BTLEW Lesson 2 – Discovery of a Father Part Four ENTER.

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Lesson 2 – Discovery of a Father

Part FourPart Four

ENTER

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I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III. Word Building

IV. Grammar

Language Language StudyStudy

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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:

1. bitter

2. broke

3. cover

4. credit

5. drip

6. druggist

13. shed

14. smash

15. strike

15. surrender

16. sympathize

7. glimpse

8. harness

9. intimate

10. lick

11. loaf

12. momentary

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study1. bitter: adj.

• Good medicine tastes bitter.

Word formation

n. bitterness

• That failure was a bitter experience for him.

2) hard to bear; causing sorrow

3) filled with or showing envy, hatred, remorse or disappointment

bitter quarrels/words/enemies/tears

1) not sweet, tasting like beer

To be continued on the next page.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study

bitter:

a bitter wind

• fight to the bitter end 战斗到底

• take the bitter with the sweet 接受顺境也接受逆境

4) piercing cold

Antonyms

grateful

thankful

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study2. broke:

• He went broke.

Cf.

broken• a broken home

• a broken promise

• a broken spirit

• broken English

broken

adj. without any money

破裂的家庭

背弃的诺言

消沉的意志

蹩脚的英语

Synonyms

bankrupt penniless

impoverished

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study3. cover: v.

• He had to cover his ears when the noise became

really unbearable.

Cf.

coverage

uncover

• This national park covers roughly 400 square miles

of beautiful land.

2) to have… in size

1) to place or hide sth. over in order to hide or protect


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study cover:

• By sunset they had covered 30 miles.

• The 700-dollar rent does not cover water, electricity

and telephone service.

4) to include

3) to travel a certain distance


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study cover:

• He began to move towards the house carefully,

and Bob covered him.

• $1,000 will cover his needs for the journey.

6) (of money) to be enough for

5) to protect sb. by aiming a gun at the enemy

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study4. credit: n.

• He bought this car on credit.

• The bank refused further credits to the company.

word formation

adj. creditable

• We must give her credit for our discovery.

• I think that he deserves all the credit for lifting the

villagers out of poverty.

2) praise 光荣；功劳

1) delayed payment 赊账；信贷


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3) sth. that can bring honor or pride to sb.

• These Olympic gold medalists are no doubt a

great credit to our country.

• The professor decided to give him full credit for the

exam.

4) recognition for a successfully completed

course at the university

credit:


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5) money shown as owned by a person, company in a bank account

• You have a credit balance of $500.

• The rumor is gaining credit.

6) belief; trust; confidence

credit:

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study5. drip

• The tap is dripping.

• His paintbrush is dripping.

• It’s so hot that he’s dripping with sweat.

• There was no noise except for the drip, drip, drip

of water.

v. to fall or let sth. fall in very small drops

n. the drop-by-drop falling of a liquid

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study6. druggist: n.

take/use drugs

drug abuse

drug addiction/addict

drug dealer

miracle drug

drugstore

Synonyms

chemist; pharmacistdrug

吸毒

滥用毒品

毒品上瘾 / 上瘾者

毒品贩子

有奇效的药物

药店；杂货店

sb. who is trained to prepare drugs and medicines and works in a shop

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study7. glimpse: v.

• I glimpsed her face in the crowd, but then

she was gone.

Cf.

glance

n.

• get/catch a glimpse of

• a glimpse of what life might be like in the future

to see sb or sth. for a moment without getting a complete view of them

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study8. harness:

• He runs a harness shop.

• They tried to harness the wind to generate

electricity.

n. a piece of equipment for controlling a horse worn over the horse’s head and shoulders

v. to control and use the natural force of sth.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study9. intimate: adj.

• They are intimate friends.

• She’s on intimate terms with important people

in the government.

Word formation

intimately adv. intimacy n.

1) having an extremely close relationship


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intimate:

• tell a friend the intimate details of one’s life

• an intimate knowledge of Greek philosophy

2) private and personal

3) resulting from close study or great familiarity

Antonyms

distant

formal

remote

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10. lick: v.

• The cat was licking its paws.

2) (esp. of flames, waves) to touch lightly

• He dashed into the house to save the child despite

the licking flames.

他不顾四下乱窜的火舌，冲进屋里抢救那个孩子。

1) to pass the tongue over or under


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study lick: Synonyms

defeat beat

• Well, that licks everything!

那真是闻所未闻、见所未见的事。

3) (sl.) to overcome; triumph over

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study11. loaf: vt. & vi.

• Don’t loaf about while there’s so much to be done.

• Don’t loaf away your time.

