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San Diego International Airport:
OC IEEE IAS/PES Meeting
February 21, 2013
Building For The Future,Building For The Future,
Through Underground Through Underground
Distribution Automation and Distribution Automation and
SCADASCADA
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Presenter:
Randy Denton, PE
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San Diego International Airport
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• Project Goals & Objectives
• Background
• Power System Planning Study and Results
• Power System Configuration and Operation
• SCADA Architecture and Technologies
• Challenges
• Questions and Answers
Topics
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• Provide San Diego International Airport (SDIA) and Electrical Operations
Staff with a12kV primary system, based on Underground Distribution
Automation techniques, that functions through a dedicated SCADA system to
automatically monitor and control the distribution of power throughout the
airport property during the planning period 2015 - 2035
• Provide SDIA’s power system with highest reliability, electric utility grade
distribution equipment, protective relaying and SCADA systems.
• Efficiently control loading of the two SDG&E preferred-source 12kV feeders,
the alternate source feeder and future grid-connected PV solar generation
• Obtain SDG&E acceptance of the design
Project Goals
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• Maximize uptime – Using DA techniques, controlling the effects of loss of source, brown outs, system disturbances, equipment problems, power cable failures and overload conditions through looped feeders that are segmented by ATO switchgear allowing the transfer of loads between SDG&E preferred and alternate sources
• Minimize power outages to - Terminals, CUP and other facilities to approximately five to ten seconds while SCADA performs automatic loop operations to isolate problem segment(s) of self-healing loops
• Include load shedding to - allow use of a rotating list of loads to be shed for continued operation at a reduced capacity until source returns or equipment is reset or repairs are completed
• Transfer all present SDG&E loads on site to SDIA system
Project Objectives
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• Complete operational control and report generation through a dedicated SCADA system
• Provide staff the ability to isolate any portion of the system to perform maintenance or emergency repairs
• Continuously record synchrophasor data for operations analysis, trending and troubleshooting
• Monitor conductor duct bank temperature as feedback for dynamic rating
Project Objectives cont’d
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• SDIA has two 12.0kV preferred services from SDG&E, each rated at 10MW peak (15 minute demand period) by contract. Alternate service is 5MW peak
• The SDG&E services terminate in a single building – the “Electrical Vault”. It is a Main A-tie-Main C-tie-Main B setup of 2000 amp, 15kV, metal clad switchgear, six feeders each in Main A & Main B
• SDIA has a Central Utilities Plant (CUP), but no central backup power system. They have smaller diesel units for several facilities, but most do not. Three 12kV connection points are available for roll-up generation in a long-term outage.
Background
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• SDIA has a maximum peak coincident demand of about 7.1 MVA serving Terminal 1, Terminal 2, CUP and the Commuter Terminal, plus misc. small facilities
• The airport is a night peaking load, generally 4-6 AM, as the terminals come alive for the day.
• Present power system has four (4) primary selective Automatic Throw Over (ATO) switchgear units. Relays are SEL 451’s and each G&W Electric ATO has two motorized line switches and two or three vacuum load interrupters
Background cont’d
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• Previous recent 12kV Conversion project had accurate data on system equipment, circuits and relaying
• Computer model created with SKM PTW V.7 which adds PV solar sources.
• SDIA Planning Department provided future projects data and timing. Multiple changes in planned project loads and timing. SDG&E updated 12kV main service parameters and usage for tenant loads to be converted to the SDIA system
• Multiple load scenarios were developed for each 5-year interval of the 20-year plan. Looked at adding capacitors – SDG&E and airport side
• Scenarios included the five loops planned for the site: Terminal 1, Terminal 2, CUP, Perimeter & Smart Curb
Power System Planning Study
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NEW Rent-a-Car Center
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North Side Development
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Scenario Load Table
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SDIA UG FEEDER LOOPS
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Typical Duct Bank Drawing
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• Peak coincident demand predicted to grow from 7.1 MVA today to 24MVA by 2035 – a factor of 3.4
• Peak coincident demand predicted with Green Build Project and conversions is 15.1 MVA in 2015
• Maximum combined capacity two SDG&E feeders is 24MVA; which is predicted to be reached by SDIA by 2035
• By 2025 an additional SDG&E source will be needed for the Perimeter Loop on the north side of the airport – or sooner if load growth accelerates
Power System Planning Study -
Results
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Power System Planning Study –
Results – cont’d
• Voltage support (capacitor banks) needed on SDG&E
and SDIA systems
• Some circuit cable ampacity ratings will be reached by
2025, load shifting will be needed
• Perimeter Loop may need parallel set of conductors or
“express feeder” to handle load growth before 2025,
two spare 6” conduits were added to east side of loop
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• Two SDG&E 10MW sources and one alternate 5MW source
• Main-tie-Main-tie-Main switchgear with five 5 feeders each on two buses to open loops
• SCADA continuously knows the state of the system. Always keeps one switch in the loop open – must not tie SDG&E sources together
• Loops are not cross-connected, independent
• No loads taken directly from loop circuits, always beyond an interrupter, especially PV solar, standby gens
• ATO’s provide two or three load take-off points; interrupter open/close/trip function through local SEL 451 relay and interface to SCADA
• Fiber optic cable follows power path, local to every ATO.
