Presented byLuke Cheng, Regional Vice President – Asia Pacific,
Citilabs Inc.Formerly MTA Transportation Planning Manager
Building a Multimodal Comprehensive Truck/Freight Modeling for Los Angeles Metropolitan Area
MTA’S ROLES
2,660 buses (as of Sep. 04)
73 miles of Metro Rail service
423 lane-miles of HOV lane
Commuter rail, transit, highways, arterial streets, bikeways, pedestrian connections, and demand reduction strategies.
Transit Operator/Infrastructure Builder:
Countywide Planning/Programming:Countywide Planning/Programming:
Southern California’s Freight Infrastructure
POLA/POLB – 1st & 2nd among all US Container Ports, 35% of all waterborne cargo, 11.8M TEU in 2003, 3rd in the world if combined.
LAX – 3rd in the nation, 6th in the world in cargo volume (1.8M tons in 2003)
UP & BNSF – Class I R/R, with 6 intermodal terminals (Hobart Yard, the largest, handled over 1.0M lift a year)
8900 – Lane-Miles of Freeways (many sections carrying over 20K trucks daily)
15000 – Miles of Major Arterials
Southern California’s Population will grow 22%: 2000-2020
In the mean time, freight movement will grow :
FUTURE GROWTH TRENDS
16.718.9
21.5
2000 2010 20200
5
10
15
20
25
Millions
91
319
2.2
309
527
8.90
100
200
300
400
500
600
Rail Truck Air
1995
2020
240%Increase
65%Increase
304%Increase
Mil
lio
ns
of
To
ns
Source: Southern California Association of GovernmentsSource: California Dept. of Finance
2001 LONG RANG TRANSPORTATION PLAN
Identified as an important issue
Need clearly defined strategy to accommodate anticipated freight growth
Take proactive role in working with all private and public stakeholders to develop solutions
On Freight/Truck Movement -
NEED BETTER FREIGHT PLANNING TOOLS Traditional Travel Demand Model is for
forecasting passenger traffic, not suitable for modeling freight/truck traffic
Freight/truck traffic occupies a substantial share of infrastructure capacity
Actual freight / truck movement data is required to build a good freight/truck model
Planners need better understanding and knowledge of how and why freight / truck move
MTA’S GOAL
Develop an
Innovative
Multimodal
Comprehensive
Truck/Freight Movement Model
TRUCK/FREIGHT MODELING
Movement To/From Sea Ports
Movement To/From Airports
All Non-Port/Airport Related Movement
Warehouse/Distribution center
Local delivery truck trips
Service oriented truck trips
Why Truck/Freight? --- Not all trucks are carrying freight and not all freight is on truck.
MODEL FRAMEWORK
(Overlap)
Non Port/Airport Sub Model
• • •
• • •
• • •
Port/Airport Sub Model
Sea Port
POLA
POLB
Airport
LAX
ONT
ExternalCordon
Intermodal Rail Yard
ICTF
Hobart
Industry
E. LA
SanBernardino
Rail
Highway
Warehouse/DCSub-model No. 1
Sub-model No. 2
Sub-model No. 3
Sub-model No. N
LTL Terminal
Manufacturer
Retailer
GasolineDistributor
FedEx/UPS
Ready MixedConcrete
??????
