Buccal drug delivery system

Buccal Drug Delivery System

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Presented by

Chinchole Pravin Sonu M.Pharm. (2nd Sem.)Dept. of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance

R.C.Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra

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Contents covered in the presentation


Introduction AdvantagesDisadvatagesIdeal candidates for BDDS

Anatomy of Buccal mucosa

Formulation of buccal dosage form

Evaluation of buccal dosage form

References

Conclusion

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Introduction


•Administration of a drug via buccal mucosa (lining of cheek) to the systemic circulation is defined as buccal delivery.

•The buccal mucosa lies in inner cheek.

•Placed between upper gingivae.

•To treat local systemic condition

4R.C.Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra

Advantages of Buccal Drug Delivery

Avoids first pass metabolism.

Avoids acid/Enzyme metabolism.

Permeation is faster with respect to skin & TDDS (4- 4000)

Large surface area with respect to sub-lingual mucosa.

Good patient compliance with respect to parenteral.

Easy administration & removal in case of toxicity.

For unconscious or comatose patients.


Drugs with bitter taste or irritant to mucosa or having noxious smell. Not for children.

Eating & drinking difficulty.

Salivary erosion & it may enter GIT & choke esophagus.

Less surface area than skin.

Drugs unstable at buccal pH(6.5 to 7)

Disadvantages


•Mucoadhesion of the device is a key element.

•The term ‘mucoadhesive’ is commonly used for materials that bind to the mucin layer of a biological membrane.

•Achieve systemic delivery of drugs include tablets, patches, tapes, films, semisolids and powders.

BDDS and Mucoadhesivity


Mechanism of Buccal Drug Delivery


1. Molecular size 75-100 Daltons.

2. Molecular weight 200-500

3. Drug should be hydrophilic/hydrophobic in nature. 4. Drug should be stable in buccal pH(6.4-7.2)

5. Drug should be odorless.

6. Drug which are absorbed only by passive diffusion.

Ideal Candidates For Buccal Drug Delivery System


Anatomy of Buccal Mucosa

Structure of oral mucosa 1) Epithelium - stratum distendum - stratum filamentosum - stratum suprabasale - stratum basale2) Basal lamina3) Connective tissue - lamina propria - submucosa

Fig- Anatomy of buccal mucosa


The basic components of buccal drug delivery system- Drug substance Bio adhesive polymers Backing membrane Permeation enhancers

Formulation of BDDS


IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS: Non toxic, non irritable, free from leachable impurities. Polymer pH should be biocompatible. Quick adherence, and suffice mechanical strength. Bioadhesive in both dry and liquid state. Acceptable shelf life. Optimum molecular weight.

TYPES: 1 st generation polymers : PAA, NaCMC , HPMC, Carbapol , Chitosan , Xanthan gum, PVA etc. 2 nd generation polymers : Lectins , Multifunctional polymers, Thiolated polymers etc.

Bioadhesive polymer


Ability to attachment of bio adhesive device to mucus membrane

Backing membrane

Inert in nature and impermeable to the drug

Such impermeable membrane prevent dug loss and good patient compliances

Examples – Carbapol, Magnesium sterate, Polycarbapol


Substances that help to promote drug permeation through the buccal epithelium are referred to as penetration enhancers, permeation promoters or absorption enhancers.

Most of the compounds used as buccal mucosal penetration enhancers are the ones generally used to compromise barrier function.Examples-sodium lauryl sulfate, sodiumlaurateBile salts: Sodium glycodeoxycholate, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, sodium taurocholate

Permeation Enhancers


• Propranalol• Metoprolol• Metoclopromide• Insulin• Nitro glycerine• Codeine• Morphine• Diltiazem• Chlorpheniramine maleate

Drugs given as buccal tablets

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Transport Route



In vitro Swelling rate and bio adhesion studiesSurface pH studies Drug release studies Permeation studiesMucoadhesion strength Residence time

Evaluation test


In vitro

Animals are sacrificed.

Buccal mucosa with underlying connective tissue is surgically removed, and then isolated.

Placed and stored in ice-cold (4°C) buffers. (usually Krebs buffer) .

Generally dogs, monkeys and pigs are used.


In vivo Drug release studiesStability studies in human salivaEx vivo Mucoadhesion timeMucoadhesion force Transmucosal permeation studied.


The buccal mucosa offers several advantages for controlled drug delivery for extended periods of time. The mucosa is well supplied with both vascular and lymphatic drainage and first-pass metabolism in the liver and pre-systemic elimination in the gastrointestinal tract are avoided.

Conclusion


References

1.Shojaei Amir H., Buccal Mucosa As A Route For Systemic Drug Delivery: A Review, University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 1 (1):15-30, 1998

2.Hans E. Junginger , Janet A. Hoogstraate, J. Coos Verhoef, Recent advances in buccal drug delivery and absorption — in vitro and in vivo studies, Journal of Controlled Release 62 (1999) 149–159

3.N.Chidambaram and A.K.Srivatsava, buccal drug delivery systems, Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 21(9), 1009-1036 (1995)


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