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Spatial Data in the
Enterprise
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Used to be a GIS-expert/consultant
Works as software architect for Enterprise Systems(Vlaamse Overheid)
Works on the intersection of JEE and spatial datatechnology
Committer for Hibernate Spatial, Geolatte
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Spatial data for Java programmers
Persisting spatial data with Hibernate Spatial
Spatial data processing with Geolatte (+ tutorial)
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Locations are defined w.r.t. a spatial reference system
geographic terms or identifiers (names, addresses, postalcodes)
coordinates of a coordinate reference system
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Geographic coordinatesLatitude = angle w.r.t.equatorial plan
Longitude = angle w.r.t. prime
meridian
Ellipsoid approximates Geoid
Geoid is equipotential surfaceat mean sealevel
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Geodetic Datum
Fixes ellipsoid to geoid
WGS84World geodetic datum
Used for GPS
Wrong datum =>
Errors of 50 - 500m. !!
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Projected coordinate system
Chose so as to preserves some aspectsEqual-AreaEqui-DistantConformal
Valid locally
Examples
Lambert 72
LAEA 3035
UTM
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Coordinate Reference Systems in practice
Identified by EPSG identifier or SRID
See: http://spatialreference.org/ or http://www.epsg-registry.org/
Gotchas:
Calculating with geographic coordinates
Lat/Long or Long/Lat ?
Google Maps -- EPSG:90093
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http://www.epsg-registry.org/http://www.epsg-registry.org/http://www.epsg-registry.org/http://www.epsg-registry.org/http://www.epsg-registry.org/http://spatialreference.org/http://spatialreference.org/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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Rectangular grid(usually)
One data value per cell
Related to graphics
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Geometry = coordinate geometry + a coordinatereference system
Coordinate geometry = Lists (of lists) of coordinates
describing the boundaries of the geometry
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Named topological relationships
Disjoint
Intersects
Touches
CrossesOverlaps
Within
Contains
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GIS for spatial analysis systems for research ordecision-support
e.g. ESRI Arc/Info (later ArcGIS)
No standardisation, limited interoperabilitye.g. Understanding GIS the Arc/Info way
Exotic: i.e. non-native to common IT-ecosystems
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Emergence of open standards
Free/Open source software
FOSS4G
2005: Google Maps showed the future
Abundant spatial data
GPS, OpenStreetMap
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Standard-compliant service componentse.g. Web Mapping Service (ESRI, Geoserver, Deegree, Autodesk)
Spatial data capability in commodity software
Postgresql (postgis), Hibernate Spatial, JTS/Geotools/Geolatte
Cheap desktop mapping
e.g. Quantum GIS, uDIG, MapInfo
Professional GIS on the desktop
e.g. ESRI ArcGIS, GRASS (F/OSS)
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[A]ims to establish a structured set of standards for information concerningobjects or phenomena that are directly or indirectly associated with a locatiorelative to the Earth.
ISO 19100 series standards
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http://www.isotc211.org/http://www.isotc211.org/http://www.isotc211.org/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is an international industryconsortium of 440 companies, government agencies and universitiesparticipating in a consensus process to develop publicly available interfacstandards. OGC Standards support interoperable solutions that "geo-enable" the Web, wireless and location-based services and mainstream ITThe standards empower technology developers to make complex spatial
information and services accessible and useful with all kinds of applications
Collaborates closely with TC211
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http://www.opengeospatial.org/http://www.opengeospatial.org/http://www.opengeospatial.org/http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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ISO 19107 - Spatial schema
Geometries in 3-dimensional space
A.k.a OGC Topic 1: Feature Geometry (ISO 19107 SpatialSchema)
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OGC Simple Features Specification for SQL (SFS)
Geometry by linear interpolation between (2D-)coordinates
Widely supported in databases, libraries
ISO 19125 Simple features access (SFA)Successor to SFS
A.k.a OGC Simple Feature Access
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Geometry methods:
Basicdimension(), SRID(), envelope(), geometryType(), ...
Querydisjoint(), within(), overlaps(), relate(), ...
Analysisdistance(), bufer(), union(), ...
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Coordinates in 2-, 3- or 4 dimensions
X-, Y-coordinates for location in 2D
Z-coordinate, typically for elevation
M-coordinate for measures (SFA only)
Not real 3D, but 2.5D
Spatial operations work in the "map geometry" of the data and will therefornot reflect z or m values in calculations (e.g., Equals, Length) or in generatioof new geometry values (e.g., Bufer, ConvexHull, Intersection).
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(x1,y1,m=0)
(x2,y2,m=1.3)
(x3,y3,m=2.5)
(x4,y4,m=3.2)
(x5,y5,m=4.1)
(x2,y2,m=2.1)
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ISO 13249-3: SQL/MM - Part 3: Spatial Data
Originally based on the OGC Simple Features Specification forSQL, v1.1 (SFS)
Defines non-simple geometries: ST_CircularString
All types and methods prefixed with ST_
Also defines advanced structures: Topologies, Network
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ava interfaces for ISO 19100 series specifications
Proposed OGC standard
Very literal translation: complicated, verbose
Not widely used
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http://www.geoapi.org/http://www.geoapi.org/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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WKT: Well-known Text Representations for Geometry
POINT(0 1), LineString ( 10 10, 20 20, 30 40),Polygon ((10 10, 10 20, 20 20, 20 15, 10 10))
WKB: Well-known Binary Representations for Geometry
! WKT/WKB do not contain SRID, Z- or M-coordinates !
