32
for Buildings Energy Efficiency Ordinance (Chapter 610) Building Energy Code (BEC) and Energy Audit Code (EAC) (2012 Edition) 1
for Buildings Energy Efficiency Ordinance
(Chapter 610)
Building Energy Code (BEC) and Energy Audit Code (EAC)
(2012 Edition)
1
Overview of BEC Key Energy Efficiency Requirements
Lighting Installation
Max Allowable Lighting
Power Density
Lighting Control
Electrical Installation
Motor Efficiency
Power Distribution Loss
Power Quality
Energy Metering
Lift and escalator
installation
Electrical Power
Power Quality
Energy Metering
Lift Decoration Load
Lift ventilation
Air-conditioning Installation
Coeff of Performance
System Fan Power
Piping Frictional Loss
Thermal Insulation
Energy Efficient Control
Design conditions
Energy Metering
2
Not regarded as installations to which the BEEO applies –
Exterior to a building – façade lighting, outdoor lighting
Not of fixed type, connected via flexible cable with plug
Integral to equipment or instrumentation (separate switch)
Signage
BEC Lighting Installations
3
Type of Space LPD （W/m2)
Entrance Lobby 15
Workshop 14
Public Circulation Area 15
Lift Lobby 12
Corridor 10
Car Park 6
Toilet / Washroom / Shower Room 13
Office 15
Conference / Seminar Room 16
Staircase 8
Plant Room / Machine Room / Switch Room 12
BEC Lighting Installations
Max Allowable Lighting Power Density (W/m2)
Space with fixed lighting installation at or exceeding 100W
LPD = Total wattage of fixed lighting installation
Internal floor area of that space
4
Lighting control
Lighting to which the BEEO is applicable and lighting to
which the BEEO is not applicable : separate switch
Min No. of Lighting Control Points for Office Space
Space Area A (m2) N (N : integer)
15 x (N -1) < A 15 x N 0 < N 10
30 x (N-6) < A 30 x (N – 5) 10 < N 20
50 x (N -12) < A 50 x (N-11) N > 20
BEC Lighting Installations
Area
(m2)
> 0
-
15
> 15
-
30
> 30
-
45
> 45
-
60
> 60
-
75
> 75
-
90
> 90
-
105
> 105
-
120
> 150
-
180
> 450
-
500
N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 21
5
Not regarded as installations to which the BEEO applies –
Equipment on high voltage (e.g. chiller)
BEC Air-conditioning Installations
6
Air distribution system fan power@ for conditioned space
CAV ≦ 1.6 W / L/s (supply system air flow);
VAV ≦ 2.1 W / L/s (supply system air flow) @ Sum of fan motor power of supply air fan &
return air fan (excluding fan power for
fresh air only or for exhaust only)
Exception : System power < 5 kW;
Fan motor power < 1 kW (e.g. FCU)
VAV fan (supply or return) with motor output power≧5 kW
at 50% design flow, motor demands ≦ 55% input power
Full
Load
Part
Load
BEC Air-conditioning Installations
Air distribution ductwork leakage limit
Ductwork designed for > 750 Pa : min 25% leak-tested (DW143)
and meet corresponding leakage limits
7
Variable speed pump with motor output power ≧ 5 kW
At 50% flow, motor demands ≦ 55% input power
Piping system frictional loss
Piping Φ > 50 mm : frictional loss ≦ 400 Pa/m
& flow velocity ≦ 3 m/s
Piping Φ ≦ 50 mm : flow velocity ≦ 1.2 m/s
BEC Air-conditioning Installations
8
Min Coefficient of Performance (COP) of Chiller
Air-cooled
Compressor Scroll Screw Centrifugal
Capacity
Range (kW) All Ratings
Min COP 2.7 2.9 2.8
Water-cooled
Compressor Scroll Screw Centrifugal
Capacity
Range (kW) Below
500 kW
500 - 1000 kW
Above 1000 kW
Below 500 kW
500 - 1000 kW
Above 1000 kW
Below 500 kW
500 - 1000 kW
Above 1000 kW
Min COP 4.1 4.6 5.2 4.6 4.7 5.5 5.1 5.6 5.7
BEC Air-conditioning Installations
9
Min COP of Unitary Air-conditioner
Type of
Cooling Air-cooled
Water-
cooled
Capacity
range (kW)
7.5 kW & below,
of types outside the
scope of Energy
Efficiency (Labelling of
Products) Ordinance
Above 7.5 kW
& below 40 kW
40 -
200
kW
Above
200 kW All Ratings
Min COP 2.4 for split type
2.1 for non-split type
2.4 2.6 3
3 for VRF 2.9 for VRF
Unitary air-conditioner of type under scope of Energy Efficiency
(Labelling of Products) Ordinance (Cap. 598)
Fulfilling Energy Efficiency Grade 2 or Grade 1
BEC Air-conditioning Installations
