Building Services News Building Services News Volume 22 Issue 8 Article 1 8-1-1983 H & V News H & V News Follow this and additional works at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/bsn Part of the Civil Engineering Commons, Construction Engineering Commons, and the Construction Engineering and Management Commons Recommended Citation Recommended Citation (1983) "H & V News," Building Services News: Vol. 22: Iss. 8, Article 1. doi:10.21427/D77D75 Available at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/bsn/vol22/iss8/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at ARROW@TU Dublin. It has been accepted for inclusion in Building Services News by an authorized administrator of ARROW@TU Dublin. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License
Transcript
Building Services News Building Services News
Volume 22 Issue 8 Article 1
8-1-1983
H & V News H & V News
Follow this and additional works at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/bsn
Part of the Civil Engineering Commons, Construction Engineering Commons, and the Construction
Engineering and Management Commons
Recommended Citation Recommended Citation (1983) "H & V News," Building Services News: Vol. 22: Iss. 8, Article 1. doi:10.21427/D77D75 Available at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/bsn/vol22/iss8/1
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at ARROW@TU Dublin. It has been accepted for inclusion in Building Services News by an authorized administrator of ARROW@TU Dublin. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected].
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License
Bob Armstrong, Suite 6 (Upper floor)Carryduff Shopping Centre,
Carryduff. Belfast.Tel: Belfast 813494
Irish Heating & VentilatingNews circulates to key
executives in the heating.ventilating. air conditioning.refrigeration. sanitaryware.
plumbing and environmentalcontrol industries. Its circulationalso includes energy managers.architects. designers. sanitaryengineers. and environmentalengineers in the 32 counties
of Ireland.
Subscription Rate.One Year £15
Printed by Mercury Print Ltd5/7 Main Street. Blackrock.
Co Dublin.
All editorial contents and alladvertisement artwork prepared
by the publishers. IrishTrade & Technical Publications
Ltd. 1983
Newsdesk page 2
Interview page 9Ray Loughran talks to Harry Pattison, National Organiser,EMA.
Unfair Dismissals page 10By Professor John Lynch
Ulster News page 12By Eric McBride
New Products page 14
Safety In Gas Distribution page 18
Analysis of the Ducting & Ventilation Industry.. page 20
Product Review page 23Insulation
IHVN, Augusl 1983
3
et al.: H & V News
Published by ARROW@TU Dublin, 1983
NEWS
Top Irish Dairy Men Visit Prestcold
EUROPE'S COALMENVISIT DUBLIN
• (L to R): Mike Cody and Chris Blomfield, Smurfit Pilots; DermotCoyle, Lough Egish Co-Op; John Jo Collier, Avonmore Creamery; JohnConsidine, Waterford Co-Op; Michael Stewart, HRP Walker; SeamusMonaghan, North Connacht Farmers; Pat Doyle, Dublin District;Michael Fleming, Agricultural Institute Fermoy; Chris Dalley, Prestcold;Tony Madden, HRP Walker; Dick O'Callaghan, Kerry Co-Op and GlynnMeasures, Prestcold pictured on departure to the Prestcold Plant inTheale.
IDHE AGMThe IDHE InternationalIrish Branch AGM will beheld in the Engineers Club,Clyde Road, Dublin 4 on22nd September, 1983 at7.30 p.m.
The Agenda is asfollows:I. Minutes of last AGMand matters arising.2. Chairman's Report.3. Secretary's Report.4. Treasurer's Report.5. Educational Report.6. Registration andpolicing of Registration ofContractors7. Corporate Membership8. Financial Sponsorshipfor committee to attendHevac exhibition in 19848. Appointment ofNational. Council10. Award of Fellowships.
CIBS DiaryTo open their programmeof activities this Autumnon a totally different socialnote the CIBS are holdinga race evening with theladies in mind. Costs havebeen kept to a minimumwith the race card costingonly £4 and this includessupper.
Proceeds in aid of theBenevolent Association.Venue: St. Marys RugbyClub, Terenure.Date: Wednesday,September 21, 1983.Time: First race 8.00 p.m.sharp.
The first CIBS TechnicalEvening of the year isdevoted to lighting. Philips(Ire) are scheduled topresent what promises tobe a most interesting paperon recent developments inlighting technology. Newlight sources, luminaires,calculation aides, highfrequency control gear andthe integrated functionscontrol system will bediscussed anddemonstrated.
If you have anyinvolvement whatever inlighting this evening shouldprove of particularinterest.Venue: Engineers ClubDate: Thursday,September 29th 1983Time: 6.30 p.m.
party went on to theNational Institute forDairy Research atShinefield, Reading.
hosted a dinner andreception in Jurys Hotel,Dublin, to mark thesignificance of the visit.
The Minister for State atthe Dept. of Industry andEnergy, Mr. E. Collins,was present at thefunction, with Departmentpersonnel, and deliveredan important addresseffecting Ireland's role inEuropean affairs. Theprominent Cork coalimporter, Mr. TedO'Sullivan, received theguests.
the complex computerisedmonitoring of milk from6,000 sources.
In the afternoon, the
CIS TRAINING COURSECoal Information Services are again running theirTechnical Training Course scheduled 12 Sept. '83 at22 Clyde Rd. (I.E. I.).
The Course is fourth of series which have beenorganised over the past few years in conjunction withS.F.A.S., UK and participants can qualify for themuch valued Diploma/Certificate of Proficiency inSolid Fuel Heating Goods practice.
The chief lecturer will be Ken Johnston, DeputyHead of Training, N.C.B.
Applications to Jim Maher or Miss Nuala Lawler at18 D'Olier St., Dublin 2, (Tel: 776246).
Open to all parts of the country, there are a totalof 25 places envisaged on the course and suitable,mainly, for people in solid fuel heating installation ordistribution/stockist of appliances and equipment.
Mr. Rudi Nickels ofGermany, President of theEuropean Coal and SteelConsultative Committee,accompanied by theMembers of the Bureau,visited Dublin recently foran E.C.S.C. meeting andwere received by PresidentHillery at Arus anUachtarann.
The Irish members M/SJ. Maher, P. Donegan andG. Farren were also inattendance.
On the Sunday eveningof the visit, Coal
~ Information Service Ltd.
HRP Walker, therefrigeration componentswholesaler subsidiary ofWalker Air Conditioningand sole distributor for thefull range of Prestcoldcompressors andcondensing unitsthroughout Ireland,recently flew a party of thetop Irish dairy advisers inthe Smurfit jet to thePrestcold plant in Theale.The purpose was to inspectthe manufacturing facilitiesthere and to study theadvantages of Prestcoldequipment for use on bulkmilk tanks as compared toany other brand. Prestcoldproducts have aparticularly goodreputation within thegrowing Irish dairyindustry, particularly forbulk milk cooling. In fact,Product Manager, MichaelStewart estimates that 50per cent of the refrigeratedmilk tanks presentlyoperating in this field inIreland, have Prestcold aircooled condensing unitsfrom the AS, MA or ASRranges installed. Prestcoldequipment is needed torefrigerate the bulk milkstorage tanks that everydairy farmer in Irelandmust have if he wishes tosupply his milk via thevarious co-op boards.
The party comprisedJohn Considine(Waterford Co-Op), JohnJo Collier (AvonmoreCreamery), SeamusMonaghan (NortJ"lConnacht Farmers),Michael Fleming(Agricultural InstituteFermoy), Pat Doyle(Dublin District), DickO'Callaghan (KerryCo-Op), Dermot Coyle(Lough Egish Co-Op) andMichael Stewart of HRPWalker.
After a full day at thePrestcold manufacturingplant, the party went tothe dogs - literally :-. andspent a very entertalOlOgevening backing sure firewinners! On day two theBritish Milk MarketingBoard at Thames Dittonshowed the party overtheir facilities, including
2 IHVN. August /983
4
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
Starlite byArmitage Shanks - a range of luxury bathroom fittings which will co-ordinate with yoursuited decor. The fittings are finished in Lustron gold or chrome plate and are available with a choice ofven different handwheels. You select the style and colour to suit your colour scheme.
Armitoge Shanks 'Lustron' offers real gold plate with a hard protective coating at a cost which is littlemore than chromium plate - real luxury ata realistic price.Armitoge Shanks design features include easy grip, non-rising headworks, aerators on monoblocs,anti-6plash flow stroighteners on taps and mixers, and efficient pop-up wastes.Storlite is designed for the bathroam of today - and tomorrow.
J. Arc1Ic White on Arc1Ic Wh,te IChrome plate only.2. Red Tortoiseshell on Lustron Gold only.3. Brawn Tortoiseshell on Lustron Gold only.4. Green Torloiseshell on Lustron Gold only.5. Golden Torloiseshell on Lustron Gold only.6. Veined oystereHect on Lustron Gold or Chrome
plate.7. 5imulafeci onyx in Brawn on Lustron Gold or
Chrome plate.8. 5imulafeci onyx in White on Lustron Gold orChrome
plate.9. 5imulafeci onyx in Green on Lustron Gold or
Chrome plate.10. Chrome plate. 11. Lustron Gold.
Bidet monoblocmixer withpop-up waste.
v,
This leaflet illustrates the mostpopular fittings in the Starlite range.Your local stockists will be pleased toadvise you of other Storlite fittingsavailable e.g. wall mounted mixer.
Colours pnnted on thiS leaflet ore Cl5 nearos possible 10 the manufactured ronge ofArmitage Shanks quality bathrooms. Foroccurate componson of colour see oduolh"ings on display at Armitage Shanksstockists.
l/," pillar tops withquarter turn, easyoperation lever action.
Basin
Dual flow basin mixer with Rotaflopop-up waste (illustrated overlea~. Asingle flow version is also available.
Our.policy is one ot continuous improvement and we reserve the right to change specifications and designs at any time without notice.5
et al.: H & V News
Published by ARROW@TU Dublin, 1983
NEWS
New Title for Nu-Way New Format IDHE Courseover three years.C.ourse of Study:First year: Drawing,Physics, Mathematics,Heat Transfer. SecondYear: Mathematics, HeatTransfer Systems,Combustion. Third Year:Mathematics, HeatTransfer, Combustion.
The Institute awards itsown diploma to candidateswho successful1y completeits three year course.
The diploma entitlescandidates to apply for useof the Institutes titles.
Further details of thecourse from the Secretary,IDHE, 18 Aranleigh Vale,Rathfarnhame, Dublin 14.(Tel. 945257) or TheCollege of Technology,Bolton St., Dublin 1.
