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BUILDING ON LEARNINGS BENCHMARKING THE BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURE
Transcript
Page 1: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

BUILDING ON LEARNINGS BENCHMARKING THE BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURE

Page 2: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

GROWTH OF FOOD DEMAND

Page 3: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES &

REGULATIONS

Inclusive

Value

Chain

Enabling

Environment

Policies, Laws

& Regulations

● Promote food production

● Facilitate access to ag inputs

● Encourage competitiveness

● Regulate competition

● Include small & local players

Government

Policymakers

Page 4: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

THE VALUE OF BENCHMARKING

You [Socrates] have discovered the reasons

why some farmers are so successful

that husbandry yields them

all they need in abundance,

and others are so inefficient

that they find farming unprofitable.

I should like to hear the reasons in each case,

in order that we may do what is good

and avoid what is harmful.

Xenophon, 4th Century BC

Page 5: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

THE VALUE OF BENCHMARKING

Page 6: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

Benchmarking the Business of Agriculture aims to

identify and monitor policies and regulations that can

foster an enabling environment for the local and

regional business of agriculture and encourage and

inform policy changes that support inclusive

participation in agricultural markets.

BBA: A TOOL FOR IMPROVED POLICYMAKING

Comparable and actionable indicators

Identify good practices

Motivate reforms

Page 7: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

TIMELINE

10 pilot

countries

10 pilot

+

30 new

countries

40 initial

+

40 new

countries

Concept

development,

consultations

& preparation

2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016

Page 8: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

TIMELINE

10 pilot

countries

10 pilot

+

30 new

countries

40 initial

+

40 new

countries

Concept

development,

consultations

& preparation

Research Preparation Data

Collection

Data

Coding &

Analysis

Pilot

reporting

Consulta-

tions

PILOT PHASE

2014-2015 2015-2016

Page 9: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

THEMATIC COVERAGE

Access to Agricultural

Inputs (Seeds,

Fertilizer, Machinery)

Access to Agricultural

Finance

Access to Transport &

Storage

Access to Agricultural

Land

Access to Markets

(Domestic, Regional, Contract Farming)

Access to Water

Rural Electricity &

ICT

Benchmarking the Business of Agriculture

Page 10: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

THEMATIC COVERAGE

LAND AG

FINANCE SEED FERT

AG

TRANSP MARKET

ICT RURAL

ELECTR

AG

MECHAN

CONTR

FARM

CORE TOPICS

INITIAL TESTING

Page 11: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

TECHNICAL NOTE

Literature

Experts

Advisors

Page 12: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

INDICATOR AREAS Literature

Experts

Advisors

DATA POINTS

/

Page 13: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

QUESTIONNAIRES

Page 14: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

COUNTRY SELECTION

Ag employment / Total employment

Ag

GD

P/ T

ota

l G

DP

Page 15: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

COUNTRY SELECTION

Ag employment / Total employment

Ag

GD

P/ T

ota

l G

DP

Page 16: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

COUNTRY SELECTION

Page 17: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

CONTRIBUTORS

Government institutions

Companies

Associations

Academia

Research institutions

NGOs/farmer organizations

Page 18: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

COUNTRY VISITS

Morocco, Ukraine, Rwanda

Guatemala

Ethiopia, Philippines, Mozambique

November 2013

December 2013

February 2014

Nepal, Uganda, Spain March 2014

Page 19: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

DESIGN TO ANALYSIS

Literature review &

expert consultations

Identification of indicators

and data points

Questionnaire draft,

review & translation

Administer questionnaires to local

experts

Collection & verification of

data

Data gaps filled through

desk research

Internal data review

Final data analysis &

report

Page 20: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

• Unavailability of data (laws, regulations, metrics)

• Statistical unreliability or weakness of data

• Incomparability of data (varying collection methodology)

• Reluctance to provide certain information

• Limited contributor base to verify data (time & motion)

• Specific case study assumptions need to be refined for

time and motion indicators

• Extensive follow up to obtain data

DATA COLLECTION CHALLENGES

Page 21: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

The important vs. the most important

LEARNINGS

VOLUME OF DATA POINTS

Page 22: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

LEARNINGS

ROBUST AND COMPARABLE MEASUREMENTS

Page 23: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

LEARNINGS

DATA COLLECTION WISDOM

• Interaction/relationship

with contributor

• Length of questionnaire

• Prepopulating surveys

Page 24: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

LEARNINGS M

ea

su

rab

ilit

y/

Ro

bu

stn

es

s

Relevance

(+)

(+) (-)

(-)

Page 25: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

LEARNINGS : AG TRANSPORT ( TRU C K ING S ERV IC ES )

Starting trucking company

Licensing requirements/procedures

Market structure

Pricing regulation & freight allocation

Transport prices and costs

Axle-load regulation and inspections

Road blocks, tolls and fees

International agreements

Foreign trucking competition

Accessing appropriate vehicles

Road quality, access and density

Rural roads financing

Agricultural storage

Page 26: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

LEARNINGS : AG TRANSPORT ( TRU C K ING S ERV IC ES )

Licensing of truck operations

Pricing regulation/

freight allocation

Axle load regulations

Monitoring of road access,

density and quality

Foreign trucking competition

Page 27: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

LEARNINGS : ACCESSING FINANCIAL SERVICES

Collateral laws

Average loan cost

Average interest rates

Deposit insurance schemes

# mobile banking users

% agricultural loans

E-money regulations

Asset risk weighting

Regulation of financial intermediaries

# loans secured by movable collateral

Warehouse receipt systems

# of bank branches in rural areas

Microinsurance schemes

Page 28: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

LEARNINGS : ACCESSING FINANCIAL SERVICES

Collateral laws

E-money regulations

Regulation of financial intermediaries

Warehouse receipt systems

Page 29: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

DATA CLASSIFICATION

Laws,

regulations &

institutions

Policy

performance

& market

metrics

DATA

Policy

Regulatory

Market/Practice

Page 30: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

CONSULTATIVE/FEEDBACK PROCESS

oMethodological approach

oAnalysis of indicators

oContributor strategy

CSOs

Technical

exper ts

Report review

Peer rev iewers

Countr y o f f ices

Donors

Technical

exper ts

Technical

exper ts June

2014

Sept

2014

Page 31: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

LOOKING FORWARD

SCALE UP LAND

AG

FINANCE SEED FERT

AG

TRANSP MARKET

TOPICS

ICT ENVIRON

SUSTAIN WATER

MECHA-

NIZATION GENDER

LIVE-

STOCK

Page 32: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

LOOKING FORWARD

DUE CONSIDERATION

OF SMALL FARMERS

Page 33: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

BUILD & REFINE

INDICATORS

LOOKING FORWARD

Challenge of

choosing indicators

that are:

most relevant in determining “enability” of environment

measurable and statistically robust

fully comparable

distinctively address market linkages/opportunities for

smaller farmers

Page 34: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

INDICATORS / DATA POINTS

PROCESS IN MOTION

TECHNICAL NOTE

QUESTIONNAIRES

Page 35: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

PROCESS IN MOTION

Preparation

Remote

data

collection

Remote

+

In country

data collection

Data

coding &

analysis

2014-2015 IMPLEMENTATION

Page 36: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Agri-

Based

Pre-Transition

Urbanizing Transition

Developed

THE AGRICULTURAL

TRANSFORMATION MATRIX (ATM)

Ag

ricu

ltu

re V

A a

s %

of

GD

P

Economically Active in Ag as % of Total Economically Active Population

25.0%

Page 37: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

Ag-Based Pre-Trans Trans Urbanisin

g

Developed Total

Ag VA % Tot 40 % 11% 12% 9 % 2 % 5 %

Ag Empl % Tot 72% 59 % 40 % 19 % 4 % 42 %

AG VA/cap PPP$ 387 521 514 682 519 533

Other VA/cap 588 4,369 3,836 6,577 27,467 9,346

Tot GDP/cap 975 4,879 4,350 7,256 27,986 9,879

Ag VA/Ag wrkr

PPP$

1,236 1,727 2,868 8,770 30,588 2,747

AG Cap Stk/Ag wrkr 715 658 1,408 5,436 37,711 1,710

% at/ below $2 IPL 36 % 32% 14 % 6 % 0 %

ATM Segment Parameters

37

Page 38: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

Not Classified

Ag-Based

Pre-Transition

Transition

Urbanising

Developed

Ag-Based

Pre-Transition

Urbanising Transition

Developed

l 38

Global

Page 39: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

Sub Saharan Africa

Page 40: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

South Asia

Page 41: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

AGRICULTURAL VA AND AGRIBUSINESS VA (AS % OF GDP, AND THEIR RAT IO TO ONE ANOTHER)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Ag Based Pre Transition Transition Urbanising Developed

Ag VA as % of GDP Ag biz as % of GDP Remaining of Other Sectors as % of GDP

Ra

tio

of

Ag

to

Ag

biz

1 : 0.56 1 : 0.87 1 : 1.06 1 : 1.17 1 : 1.90

Page 42: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

POLICY IMPLICATIONS FROM THE ATM

Page 43: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

46% with 4

hours

69% with 4

hours

Page 44: BUILDING ON LEARNINGS - World Bankpubdocs.worldbank.org/en/398921536221653032/SEEP... · 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Agri-Based Pre-Transition Urbanizing

BUILDING ON LEARNINGS BENCHMARKING THE BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURE

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