Building Aviation Connectivity
in IndonesiaResearch and Development Activities in
Aerospace Design, Air Transport Engineering
and Operations
Aircraft Design, Operations and Maintenance Research Division
Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Email: [email protected]
Hisar M. Pasaribu
“…to better serve you design a solution for your operation and maintenance”
Presented at APEN Asia Africa Aerial and Optical Silk Road ConferenceAula Barat ITB, 12 November 2015
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Presentation Outline
A Brief Introduction to Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute Teknologi Bandung
Building Aviation Connectivity in Indonesia
AE Research and Development Activities
1
2
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DEPT. OF AERONAUTICS AND
ASTRONAUTICS,INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
A Brief Introduction to
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Faculties and Schools
Faculty of
Art and Design
Faculty of
Civil and Environmental
Engineering
Faculty of Math and
Natural Sciences
School of
Architecture, Planning
And policy Development
School of
Pharmacy
Faculty of Mechanical
and Aerospace
Engineering
Faculty of
Industrial
Technology
Faculty of
Mining and Petroleum
Engineering
School of
Electrical Engineering
and Informatics
School of
Business and
Management
Faculty of
Earth Sciences
and Technology
School of
Life Sciences
and Technology
Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
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Number of Faculty
Total 84
Professors 12
Assoc. Professors 18
Assist. Professors 54
Research Divisions
Mechanical Design 12
Energy Conversion 21
Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering 9
Material Science and Engineering 13
Flight Physics 12
Light-weight Structures and Materials 9
Aircraft Design, Operations and Maintenance 8
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Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Degree Programs Bachelor in Engineering
Master in Engineering
Doctoral Degree
Non Degree Programs Credit Earning Activity (Polman, LAPAN)
Training in Airport System (BPSDM)
Research Collaborations Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)
National Aeronautics and Space Institute (LAPAN)
Research and Development Institute, Ministry of Defense
Research and Development Institute, Ministry of Transportation
PT. Regio Aviasi Industri (RAI)
Established in 1962
2 Main Streams in Study Programs:
Aeronautical Product Design
Aviation Engineering (Operations and Maintenance)
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BUILDING AVIATION CONNECTIVITY IN INDONESIA
Some Notes on
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Building Aviation Connectivity in Indonesia
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Locally Integrated, Globally Connected
Airports
Service Improvement through the Use of Technology and
Qualified Human Resources
Supporting Infrastructure
Capacity Enhancement
(Airline, Airport and Airspace)
Reliable and Safe Air Transport Operators
Air Transport Networks
Connectivity relates to the ease with which people or goods can be moved between desired origins and destinations
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AIR TRANSPORT ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS
Research Activities in
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Service Improvement through the Use of Technology
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Design, Build and Installation of a Radar Data Processing and Display System (RDPS) at Medan Polonia Airport
Medan ACC (Area Control Center)Air Traffic Situation Display
Customer: PT. (Persero) Angkasa Pura II
RDPS is a computer-based tool for assisting air traffic controllers to monitor, control and guide air traffic in an airspace sector.
It tracks, processes, and displays traffic situation in a window-based control station.
It helps to provide safe traffic separation, thereby improving traffic flow and increasing airspace capacity.
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Design, Build and Installation of a Radar Data Processing and Display System (RDPS) at Medan Polonia Airport
The Radar Data Processing and Display System (RDPS) performs the following functions:a. Accept primary and secondary radar data from up to 16 radars;b. Process and format the data combined from all sensors for viewing on up to 20 consoles
in the Area Control Centre and remote sites; and viewing at an optional positions in the Control Tower;
c. Display the data at each user position (console);d. Accept flight plan data and combine with radar data;e. Provide Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (MSAW) and Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA),
and Danger Area Intrusion Alarm functions;f. Process user requests for data and control;g. Provide on-line validity checking and alarm;h. Provide on-line malfunction detection and alarm; andi. Provide fail-safe degraded mode operation and back-up.j. In addition to these functions each console (as an option) is capable of receiving radar
data directly from all radars. This is referred to as the bypass function.
