Building Regulations and the Future of Energy Efficient BuildingsChris HughesProgramme ManagerEnergy Performance of Buildings Directive
Overview
• SEAI
• Energy Efficiency Building Regulations– Part L Conservation of Fuel and Energy– Part F Ventilation– EPBD
Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland
• Statutory authority, established 1st May 2002• Mission of transforming Ireland into a society based on sustainable
energy structures, technologies and practices, and a vision of making Ireland a recognised global leader in sustainable energy
• New 5 year strategy published March 2010• c. 66 staff in four locations: Dublin, Dundalk, Sligo, Cork• Reporting to Department of Communications, Energy and Natural
Resources
SEAI Role in EPBD
• SEAI is the designated Issuing Authority • Provision of methodologies and calculation software • Defining rules for competence and conduct• Administering National BER Scheme:
• Registering BER Assessors• National BER Domestic Assessor Exam• Processing BER Assessments• Hosting BER Registers• Quality Assurance and Auditing• BER Helpline
• Promoting awareness of BER• Advice and support to Government Departments
Residential 25%
Commercial /Public 16%
Industry23%
Transport33%
Agriculture3%
Primary Energy Requirement
Transport Sector20%
Energy Supply Sector
2%
Other Residential and Business &
Public Sector incentives 49%
Building Regulations
29%
Contribution of Part L Building Regulations to National Energy Reduction 2020 Targets
Source: NEEAP 2009
Negative abatement cost2.5 million tCO2e abated
SEAI Low Carbon Opportunity Study
• National Climate Change Strategy 2007-2012– Limit CO2 emissions to 13% above 1990 levels
• Programme for Government 2007-2012– 40% Improvement in 2005 Dwellings by 2007– 60% Improvement in 2005 Dwellings by 2010– Establish ambitious but realistic % reduction on currentstandards by 2011 for Buildings other than Dwellings– Carbon Neutral Dwellings Framework by 2013
• EPBD/Recast EPBD (published 18/6/2010)– Implementation of BER– Target for `Nearly Zero Energy Buildings’
2018(Public) 2020 (All Buildings) – Energy Efficiency standards for New and
Retrofit Buildings to Cost Optimal standards
Energy Efficiency Targets
PART TITLE
1997 Part A Structure
2004 Part C Site Preparation and Resistance to Moisture
2000 Part D Materials and Workmanship
1997 Part E Sound
2009 Part F Ventilation
2008 Part G Hygiene
1997 Part H Drainage and Waste Water Disposal
1997 Part J Heat Producing Appliances
1997 Part K Stairways Ladders Ramps and Guards
2011 Part L Conservation of Fuel and Energy - Dwellings
2008 Part L Conservation of Fuel and Energy – Building other than Dwellings
2000 Part M Access for People with Disabilities
Building Regulations
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
19911997200220052007200820092010201120122013
kWh/m2/yr for typical dwelling
D1C1B2B1A3A1/A2
Building Regs Introduced
Building Regs IntroducedHeat Energy RatingIntroduced
Heat Energy RatingIntroduced
U values improvedDwellings
U values improvedDwellings
Introduction of DEAP. U values improved for Buildings other than Dwellings
Introduction of DEAP. U values improved for Buildings other than Dwellings
40% Improvement Dwellings40% Improvement Dwellings
Introduction of NEAP for Buildings other than Dwellings and Consolidation into SI 259 of all previous Part L regualtions
Introduction of NEAP for Buildings other than Dwellings and Consolidation into SI 259 of all previous Part L regualtions
60% Improvement Dwellings60% Improvement Dwellings
Improvement to Part L Buildings other than Dwellings
Improvement to Part L Buildings other than Dwellings
Carbon Neutral Framework Dwellings
Carbon Neutral Framework Dwellings
C2
Evolution of Building Regulations
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Review of Part F for improved Indoor Air Quality IAQ