10
Thermal insulation – Min Thickness for Chilled Water Pipework
Ambient Outdoor Unconditioned Space Conditioned
Space
Thermal conductivity
(W/m-oC) 0.024 0.04 0.024 0.04 0.024 0.04
Surface coefficient
h (W/m2-0C) 9 13.5 9 13.5 5.7 10 5.7 10 any value
Pipe outer diameter do Insulation thickness (mm)
21.3 mm 20 15 30 22 29 19 43 28 13 13
26.9 mm 21 15 32 23 31 20 46 29 13 13
42.4 mm 23 17 35 25 34 21 50 32 13 25
60.3 mm 25 18 38 27 36 23 54 35 13 25
76.1 mm 26 18 40 28 38 24 57 36 14 25
114.3 mm 27 19 42 30 41 25 62 39 14 25
168.3 mm 29 20 45 32 43 26 66 41 14 25
219.1 mm 29 20 47 32 44 27 69 42 15 25
323.9 mm 30 21 49 34 46 28 73 44 15 25
406.4 mm 31 21 50 34 47 28 75 45 15 25
BEC Air-conditioning Installations
11
Ambient Outdoor Unconditioned Space Conditioned
Space
Thermal conductivity
(W/m-oC) 0.024 0.04 0.024 0.04 0.024 0.04
Surface coefficient
h (W/m2-0C) 9 13.5 9 13.5 5.7 10 5.7 10 any value
Temperature difference
between air inside duct/casing
and surrounding Ductwork & Casing Insulation thickness (mm)
15 0C 20 13 33 22 31 18 52 30 15 25
20 0C 27 18 46 30 43 25 72 41 15 25
Pipe outer diameter d0 (mm) Refrigerant Pipework Insulation thickness (mm) *
15 mm 22 16 33 24 31 20 47 30 13 13
28 mm 25 18 38 28 36 23 54 35 13 25
42 mm 28 20 41 30 40 25 59 38 13 25
Thermal Insulation – Min Thickness for Ductwork & Refrigerant Pipe
BEC Air-conditioning Installations
* for line temp at 00C 12
System Control
Off-hours control during periods of non-use
• Each system to have auto control to reduce energy through control
setback or equipment shutdown
Exception : system ≦10 kW cooling/heating capacity may be controlled by
readily accessible manual off-hour control
Each zone controlled by separate temperature control
• Zone normally not on separate floors
Each air-conditioned system provided with automatic
temperature control
Design conditions
Outdoor and Indoor, for Load Calculation
BEC Air-conditioning Installations
13
Energy Metering
Chilled/heated water plant ≧ 350 kW
cooling/heating capacity
Continuous monitoring facilities to measure
input of power (kW) & energy (kWh)
output of cooling/heating power (kW) &
energy (kWh)
COP
Chiller, heat pump or unitary air-conditioner ≧ 350
kW cooling/heating capacity
Continuous monitoring facilities to measure
input of power (kW) & energy (kWh)
output of cooling/heating power (kW)
& energy (kWh)
COP
BEC Air-conditioning Installations
14
Not regarded as installations to which the BEEO applies -
Operating on high voltage or extra low voltage
Owned by electricity supplier & installed in consumer substation
BEC Electrical Installations
15
Power Distribution Loss – Max Allowable Circuit Copper Loss
Circuit type Connection Copper Loss @
Main circuit Distribution
transformer to LV
Sw/Bd
0.5 % (unless Tx Rm & Main Sw Rm directly beside, above or below each other)
Neutral conductor rating ≧ phase conductor rating
Feeder LV Sw/Bd direct to
equipment 2.5 %
Sub-main circuit ≦ 100m in non-residential building
LV Sw/Bd to local DB
1.5 %
Sub-main circuit > 100 m in non-residential building
2.5 % [subject to sum of losses in sub-main and final circuits (> 32A) ≦ 2.5%]
Sub-main circuit in residential building
2.5 %
Final circuit > 32 A
Local DB to equipment / outlet points
1 %
@ copper loss of total active power (1 or 3-phase) at designed circuit current
BEC Electrical Installations
16
Nominal Full-Load (Single-Speed Three-phase Totally Enclosed)
Motor Rated Output (P) Min Rated Efficiency (%)
2-pole 4-pole
0.75 kW ≦ P < 1.1 kW 77.4% 79.6%
1.1 kW ≦ P < 1.5 kW 79.6% 81.4%
1.5 kW ≦ P < 2.2 kW 81.3% 82.8%
2.2 kW ≦ P < 3 kW 83.2% 84.3%
3 kW ≦ P < 4 kW 84.6% 85.5%
4 kW ≦ P < 5.5 kW 85.8% 86.6%
5.5 kW ≦ P < 7.5 kW 87% 87.7%
7.5 kW ≦ P < 11 kW 88.1% 88.7%
11 kW ≦ P < 15 kW 89.4% 89.8%
15 kW ≦ P < 18.5 kW 90.3% 90.6%
18.5 kW ≦ P < 22 kW 90.9% 91.2%
22 kW ≦ P < 30 kW 91.3% 91.6%
30 kW ≦ P < 37 kW 92% 92.3%
37 kW ≦ P < 45 kW 92.5% 92.7%
: : :
P ≧ 200 kW 95 % 95.1 %
Min Allowable Motor Efficiency
BEC Electrical Installations
17
