Building Metering & Benchmarking: It’s Worth the EnergyAmerican University

Emily Curley, Sustainability CoordinatorChris O’Brien, Director of Sustainability

April 16, 2013

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AU Office of Sustainability: Staff

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Strategic Plan Goal #7:“Act on our values through social responsibility and …

an active pursuit of sustainability...”

AU Office of Sustainability: Vision

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ACUPCCCarbon Neutral

by 2020

LEED Certify 25 Existing

Buildings

STARSAchieve a Platinum

Rating

Mayor’s College & University

Sustainability Pledge

Comprehensive Sustainability Plan

Driving Frameworks

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Climate Action Plan

Reduce Consumption

Produce Renewable Energy on Campus

Purchase Renewable Energy

Purchase Offsets

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AU Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

-30,000

-20,000

-10,000

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

Total EmissionsNet EmissionsPurchased ElectricityStudy Abroad Air TravelNatural GasFaculty / Staff CommutingDirectly Financed Air TravelStudent CommutingScope 2 T&D LossesDirect TransportationPaper Purchasing Refrigerants & ChemicalsSolid WasteAgricultureCampus TreesRECs

MTC

O2e

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Benefits of Increasing Energy Savings

Comply with DC Green Building Act Reduce utility costs (electric, gas, water,

chemical) Reduce operations & maintenance (labor,

equipment) Reduce reliance on RECs and Offsets Fulfill Presidents Climate Commitment Improve occupant comfort Earn LEED recognition

LEED Checklist – Existing BuildingsLEED 2009 for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Project Name

Project Checklist Date

Possible Points: 26Y ? N Y ? N

Credit 1 4 Credit 6 1

Credit 2 1 Credit 7 1

Credit 3 1 Credit 8 Solid Waste Management—Durable Goods 1

Credit 4 3 to 15 Credit 9 Solid Waste Management—Facility Alterations and Additions 1

Credit 5 1

Credit 6 1 Possible Points: 15Credit 7.1 1

Credit 7.2 1 Y Prereq 1

Credit 8 1 Y Prereq 2

Y Prereq 3

Possible Points: 14 Credit 1.1 IAQ Best Mgmt Practices—IAQ Management Program 1

Credit 1.2 IAQ Best Mgmt Practices—Outdoor 1Y Prereq 1 Credit 1.3 IAQ Best Mgmt Practices—Increased Ventilation 1

Credit 1 1 to 2 Credit 1.4 IAQ Best Mgmt Practices—Reduce Particulates in Air Distribution1

Credit 2 1 to 5 Credit 1.5 IAQ Mgmt Plan—IAQ Mgmt for Facility Alterations and Additions 1

Credit 3 1 to 5 Credit 2.1 Occupant Comfort—Occupant Survey 1

Credit 4 1 to 2 Credit 2.2 Controllability of Systems—Lighting 1

Credit 2.3 Occupant Comfort—Thermal Comfort Monitoring 1Possible Points: 35 Credit 2.4 Daylight and Views 1

Credit 3.1 Green Cleaning—High Performance Cleaning Program 1Y Prereq 1 Energy Efficiency Best Management Practices Credit 3.2 Green Cleaning—Custodial Effectiveness Assessment 1Y Prereq 2 Credit 3.3 Green Cleaning—Sustainable Cleaning Products, Materials Purchases1Y Prereq 3 Credit 3.4 Green Cleaning—Sustainable Cleaning Equipment 1

Credit 1 1 to 18 Credit 3.5 Green Cleaning—Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control 1

Credit 2.1 2 Credit 3.6 Green Cleaning—Indoor Integrated Pest Management 1

Credit 2.2 2

Credit 2.3 2 Possible Points: 6Credit 3.1 1

Credit 3.2 1 to 2 Credit 1.1 1

Credit 4 1 to 6 Credit 1.2 1

Credit 5 Enhanced Refrigerant Management 1 Credit 1.3 1

Credit 6 Emissions Reduction Reporting 1 Credit 1.4 1

Credit 2 1Possible Points: 10 Credit 3 1

Y Prereq 1 Possible Points: 4Y Prereq 2

Credit 1 1 Credit 1.1 1

Credit 2.1 1 Credit 1.2 1

Credit 2.2 1 Credit 1.3 1

Credit 3 1 Credit 1.4 1

Credit 4 1

Credit 5 1 Possible Points: 110

LEED Accredited Professional

Minimum Energy Efficiency Performance

Certified 40 to 49 points Silver 50 to 59 points Gold 60 to 79 points Platinum 80 to 110

