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1 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Buckling Restrained Steel Shear Walls for Seismic Protection
X. Qian and A. Astaneh-Asl University of California, Berkeley
2 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Earthquakes create horizontal inertia forces in buildings
Horizontal inertia forces need to be resisted by lateral load resisting system
Lateral load resisting systems also resist lateral loads due to wind
Seismic Protection of Tall Buildings
3 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Lateral Load Resisting Systems:
Shear Walls Braced Frames Moment Frames
4 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Lateral Load Resisting Systems:
Braced Frames
http://www.aviewoncities.com/
Moment Frames
www.toptenepic.com/
Shear Walls
www.timgriffith.com
5 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential 19/05/2014 5
What is a Steel Shear Wall?
The main role of a steel shear wall is to collect the lateral forces of earthquakes or winds in a building and transfer those forces, in shear, to the foundations and the ground.
• Steel shear walls studied here are steel plates welded to beams and columns in a building.
www.timgriffith.com
6 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential 6
Stiffened Steel Plate
Used in Japan Unstiffened Steel Plate
Used in U.S.A Steel plate shear walls are either “unstiffened” or “stiffened” . Stiffened steel shear walls have horizontal and vertical stiffeners to divide the plate to smaller panels that will not buckle until the entire plate has yielded in shear.
Types of Steel Shear Wall Panels:
7 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
30-story Steel Shear Wall Building in Kobe Japan
After the 1995 Kobe Earthquake
1996
After the 1996 retrofit
Steel Shear Wall Building
8 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Seismic Studies of an Innovative Steel Shear Wall System
Objective: To develop an innovative steel plate shear wall system for wind and seismic lateral force resisting
Performance objective: limit the failure to first buckling under frequent earthquakes and design wind load, while allowing yielding of the shear wall system under maximum considered earthquake.
9 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
First Stage Current Focus
Conduct literature survey
Validate computational tools (ANSYS)
Establish seismic demand on the innovative system (ANSYS)
Optimize the system (ANSYS)
Develop tentative seismic design recommendations based on analysis
Apply the design guidelines to design steel shear walls for low-, mid- and high-rise buildings and possibly bridge applications
Conduct time history analysis of structures subjected to ground motions as well as wind effects using ANSYS and refine the design procedure
Design two specimens representing traditional and innovative shear walls and perform pre-test analysis of behavior under cyclic loading up to fracture failure using ANSYS
Fabricate and conduct cyclic tests of two 1/2 scale specimens that are designed using the proposed design procedures and based on their behavior further refine and finalize the design procedures.
10 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
ANSYS ANALYSIS PLANS
• Validate FEA simulation – Use ANSYS to model existing test specimens and loading and compare its prediction of behavior of specimens to actual test results. (this presentation)
• Case Study Model: Jinta Tower in Tianjing, China • Designed by S.O.M.
• Test by Tsinghua University
• Generic Low-, mid-, and high-rise structures using proposed innovative “buckling restrained” steel shear walls
11 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
VERIFICATION OF ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND MODELING ISSUES
Tested specimen used in simulation:
from: Lubell, 1997)
12 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
VERIFICATION OF ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND MODELING ISSUES
Simulation of actual behavior of tested steel shear wall specimens using ANSYS:
(Photo: Curtsey of C. Ventura)) (Curves from: Lubell, 1997)
13 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
CASE STUDY 1: 10 Scale Test Specimen
14 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Mesh The ANSYS
shell181 element
is used for infill
plates and
boundary
elements. Mapped
mesh is used .
15 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Boundary Conditions
Top Beams
and
Loading
Actuators
16 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Boundary Conditions
Bottom
Beam
Support
17 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Results Comparison between ANSYS Simulation and Test Results
18 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Results
Comparison between ANSYS Simulation and Test Results
19 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Results
The Problem with Plate Buckling and Column Bending
20 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Buckling of Plate and Bending of Columns
21 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Innovative Buckling Restraining Stiffeners
22 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
ANSYS ANALYSIS PLANS
• Validate FEA simulation – Use ANSYS to model existing test specimens and loading and compare its prediction of behavior of specimens to actual test results. (this presentation)
• Case Study Model: Jinta Tower in Tianjing, China • Designed by S.O.M.
• Test by Tsinghua University
• Generic Low-, mid-, and high-rise structures using proposed innovative “buckling restrained” steel shear walls
23 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
ANSYS ANALYSIS PLANS • Case Study Model: Jinta Tower in Tianjing, China
• Designed by S.O.M.
• Test by Tsinghua University
www.timgriffith.com
24 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Test details
Reference: Nie et al(2013)
25 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Test details cont.
SPSW1 (Not Buckling Restrained)
Total lateral load vs overall drift
Inter-story lateral load vs inter-story drift
SPSW2 (Buckling Restrained)
26 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
• Using ANSYS we were able to simulate buckling behavior of two test specimens of steel shear walls.
• Also, using ANSYS, we simulated behavior of steel shear walls with vertical stiffeners acting as buckling restraining elements.
• This was our use of ANSYS and now we are embarking on simulating fracture crack initiation and propagation as well as cyclic yielding and buckling behavior simulation using ANSYS.
• The goal is to use ANSYS in developing an innovative buckling restrained steel shear wall for buildings to resist wind and seismic lateral forces.
Concluding Remarks
27 © 2014 ANSYS, Inc. May 19, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
We acknowledge and appreciate very valuable support and technical assistance received from Casey Heydari, Chris Cowan, and Cassandra Casteel , all of Ozen Engineering Inc.
Also, we appreciate the time and professional care that Ian Lockley and Ming Yao Ding, both of ANSYS Inc. spent with us in guiding us in our preparation of this presentation.
Acknowledgements