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Frog Taxonomy} Domain: Eukarya} Kingdom: Animalia} Phylum: Chordata} Subphylum: Vertebrata} Class: Amphibia} Order: Anura
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Frog Characteristics} Mode of nutrition: frogs are
omnivorous and Heterotrophic} Symmetry: bilateral symmetry} Structure: Eumetazoan} Habitat- Land and Freshwater
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Frog Head
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External Viscera} The external nares are
used to smell} The tympanum are
used to detect soundvibrations
} its bigger inmales than infemales
} Cloaca is used for theexcretion of waste andgametes
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Internal Viscera of Head} The tongue is attachedat the front of the mouth,
it is forked and sticky} The maxillary and
vomerine teeth are used
to hold onto prey} Internal nares are used
for breathing} Eustachian Tubes help
to stabilize pressure
changes from air towater} Glottis leads to lungs} The pharynx leads to the
stomach
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Frogs have sets of 3 eyelidsThe upper eyelid is asimple skin foldThe lower eyelid is atranslucent membrane
that spreads over theeyeballs surface whenthe eyeball is retractedinto the eye socketThe nictitating
membrane protectsthe frogs eyes when itsunderwater and it canshut the frogs eyescompletely.
Caption S: The nictitatingmembrane
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Heart} The frogs hearthas 3 chambers-2 atria and 1ventricle
} Triangularstructure at thetop of the liver.
} It is in a separatecavity called thepericardial cavity
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Lungs} Underneath the
heart and liver} As you know thelungs are used forbreathing, but gasexchange alsotakes place throughthe skin which iswhy frogs live inmoist places.
}
The lungs alsodetect vibrationswhich travel to theears to help withhearing.
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Liver and Gallbladder
} Note that it is a verylarge structure and
that it has 3 lobes.} The liver secretes
bile which isneeded for thedigestion of fats .
} Lift the liver thereveal thegallbladder, a smallgreen sac (lookslike a booger).
} The gallbladder isnecessary to store
bile
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P ancreas}
The Pancreas is athin rubber bandlooking structureconnected to theinner curve of thestomach .
} The Pancreasreleases enzymesinto the smallintestines to helpbreak down food.
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Spleen} The spleen of
the frogdestroys andcreates redblood cells.
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Stomach} The stomach isunderneath the liver} Note that the stomach
leads to the smallintestines
} Notice the mesentery ofthe stomach} Mesentery is
connective tissuesurrounding the internalorgans and attachingthem to the body wall
} The stomach is the firstmajor site of digestion
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Small Intestines} The small intestines
is an organ towardsthe end of thedigestive tract .
} The small intestinesdigest bodyessentials todisperse in theblood stream.
} Essentials arenutrients, proteins,minerals, andsugars.
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Large Intestine} The Large
intestine controlsfluid balance in
the body fromfood, andabsorbs moisturefrom waste.
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Urinary Bladder} An empty sac
located at thelowest part ofthe bodycavity.
} The bladderstores urine.
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Kidneys} The kidneys are
flattened beanshaped organs, oftendark in color.
} They are locatedposterior and dorsalto all other organs inits own compartment(lower back of thefrog, near the spine).
}
The kidneys filterwaste from theblood.
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Fat Bodies} Frogs do not store fat
in their skin likehumans, they have fatbodies
} Fat bodies areSpaghetti shapedstructures that have abright orange oryellow color, they are
usually located just onthe inside of theabdominal wall.
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M ale and FemaleReproductive Organs
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M ale and female
Reproductive Organs
M ale} Two internal testes
that producesperm to fertilizethe eggs .
Female} Ovaries produce
eggs .
} Oviducts transportthe eggs from theovaries to theuterus .
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How to tell the difference
between a female and malefrog .Male
} Male frogs are
smaller then femalefrogs.} Male frogs usually
have black markingson their arms.
} Male frogs areusually vocal
} Males usually havelarger tympanum.
Female} Female frogs are
usually larger thenmale frogs.
} When frogs aremating the female
frog will always beat the bottom.} Female frogs make
distress calls.
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