Multimodal Comprehensive Truck/Freight Model
MODEL CHARACTERISTICS
Comparatively Simpler Limited number of trip generators (ports, airports, rail intermodal yards) Out-of-region O/D => External cordon stations of regional highway/rail networks
Past effort have dealt with – POLA/LB Transportation Study SCAG Truck Count Study Airport Master Plan, …
Beyond Warehouse/DC – Unknown
Port/Airport Related Movement:
More Complex
numerous origins & destinations
multiple distinct types of operation:
LTL, TL, local delivery, construction
related, service oriented, …
Has not been analyzed systematically to date
Also involve Warehouse/DC
Non-Port/Airport Related Movement:
MODEL CHARACTERISTICS
One-stop reference for all truck/freight related Information for the Greater Los Angeles Metropolitan Area’ –
Major freight transportation facility
Freight Movement data (CFS, ITMS,…)
Truck trip generators (trucking industry, warehousing/DC)
Universe of trucks (DMV, type, size, GVW)
Truck traffic (counts, surveys, studies)
Truck involved accidents
COMPENDIUM OF TRUCK/FREIGHT INFORMATION
Objectives: To provide planners knowledge and
understanding of domestic truck/freight movements;
To develop a model framework for modeling domestic truck/freight movements; and
To recommend an approach for constructing a domestic truck/freight movement model
TRUCK/FREIGHT MODELING FRAMEWORK AND PREPARATION
TRUCKING FUNDAMENTALS Trucks come in a multitude of sizes and types Most classifications or descriptions of trucks are created
for specific purposes, often regulatory
FREIGHT FUNDAMENTALS Freight and service trucking are derived
demands– Demand for freight transportation is derived from the
requirement of shippers and receivers to move goods from where they are to where they are needed
– Demand for service trucking is derived from the customer’s service requirements
LOCAL TRUCKING
Local trucking accounts for most truck movements – not the long haul segment
Operations have three basic patterns – radial, peddle and multi-leg
Exhibit C –Multi-leg Operations Pattern
BASE
Origin #1 & #6Destination #1
Destination #4
Destination #2
Destination #3
Destination #5
Origin #5
Origin #4
Origins
Origin #2
Trip #1
Trip #6 (for relay at base)
Trip #4
Trip #5
Trip #3
Trip #2
Destinations
loaded
empty
Exhibit C –Multi-leg Operations Pattern
BASE
Origin #1 & #6Destination #1
Destination #4
Destination #2
Destination #3
Destination #5
Origin #5
Origin #4
Origins
Origin #2
Trip #1
Trip #6 (for relay at base)
Trip #4
Trip #5
Trip #3
Trip #2
Destinations
loaded
empty
RADIALRADIAL
PEDDLEPEDDLE
MULTI-LEGMULTI-LEG
SERVICE TRUCKING FUNDAMENTALS
Service trucking is the movement of a truck for the purpose of performing a service function (maintenance, utility work, etc).
Rarely has it been considered in planning or modeling efforts
74% of the Los Angeles metro area “truck” population is used in business or personal services– Most vehicles are small Class 1 or 2 pickups, SUVs, and
vans (GVW 10,000 lbs or less) often ignored in truck models
– Services accounts for a significant portion of medium-duty vehicles
Service providers make their money by stopping while freight haulers are paid to move
TRUCK/FREIGHT MODELING METHODS
State-of-the-practice: Link-based factoring Origin-Destination factoring 3-step freight truck models 4-step commodity models Economic activity models (Oregon) Hybrid (commodity and truck both) models
(SCAG HDT)
State-of-the-art: Logistics chain models (The Netherlands) Tour-based models (Calgary)
RECOMMENDED HYBRID MODEL FRAMEWORK
A Hybrid Model combining: Logistics chain models for agriculture
products, petroleum and coal, forestry, mining,…
Tour-based models for textile, apparel, electronics and appliance, furniture,…, and services
LOGISTICS BASED MODEL COMPONENT Focus on how shipments move from producer to
consumer Include mode choice decisions Three layers: economic, logistics and transport 38% of local commodities is eligible for this approach Four illustrative logistics chains are:
Focus on linking a series of legs and trips into a single tour
Can be used for truck trips not more accurately described by logistic models
A series of disaggregate logit models No mode choice is involved
TOUR BASED MODEL COMPONENT
IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH
Phase I – Prototype Logistics-chain and Tour-based model for one industry
Phase II – Remaining industries and model validation.
Why Cube Cargo? Cube Cargo is the only modeling software
available to date that is specifically developed to simulate regional and urban truck/freight movements;
Successfully applied in over 20 studies in 10 European nations including Germany, France, Belgium, Norway, Denmark, Greece and Italy;
Multimodal - It treats truck and rail separately; Beyond HDT - It models local delivery, service
truck trips and tour-based trips; Contained Logistic Chain and Tour Based Concept Cube Cargo is a module of Cube system, a family
of travel demand modeling software, which integrates modeling of automobiles, transit and truck/freight in one system.
INTERIM CUBE CARGO MODEL
A COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM
Microsimulation
Air Quality
Passenger Freight
place
product
Land Use
price
promotion
targetmarket
CubeDynasim
Cube Polar
Cube VoyagerCube Cargo
ArcGIS
ArcGIS
Cube Land
ArcGIS
ArcGIS
CubeBase
Cube Base:
•ArcGIS
•Viper
•GIS Tools
•Model Building Tools
•Scenario Management Tools
TP+
TRIPS
TRANPLAN
CUBE CARGO AND Cube DYNASIM MODEL
1. A preliminary multi-modal truck/freight model
2. PC Tranplan/Cube Voyager format of MTA passenger model
3. GIS based highway and transit networks
4. A preliminary micro-simulation of the I-710 between I-5 and Bandini/Atlantic interchange