DramaticImpressionby MysonThe Myson thermostaticradiator valve, which ismanufactured by ScangloInternational Limited,Newcastle West, Co.Limerick, has made adramatic impression on theU.K. market.
It has increased its shareof the UK market, in oneyear, by 500070 and is nowselling at the rate of200,000 units per annum.
In the U.K., Statebodies and householdersalike, are becoming moreaware of the absolutenecessity, in conservingexpensive energy, and arenow focusing theirattention on the relativeinexpensive thermostaticvalve, to achieve realsavings in this area.
Unfortunately thisawareness is not present inthe Irish market, andconsequently expensiveenergy, which is imported,is being wasted daily, inmost Irish homes andoffice blocks.
Installation of TRV's onexisting radiators, isrelatively inexpensive andwould save 20% on fuelbil1s.
This three year eveningcourse reference E60prepares students for theexamination of theInstitute of DomesticHeating & EnvironmentalEngineers. Successfulcandidates wil1 be eligiblefor entry to the institute.Membership wil1 gain entrywith exemption to theEnvironmental/Buildingservices course (D43V) andopens the way to gainTechnician Grade in theIEI.Entrance:The course is available tothose who are employed inthe heating industry.Duration of Course:Three evenings per week
Managing Director ofNu-Way Heating PlantsLimited but remains asChairman of the newcompany on hisappointment as ChiefExecutive - EngineeringDivision, Wolseley-Hughesplc.
Other Nu-Way Limitedboard appointments areMr. W. D. Lawtie,Managing Director; Mr.W. J. O. Bartlett,Commercial Director; Mr.B. G. Creed, FinancialDirector; Mr. J. W.Findlay, Technical SalesDirector and Mr. A.Fowkes, Export Director.
Nu-Way Heating PlantsLimited and Nu-WayEnergy Limited, bothmembers of theEngineering Division ofWolseley-Hughes plc,announce that as of 1stAugust 1983 they willmerge to form a newcompany under the titleNu-Way Limited.
Separate divisions wil1be set up within the newcompany to continue tomeet the needs forburners, combustionsystems, spares andservices in the heating andindustrial process markets.
Mr. G. A. Fosterrelinquishes his position as
RECENT SELKIRK CONTRACTSA,s appointe? "Selkirk" Mr. Bre!ldan Bracken at I~vailable to help with anydlstnbutors In Ireland 58 Castlevlew Rd., turther information youPotter Cowan (Ireland) Clondalkin, Co. Dublin is may require.Ltd. handle the full rangeof Selkirk stainless steelinsulated chimneys for alloil, gas and solidinstallations.
Potter Cowan specialisein the design, supply andinstallation of all types ofchimney system, two oftheir most recent contractsbeing Wheat Industries Ltd.Cork which consists of2-30" chimneys 130 ft.high suitable for either oilor pulverised fuel and St.James's Hospital whichconsists of 8-24" chimneys150 ft. high for oil andsolid fuel. Both of thesecontracts feature the openmast "Pace" design whichmakes chimneys morearchitecturally acceptablethan the conventionalwindshield design usingSelkirk ST chimney whichis a triple walled insulatedchimney.
On the smaller typecontracts Potter Cowan(Ireland) Ltd. can offereither Selkirk SM chimneywhich is twin walledinsulated stainless steelsuitable for oil, gas orsolid fuel or Selkirk gasvent which again is twinwalled but not insulated orSelkirk single walledstainless steel chimneys. • A typical Selkirk chimney installation.
4 IHVN, Augus( 19836
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
• Pictured at the recent Gas Ireland 'S3 exhibition on the Hoyne GroupStand were (I to r): Vivian Hoyne, Senior Sales Representative, WholesaleHardware Ltd.; Cliff Williams, Managing Director, T. C. WilliamsBurners Ltd.; and Michael Hoyne, Director, Wholesale Hardware Ltd.
• Edmund Martin
Thorn EMI HeatingLimited announce that Mr.Edmund Martin has beenelected to the board ofThorn EMI Heating andhas been appointedGeneral Manager ofCurzon ComponentsLimited and Thorn EMIHeating Service Division,the spares and servicesubsidiaries of Thorn EMIHeating Limited.
Mr. Martin wasformerly Sales Manager ofThorn EMI HeatingLimited and joined thecompany in 1961. He isbased at Curzon
NEWS
Ed MartinJoins ThornBoard
• Wavin Pipes of Balbriggan hasannounced the appointment ofMr. David Reynolds as ProductManager, Gas. Mr. Reynolds is achartered engineer with extensiveexperience in modern gas distribution with British Gas and WavinPlastics (UK). He has been involved for over 12 years in the design,development and operation ofmany gas projects in the UK andoverseas. He is a member of theInstitute of Gas Engineers, theIrish Gas Association and theSociety of British Gas Industrieswhere he is currently Chairman ofthe Society's Committee on Pipelines.
Components Limited,Earlsway, Team ValleyTrading Estate, Gateshead.H&V News and Ed's manyfriends in Ireland wish himthe very best with his newappointment.
gas cookers and hobs;John Thurley: Direct-firedsystems for industrialovens and furnaces,environmental control andincineration, andindustrial/commercial airheating with energyconservation; T. C.Williams: Industrialblown-gas systems forsteam plant. •
Bord Gais Eireannsupport the developmentof the services offered byGas Applications &Systems and as part oftheir policy of maximisingIrish involvement in thegas industry, B.G.E. willwork with G.A.S. todevelop new products forthe domestic, commercialand industrial markets fornatural gas.
Further information onGas Applications &Systems can be obtainedfrom Tony Hoyne atThomastown, Co.Kilkenny, telephone 05624246 or telex 28797.
maintenance schemes andemergency serVice visits toclean air installationsthroughout the country.
Further details areavailable from FrankBranagan at P. J. Brennan& Co. Ltd., 61 StillorganIndustrial Park, Stillorgan,Co. Dublin, telephoneDublin (01) 952501, telex31817 BREN El.
The complete range ofEnvair microbiologicalsafety cabinets, laminarflow clean air equipmentand installations is nowavailable in the Republicof Ireland through P. J.Brennan & Co. Ltd., ofStillorgan, Co. Dublin.
Brennan's also haveEnvair-trained serviceengineers to carry outplanned preventive
CLEAN AIR SUPPLY ANDSERVICE IN IRELAND
Hardware Ltd.,distributors of gasappliances and fittings ona nationwide basis.
Gas Applications &Systems was established toprovide local expertise innatural gas changeovertechniques and proceduresbacked by internationalgas combustionengineering specialists andappliance manufacturersthat include:
Fer: Domestic andcommercial boilers forcentral heating; Fiamma:Infra-red radiant heatingsystems; Horizon: Radiantheating systems forindustry; JLS Engineering:Gas-fired recirculatingovens and furnaces;Nordsea Gas Technology:Systems and componentsfor precision combustionin gas-fired installations;Scholtes: Luxury built-indomestic cookingappliances; Stordy: Directand indirect gas-firedcombustion engineering;Tecnogas: Free-standing
A decision by Irish Biscuitsto change their Tallaghtfactory to natural gasusage has been hailed as asignificant 'first' in theDublin industrial sector byNew Dublin Gas and BordGais Eireann.
The company hasawarded a contract for thechangeover of processingequipment to Nordsea GasTechnology in associationwith Gas Applications andSystems of Kilkenny.
A spokesman for NewDublin Gas, who willsupply the natural gas toIrish Biscuits, said that hiscompany was extremelypleased with thisdevelopment, which wouldlead to substantial intereston the part of other majorindustri.al companies inchangeover to the use ofthis premium fuel.
In a statementwelcoming theannouncement, Bord GaisEireann say that theysupport the development
f specialised applicationsand services that expandthe market for natural gasin the domestic,commercial and industrialsectors.
'As part of our policy ofmaximising Irishinvolvement in the gasindustry, we will workwith Gas Applications andSystems to develop newproducts and services fornatural gas consumers inall of these marketsectors', the statementsays.
Gas Applications &Systems is an enterprise inthe Hoyne Group ofCompanies, withheadquarters inThomastown, Kilkenny.Associated companiesinclude Hoyne HeatingLtd., a leading firm ofbuilding servicescontractors, and Wholesale
NaturalGas forIrishBiscuits
IHVN. Augusl /983 79
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NEWS
HOT WATER FROMWIND POWER
• Wessel Industries Holdings, the cable company, has sold its Corkplastic pipe division to the Finnish 'company, Uponor. Pictured at thesigning of the contract were (from left): Niall Sparks Chief ExecutiveUponor (lrelan~); Vincent Daly, Chairman, Wessel' Industries; Niil~Pellonmaa, Chairman, Uponor and Terry Owens, Director of Finance,Uponor (Ireland).
.,
NewlDHECorporateGrade
The IDHE have launcheda new grade, CorporateMember. On acceptance asa Corporate Member, acompany or organisationwill automatically becomeeligible to send up to tworepresentatives and toreceive notices in advance,and for all eveninglectures, educationalfunctions, debates,biennial convention, andsocial functions, at thesame rate of charge (ifany), as ordinarymembers. They will alsoreceive copies of technicalliterature, as issued by theinstitute from time to time,and will be encouraged tosend members of theirstaff to evening coursesdesigned for membershipof the Institute. However,Corporate Members willnot be eligible to vote atAnnual General, orSpecial, or ExtraordinaryMeetings etc.
Details from IDHESecretary.
• Pictured in front of the windconversion unit which provideshot water for the model farm atthe Agricultural Institutes
ational Dairying ResearchCentre are (front row, left toright) Mr. Robert Cooney,Purchasing Manager, Befab;Mr. Martin Hanley, CustomerService Engineer, Befab; Mr.Michael O'Kane, Civil Engineer, AFT Morepark; and Mr.Brian Hurley, College ofTechnology, Bolton St.,Dublin. Standing in. the backrow are Mr. Tim CathalO'Brien, IDA; Mr. ChrisShouldice, Wind Power Programme Co-ordinator, AFT;Mr. Alec O'Sullivan, Managing Director, Befab; Mr.Marcellus Jacobs; Mr. JimHall, Dept. of Energy; Mr.Aonrai de Paor, Professor ofElectrical Engineering, University College, Dublin; and Dr.Tom O'Flaherty, AFTKinsealy.
performance will continueto be monitored by theCentre staff andDepartment of Energyover the next threer years.