Review of Part F for improved Indoor Air Quality IAQ
Review of Part J
Review of Part J
Review of Part F as required
Review of Part F as required
Reviews of Part F Ventilation and Part J Heat Producing Appliances
Reduce Demand for Energy through Passive Measures
Increase supply from renewable and efficient sources
Principle underpinning Part L
Compliance with Part LDwellings
Overall ComplianceSect. 1.1 calculation in DEAP by achieving MPEPC (0.6) and MPCPC(.69) (equivalent to 40% Reduction on 2005)
+
Minimum Threshold Level ComplianceTGD L Sections: 1.2 Renewable Energy 10kWh/m21.3 Building FabricU-Values (Backstops)Thermal Bridging ACDsAir Tightness 10m3/hr/m21.4 Building ServicesBoiler Efficiency 86%Space Heating Controls(zoning and time control)InsulationMechanical Ventilation System Efficiency1.5 Construction Quality and Commissioning1.6 User Information
=
Achieving compliance with Part L Dwellings
Overall ComplianceSect 1.1Compliance With NEAPMPEPC=1MPCPC=1
+
Minimum Threshold Level ComplianceTGD L BuildingsOther than Dwellings Sects: 1.2 Fabric1.3 Building Services
=Compliance with Part L
Buildings other than Dwellings
Achieving compliance with Part L Buildings other than Dwellings
Software compliance checking toolFacilitates Compliance and Self VerificationProvides support verification systems e.g.HARP Database, WEPS, Air Tightness testingIncreases awareness and training
DEAP
• Achieves 60% improvement on 2005 Building Regulations using DEAPcompliance tool. MPEPC=0.4, MPCPC=0.46
• Boiler efficiencies improved to 90%• Backstop values reduced for passive measures
– Backstop U Values (Walls 0.27 to 0.21, Windows 2.0 to 1.6, Roof (insulation on slope) 0.20 to 0.16, Floor 0.25 to 0.21 )
– Air tightness (10m3/hr/m2 to 7m3/hr/m2)– Air testing clarified for individual units
• Appendix D Linear Thermal Transmittance Values(psi values) are published for Acceptable Construction Details to enable calculation of Heat Loss due to thermal bridging for specific dwellings
• Certified Thermal Modellers scheme to enable calculation of psi values for customised details
• DEAP review to take place as part of Part L review
Part L 2011 Dwellings
60% Improvement on 2005 for 126m2 3 Bed Semi-detached House
Walls U =0.14W/m2K e.g. 150mm cavity wall with 100mm cavityinsulation of thermal conductivity 0.022 W/mK and 50mminsulated board of conductivity 0.022 W/mK.
Roof U = 0.12 W/m2K e.g. 340 mm insulation of conductivity 0.04W/m K, between and over ceiling joists.
Floor U = 0.14 W/m2K e.g. Slab-on-ground floor with 110 mminsulation of conductivity 0.023W/mK
Opaque Door U = 1.5W/m2K
Windows andglazed doors
Double glazed, low E (En = 0.05, soft coat) 20mm gap, argonfilled, PVC frames, U=1.3w/m2K
Living areafraction
25% of total floor area
Shading andorientation
All glazing oriented E/W; average overshading
126m2 3 Bed Semi-detached House continuedSheltered sides 2
Thermal Bridging 0.05x total exposed surface area (W/m2K)
Internal heat Capacitycategory (Thermal mass)
Medium
Ventilation system Natural ventilation with intermittent extract fans
Air permeability Infiltration due to structure = 0.25 ac/h
Chimneys/Open Flues None
Extract Fans Three
Draught Lobby One
Primary heating fuel (space and water)
Mains gas
Heating system Boiler and radiators with energy efficient circulating pump in heated space
Boiler Mains gas condensing boiler, seasonal efficiency 91.3%, room-sealed, fanned flue
Heating System Controls Time and Temperature Zone Control
Hot Water System Solar water heating system with flat plate collector of aperture area = 5.5 m2, n0 = 0.6, a1 = 3.0 W/m2 K, facing SE/SW at 30 degrees and unshaded, twin coil cylinder 320 litre with 100 mm Insulation. Solar Fraction 57%.Remainder of demand met by space heating boiler, separatetime control for space and water heating, cylinder temperature controlled by thermostat.