RDPS Functionalities
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Design, Build and Installation of a Radar Data Processing and Display System (RDPS) at Medan Polonia Airport
System Configuration
The system has been in operation since 2007.
It provides control over airspace from Pekanbaruto Aceh, from Batam to Indian Ocean.
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Development of Tunnel in the Sky for Flight Navigation in Indonesian Airspace
The objective is to provide pilots with information
of where the aircraft is relative to the desired
flight path and what action needs to be taken to
stay on course.
High quality situational awareness is required for
low flying through mountainous landscape.
The advent of light computer tablets with high
quality 3-D display processing capability can
provide low cost solution.
The system configuration:
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Handheld GPS PC Tablet
Tunnel in the Sky
Flight Information
Data and display processing
Positional data sensor
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Development of Tunnel in the Sky for Flight Navigation in Indonesian Airspace
The Enarotali-Timika route is used for system
verification and validation.
The tunnel size is designed based on the largest
type, Twin Otter aircraft.
The tunnels are positioned at 300 m. interval along
the routes, totaling 280 square sections.
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ENAROTALI
03 55 33.14 S
136 22 39.57 E
Papua
IslandTIMIKA
04 31 01.21 S
136 52 01.10 E
WAGHETE
04 02 37.20 S
136 16 34.79 E
TANJUNG
03 54 51.48 S
136 17 12.48 E
3,000 m SL
2,400 m SL
3000 m
open tunnel
for performing
turning maneuver
2000 m from RW 08
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Development of Tunnel in the Sky for Flight Navigation in Indonesian Airspace
The tunnel design is verified through flight
testing in the Engineering Flight Simulator.
The route is flown by a single engine Cessna
172P Skyhawk.
To reflect real situations, a bad weather condition is used for the flight testing, in which fog covers the area resulting in much reduced pilot visibility.
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TIMIKAInset (b)
Inset (a)ENAROTALI
TANJUNG
WAGHETE
Tunnels from the front view
Tunnels in the perspective view
Actual flight path in the Engineering Flight Simulator
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AIR TRANSPORT ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS
Research Activities in
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Capacity Enhancement(Airline, Airport and Airspace)
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Design and Analysis of a GNSS-Landing System (GLS) Approach Procedure at Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport
Simulated Flight Trajectory of an RNAV/GPS Approach to Runway 25R
Instrument Approach RNAV (GNSS) RWY 25L
Segment of the Approach Procedure
The objective is to analyze the effectiveness of a GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation System) -based precision approach procedure at Jakarta Soekarno-HattaInternational Airport.
The design of the precision approach procedure follows the ICAO PANS-OPS Doc 8168 Vo. II Part III Section 6.
OAS (Obstacle Assessment Surface) Template for Runway25R Aircraft Category C/D
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Simulation trackDesired track
Approach Trajectory to Runway 25L
Offline analysis with MatLab
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 16000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
Time (second)
Altitude (
feet)
Altitude Flight Simulation APP07L
Simulator X-Plane
as Server LAN
HUB
Simulation Display
LAN Client-01 LAN Client-02
Web Server ITB
Simulator Client-Server Network
Flight simulation for verification and validation was performed using the X-Plane, Google Earth5 and MatLab/Simulink based Engineering Flight Simulator at the Aircraft Design, Operations and Maintenance Research Group, ITB
Simulation was performed using Boeing 777-200 aircraft
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3 4 5
6
Flight Parameters were recorded for analysis.
Design and Analysis of a GNSS-Landing System (GLS) Approach Procedure at Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport
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Development of Air Traffic Model at Jakarta Soekarno-HattaInternational Airport
There is a significant difference in capacity at SHIA as compared to other airports of similar layout.
Capacity constraint leads to air traffic congestion, thereby increasing operational costs and reducing safety and service levels.