By harnessing the energyin the wind and convertingit directly to heat in theform of hot water, theBefab unit bypasses theneed for electricalconversion alltogether ,says Managing Director,Alec O'Sullivan.Technically, what happensis this - the energy in thewind is used to turn awind turbine, which inturn powers a gear boxthrough a vertical driveshaft. The gear box drivesa hydraulic energyabsorber which producesheat. The heat is carriedby the energy absorberfluid to one side of theheat exchanger located atthe base of the tower.Cold water flows into theother side of the heatexchanger, is heated, andflows out to be used forspace or equipmentheating, domestic orindustrial hot water, orany other purpose. Thetemperatures and amountof hot water produceddepend directly on theprevailing wind velocitiesduring operation.
Marcellus Jacobs fromMontana, USA, "the manwho invented the modernwindplant" and the mostcelebrated - and longestlasting - of the earlyAmerican pioneers of windeneryg, flew into ShannonAirport recently on aspecial mission. Jacobswas in Ireland to see howa Shannon IndustrialEstate-based firm have, bycombining one of Jacob'swindmills with their ownequipment, become thefirst people in the worldusing commercialcomponents to successfullyoperate a new windsystems for heating watermechanically.
The new water heatingsystem which is ideallysuited for large farms,buildings or homes hasbeen developed by BefabSafeland Ltd. in theShannon Industrial Estate,who also happen to be,together with their sistercompany in the USA,world leaders in themanufacture of aircraftarrestor systems.
Befab's development ofthe first ever wind energysystem for heating watermechanically has a veryspecial interest for theintrepid 80 year oldMarcellus Jacobs, whofirst started makingwindmills over an amazing60 years ago. The successof the new water heatingsystems has been due tothe successful linkage ofthe Jacobs windmill withBefab equipment.
Befab, who receivedgrant aid for research anddevelopment of thebreak-through unit fromShannon Development
.Company, havemanufactured a prototypeof the new system whichhas been installed andoperating on test for thelast year and a half at theAgricultural InstitutesNational DairyingResearch Centre atMorepark, Fermoy. Its
8 IHVN, August /98310
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
after the 1973 energycrisis. For Harry thoseearly days of the EMAwere very memorable onesas "everyone in industrywanted to know moreabout energy conservationand how best to apply it totheir own particularindustry." Even todaythere exists a great needfor conservation but withthe passing of the oilshortages and thediscovery of a viablesource of natural gasindustry, and indeed theGovernment, reduced thestatus of energy,conservation from red alertto a "we are learning tolive with it" attitude. Itwas in this mood that theGovernment decided toreduce the previous£450,000 funding for energyconservation to £200,000.One of the casualities ofthe cut was as said earlierthe EMA. The need forcourses still exists for suchan association as energyremains one of thegreatest problems facingIrish industry today. Nofuels are cheap any moreand that includes our ownnatural gas and indeed ifas seems likely our ownoil.
So for the survival ofthe Irish economy a tighthold has to be kept oncosts especially energy andthe EMA has proven in thelast three years to be avital organisation inspreading the good wordon energy management.At a general meeting ofthe EMA in May of thisyear the problems offunding the Associationwere discussed and it wasdecided that theprogramme could continueon a reduced scale withfu nds from themembership totalling£20,000. As part of thisdrive for funds manyorganisations wereapproached and with theaid of the ESB, the Banks,
IHVN, August 1983 9
has been with the IIRSsince 1956 and has beeninvolved with variousprojects within theorganisation including theFuel Efficiency Servicewhich really came to life
While solid fuel, natural gas and evenoil in the short term will provide theenergy necessary to run the country,electricity has to be the fuel of thefuture and indeed links with Europe
for both electricity and gas are amust for the survival of the Irish
economy.
launched in early 1980.These regional
associations quicklymerged into the EnergyManagement Associationwith Harry Pattison asNational Organiser. Harry
The fate of the EnergyManagement Associationhung in the balance forsome time during thelast few months butfigures just released bythe Association meansthat there will be aprogramme of 14meetings in the 1983/84season. Ray Loughranspoke recently to HarryPattison, NationalOrganiser for the EMAabout the Associationand indeed for theenergy scene in general.The cost of the EMAwas about £48,000 perannum and theDepartment of Industryand Energy decidedearlier in the year to cutthis aspect of theirenergy programme. Infact the Association wasgiven financial aid onlyup to June 1983, so afterthat date it wasenvisaged that the EMAwould be self-sufficient.
The EnergyManagement Associationis now going into its fourthseason but owes its originsto the -1973 energy crisiswhen the Institute forIndustrial Research &Standards expanded itsfuel efficiency services bysetting up training coursesfor boilermen andupervisors and also byolding a series of
seminars on energyconservation and efficientenergy management.These courses andseminars were very wellattended and a nationalenergy conference washeld in March 1975 atwhich there were 300participants. It was also atthis time that the IIRSdecided to establish theIndustrial EnergyDepartment within theEngineering Division of theIIRS.
After the second oilcrisis the Minister forIndustry, Commerce andTourism decided to assignto the IIRS a NationalLeadership role in energyconservation and as partof that role regional energymanagers associationswere formed, the EasternREMA was the first to be 11
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UNFAIRDISMISSALS
AnCO, corporate membersand ordinary members thehoped for figure has beenalmost reached. Withthe aid of those who havenot yet responded the finalfigure should be passed.The Department ofIndustry & Energy whilethey have withdrawn fundsfrom the Association forthe moment, do still wishto keep close contact withthe EMA and in fact theMinister is soon to act asPatron of the Asssociation.50 it remains to be seen ifat a later stage some fundsmay become availablefrom the department.
Details of theprogramme for the comingseason of EMA meetingswill be distributed verysoon and while there areobvious cut-backs it wouldseem that a veryinteresting programme liesahead. Areas fordiscussion include solidfuel, gas, LPG, liquid natural gas, small hydro-electric schemes and many otherenergy related subjects.
Discussing the energyscene with Harry Pattisonyou find it difficult not tobe carried into the futureand to discuss energyoptions. Harry feels that,"while solid fuel, naturalgas and even oil in theshort-term will provide theenergy necessary to runthe country, electricity hasto be the fuel of the futureand indeed links withEurope for both electricityand gas are a must for thesurvival of the Irisheconomy."
Harry runs the EMAwith the help of GrainneRoche from an office inthe IIR5 in Dublin and canbe contacted there forfurther information on the1983/84 EMA programme.As a final word fromHarry he wants anyonewho still has the EMAletter on funding and hasnot replied to it yet toplease do so by return.
There now seems nodoubt that the EMA willcontinue whither by selffunding or with someassistance from theDepartment of Industryand Energy but, what everthe means of funding theEMA is the most importantassociation for energymanagement in Irelandtoday.10 IHVN, August 1983
• At a time when redundancies anddisputes over dismissals arebecoming quite commonplace, it isessential for both employers andemployees alike that theyunderstand the legislation governingthis sensitive area. The following isa brief article intended as a pointerto all concerned, illustrating thepitfalls and suggesting areas wherelegal advice should be sought beforetaking any action. The author isProfessor John Lynch, JeffersonSmurfitt Professor of Business Law.
In recent times, the topic ofredundancy and unfair dismissalshas been occurring with alarmingregularity rather than the exception.The recession and loss of businesshas forced companies to examinetheir costs and regrettably,redundancies follow in their wake.
Of course there is noencouragement given to employersby the Government to employadditional people. It has always
seemed to me the height of folly toincrease employers' PRSI on onehand, and then the WorkExperience Programme on theother. All we have is a circulartransfer of money with civil servantsbeing employed at a cost to thetaxpayer.
The problem of redundancydiffers substantially from that ofunfair dismissals, so I propose toexamine each separately. Thismonth, therefore, I will examineunfair dismissals.
STATUTORY REGULATIONS
The area of most concern toemployers is the statutoryregulations for unfair dismissals, iethe Unfair Dismissals Act of 1977.In general, the Act applies to allemployees who have one yearcontinuous service with the sameemployer. Continuous service isbroken only by dismissal,resignation or where redundancypayments have been paid.
Under the Act, every dismissal ofan employee is presumed to havebeen unfair unless the employer canshow substantial grounds to justifythe dismissal. Dismissals are deemedto be unfair where it is shown thatthey have been due wholly or mainlyfrom the activities of any of thefollowing:- Trade Union membership oractivities;- Legal proceedings against theemployer, where the employee is aparty or a witness;- Unfair selection for redundancy;- Pregnancy of an employer;- Race, colour, religious orpolitical opinions of the employee.
Given then that we know whatunfair dismissals are, do we knowwhat fair dismissals are? Well, it isdifficult. From an employer's pointof view, cases involving allegedinefficiency, or inefficiency at work,
12
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
are the most difficult under the Act.The line between dismissal forincompetence and for misconduct isvery difficult. Incapability may beaffected by ill health which is not,of course, an employee's fault.However, persistent short absencesover a long period, or substantialsingle periods of absence forsickness, disability or mental illness,where there are effects on the job,may be grounds for dismissal underSection 6 of the Act.
Even where it is declared that acontract of employment is frustratedby a long illness, the EmploymentAppeals Tribunal will consider thereasonableness of an employer'sdecision to dismiss, (Nolan v BrooksThomas).
The most difficult problem inrelation to competence andqualifications usually arise where anemployee's original qualificationsare no longer good or sufficientowing to new machines ortechniques, or a desire on theemployer's part to improve workstandards.
Problems may also arise whereemployees cannot acquire thetechnical expertise expected of themor a particular piece of paper toaccompany their practical ability, orwhere paper qualifications are notaccompanied by real and developingability or where someone with goodqualifications has outgrown his job.
EXCLUSIONS
There are also exclusions to theUnfair Dismissals Act of 1977.There is dismissal at the expiry offixed term contracts. Employersshould note that contracts must bein writing, signed by both partiesand contain a statement stating thatthe Act does not apply to theparticular contract.
Secondly, employees onprobationary training, provided thata written contract exists and theperiod for probationary trainingspecified in the contract is less thanone year.
Thirdly, AnCO designatedapprenticeships where the employeeis dismissed either in the first sixmonths of apprenticeship or in themonths following the completion ofthe apprenticeship.
And finally, dismissal of anemployee by way of a lock-out isnot regarded as unfair under theAct, if he is reinstated or re-engaged
on the resumption of work.Another problem faced by
employers is that of when does adismissal take effect. Under Section1 of the Act, a dismissal is definedas given by the employer's notice oftermination. Therefore, it isimportant to remember thefollowing:- A mere warning is not notice.Once an employer has given noticehe cannot revoke it without theemployee's consent, (Murphy vBinchy, Unfair Dismissals 1978).- Suspension without pay pendingdisciplinary procedures on foot ofappeal, and the appeal is rejected,therefore dismissal is when it tookeffect, not when appealed, (Savage vSainsbury).- Wages in lieu of notice paid aretreated as no notice. (O'Reilly vPullman Kellog).
