method in

A.5.2.2.1.

Specification of services areas

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Methods continued

Allotments and assignments

• For assignments based on characteristics of the particular assignment;

• For allotments:1. Based on aggregate of assignment(s) associated

with the allotment;2. Based on the relevant reference network specified by

the administration.

Characterisation of interference potential

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDPlanning Methods continued

Allotments and assignments

• Establish a plan for digital broadcasting based on existing analogue frequency plans or assignments;

• It may be advantageous in some cases to utilise conversions;

• The report provides descriptions of two such methods:1. MFN conversion (A.5.2.2.2.1)2. Channel potential method (A.5.2.2.2.2).

Methods for the conversion of analogue assignments into digital allotment or assignment requirements

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCDProcedure for the production of a plan

Lattice and non-lattice based methods

• Two methods for the preparation of a frequency plan:1. Lattice-based – systematic, geographically regular

distribution of frequency resources over an area;2. Non-lattice-based – irregular, spectrum utilisation

efficient distribution of frequency resources over an area.

• Both are suitable for allotment/assignment planning and to be used in the presence of existing constraints;

• Lattice based planning could find application in areas with uniformity of requirements – in cases where conversion is applied

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Procedure for the production of a planCompatibility analysis and synthesis process

Analysis

Synthesis

Admin/BR

Admin/BR

BR/PXT

BR/PXT

Admin/BR/PXTAdmin/BR

Admin/BR/PXT

Admin.

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Thank youMerci

Workshop for the African Group of Countries