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BTC - 1
Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Biometrics Solutionfor
Authentication
Prof. David Zhang
DirectorBiometrics Technology Centre (UGC/CRC)
Department of ComputingHong Kong Polytechnic University
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Introduction to Biometrics
Fingerprint Recognition
Iris Recognition
Speaker Recognition
Signature Recognition
Face Recognition
Hand Recognition
Applications
Future Directions
Outline
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
In the modern world, there is an ever growing need to identify individuals.
Should this person be given access to a secure system?
Does this person have authorization to perform a given transaction?
Is this person a citizen of our country?
Every day, questions like these which are related to establishing the identity of individuals are asked millions times.
Questions
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Current System
Person have to use more and more IDs Possession (Key, Credit card, …)
Knowledge (password, PIN, …)
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
None of these problems would exist if we could
always be certain people - Who they say they are & the
documents they use are not counterfeit.
Positive identification is crucial!
There are more and more highly fraudulent
technologies in today’s complex society .
Hence, the problem of identifying a person
continues to pose a great challenge.
Challenge
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
It can overcome some of the limitations of traditional
technologies because - physically present at the point-of-
identification, i.e., “something which you are or you do”
Biometrics can provide better security ,
increased efficiency, and improved accuracy.
Biometrics-based identification is emerging as
the most reliable method.
Biometrics
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Introduction
Biometrics
A measurable physical characteristics or personal behavioral trait used to recognize the identity, or verify the claimed identity, of an enrollee
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Characteristics of Biometrics
Universality
Uniqueness
Collectability
Permanence
Acceptability
Circumvention
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Taxonomy by Technology Type
Taxonomy of Biometrics
Biometrics
Physical Behavioral
Head HandSignature Voice
Others(Gesture, gait, Keystroke)
Face
IrisOthers(Ear, Retina,Dental)
Fingerprint
Hand Geometry
Palmprint
Others (finger)
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Biometrics Based Identify Procedure
Measures Extraction Comparing Makingof biometrics of features the features the decision
SensorImage &
SignalProcessing
DecisionTheory
PatternRecognition
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Current State Stability and uniqueness: Based on a century of
examination, it is estimated that the chance of twopeople, including twin, having the same print is lessthan one on a billion.
Fingerprint identification is the most widespreadapplication of biometrics technology. First commercialABS was used in 1971.
Feature Set
Minutiae - Endpoint & junction of print ridges, andposition, direction & relation between them
Singular Point
Fingerprint Development
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Iris Development
Current State Iris features can be more easily obtained than other
features from eyes, like retina.
It is shown that an iris has more details than afingerprint. Highly detailed and unique texture willremain stable over decades of life.
Feature Set
Textures with striations, contraction furrows, pits,collagenous fibers, filament, crypts (darkened areasresembling excavations), serpentine vasculature, rings,and freckles
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Palmprint Development
Current State It has relatively stable physical characteristics, basically
unalterable without trauma to the individual. Manyuseful features extracted from both fingerprint & handshape can be simultaneously obtained.
However, no palmprint system is currently used inautomatic biometric identification. Therefore, it isnecessary to develop a new approach to automatedpersonal identification by palmprint.
Feature Set
Minutiae (like fingerprint) and shape (like hand)
Principal line, wrinkle, delta point and region feature
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Speech Development
Current State The least invasive of the biometric recognition
technologies and the most natural to use is speechsystem.
Just say a phrase, about a second long - any language ordialect - chosen by the user. A typical case is AT&TSmart Card.
Feature Set
Twenty parameters –Pits, speed, energy, density, and waveform
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Signature Development
Current State It should distinguish between person’s habitual parts
and those that vary with almost every signing.
Two methods: on-line & off-line, where wired pens &sensitive tables are need for on-line signature.
Feature Set
Off-line – Line segmentsH line, V line, P line, N line, C curve, D curve, A curve,V curve, S curve, Z curve, curve and circle
On-line - Pen tip position (x, y), distance above the surface (h),pressure (p), tilt angle (tx, ty) and velocity (vx, vy)
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Face Development
Current State Using the whole face for automatic identification is a
complex task because its appearance is constantlychanging.
One effective approach may employ rule-based logicand a neural network for the image classificationprocess. The first face system is introduced in 1992.
Feature Set
Facial geometry - Size of eye, distance from eye to mouth, middle ofmouth to chin, side of eye to cheek, size of mouth,radius vectors and feature points
Face template -
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Hand Development
Current State It is a simple ABS, which features are obtained by
three-dimensional shape. Analysis is based on mea-surement and comparison of geometries.
As a biometric application, one hand geometry iden-tification device is commercially available in 1994.
Feature Set
Finger length, width, area, thick and their relationshipbetween fingers
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Biometrics Applications Summary of Application
Dental Recognition Forensics
DNA Recognition Forensics, medicine, genetics
Fingerprint Recognition/Verification
Immigration & naturalization, welfaredistribution, military identification, forensics,access control
Face Recognition/Verification
Suspect description & identification, missingpersons, licenses, credit card, welfaredistribution
Hand Verification Access control, immigration andnaturalization, services distribution
Signature Recognition/Verification
Signature verification, identification fromhandwriting
Iris Verification Access control
Voice Recognition/Verification
Speaker verification, phone service, speakerverification, access control
Biometrics Applications
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Biometrics in Banking Application
Credit Card
Telephone Banking
Intelnet Banking
Cheque
Safe Deposit Box
IRIS
Fingerprint
Palm print
Voice
Signature
Face
Hand/Finger
BiometricsBanking Services
Bankbook
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Biometrics Technology Centre (BTC)
Typical Applications
Verification systems
computer login
cheque cashing
airport check-in
Identification systems
Driving licences
Walfare
Police mug-shots