Power System Configuration
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SDIA One-Line Diagram
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ATO One Line Diagram
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ATO LOCATIONS
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• 750 kcm, AL, 15kV Cable: 50,000 circuit ft.
• 250 kcm, AL, 15kV Cable: 2,321 circuit ft.
• #4/0 AWG, AL, 15kV Cable: 12,426 circuit ft.
• ATOs (Existing, reconfigured): 4
• ATOs (New): 12
• ATOs (Future): 3
• SEL 451 Relays: 48
• 12kV Manholes/Pullboxes Installed: 90
• New Transformers: 22, total of 11,200 kVA
• Trenching: 40,800 ft., various widths
By The Numbers:
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�SCADA will control and monitor the operation of 12kV
power distribution system within the SDIA including:
• Line Switches, Load Interrupters, and Circuit
Breakers
• IEDs, Battery and UPS systems
• Power Metering
• Facility Substation Transformers
• Utility and Alternative Power Systems
• Communications, Cables, Ancillary Devices, and
Environmental Conditions
SDIA Power System SCADA Overview
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SDIA Power System SCADA Overview
• SDIA Power System SCADA was designed around hardware and software manufactured by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Inc.
• The intent is to minimize the use of 3rd party applications as an integral part of SDIA Power System SCADA.
• Implement Utility Grade Solutions, onsite service and Warranty
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• Power system protective relaying, devices and equipment control and monitoring
• Data collection and device synchronization
• Human Machine Interface (data display and operation, trending, report generation, data storage)
• Secured Interface between SCADA and SDIA Facility Business Network and Remote Engineering Support Access
• Mass Notification, CMMS, and Asset Management Systems
SDIA Power System SCADA Architecture – Five (5) Main Categories
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SDIA Power System SCADA Architecture – Topology
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SCADA FO Loop
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SCADA - ATO Interface Signals
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SCADA-ATO Interconnection Wiring
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SDIA Power System SCADA Architecture – HMI Example
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• SDIA Power System SCADA will not reside on the SDIA Airport BMS Facility Network
• SDIA Power System SCADA will be installed as a stand-alone LAN with one (1) secured and continuous interface with SDIA Airport Facility Network
• Dedicated Fiber Optic cable on path with each power loop
SDIA Power System SCADA Architecture – Stand Alone
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• Monitor and Control 12kV Power Distribution System � Display Power Device and Equipment Operating Status
and Power Data
� Perform Power Device and Equipment Control (open/close, reset)
� Collect Data and Display Power Trends (kW, kV, PF, Load Amps, Cable Temperature)
� Display and Print Critical Alarms
� Trend, Display and Print Critical Synchronized Sequence of Events
� Display and Print Power Data Reports
SDIA Power System SCADA Architecture – Functionality
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� Implement automatic system recovery and load shedding in the event of a system fault, or loss of power source (utility or alternative power source).
• Support maintenance
• Integrate SCADA with existing Management Systems including Energy Metering, CMMS, Asset Management, and Mass Notification
• Manage data and information exchange with internal Stakeholders (BMS)
• Coordinate Data and Information Exchange with SDG&E – if required
SDIA Power System SCADA Architecture – Functionality
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• Support communication between Programmable Intelligent Devices (IED)s, Automatic Controller, HMI Control and View Nodes, and Printers over the Power System LAN
• Support secured communication between Power System LAN and Airport Facility Network and SEL Engineer Remote Access
SDIA Power System SCADA Architecture – Functionality
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• Support remote Web-based Access
• Support SCADA iHistorian and Administration
(i.e. Open Development of Data Collection,
Reporting, CMMS and Asset Management and
data exchange with Airport Facility Network)
• Scalability supporting system expansion (i.e.
addition of future devices, IEDs, control and view
nodes, inputs/outputs, displays, trends, alarms,
security, passwords, and configurations)
SDIA Power System SCADA Architecture – Functionality
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Power System SCADA Architecture –Main components
• SEL -3530 Real-Time Automation Controllers: Redundant controllers located within 12kV Main Switchgear “Vault” Building providing centralized control, monitoring, and data acquisition across the Power System SCADA Local Area Network (LAN).
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Power System SCADA
Architecture – Main Components
• SEL -3354 Embedded Automation Computing Platform Controller: Located within 12kV Main Switchgear Building for local hardened operator interface, and concentration of synchrophaser(event) data from IEDS and interface with SCADA HMI(s).
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Power System SCADA
Architecture – Main Components
• SEL -3620 Managed switch: Router providing virtual private network (VPN) endpoint, and firewall security for Serial and Ethernet-based network communication systems.
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Power System SCADA
Architecture – Main Components
• SEL-2407 satellite-synchronized clock: Clock supporting the synchronization of time between controllers and IEDs as part of implementing synchrophaser functionality (relay event correlation, data generation and collection).