Synonym

idle

loafer n. a person who loafs 游手好闲者

Half a loaf is better than none. 聊胜于无。

to waste time; spend time idly

Cf.

loaf n.

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12. momentary: adj.

• There was a momentary pause.

• She paused momentarily and glanced over her

shoulder.

• Mr. Johnson will be with you momentarily.

Cf.

momentous

momentum

momentarily: adv.

(AmE.)very soon

Antonyms

lasting; permanentlasting for a very short time

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study13. shed: n.

tool-shed

wood-shed

coal-shed

cattle-shed

bicycle-shed

Synonyms

hut shack

工具房

柴房

煤房

畜棚

自行车棚

building, roughly made structure, used for

storing things


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shed: v. to let fall; let come off

shed tears

shed crocodile tears

shed blood

shed skin

shed light on

流泪

假慈悲

流血

蜕皮

阐明

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14. smash: v. to break into small pieces, usually violently

smash a window

smash a record

smash the enemy

smash up the furniture

smash up a monopoly

Synonyms

shatter

destroy

break into pieces打破窗户

打破纪录

击溃敌人

捣毁家具

打破垄断

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15. strike: v.

• How did the movie strike you?

• He struck me as a very hard-working student.

• The new labor law allows workers to strike in

privately-owned enterprises.

2. to stop working

1. to give sb. a particular impression


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3. to hit

• Strike while the iron is hot.

• The clock has just struck twelve.

4. to cause to sound

strike:


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5. to put sb. suddenly into a particular state

be struck blind/dumb/silent

strike fear/terror/alarm into sb.

6. to fill with fear, etc.

strike:

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study16. surrender: v.

• We advised the hijackers to surrender to the police.

Synonym

yield (to)

• We shall never surrender our liberty.

2. to yield up or abandon possession of

3. to yield or give way to (a habit, emotion, etc.)

• He surrendered himself to despair.

1. to say officially that you want to stop fighting

because you know you cannot win

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study17. sympathize: v.

• She sympathized with him in his sufferings.

• Tom’s parents do not sympathize with his

ambition to become an actor.

2. to give approval or encouragement to

1. to feel sorry for sb. because you understand their problem


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I.I. Word StudyWord Studysympathy: n.

• I have no sympathy for those people. They deserve

their punishment.

• We are all in sympathy with your proposals.

• sympathetic face/words/looks

• be sympathetic to

sympathetic: adj.

The end of Word Study.

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List:

1. a flow of

2. be ashamed (of)

3. be thick with

4. be up

5. be up to

6. call it quits

7. cling to

8. be down and out

9. fool around/about

10. hush sth. up

11. liven up

12. slip off

II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions

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1. a flow of (pride)

Other phrases


a continuous stream, movement, or supply of sth.

During the tourist season, the flow of traffic usually

doubles.

Thanks to a steady flow of foreign capital, they are

able to expand their economy rapidly.

They know they are going to face a terrible flow of

refugees if nothing is done to prevent this

humanitarian disaster.


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a flow of angry words

a flow of spirits

a flow of eloquence

a flow of news of victories

flowchart

flowmeter

滔滔的怒言喜气洋洋流利的口才频传的捷报流程图流量表

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2. be ashamed (of)


He should be ashamed of what he has done.

She felt ashamed that she had done little to help them.

He was ashamed to ask for help.

Cf. shameful conduct 可耻的行为

a shameless exploiter 无耻的剥削者

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3. be thick with


The air was thick with dust.

1. to be abounding or packed with

John is very thick with Anne now.

2. to be intimate with

as thick as thieves: very friendly

through thick and thin: under any kind of conditions,

good or bad

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4. be up


What’s up?

You’re up early today.

The game is up.

When is your leave up?

The river is up.

He is up a few pounds.

Put the sentences into Chinese. Cf.

be up to

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5. be up to


What’s he up to?

1) to be occupied or busy with

He’s not up to this job.

I don’t feel up to going to work today.

2) to be equal to

He is up to his neck in debts.

3) to be as far as

It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.

4) to be required as necessary

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6. call it quits


Will you call it quits if I pay you twenty dollars?

Let’s do one more exercise, and we’ll call it quits.

(infml.) to agree that a debt or an argument is settled; agree to stop doing sth.

Cf.

call it a day

Let’s call it a day. 今天就干到这里，收工吧。

to decide that what has been done is enough for one day

call it a day

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7. cling to


cling to one’s view

cling to one’s hope that…

to hold tight

The child clung to his mother’s skirt.

Into English ：那个孩子紧紧抓着他妈妈的裙子。

坚持己见始终抱着 ······的希望

Synonym

stick to

hold to

keep to

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8. be down and out


He was down and out in the last hit.

