Bryophytes – mosses, liverworts & hornworts

Evolutionary innovation – waxy cuticle

Seedless Vascular plants – lychophytes, horsetails & ferns

Fern Lifecycle

Modified Leaves

Figure 20.9

Leaf Structure

Figure 20.4

Angiosperms – flowering plants

Figure 20.12

Figure 20.13

Figure 20.04

Figure 21.11

Choanoflagellates

Fig. 22-5, p.356

sponges cnidarians echinodermsflatworms annelids mollusks roundworms arthropods chordates

multicelled body

radial ancestry, two germ layers

true tissues

coelom lostcoelom reduced pseudocoel

coelom reduced

moltingPROTOSTOMES

mouth from blastopore

bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers

DEUTEROSOMESanus from blastopore

Fig. 22-6a, p.357

Fig. 22-6b, p.357

Fig. 22-6c, p.357

section through body wall:

glasslike structuralelements

amoeboid cell

pore

semifluid matrix

flattened surface cellscollar cell with a

central flagellum ringed by microvilli

Fig. 22-5, p.356

sponges cnidarians echinodermsflatworms annelids mollusks roundworms arthropods chordates

multicelled body

radial ancestry, two germ layers

true tissues

coelom lostcoelom reduced pseudocoel

coelom reduced

moltingPROTOSTOMES

mouth from blastopore

bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers

DEUTEROSOMESanus from blastopore

p.352a

Fig. 22-7, p.358

lid

capsule's trigger (modified cilium)

barbed thread in capsule

barbs ondischargedthreadexposed

nematocyst (capsule at free surface of epidermal cell)

Fig. 22-8a, p.358

outer epithelium (epidermis)

mesoglea (matrix)

inner epithelium (gastrodermis)

Fig. 22-8c, p.358

mesoglea-filled bell

tentacles

Fig. 22-8d, p.358

Fig. 22-9, p.359

reproductive polyp

female medusa male medusa

ovum sperm

zygote

planulapolypforming

branchingone branch

from amature colony

feedingpolyp

Fig. 22-5, p.356

sponges cnidarians echinodermsflatworms annelids mollusks roundworms arthropods chordates

multicelled body

radial ancestry, two germ layers

true tissues

coelom lostcoelom reduced pseudocoel

coelom reduced

moltingPROTOSTOMES

mouth from blastopore

bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers

DEUTEROSOMESanus from blastopore

Fig. 22-3a, p.355

epidermis gutcavity

organs packed betweengut and body wall

No coelom(acoelomateanimals)

Fig. 22-10, p.360

pharynx (protruded)

protonephridia

brainnerve cord

genital poreoviducttestisovary

penis

flame cell nucleuscilia

fluid filters through membrane folds

flame cell

opening of tubule at body surface

a Larvae, each with inverted scolex of future tapeworm, become encysted in intermediate host tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle)

b A human, a definitive host, eats infected, undercooked beef (mainly skeletal muscle)

proglottids

c Each sexually mature proglottid has female and male organs. Ripe proglottids containing fertilized eggs leave host in feces, which may contaminate water and vegetation.

d Inside each fertilized egg, an embryonic, larval form develops. Cattle may ingest embryonated eggs or ripe proglottids, and so become intermediate hosts

Fig. 22-11, p.361

scolex

Fig. 22-5, p.356

sponges cnidarians echinodermsflatworms annelids mollusks roundworms arthropods chordates

multicelled body

radial ancestry, two germ layers

true tissues

coelom lostcoelom reduced pseudocoel

coelom reduced

moltingPROTOSTOMES

mouth from blastopore

bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers

DEUTEROSOMESanus from blastopore

Fig. 22-13c, p.362

Fig. 22-5, p.356

sponges cnidarians echinodermsflatworms annelids mollusks roundworms arthropods chordates

multicelled body

radial ancestry, two germ layers

true tissues

coelom lostcoelom reduced pseudocoel

coelom reduced

moltingPROTOSTOMES

mouth from blastopore

bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers

DEUTEROSOMESanus from blastopore

Fig. 22-3b, p.355

epidermis

gutcavity

unlined body cavity around gut

Pseudocoel(pseudocoelomateanimals)

Fig. 22-5, p.356

sponges cnidarians echinodermsflatworms annelids mollusks roundworms arthropods chordates

multicelled body

radial ancestry, two germ layers

true tissues

coelom lostcoelom reduced pseudocoel

coelom reduced

moltingPROTOSTOMES

mouth from blastopore

bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers

DEUTEROSOMESanus from blastopore

Echinodermata

Figure 19.26

Fig. 22-3c, p.355

epidermis

gutcavity

peritoneumbody cavity with lining thatholds internal organs in place

Coelom(coelomateanimals)