BUBBLE PUMP C2M FALL 2013 PI: Leif Steinhour, LBL Team Lead: Jonathan Lim
THE GEOGRAPHIC LOTTERY
GLOBAL WATER SCARCITY IN 2025
THE NEED
SUBSISTENCE FARMING $150 / year
NET PRODUCER $850 / year
~500% Gain
THE TEAM
MAHARA INGLIS MBA Candidate
KRIS CUARESMA-PRIMM MBA Candidate
NICK ADAMS MS/MPP Candidate
DR. DEBORAH SUNTER
VIVEK RAO PhD Candidate
JONATHAN LIM MBA Candidate
LEIF STEINHOUR Principal Investigator, LBNL
BUSI
NES
S TE
CHN
ICAL
THE STATUS QUO
We integrate two mature technologies, using sunlight to lift, clean, and move water.
KEY INNOVATION
BUBBLE PUMP
TECHNOLOGY #1: SOLAR COLLECTOR
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
TECHNOLOGY #1: SOLAR COLLECTOR
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
TECHNOLOGY #1: SOLAR COLLECTOR
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
TECHNOLOGY #2: SLUG FLOW
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
TYPI
CAL
TWO
PH
ASE
FLO
W
TECHNOLOGY #2: SLUG FLOW
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
TYPI
CAL
TWO
PH
ASE
FLO
W
SLU
G F
LOW
TECHNOLOGY #2: SLUG FLOW
TECHNOLOGY #2: SLUG FLOW
LIFT, MOVE, AND CLEAN
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
LIFT, MOVE, AND CLEAN
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
LIFT, MOVE, AND CLEAN
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
LIFT, MOVE, AND CLEAN
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
LIFT, MOVE, AND CLEAN
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
LIFT, MOVE, AND CLEAN
C2M X SOLAR DESAL
COLLECTOR 75 feet long ~2 feet wide Plastic + reflective coating.
1. LIFT 30 feet 2. MOVE ~750 gallons / day
3. CLEAN 99.9% of waterborne pathogens inactivated
PIPING 75 feet long 12 inch rise Plastic
LIFT, MOVE, AND CLEAN
BUBBLE PUMP IN ACTION
OLD TECH RENEWED
You’ve already seen sunlight heating and moving water based on mature technology.
CALIFORNIA ROOFTOP, 1911
CALIFORNIA ROOFTOP, 2013
DESIGN MILESTONES
Bringing these technologies to the rural, developing world comes with design challenges.
RURAL AFRICA, 2013
CALIFORNIA ROOFTOP, 2013
DESIGN MILESTONES
1. ESTABLISH FLOW CONTROL • Structural integrity • Dry-out prevention
RURAL AFRICA, 2013
CALIFORNIA ROOFTOP, 2013
DESIGN MILESTONES
1. ESTABLISH FLOW CONTROL 2. ASSESS FOULING
WATER FROM DUBIOUS SOURCES
CLEAN, DOMESTIC WATER
DESIGN MILESTONES
1. ESTABLISH FLOW CONTROL 2. ASSESS FOULING 3. ANALYZE SCALABILITY AND
PRIMING
WILDLY VARYING APPLICATIONS/SITES
CONSISTENT – FITS ON A ROOF
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
$0.0
$0.2
$0.4
$0.6
$0.8
$1.0
$1.2
$1.4
Low High
Treadle Pump
Solar PV
Diesel Pump
Bubble Pump
Average daily cost
Ability to lift and move water
Bubble Pump
Non-potable
Potable
INCUMBENT vs. ENTRANT
✔ ✔ ✔
DIESEL PUMP BUBBLE PUMP
LEVELIZED COST ($/DAY)
PATHOGENS KILLED (%)
OPERATIONAL CO2 (TONS/YR)
1.30
0
0.5
0.30
99.9
0
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
BUSINESS MODEL PILOT PARTNERS
This slide does not match the previous in logical order -
reconcile
GO TO MARKET STRATEGY
“We help subsistence farmers realize ~500% growth in crops by employing the sun to lift, move and clean water.”
VALUE PROP
WATER SCARCITY: 2025
SOLAR SUPPLY
PILOT: KENYA
Value Prop
Customer Segments Customer Relationships
Channels
BUSINESS MODEL
PERF
ORM
ANCE
TIME
VILLAGE WATER
RURAL AGRICULTURE
Initial Market Entry Medium-Term Long-term
IMPACT Clean, safe water for the developing world
HORIZON
THE SOURCE
THE FIT: LIFT, MOVE, AND CLEAN
PASTEURIZATION 99.9% of pathogens
SOLAR No energy input
TASTE, ODOR No taste residual
SAFETY No boil? No flow.
Technology
The Need
Business model Impact
Thank you
Questions?
Technical Appendix
• Residence time calculations • Energy Calculation Framework • Input solar energy is needed to
• Partially boil the water • Overcome pressure losses
• Gravitational head (increasing elevation) • Friction • Fluid acceleration
• Required solar collector area is calculated based on • Desired liters of water per day • Horizontal displacement • Vertical displacement
Performance
Purification
Lifts Moves Filters
Sediment Pathogens Inorganic toxins
Bubble Pump ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ? Lifesaver Jerrycan ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Life Straw ✓ ✓ ✓ Sarvajal Water ATM ✓ ✓ ✓
Ceramic Pot Filter ✓ ✓ ✓ Life Sack ✓ ✓ ✓
Benchmarks
• For the case study investigated, the collector area is less than 2% of the farmer’s land.
• At larger scale, the move metric becomes significant
Borehole Cost Estimate
“Costing and Pricing: A Guide for Water Well Drilling Enterprises,” Rural Water Supply Network, Field Note 2010-6.
IP Situation
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory • Provisional patent
• Obtained March 2013 • Expires March 2014
• Scientist hopes to convert to utility patent
People with water-related diseases fill half the hospital beds in developing countries – www.care.org
THE CRISIS
“We forget that the water cycle and the life cycle are one.”
JACQUES COUSTEAU
1: Evaluation of the Costs and Benefits of Water and Sanitation Improvements at the Global Level, World Health Organization, 2004 2: Water and Sanitation to Reduce Child Mortality
• Absolute economic impact of water access & Sanitation Improvements1
• Return on investment for water & sanitation improvements1
• Affordability of improvements compared to GDP2
Making an Impact in Water