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Buhara Carpets Are Actually Turkmen Carpets - InDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON-IUB.edu

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TOP FIVE REASONS WHY YOU NEED TO KNOW TURKMEN 1. V ery, very ew people in America have learned or speak urkmen. Te growing importance o Central Asia has created a real shortage o experts in urkmen politics, e conomics, and society. Tose who study urkmen can nd careers in a variety o elds including translation and interpreting, academia, consulting, oreign service and intelligence,  journa lism, a nd many others . 2. urkmen is spoken not just in urkmenistan, but also in Aghanistan and even more  widel y in Ir an, wh ere th e urkmen are an important ethnic minority . urkmen can also be a gateway language to accessing the urkic languages spoken by millions o people in the ormer Soviet Union, China, and the Caucasus, including Azerbaijani, Uzbek, urkish, Kazakh, atar, and Uyghur. Tese regions are o vital strategic importance in the  world today! 3. urkmenistan is o ne o the largest countries in Central Asia and possesses the world’s ourth largest reserves o natural gas and substantial oil resources. Te United States is considered to be urkmenistan’s most prominent trade partner. Pipelines rom urkmenistan across the Caspian Sea to Azerbaijan and urkey are considered major strategic highways. As business par tnerships with urkmenistan and the USA grow, this creates a demand or educated Americans who are uent in urkmen. 4. urkmenistan is a r egion o numerous archeological sites o great interest. Te urkmen cities o Nisa, Anau, and Merv have been declared as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO and were once part o the ancient Bronze Age Bactria-Margian Archeological Complex and later the Scythian, Greek, Persian, and Arab empires.  W HO SP E A K S U Z B E K? Uzbeks are the most numerous urkic people in Central Asia. Tey predomi- nantly mostly live in Uzbekistan, a land- locked country o Central Asia that shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and north, Kyrgyzstan and ajikistan to the east, and Aghanistan and urkmenistan to the south. Many Uzbeks can also be ound in Aghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyr- gyzstan, ajikistan, urkmenistan and the  Xinjiang Uyghur A utonomous Region o China. Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region (CeLCAR) TURKMEN 718 Eigenmann Hall, 1900 East 10th Street, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47406 Phone: (812) 856-1230 Fax: (812) 856-1206 E-mail : [email protected]  W eb site: htt p:/ /ww w .ind iana .edu /~c elc ar 5. Learning urkmen is un! Te grammar o urkmen is consistent and the spelling is phonetic. Y es, learning urkmen can be challenging, but don’t orget the points you  won ’t have to wor ry about : noun gender , adjectives “agreement,” or irregular verbs. Best o all, by learning urkmen you will get to know the urkmen people, immerse yoursel in their rich cultural heritage, and experience their way o lie and the values they share. WHERE IN THE U.S.A CAN YOU LEARN TURKMEN? Te Summer Workshop in Slavic, East European and Central Asian Languages (SWSEEL) at Indiana University oers intensive courses o  urkmen. For more inormation, visit their  website at htt p://w ww .india na.edu/ ~swseel or contact them via email at [email protected]. WHERE CAN YOU OBTAIN RESOURCES FOR LEARNING TURKMEN? Te Center or Languages o the Central Asian Region (CeLCAR) at Indiana University develops materials or learning and teaching Central Asian languages. For more inormation, visit our website at http://www .indiana.edu/~celcar. Te Inner Asian and Uralic National Resource Center (IAUNRC) at Indiana University has a wide variety o urkmen books, videos, CDs, DVDs, costumes, and arti acts. Te center lends and ships these materials or use in the classroom ree o charge. For more inormation, visit their website or http://www.indiana.edu/~iaunrc or contact them via email at [email protected].
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7/30/2019 Buhara Carpets Are Actually Turkmen Carpets - InDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON-IUB.edu

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TOP FIVE REASONS WHY YOU NEEDTO KNOW TURKMEN

1. Very, very ew people in America have learnedor speak urkmen. Te growing importanceo Central Asia has created a real shortage

o experts in urkmen politics, economics,and society. Tose who study urkmen cannd careers in a variety o elds including translation and interpreting, academia,consulting, oreign service and intelligence, journalism, and many others.

2. urkmen is spoken not just in urkmenistan,but also in Aghanistan and even more widely in Iran, where the urkmen are animportant ethnic minority. urkmen canalso be a gateway language to accessing the

urkic languages spoken by millions o peoplein the ormer Soviet Union, China, and theCaucasus, including Azerbaijani, Uzbek,urkish, Kazakh, atar, and Uyghur. Teseregions are o vital strategic importance in the world today!

3. urkmenistan is one o the largest countries inCentral Asia and possesses the world’s ourthlargest reserves o natural gas and substantialoil resources. Te United States is consideredto be urkmenistan’s most prominent trade

partner. Pipelines rom urkmenistan acrossthe Caspian Sea to Azerbaijan and urkey are considered major strategic highways. Asbusiness partnerships with urkmenistanand the USA grow, this creates a demandor educated Americans who are uent inurkmen.

4. urkmenistan is a region o numerousarcheological sites o great interest. Teurkmen cities o Nisa, Anau, and Merv havebeen declared as World Heritage Sites by 

UNESCO and were once part o the ancientBronze Age Bactria-Margian ArcheologicalComplex and later the Scythian, Greek,Persian, and Arab empires.

 WHO SPEAKS UZBEK?Uzbeks are the most numerous urkicpeople in Central Asia. Tey predomi-

nantly mostly live in Uzbekistan, a land-locked country o Central Asia that sharesborders with Kazakhstan to the west andnorth, Kyrgyzstan and ajikistan to theeast, and Aghanistan and urkmenistanto the south. Many Uzbeks can also beound in Aghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyr-gyzstan, ajikistan, urkmenistan and the

 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region o 

China.

Center for Languages of theCentral Asian Region (CeLCAR)

TURKMEN

718 Eigenmann Hall, 1900 East 10th Street,

Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47406Phone: (812) 856-1230 Fax: (812) 856-1206E-mail : [email protected] Web site: http://www.indiana.edu/~celcar

5. Learning urkmen is un! Te grammaro urkmen is consistent and the spelling is phonetic. Yes, learning urkmen can bechallenging, but don’t orget the points you won’t have to worry about: noun gender,adjectives “agreement,” or irregular verbs. Besto all, by learning urkmen you will get toknow the urkmen people, immerse yoursel in their rich cultural heritage, and experiencetheir way o lie and the values they share.

WHERE IN THE U.S.A CAN YOULEARN TURKMEN?

Te Summer Workshop in Slavic, East Europeanand Central Asian Languages (SWSEEL) atIndiana University oers intensive courses o urkmen. For more inormation, visit their website at http://www.indiana.edu/~swseel orcontact them via email at [email protected].

WHERE CAN YOU OBTAIN RESOURCESFOR LEARNING TURKMEN?

Te Center or Languages o the Central AsianRegion (CeLCAR) at Indiana University developsmaterials or learning and teaching Central Asianlanguages. For more inormation, visit our websiteat http://www.indiana.edu/~celcar.

Te Inner Asian and Uralic National ResourceCenter (IAUNRC) at Indiana University has a widevariety o urkmen books, videos, CDs, DVDs,costumes, and artiacts. Te center lends and shipsthese materials or use in the classroom ree o charge. For more inormation, visit their website orhttp://www.indiana.edu/~iaunrc or contact themvia email at [email protected].

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7/30/2019 Buhara Carpets Are Actually Turkmen Carpets - InDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON-IUB.edu

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urkmen is mostly based on the eke and Yomutdialects.

WHAT ALPHABET DO THE TURKMEN USE?

Similar to other Central Asian urkic languages,urkmen has been written in a number o alphabets. Old urkic, a predecessor o all urkiclanguages including urkmen, was recorded inrunic script. Ater their conversion to Islam,the urkmen people used the Arabic script intheir writing. Under Soviet rule, urkmen rstadopted the Latin script. Later, in 1940, theLatin script was abolished and urkmen switchedto Cyrillic, as did almost all other peoples inthe Soviet Union. In the 1990s, ater the

collapse o the Soviet Union, the Latin script wasreintroduced. oday urkmen people who live inurkmenistan and in other post-Soviet states usea modied Latin script, while those who live inIran and Aghanistan use the Arabic script.

WHAT IS TURKMEN CULTURE LIKE?

raditionally, urkmenare nomadic people who or centuries

 were known or theirhorsemanship. Teurkmen horse, Akhal-eke, was bred or war and raiding and

is considered to be one the oldest surviving horse breeds. Amazingly resilient and tough,they became part o urkic oral epics, legendsand myths. It is said that the Chinese calledthem Heavenly Horses and waged wars just toacquire a ew o them. Owning such a horse was a dream o every noble Greek and Roman.

oday, the Akhal-eke breed is urkmenistan’snational emblem and source o cultural prideor the urkmen people.

 As were other nomadic cultures o Central Asia,urkmen culture wasviolently transormed by Soviet collectivization

policies and theaccompanying laws thatlimited the reedomo movement andrestricted nomadism.However, the urkmenstill retained much o their distinctive culture. Ater the collapse o theSoviet Union, many aspects o traditional culture have

been revived.One important art orm o the urkmen iscarpet-weaving. World-amous urkmen rugsand carpets are known in the West as “Bukhara rugs.” urkmen carpets are usually made o sheep or camel wool and are hand-woven.Tey stand out or their rich colors, original

patterns, high quality anddurability.

raditionally, urkmenpeople are a amily and

community orientedsociety. Each individualis usually identied withreerence to his or heramily and lineage. Similarto other Central Asiansocieties, many urkmenlive in extended amilies,

and it is not surprising to seetwo or three generations living under the sameroo. Within amilies, age is the most importantdeterminant o a person’s status. Te elderly are

highly respected and it is customary to consult with them beore making important decisions.

urkmen are the urkic people who mostly live in urkmenistan, a resource-rich country in southwestern Central Asia situated between

Iran, Aghanistan,Uzbekistan,Kazakhstan andthe Caspian Sea.urkmen minoritiesare also ound in Iran,

 Aghanistan, andUzbekistan.

WHAT KIND OF LANGUAGE IS TURKMEN?

urkmen belongs to the urkic group o languages, which includes languages such asKazakh, Uzbek, urkish, Uyghur, and atar.urkic languages have been spoken or many centuries across vast territory rom the Balkansto China. urkmen belongs to the East Oghuzsub-branch o the urkic languages, and canbe mutually intelligible with Azerbaijani andurkish. In other ways, however, it is similar toUzbek. Like all o the classic urkic languages,it has vowel harmony and agglutinativegrammar. Vowel harmony means that thevowels o the sufxes change to t the vowelsin the stem, and that vowels in the stems allall into certain classes. Agglutinative grammarmeans that each distinctive sufx indicatesonly one meaning and that these sufxes canbe reely attached to the word stem one ateranother in a set order. urkmen vocabulary has been inuenced by Arabic, Persian, andRussian. However, ater the collapse o theSoviet-Union, many Russian loanwords inurkmen were replaced with the original

urkmen ones.Major dialects include Yomut, eke, Salir, Sarik,Goklen, Arsari, and Chowdur. Modern written

WHO ARE THE TURKMEN?


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