VOCATIONAL TRAINING PRESENTATION ON:

Presentation by:Moulik Dhade

Contents : Introduction

Applications: a. Dial Up b. Broadband c. Wired Connections

d. Wireless Connections

Exchange

MDF (Multiple Distribution Frame)

EWSD (Electronic World Switch Digital)

Power Plant

LC (Leased Circuit)

Conclusion

Introduction : BSNL was established on 15 September 2000,

today BSNL is the world’s seventh largest telecommunications company.

It provides a variety of services in India, which includes landline connections, CDMA , GSM, broadband, MPLS-VPN , VSAT and VoIP.

Within this short span of time, it has also become one of the largest public sector companies in India.

Applications: Dial Up : Dial-up is an early form of Internet

access that uses the facilities of the PSTN to establish a connection to an ISP by dialing a telephone number on a conventional telephone line.

It is Data or Voice at a Time.

In it Data Transfer Rates are slow. 40–50 kbit/s

Broadband: Broadband is a wide bandwidth data

transmission with an ability to simultaneously transport multiple signals and traffic types.

It is both Data on Connection 24x7.

Data transmission speed is way faster than Dial-up.

Wired Connections:

MODEMS are used to connect the ISP and the customer’s PC in order to provide it the internet Access. They are of following types :

ADSL : Asymmetric digital subscriber line

VDSL : Very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line

SDSL : Symmetric digital subscriber line

Wireless Connections:GSM :

GSM is a TDMA based wireless networktechnology developed in Europe that is used throughout most of the world.

Currently GSM networks operate on the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, and 1900MHz frequency bands. Devices that support all four

bands are called quad-band, with those that support 3 or 2 bands called tri-band and dual-band, respectively.

CDMA :

Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies.

CDMA is an example of multiple access, where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel.

This allows several users to share a band of frequencies to permit this without undue interference between the users, CDMA employs spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme (where each transmitter is assigned a code).

Major Difference Between GSM and CDMA:

Worldwide usage of GSM & CDMA :

WiMax : WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for

Microwave Access) is a wireless communications standard designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates, with the 2011 update providing up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations.

EVDO: Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-

DO, EVDO, etc.) is a telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals, typically for broadband Internet access.

LTE: LTE, an abbreviation for Long-Term Evolution,

commonly marketed as4G LTE, is a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals.

It is based on the GSM/EDGE andUMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using a different radio interface together with core network improvements

Telephone Exchange :

Equipment which effects interconnected of telephones is known as switching equipment.

The switching centre, which houses the terminating and switching equipment is called telephone exchange.

Various exchanges present in BSNL are:

> C-DOT> OCB> EWSD

Exchange Layout : Switch Room

Operations and Maintenance (OMC) Room

Input Output processor (IOP) Room

Power Plant Room

Battery Room

Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Room

MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME(MDF):- A MDF is a signal distribution frame for

connecting equipment (inside plant) to cables and subscriber carrier equipment (outside plant).

The MDF is a termination point within the local telephone exchange where exchange equipment and terminations of local loops are connected by jumper wires at the MDF.

The primary function of MDF is to remove fault. It is also known as Fault Remove Section.

MDF :

In MDF : There are :1.Vertical side2.Horizontal side

Vertical side:

Rack:- On the rack, the tags are situated. One rack is having eight tags. The counting is done from up (0) to down (7).

Tags:- Each rack consists of eight tags1 tag = 4 core1 core = 4 bunch1 bunch = 2 line

N.E. : The word NE stands for the ‘NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT’. It is used for testing number

In MDF:Horizontal side:-

The horizontal side connected to the underground cable.

This cable is having 100 pairs. These pair is distributed when we allot the telephone number to the subscriber.

Horizontal side is again subdivided in two parts:

1.One part is connected with the vertical side.2.Another with the subscriber line by using 100 pair underground

cable.

Power Plant :We know that, the power is an important source for every organization. In the case of ATX exchange. That is the first requirement of any organization is the input.

The main source of this exchange is AC supply.

The main part of power room are:-

1. Batteries

2. UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)

3. Charging - Discharging Unit

4. Inverter and Converter Unit.

EWSD: Electronic World Switch Digital is one of the

most widely installed telephone exchange systems in the world.

EWSD can work as a local or tandem switch or combined local/tandem, and for landline or mobile phones.

It is manufactured by Siemens AG, who claims that EWSD switches perform switching for over 160 million subscriber lines in more than 100 countries.

Leased Circuits : A leased line is a private bidirectional or

symmetric telecommunications line between two or more locations provided in exchange for a monthly rent. Sometimes known as a private circuit or data line

Conclusion : BSNL being a public sector, in order to

thrive and excel, have to understand about the customer expectations.

They also have to understand about their competitors and their nuances in understanding their customer, since communication industry is a very competitive one it is high time for BSNL to understand about their Customers in landline as well as mobile services.