1) (boxing) to be knocked out, unable to resume the fight

2) (fig.) to be beaten in the struggle of life;

be unemployed and without money

His father was down and out at that time.

Into English:

那时候他父亲穷困潦倒。

Cf.

be down with

be down to


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Into English:

我们班上几乎四分之一的同学都得流感病倒了。

Cf.

be down with

be down to

Into English:

我们只剩下最后五百块钱了。我们得向银行贷款。

Nearly a quarter of our class were down with flu.

We were down to the last 500 yuan. We had to raise a loan from the bank.

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9. fool around/about


He spends so much time fooling around that he

never accomplishes anything.

to trifle; be idle and silly

Stop fooling around and do something useful.

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10. hush sth. up


He gave her a lot of gifts just to make her hush it

up.

She tried unsuccessfully to hush up the fact that her

husband was an ex-convict.

to prevent sth. from becoming public knowledge

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11. liven up


How can we liven things up?

His humorous speech livened up our class.

The party is becoming to liven up.

That little performance was the only thing that

livened up the otherwise hopelessly boring party.

to make or become lively

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12. slip off


The general used to slip off and have a quiet drink in

the bar.

to go off quietly or secretly without being noticed or caught

Other phrases


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slip a coat on/off

slip into/out of a dress

slip a coin into one’s hand

slip through one’s fingers

let sth. slip

slip one’s mind

a slip of the tongue / pen

迅速穿上 / 脱下上衣迅速穿上 / 脱去衣服把一枚硬币迅速塞入某人手中未抓住；未把握住放手；放过；错过（某事）被忘记口误 / 笔误

The end of Phrases and Expressions.

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III.III. Word BuildingWord BuildingList:

1. Derivation Prefix – un Prefix – super Suffix – ize

2. Conversion

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1. Derivation — prefix: un- ( 不；无；非）

III.III. Word BuildingWord Building


affected

available

adaptable

approved

easy

employed

unaffected

unavailable

unadaptable

unapproved

uneasy

unemployed

adj. adj.

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lock

button

tie

zip

pack

cover

unlock

unbutton

untie

unzip

unpack

uncover

v. v.

1. Derivation — prefix: un- ( 不；无；非）


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1. Derivation — prefix: super- ( 上 ······; 超 ······; 过分 )


superstructure

superscribe

supernatural

superpower

superheat

supercool

superabundant

superfluous

上层建筑

写在（信封、包裹）上

超自然的

超级大国

过热

过冷

过剩的，过多的

过剩的，多余的


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1. Derivation — suffix -ize ( 使之 ······ ）


modern

national

social

hospital

fertile

sympathy

computer

adj./n. v.

modernize

nationalize

socialize

hospitalize

fertilize

sympathize

computerize


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2. Conversion: a word-formation process whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.


The end of Word Building.

house

book

chair

shoulder

weed

fish

head

mushroom

house the poor

book a ticket

chair a meeting

shoulder the responsibility

weed the garden

fish in troubled waters

head a delegation

factories mushroom

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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar

1. “be + doing” structure

Continuous tense is sometimes used together

with adverbs like always, constantly, forever to

express the speaker’s strong approval or

disapproval.


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Example

It seemed to me that he was always showing off.


past continuous tense with adverbs of frequency denoting a habitual action, especially an annoying one

other examples

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He was always telling stories about himself.

Jim is constantly forgetting to clean the test

tubes after experiments.

My old jeep is forever breaking down as I have to

rush somewhere.

That old man is always helping others.


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2. as + adj. + a /an + as structure

In the above structure, the indefinite article is put

between the adjective and the noun.


Examples: as intelligent a student as Mary

as interesting a novel as Oliver Twist

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3. You hear it said that fathers want their sons to

be what they feel they cannot themselves be,

but I tell you it also works the other way.

anticipatory “it” as object of “hear”

objective clause of “hear”

Para. 1

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4. Sometimes he’d stay away for weeks,

mother working to keep us fed, and

then home he’d come bringing, let’s say,

a ham.

an abstract structure of present participle

present participle used as an adverbial

compound connecting the two clauses

parenthesis

Para. 23

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5. To protect my mother I’d make up stories of a secret

marriage that for some strange reason never got

known.

subject of the attributive clause

Para. 24

adverbial in the attributive clause

verb of the attributive clause

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6. It was as it was earlier, in the kitchen, a face filled

with sadness.

subject

Para. 36

link verb predictive

adverbial clause

past participle used as an attribute

The end of Grammar.

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BTLEW Lesson 2 – Discovery of a Father Part Four ENTER.

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