BS2000 Chapter 4 Database systems and openUTM -...

Scope BS2000 – Chapter 4 Database systems and openUTM

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BS2000 Chapter 4 Database systems and openUTM

The BS2000 database systems and the transaction processing platform openUTM stand out for their high performance and scalability. In order to meet increasing customer requirements they are constantly being further developed.

Contents

Introduction 2 4.1 Overview 2 4.2 openUTM – high-end transaction middleware 2

4.2.1 Scope of openUTM 2 4.2.2 Availability, security and autonomic operation 4 4.2.3 OLTP power 4 4.2.4 Innovations and developments 4

4.3 BS2000 SESAM/SQL-Server relational database system 6 4.3.1 Connectivity/SOA 6 4.3.2 Business continuity 7 4.3.3 Manageability 7 4.3.4 Autonomic computing 7 4.3.5 OLTP power and scalability 8 4.3.6 Ausblick 9

4.4 BS2000 UDS/SQL network database system 10 4.4.1 Stepping up the power of OLTP 10 4.4.2 Business continuity 11 4.4.3 Openness and integration 11 4.4.4 Autonomic systems features 11 4.4.5 Future 11

4.5 Oracle cross-platform database system 12 4.5.1 Integrating Oracle Database into the BS2000 landscape 12 4.5.2 Oracle Database on the BS2000 hardware platforms 12 4.5.3 Oracle Database features and acknowledged strengths 13 4.5.4. Achieve business value in a quarter of the time 14



Introduction The data and application servers used for mission-critical processes have to meet the most stringent of business-critical computing requirements: online shops are open for business around the clock worldwide and demand system components that are absolutely reliable and permanently available. Data and application servers have to be able to manage enormously variable load profiles. Companies seek performance and scalability to help them react flexibly to unpredictable access patterns and data volumes. These are the very strengths that set BS2000 database systems and the openUTM transaction processing platform apart. To fit the increasing requirements from customers the BS2000 database systems and openUTM are enhanced continuously. 4.1 Overview Database systems or DBMS (Database Management Systems) serve to store and analyze corporate information, while application servers or transaction processing platforms coordinate the large numbers of users who share access to common data resources. These two components work together to enable high-performance, reliable and cost-effective use of OLTP applications on server systems. Fujitsu offers the openUTM transaction processing platform as a common standard for all server platforms. openUTM provides open program interfaces that allow the applications to be ported to operating systems offered by Fujitsu Technology Solutions as well as a wide range of other operating systems. openUTM uses standard protocols that permit interoperability between multiple system platforms and an extremely wide range of different communication partners. openUTM, can consequently be used in a broad spectrum of con-figurations. The mature technology of openUTM is used by various innovative products in the openSEAS suite (see Chapter 2). Fujitsu offers the following database products for BS2000: SESAM/SQL-Server, the highly scalable BS2000 relational database server UDS/SQL, the high-performance database system for hierarchical and networked data structures in BS2000 Oracle, the object-relational database system for all Fujitsu Technology Solutions server platforms Fujitsu also offers the transaction-based file system LEASY, which can also serve as the basis for OLTP applications. Other DBMS from software vendors can also be used in BS2000. Examples include the Software AG product ADABAS-C and CA-IDMS from Computer Associates. Database installations in BS2000 usually also use the openUTM transaction monitor. Most of these applications are accessed from the web. 4.2 openUTM – high-end transaction middleware A comprehensive transaction processing platform, openUTM offers all the options users need to design and deploy transaction-based OLTP applications and additionally provides the functionality of a full message queuing system. openUTM is characterized by the following features: openUTM takes control of global transactions, optimizes the use of system resources (working memory, CPU, etc.), handles the management

of parallel access operations and looks after access and admission controls, the setting up of network connections and much more. openUTM constitutes a secure, reliable and efficient framework for multilayer client/server architectures. openUTM is also suitable for application scenarios that are beyond the capabilities of other OLTP systems. Originally conceived for use in the

mainframe field to support enterprise-wide applications, openUTM today serves in open, heterogeneous IT infrastructures as the basis for innovative client/server and web solutions including the PC world and e-business over the internet.