Under the 1977 Act, there is aright of appeal for dismissal.
POINT OF LAW
Disputes can be referred to a RightsCommissioner, EmploymentAppeals Tribunal, and, ifdissatisfied, referred to the HighCourt, but only on a point of law.This brings us to the EmploymentAppeals Tribunal. The Tribunal,which was previously theRedundancy Appeals Tribunal, dealtwith cases under redundancy orminimum terms of notice. However,it was renamed the EmploymentAppeals Tribunal under Section 18of the Unfair Dismissals Act 1977.Much of the redundancy regulationsof 1969 are applicable to theEmployment Appeals Tribunal.
The Tribunal itself consists of aChairman who is a practicingbarrister or solicitor of not less thanseven years standing and five ViceChairmen and not less than twelveor more than thirty ordinarymembers who are representative inequal numbers of workers andemployers.
All member of the Tribunal areappointed by the Minister forLabour. At the present momentthere are three Vice Chairmen andfour ordinary members. Half of theordinary members being nominatedby the Irish Congress of TradeUnions, and the other half byemployer bodies.
It should be noted that the personcan represent himself before theEmployment Appeals Tribunal, or
be represented by a lawyer or atrade union official. In the first halfof its existence from 1977 to 1980,the total cases decided by theTribunal under the UnfairDismissals Act was 16, 151, 330, 754respectively. At the time there was adrop in the number of applicantswho choose to come before theRights Commissioner.
As to the method of appeal, well,appeals can be made by a dismissedemployee within six months to aRights Commissioner, or theAppeals Tribunal. A copy of thecliam must also be sent to theemployer within the same period.The Rights Commissioner (or theTribunal) will hear the claim and ifhe finds in favour of the employeemay recommend reinstatement,re-engagement or compensation.Either party can appeal within sixweeks against the decision of theRights Commissioner to theEmployment Appeals Tribunal. TheTribunal may confirm or reject theCommissioner's recommendation.
Under Section 8 of the Act thereare two instances where a RightsCommissioner may not hear aclaim. First, where the Tribunal hasmade a determination in relation toa claim and secondly, where anyparty notifies the Commissioner inwriting that he objects to the claimbeing heard by the RightsCommissioner. While there is a timelimit of six months, it should b<;:noted that failure to notify does notnecessarily negate one's rights(Higgins v Donnelly Mirrors). Thetime limit for bringing an appealfrom the recommendation of theRights Commissioner is six weeks(Byrne v Clayton Inns). However,an appeal to the High Court may beinitiated within six weeks from thedate on which the EmploymentAppeals Tribunal's determinationhas been communicated to theparties.
ALARMING REGULARITY
As I said in the beginning,redundancies and unfair dismissalsare occurring with alarmingregularity. As stated earlier, thenumbers of cases being heard by theTribunal has increased dramatically.Employers now are faced with anentire new body of law emanatingfrom the Unfair Dismissals Act byway of the Employment AppealsTribunal.
IHVN, August 1983 1113
et al.: H & V News
Published by ARROW@TU Dublin, 1983
As you are all aware, the Heat & Power Exhibition will take place at theKing's Hall, Belfast, from 26 to 29 September inclusive. Among thoseparticipating will be H& V News, so why not come and meet us. Ourstand will be fully manned throughout the entire duration of the showand our Northern Ireland Manager, Bob Armstrong, will be on hand toassist with all enquiries. Additionally, H& V News are sponsoring aunique competition, details of which can be obtained by visiting ourstand. You could be the lucky winner of a substantial prize.
-c---:::
that offers any real chance ofdevelopment is the StrangfordBarrage. The idea of using the racewhich takes place with the mixing ofthe ties at the mouth of theStrangford Lough to generateelectricity has been about for sometime. If the environmentaldifficulties and fuel prices continueto rise then this scheme becomes arunner.
The frankness of the statementclarifies the immense difficultieswhich face the service in trying tocome to a decision with their manyproblems, which will not only beeconomically and practically correctbut that they will be right for thenext decade.
Within the last year there hasbeen immense publicity relative tothe deposite of lignite at Crumlin.Co. Antrim. Estimates of thedeposits vary between 100,000,000to 500,000,000 tonnes, with thereport suggesting the former and apossible developer the latter.
It is however pointed out in thedocument that this possible fuel hasa high ash content and a watercontent in excess of 30010. It is alsoknown that the deposit lies in ageographically difficult area due tothe low lying nature of the groundon the edge of Lough Neagh.
There would appear to be a greatdeal of optimism about this depositparticularly as it presents the firstmajor source of indigenous fuel forthe Province. It is suggested that thefuel may be used for industry, ormore likely that a small powerstation be built at Crumlin to usethe fuel at source. It is throught thatthe making of briquettes for
graphically revealed as is the"subsidy" in the form of financialassistance to the gas producer whichin turn every consumer benefitsfrom. It is interesting to note thatsince 1965 there has been practicallyno development of the industry.Much has been written aboutsupplying to areas outside Belfastbut on the figures in the documentone would have great difficulty injustifying any development outsideBelfast, if even one could justifybringing (he gas north at all.
The report recently issued by theNorthern Ireland Electricity Serviceprovides the basis for the electricalsection.
A number of points, with therelative costs are discussed, theconversion of the new Kilroot tocoal or lignite burning, the buildingof a lignite burning station atCrumlin, the modernisation ofBallylumford or the immediatebuilding of a Phase 11 of Kilroot isa coal fired station, are some of thealternatives discussed. From thefacts as they are laid out the latterappears to be the most attractive.
A brief section of the documentpresents the case for alternativesources of electrical generation wave power, solar generation, deepwells - but of them all the only one
IMPORTANT DISCUSSIONDOCUMENT ON ENERGY
IS LAUNCHEDWe have taken the unusual step thismonth, of confining our UlsterReview to almost one subject,"Energy". The N.!. Governmenthas just issued an importantdiscussion document which detailsall the options available to theProvince.
This is a most importantdocument, the final outcome ofwhich could affect the well being ofus all in this island.
We have asked Mr. F. R.McBride, Chairman of the N.!.Energy Manager Group andSecretary of the Institute of Energyto review the publication and assessits contribution to the resolving ofthe economic problems whichpermeate the energy scene.
The Northern Ireland Departmentof Economic Development, which isresponsible for energy matters, hasrecently issued a discussiondocument - "The Energy Issues",a document of several hundredpages which turns out to be aconcientious attempt to set beforethe public the options which areavailable and even the optionswithin the options.
The document is split intosections, each of which details a fuelor alternative and what happened upto the time of publication. It is notunexpected that a major portion ofthe statement is given over to theproblems of both the gas andelectricity industry.
Regarding gas and the possibilityof a supply coming north fromKinsale, the Government make itclear that this will only be so if thegas can be purchased and sold at aprice which is reasonablycompetitive with other fuels andsustain the capital and conversioncosts of its installation,developement and conversion.
In a series of tables the sorry stateof the Northern Gas ndustry isL -:-__________________________________________-
/2 IHVN, August /98314
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
domestic use does not present acommercial application.
No reference is made in the Reportto the cost of getting the ligniteout, of processing it and ofmaintaining quality consistency.These are questions the answers towhich could materially affect thefinal cost and the viability of thisvaluable fuel source.
Little or no attention is given toeither the solid fuel or oil industryin the Province, which in itself is areflection on the stability of thesetwo distributive trades.
Traditionally the Province hasbought its coal supplies from theNational Coal Board and there is noreason advanced as to any need forchange.
Towards the end of the documentthe possibilities of Belfast beingused as a base for a C.H.P. schemeis discussed and appears to bereasonably attractive particularly ifit has a solid fuel base. However,attention is drawn to theunsatisfactory results so far in theProvince with district heating andpoints out that this could mitigateagainst C.H.P.
Mr. Butler, the Minister whopresents the Report, in anintroduction states categorically thatthe Document is not an EnergyPolicy Statement but instead it isintended to stimulate discussion.One must ask does it succeed in itstask.
The trouble with trying to haveproper discussion, is that to discussanything in an informed manner onemust have all the facts or if not howcan one draw a conclusion? Forexample in the document, variousfigures on estimates are given forthe brining of Kinsale Gas north,suggested number of consumers nowand in the future are given, but howcan one discuss the true economies ofthe case if one does not know thecost of the fuel prior or afterdistribution? What estimated costhas been arrived at as regards thelignite.
It is a pity that the Report doesnot go a bit further and lift the veila bit higher on what has been goingon and what final costings are likelyto be of the various optionspresented.
On the other hand we must paytribute to the Department forpresenting so many of the facts in amost interesting form ofpresentation and for inviting
submissions. For anyone interestedor involved in the Northern Irelandenergy scene, the document is amust. If such a statement could becalled compulsive reading this is it.It is available from the EnergyDivision, Dept. of EconomicDevelopment, Netherleigh, MasseyAvenue, Belfast, price £2 per copysterling.
New ElectricEconomy 7BoilerNow being launched by NIES on thedomestic central heating market istheir Economy 7 electric boiler,designed to suit radiator systems, incontrast to existing electrical heatingmethods which warm the airdirectly.
The electric boiler suits eitherinstallation in a new house alongwith the heating system, substitutionfor an oil-fired or solid fuel boilerdue for replacement, or as anaddition to a heating system to runin tandem with a flame fuel boiler.And it is manufactured locally, bySmith Tank and EngineeringCompany of Helens Bay, CountyDown.
The Economy 7 boiler consists ofa well-insulated hot water cyli derwith heating elements built in at thebase. Water is heated overnight atthe low cost of 1.9 pence a unit onEconomy 7 tariff, about onlyone-third the cost of day rate. Athermostat ensures watertemperature of 92°C in a bungalow(97°C in a two-storey house). Thishigh-temperature water is mixedwith the water returning fromradiators to maintain correctradiator temperatures.
An air thermostat ensuresconstant comfort in the homethroughout the seasons.
Catering for houses from theaverage semi-detached to thewell-insulated 3/4 bedroom detachedhome, the Economy 7 boiler is madein three sizes from 150 gallon to 300gallon capacity. There are additionalelectrical elements at the top for useduring evenings in extremely coldweather to ensure constant heatsupply.
