62
CL
AR
O
There are programs that, due to their own nature, push buildings forward. A school of architecture, for instance, should not only fulfill its function but also embody the ideas discussed within, allow for new possibilities and serve as a model. In other words, it should transform itself into a demonstrative and pedagogical instrument. This structure makes the possibilities of building in wood clear, showing, with didactic clarity, the way in which it resists the vertical, horizontal and symbolic loads of an architecture school.
T he new building for the School of Architecture at the Universidad Católica de Chile – the outcome
of an open competition held in 2013 – is located on the southern edge of Lo Contador Campus neighboring the 18th-century Casona Lo Contador, currently a National Heritage Monument.
The building is a two-story laminated wood volume that rests on a rough concrete basis forming the first level. The wooden pillars and beams are modulated so as to simplify tasks of assemblage and transport; the dimensions of the floor’s boards are also optimized, without any need for cuts. The wooden structure is exposed and the building’s expression is the manifestation of how the load transference works.
The 21-meter span piece of wood suspended between supports leaves its west side cantilevered, constituting a new access atrium for the Campus.
Palabras claveEdificio
Escuela
Madera
Universidad
Santiago
KeywordsBuilding
School
Wood
University
Santiago
Building for the School of Architecture
Gonzalo claroProfesor Asistente AdjuntoEscuela de ArquitecturaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Santiago, Chile2016
AR
Q 9
6 —
UC
CH
ILE
63
© F
elip
e Fo
ntec
illa
The volume houses the offices for the School of Architecture’s professors, freeing the ground floor and its rooftop to deploy the programs that support the building’s public life: a covered plaza at street level protected from the rain and an auditorium on the upper floor that, opened towards the casona and the hill, is transformed into a viewpoint over treetops.
From its origins, the building seeks to be sustainable. That is why it is designed in wood, a renewable resource with a low carbon footprint. Its dry work assembly not only allows the reduction of construction time but also diminishes the impact of construction work on the neighborhood.
Although its program is mainly for private use, it is a building that due to its strong public vocation should promote and open new possibilities for wooden structures in Chile. Its most direct users, architecture
64
CL
AR
O
El C
omen
dado
r
Los N
aveg
ante
sLos M
ision
eros
El M
ayor
azgo
El Cer
ro
Lo C
onta
dor
Lo C
onta
dor
Lo Contador
Los Colonos
Los C
onquis
tadore
s
Los Españoles
Monseñor Carlos Casanueva
Pedro de Valdivia Norte
Parque Metropolitano de Santiago
Emiterio Larraín Bunster
Planta emplazamiento Site planE. / S. 1: 5.000
Planta primer nivelGround level planE. / S. 1: 250
AR
Q 9
6 —
UC
CH
ILE
65
Planta segundo nivel Second level planE. / S. 1: 250
Planta tercer nivel Third level planE. / S. 1: 250
Planta cuarto nivelFourth level planE. / S. 1: 250
66
CL
AR
O
Elevación poniente West elevationE. / S. 1: 250
Axonométrica de partes Parts axonometricS. E. / N. S.
AR
Q 9
6 —
UC
CH
ILE
67
Elevación sur South elevationE. / S. 1: 250
Axonométrica AxonometricS. E. / N. S.
