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BUILDING MATERIALS AS A PLASTIC

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As A Building Material AAERT_SID INTERIOR MATERIAL & TECHNOLOGY-1 SEM.- 01
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As A Building Material

AAERT_SID INTERIOR MATERIAL & TECHNOLOGY-1 SEM.- 01

BackgroundPlastics are said to be the most versatile materials on earth.Almost all of the products we use in our daily lives containAlmost all of the products we use in our daily lives containplastics. This display chronicles some of the key discoveries,inventions, and people that have helped make the plastics

The use of plastics materials in buildings, both for

industry what it is today.

construction and decoration, continues to increase,particularly as architects, designers and builders appreciatetheir advantages in construction terms and in the provision oftheir advantages in construction terms and in the provision ofso called ‘maintenance free’ structures. Today, plasticsmaterials are so widely used in the building industry that itmaterials are so widely used in the building industry that itwould be difficult to envisage the construction of any buildingwithout them. Many products are available which meet thevarious building and fire regulations. Some of the areas inwhich these materials are used are listed in table 1.

Table 1. Application of plastics and rubbers in building

Adhesives Anti-vibration Decorative laminates

Sealants

Roofing materials

mountings

Window framesGeotextiles for earthworksg

Waterproof membranes

Glazing

Pipes and gutters

Laminates for formwork

Floor coverings

Sound insulation

Drainage systems

Fascia boards

Laminates for decoration

Sound insulation

Thermal insulation

Fascia boards

Cladding panelsFlexible foams for upholstery

Fibres for carpets and fabrics

Paints and varnishes

Chart 1. Commercial Use of plastics

Classification of Plastics:There are two main groups of Plastics:

1. THERMOPLASTICS 2. THERMOSETTING PLASTICS

High Density PolytheneLow Density Polythene

Epoxy ResinPolyester Resin

Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) PolystyrenePolypropylene

Glass Reinforced PlasticCarbon Fibre PlasticMelamine FormaldehydePolypropylene

Acrylo-nitrile (Nylon)ABS

Melamine Formaldehyde

ABSPoly Vinyl Acetate (PVA)Acrylic (Perspex) Elastomers

High Density Polythene:

HDPE is used for Buckets, Basins,Bottles, Containers and is extensivelyused in both Blow molding & Injectiong jmolding process.

Properties:Properties:Tough, Feels Waxy, Resistant toChemicals

Most LDPE application is film based.

Low Density Polythene:

Most LDPE application is film based.Industry uses also include wire &cables’ coating, injection & Blowmolding is used for plastic bagsmolding is used for plastic bags,Bottles.

Properties:Properties:Soft, Flexible, Good Electrical insulator.

PVC is used for Gutters Drain PipesPolyvinyl Chloride:

PVC is used for Gutters, Drain Pipes,Window/Door Frames & Shutters,Plumbing Fixtures, Furniture

i t t It i ft d iequipments, etc…It is often used inthe Extrusion Process (larger lengthpossible).Properties:Rigid, Water & Weather Resistant,Light Weight, Ease of fabrication &g g ,Installation.

Polystyrene:It is used extensively in thePackaging Industry. It is also widely

i I l t B ildi i

y y

use in Insulate Buildings, inRefrigerators, etc…Properties:Soft, Lightweight, Good Insulator,Water resistance.

Acrylic:

Acrylic is used for Bath’s Fixtures &Sanitary wares, Lighting, DisplayStands.

Properties:Stiff Hard Brittle Scratches easilyStiff, Hard, Brittle, Scratches easily.

It is generally used as a waterproof

Epoxy Resin:

adhesive of as a liquid for casting.

Properties:Strong (When Reinforced), Clear.

I i l k F i i

Melamine Formaldehyde:It is commonly known as Formica is acomposite material made from resinand layers of paper, commonly usedfor worktops.

Properties:pClarity, Stability to Heat, Light,Chemicals, Abrasion and Fire.

It is a composite material made from

Glass Reinforced Plastic:

Resin and Glass Fiber Sheet. Thiscombination produces a lightweightyet extremely strong material andy y gused everywhere from Speed boathulls to Aircrafts, Roofing sheets, etc..Properties:Properties:Very Strong, Lightweight, Easilyworkable.

El l i i h l i

Elastomers:Elastomers are plastics with elasticproperties, most are capable ofconsiderable deformation and willreturn to their original shape. Usesrange from waterproof seals to foampadding.p g

Properties:Flexible Waterproof Heat resistantFlexible, Waterproof, Heat resistant.

Disadvantages of Plastic as Building material:

Two general types PLASTICThermoplastics (melt, deform, vaporize – burns very fast)p ( , , p y )Thermosets (decomposes, loose strength under heat but will not melt, only burns with extreme temps)

Fi i l i l tiFires involving plastics…Burn fastVery intense heatVery intense heatDense black smokeExtremely toxic

UV light will weaken certain plastics and produce a chalky faded appearance on the exposed surface.One disadvantage of plastics materials is their tendency toOne disadvantage of plastics materials is their tendency to soften at elevated temperatures. This has restricted their use as main structural elements and also in hot water systems.Cold can cause some plastics to become brittle and fracture under pressure.

The Monsanto House of the Future was constructed at Disneyland in 1957. Theframe and structure of the house were 100% plastic. The house had fourcantilevered wings floating above beautifully landscaped grounds and waterfallscantilevered wings floating above beautifully landscaped grounds and waterfalls.Like many concept designs, Monsanto’s House of the Future was never massproduced. However, today the building and construction industry is one of thelargest and fastest growing markets for plasticslargest and fastest growing markets for plastics.

USES

USES

USES

Plastic as a Roofing Systems:Corrugated plastic sheeting hasbeen used for roofing inconservatories and buildings whereconservatories and buildings wheretransparent panels have beenrequired. However, in more recentti d bl d t i l ll dtimes double and triple walledpolycarbonate sheeting has becomeincreasingly used, since thisprovides not only diffuse daylight forillumination but also heat insulationand hence reduced heating costs.g

Twin or triple walled polycarbonate:Provides a number of advantagesduring installation since it can becut with conventional tools, is rigidto handle, does not require closelyspaced supports is light in weightspaced supports, is light in weightand can be easily fitted. Inaddition, it can be cold formed orthermoformed into a variety ofshapes to provide attractive andf ti l d f Edfunctional curved surfaces. Edgesand joints can be sealed toprevent draughts Another majorprevent draughts. Another majoradvantage is its resistance tobreakage.

Cladding Panels:UPVC products are now frequently usedin place of the more traditional productsfor external cladding panels fascia andfor external cladding panels, fascia andsoft boards, particularly on newbuildings. Some of the advantagesff d b UPVC li ht i htoffered by UPVC are lighter weight,

resistance to rot, lack of warp and lack ofneed for regular maintenance painting.Products are available in a variety ofcolours, including wood grain finishes.These may be of solid UPVC, doubleThese may be of solid UPVC, doubleskin or foam filled double skinconstruction.Fixing of UPVC products due allowanceFixing of UPVC products- due allowancemust be made for expansion andcontraction to prevent buckling of thesheets due to the heating effect ofsunlight.

Sound Insulation:Sound within buildings may be generalnoise transmitted through walls and floorsor a specific noise from vibratingp gmachinery. The latter can be dealt with byusing vibration mounts as mentionedabove Air-borne noise can also presentabove. Air borne noise can also presentproblems and must be taken into accountwhen designing sound insulation systems.

With general noise, the traditional methodwas to build very thick and heavy wallsy yand floors. However, as buildings havebecome lighter, other methods of soundreduction have become necessary As areduction have become necessary. As ageneral principle, sound insulation can beprovided by either a simple and heavy ora light and complex construction which isa light and complex construction, which isnow replaced by the rubber and plasticsmaterials.

Thermal Insulation:As well as sound insulation, buildingsneed thermal insulation also. This can bemet by using light weight aeratedy g g gconcrete building blocks during theconstruction of the building or byincorporating foamed plastic sheetingincorporating foamed plastic sheetingwithin the structure. Typical foamedplastics include rigid polyurethane foamand expanded polystyrene althoughand expanded polystyrene, althoughvarious other foamed plastics may also beused.Plasterboard can be readily obtained witha 25 mm foamed polystyrene backing.Other composite sheet building productsp g pcan be obtained with polyurethane foamcores. They can be kept clean with verylittle effortlittle effort.

Plastic Decorative Laminates:The normal structure of a plasticdecorative laminate includes asheet of decorative papersheet of decorative paperimpregnated (saturated) with oneor more resins.Plastic decorative laminates havea wide range of uses, they can beused in the furniture industry forykitchen cabinet counters,bookshelves and door linings,among many other things In theamong many other things. In thebuilding industry they can be usedfor partitions screens in order todivide space in offices housesdivide space in offices, houses,etc...

Plastic Adhesives & Sealants:

There are also water-basedversions that can provide betterpheat resistance.Generally solvent-based, these costff ti filli dh ieffective, gap-filling adhesives are

suitable for bonding sheet flooring,adhering skirtings and architraves,signs and wall panels.They have good adhesion to mostsubstrates (especially poroussubstrates (especially porousmaterials such as wood, concrete,brick and plasterboard).Sealants- create a flexible, durablebond which is vibration- and shock-resistantresistant.


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