In a new house, the boiler can fit
into a central cupboard because noclimney or fuel supply is needed,and, in a conversion, the boiler willusually replace the fuel-fired boilerin a garage or outhouse.
There are many advantages withthis Economy 7 boiler - no regularmaintenance needed, no flue,quietness in operation, no dust, ashor fumes. Above all, it is cheaper torun than other automatic systems.
ON THE MOVEThe new address of BrianThompson Ltd. is Brian ThompsonLtd., 72 Central Avenue, Bangor,Co. Down BT20 3AU (Tel: Bangor0247-65486).
G. W. MonsonAppointed N .1.Agents forZwickeyG. w. Monson & Sons Ltd. havebeen appointed Northern Irelandagents for Zwicky Engineering ofWokingham, Berkshire.
Zwicky products, which have beenwell established over many years inthe heating industry, include thewidely used pressure regulating andpressure reducing valves for oilsupply to boilers, the well knownrange of Uniplex and Biplex filters,and the extensive range of Vikingpumps.
For further information andliterature contact G. W. Monson &Sons Ltd., 18 Ballyblack Road,Newtownards, Tel. (0247) 812350.
Stelrad's most up-to-dateboiler is the natural gasfired Concord Super. Thisenergy saving boiler has anefficiency of 85 per centon gross calorific value;even at part load.
The Concord Super ismade up of a number ofidentical heat exchangermodules. Each has anoutput of 50 kW (171,000Btu/h), and together theyform a highly effectiveboiler for commercial andindustrial use.
The flexibility of theunit allows you to selectthe number of modules toexactly suit the outputsyou require.
Each circular module ismounted in an insulatedcasing, which can take upto 12 modules. The boileris controlled so that as therequired temperature isreached the upper modulesswitch off first, then themiddle modules and lastlythe lower ones. Water inthe upper modules is keptwarm by exhaust gas fromthe lower modules whichare still firing.
The boiler is lightweight,can easily be assembled bytwo men without the useof any mechanicalhandling equipment andonly takes up a third ofthe floorspace required for
fired operation and may befired via: drop feedstokers; mini-cokingstokers; chain gratestokers; low ram stokers orpneumatically fed fixedgrate burners. The boilersmay also be fired by gas oroil forced draught burnersand can be quicklyconverted from coal tothese alternative fuels.High combustionefficiency, ease 0 foperation and completedependability with full fueland stoking flexibility isensured.
Fully or semi-automaticoperation is available andseveral installations aresuccessfully operating withcomputerised controls andself de-ashing facilities.
Details from McCaigCollim Ltd., (Tel: Belfast65621213/4).
some of the elements off,wasting energy when thedesired temperature isreached.
Details of the full rangeof Hanovia electronicheaters for industrial,commercial and retailheating, together with thewell known and provenFBM water and steam fedfan/coil convectors andCirrus industrial unitheaters manufactured by S& P Coil Products areavailable from FinheatLimited, 17 Ushers Island,Dublin 8, Eire. Tel;778109. Telex El 2075.
Latest Coal FiredBoiler from Hartley &
Sugden
The 'Black Diamond'range of coal fired steamand hot water boilers arethe latest productdevelopment from Halifaxbased Hartley & Sugden.
Based on experiencegained over many years ofcoal fired boiler design andmanufacture, these boilersrepresent the latestthinking for high efficiencyautomatic coal firedoperation. Black Diamondboilers are available in fivedifferent outputs for bothsteam and hot wateroperation and may besupplied with outputs from650 kW (2,250 Ib/h) to2,930 kW (10,250 Ib/h)and working pressures upto 10.34 bar (150 lb. sq.in.).
These boilers aredesigned primarily for coal
• The Hanovia Turboflo Electronic fan heater from S. & P. Coil Products.
in rapid response to verysmall variations from thepre-selected roomtemperature.
The automatic electronictemperature adjustmentsystem has two significantbenefits over conventionalmechanical thermostats.Firstly, it provides muchmore accurate temperaturecontrol within a room,eliminating large variationsand providing a morecomfortable atmosphere.Secondly, the 803SEheater's quiet running fancontinues to circulate aireven though all heatingelements are off forinstant detection of anambient air temperaturedrop. Many conventionalheaters with mechanicalthermostats will only turn
Finheat's New Heater
A remarkable new heaterwhich is claimed toconsume up to 30070 lesselectricity than existingequipment was launched inIreland recently.
Developed in the UK byS & P Coil Products, theenergy saving 803SE fanconvector is distributedthroughout Ireland byFinheat under the Hanoviabrand name.
On the surface, the803SE looks like manyother wall mounted fanconvectors used in homesand offices. It is basically,a conventional heaterconsisting of a tangentialfan blowing air overelectric heating elements.The secret of its ability tomaintain chosen roomtemperatures while usingcomparatively lesselectricity, lies in its uniqueelectronic control system.
Instead of a slow actingand relatively inaccuratemechanical thermostat, theTurboflo Electronic 803SE(max 3kW) is fitted with asolid state temperaturesensing module and heatoutput controller. Thetemperature of air drawninto the heater ismonitored constantly andthe heating elements areturned on or off,individually or in groups,-------.
• The Hartley and Sugden Black Diamond boiler.
14 IHVN. August 198316
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
Kent IndustrialMeasurements, atCambridge, the gasanalysis and monitoringspecialists of Brown BoveriKent, have introduced twonew and improved zirconiaoxygen probes as anaddition to their latestrange of Z-FG oxygennalysers. The fully site
serviceable probes, whencombined with thecompany's existing Z-FGelectronics unit, form asimple, compact and lowcost system for themeasurement of net excess
IHVN, August 1983 15
Starting Regulator forRe-frigeration PlantsDanfoss introduces a newstarting regulator typeKVL in replacement of thedesign hitherto marketedby the firm.
Mounted in the suctionline before the plantcompressor, the regulatorprotects the compressormotor against overloadespecially owing to toohigh a suction pressureduring start-up afterlengthy standstill as well asafter defrosting.
KVL makes it possibleto use a smaller motor forlow-temperature plants,with a resultant improvedefficiency.
The starting regulator isused for fluorinatedrefrigerants.
Regulating range: 0.5-6bar. Max. media temp. =+ 60°C. Max. operatingpressure: 14 bar. Capacity:Up to 10.9 kW (RI2).
For further details,please contact: IrishAgents and Distributors J.J. Sampson & Son Ltd.,Unit 71, Cherry OrchardIndustrial Estate,Ballyfermot Road, Dublin10 (Tel: 268111) Telex92219.
pressure since the regulatorcloses when the pressurefalls below the setpoint.
Type KVP is used forfluorinated re-frigerants.Regulating range: 0-5.5bar. Max. media temp:+ 60°C. Max. operatingpressure: 14 bar. Capacity:Up to 5.6 kW (RI2).
Evaporating PtessureRegulator for
Refrigeration Plants
5,050,000 Btu/h).The Viceroy was
introduced in 1970 andsince that time hasachieved a significant partof the market. Its outputranges from 117 kW to477 kW (400,000 to1,630,000 Btu/h).
It has a hingedmounting to the burner,giving easy access to thecombustion chamber andburner head.
Details from P. J.Matthews.
Danfoss introduces a newevaporating pressureregulator type KVP. It is afurther development of thedesign marketed atpresent.
Mounted in the plantsuction line after theevaporator, type KVP isused for two purposes:
Maintenance of aconstant evaporatingpressure on the evaporatorsurface. Regulation with amodulating effect.Throttling in the suctionline adapts the sucked-offvolume of refrigerant gasto the evaporator load.
Protection against twolow an evaporating
• The latest Danfoss evaporating pressure regulator type KVP.
combination units with topmounted domestic hotwater storage tanks.
The Ideal Viscount ismanufactured in ductileiron, combining theadvantages of steel andcast iron. It has an outputrange from 528 kW to1480 kW (l ,800,000 to
• The Ideal Concord Super by Stelrad from P. J. Matthews.
traditional boilers.Atmospheric natural gas
boiler needs are met by theIdeal Concord C range andthe Ideal Concord400/1450 with outputranges of 41.0 to 96.7 kW(140,000 to 330,000 Btu/h)and 111.4 to 422.1 kW(380,000 to 1,440,000
u/h).The Ideal Falcon, and
Ideal Viceroy and Viscountranges of boilers can bothbe supplied either for oilOr gas firing.
It is relatively easy tochange over theforced-draught burners, soanyone buying an oil firedboiler, for example, couldlater change to gas.
The Viceroy andViscount are also availablewith dual fuel burners; soin those cases no change ofburner is required if theuser decides to switchfuels.
The Falcon boiler has arating range of 25.4 kW to115 kW (87,000 to 394,000Btu/h). It comes in 12sizes - from six to sixteensections - and is designedto heat smaller commercialpremises. Further modelswithin the Ideal Falconrange are available as
17
et al.: H & V News
Published by ARROW@TU Dublin, 1983
• Thorm EM) Heating's wall hung Olympic F wall hung gas boiler,installed for left hand f1ueing.
distributors for Carlyleheating, air conditioningand refrigerationequipment, haveintroduced two compactand rugged rooftopcooling units suitable forshopping centres, offices,fast food stores or othercommercial applications.These new 7 Y2 ton unitsare available incustom-designedconfigurations to suit mostinstallation requirementsand they have a totalcooling capacity of 87,000Btu/h.
The 50CD is a downflowunit which dischargessupply air directly into theconditioned space.Downflow design andaccessory roof curb allowbetter air flow, compactconstruction and simpleinstallation.
The 50CH is ahorizontal unit ideal forslab mounting, through thewall installation or otherapplications where sideconnections are required.
Each unit is factorywired and fully chargedfor quick, easy on-siteinstallation. Major featursinclude Cycle-LOCcompressor protection,refrigeration circuitprotection, a crankcaseheater and a belt drive fanwhich provides high staticcapability at nominal airflow.
A wide selection of fieldinstalled accessories help toincrease still further theapplicability of thesemachines and keepinstallation and operatingcosts low. Theseaccessories include slide-in
VersatileSingle-Package
Cooling Units fromWalker
Walker Air ConditioningLimited, authorised
A high rise fixing kit isavailable, allowing ease ofinstallation from inside thebuilding.
The Olympic F boilersare specially designed forcombined gravity hotwater and fully pumpedcentral heating, or fullypumped systems, and havethe tried and trustedmini-pilot, givingmaximum economy of use,without the worry ofcomplicated electronics.