Edificio EscuEla dE arquitEctura Building for the School of Architecture
Arquitecto / Architect: Gonzalo Claro RiescoArquitecto asociado / Associate: Pablo LevineColaboradores / Collaborators: Rafaela Behrens, Sarah KutzUbicación / Location: El Comendador 1936, Santiago de Chile, ChileCliente / Client: Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileCálculo estructural / Structural engineering: Juan AcevedoConstrucción / Construction: GHG S.A .Instalación sanitaria / Mechanical engineering: Ruz Vukasovic y Cia Ltda.Instalación eléctrica / Electrical system: Ingelmor Ltda.Iluminación / Lighting: Paulina SirPaisajismo / Landscape: Paulina Courard
Eficiencia energética / Environmental project: Javier del RíoMateriales / Materials: mle Madera Laminada Encolada / Glued laminated woodTerminaciones / Finishings: mle, gres porcelánico, mosaico de vidrio/ Glued laminated wood, porcelain stoneware, glass mosaic tilePresupuesto / Cost: uS$ 1.600 / m2Superficie construida / Built area: 1.500 m2Superficie de terreno / Site area: 700 m2Año de proyecto / Project year: 2015 Año de construcción / Construction year: 2016Fotografías / Photographs: Felipe Fontecilla
3736
113114
110112111
109108107
106
105104102101
100
99
5998979695
94
93
92
91 90 89
88
88
878685 8483
8786858483 8281807978
6766
65
737271706968
7776
75
74
737271706968
6766
65
6463626160
59585756
55545352
51
5049484746
44434241403938
35
3334
323130
29
28
27
26252423222120191817161514
1312111098
7654321
91 90 89
lEyEnda
1. Revestimiento exterior y cubierta en mosaico
2. Membrana miel 3 capas + fibra terminación cuarzo
3. Contrachapado 15 mm
4. Aislación de poliestireno expandido 100 mm
5. Contrachapado 12 mm
6. Lana mineral rollo de 50 mm
7. Viga de techo mlA 65 × 330 cm
8. Pletina según cálculo
9. Estructura de madera laminada
10. Cristal incoloro laminado según norma
11. Revestimiento de terciado mueblería
12. Tela tipo velo negra
13. Aislador acústico e= 27 mm
14. Revestimiento de terciado mueblería
15. Tela tipo velo negra
16. Aislador acústico e= 27 mm
17. Tablero oSb 18 mm
18. Jambas mlA 65 × 135 mm
19. Lana mineral rollo de 50 mm
20. oSb 12 mm + fibrocemento 6 mm
21. Fieltro asfáltico 10 lb
22. Revestimiento exterior en mosaico
23. Guardapolvo de mdfpintado al duco 70 × 10 mm
24. Solera mlA 135 × 185 mm
25. Aislación de poliestireno expandido 135 mm
26. Aislación termoacústicalana mineral 50 mm
27. Cantería cortagotera 15 × 15 mm
28. Aislación de poliestireno expandido 100 mm
29. Aislación termoacústicalana mineral 50 mm
30. oSb 12 mm + fibrocemento 6 mm
31. Fieltro asfáltico 10 lb
32. Revestimiento exterior en mosaico
33. Cielo de terciado mueblería 18 mm
34. Ventana de aluminio
35. Baranda según detalle
36. Porcelanato flotante 20 mm espesor
37. Plots sobrepuestos regulables
38. Membrana miel 3 capas + fibra terminación cuarzo
39. Planchas de oSb 18 mm traslapadas
40. Cercha de techumbre
41. Aislación aislapol planchas de 30 kg/mt3capas de 100 mm
42. Fieltro asfáltico 10 lb
43. 2 placas de contrachapado 15 mm
44. Lamina aislante según calculo
45. Aislación termoacústicalana mineral 50 mm
46. Porcelanato1200 × 600 mm, e= 20 mm
47. Doble perfil canal de 400 × 25 × 3 mm
48. Mortero hidrófugo
49. Pletina de acero 3 mm
50. Cara superior de viga con pendiente 1 % de fábrica
51. Estructura perimetral madera mle
52. Vigas perímetro mle400 × 85 mm
53. Vigas secundarias perimetral mle 400 × 110 mm
54. Subestructura de soporte ventanas fijados a costaneras
55. Vigas perímetro mle450 × 85 mm
56. Aislación de poliestireno expandido 100 mm
57. Papel fieltro asfáltico liso 10/16 tensado a bastidor
58. Cielo de terciado mueblería
59. Ventana de aluminio
60. Aislación acústica lanamineral 50 mm
61. Costaneras mc 2 × 6"
62. Papel fieltro asfáltico liso 10/16 tensado a bastidor
63. Cielo de terciado mueblería
64. Vigas secundarias mle400 × 110 mm
65. Aislación poliuretano dealta densidad
66. Mueble en obra
67. Libreros según detalle
68. Tablero oSb 18 mm
69. Revestimiento exterior de madera laminada
70. Lana mineral rígida, panel libre
71. Fieltro asfáltico 10 lb
72. Pies derecho de pino ml 2 × 3"
73. Solera inferior antepecho pino ml 2 × 4"
74. Cara superior de viga
75. Estructura perimetral madera mle
76. Fijaciones inferiores / laterales cortinas exteriores
77. Cortina vertical
78. Subestructura de soporte ventanas
79. Vigas perimetro mle450 × 85 mm
80. Aislación de poliestireno expandido 100 mm
81. Papel fieltro asfáltico liso 10/16 tensado a bastidor
82. Ventana de aluminio cristal termopanel
83. Aislación acústica lanamineral 50 mm
84. Costaneras mc 2 × 6"
