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Bharat Sanchar NigamLimited (BSNL).

Bharat Sanchar Bhawan,Harish Chandra Mathur lane, Jan path,New Delhi.

Mini Ratna (A status assigned toreputated public sector companies ofIndia.)

7th largestTelecommunication Company.

19th century, Incorporated2000.

Government of India.

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It can be defined as a class of very small apertureIntelligent Satellite Earth Station suitable for easyon-premise installation, usually operating in

conjugation with a large size HUB earth station.Capable of supporting a wide range of two waysintegrated Telecom Services.It has the following components:

Micro Earth Station

Mini Earth Station Personal Earth Station

Roof Top Terminal

Customer Premises Terminal

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1.Can be located in the user premises on rooftop or backyard and hence eliminate last mileproblem.2.Superior quality satellite based dataservices.

3.Quick implementation time.4.Reliable communication.5.Broadcast feature on satellitecommunication.

6.Communication to different areas.7.Flexibility for network and changes.8.Service in distance insensitive.9.Low cost.

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The Internet is not a program, not software, nothardware or a big system.

It is a group of various co-operating computersworldwide interconnected by computer based onTCP\IP communication protocols.

People use it to get information over a standard

communication link. The hundreds or thousands ormillions of computer network are connected to eachother for exchanging the information which is basedon the unique identity and set of procedures.

Internet is a series of interconnected networksproviding global link to information.

GIAS: BSNL launched the Gateway Internet AccessService (GAIS) through dial up/leased/ISDN network.Users can access GAIS from 99 cities in India by thismeans.

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Leased lines

Limited topoint-to-pointcommunication

Limits who you can talk to

Carriers offer leased lines at an attractive price per bit sent tokeep high-volume customers

Leased Line

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An Internet Leased Line is usually a dedicatedline which offers direct connectivity to theInternet.

This is done by connecting the nearestservice provider nodal point and thecustomer premises with a dedicated copperline, optical fiber cable, radio links

Internet Leased Lines are preferred overbroadband connections for providing internetconnectivity to larger organizations likecolleges, corporate offices, hospitals, etc.

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WLL is a communication system that connects customersto the Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) using radiofrequency signals as substitutes of conventional wires forall part of connection between the subscribers and thetelephone exchange.

It works on CDMA technique.

The local loop is access part of telecommunicationnetwork i.e. the part between PSTN switch and subscribers.

WLL network application involves uses of radio to replaceof the wire link between PSTN switch and subscriber.

The radio technology is able to provide same quality ofservices as that provided by the wires line.

Application of wireless loop technology has just beenstarted in the worldwide.

There is no standard for this so far. However, a number ofnational and international air interface standards fordigital cellular mobile telephone system are available.

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