Primary water heating losses
Insulated primary pipework between boiler and cylinder
Secondaryspace heating
Gas fire, closed front, fan assisted, balanced flue – efficiency 80%
Low energy light fittings
100%
126m2 3 Bed Semi-detached House continued
ResultDwelling heated by mains gas Dwelling heated by oil (with
secondary heating by LPG)
Primary energy[kWh/m2 yr]
61 60
CO2 emissions[kg/m2 yr]
12 15
EPC 0.40 0.40
CPC 0.38 0.46
Examples for other dwelling types available in Part L 2011 Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) available on http://www.environ.ie/en/Legislation/DevelopmentandHousing/BuildingStandards/FileDownLoad,23658,en.pdf
Costing Estimate over 2007 TGD L
4863Additional Cost Estimate over TGD L 2007
• Available on www.environ.ie “Building Standards” Tab– DECLG/SEAI/Homebond
• Introduction and general theory of insulation continuity and airtightness
• Acceptable Construction Details -7 Parts– DECLG/SEAI Heating and Domestic Hot Water Systems for Dwellings-
Achieving Compliance with Part L 2008 (Review for 2011 Part L)• Available from www.SEAI.ie
– DEAP– NEAP– HARP Database– SEAI Database of renewable products
• Available from NSAI IAB– Window Energy Performance Scheme (WEPS)– Air Tightness Testing Certification– Code of practice for building services – Part 1: Domestic plumbing &
heating (to be published)– Code of practice for building services – Part 2: Solar panels (to be
published)
Other supporting Part L Guidance and systems
• Part F 2009 applies Buildings applying for Planning Permission from 1 Oct 2010
• Purpose of Ventilation:• Limiting moisture content within buildings �
condensation/ mould growth• Limiting harmful pollutants � indoor air
quality• Provides guidance for dwellings to achieve 0.5ach
• Natural Ventilation• Mechanical Ventilation with Heat
Recovery(MVHR)• Mixed Mode ventilation(strategies that combine
natural ventilation with mechanical ventilation and/or cooling in the most effective manner) is referenced for Buildings other than Dwellings
• Supporting Installation guide-”Installation and Commissioning of Ventilation Systems for Dwellings Achieving Compliance with Part F” to be published
Part F Ventilation
• Equivalent Area(area of sharp edged plate that passes same air volume at same applied pressure as vent being tested) of background ventilation required is based on floor area. Minimum of 30,000mm2 with an additional 5000mm2 for each 10m2 > 70m2. Additional 5000mm2 required for single storey dwellings up to 4 floors
• Similar equivalent areas on opposite sides to maximise cross ventilation
• Increase equivalent area requirement by 40% where air permeability is less than 5 m3/hr/m2
Natural Ventilation
Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery
• 0.3l/s/m2 or 5l/s +4/s per person whichever is greater minimum capacity and boost rate based on extract rates in Table 2. (.04 Volume adjustment for air permeability)
• Guidance provided on installation and commissioning
• User information to be provided on operation and maintenance of Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery
Ref. The Federation of Environmental Trade Associations
(FETA) Residential Ventilation Association CPD
Installation
Commissioning and User Manual
Energy Efficiency - What’s next?
2010 2011 2012 2013 2016
Framework for Carbon Neutral to go for Consultation
Framework for Carbon Neutral to go for Consultation
Review Part L Buildings other than Dwellings
Review Part L Buildings other than Dwellings
EPBD Recast Action Plan consultation End 2011
EPBD Recast Action Plan consultation End 2011
DEHLG/NSAI/SEAI Retrofit Code of Practice to be developed
DEHLG/NSAI/SEAI Retrofit Code of Practice to be developed
Introduce Recast EPBD Cost Optimal Methodology
Introduce Recast EPBD Cost Optimal Methodology
Implement Carbon Neutral Framework Dwellings
Implement Carbon Neutral Framework Dwellings
Introduce Low Energy standard for Buildings other Than Dwellings
Introduce Low Energy standard for Buildings other Than Dwellings
Published in European Journal, June 2010.Most requirements in place under existing BER / Part L arrangements.Additional requirements include• Energy Efficiency Standards in building code for new and
renovated buildings to be set at cost optimal levels• BER certificate ratings to be quoted in property adverts• DEC requirement will broaden to include public buildings over
500m2 and some frequently visited commercial buildings (Retail, Banks, etc.)
• Member states to develop plans for increasing stock of low carbon / low energy buildings
• Public authorities to act as exemplars by promoting energy performance of buildings
• Use of BER in adverts and promotional material (parallel commitment in Renewed Programme for Government) to be signed into law later this year.
Recast EPBD
How Ireland Compares U Values required to achieve energy performance coefficient 2008
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
France
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Hungary
Flanders
Germany 2008
Poland
Denmark
Ireland 2008
Finland
Netherlands
Norway
W/m2K
Source:Asiepi Comparison of Energy Performance Requirement Levels
Comparison of TGD L 2010 opaque EPC U Values to Passiv standard
2007
TG
DL
2007
TG
DL
2007
TG
DL
Pas
siv
Std
.
Pas
siv
Std
.
Pas
siv
Std
.
2010
TG
D L
2010
TG
D L
2010
TG
D L
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Walls Roof Floor
Source: SEAI GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PASSIVE HOUSE DWELLINGS IN IRELAND
Asiepi study shows2008 TGD L U values comparable to leading countries
Comparison to SEAI guidelines show TGD L 2011 Opaque U values comparable to Passive House Standard
Thank You