85. Proyección viga principal mle 600 × 185 mm
86. Papel fieltro asfáltico liso 10/16 tensado a bastidor
87. Cielo de terciado mueblería
88. Guardapolvo de mdf
89. Porcelanato600 × 300 mm, e= 20 mm
90. 2 placas de contrachapado 15 mm + lámina
91. Aislante según cálculo
92. Fijaciones inferiores / laterales cortinas exteriores
93. Cara superior de viga con pendiente 1 % de fábrica
94. Estructura perimetral madera mle
95. Aislación de poliestireno expandido 150 mm
96. Cielo de terciado mueblería
97. Proyección viga principal mle 600 × 185 mm
98. Subestructura de soporte ventanas
99. Ventana de aluminio
100. Alfeizar mortero de pega 2 % pendiente + porcelanato 10 mm
101. Antepecho altura variable acceso vehicular
102. Despiche equipo de clima
103. Tep primer + polietileno + geotex 2
104. Adoquines existentes 100 × 100 mm
105. Ripio compactado según mecánica de suelo
106. Antepecho de hormigón visto según cálculo, moldaje de tablas
107. Escalerilla eléctrica y datos
108. Revestimiento térmico sistema poligyp
109. Rejilla de clima de acero
110. Ductos de clima
111. Mueble en obra
112. Equipo de clima
113. Rejilla de clima de acero
114. Guardapolvo de mdf
Escantillón fachada Facade detailE. / S. 1: 75
AR
Q 9
6 —
UC
CH
ILE
69
© F
elip
e Fo
ntec
illa
© F
elip
e Fo
ntec
illa
© F
elip
e Fo
ntec
illa
students, will be able to interact with a wooden building from the beginning of their education. At the same time, given it faces the street generating an unprecedented permeable connection between the Campus and the neighborhood, its indirect users (visitors, public to lectures, pedestrians and so on) can learn from the unexpected possibilities of wood. ARQ
70
CL
AR
O
© F
elip
e Fo
ntec
illa
© F
elip
e Fo
ntec
illa
© F
elip
e Fo
ntec
illa
Gonzalo Claro Riesco <[email protected]>
Architect, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2004. Master in Architectural Theory and History, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, 2010. In 2011 established his architectural practice based in Santiago de Chile. Has developed projects involving different programs and scales, from furniture and objects to public buildings design. In 2015 is awarded first prize in the competition for the recently inaugurated Architecture School uc building at Lo Contador campus. He is currently associate professor at the School of Architecture uc, combining studio teaching tasks with the independent professional practice.
AR
Q 9
6 —
UC
CH
ILE
71
A knot involving a beam pole, its lower side, two diagonal braces, the framing of the floor they support and a windowsill; all built in a pale wood, whose grain is more conspicuous than its laminate. An architectural detail that is also a cultural node: it weaves structural solicitations, disciplinary discourse, manufacturing conditions and local myth. None of these determine the building yet they all spring from it with particular transparency. Through a specific use of wood – the fact that the knot is distinctly thick is not irrelevant here – we not only read material predilection but also ‘material conditions.’ Wood, a local commodity thickened to support a four-story institutional building and to resist fire, leaves us with a final image: a school in which wood was held as a flagship of idiosyncratic rationality is now supported, entirely, by wood.
A productive field turned national identity on the grounds of architectural discourse – either ‘benefitting from local conditions’ or ‘softening in cultural terms the political impact of national industry’ – makes this building an exemplary one. Such architectural stunt transpires ‘material conditions.’ The fact that in this particular case these conditions are literally material is mere coincidence. Neither better nor worse than usual, only more transparently, this building reflects – in the friction between the superficial warmness of wood and the thickness of its pieces – the weight of the conditions of production.
If none of this has to do with architecture, why then do we still witness this feat with skepticism? Did it have to be built in wood? The imperative of asking how things are and not how they could be, reduces a building to the work of an author. It is the designer’s skill, instead of the complex set of cultural relations woven in nuce in a building, the result of avoiding a materialism that questions itself about material conditions and not just about materiality. ARQ
Nudos, nodos, nueces Knots, nodes, nuts
pEdro corrEa f.Profesor Asistente AdjuntoEscuela de ArquitecturaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile