Building Green Data Centres for
World's largest Biometric based National Identification System
Kumar Alok, IAS Deputy Director General Ranjan Kumar Assistant Director General Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) September 13
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Contents
UIDAI - Overview 1
What is UID (Aadhaar)? 2
UID Eco - System 3
The UID Technology Solution 4
Data centre Planning 5 Green Data centre - Selecting efficient solution 6
Improved energy Efficiency & Savings 7
PUE; Power Usage Effectiveness 8
Drivers of PUE 9
UID (Aadhaar) Progress and Status 10
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Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) Overview
DC Location-A
DC Location-B
UIDAI is an attached office under Planning Commission of India which develops and implements the necessary institutional, technical and legal infrastructure to issue
unique identity numbers to Indian residents.
► AADHAAR is a 12-digit unique number given by UIDAI to Indian residents as a proof of identity
► Enrolment is a one time process for the resident to obtain Aadhaar
► UIDAI’s two captive data centres shall host the; Residents’ basic demographic and biometric information captured by UIDAI while issuing 12-digit AADHAAR number.
Support to various applications for welfare schemes of State & Central Governments Authentication services to various authentication User Agencies e.g; Central Government Agencies / bodies / departments, State Governments, PSUs, Banks etc
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2
1
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► Residents
Enrolment Stations
Reg. Offices
Registrars
► Apex Body
UIDAI
Enrolment Agencies
► Across the
country
► State Govts., NPR, banks etc
► Empanelled by UIDAI, engaged by registrars
► Across the country
8
68
160
~40,000
1.2 Bn
Enrolment Hierarchy
What is UID (Aadhaar)?
5555 4444 5555 Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique number issued after biometric (iris and fingerprint) and demographic de-duplication
Details Captured ► Demographic Details
► Name, age/date of birth, gender and address of the resident (compulsory)
► Biometric ► Photograph, fingerprint scan, iris
Key Features ► Only Numbers – No Smart Cards ► Random Numbers – No Intelligence, No Profiling ► All Residents – Including Children ► Uniqueness – Ensured through biometric attributes ► No Guarantees to Citizenship, Rights, Entitlements ► Ubiquitous Authentication – From No ID to Online ID ► Ensuring Security and Privacy of Information
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UID Eco - System
Ecosystem development
Training and Certification
• Verifiers and Introducers
• Operator certification->155,000
• Training content available online-CBT, Films etc
• 15 empanelled training agencies
Contact Centre
• 1800-180-1947 • 1947 • Contact Centre
live-8 languages
Logistics/ India Post
• Letter printing by 3 printers & delivery by India Post Empanelment of
EAS
• About 200 Enrolment agencies have been empanelled
• Details available on UIDAI website
Setting standards
• Demographic standards - DDSVP report
• Biometric committee report published
• Authentication API, micro-ATM standards
• STQC – Device certification
Authentication Agency/User • Applicable for authentication
of identity and Financial Inclusion
o Banks o NREGA o Payment of pensions
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The UID Technology Solution
► It encompass all application software, system software, infrastructure (including IT systems, Private Cloud of Data centres, Network, Servers and Storage, for production, staging and testing)
► It shall enable to issue UID numbers, update resident information and authenticate the identity of residents as required
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Data centre Planning Key decisions (1/2)
► Site selection and land acquisition for two data centres across different geographies
► Business requirements & IT road map for 1.6 Billion UID enrolments till 2030
► Uptime availability ? ► Selecting Tier I/II/III/IV based on business criticality ? ► What cost ?
Key decision points
► High electricity power consumption expenses • 5yrs electricity expense ~ CAPEX + 5yrs OPEX*
► Vertical/horizontal expansion and number of floors in the building
* (OPEX- Manpower and equipment maintenance cost)
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►Data Centre Building to be based on LEED practices for energy efficiency
►Design based on ASHRAE guidelines
► Adopting key design guidelines from TIA-942
►Tier-III certification from Uptime for data centre
►LEED certification (Gold) for data centre complex
►Design based on latest NFPA code and standards
►Efficient system design at partial load utilization ►Modular & scalable system design and provision for
seamless integration ►Selected 3 types of rack density (6.5/9.5/13.5 kW)
for efficient load utilization & separate room for respective rack density
►High Avg. rack density (7.8 kW) to optimize space ►Selecting an highly efficient solution and technology ►Achieve lowest annual average PUE (< 1.55 /1.6 at
India environmental condition) as per Green Grid Methodology
►DC 24*7 monitoring and measurement ►DG Fuel bulk storage tank (36hrs) & 2hrs Fire
Rating ►Continuous security and protection from
unforeseen or natural calamities ►Selected tier III DC at each location on the basis of
business criticality analysis
►Data Centre Building to be based on LEED practices for energy efficiency
►Design based on ASHRAE guidelines
► Adopting key design guidelines from TIA-942
►Tier-III certification from Uptime for data centre
►LEED certification (Gold) for data centre complex
►Design based on latest NFPA code and standards
Data centre Planning Key design considerations (2/2)
►Building structural floor slab strength 1500kg/ Sq Mtr
►Clear floor height > 4.7 Mtr
►Physical Security & perimeter security
►Seismic zone compliance
►Efficient system design at partial load utilization ►Modular & scalable system design and provision for
seamless integration ►Selected 3 types of rack density (6.5/9.5/13.5 kW)
for efficient load utilization & separate room for respective rack density
►High Avg. rack density (7.8 kW) to optimize space ►Selecting a highly efficient solution and technology ►Achieve lowest annual average PUE (< 1.55 /1.6 at
Indian environmental conditions) as per Green Grid Methodology
►DC 24x7 monitoring and measurement ►DG Fuel bulk storage tank (36hrs) & 2hrs Fire
Rating ►Continuous security and protection from
unforeseen or natural calamities ►Selected tier III DC at each location on the basis of
business criticality analysis
Guidelines Design Considerations Building Design
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Green Data Centre - Selecting efficient solution for better annual average PUE (1/2)
Designed for ; ► Lowest targeted annual
average PUE in India ► 15~20% reduction in PUE
vs most of the operational data centres in India
►~0.5 MUSD/Year/data centre savings vs most of
the operational data centres in India
► 3-phase distribution instead of 1-phase- low power distribution losses ► Bus Bar Trucking for rack distribution and Main Utility-low power distribution losses ► PDU transformer with higher efficiency 97.5% ► IGBT based rectifier transformer less UPS, higher efficiency >95%, low THDi < 3% & higher
input PF on partial load -0.99 ► Using high efficiency electronic ballasts controlled through occupancy sensors ► Diversity factor 70% on overall estimated IT load for higher equipment load utilization to
have better equipment efficiency
Electrical Components
► Manage and Measure: Use of data centre infrastructure management software
► Penalty/Incentive for data centre operation agency on account of exceeding/reducing PUE from the target value
DCIM Components
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Green Data centre-Selecting efficient solution for better annual average PUE (2/2) Air cooled screw chiller selected over water cooled chiller considering Indian environmental conditions : ► The annual average PUE estimated to be approx 1.6 with air-cooled
chiller vs 1.62 with water cooled chiller > 50% IT Load ► Annual average PUE for Water Cooled chiller marginally better. But
there is higher cost of maintenance for water cooled chiller which nullify the effect of marginally better PUE
► Water availability is a constraint for water cooled chiller as it consumes significant amount of water
►BYPASS Air Mgmt - Close
floor gaps in unused cabinets & fit cable skirts where cables come up through raised floor
►Recirculation Air Mgmt- Fit blanking plates in between server cabinets & position high powered servers in the middle (and bottom) of the row
► Adjust Air Supply Temperatures, raise the air temperature and remain within the ASHRAE recommendations of 64.4F (18 deg C) to 80.6 F (27 deg C). Raising the temperature reduces the overall energy required for cooling
Best Practice to be followed
► Higher Chiller efficiency ; Low kW/TR ~.93 ,COP ~ 3.3 as per ARI design conditions at 100% Load
► Higher design entering/leaving chiller water temp; 12 / 19 Deg C ► Use of adiabatic cooling and VFDs for chilled water distribution pumps ► Separate room for respective very high/high/medium density rack
and free cooling used for UPS room & Battery Room ► Free Cooling/Economizer for server room not used as it requires high
CAPEX while energy savings is marginal considering the environmental condition and quality of air in India.