• Main Switchgear Vault Bldg (2)
• T2W Electrical Switchgear Room
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Power System SCADA
Architecture – Main Components
• IEDs –Intelligent electronic devices SEL-451: Protective relaying and signal interface performing automatic protective control and monitoring for, automatic throw-over (ATO) pad mounted switches and breakers and supporting synchronized event data collection and display.
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Power System SCADA
Architecture – Main Components
• IEDs –Intelligent electronic devices SEL-2240: Performing as remote IO assembly for the monitoring and controlling of various discrete signals (intrusion, open, close, opened, closed, fault, tripped, alarm, lock-out)
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Power System SCADA Architecture – Main Components
• Network Ring- SEL ICON supports single or multiple ring
network topologies with single- or
• Dual-interconnection ties between rings. If a fiber fails in a
ring network, traffic switches in less than 5 milliseconds.
• In addition to ring network topologies, point-to-point and linear
configurations are also supported.
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Power System SCADA Architecture – Main Components
HMI Workstations
iHistorian Server(s)HMI Computers
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Power System SCADA Architecture – Main Components
• Outdoor Control Cabinets: support the mounting and provide environmental protection for controllers, communication devices, IEDs, DC Control Power, UPS, and other ancillary devices at each ATO.
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Power System SCADA
Architecture – Main Components
• Software: SEL acSELerator TEAM suite of software products to provide custom data and event report collection
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Power System SCADA
Architecture – Main Components
• Software: Synchrophaser suite of software products developed to provide for remote visualizing and analyzing of real-time streaming data and archived data
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Power System SCADA Architecture – Control Modes
• Local-Automatic Control
• Local Manual Control: Power system protective devices and equipment will have a method of local manual control supporting maintenance and operations during emergency situations when IEDs and RTACs are not available for operation.
• Local Automatic Control: All power system protective devices and equipment will include local automatic control based upon programmed parameters within IEDS to open and close protective devices and equipment in the event of programmed conditions and events (overload, short circuit, cable fault, voltage unbalances, equipment failure).
• Local-Manual Control
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• Remote–Manual Control
• Remote–Automatic Control
• Remote – Manual Control: This mode will allow protective devices and equipment to be manually operated (open-closed) by Operators via secured password protected HMIs.
• Remote – Automatic Control: The RTAC control system will automatically adjust/operate power system devices and equipment to isolate fault conditions, sequence the transfer of loads between utility and additional sources of power, and perform load shedding.
Power System SCADA
Architecture – Control Modes
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• Meter Data, Breaker
Open-Close, Trip, Fault
Status, & Open-Close
Commands
• Circuit Current, Voltage,
Power, PF
• Room Temperature
• DC Control Voltage,
Alarm, UPS Battery On
and Alarms
• Fire Alarm, Cabinet
Intrusion
SDIA Power System SCADA Data Points– 12kV Main Switchgear and
Electrical Room
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• Line Switch & Load
Interrupter Open-Close,
Trip, Fault Status, &
Open-Close Commands
• Ductbank Temp
• Control Panel Temp
• DC Control Voltage,
Alarm,
• Circuit Current, Voltage,
Power, PF
SDIA Power System SCADA Data
Points– 12kV ATOs
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• Transformer Alarms,
Oil Pressure High, Low
Oil, High Temperature
(where available).
SDIA Power System SCADA Data Points – 12kV Substation Transformers
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• Display Screen Navigation
• Display Device Operating Status (Opened/Closed, Fault, Alarm, Trouble, On/Off)
• Display Device Value Indication (Voltage, Current, Temperature, kW, kWh, PF, Date-Time, Quantity)
• Device Control (Open/Close, Sequence Priority Selections)
• Consistent look across HMI control and view nodes
SDIA Power System SCADA
HMI
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• Alarm Notification and Display
• Real-Time Alarms & Summary
• Alarm History
• Automated Alarm Printing
SDIA Power System SCADA
HMI
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• Data Collection
• Log data at various configured intervals.
• Log Analog and Discrete data.
• Data will be generated and transferred in ODBC format (SQL) allowing for 3rd party retrieval and data manipulation.
SDIA Power System SCADA
HMI
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SDIA Power System SCADA Trends and Synchrophaser Event Capture
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• Report Generation -ability to access data and configure reports to generate Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Yearly (max, min, average values).
• May be implemented using 3rd party software such as Crystal Reports, Microsoft Visual Basic and Excel.
SDIA Power System SCADA
HMI
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• Security
• Ability to administer
various levels of
security through
password management.
• Ability to administer and
monitor power LAN and
exchange with SDIA
Facility Network.
SDIA Power System SCADA
HMI
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SDIA Power System & SCADA –
Challenges
1. On-Airport meter data collection – private accounts
2. Forecasting load data for expansion projects
3. Developing technical requirements between multiple Authority
departments
4. Multiple on-going projects ahead of us but required to build
portions of our ductbank before our design is complete
5. Management /staff understanding the size and complexity of
the expanded power system and needing to “think and act like
a utility company”
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San Diego International Airport:
Questions and Answers ?
Building For The Future,Building For The Future,
Through Underground Through Underground
Distribution Automation and Distribution Automation and
SCADASCADA
