Torrey Botanical Society

Bryological NotesSource: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 6, No. 57 (Sep., 1879), pp. 341-344Published by: Torrey Botanical SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2475872 .

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Vol. VI., No.57.] BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICALCLUB. [NewYork,Sept.,1879.

BRYOLOGICAL NOTES, by C. F. AUSTIN.

? 348. Orthotrichum Lescurii, AuST.-Mutsc. Appalach. n. I63- -0. cupulaiulz. var miu's, Stilliv. Icones, Suppl. p 6I t. 44.

Autoicum, pullvinatum, pusillum. fastigiato-ramostm, saturate viride. Folia madefacta aperta, anguste lanceolata, acuta, inidistincte minutissime papillosa, margine revoluta, costa sub apice evanida, cellulis superioribus distinctis maj usctulis qtuadrato-rotundis, basilari- bus paulo longioribus et pellucidioribus vix latioribus subseriatis. Capstula immersa vel stubemersa, late ovali, distinctissimne 8-costata, (costis brunneis,) demum sub ore concolori valde constricta, collo brevissimo basi obtuso in humido hauid vel vix sulcato. Peristomium singulum, dentibus i6 longis lanceolato-sublatis albescentibus ele- gantissime crebre punctulatis sat uniformibuis et uniformi-articulatis vix nodulosis erectis vel deimium stubreflexis xque distantibus linea mediali notatis versus apicem hic illic pertusis. Operculum depresso- convexum, breviter apicuLlatum. Calyptra lata, brevis, parce pilosa i 6-striata. Flos masc. gemmiformis.

On dry sbaded granitic or trap rocks, Palisades, &c., New Jersey; also Pennsylvania, Por-ter, Connecticut, F. AV Pease, Salem, Mass., Robinison, Canada West, Maccunn.

In size and appearance much like 0. strconguiaiutzaen; but the habitat (on rocks) is different, the capsule is broader, peristome and leaves very different, &c. Notwitlhstanding sutch high autlhorities as Stullivant and Lindberg have persisted in confounding tlis species with 0. eupulatuem, I am compelled to consider it one of the most distinct, most constant in its characters and most readily determined species of the genus. All the forms of 0. czpulatlu have the leaves much broader, less revolute on the margin, with the upper cells smaller and more obscure and granulose, the basal cells much larger, not arranged in rows, and much more lhyaline ; capsuile less dis- tinctly and 8-i6-ribbed, (the ribs not colored,) usually more urceolate and more exserted, paler, with a miuclh longer, acute, sulcate collum, which tapers far down into the (sulcate) pedicel ; peristomal teeth usually of the same pale yellow color as the capsule, shorter anid broader, distinctly nodulose, geniculate anid uneven, much nmore closely and irregularly articulated below, more distantly, so above, and marked with vermicular strice (never punctulate) and with a more or less zigzag scarcely perforated medial line. The moutlh of the capsule is composed of about 12 rows of solid vertically nmuch com- pressed cells, an(l furnished witlh a dark colored rim. In 0. ,esceuriz this part of the capstule is not at all (or buit slightly) colored, and is composed of about 8 rows of muclh less solid cells. Very rarely there are present one or two extremely long and delicate filiform cili !

Orthotrichum Porteri, AUST. Musc. Appalach. n. i6i; 0. Peckii, 1. c n. I62.-O. CluplilactlUl, var. /3 Peckii et var. y Porteri, SulllJv. Icones Suppl. p. 6I.-O. Porteri et 0. cacai-eum, AuST. in litt. ad SULLIV., i869.

0. anowzalo proximum ; differt tamen caule breviore, capsula im- mersa vel subemersa multo breviore plerumque 8-striata, foliis magis

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342

hygroscopicis brtunni-eo-fuscescenitibus, peristomiii dentibus crebre puncttulato-striolatis.

On shadeless dry limestone rocks; tustually with a sotutlherly ex- posure, New Jerseyv; also Peninisylvania, Porter, New York, Peck, Georgia, .Rovenlel.

hIiis species, in the slape anid texture of the leaf, in the general form and texture of the (shorter) capsule, and in its peristome (with a ftagile membrane liniing the teetlh, &-c.,) is almost exactly like 0. aviolicz/iill. It is about the size of 0. _Lesciiril; from whiclh, how- ever, it is readily separated by its brown foliage ; by its darker colored narrower (often oblong) capsule acuLte at the base and some- what defluent into the stouter anld usually longer pedicel, and comi- posed of much smaller and more solid cells, the moutlh of a different structure, the uisually 8 (8-i6) ribs scarcely more deeply colored, narrower and less regular; by its browvn peristome composed of more solid less tiniform nodulose puinctate-striolate teetlh, whiclh are muclh more closely articulated at the base and less so towards the apex, anid lined by a fragile membrane; also by the broader and slhorter, more hygroscopic, more granLulose leaves, composed in the upper part of smaller and at the base of broader and ml-ore pellucid cells. Capsule uIsuLally not sulcate in tlhe collum (at tlhe base) wvhen moist.

0. eaniomttoluinil lhas the longer, much exserted capsule of a similar texture tlhroughlout and wvitlh a similar collum ; but tlhe peristomal teeth are vermiculose (not punctate)-striolate, with the strike botlh more distant and more distinct. In both species tlhe fragile inner membrane is often broken up, here and there, into quite well formed cili-e alternatin, witlh the teeth.

All the forms of 0. cu/putlatuim, incluLding 0. parvzulum from Colo- rado, have the capsule paler, its ribs more evicdlent and straighter when moist, thie collum more acute and deeply stulcate and taperingt, gradually into the pedicel, peristome different (paler and never lined witlh a mem-ilbrane), and leaves of a slightly different texture.

lTen years ago, I pointed out to Sullivant, the strong affinity of this species with 0. aniomtaluil, and cannot conceive whly hle shOuLld have considered it a form of 0. cuipidahtm.

Orthotrichum Hainesiae. n. sp.-Autoicum; plantTe mediocres, cespitoso-pulvinat-e superne sordide virides inferne fuscine ; caule parce diviso, foliis flexuosis subpatentibus siccitate vix mutatis elon- gato-lanceolatis subcariniatis pro more acutis, papillis longilsculis conspersis, margine revolutis, costa subpercurrente, cellulis s Lperiori- bu's mediocribus punctiformlibus fere rotundis discretis, basilaribus hauLd latioribus subseriatis ovalibus et auguste oblonigis hand pelluci- dis ; capsulla kevi vel obsolete striata siccitate cylindriacea hllumidi- tate obovato-cyllindrica in pedicello siccitate sulcato sensim defluiente lonigiuiscule exserta, ol)ercullo depresso-conico breviter rostellato, peristomiiii dentibus 8 erectis pallido-lUteis apice subtruncatis lmeviter subqUadrifidis ke-vibus obscurissime articulatis SuLbopacis, linea mIecli- ali valcle indistincte haud ad basin procedenlte notatis, ciliis 8 paulo longioribLIus subulato-linealibus, linea mediali obscure nctatis, spo-

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343

rangio fere a medio ad basin in pedicello anguste cylindrico con- stricto; calyptra anuusta parce pilosa vel fere nuda striato-plicata; flore masc. majusculo gemnmiformli tumido polyphyllo, anltheridiis breviter stipitatis, paraphysibus paucissimis.

Rocks, Colorado, Mrs. Mary P. Ha,iles. Readily distinguished by the lower half of tbe sporangium being

constricted into a narroT cylindrical pedicel. On accouint of tlhe leavTes being, scarcely changed in drying it has much the appearance of 0. lzuic/hel//zum ; which also has a similar but rather shorter and mlor-e tumid pedicel to the sporangiumi.-The forms of 0. specioszm hiave more hygroscopic leaves, but somewvhat similar in shape anid texture, capsule less exserted, a different sporangium, peristomal teeth reflexed when dry, cilia if6. &c.-O. 1bZemria/zi, is said to be de- void of cilia, &c.-O. Sul/ivaizli grows on trees, has peristome re- flexed when dry, leaves of a different texture, &-c.

Orthotrichum Yacouni. zz. sp.-Atutoicuim, robuisttum, late dense caespitosum; cespite lutescente inferne fusco, caule subunciali parce diviso, foliis siccitate erectis hurniditate strictiusculis subapertis ovato- lanceolatis acutissimis subcarinatis minute papillosis apice integer- rimis margine revolutis, costa subcontinua, reti perminuto obscure granuloso basilari pau llo latiore vix pelluicidiore ; capsula augustissime cylinldracea I vi p.allido-straminea in pedicello siccitate valde sulcato longe defluente longe exserta, peristomii dentibus i6 brevibus sub- ulatis siccitate erecto-in curvis pallidis hyalinis distincte 8-io-artic- ulatis minute granuloso-papillosis. Ciliis 8 dimidio brevioribus an- gustis, operculo longe apiculato, calyptra parce pilosa.

Rocks, Cascades, British Columbia, 1875, Macoz. Closely related to 0. Kiauzim, SULLIV.; but compared with a

specimen from Jamiies ex Herb. Lesqx. it differs as follows :--More robuist; leaves less erect, longer, less densely papillose, with the upper cells larger anid less granulose, the low-er ones much less en- larged anid in the older leaves not at all pellucid; capsule paler, nar- rower, exactly cylinldrical when moist (not obovate-cylindrical), &c. -Comnpared with the description and figures in icones Si/Api. P. 74, t. 55, the leaves are much more acute and of a more uniform text- ure thirouglhot,t, costa extending nearer to the apex; capsule not obovate when moist (cylindrical), the motuth not at all ampliated when dry, the teeth not punctulate but granulose, not brown but straw-colored.

Orthotrichum Rauei, z. sp.-O. specioso var. po/ycaylo (0. leio- car/urn, HEDW.) peraffine ; differt tamen statiira minore, capsula magis exserta, peristomii dentibus erectis vel subpatentibus pellticidis distincte artictulatis magis divisis, ciliis octonis ( semper ? ) quaam den- tibuis longioribuis.

Colorado, Bauzidegee (Raz). MAale flower gemmiform, axillary. Capsule more or less distinctly

8 striate at both tlhe base and apex when dry, more exserted than in aniy form-n of 0. sp5eciosuln, the teeth closely and distinctly articulated.

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8344

Orthotrichum fallax, SWARTZ, Var. truncatulum, Ausvr.-Rece- dit a forma typica, foliis apice sa-pius hyalino-apiculatis, capsula augustiore oblonga siceitate cylindrica tota longitudine constrieta latius costata basi truncatula, peristomii ciliis dentibus equilongis, etc.

Base of old buildings, Illinois, al/: rare. Male flower terminal on a stem-like branchl; antheridia small,

long-stipitate, eparaphysate (always ?)-Readily distinguished from tlhe typical 0. flac/x, (wlhiclh is given in AfIusc. AJalIlacl2, under the name of 0. puniilluli,) by the base of the capsule being truncate and not inflated when dry.

Dicranum flagellare, HEDW. Var. subfluitans, AUST.-Foliorum forma et textura normalis ; differt tamen- caule sutbfluLitante elongato gracili stubflexuoso simplici vel stubramoso, foliis dissitioribus.

In depressions on the surface of flat rocks on the top of Shawan- gunk (Sholuzgum) MIountain, at Sams Point, Nev York. Sterile.

Dicranum longifolium, HEDW., Var. strictius, AuST. Differt a forma normali, catule lonigiore rigidiore subfluitante

teretiusctulo leniter flexuoso, foliis brevioribLus erectis stubappressis fere strictis.

WVitlh the preceding

Dicranella Schreberi, HEDW., Var. occidentale, Ausr. Recedit a fornma normali, foliis sxpe integerrimis, cellulis dimidio

an gust orl 5. Portland, Oregon, AZevius. 'T'lhe moss referred to Cynotlo;iiiim CGaiwiense, MiTT., by me in

1Bot. Gazette, Vol. II, p. 96, is also a form of D. Sch/ieberi, and near tlhis variety, btut the cells are more lax.-Dician/1uv, Jfacouni, Aust., 1. c. is a more lax form of D. elolng,-a/umn, SCHWGR. DZiclYaliiodO/lt?i//I/

nt11 /um, JAMES, is a form of D. longijoiium.

? 34S. On the Fertilization of Euiphorbia (Poinsettia) pulcher- rima.-The whorl of brilliant scarlet bracts, to whiclh tbis plant owes its beauity in tlhe flowering season, is evidently designed to attract insects from a distance to the inconspicuous flowver cluster which it surrotunds. WVithlin tlhis whorl the flowers are grouped in a number of involucrate cltusters, eaclh of wvhich conlsists of cenitral pistillate, anid a considerable iiunuber of staminate flowers. Each of these flowers is a single organ wvith a pedicel and subtending scale. On the outside anid near the top of each involucre is a very large yellowT nectary in whliclh nectar is freely secretcd. A very fewv of these cltusters have their pistillate flowers perfect to the eye, but in the greater nuim)ber they are quite abortive or, where ex- ternally perfect, their ovtules do not seem to be developed. WVIhen a cluster becomes mature its gland begins to secrete, and its pistil, if not entirely abortive, protrudes, expandinig its three slightly forked stigmias, which are now in a receptive condition. Thlis state appa- rently lasts but a fewv days, after wlich one Or two stamens are ex-

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