BEC Electrical Installations
Motor sizing for motor > 5 kW output power rating
Ratio of motor output power to anticipated system load
≦ 125% (unless requiring a special high starting torque)
Balancing of Single-phase Loads
3-phase 4-wire circuits ≧ 400A, having 1-phase loads
max unbalanced single-phase loads ≦ 10%
18
Designed Circuit Current
(I, in A)
THD in % of Fundamental Current
I 40A 20.0 %
40A ≦ I 400A 15.0 %
400A ≦ I 800A 12.0 %
800A ≦ I 2000A 8.0 %
I ≧ 2000A 5.0 %
BEC Electrical Installations
Min Allowable Total Power Factor (TPF)
Circuit design TPF (at design circuit current) ≧ 0.85
for circuit ≧ 400A, or
3-phase circuit connecting to meter of electricity supplier
Max Allowable Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
Harmonic current
for circuit ≧ 400A, or
3-phase circuit connecting to meter of electricity supplier
19
Metering & Monitoring Facilities
Main circuit at or above 400A
measuring voltage (phase-to-phase & phase-to-neutral), current
(phases & neutral), energy consumption,
max demand, TPF, THD
Feeder & Sub-main circuit
Circuit exceeding 200A & below 400A
measuring current (phases & neutral), energy consumption
Circuit at or above 400A measuring voltage (phase-to-phase & phase-to-neutral),
current (phases & neutral), energy consumption,
max demand, TPF, THD
BEC Electrical Installations
In fulfilling above TPF or THD requirement, a correction device or a
connection point for the device should be incorporated at the source motor control centre or local distribution board in case a connection point, it should constitute a spare way
solely for supplying power to the connection device
20
Not regarded as installations to which the BEEO applies –
Mechanized vehicle parking system
Service lift, stairlift
Industrial truck loaded freight lift
Lift in a performance stage
Powered lifting platform
Non-traction / Non-hydraulic driven
BEC Lift & Escalator Installations
21
Max Allowable Electrical Power – running active electrical power
Traction drive lift – Power of motor drive, at rated load rated speed upward
Hydraulic lift – Power of hydraulic oil pump motor, at rated load rated speed
upward
Escalator / Passenger conveyor - Power of steps driving motor, no-load at rated
speed
BEC Lift & Escalator Installations
22
Max Allowable Electrical Power of Traction Drive Lift (kW)
Rated Load
L (kg)
Rated Speed Vc (m/s)
1.5 Vc < 2 2 Vc < 2.5 2.5 Vc < 3 3 Vc < 3.5 3.5 Vc < 4
L < 750 11.4 15.2 17.1 20 21.9
750 L < 1000 16.2 20 22.8 25.7 29.5
1000 L < 1350 20.9 25.7 30.4 34.2 38
1350 L < 1600 25.7 30.4 36.1 40.9 46.6
1600 L < 2000 30.4 37.1 43.7 50.4 57
2000 L < 3000 44.7 56.1 66.5 75.1 85.5
BEC Lift & Escalator Installations
Max Allowable Electrical Power of Escalator (W)
Non- Public Service Escalator, at Rated Speed Vr (m/s) No Load
Nominal Width 800 mm 1000 mm
R < 3.5 1425 1615 1948 1520 1805 2185
3.5 R < 5 1710 1995 2423 1900 2185 2708
5 R < 6.5 1995 2375 2898 2214 2660 3230
6.5 R < 8 2328 2755 3373 2613 3040 3753
R 8 230R + 588 253.6R + 694 312.5R + 853 268R + 653 349.6R + 771 346.7R + 997
23
Max Allowable Lift Decoration Load
Max Lift Decoration Load
Lift Rated Load
L (kg)
Allowable Decoration Load
D (kg)
L < 1800 D = 0.5 x L, or 600
whichever is smaller
L ≥ 1800 D = 0.38 x L – 0.000026 x L2, or 1250
whichever is smaller
BEC Lift & Escalator Installations
Lift Parking Mode
Lift bank : at least 1 lift to run at parking mode (during low traffic) and not
respond to passenger call until return to normal operation mode
24
Lift Ventilation and Air-conditioning
Ventilation
Lift car after idling for 2 minutes : ventilation to be shut off automatically, until lift activated again by passenger call
If air-conditioned
Lift after idling for 10 minutes : air-conditioning to be shut off automatically until lift activated again by passenger call, and resume operation no earlier than 5 minutes after the shut-off
Exception : observation lift in unconditioned space
BEC Lift & Escalator Installations
25
Min Allowable Total Power Factor (TPF)
TPF of motor drive ≧ 0.85
(at the isolator connecting to building’s electrical supply circuit)
• Lift – at rated load rated speed upward
• Escalator / passenger conveyor – at brake load rated speed (for equipment
with a rise equipment travelling upward)
BEC Lift & Escalator Installations
Max Allowable Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
Circuit Fundamental
Current of Motor Drive
I (A)
THD (%) of Motor Drive in Each Phase (at isolator connecting to building’s electrical supply circuit)
Lift (rated load, rated speed up)
Escalator and Passenger Conveyor (no load, rated speed)
I < 40A
40%
35% (direct from feeder)
40% (not direct from feeder)
40A I < 80A 35% 35%
80A I < 400A 22.5% 22.5%
400A I < 800A 15% Not applicable
# See remarks in next slide 26
Metering & Monitoring Facilities (for each Lift, Escalator & Passenger Conveyor)
Metering devices or the provision for measurement should be provided
Measuring voltage (phase-to-phase & phase-to-neutral), current (phases &
neutral), power, energy consumption, max demand, TPF, THD
Provision for measurement
Electrical cubicle or junction box through which the electrical supply circuit
passes
Right beside the control panel of the motor drive
Facilitate the ready connection and subsequent removal of the metering devices
for measurement not entailing a stoppage or disruption to operation
BEC Lift & Escalator Installations
# Remarks (to last slide)
In fulfilling TPF & THD requirements, corresponding correction device
can be installed at the source motor control centre
Circuit fulfilling TPF & THD requirement not further governed by TPF &
THD requirement under Electrical Installations
27
Requirements for Major Retrofitting Works
Examples (for Works Area of 500 m2)
• Replacement of luminaries with total circuit wattage < 3kW - does not
have to meet LPD requirements
• Replacement of AHUs with cooling capacity < 60kW –
does not have to meet various requirements
BEC Other Requirements
Performance-based approach
Alternative BEC compliance approach
• Focusing on total building energy using simulation software • Design energy should not exceed energy budget • Relaxing certain prescriptive requirements such as LPD, COP • Trade-off items of same ownership
28
Collection of information of the
building
Review of energy consuming
equipment / systems
Identification of EMO (Energy
Management Opportunity)
Cost benefit analysis of EMO
Recommendations
Compiling energy audit report / Energy
Audit Form
5
2
1
3
4
6
Key Steps
Energy consuming equipment /
systems
EAC Requirements
Objective
Systematic
review
Information for decision making accounting for
environmental & economic benefits
Implement energy saving
measures
Energy audit for the building,
after commencement, is to
complete in 6 months
29
• Energy audit report
• Energy utilization index (EUI) (MJ/m2/annum)
• Energy audit form (exhibit at building main entrance)
• Energy management opportunities (EMO)
– Implementation not mandatory
• Executive summary
EAC Requirements
30
ENB public consultation on climate change end 2010
SDC public engagement on energy saving in buildings Aug
2011
SDC report Mar 2012
The BEEO is welcomed by general public, and
energy audit is an effective tool to improve energy
saving
The BEC systematic review & enhancement
to align with technology advancement
to tighten energy efficiency standards
Facilitation of behaviour change through energy audit
What gets measured gets managed
Energy audit provides baseline for comparison & data to
establish benchmark
BEC & EAC Way Forward
EMSD planning – to tighten the BEC requirements,
aligning with international practices & technologies
31
Enquiry : 37576156
Email : [email protected]
Address : 3 Kai Shing Street, Kowloon
Website : http://www.emsd.gov.hk
Thank You!
多謝!
Energy Efficiency Office
能源效益事務處
Information in this PowerPoint are extracted from the BEC / EAC. The extract is for purpose of
this presentation only, which serves to provide an overview but not the full details of the BEC /
EAC requirements.
32