New 'F' Version ofthe Thorn Olympic
Launched at the LondonHEYAC exhibition earlierthis year, the new fanassisted version of thepopular wall hung Olympicboiler from Thorn EMIHeating Ltd. is available intwo models - the Olympic20/35F with a range ratedoutput of 20/35,000 Btu/h(5.86-1O.26kW), and theOlympic 38/50F,(l1.l4-14.5kW).
Apart from the f1ueingarrangement, the boilersare identical to the existingstandard Olympic's, inoutput and specification.
The fan is situated in theair inlet which ensures thatthe fan runs cool, and alsopressurises the case,meaning there can be nospillage of products ofcombustion.
There are three flueapplications with theOlympic F, rear, right andleft, and for extended runsof flue in excess of 24"right or left handedextended flues areavailable up to 59", fromthe boiler to the outsidewall.
The new fan assistedOlympic will give greaterversatility of siting tospecifiers and installers.
oxygen in combustion fluegases, and are suitable foruse with the largerindustrial boilers includinggas fired boilers. Themonitoring of oxygen is amost important evaluationfor fuel saving andtherefore economic boileroperation.
Based on experiencegained from previous Kentzirconia oxygen analysers,the new probes incorporatemany improvements and alower purchase price hasbeen achieved withoutcompromise to the highstandard of specificationand performance. Incommon with the earliermodels the two newZ-FG's are of the in-situtype and insert directlyinto the boiler smoke boxor flue duct. ConstI'\Jctedmainly of stainless steel,the probes house a ceramicdust filter, the detectorcell, a cell heater, athermocouple and a flametrap which is fitted asstandard. The flame trapenables the system to beused on gas fired boilers.The two new probles haveinsertion lengths of oneand two metresrespectively.
The established,compact electronics unitwhich completes the Z-FGsystem, houses a versatile,signal conditioning systemtogether with cell heatercontrol circuits andreference air pump. Alocal indicator, if required,is mounted in the hingeddoor and connections areprovided for a remotesignal output to anoptional indicator orrecorder.
The range of probes andthe electronics units arecompatible and thereforeinterchangeable. As asystem, the Z-FG is simpleto install, requires littlemaintenance and is fullysite serviceable. All probecomponets are easilyremoved and can bereplaced on site withoutthe use of special tools orbonding agents.
The Liquid and GasAnalysis Companies ofBrown Boveri Kent arerepresented in Ireland byIndustrial Instruments Ltd.in Dublin and Cork.16 IHVN, August 1983
18
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
This new range ofStarlite lever action fittingscomprises Yiin basin, Y2inhigh necked and V4 in bathtaps. Their ease ofoperation and practicalgood looks make them thenatural choice for the busyhousehold as well as formany handicapped peoplewho have differentlyoperating conventionaltaps.
An exciting developmentto complement the alreadysuccessful Starlite range.
• New Starlite taps from Armitage Shanks.
Agents with experience in the heating, ventilating and electrical...... reqa*ed on • nationwide county basis.
Apply:
• Joule Saver - up to 30% saving with oil or gas fired boilers.• Joule 2000 - commercial and industrial equivalent to Joule
Saver.• The Clockwatcher - a switching device that saves fuel and
keeps you warm.• Joule Zone Control Units - from 2-50 zones design service.• Warm Air Heat Controls - domestic. commercial. industrial.• Economiser - for night storage radiators.• Joule Seeker - Boiler waste heat recovery.• Heat Pump - Warm air for cold.• Joule 10.000 - micro-electronics for total energy control.• Catalytic Combustion Improver - commercial and industrial.• Solar Panels and Controls.
eSlEnergy Savers International,
St. Gatien House, Whitechurch Rd.,Rathfarnham, Dublin 16
Tel:(Ol ) 905119 Telex 24807jeTl SEI
eSl
Armitage Shanks havelaunched a pr~ctical rangeof quarter turn taps. Theycombine smooth effortlessoperation with the modernStarlite look. Thesmoothness of operation isprovided by ceramic discsbeing incorporated in theheadwork of the taps.
New Taps fromArmitage Shanks
Energy Savers International are agents for Alfa Joule and canprovide energy saving systems for domestic. commercial andindustrial applications.
more efficient, moreprofitable installations. Itprovides a continuous flowof hot waterinstantaneously. It costsless to run. It is fromVaillant the people whopioneered gas waterheating and it is analtogether better, moreefficient boiler.
Gastech are located at- Irish Gas House,Newtown Industrial Estate,Coolock, Dublin 5. (Tel:476333) Telex 31716 Eland they welcomeenquiries on any of theGastech "Heat Paks".
Heat Pak No. 5The Vaillant Combi VCWis revoltionising gas centralheating in Ireland.
The Vaillant combi is acomplete single unit systemcovering all domesticcentral heatingrequirements from 33,000Btus to 93,900 Btus,available in balanced andconventional flue models.
In fact all the equipmentnecessary for a gas firedcentral heating system andinstantaneous hot watersupply have beenincorporated into a singlecompact wall mountedunit. It eliminates all thefollowing costlycomponents for faster,more cost-effectiveinstallations:- Hot watercylinders, water tanks,insulation, expansionvessels, by-pass valves andrecirculating pumps.
Since the Combi comescompletely pre-assembled,preplumbed and pre-wired,installation i's simple amatter of mounting theVaillant Combi on thewall, connecting upradiators and pipedsupplies, fitting the flueand running the electricalsupply. The VaillantCombi includes asstandard the (Return)following additionalaccessories:I. Pressure Relief Valve2. Isolating Valve3. Isolating Valve (flow)4. Connection Set
The Vaillant Combi'sbig saving in time andeffort obviously makes for
re-circulating pump,expansion tank, guagesand by-pass valve, soinstallation is quicker andeasier.
All models are availablefor natural, towns andL.P.G. operation.
Being wall hung, andrequiring only about0.5m2, Vaillant VC Boilerscan be installed in anyconvenient location andare ideal for flats,apartments and houses.
Four conventionallyflued models cover outputsfrom 32,000 to 93,900Btu/hr (9.3kw to 27.5kw).The output of all models- except for LPG - isrange rated to about 50%of their nominal rating.
Gastech Heat Paks
elements in various heat tocool ratios to provideelectric heating if required.An economiser whichallows some "freeCooling", a remote controlcentre, time guard andmotormaster are alsoavailable.
Heat Pak No. 3Vaillant Multipointinstantaneous waterheaters. Comfort and
nvenience in the home. ust include a reliable andcomprehensive supply ofrunning water in thekitchen, bathroom andshower.
The Vaillant Mag 250Multipoint features thefollowing: Temperatureselector, central switch,piezo-electric igniter,stainless steel burner, highquality copper-finned heatexchanger, pilot burnerwith thermo-electricignition safeguard.
Heat Pak No. 4Vaillant VC Gas CentralHeating Boiler with extrasbUilt-in as standard.
Whenever you'reconsidering a newinstallation or thereplacement of an existingboiler, Vaillant VC wallmounted boilers have moreto offer. For a start, theyincorporate their own
Heat Pak No. 1The Drugasar G2 and G2Tare the smallest membersof the Drugasar moneysaving, wall mounted, gasheaters. They are"balanced flue", thereforeo chimney is required andey can be fitted on any
external wall. The G2range is ideal for kitchen,hall, study, bedroom,small dining room, officeor workshop installation.
Heat Pak No. 2Vaillant instantaneous wallmounted water heater hot water, anywhere,anytime with the Vaillantinstantaneous water heater,~conomical, simpleInstallation, heating onlyas much water as youactually need.
19
et al.: H & V News
Published by ARROW@TU Dublin, 1983
Safety in Gas Distributionby J. Bowers, B.Se., C.Eng., M.l. GasE. Distribution Engineer, Bord Gais Eireann
The following paper was presented at the recent GasIreland Seminar held in the Burlington Hotel, Dublin.
Gas, whethermanufactured or natural,is a potential1y dangerousfuel. This potential is onlyrealised however, if it isnot treated as such by thepersonnel working in orassociated with the gasindustry, and I include inthis category all personsinvolved in themanufacturing, marketingand servicing ofengineering materials,appliances etc., as well asthe more obvious i.e.employees of the gascompanies. It is vital forall such personnel torealise that no responsibleperson can expect "JoePublic" to treat gas withthe same amount ofrespect and, therefore, hemust be protected from hisown complacency which isbased on his expectationsof our performance.
This responsibility alsospreads to third partiessuch as electrical, local andtelephone authorities,architects, builders, andindeed anyone else whoexcavates trenches in apublic thoroughfare forwhatever reason. They toohave a responsibility to thepublic for gas safety.
BackgroundGas has been knownhistorically as the 3-D fuel.Not three dimensionalunfortunately, but Dear,Dirty, and Dangerous.There was, in the coal gasera, some considerablejustification for this image.Gas works were
.unavoidably filthy places,both for the peopleworking in them andenvironmentally. The gasproduced and distributedwas highly toxic, and thepipes which distributed thegas were mostlyconstructed of brittle,unprotected, corrosionprone materials. The18 IHVN, August 1983
process of manufacturinggas in report houses wasinefficient, and so gasbecame uncompetitive inthe energy market, andwas used principally onlyfor cooking. Times havechanged now and Ireland,like many other parts of theworld is in the natural gasera. Fol1owing thesuccessful completion byBord Gais Eireann of themajor transmissionprojects of the last fewyears, Kinsale Head gas isnow in use in Cork andDublin, and its use willspread hopefully, to othermajor centres ofpopulation in the nearfuture. Cork GasCompany are currentlyhalfway through theirconversion project. DublinGas are also planning asimilar project, and thispresents a new challenge tothe Irish gas distributionengineers, and othersassociated with theindustry.
Distribution TechnologyTraditionally, gasindustries worldwide usedcast iron pipe for gasmains in the coal gas era.For many decades, the'caulked', socket andspigot joint (also known asrun lead or lead yarn) wasused with this material,and produced a relativelysound distribution mainssystem. There were threegood reasons why thedistribution engineer couldhave confidence in thesystem.
(i) Distribution pressureswere very low - typical1yof the order of an average4-5" w.g. (10-12 mbar).
(ii) The distributed gaswas saturated with watervapour and many tarryhydrocarbons, both ofwhich condensed out in thepipes, keeping the juteyarn swollen and sealed in
the joint.(iii) Heavy and
continuous traffic over themains did not significantlyexist.
Pressure testing of newlylaid mains was rarely ifever, carried out becauseof the above factors, andjoint leakage and mainsfractures were almostunheard of problems.
