What would you prefer?

 Living in a WAR zone

orLiving in a PEACE zone?

Living in a WAR zone?or

Living in a PEACE zone?

99.9% of all human beingswould prefer to live in a

 PEACE ZONE.  So why do human beings spend

so much time waring with each other?

What actions lead human beings.

to WAR?

What actions lead human beings

to PEACE?

Why is it so easy for us to come up with examples of actions that cause 

WAR but hard for us to come up

with examples of actions that cause 

PEACE?

 

Thinking just because we are not waring is all we need to do to create PEACE

was tried by past generations

and it failed worldwide.   

Yes peace is the absence of war.Yes peace requires us to ACT in peaceful ways.

 Most people have very few strategies or

experiences to call on when confronted with stressful situations

 that need peaceful ACTIONS.

WHY?

What the major part of humanity has are centuries of learned strategies and experiences 

on how to ACT in wars and very few strategies and experiences on how

 to ACT Peacefully.

 It is even believed in some

scientific circles that human beings are incapable of acting peacefully

and are doomed to war like actions for ever.

Under stress human beings instincts of 

FIGHT, FLIGHT or FREEZE 

are strategies hardwired into them to survive and act in stressful situations throughout the vulnerable child stage

 of humanities evolution.

 

When human beings arrive at the doorway of maturity

they need to beeducated on how to ACT as

PEACEMAKERS

PEACEMAKERSNEED TO KNOW

HOW TO BUILD BRIDGES OF

FRIENDSHIP

ACTIONS OF

FRIENDSHIP

WILL ALWAYS SPEAK LOUDER

THAN ANY THOUGHTS OR WORDS

Building

FRIENDSHIPS is like Building

Bridges…

This is what it looked like before a bridge was built there in Western Australia.  Where do you think this place is?

Aerial view from the same place in the last image before the Narrows Bridge was built.  

Check out what the city of Perth looked like around 1955.

Narrows Bridge history…1849 site suggested as a suitable location for a bridge, Perth Western Australia.

1899 (49years later) A bridge was proposed for the site but the cost of £13,000 was too high.

1947 (48 years later) Preliminary planning for a bridge at this site finally began but was suspended so that a replacement bridge at the Causeway could be built at Heirisson Island Perth.

1954 (7 years later) Site investigations for the bridge began once more.

1957 Contract for construction of the bridge was signed.

1958 The last river pile was driven home. 

1959 Final concrete beam was lowered into position.

1959 110 years from 1st recorded suggestion to build the           Narrows Bridge  it was officially opened and took            2 years and 5 months to complete construction.# The Narrows Bridge was the largest precast prestressed concrete bridge in the world at the time of its opening.# The Narrows Bridge ended up costing £1.5 million. # The road system to connect the Narrows Bridge to surrounding communities and the Perth City cost a further £3.5 million.# The Narrows Bridge formed part of the new Kwinana Freeway, which originally ran 2.4 miles (3.9 km) and at the time was described as the "most modern highway" in Western Australia, with a speed limit of 50 miles.# Today the Kwinana Freeway is a 72-kilometre (45 miles) freeway linking central Perth  with Mandurha.  It is the central section of State Route 2, which continues north as Mitchell Freeway  to Joondalup, and south as Forrest Highway towards Bunbury.   (207km)  

Construction of the Narrows Bridge connecting South Perth with Kings Park and the city centre, Perth Western Australia around 1958.

Aerial view of the Narrows Bridge completed around 1960. Kings Park bottom left  and the Perth City top left.  NOTE at that stage 1 bridge with 2 lanes only.

Diverse Bridge

building stylesthroughout

history and the world.

Arkadiko/Kazarma Bridge (Argolis, Greece)…This humble Mycenaean bridge constructed around 1300 B.C. is believed to be the oldest arch bridge

 in the world still in use today. Situated on the Nauplion-Epidaurus highway, the Arkadiko Bridge was built using Cyclopean limestone 

boulders and measures 22metres long and 2.5meters wide. This bridge, linking the ancient cities of Tiryns and Epidaurus, was primarily 

erected for the passage of chariots. While the days of the chariot have long passed, this astounding bridge still remains and is used today by local villagers in the vicinity thousands of years later. 

Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct…) One of the oldest and most remarkable Roman hydraulic works

The bridge is 48.77m high, has three levels and was built between 40 and 60 AD 

It crosses the river Gardon near Nimes (south of France).

1Questions…1..Are all bridges constructed in the same way? 2..Are all bridges made out of the same materials? 3..Are the bridges we build today made out of the same materials and designed in the same way as the bridges that were built hundreds of years ago? 4..Do all bridges last for ever? 5..What kind of maintenance do you think is needed to keep a bridge from crumbling? 6..What do you do when a bridge collapses?

 Students to turn to another student and take turns in talking about what answer they would give to each of these questions. After a short time students are asked to share to the whole group their answers.