Several Extended variants
Postgis EWKT/EWKB, Sql Server
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Geographic Markup Language (GML)
ISO 19136 == OGC GML (currently v3.2.1)
Large, complex specification==> implementations are often incomplete, inconsistent
SFGML: Simple Features profile, a sane subsetMore information: http://www.ogcnetwork.net/gml
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http://www.ogcnetwork.net/gmlhttp://www.ogcnetwork.net/gml7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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ESRI Shapefile format
Open industry standard
Same scope as SFA/SFS
Widely used, supported by most systems
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WMS: Web Map Service (OGC)
Dynamic mapping
TMS: Tile Map Serve (informal)
Static tile maps
WFS: Web Feature Service (OGC)
Serves vector data
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Postgresql / Postgis
Postgis extension
Originally based on Simple features Spec.
Increasingly compliant with SQL/MM
Very good implementation, well-documented
MySQL
Partially compliant with SFS
Spatial relations based on bounding box ! (incorrect)
Read the documentation!!
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Oracle 10g
SDOGEOMETRY type: proprietary, non-standard model
Undocumented OGC compliance functions!
Oracle 11gAdds ST_GEOMETRY type
SQL/MM compliantInteroperable with SDOGEOMTRY
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Microsoft SQL Servers
Excellent SFS-compliant implementation
Storage format publicly documented
IBM InformixExcellent SFS-compliant implementation
Storage format not publicly documented
GeoDB (H2 based)
https://github.com/jdeolive/geodb/wiki
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https://github.com/jdeolive/geodb/wikihttps://github.com/jdeolive/geodb/wiki7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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The problem
SFS was intended for planar 2D geometries (projected mapcoordinates)
What about geodetic data such as WGS84?
Geography
Like a geometry, but assumes geodetic coordinates
ST_Length(), ST_Area(), ST_Distance() return meters
Available in Postgis (WGS84 only) and SQL Server
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ava Topology Suite
Implements Simple Features Specification for SQLLimited to 2D (but can store Z-coordinates)Problematic with geodetic data (long/lat)
Many computational geometry algorithms
Good quality, simple to use, very stableGEOS: port to C, used in Postgis
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http://tsusiatsoftware.net/http://tsusiatsoftware.net/http://tsusiatsoftware.net/http://tsusiatsoftware.net/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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GeoTools
Framework for creating GIS-applicationsReferencing, Rendering, Data access, ...
Fully interoperable with JTS & versions of GeoAPI
Large (sprawling) set of libraries
Code of variable quality
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http://www.geotools.org/http://www.geotools.org/http://www.geotools.org/http://www.geotools.org/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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Geotoolkit.org (Geotk)
GeoTools fork
Implements parts of GeoAPI
Started as clean up and harmonization of GeoTools
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http://www.geotoolkit.org/http://www.geotoolkit.org/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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Sextante
Spatial data analysis library
300+ algorithms for vecor- and raster-data
Interoperable with JTS
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http://sextante.forge.osor.eu/http://sextante.forge.osor.eu/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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GeoServer
Most widely used WMS/WFS/WCS server
Very active community
DeegreeSupports WMS, WFS, WCS, WPSSmaller community
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http://www.deegree.org/http://www.deegree.org/http://www.geoserver.org/http://www.deegree.org/http://www.deegree.org/http://www.geoserver.org/http://www.geoserver.org/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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OpenLayers
Most commonly used JavaScript client-framework
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GeoMajas
Integrated application framework (back- & front-end)
Uses GWT for client UI
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http://www.geomajas.org/http://www.openlayers.org/http://www.geomajas.org/http://www.geomajas.org/http://www.openlayers.org/http://www.openlayers.org/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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Leaflet
Mobile web apps (esp. iOS)
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http://leaflet.cloudmade.com/http://leaflet.cloudmade.com/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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OSGEOOSGeo was created to support the collaborative development of open sourcgeospatial software, and promote its widespread use
Projects: GeoTools, GeoServer, ....
FOSS4G: global conference focused on F/OSS for Geospatial
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http://www.osgeo.org/http://www.osgeo.org/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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OpenStreetMap (OSM)
Global dataset (roads, admin. boundaries, rivers, ...)
Community-created
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license
Variable quality
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/7/31/2019 Brujug Presentation 2011-12-15
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GeometryUserType for JTS Geometry
SpatialRestrictions API
HQL Spatial Functions
Marshalling/unmarshalling to DB-specific formats
Service Provider Interface for SpatialDialectProviders
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Oracle Spatial (SDOGEOMETRY)
Postgresql/Postgis
MySQL
Microsoft SQL Server 2008
GeoDB (H2)
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HS 1.1.x
Supports Hibernate 3.6
Adds dwithin(), transform() methods
HS 4
Module of Hibernate Core (4.1 probably)
JTS and Geolatte-geom
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