Mains jointingtechniques developed fromthis position to the "boltedgland" joint which wascheaper and more labourefficient and utilised arubber gland bolted intothe socket and spigot joint.There were many of thesesystems developed, but al1worked on the samepriciple. These joints werealso kept sound by thepresence of aromalichydrocarbons in the gaswhich swelled the rubberin the joints. The pipe andfittings were still producedin grey cast or spun ironmaterial which possessedsufficient strength for thetimes. The distributionengineer still did not haveany need for the additionalsafeguard of a pressuretest and joint leakageproblems were still rare.
Because of theuncompetitiveness of coalgas, a more efficient andcost effective method ofgas manufacture wasrequired if gas was tosurvive as an energysource. Reforming of oil inlarge, centralised plants toproduce a towns gas ofsimilar composition to coalgas provided the answerand gas demand increased.
Local distributionpressures increased also toan average of 7"-8" w.g.(17-20 mbar).Environmental changesbegan to impact on thedistribution system in theform of heavier trafficloading and the cast iron
pipe was found to besusceptible to fracture.Ductile iron pipe whichwas claimed to have thestrength of steel wasintroduced, utilising thethen traditional boltedgland joint. Distributedgas still had a proportionof aromatic hydrocarbonsand since it was mostlystored in gas holders overwater prior to distribution,it still contained aproportion of watervapour and so jointsremained reasonably sound.
Gas services had alsobeen through similar stagesof development. Initially,the material most popularwas lead, the traditionalplumber's material. Mainswere laid in footpaths veryclose to property,particularly terraced typeand in city centres, sodespite the cost of thematerial, service runs werekept short and thereforeeconomical. As costsincreased, unprotected ironand then steel pipereplaced the lead andscrewed joints wereutilised. The susceptibilityof steel to corrosionproblems was realised andbitumen or plastic coatingswere applied to counteractthe problem.
Safety problems for thedistribution engineer arecreated when natural gas isintroduced into the oldmains systems. Joint yarnis dried out, and theswollen rubber inmechanical joints begins toshrink because of theabsence of both moistureand aromatics in naturalgas, so the joints begin toleak. Heavy traffic loadingin our cities causesfractures of the old castiron mains, and corrosionof unprotected pipes,particularly service pipes,is a further significantpotential hazard. 20
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
Safety in the Natural GasEraExisting DistributionSystemsFOllowing completion of~onversion to natural gasm, for example, the U.K.,there were a number of"incidents" which led to aGo.vernment enquiry intosenous gas explosions. Inthe enquiry report (knownas the King Report andpublished in 1977) it wasconcluded that a mainsreplacement policy wasnecessary to reduce thepossibility of furthermcreases in the numbers ofserious gas explosions. Thereport identified small~iameter (up to 4") castIron mains and anyunprotected (from
rosion) steel mains inticular locations as
being "high risk" andrecommended that BritishGas step up its rate ofreplacement of these mainsin order that they wereeliminated by 1984, andthat this rate of renewal bemaintained after 1984,unt.il all secondary riskmams had also beeneliminated. This wasobviously a very expensivepolicy recommendation,and was made despite thebest efforts of the U.K.gas industry to applypreventative techniques tothe old mains system.. Since the Irish gasI~dustry has very similar
tribution systems in1S of materials, joints,
I e diameters, and,hopefully, growth ofdemand in thepost-conversion era, it isessential that we do notlose sight of these lessons,which were so bitterlylearned, amidst theexcitement of thedevelopment andexpansion of the old~ystems. Techniques haveImproved in the areas ofpreventative work such asthe glycol conditioningsystems (used to keep theyarn in caulked jointsswollen), jointencapsulation or repairclamp systems used inconjunction with methodsfor minimising excavationsizes, internal mainstreatment systems etc.
Equally, new techniquesto minimise the cost to theutility and inconvenienceto its customers of mains
replacements have, andare, being developedprincipally around thetechnique of insertingPolyethylene (PE) Pipeinto the old main which isto be replaced. The majordevelopments include"Live Insertion" (the newpipe is inserted into the oldpipe while the gas is stillflowing) and "Size forSize" insertion (the oldpipe being replaced by anew PE pipe of similardiameter). Thesetechniques have beendeveloped for costeffectiveness, principalsavings being achieved inthe areas of productivity(it is possible to renew 50to 100 metres of main andassociated services in oneday with a six man gang)and reinstatement(excavation is minimisedby utilising the old pipe asa sleeve).
Similar techniques forservice renewals are alsoavailable, serviceextraction machines havebeen widely used for sometime and can be extremelycost effective especially in"block" renewal schemes.
Leakage surveys form anessential part of anypreventative maintenancesystem since, without aknowledge of the leakagehistory of the distributionsystem, the gas engineercannot ensure that hisexpenditure in this criticalarea is effective inreducing the hazard.While it is known thatcertain sizes of particularmaterials in particularlocations represent thehighest risk, a proportionof these mains will be inperfect condition and neednot be renewed. Leakagerecords, therefore, are ofprime importance todistribution safety.
A vital distributionsafety factor is publicawareness of the potentialhazard. How many timeshave we read in thenewspapers after anincident involving gasleakage that "one localresident said he had beenable to smell gas at thatlocation for years". Thesad fact is that the publicmay well smell it but theyrarely report it. Acampaign to educate thepublic in gas safety and toencourage a responsible
attitude is as important asany other public educationprogramme. It is equallyimportant that gascompanies are seen toexpedite all PublicReported Escapes, despitethe fact that a proportionof them will be spurious.
New Distribution SystemsModern natural gasdistribution systems areconstructed from modernmaterials, which aredesigned to avoid thecreation of any furthersafety hazard. Probably,the most importantmaterial in this respect isthe polyethylene pipingsystem. The material itselfis inherently corrosionresistant; it is jointed by afashion welding technique,which creates ahomogenous system freefrom possible joint leakageproblems in the future,and the material hassufficient strength to allowthe utilisation of the highernatural gas pressures whichare available, thus enablingthe pipes sizes required tobe minimised. Thismaterial is also, generally,cheaper to purchase andinstall than the traditionalpipe materials which havebeen used in the past. Onedrawback of polyethylenepipe is its susceptibility tointerference damage, butinternational experiencehas shown that thedevelopment of formal andinformal utilityco-ordination systems and"excavator education" canreduce this risk to anacceptably low level.
A second material fornew systems is welded steelpipe, cathodicallyprotected againstcorrosion. This highstrength material allowsthe development ofdistribution systems foroperating pressures as highas 19 bar and is, of course,used for the nationaltransmission systems atvery much higherpressures.
However, equallyimportant safety factorsrequired for the future, tocomplement thetechnological advances, aregas distribution standardsand associated trainingprogrammes.
The Irish gas industry isrelatively small by
international comparisonand until recently, has hadno national gas standardsfor guidance. Formaltraining, particularly indistribution, has beennegligible except byexperience of working inthe industry. The modernmaterials demand the useof modern technology bydistribution personnel iftheir effectiveness is to berealised, and if their use isto enhance the safety ofthe industry. Nationalminimum standards andassociated trainingprogrammes are, therefore,of paramount importanceto the industry.
Gas Technical StandardsCommittee (GTSC)This committee wasformed in 1982 under theauspices of the Institutefor Industrial Researchand Standards (IIRS). Themain committee formed anumber of sub-committeesto consider theformulation of nationalstandards in specific areasof the gas industry. Forthe purposes of thispresentation, I will confinemy comments to the workof Technical CommitteeNo. 1 (TC1) - GasDistribution. TheCommittee is chaired byMr. John Sweeting, CorkGas Company and BGE,New Dublin Gas, C.LL,LL.P.G.A. and LLR.S.are represented on it. Thecommittee's immediatepriorities were determinedas:
(i) A standard for gasservices.
(ii) A standard for gasmains.
It was decided initially,that safety regulations foreach of the above subjectsshould be produced inadvance of the standards.
In the course of thecommittee's work,however, it was clear thatthe production of detailedstandards would takelonger than anticipatedand so it was decided thatthe safety aspects shouldbe incorporated into aprovisional standard foreach subject to providenational minimumrequirements forfundamental aspects,which could be used byundertakings to produceindividual Codes of
IHVN, August 1983 19 21
et al.: H & V News
Published by ARROW@TU Dublin, 1983
,Times have changed. now and Ireland, likemany other parts of the world, is in thenatural gas era. Following the successfulcompletion by Bord Gais Eireann of themajor transmission projects of the lastfew years, Kinsale Head gas is now in
use in Cork and Dublin, and its use willspread hopefully, to other major centres
ofpopulation in the near future. ,As part of his studies lan Sweeney recently completed aproject on the ducting and ventilation industry anddeveloped a business idea from the project. Thefollowing is part of the project and it will be publishedin three parts over the next few issues. This first partlooks at the Economic Importance of the sector.
Analysis of theDucting and
Ventilation Industry
..
Growth Trends in theSectorThe trends for growth anddecline in this sector aretotally dependent on theconstruction industry (see
EmploymentEmployment in this sectoris approximately 500people. The breakdown forthis figure is discussed inSection 6 of the project.Again, as the sector isfairly small, no figureswere available so I had todo my own research. It isfair to say that this sectorhas a fairly small economicimportance with regard toemployment, despite thefact that it is labourintensive. This subject isdiscussed more fully at alater date.
consisting of some generalsheet metal shops who dosome ductwork and alsosome large companies whohave small sections to doductwork. These firmswould produce no morethan £75,000 of duct perannum on average. Thissection's total would beapproximately £1,312,500.
This would give a totalfor the sector of£4,462,500.
I have suggested thisfigure to many of thebusiness men in the sectorand consulting engineersand, although some believeit's lower, many agree withthe approximation. Thisfigure is only .243% of theoutput of the buildingindustry and as apercentage of GNP it isnegligible.
Gross Output andContribution to GNPThe sector I have chosen(namely ducting andventilation) is very small interms of contribution toGNP. Figures for outputare not available,therefore, I have had tomake a survey and usethese estimations tocalculate the output +percentage of GNP. Thesefigures refer to 1982.
Large firms in the sectorThere are approximatelysix fairly large firms in thesector, one of which I haveworked for, for the pastfive years. I have seen theaccounts of two of thesefirms and it is fairly safeto assume that the averageoutput is between £250,000and £300,000 per annum.One or two of these firmsmay be larger or smaller asthe case may be, butoverall output of£1,650,000 is not far offthe mark.
