Building Partnerships for Technology Generation, Assessment and Sharing in Agriculture among West Balkan Countries
Changes in EU Agricultural Policy and the Role of Extension Ciaran Gannon/
27 June 2007
Workshop Objectives….
� To create awareness on new challenges and trends in agricultural research for
development and extension
� To share success stories/ best practices for linking agricultural research,
extension, policy makers and farmers
� To share experiences in ICT applications for strengthening agricultural service
institutions and their linkages
� To identify gaps and opportunities for better investment of scarce resources
through regional cooperation
� To identify potential partners and promoters for regional collaboration
� To formulate and outline of a framework for future regional collaboration
….put in the context of evolution of EU policy and the changing role of extension….
….put in the context of evolution of EU policy and the changing role of extension….
My Presentation….
� What is Extension..?
� Evolution of the policy framework� Rural Development measures
� New challenges: � Targeting of Extension Resources to maximise outcomes
� Efficient knowledge transfer
� Summary points for the West Balkans
First a quick overview of what extension means to different people…First a quick overview of what extension means to different people…
Extension ?Voorlichting: “lighting the pathway ahead”
Penyuluhan: “lighting the path with a torch”
Beratung: “advice how to reach your goal”
Aufklärung: “enlightenment”
Erziehung: “teach people to solve it themselves”
Extension ?Förderung: “Furthering”
Vulgarisation: “Simplify message for the common man”
Дорадчі: “To advise”
What is involved in delivering extension…..What is involved in delivering extension…..
Extension: “The targeted use of information and advice to influence changes in behaviour…”
ACTION OUTCOME
AGENT CUSTOMER
Widespread change in attitude, behaviour
and skills
EXTENSION: + techniques for influencing and
disseminating
Know the facts and have some recommendations
ADVICE: + opinion given or offered as to future action
Know the factsINFORMATION:= items of fact or knowledge
What about delivery mechanisms..?What about delivery mechanisms..?
LEAF
Farmers R’earch
FWAG
Govern’mt Research
Farmers
Gov’ment
SAC
R’earchSpecil’ts
Adviser
Client
Farmers
Local
steering committee
Local
technical committee
National
steering committee
National
technical committee
Regional
CBSC
Regional
CBSC
Clients
Main CBSC
website
Landcare groupCo-ordinator and
group membersFacilitator
External sources of
information
Private
consultants
Cott
on
farm
ers
a b
So, we understand the function, and recognise there are various models for delivery, but how does the policy framework influence extension…?
So, we understand the function, and recognise there are various models for delivery, but how does the policy framework influence extension…?
Policy Evolution…Policy Evolution…1957 Treaty of Rome
agriculture a special concern:
� low incomes and declining rural areas
� high share of employment and of consumers expenditure
� food security
Domestic Support: Intervention Buying
Domestic Support: Intervention Buying
Market Access: Import Tariffs
Market Access: Import Tariffs
Supply Management:Export Subsidies
Supply Management:Export Subsidies
CAP Impact...CAP Impact...
� farmers responded by intensifying production
� high cost of managing surpluses -
grain and butter mountains, wine
lakes, cost of export refunds etc
� in some cases intensification of
agricultural production led to
environmental damage
� Increased focus on Rural Development….
UK Average Wheat Yields 1945-1999
2.602.86
3.643.88
4.414.19
4.34
5.88
6.33
6.97
7.708.05
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999
ton
ne
s p
er
he
cta
re
Evolution of CAP………Evolution of CAP………
EU-30?
Single Payment:
Regional Ave.
Rural Dev. Agri-env. Hill
farming, Diversification
etc.
Post Fischler2010 onwards?€35 bn inc. RD?
EU-30?
Single Payment:
Regional Ave.
Rural Dev. Agri-env. Hill
farming, Diversification
etc.
EU-30?
Single Payment:
Regional Ave.
Rural Dev. Agri-env. Hill
farming, Diversification
etc.
Post Fischler2013 onwards?€35 bn inc. RD?
Fischler2003-201
€50 bn inc. RD
Mkt Support
Direct
EU-25/27
Rural Dev.
