Date post: | 02-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | linus-vasquez |
View: | 21 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Building Community
CapitalDr Trevor Hancock
Health Promotion Consultant
Victoria BC, Canada
Outline1.Community Capital
2. Development
3. Partners
4. Community Development- Building Community Capital
1. Community Capital
Health and Wealth
“ A nation’s health is a nation’s wealth.”
Masthead of The Sanitarian, published in Britain in the 19th century
What is Wealth?
Experts in ‘alternative economics’ have long suggested that wealth consists of four forms of capital.That view is increasingly accepted by, among others, the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, even (parts of) Wall Street.
Economic capital
Economic capital - the means
•creation of adequate wealth and healthy jobs
•equitable distribution of wealth and income
•ecologically sustainable development
Natural capital
Economic capital
Natural capital - the bedrock
• high environmental quality- air, water, soil
• healthy ecosystems andsustainable resources
• habitat and wildlife conservation
Natural Capitalism
• Increase productivity of natural resources– implement whole
system design– adopt innovative
technologies
• Shift to biologically inspired production models– closed loop systems
• Move to solutions-based business model– services (e.g.
illumination) not goods
• Reinvest in natural capital
(Lovins, Lovins and Hawken, 1999)
Economic capital
Natural capital
Socialcapital
Social capital - the glue
Three aspects of social capital• social cohesion and ‘civicness’
(Putnam)• public investment in the ‘soft’
social infrastructure (health services, education, social services, libraries etc)
• the judicial, political and constitutional infrastructure of society
Socialcapital
Humancapital
Natural capital
Economic capital
Human capital - the end
• educated, innovative, creative people
• participatory governance and civil rights
• healthy people
Social v human capital
Social capital is distinguished from human capital in that it does not exist within any single individual but instead is concerned with the structure of relationships between and among individuals. Coleman, 1998
Socialcapital
Humancapital
Natural capital
Economic capital
The four forms of community capital
Healthy Community
model
Global WealthA 1995 World Bank study suggested that of the world’s total wealth
•20% is ‘produced assets’ (economic wealth)
•20% is ecological (natural) capital
•60% is a combination of social and human capital
2. Development
What is Development?
“ A gradual unfolding or growth”
Chambers 20th Century Dictionary, 1972 edition
Health and Development
The four forms of wealth require four forms of development if health is to be maximised.
Economic development
•development of the economy to provide the means of ensuring that the basic determinants of health are adequately met, thus avoiding absolute material deprivation– enables us to ‘purchase’ health
Social development
•development of the communities and societies of people to ensure that everyone has an equal opportunity of benefiting from development, thus reducing relative material and psychosocial deprivation and ensuring social equity and health.
Sustainable development
•development in a manner that is indefinitely environmentally sustainable, ensuring that future generations and other species can continue to survive and thrive, while providing for economic, social and human development today and in the future.
Human development
•ensuring that every human being attains their fullest possible human potential.
Real CapitalismReal capitalists do not build just one form of capital - economic capital - by depleting the other three forms of capital.They build all four forms of capital.
A New Capitalism for the 21st Century
The new capitalism must simultaneously increase
•ecological capital•social capital•economic capital•human capital
3. Partners
How is Health Produced?
The main determinants of health are• peace• food• shelter • education • income • stable ecosystem• sustainable • social justice and resources equity
Ottawa Charter for Health WHO, 1986
Who Produces Health?
Those who• build peaceful relations, locally
and globally• grow our food• build our homes and
communities• educate our kids • create good jobs
Partners for health• Public sector
– local government– local schools
• Community/NGO sector• Faith organisations• Private sector• Labour unions• etc.
Who should be our private sector
partners?Those whose bottom line improves when our bottom line improves.
–then we share a common interest
Caveat partner!Don’t partner with those who
•make money from selling ill health– the tobacco industry and others
•lose or don’t make money if the health of the population improves– the ‘medical-industrial complex’?
•profit in ways that harm health
Private Sector Partners for Health
Whose bottom line improves when the public’s health improves?
• health and life insurance companies
• tourism and recreation industries• sport and fitness industries• all businesses
Who are the real creators of health in that they provide the basic determinants of health?
• food producers• home builders• teachers• clean water industries• creators of healthful employment
Partners/2
Partners/3
Who is already working to increase all four forms of capital simultaneously?
• community gardeners• community-based energy
retrofits• public transportation
4. Community Development-
Building Community Capital
Some examples
Community gardens•Social capital–Working together– Learning about food from
other cultures– Inter-generational links
•Ecological capital–Creating greenspace–Organic production
Community gardens
•Economic capital–Reducing cost of food –Creating local employment
•Human capital–Being active – learning about food and nature– eating better
Energy Retro-fits in housing
•Social capital–Working together–Creating local planning group
•Ecological capital–Saving energy–Reducing greenhouse gases
and other pollutants
Energy Retro-fits in housing
•Economic capital–Creating local employment – Increasing disposable income
•Human capital– Improving health via better
housing quality –Acquiring skills and
knowledge
Public transit
•Social capital–The ‘great democratiser’– Increases access for people
without cars•Ecological capital–Saving energy–Reducing greenhouse gases
and other pollutants
Public transit
•Economic capital–Reduced cost of living – Increased disposable income
•Human capital–Reduced disease due to air
pollution–Safer mode of transport–More active way of commuting
It takes a whole community to raise
healthy people