Optimize Energy Efficiency PerformanceExisting Building Commissioning—Investigation and Analysis

Energy and Atmosphere

Innovation in OperationsExisting Building Commissioning—ImplementationExisting Building Commissioning—Ongoing Commissioning

Solid Waste Management Policy

Materials and Resources

Green Cleaning Policy

Indoor Environmental Quality

Minimum IAQ PerformanceEnvironmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

Minimum Indoor Plumbing Fixture and Fitting EfficiencyWater Performance Measurement

Innovation in Operations: Specific TitleInnovation in Operations: Specific Title

Performance Measurement—Building Automation System

Heat Island Reduction—Non-RoofHeat Island Reduction—RoofLight Pollution Reduction

Sustainable Sites

Integrated Pest Mgmt, Erosion Control, and Landscape Mgmt Plan

LEED Certified Design and ConstructionBuilding Exterior and Hardscape Management Plan

Alternative Commuting Transportation

Sustainable Purchasing—Food

Sustainable Purchasing—ElectricSustainable Purchasing—Furniture

Site Development—Protect or Restore Open Habitat

Materials and Resources, Continued

Solid Waste Management—Waste Stream AuditSolid Waste Management—Ongoing Consumables

Water Efficiency

Performance Measurement—System-Level Metering

Stormwater Quantity Control

Sustainable Purchasing Policy Regional Priority Credits

Total

Sustainable Purchasing—Facility Alterations and Additions

Regional Priority: Specific CreditRegional Priority: Specific CreditRegional Priority: Specific Credit

Sustainable Purchasing—Reduced Mercury in Lamps

Sustainable Purchasing—Ongoing Consumables

Innovation in Operations: Specific TitleInnovation in Operations: Specific Title

Regional Priority: Specific Credit

Fundamental Refrigerant Management

Additional Indoor Plumbing Fixture and Fitting EfficiencyWater Efficient Landscaping Cooling Tower Water Management

Documenting Sustainable Building Cost Impacts

On-site and Off-site Renewable Energy

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Energy Efficiency & Occupant Comfort

Studies1 show that Energy Star rated & LEED certified buildings: Increase productivity by 1%-5% Increase employee morale Reduce turnover Improve recruitment Reduce allergic reactions and stress

1 CBRE & University of San Diego, 2009; McGraw-Hill, 2009; Michigan State, 2009; http://www.institutebe.com/Existing-Building-Retrofits/Productivity-Gains-from-Energy-Efficiency.aspx

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Energy Saving Strategies

Install meters 25 ASHRAE level I audits $1.2m energy-saving projects complete

Library Lighting Butler Tunnel Lighting Arena Lighting

ASHRAE level II audits: Bender Library, Katzen, MGC, Sports Center, Ward Circle

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Case Study: Bender Library 117,940 gsf with electricity, district steam &

chilled water, solar PV 5th largest energy using building on campus

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Case Study: Bender Library Results not so encouraging… LEED requires ENERGY STAR score of 19 or

source EUI 19% better than national average

Total kBtu Site EUI (kBtu/sf)

Source EUI (kBtu/sf)

Current Usage (12 months ending June 2012)

18,327,876 155.4 357.3

LEED Prerequisite 9,895,166 83.9 193

Savings Needed to Meet Prerequisite (kBtu) 8,432,710

Savings Needed to Meet Prerequisite (%) 46%

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Bender Library Energy Savings ASHRAE Level II Audit Identified ECMs:

Project Annual kBtu Savings

Cost Annual Savings

Simple Payback (years)

Install VFDs for 40% Minimum Airflow 6,303,804 $390,850 $ 83,165 4.7Demand controlled ventilation w/CO2 sensors 2,838,079 $29,600 $ 10,455 2.8

Replace AHU-3 with a VAV System 286,042 $39,370 $ 8,554 4.6Occupancy Sensors in Offices 14,704 $11,800 $ 1,900 6.2Lighting Setback, Unoccupied Times 14,591 $10,725 $ 4,467 2.4All ECMs Combined* 8,241,456 $482,345 $ 123,560 3.9

% of current energy use 45%*Simply summing all the savings for each measure would not accurately represent the savings that would be seen if all measures were implemented.