To develop a realistic air traffic model at SHIA that can be used to establish scenarios for increasing capacity
Background
Objectives
The model is developed based on MatLab SimEventstaking into account:1. Airside configuration of the airport (runways,
taxiways, aprons, etc.)2. Air traffic procedure into and out of SHIA3. Traffic demand rate4. Safety standards in terms of aircraft separations
between various aircraft categories
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Development of Air Traffic Model at Jakarta Soekarno-HattaInternational Airport
Different traffic scenarios can be analyzed to establish a procedure that can anticipate real changes in demand pattern
Results
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Del
ay (
min
)
Movement
Delay vs Aircraft MovementEqual Departure:Arrival Demand Without Feedback
TOTAL DLA ARR DLA DEP DLA
Practical Capacity80 Mov/Hr
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
55 65 75 85 95 105
Del
ay (
min
s)
Movement
Delay vs Aircraft Movement 70:30 Departure:Arrival Demand
Ratio
ARR DLA DEP DLA AVG DLA
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
55 65 75 85 95 105
Del
ay (
min
s)
Movement
Delay vs Aircraft Movement 30:70 Departure:Arrival Demand Ratio
DEP DLA ARR DLA AVG DLA
Different feedback scenarios can be analyzed to establish a procedure that can anticipate real changes in demand pattern Increasing inter-arrival separation to ease
departure congestion Rerouting traffic to other waypoints in case of
side imbalance
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Development of a Multi-Airport Simulation Model for Airport Slot and Traffic Disruption Management
Flight scheduling can be arranged to reduce traffic
congestion at busy major airports.
Rearranging flight schedules to and from busy airports
can reduce delays not only at the airports but also at
the other corresponding airports.
The study utilizes a multi-airport simulation model by
taking into account the corresponding airport
capacities, flight separation criteria, aircraft rotation
and expected flight delays.
The study performed at 6 busiest major airports in
Indonesia indicates that airborne delays can be
significantly reduced by slightly rearranging flight
schedules.
The model can be used to analyze the impact of
airline’s additional flight requests to the traffic
pattern.
0 1 2 3 4 5 >5
0
5
10
15
20
deviation from initial shedule (minute)
Am
ou
nt f
ligh
t fr
om
Fo
cus
Air
po
rt
DepartureArrival
21
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Development of a Multi-Airport Simulation Model for Airport Slot and Traffic Disruption Management
The model is expanded for traffic disruption management in case of one airport is
suddenly unavailable for service.
The solution can be either rearranging flight schedules to and from the disrupted
airports or deviating ongoing flights to the alternate airports.
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A-FA
A-FC
B-FY
B-FZ
003
301
221
813
303
231
821
004
308
227
851
007
234
Disruption Period
Disruption effected flight events
014
245
0
50
100
150
200
0 2 4 6
Axi
s Ti
tle
Disruption Duration (hr)
Number of Delayed FlightsCGK Closure at 07.00
Run1 Run2 Run3 Run4 Run5
0
5
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Jum
lah
Rer
ou
ted
Disruption Duration (hr)
Number of Rerouted FlightsCGK Closure at 07.00
Run1 Run2 Run3 Run4 Run5
0
50
100
150
0 2 4 6
Jum
lah
Can
celle
d
Disruption Duration (hr)
Number of Cancelled FlightsCGK Closure at 07.00
Run1 Run2 Run3 Run4 Run5
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Aircraft Flight Trajectory Reconstruction for Aviation Safety Analysis
Aircraft accident analysis has been heavily relied on data
recorder in the Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice
Recorder (the so called black box) for establishing
accurate analysis of the probable causes of accident.
In the rare event in which the data in black box cannot be
recovered, available data from other sources can be used
to reconstruct the flight to provide clues as to what
happen leading to the accident.
The objective is to identify probable cause by establishing
the most probable flight scenarios.
Flight reconstruction is carried out in the Engineering
Flight Simulator by using data obtained from various
sources (radar track recording, ATC communication, etc.)
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118.45 118.5 118.55 118.6
-4.095
-4.09
-4.085
-4.08
-4.075
-4.07
-4.065
-4.06
-4.055
-4.05
-4.045
Latitude vs Longitude
Latitu
de [
deg]
Longitude [deg]
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Aircraft Flight Trajectory Reconstruction for Aviation Safety Analysis
Several event and flight scenarios are established based
on the analysis of the available data.
The flight can then be reconstructed to closely follow the
trajectory.
Flight parameters are continuously recorded for off-line
analysis.
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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
4 Altitude History
Altitude [
ft]
time [sec]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140420
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
620Ground Speed History
Gro
und S
peed [
knots
]
time [sec]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-10
-5
0
5
10Angle of Attack History
AoA
[deg]
time [sec]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-5
0
5
10Beta Angle History
Beta
Angle
[deg]
time [sec]
Based on flight data analysis for the most probable
scenario, the probable causes of the accident can be
identified.
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AEROSPACE VEHICLE DESIGN ANDENGINEERING SIMULATIONS
Research and Development Activities in
25
Service Improvement through the Use of Qualified Human Resources
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Design of Trainer Aircraft
The project is sponsored by the Institute for Research and Development ,
Ministry of Transportation, Indonesia, for 3 (three) years (2013-2015).
The objective is to design and build a two-seat trainer aircraft prototype
for flight training.
2013: Conceptual design
2014: Preliminary design and manufacturing engineering
2015: Detail design and manufacture
MTOW = 650 kg.
Empty weight = 380 kg.
Wing area: 9.4 m2.
Engine: Avco Lycoming IO-320B 140 hp
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Design of Trainer Aircraft
At present the activities include:
Preliminary sizing
Aerodynamic design and analysis
Flight performance, stability and control analysis
Preliminary definition of structural layout
Preliminary systems design
Budget and cost estimate
CL
CD
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.0 0.5 1.0
S h /
S
xcg / cbar
Stall Landing
take off rotation
Stick FixedManeuver PointDesain
Stick Fixed StaticStability
Control and stability analysis
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Research and Development in Engineering Simulators
The objective is to use the simulator for cockpit familiarization and operational
training for pilots.
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Development of WiSE Craft Engineering Flight Simulator
Marker
1. Development of out-of-window view :
Day and night out-of-window view
Test Area out-of-window view
Stall Warning Light
2. Development of audio system
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3. Development of simulated instruments
WiSE EFS Cockpit Panel
Research and Development in Engineering Simulators
Microcontroller on the board
Sofware Functional Test on Hardware System
5. Development of Q-feel System
4. Development of Simulation Software
Simulator Software on Matlab/Simulink Executable Simulator Software
SIMplifly.EXE
6. Integration
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Research and Development in Engineering Simulators
The WiSE EFS is extensively used for pilot familiarization
and training.
The EFS has been further developed to include other
aircraft dynamics and can be used for many purposes:
30
Fighter air combat simulation and analysis
Aircraft accident analysis
Flight verification and validation of a GNSS-based
landing approach procedure.
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AEROSPACE VEHICLE DESIGN
Research and Development Activities in
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Reliable and Safe Air Transport Operators
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A collaborative research and development activity between the Aircraft Design, Operations and Maintenance Research Division and the Flight Physics Research Division of the Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.
Fully funded by the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology of Indonesia.
The aim is to provide a safe, fuel –efficient, high-speedtransportation mode between islands of Indonesia.
Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology
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Wing in Surface Effect (WiSE) craft, or popularly known as
Wing in Ground Effect (WiG) craft is an air vehicle which
operates at very low-altitude to gain improved lift-drag
ratio by mean of a phenomenon known as ground effect.
This phenomenon leads to fuel efficiency and finally
reducing the flight cost
The research and development activities cover
configuration studies, design, analysis, and
manufacturing of sub-scaled and full-scaled models.
33
Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology
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1. Studies on configuration designs, structures, performances, stabilities, controls, etc
3. Flight Testing of Remote Controlled (RC) models
2. Experiments and data gathering
4. Prototyping of 2-seater and 8-seater configurations
5. Flight Simulator Development
Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology
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Concept validation is performed through design, build and flight test of remotely
piloted sub-scaled models of different configurations.
35
Rectangular Wing Configuration
Shouldered ReversedDelta Wing Configuration
Simple Reversed Delta Wing Configuration
Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology
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The research concludes at design, analysis and manufacturing of a full-scaled 8-
seater WiGE craft
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Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology