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BSNL internship

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21
PRESENTED BY : RAJAN MEENA VIIth SEM ECE 08EC071
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Page 1: BSNL internship

PRESENTED BY : RAJAN MEENAVIIth SEM ECE

08EC071

Page 2: BSNL internship

HISTORY OF BSNL

Firstly post and telegraph department came into existence in 1980.

First exchange in rajasthan was of 25 lines. Control of Ajmer was upto Udaipur, Agra and Ratlam.

In 1985, post and telegraph seperated into two different departments i.e. Department of Post and Department of Telegraph.

Page 3: BSNL internship

HOW SUBSCRIBER REACHES TO EXCHANGE

Each subscriber who wants to contact require handset

The handset divided into two main parts . The line chord is connected to the handset and reach to a black box known a ROSETTE

Through the rosette two wires comes out which is connected with the WINDOW

After that they reach the DP i.e. the DISTRIBUTION POINT

Page 4: BSNL internship

On DP the wires comes in the form of pair . One I DP 20 wires can be connected from different places

DP must be grounded . DP is a box which is installed on a petlar

After DP , there is a cabinet which is in the form of large box and which is kept in a large area which consists of approximately one thousand pair of wires .

And then it connected to the another type of box this is called Main Distribution Frame

Page 5: BSNL internship

WiMAX Highlights

• WiMAX– Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

– Is a certification mark for products that pass conformity and interoperability tests for the IEEE 802.16

– provides wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular type access

Page 6: BSNL internship

• Speed– Faster than broadband service

• Wireless– Not having to lay cables reduces cost– Easier to extend to suburban and rural areas

• Broad coverage– Much wider coverage than WiFi hotspots

Page 7: BSNL internship

Two forms of wireless service

• Line-of-sight service– Higher frequencies, lots more bandwidth– 30-mile radius

• Non-line-of-sight– A small antenna on a computer connects to the tower– Uses 2 GHz to 11 GHz frequency range– Limited to a 4-to-6 mile radius

Page 8: BSNL internship

• BASE STATION (BS): The BS is responsible for providing the air interface to the MSS.

• ACCESS SERVICE NETWORK GATEWAY (ASN-GW): The ASN gateway typically acts as a layer 2 traffic aggregation points within an ASN. Additional functions include intra-ASN location management and paging, and admission control, caching of subscriber profiles and encryption keys.

• CONNECTIVITY SERVICE NETWORK (CSN): •The CSN provides connectivity to the Internet, ASP, other public networks, and corporate networks. The CSN is owned by the NSP and includes AAA servers that support authentication for the devices, users, and specific services.

Page 9: BSNL internship

WiMAX Applications

• According to WiMAX Forum it supports 5 classes of applications:

1. Multi-player Interactive Gaming.

2. Video Conference

3. Streaming Media

4. Web Browsing and Instant Messaging

5. Media Content Downloads

Page 10: BSNL internship

Broadband Policy-2004

ALTTC/DX/IBB_OV/AKN

10

Broadband connectivity as defined in Broadband policy-2004 is an “always on” data connection that is able to support interactive services including Internet access and has the capability of minimum download speed of 256 kbps to an individual subscriber from the POP of the service provider

Page 11: BSNL internship

Internet v Broadband Sub’s in India

ALTTC/DX/IBB_OV/AKN

11

0

10

20

30

40

2005 2007 2010

Internet Sub’s

Broadband Sub’s

6M3M

18M

9M

40M

20M

Page 12: BSNL internship

Broadband Technologies

ALTTC/DX/IBB_OV/AKN

12

Broadband Technologies

Wireless

3G Mobile

Wireline

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

Satellite

DSL (Digital Sub’s Line)

Cable Modem

Optical Fibre Technologies

PLC (Power Line Communication)

WiMAX

Page 13: BSNL internship

OPTICAL FIBER

OPTICAL FIBER

Page 14: BSNL internship

FIBER OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

A Widely Used Communication Medium Based on TIRInformation (Voice, Data Or Video) Is Transmitted In The Form Of Light

FIG. COMMUNICATION THROUGH OPTICAL FIBRE

Page 15: BSNL internship

Jacket

CladdingCore

Cladding

Angle of reflection

Angle of incidence

Light at less thancritical angle isabsorbed in jacket

Jacket

Light is propagated by total internal reflection

Jacket

Cladding

Core

(n2)(n2)

Fig. Total Internal Reflection in an optical Fibre

ARCHITECTURE OF FIBER AND IT’S PRINCIPLE

Page 16: BSNL internship

ADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTICS

High Speeds – Up To The GigabitsLow InterferenceLarge BandwidthSignals Can Be Transmitted At Larger Distances Without The Need Of RepeatersGreater Resistance To Electromagnetic NoiseNo Crosstalk

Page 17: BSNL internship
Page 18: BSNL internship

GSM Network Architecture

MS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BSC

BSC

PSTN

VLR

TRAU HLREIR

OMC

SMSC

BC

AUC

VMSC

MSC

Abis

A

OML

Page 19: BSNL internship

CELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTS WHAT IS A CELL ?

• A base station (transmitter) having a number of RF channels is called a cell

• Each cell covers a a limited number of mobile subscribers within the cell boundaries ( Coverage area)

• Typical Cell Radius Aprrox = 30 Km (Start up)

Page 20: BSNL internship

GSM Services

SERVICE CATEGORIESMain type of telecommunication services: Basic services: Available to all subscribers to a mobile network. e.g. voice telephone calls. Supplementary services: Additional services that are available by subscription only. e.g. Call forwarding.

Page 21: BSNL internship

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