openUTM enables autonomic operation of complex IT installations through its availability, security and reliability features. 4.2.1 Scope of openUTM The openUTM product family offers a complete framework for the realization of distributed applications. The open interfaces and protocols, which are the same across different hardware and operating system platforms, mean that users have only to pursue a single line of develop-ment for all systems. Communication proceeds via standard program interfaces (KDCS as per DIN 66265, XATMI, CPI-C and Tx as per Open Group, etc.), so application programmers do not have to worry about the complexity of the communication functions. openUTM ensures that the cus-tomer receives the latest state-of-the-art technology combined with the backing of many years of experience with the more than 5,000 openUTM server installations completed in the high-end OLTP area. openUTM will continue to combine proven OLTP security, reliability and quality with constant innovation to ensure that all users learn to enjoy a high level of independence and investment protection. The openUTM family includes servers and client modules. openUTM servers and clients are able to communicate with each other across a range of machines with a variety of different hardware and software platforms. Access to different database systems (including, of course, within a transaction) is also supported. openUTM uses the XA interface defined by the Open Group for this purpose. Web access for existing openUTM applications is established in simple and straightforward fashion by WebTransactions (see Chapter 2).



Figure 1: Scope of openUTM



4.2.2 Availability, security and autonomic operation openUTM makes it possible to operate complex distributed heterogeneous applications including cluster applications with high throughput rates and offers mechanisms that are essential for high availability and restart. The relevant processing results are displayed in dialog-based applications using a suitable browser either on a PC or in an internet/intranet solution. If problems arise with the server application, they should be resolved transparently from the perspective of the user, who should be able to resume processing at exactly the point at which it was interrupted. This means in practice that a failure and subsequent restart must not leave the user wondering whether his or her request has been processed or lost. It is consequently extremely important to extend high availability to include the client level. One of the distinguishing features of openUTM is the fact that it allows clients to be included in the universal restart. This enables a client to phase itself back in to an interrupted processing operation consistently following a restart. This is an essential and unique selling point of openUTM. openUTM also targets uninterrupted administration, seeking to provide dynamic administration that allows administrators to conduct everything from user administration tasks to installations of new or modified programs during ongoing normal operation. openUTM includes an integral security concept including access rights administration and checking and auditing. Access authorization can be issued with a very high degree of specificity: access may be provided to an entire application (including the associated data resources) or to specific processes within an application and may be limited to specific users or specific clients. Clients often access openUTM services from open networks; this entails a risk of unauthorized persons eavesdropping on the connection and acquiring passwords for openUTM user IDs, for example, or other sensitive user data. openUTM supports encryption of passwords and user data for client connections to counter this threat. The WinAdmin graphical user interface simplifies the generation and administration of openUTM applications considerably. The availability and security features of openUTM enable and provide highly effective support for the autonomic operation of complex IT installations. 4.2.3 OLTP power Synchronous messaging is obviously essential. Secure and reliable asynchronous messaging (message queuing) between instances of one or more applications is, however, equally indispensable for transaction-based processing with a time-delayed component such as can be used to improve throughput at peak loading, model workflows and introduce time-controlled processing. The integration of message queuing function-ality in combination with synchronous OLTP is one of the strengths of openUTM. Another area in which openUTM stands out is transaction models: as well as the usual flat models and nested transactions, openUTM also supports chained transactions or ‘conversations’. 4.2.4 Innovations and developments openUTM applications may be integrated into an environment based on Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) with complete transaction security. The connection to Java EE applications is implemented with the JCA adapter family Bean Connect. It enables users to deploy the object-oriented Java language and the Enterprise JavaBeans component technology to realize the server components of their business-critical applications. Users are thus able to exploit the benefits of Java technology to create high-quality flexible, robust and portable server components in short order for any platform using the Java language (see Chapter 2). openUTM provides a tool offering a convenient method of making program units of a UTM application available as Web services.



Other highlights among recent developments: Cluster support openUTM offers cluster support. Instead of a stand-alone application several identical copies of a UTM application in a multiple computer con-figuration can be consolidated to form a UTM-cluster application. UTM cluster applications afford better SLAs and dynamic load balancing: Load driven use of resources: Easy adaption of IT power to the load. This is of great worth when the load is extremely varying from day to night,

from working days to weekend, or when special applications run for a certain time. Online maintenance (hardware support, software update/-upgrade) Service availability even in case of application failure and conflicts requiring a restart or even a new creation of the application Smart transition from stand-alone applications to cluster even for applications which are cluster-technologically sophisticated, e.g. using

global UTM storage areas (GSSB and ULS). Cluster support even for dialog services which require restart: dialog services which are generated using "RESTART=YES" can be continued on

another node. Node recovery for the removal of locks in failed nodes. Administration via Internet browser The web-based tool openUTM WebAdmin can be used e.g. for emergency standby and remote administration. Winadmin The graphical administration workplace WinAdmin will be reimplemented in Java technology and will be functionally enhanced. openSM2 support on Solaris and Linux systems Similar to BS2000 systems it is now possible on Solaris und Linux systems to have the affected data from openUTM applications evaluated by openSM2. 64-bit capability To make full use of the power of Unix and Linux-based systems openUTM is available in 64-bit mode for these platforms.