Single Paym’t: DecoupledHistoric or Regional Average
Fischler2006-2013
€50 bn inc. RD
Mkt Support
Direct
EU-25/27
Rural Dev.
Single Paym’t: DecoupledHistoric or Regional Average
Agenda 20002004€45 bn
Mkt Support
Direct Payments
Rural Dev.
EU-15
Post MacSharry1999€40 bn
Structural, inc Agri-envirnmt
Direct Payments:Arable Area
Aid, Livestock HeadagePayments
Market Support
EU-15
Pre MacSharry1993
31 bn ECU
Market Support:
Intervention, Export Refunds, Import Duties
Structural Funds
EU-12
Agenda 20002004€45 bn
Mkt Support
Direct Payments
Rural Dev.
EU-15
Agenda 20002004€45 bn
Mkt Support
Direct Payments
Rural Dev.
EU-15
Post MacSharry1999€40 bn
Structural, inc Agri-envirnmt
Direct Payments:Arable Area
Aid, Livestock HeadagePayments
Market Support
EU-15
Post MacSharry1999€40 bn
Structural, inc Agri-envirnmt
Direct Payments:Arable Area
Aid, Livestock HeadagePayments
Market Support
EU-15
Structural, inc Structural, inc Agri-envirnmtAgri-envirnmt
Direct Payments:Arable Area
Aid, Livestock HeadagePayments
Market Support
EU-15
Pre MacSharry1993
31 bn ECU
Market Support:
Intervention, Export Refunds, Import Duties
Structural Funds
EU-12
Pre MacSharry1992
31 bn ECU
Market Support:
Intervention, Export Refunds, Import Duties
Structural Funds
EU-12
1992 2013
“Of course we want to take away all unnecessary burdens here as well, but we must preserve the main objective underlying the Cross-Compliance system: the delivery of public goods and services. This is in the interest of all -and particularly of the farming sector, because Cross-Compliance will help us to win broader support for our policy in future.”
Mariann Fischer Boel- EU Commissioner, Oct
2006
Farm A
dvisor
y Sys
tem
http://
agrif
ish.jr
c.it/m
arsp
ac/m
eetin
gs/2006-1
0-02_Isp
ra/in
dex.htm
Structure of the Rural Development RegulationStructure of the Rural Development Regulation
� Axis 1: Improving the competitiveness of the agriculture and forestry sector
� Axis 2: Improving the environment and the
countryside
� Axis 3: The quality of life in rural areas and
diversification of the rural economy
� Axis 4: Leader
Rural Development 2007-2013
LEADER AXIS
AXIS I
Competitiveness
AXIS II
Environment
and Land
Management
AXIS II
Economic drivers
and quality of life
Single set of programming, financing, monitoring, auditing rules
SINGLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Axis 1 - CompetitivenessAxis 1 - Competitiveness
� Article 21: Vocational training, information actions, including diffusion of scientific knowledge and innovative practises, for persons engaged in the agricultural, food and forestry sectors
� Article 22: Setting up young farmers
� Article 23: Early retirement of farmers and farm workers
� Article 24: Use by farmers and forest holders of advisory services
� Article 25: Setting up of management, relief, and advisory services.
� Article 26: Modernisation of agricultural holdings
� Article 27: Improving the economic value of forests
� Article 28: Adding value to agricultural and forestry products
� Article 29: Cooperation for development of new products, processes and technologies in the agricultural and food sector and in the forestry sector
� Article 30: Improving and developing infrastructure related to the development and adaptation of agriculture and forestry
� Article 31: Meeting Standards based on Community Legislation
� Article 32: Participation of farmers in food quality schemes
� Article 33: Information and promotion activities
Axis 2 - EnvironmentAxis 2 - Environment
� Article 37: Payments to farmers in mountain areas and other areas with handicaps, other than mountain areas
� Article 38: Natura 2000 payments and payments linked to Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD)
� Article 39: Agri-environment payments
� Article 40: Animal Welfare payments
� Article 41: Support for non-productive investments
� Articles 43-49: Measures targeting the sustainable use of forestry land� Article 43 – First Afforestation of Agricultural Land
Article 44 – First Establishment of Agroforestry systems on agricultural landArticle 45 – First afforestation of non-agricultural land
� Article 46 – NATURA 2000 Payments� Article 47 – Forest Environment Payments� Article 48 – Restoring Forestry potential and introducing prevention action� Article 49 – Support for Non-Productive Investments
New objectives - Adaptation to Climate Change and Resource protectionNew objectives - Adaptation to Climate Change and Resource protection
Axis 3 – Quality of lifeAxis 3 – Quality of life
� Articles 53 –55: Measures to diversify the rural economy.� Article 53: Diversification into non-agricultural activity� Article 54: Support for business creation and development� Article 55: Encouragement of tourism activities
� Articles 56 – 57: Measures to improve the quality of life in rural areas.� Article 56: Basic services for the rural economy and population� Article 57: Conservation and upgrading of the rural heritage
� Article 58: Training and information measure for economic actors operating in the fields covered by Axis 3.
� Article 59: Measure for skills acquisition and animation with a view to preparing and implementing a local development strategy.
Article 61 LeaderArticle 61 Leader
� Area-based local development strategies intended for well-identified sub-regional rural territories
� Local public-private partnerships (Local Action Groups)
� Bottom-up approach with a decision making power for local action groups concerning the elaboration and implementation of local development strategies
� Multi-sectoral design and implementation of the strategy based on the interaction between actors and projects of different sectors of the local economy
� Implementation of innovative approaches
� Implementation of cooperation projects
� Networking of local partnerships
Support measures for candidate and potential candidate countries reflect this model……
Support measures for candidate and potential candidate countries reflect this model……
Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance – IPA
5 components..
Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance – IPA
5 components..
1. Transition assistance and institution building
2. Cross border co-operation
3. Regional development
4. Human resources development
5. Rural development � IPARD
� Axis 1: Improving market efficiency
� Axis 2: Prep for implementation of AE and LEADER
� Axis 3: Development of the rural economy
This more holistic approach reflects the model for sustainable development
and presents new challenges for those involved in extension…
integration, targeting and knowledge transfer – some illustrations..!
This more holistic approach reflects the model for sustainable development
and presents new challenges for those involved in extension…
integration, targeting and knowledge transfer – some illustrations..!
Phosphates – Crops
FAVOURABLE
FAVOURABLE OTHER
DESTROYED
PART DESTROYED
UNFAVOURABLE DECLINING
UNFAVOURABLE NO CHANGE
UNFAVOURABLE RECOVERING
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Low Risk
High Risk
SSSI Distribution and Unit Conditions
Integrating Advice to deliver multiple outcomes
Innovators
Early adopters
Early Majority
Late majority
Laggards
Targeting extension resources ?
recognising rates of adoption, and target zones..
Targeting extension resources ?
recognising rates of adoption, and target zones..
Time
Ra
te o
f a
do
pti
on
of
new
te
ch
no
log
y
Using GIS to target multiple outcomes…andUsing GIS to target multiple outcomes…and
Fostering collaborative activity..to share knowledge and understanding…
Fostering collaborative activity..to share knowledge and understanding…
Summary Points for the West BalkansSummary Points for the West Balkans
� New policy framework for rural development will necessitate an integrated and joined-up approach to address the significant challenges of competitiveness, environmental enhancement and social development
� GIS and other technology can facilitate targeting of extension resources for optimum effect
� Trans-regional collaboration is encouraged by the EU for the multiple benefits accruing
� The pace of change will not ease up……
Final Comment….Final Comment….
“ when the world is changing very slowly, you don’t need much information…
But when the change is rapid, then there is a premium on information to guide the
process of change”
Lester Brown, Environmental Analyst
WWW references…WWW references…
EU
� Agriculture and Rural Development http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/index_en.htm
� Rural Development Policy http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rurdev/index_en.htm
� Interreg Programme http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/interreg3/index_en.htm
UK
� Defra: Rural Development http://www.defra.gov.uk/rural/default.htm
� Centre for Rural Innovation http://www.cfri.co.uk/index.php
Building Partnerships for Technology Generation, Assessment and Sharing in Agriculture among West Balkan Countries
Changes in EU Agricultural Policy and the Role of Extension Ciaran Gannon
27 June 2007