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Have since completed relighting/delamping project in Library for additional low-cost savings

On target to meet prerequisite pending improvements

Bender Library Performance After

Total kBtu Site EUI (kBtu/sf)

Source EUI (kBtu/sf)

Current Usage (12 months ending June 2012) 18,327,876 155.4 357.3 LEED Prerequisite 9,895,166 83.9 193Savings identified in audit 8,241,456

New total 10,086,420 85.5 196.6% savings still needed 2%

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Case Study: Katzen Arts Center

3rd largest energy using building on campus 335,476 gsf with electricity, natural gas, solar PV Large parking garage = 60% of total area

Museum and performance space = 20% Art “lab” space = 10%

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Case Study: Katzen Arts Center

Special case for LEED given difficulty of comparison with other buildings

LEED requires source EUI 19% better than 3 year historical baseline average

Total (kBtu/year)

Site EUI (kBtu/sf)

Source EUI (kBtu/sf)

Current usage (12 months ending 12/12) 27,854,037 224.7 456.1

LEED Prerequisite 23,017,416 186 382

Savings Needed to Meet Prerequisite (kBtu) 4,836,621Savings Needed to Meet Prerequisite (%) 17%

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Project Annual kBtu Savings

Cost Annual Savings

Simple Payback

Free Cooling w/ Plate & Frame Heat Exchanger 273,523 $163,846 $11,958 8.4

Variable Primary Chilled Water Pumping 500,001 $87,113 $21,882 4.0

Ice Storage 321,025 $160,810 $23,989 6.7

Summertime Condensing Boiler 1,742,191 $123,520 $17,074 7.6

Chilled Water Temperature Reset 76,501 $5,500 $3,475 2.4

Supply Air Fan Static Pressure Reset 927,511 $5,500 $23,785 0.2

Rebalance to Lower Airflows 1,991,757 $28,000 $48,421 0.6

Solar Thermal Heating Water 1,474,150 $104,310 $15,626 6.7

Daylighting 67,151 $29,260 $8,555 3.4

All ECMs Combined* 5,549,703 $707,859 $131,908 5.4

% of current energy use 19.9%*Simply summing all the savings for each measure would not accurately represent the savings that would be seen if all measures were implemented.

Katzen Energy Savings ASHRAE Level II Audit Identified ECMs:

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Identified ECMs together reduce consumption to LEED prerequisite level

Katzen would qualify for 1 additional LEED point with new total

Katzen Art Center Performance After

Total kBtu Site EUI (kBtu/sf)

Source EUI (kBtu/sf)

Current usage (12 months ending 12/12) 27,854,037 224.7 456.1 LEED Prerequisite 23,017,416 186 382Savings identified in audit 5,549,703

New total 22,304,334 180 365

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Target Campus Energy Use*

LEED compliance level = 69th percentile

* 25 targeted existing buildings.

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20180

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

228,793

178,930

161,839

134,443

104,43497,823

Annual Energy Use Targets

MM

BTU

Fiscal Year

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Target Annual Cost Savings1

125 targeted existing buildings.2Assumes savings in proportion to current electric/gas consumption (56% electric/44% gas). Total savings range is based on splitting savings from 33% electric & 67% gas, to 67% electric & 33% gas.

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 $-

$500,000

$1,000,000

$1,500,000

$2,000,000

$2,500,000

$3,000,000

$240,863

$896,077

$1,521,314

$2,281,082 $2,428,635

Annual Projected Cost Savings

Fiscal Year

2

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Financing Options

1. Invest $8-$10M, 8-10 yr paybacka. $3.3M/yr for 3 yrsb. Increase energy project funding from

$700k/yr to $1.7/yr for 6 yearsi. Consider revolving fund

2. Third Party Financing – $0 cost to AU but cost savings are minimized

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Next Steps

- RFQ for energy conservation measures- Determine financing & contracting

approach- RFPs for design & construction- Finalize contracts & financing- Implement projects

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Lessons Learned Building-level metering is teaching us which

buildings consume the most energy and cost the most to operate

Energy benchmarking is teaching us which buildings are the most inefficient relative to buildings like it

Energy auditing is teaching us that making investments in energy efficiency are often financially prudent and allow us to meet our environmental goals

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Thank you!

sustainability@american.edu

www.american.edu/sustainability

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