Mechanical Solutions
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Operational Data Center In India if same size
Optimised Data Center Solution-UIDAI DC
Improved Energy Efficiency & Savings per DC
15% saving on Electricity Cost
Saving of $5.8 M on Total Cost
6% increase in CAPEX
Details per DC: ► Total IT rack/DC : 420 ► Avg density/rack :7.8 kW ► DC built up area : 7,500 sq.m ► DC white space area : 1,350 sq.m ► IT rack load : 2300 kW (after
considering diversity factor @70%) ► Mains Power Capacity : 5MVA
Potential Annual Savings in optimized solution Saving-Total Cost 5.8 MUSD Saving- Electrical expense cost 6.9 MUSD Increase-CAPEX 0.9MUSD
Mains electricity saved annually in DC with optimized solution (24647 kWH-20583kWH)
4064 MWH
Metric tones Co2 saved annually in DC 3617 MTn Equivalent Tn Coal annual saving in tones of coal burned per MWH of thermal energy (Tn/MWH)
1808 Tn
Trees growing per Year 5,42,289 Saved Co2 emissions equivalent to number of cars per year on the road
603
Legend
CAPEX + 10 yrs OPEX-A (Manpower +Maintenance)
OPEX-B (10 Yrs Electricity expense)
Total Cost (CAPEX+OPEX-A+OPEX-B)
USD
in M
illio
n
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Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)
Data centre Facility and Power : UIDAI DC
White Space Support Area Utility Area
Server Room
NOC Room On-site User Room Media Storage Room Accessories Room Material Handling Room Staging Room UPS Battery Room Communication Room BMS Room Passage
Utility Services Room
IT Load
Power Losses
Cooling Load
► A PUE of 2.0 means that for every 2 watts delivered to the Data centre, only 1 watt is being used by the IT equipment….the same as being 50% efficient
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1,16 1,38 1,54 1,6 1,66
0 0,25
0,5 0,75
1 1,25
1,5 1,75
<12 ˚C 12~17 ˚C 17~22 ˚C 22~27 ˚C 27~32 ˚C
External Climate Condition
PUE
1,7
1,6
1,55
1,6
1,65
1,7
1,75
25~50% Load >50%
% Load Utilization
PUE
Key Drivers of PUE- Indicative calculations
India’s Temperature Data -Annual Delhi Bangalore
<10 Deg C 9% 1%
10~20 Deg C 22% 18%
20~ 25 Deg C 14% 49%
25~30 Deg C 26% 25%
30~35 Deg C 21% 8%
35~40 Deg C 7% 0.2%
40~45 Deg C 1% 0%
Source-WeDCoDataBase(wedco-Database.software.informer.com
Climate % Load Utilization
Tier/ Redundancy
Measurement Methodology Cooling Solution
0,0%
1,9% 2,5%
4,4%
0,0%
1,0%
2,0%
3,0%
4,0%
5,0%
Tier 1 DC Tier-II DC Tier-III DC Tier-IV DC
Tier/Redundancy –% PUE increase
% PUE
►Annual avg. PUE (Unrecognised) in INDIA DC is 1.8 to 2.5 ►Annual avg.PUE (Self reported) in Global DCs is 1.8 to1.89* ►Annual avg.PUE (targeted) in UIDAI DCs is 1.5 to 1.6 1,59
1,583
1,626
1,605
1,56 1,57 1,58 1,59
1,6 1,61 1,62 1,63
Delhi-PUE Bengaluru-PUE Water Cooled Chiller Air Cooled Chiller
*Source : Uptime Institute 2012 Data centre Industry Survey by Matt Stansberry and Julian Kudritzki
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UID (Aadhaar) Progress and Status
Legend
0-20 (%)
20-40 (%)
40- 60 (%)
60-80 (%)
> 80 (%)
►> 500 Million people have enrolled for UID ►~ 1 -1.2 Million residents being issued UID’s
daily target to cover more than half of the population by 2014
September 2010: First Aadhaar issued
February 2012: Launch of authentication services
May 2013: Launch of permanent enrolment centres, eKYC & authentication services using Iris & OTP
August 2013: 410 Million Aadhaar issued
Key
Mile
ston
es December 2011: 100 Million Aadhaar
issued
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2
3
4
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For self-service download https://eaadhaar.uidai.gov.in/eDetails.aspx
UIDAI’s Data Centre has been awarded with Tier III Certification of Design by Uptime
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Questions and Answers
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Thank You
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Glossary
• ASHRAE : American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers
• DCIM : Data Centre Infrastructure Manager
• NFPA : National Fire Protection Association
• IGBT : Insulated gate bipolar transistor
• LEED : Leadership in energy & environmental design
• OTP : One Time Password
• PDU : Power distribution unit
• PUE : Power User Effectiveness
• TIA-942: Telecommunications Infrastructure Standards for Data Centres
• VFD : Variable Frequency Drive
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Global-Average PUE Values
► The average PUE rating (Self reported) for Data centres is 1.8 – 1.89, according to a survey of more than 500 data centres globally conducted by Uptime Institute in the year 2012 covering North America (50%), Europe (23%), Asia (14%), Central and South America (7%)
Source : Uptime Institute 2012 Data centre Industry Survey by Matt Stansberry and Julian Kudritzki
9%
2% 2%
4%
6%
11%
9%
13%
11% 11%
7%
5% 4%
1% 2%
3%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
>2.5 2.4 to 2.49
2.3 to 2.39
2.2 to 2.29
2.1 to 2.19
2.0 to 2.09
1.9 to 1.99
1.8 to 1.89
1.7 to 1.79
1.6 to 1.69
1.5 to 1.59
1.4 to 1.49
1.3 to 1.39
1.2 to 1.19
1.1 to 1.19
1.09 or less
Average PUE Value % Globally