4.3 BS2000 SESAM/SQL-Server relational database system SESAM/SQL-Server, the advanced SQL Server for BS2000, combines the strengths of the relational model with all of the features expected for business-critical online applications. Data can be queried and edited using the relational database language SQL (Structured Query Language), which meets the ISO SQL standard 2008 and can be accessed from the BS2000, UNIX and Windows-based platforms and via browsers. SESAM/SQL-Server supports embedded SQL, ODBC and JDBC interfaces. The Apache web server provides a dedicated interface for SESAM/SQL-Server. Multimedia data content and XML documents are administered in BLOBs (Binary Large Objects) of up to 2 GB in size. Special techniques (multitask and multithread processes, database cache, group commit and asynchronous commit processes, data compression) ensure optimal performance and scalability. A highly efficient multitask process ensures 1:1 scaling in multiprocessor operation. Outstanding availability characteristics provide reliable 24-hour operation. Effective autonomic systems features, such as self-managing access plans, automatic adjustment to different work-loads and automatic expansion of the database boundaries if required, keep database administration simple and thereby minimize operating costs. SESAM/SQL-Server, moreover, operates in full synchronicity with openUTM, so the restart after a break in operation is automatically synchronized between the two systems and data consistency is assured. There are a lot of examples for that excellent performance (see table of previous chapter) where thousands of users access data servers simultaneously. SESAM/SQL-Server and BS2000 together constitute the cost-effective high-performance data server for mission-critical e-business solutions. SESAM/SQL-Server demonstrates its capabilities in business- critical computing every day at customers such as the German Federal Motor Transport Authority (KBA), the Swedish employment office or the Czech insurance pension administration. The following overview introduces some of the features of releases 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 of BS2000 SESAM/SQL-Server. 4.3.1 Connectivity/SOA In addition to usage by application programs in BS2000, which normally use the transaction monitor openUTM, SESAM/SQL offers various other options for direct data exchange with other applications and systems: APACHE web server The APACHE web server in BS2000 has its own connection for SESAM/SQL. This enables data from SESAM/SQL databases to be made accessible - on PCs and on smartphones - without any particular client-side installation via a web browser. JDBC interface SESAM/SQL provides a JDBC driver (Java Database Connectivity), via which it is possible to communicate with the database via the JDBC interface JCBC 4.0 using the application programs written in Java. This driver can run on every platform with a Java runtime system. Possible usage sce-narios range from a simple graphical database browser, Java development environments and Java applets in browsers right through to ful-ly-fledged server application. In preparation: ADO.NET interface ADO.NET is part of the NET platform from Microsoft and offers access to databases in a similar way to the JDBC interface with Java for this runtime environment. Support for SESAM/SQL is at the development stage. Portable data formats SESAM/SQL offers comprehensive support for data in CSV format (Comma Separated Values) for import and export and direct read through speci-fication in the FROM clause. The format is easy to machine process on all platforms, also without database software and can in the case of small data quantities even be read by people. It is also a convenient exchange format, both with desktop software (text processing, table calculation) and other database applications, to which there is no online connection. The interfaces WebRowSet and SQLXML, with whose help data from the database in the form of a standardized XML document can be read and changed by the Java application, are also available via the JDBC interface. Thanks to Unicode support and the option of converting character encoding between UTFE (the EBCDIC version) and UTF-16 it is also possible to save and process texts with international characters.



4.3.2 Business continuity One of the most important requirements of business-critical computing is uninterrupted operation. SESAM/SQL-Server delivers optimal reliability and availability for online shops, which have to remain open around the clock and around the world. Online data definition and online utilities, replicas, shadow database processes and largely autonomic system behavior ensure operation 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. EMC’s TimeFinder software supports the use of mirror disks from EMC (Business Continuance Volumes, BCV) for database repair. This removes the need for backup runs and means that users can rely absolutely on having the right backup copy available at the right time. Configuration change without operational interruption Reorganizing tables can be carried out in parallel to ongoing database operation. As part of a dynamic reconfiguration it is possible to change options and also reload the coding of the DHB large-scale modules so that software corrections can also be installed without any operational interruption. Likewise, partition boundaries can be dynamically changed as well as partitions added and deleted. This also enables a fast transi-tion from a non-partitioned table to a partitioned table and vice versa. The statement PREPARE-FOREIGN-COPY is used to close a catalog logically and physically without disabling the corresponding buffer contents and without initiating the deletion of the dummy record. External copies which presume the physical closing of files (e.g. SNAPs) are thus possi-ble in this status. 4.3.3 Manageability Convenience of administration is particularly important in respect of the extensive and growing processing volumes thrown up by large database applications. SESAM/SQL-Server provides numerous functions to support administration. Everything the administrator needs, from performance and utility monitors to a toolbox with example procedures, templates and special administration tools, is included in SESAM/SQL-Server. The administration package is a standard component of SESAM/SQL-Server. Data protection and data security The data values of selected columns can be stored in encrypted form using the standard AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm. This means that particularly security-sensitive data can be encrypted without the need to include the entire database in the encryption process. For this purpose SESAM/SQL provides the SQL string functions ENCRYPT and DECRYPT, which can be used to encrypt and decrypt any character expressions. To protect personal data the database of a SESAM/SQL table can be changed in such a way that no conclusions can be drawn regarding the original context. Thus, the range of values and frequency distribution of the values remain unchanged. In this way, meaningful test data, which corresponds to the provisions of the data protection act, can also be generated. Controlling and monitoring The performance monitor SESMON collects data about the ongoing database operation and outputs this via screen masks, in printer lists, in file form or to a management platform. Data from the performance monitor SESMON can also be transferred to the BS2000 performance monitor openSM2 (from V8.0) and presented there in a separate report group or graphically enhanced with the component INSPECTOR. Lock situations, which can result in faults in application operations, are made available in a view within the SYS_INFO_SCHEMA, which displays the last lock conflicts for the user to analyze. The use of the BS2000 function Mail-Sender, which is available as of interNet services V3.2, is offered in SESAM/SQL V7.0. It is thus possible to send the DBH or service task protocol as mail. Furthermore, selected MSG7 messages can be sent directly without delay. 4.3.4 Autonomic computing The autonomic system behavior of SESAM/SQL-Server reduces complexity for database administrators and eliminates much of the work involved in routine system administration tasks, error avoidance and rectification, adapting to changing load profiles and countering intrusion attempts. System administration can, according to a report from the Aberdeen Group, account for 75% of the total operating cost of an enterprise database system. Autonomic system behavior is thus the critical factor in determining the cost-effectiveness of an enterprise database system. SESAM/SQL-Server is well ahead of comparable database systems in terms of autonomic system behavior and several orders of magnitude less expensive as regards database administration costs.



A typical example: A major user operates applications with SESAM/SQL-Server on BS2000 and comparably complex applications with the data-base system of another mainframe vendor. SESAM/SQL-Server requires 1.5 database administrators and the other database system requires six database administrators. This outstanding cost-effectiveness is the result of powerful autonomic system features with, for example, self-managing access plans, automatic adjustment to different workloads and automatic extension of the database boundaries as required. SESAM/SQL also provides self-configuring as an additional self-management functionality: SESAM ONLINE Backup with HSMS / Concurrent Copy with BCV The mutually coordinated collaboration between SESAM/SQL, HSMS and the EMC’s BCV technology is an impressive example of self-configuring. It shows clearly how the complexity of IT systems can be efficiently managed and added value created through reduced complexity. The increasing size of data resources, the growing number of users, and the trend toward round-the-clock operation is presenting many companies with this logistical challenge: it takes longer and longer to produce the database copy in the case of large databases; at the same time the time window in which maintenance and backup work can be carried out without disrupting end users is shrinking. With SESAM/SQL-Server and HSMS, backup work can be carried out fully automatically with no disruption to online operation. Users no longer have to struggle with the logistical problems of narrow time windows and need not concern themselves with coordinating the software and peripheral components involved. The database administrator only has to initiate execution of a single COPY statement to back up BCV mirrors to an HSMS archive. This causes SESAM to copy the required database online in collaboration with HSMS, by means of a BCV mirror. After a change in ongoing operation the current values of the DBH options can be saved with a new administration statement. The saved values are automatically read and used during the next DBH start. 4.3.5 OLTP power and scalability Scalability is one of the key factors in the data center. Companies need the flexibility to expand existing installations incrementally in response to unexpected loading peaks. This is only possible with highly scalable data servers. SESAM/SQL-Server Enterprise Edition scales excellently on all BS2000 multiprocessor systems. The database handler (DBH) can be started in multiple tasks (multitasking). The administrator has a single system image and need not worry about load distribution, as this is managed dynamically by the system itself. Evaluation of a variety of benchmarks has clearly demonstrated that combining n multiples of processor performance really does deliver n mul-tiples of database system performance. The full power of the multiprocessor machine, in other words, is effectively utilized. Multitasking handles increased loads in database applications easily in all contexts, from dealing with load spikes on an existing multiprocessor system and utilizing the Capacity on Demand feature, to hardware upgrades that add new processors. The increasing load on the DBH is automatically distributed to additional processors without any need for complex data splitting or time-consuming recalibration of the database system parameters..

1:1 scaling with multiprocessor performance

Balancing load peaks, e.g. for

end-of-month audits

Automatic load balancing, e.g. for

„Capacity on Demand"



Optimization for SPARC and X86 Performance optimization specifically geared to SX systems (based on SPARC architecture) is achieved using a system-level code (Asstran compilation). This delivers a performance increase of between 5 and 10% in in-house laboratory benchmarks. Needless to say, this SX variant of SESAM/SQL possesses the same set of functions as the /390 line and, like the /390 line, scales in multitasking operation on multiprocessor systems linearly with the growing multiprocessor performance. For SQ systems the same performance optimization is available. Large I/O transfer lengths SESAM/SQL has used a 32KB I/O transfer length hitherto. Now 64 – 160 KB are possible depending on the disk types. The enlarged I/O transfer lengths are used by SESAM/SQL for disk file copies. This results in a significant reduction of the times needed for copying disk files. OSD or higher V5.0C and public disks are needed as prerequisites. Short response times with 64-bit main storage database The 64-bit main storage database can keep large databases resident in memory. Technically, the 64-bit main storage database is implemented using 64-bit-addressed dataspaces. In the first stage, 64-bit addressing for the secondary data buffer was implemented for V4.0. In the second stage, in V6.0, 64-bit addressing is being extended to the primary data buffer. Performance optimization The database system is only allowed to execute an SQL statement provided this does not violate the defined foreign key relationships. An opti-mized locking strategy significantly reduces the lock conflicts that can arise when executing an Insert with Value clause on a table containing foreign keys. A new concept for user table organization in the UTM memory pool provides substantially improved performance and savings in terms of user table reorganization runs, particularly for openUTM applications with short conversations. Spaces up to a size of 4 TB are now supported with SESAM/SQL V7.0. 4.3.6 Outlook The current IT trends, in particular the presentation of services as Internet services ("as a Service"), and the performance status of today's mobile devices (smartphones, tablets) are new challenges for the integration ability and usability of mainframe databases. With its resolute orientation to the SQL standard as the query language, to the standard JDBC as a portable program interface and to the connectivity of BS2000 in TCP/IP networks SESAM/SQL is already prepared for cross-platform integration. The present development of SESAM/SQL will add more aspects to this integration ability: As an alternative to the JDBC interfaces the provision of an ADO.NET component to access SESAM/SQL databases is also at the preparation stage. This will enable the direct use of data from SESAM/SQL in an application on a .NET basis. However, it is also decisive for successful integration of SESAM/SQL databases in applications from the open world for the database and the run-ning of business-critical applications not to be endangered by malicious or incorrect use of these programming interfaces. For this purpose, we plan to create an option for the database manager so that he/she can define the permitted SQL statements in detail him/herself. From a tech-nical viewpoint, this will be implemented as part of the SQL standard through the support of so-called stored procedures, which will be able to find other applications apart from fine-grained rights administration.



4.4 BS2000 UDS/SQL network database system BS2000 UDS/SQL is a mature, universally deployable high-performance database system which is based on the CODASYL network model. The strengths of UDS/SQL are its proven high performance in OLTP operation. Additionally an SQL interface is offered, which provides a relational view of the network structures and thus allows client applications access via Microsoft’s ODBC interface. UDS/SQL is available for all BS2000 business servers and can be used as a data server in heterogeneous system environments. Key sectors for UDS/SQL include insurance, utilities, industrial and com-mercial companies, IT service providers and national and municipal authorities. Relational database management systems (RDBMS) have made major inroads into the database systems market as systems have grown more powerful and the hardware price-performance ratio has improved. Non-relational database systems, however, are still widespread and the network data structure and ability to specify access at compile time enable optimizations that are impossible with relational systems. Mission-critical applications are often based on systems of this type, so it is in the common interest of users and vendors to continue to develop non-relational systems and keep them in step with market requirements. UDS/SQL accordingly forms an integral part of the long-term online transaction processing (OLTP) strategy at Fujitsu Technology Solutions and remains a central component of the product range to meet both current and future IT system environment requirements. UDS/SQL works closely with openUTM to ensure the consistency of data resources. The transactions of the two systems are synchronized and a synchronized restart is carried out after any break in operation. 4.4.1 Stepping up the power of OLTP Outstanding performance characteristics and extensive tuning options are a particular strength of UDS/SQL: Performance can be improved by means of internal optimizations in UDS/SQL. Search queries, for example, can be improved by optimizing the

search algorithm and using the compound keys. Maximum performance can be achieved using multithreading processes and database cache techniques. Refined multitasking processes yield virtually linear scaling in multiprocessor operation. The prominent UDS/SQL feature of Multi Database Operation allows you to separate large data databases into many autonomous consistent

units, for a more flexible handling and saving of resources such as for backup activities. The process of changing data structures is speeded up and requires less disk space, because with the BALTER utility it is only necessary to back

up those realms actually affected by the change. The restructuring functions were enhanced by simple renaming in the metadata, which execute very quickly. Preventive consistency checks by means of features of up to date storage technologies yield quick results even for large databases. The power of OLTP is further boosted by shared user buffer pools. UDS/SQL allows the definition of exclusive buffer pools (user buffer pools) for

individual databases in a multiple database session. These user buffer pools are created in addition to the system buffer pools and used ex-clusively for buffering on the part of the database concerned. It is possible to define one and the same buffer pool (shared user buffer pool) for multiple databases.

UDS/SQL permits database realm sizes of up to 128 GB, a feature that takes advantage of BS2000 support for files in excess of 32 GB.



The use of the DCAM access method enables free choice of HW components and net protocols (e.g. TCP/IP) for distributed transaction processing with UDS-D.

4.4.2 Business continuity Uninterrupted operation is a critical requirement for OLTP application users. UDS/SQL already offers a high level of reliability and availability and supports features of up-to-date storage technology, e.g. EMC’s TimeFinder functionality, which saves on backup runs and ensures that database copies are always available when required. Further improvements in availability are: When there is lack of space the realms can be extended using the database handler online and using utilities automatically without inter-

rupting service. The DBTT tables (a central UDS table for converting logical addresses to physical addresses) can be extended online without interrupting service if necessary.

The new utility ONLINE-UTILITY in BS2000 UDS/SQL V2.6 software allows you to move records online and to store them condensed. New records can be stored while influencing the storage strategy towards a better utilization of the database pages. Thus ONLINE-UTILITY provides the functionality of the utilities BREORG, BOUTLOAD/BINILOAD and BMODTT during the ongoing database session.

The utility ONLINE-PRIVACY makes it possible to change the allocation of rights for a database during the current database session. ONLINE-PRIVACY provides all the functions of the BPRIVACY utility.

The UDS monitor of UDS/SQL as of V2.6 provides significantly enhanced possibilities for session monitoring, allowing analyses serving to caution in advance.

The automation options have been extended in UDS/SQL as of V2.5 with new database job variables that are automatically supplied by the database handler and utility routines, and by additional information in the session job variables.

Wait strategies in UDS/SQL as of V2.4 reduce unnecessary waiting times. 4.4.3 Openness and integration Customers are increasingly favoring internationally available standard products when looking to introduce and utilize new trends and opportuni-ties in information technology. Fujitsu Technology Solutions made UDS/SQL a central plank of its long-term OLTP strategy, thereby ensuring that we will continue to be able to meet the challenges that arise as the technology develops and turn them to our customers’ advantage. Innovation and investment protection in homogeneous and heterogeneous IT environments are thus assured: Integration of UDS/SQL applications with openSEAS

With openSEAS and Oracle Fusion Middleware Fujitsu offers a comprehensive product suite for application innovation: WebTransactions makes it possible to integrate UDS/SQL applications and data into the internet or an intranet/extranet without having to change the applications. The grid-enabled J2EE application servers from Oracle offer a complete set of middleware services for the use and management of applications and web services, for the provision of personalized applications in portals and on portable devices as well as for controlling and automation of business processes (Enterprise Application Integration). The standard compliant JCA adapters of BeanConnect provide connectivity towards UDS/SQL applications based on the TP monitor openUTM.

UDS/SQL as of 2.6 allows you to edit and to present graphically the session data of the UDS monitor via openSM2 INSPECTOR. The rule-based analysis of the session data in the INSPECTOR enables automated actions, e.g. by alerts in special situations.

Integration of UDS/SQL with the PC using remote access via ODBC Windows applications can communicate with UDS/SQL databases via ODBC using the partner product ODBC-Rocket from the company gfs in Hamburg. ODBC-Rocket provides an ODBC interface for UDS/SQL as well as for SESAM/SQL-Server, LEASY and ISAM.

Utilities in UDS/SQL V2.4 will additionally output their results in CSV format, which is suitable for subsequent processing in generally available evaluation tools such as Excel.

4.4.4 Autonomic systems features UDS/SQL possesses features counted among the characteristics of autonomic systems: The system configures the default settings intelligently on the basis of other configuration parameters (self-configuring). The system manages transitory communication breaks in distributed processing automatically and there is no need for the administrator to

intervene. Reconstruction tools supply information about logging files and a basis for automated database repair jobs in the event of a database becoming defective (self-healing).

An optimizer independently selects the most expedient access paths and strategies. Database boundaries can be extended automatically if required. The UDS/SQL DBH always matches its search strategy to the prevailing conditions at the time of execution in order to prevent recovery commands becoming long-runners and blocking other jobs. A multitask/multithread architecture ensures dynamic adaptation to fluctuating workloads (self-optimizing).

4.4.5 Future Focal points of the future development of UDS/SQL continue to include the areas of high availability, easy and secure administration and en-hanced diagnostic support.



4.5 Oracle cross-platform database system It is very important not only to offer products developed in-house, but also to be able to incorporate supplementary products from important partners in comprehensive solutions. There has been an agreement on long-term strategic partnership between Fujitsu Technology Solutions and world database market leader Oracle Corporation for many years. Based on a partner contract, Fujitsu markets the Oracle database system and the other Oracle Technology Products including Oracle Fusion Middleware. Oracle Database is available on all server platforms and all major platforms from other vendors and consequently occupies a position in Fujitsu’s database strategy as the platform-independent database. Oracle Database runs on Fujitsu systems in many thousands of installations. Very large OLTP applications supporting several thousands of users run on BS2000 systems. The BS2000 system in these installations often plays the role of the data server accessed from workplace systems via application servers on Unix, Linux or Windows-based systems. Fujitsu is porting Oracle Database to BS2000 in close consultation with Oracle Corporation. The porting for all other platforms is carried out by Oracle Corporation, but Fujitsu prefers to do the work itself for BS2000 in order to ensure that Oracle makes optimal use of the features and capabilities of BS2000. The current market version in BS2000 is Oracle Database 11g Release 2. Work is ongoing on the migration of Oracle Database 12c to BS2000. 4.5.1 Integrating Oracle Database into the BS2000 landscape Oracle Database is integrated fully into the BS2000 product range and not just at operating system level: openUTM is used as transaction processing platform in all larger Oracle Database installations with BS2000. Oracle Database works closely with openUTM to ensure the consistency of data resources. If a machine crashes, Oracle Database and openUTM are restarted synchronously. The internet connection of Oracle Database in BS2000 can be enabled using the BS2000 Apache web server. 4.5.2 Oracle Database on the BS2000 hardware platforms The current version of Oracle Database 11g Release 2 is available on machines of the S series (based on /390 architecture), SX series (based on SPARC architecture) and SQ series (based on Intel architecture). Native Intel porting, which provides the user with significant performance ad-vantages, exists for the SQ series.

Figure 2: BS2000, Apache and Oracle



4.5.3 Oracle Database features and acknowledged strengths Oracle Database is largely responsible for establishing the relational data model in the market and is as a result the market leader both in mar-ket share and technology. Oracle Database has also incorporated numerous object-oriented features that extend beyond the relational data model into its functionality. Object types were created along the way and it also became possible to execute parallel queries on object tables. The internet has thrust enormous change on the business world and introduced entirely new business models. Companies need partners able to offer web-compatible products and services. Oracle Database meets precisely this need. Oracle Database supports all relevant internet applica-tions and ensures the performance, scalability, reliability and security required to conduct business over the internet. Oracle’s strengths with distributed processing are particularly valuable in respect of the availability of all major hardware platforms. Oracle Database offers a large number of parallel data processing options, which makes it particularly suitable for the data warehouse applica-tions currently sought by many companies. This type of data-intensive application places special emphasis on the ability to process more or less complex search queries quickly and efficiently on a large data resource. All in all, Oracle Database 11g offers the user rich functionality on an unrivaled scale, only a small selection of which can be indicated here. OLTP Power Managing large volumes of data accessed by a large number of users over a network is one of the core competencies of Oracle. Oracle Database is used in installations on BS2000 with several thousand users. Oracle ensures excellent OLTP capability by using openUTM as the transaction processing platform. Oracle Database 11g provides comprehensive features to easily manage the most demanding transaction processing ap-plications with higher quality of service, thus making sure that Oracle Database remains one of the leading database systems. Oracle Database 11g has achieved world record results on various Fujitsu systems. Business continuity For disaster recovery, the built-in Data Guard technology can be used to provide low-cost synchronization between the production databases and standby databases. And Oracle 11g Active Data Guard enables reporting and backup operations to be offloaded from production to standby systems. This fully utilizes previously redundant resources to improve the performance of production systems while continuing to protect from disaster. A large number of functions, such as the possibility of distributing reading of the log file to multiple processes (parallel recovery) or the replica-tion of databases at a second (possibly remote) site, make Oracle Database highly suitable for high-availability operation with BS2000. The 24-hour operation demanded by the internet has raised the profile of high availability to new levels. A key component of high-availability solu-tions, Oracle Database offers all of the functions and tools needed to ensure the availability of data in business-critical applications. Oracle Da-tabase 11g increases availability with online table redefinition and online application upgrades. Oracle Database 11g additionally provides unique online capabilities to undo human errors. Data warehousing Oracle has consistently led the data warehouse market, and has been adding continuously intelligent optimizations to the database engine. These optimizations include advanced techniques such as parallel operations, bit-mapped indexing, materialized views and summary manage-ment. Oracle Partitioning allows very large tables (and their associated indexes) to be partitioned into smaller, more-manageable units, provid-ing a "divide and conquer" approach to very large database management. Partitioning also improves performance, because the optimizer uses only the relevant partitions of a table or index in a lookup. Oracle Database 11g Release 2 provides multiple methods for partitioning data, and also allows different levels of partitioning on the same table, so a single partitioning strategy can be used to improve both performance and manageability. Oracle Database 11g also provides advanced compression techniques to further reduce storage requirements. Oracle Advanced Compression uses a continuous table compression capability that achieves a two to four times compression ratio with little performance impact on data warehousing or OLTP workloads. This compression technology replaces duplicate values in a table.



Oracle Database may be installed on BS2000 such that it can be accessed from clients or on an alternative platform where it can be supplied with data from the BS2000 system. Openness Oracle Database is available on most platforms in versions that are functionally identical. Networking products enable any system to be con-nected to any other system, resulting in an end-to-end computing environment consisting of these disparate computer families. Oracle is based on globally recognized industry standards as well as on standard interfaces of international standardization bodies like ANSI, X/Open and ISO. Oracle Database supports UNICODE, especially also in the BS2000 system. Self-management Business is increasingly dependent on IT, and users continually demand a higher quality of service; however, IT budgets have remained flat at best. To address this growing gap, Oracle Database has added more automated self-managing capabilities over successive releases, resulting in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 taking much less time to manage than previous releases. Oracle’s self-management approach takes two tacks. First, wherever possible, repeatable, labor-intensive, and error-prone tasks that can be fully automated in the database, for example, memory management, statistics collection, backup and recovery, and SQL tuning have all been auto-mated. Second, where operations cannot be fully automated, intelligent advisors are built into the database to mentor DBAs on how to get the best out of their systems. Advisors are provided for indexing, partitioning, performance diagnostics, data recovery, and new in Oracle Database 11g Release 2, compression and maximum availability. Security Oracle Advanced Security can be used to transparently encrypt data at all levels: data in transit on the network, data at rest on physical storage, and data in backups. Oracle Total Recall saves all changes made to data in order to provide a complete change history. This means that auditors can not only see who did what when, but also see what the actual information was at the time, something that previously has only been availa-ble by building into the application or by expensive backup retention policies. 4.5.4. Achieve business value in a quarter of the time Oracle Database 11g Release 2 also includes features that significantly reduce the cost and risk associated with new versions of database software. Oracle Real Application Testing enables the capture of production workloads from Oracle Database 10g and Oracle9i Database for replay against the latest release of Oracle Database 11g, reducing the time and cost of testing changes by at least factor of four.

Contact FUJITSU Technology Solutions GmbH Adress: Mies-von-der-Rohe-Strasse 8, 80807 Munich Email: [email protected] Website: http://fujitsu.com/fts/bs2000

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