Medium sized firmsThere are approxjmately10 of these firms but I haveonly been given estimatesof output for one of thesefirms. However, judgingby the number ofemployees they have andthe approximate amountof jobs they do, anaverage output of between£130,000 and £170,000 isnot too far off the mark.So their overall output isapproximately £1,500,00.
Small firmsThis section accounts forabout 15-20 firms
thoroughfares.- Standards for thedesign of pressureregulating installations.- Training, which is beingconsidered by anothertechnical sub-committee.
ConclusionsWhat what of the 3-Dfuel? I propose thatnatural gas should bepromoted as the 3-C fuel.
Competitive - naturalgas should allow all gascompanies to provideexisting and potentialconsumers with a premiumfuel at a competitive price.
Clean - Kinsale Headnatural gas is of thehighest quality and purityand, burned directly andefficiently as a premiumfuel, can make asignificant contribution tothe problem ofenvironmental pollution.
Capable of being safe and I make no apology forthe creation of the third C.Safety can only beachieved by the responsibleapplication of goodstandards by everyoneassociated with theindustry, and by thosewhose work impinges inany way on the industry.An examination ofworldwide statistics wouldshow that natural gas hasan excellent safety recordin comparison with otherforms of energy, but thissafety record does nothappen because of naturalgas. Natural gas can onlymaintain its safety recordif it is treated by everyonewith the respect that apotentially dangerous fueldeserves.
Safety is fundamental togas engineering.
Practice for theirimmediate and short termoperations. A provisionalstandard for service layinghas now been finalised byTCl for recommendationto the G.T.S.C. and wehope that this can bepublished in the nearfuture.
The document is generaland lays down minimumrequirements in theprincipal safety areas of,fixing of service valves,sealing of pipe entriesthrough walls, services tomultistorey buildings, pipelaying, services operatingat elevated pressure,testing and commissioning.Work is proceeding on theSecond Edition of thisStandard, which will be farmore detailed and willinclude materialspecification references,and consideration ofaspects of Gas Servicesother than the laying ofnew pipe.
A similar ProvisionalStandard for Mainlaying isalso being prepared andwill be circulated forpublic comment by theAutumn.
During the preparationof the above mentioneddocuments, many otherrequirements have come tolight by the sharing ofexperiences of thecommittee members, andin particular:--::... The need for materialspurchasing specificationsand the question of qualityassurance and certificationof materials to thosespecifications.- The need for a nationalsystem of utilityco-ordination to controlexcavations in public20 lHVN. August 1983
22
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
17 Repairs and Maintenance 77.13 49.56 34.14 25.98
TOTAL 711.78 656.00 682.13 645.24
Table 2.2
E Million
Output of Building Industry and Sample Heating and VentilationFirm for ]976-]982 in Current Prices
Factors Affecting GrowthClimateIreland has a damp, moist
/HVN, August /983 2/
1980. The government atthat time decreased theamount of publicexpenditure onconstruction. It was hopedthat the Fianna Failgovernment, which gets alot of its support from thelarge building andconstruction firms, wouldpump money into thissector. Although this wasdone to a limited extent, itonly halted the decline anddid not cause any growthas can clearly be seen fromTable 3.
Unfortunately, theoutlook for theconstruction industry isnot good in the short run.It is becoming increasinglymore difficult to find workand the competition,particularly in theventilation side ofconstruction, has provedto be too strong for manyfirms. Indeed, most firmshave been forced to layoffmen. (See Table 4).
However, looking at thelong-term situation, it isexpected that the economywill come out of thisrecession and that theconstruction industryshould pick up.
Line Jlo
Year
Line B
9291110
1976-1980. This wasmainly due to increasedgovernment expenditureand an influx of newforeign firms.
The recession hit thebuilding industry andstopped most of growth in
79
Table
79777.
500
1000
2000
2500
1 BOO
1500
determined by the level ofeconomic activity in theeconomy. It is possibly themost sensitive industry toeconomic change. Therewas a steady increase inthe amount of buildingbeing done from
Table 1).(a) Line A: This is a
graphic representation of~:lUtput for the buildingIndustry from 1976-82 inCurrent prices.
(b) Line B: This is agraphic representation ofoutput figures for SweeneySheet Metal who are anaverage sized heating andventilation sub contractoremploying 22 men. This isa proximately the trend
h has been" erienced by most of theother major firms in thissector.
A comparison of thelines clearly indicates thatthe heating and ventilationsector fol1ows growth inthe building industryclosely.
To examine real growthtrends we must look atoutput in terms ofconstant prices with a baseyear (1975). See Tables 2.1and 2.2. These tables showgrowth up until 1979-80.
The real growth trendsare shown more clearly inTable 3, which is a graphicrepresentation of Tables2.1 and 2.2. This graph,unlike the graph in Table 1takes inflation intoaccount and as such showsthe trends morerealistically.
Overall trends withinConstructIOn are 23
et al.: H & V News
Published by ARROW@TU Dublin, 1983
..
500
400
700
300
ServicesAs the economy advancesa greater percentage ofGNP is devoted toservices. Everything frombanking and insurance torestaurants andhairdressers experiencegrowth. Banks andinsurance companies canafford to install goodventilation and usually doso for the employeescomfort. Restaurant andhairdressers find itessential to install suchsystems for the customers'comfort. With increasedliving standards, peopledemand better medicalfacilities. Hospitals andresearch centres requirevery high standards ofventilation for obviousreasons.
Nature of the sectorThe ventilation of abuilding is by no meansessential. It is like anadded extra. Although thestandards of ventilationsystems in Ireland areamong the highest in theworld, there are nobinding regulations or lawslaid down (unless there is aneed to protect theindividual safety) forcingbuilders to install suchsystems. Therefore, when abuilder is on a low budget,the money alloted toventilation is among thefirst to be cut. This meansthat heating andventilation is doublysensitive to changes in th~
economy.
Imports and exportsUnfortunately, there areno exports from this sectorand all the major rawmaterials are imported. Itis, I am afraid, impossibleto calculate the exactquantity, as there are nofigures for such a smallsector. However, 20070 ofthis sector's output wouldnot be too far off themark, so I would guessabout £1 million ofimports for this sector.The reasons for all importsand no exports will bediscussed later.• Next month we'll lookat the number of firms inthe sector and list some ofthe major ones. We willalso examine the productsprovided and the mannerin which they aremarketed.
]2,866
J2,248
34,585
32.544
32,745
33,866
32,497
32,561
31,337
32,137
1982,.,""" 1980· 19B1(new basis)
January 19,664 26.928
February 19.603 27,389
March 19,823 27,749
April 20,114 27,755
May 20,270 27,373
Junl! 20,893 26,930
July 18,076 26,976
August 21,731 27.765
September 22,038 27,589
OCtober 22.848 28,015
November 24,296 28.995
December 25,035 29. 821
>VEItl\GE 21,466 27,774
1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982
Table 4
Unfortunately, the outlook for theconstruction industry is not good in theshort run. It is becoming increasinglymore difficult to find work and the
competition, particularly in theventilation side of construction, has
proved to be too strong for many firms.
Summary of Output in Building Industry 1978-83Constant 1975 Prices
UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE BUILDING INDUSTRY
Table 3
100
200
600
*Excluding persons on short-time and persons aged 65 years or over
climate with no extremesof heat or cold. Thisrestricts the growth of theheating and ventilationsystems greatly. Normalbuilding requirements forsuch systems are verysimple and straightforwardin Ireland and show noindication of increasingunless there is a radicalchange in climate, which isunlikely.
PopulationIreland is, for the firsttime in many yearsexperiencing a steadygrowth in population. Thiswill lead to increases indemand for housing,factories, schools,hospitals, etc, which inturn will cause a growth indemand for heating andventilation systems.
(b) ElectronicsElectronics and any otherfield with a high qualityproduction processrequire very high poweredextraction units. Dust inthe air can cause a greatdecrease in the quality andperformance of thefinished goods. Forexample, Becton andDickenson (Irl) have, inthe past few years, builttwo factories, one in DunLaoghaire and one inDrogheda which supply allof Europe with syringes.The ratio of total buildingcost to ventilation costs inthese factories were morethan three times thenormal average.
This type of industry hasbeen growing in Ireland(with help from the lOA)and hopefully will continueto do so.22 IHVN, August 1983
New industriesNew industries which ar ~
now coming into Irelandhave greater demands forventilation and heating.(a) ChemicalsThe chemical industryrequires very preciseventilation andtemperature level control.This is essential for thesafety of the workers, whichare protected by law,and also for the quality ofthe product. The growthof the chemical industrywill automatically lead toan increase in demand forhigh power and qualityventilation ·systems.
c
24
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
PLAN EXPO is a two-day exposition of architectural products and design lectures tobe held in the Burlington Hotel, Dublin, on Tuesday 1st and Wednesday 2ndNovember 1983.
PLAN EXPO is being organised by Plan Magazine, the architectural monthlypublication for all Ireland, and will comprise two major events:-
DESIGN LECTURES:There will be two lecture sessions on a theme of interest to all developers, architects,designers, engineers, surveyors and contractors:"Multi-Disciplinary Design and Contract Management":-
Tuesday 1st November: "BUILDING DESIGN"Session Chairman: Denis Haslam ARIBA MRIA!. President of the Royal Society ofUlster Architects and Partner, Anthony F. Lucy & Co., Belfast.Guest Speaker: Derek Sugden MICE MIStructE MWeldl MIOA, Partner, ArupAssociates, London.
Wednesday 2nd November: "INTERIOR DESIGN"Session Chairman: Desmond Doyle FRIAI; Partner, Burke-Kennedy Doyle &Partners, Dublin.Guest Speaker: Stefan Zacharay BA FSIAD FBID FRSA, Director, Stewart McColIDesign Associates, London.
Advance bookings per person per lecture cost £10.00 + 23% VAT (£12.30 total) orat the door if seats available £15.00 + 23% VAT (£18.45 total).
EXPOSITION OF ARCHITECTURAL PRODUCTS:PLAN EXPO offers you the manufacturer, distributor and supplier of architecturalproducts a truly unique opportunity to promote the specification of your products andservices to the construction industry's most influential specifiers in a conduciveenvironment.
Full information on both lecture sessions or exhibition costs and details are availablefrom:Richard P. Byrne or Neil SteedmanPLAN Magazine5/7 Main Street, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland.Tel.: 885001 Telex: 92258.
IHV ,August 1983 2325
et al.: H & V News
Published by ARROW@TU Dublin, 1983
PRODUCT REVIEW: INSULATION
LATION OF PIPESAND TANKS
Table A 1k-values of insulating materials as a functionof average temperature
~PInsulating °C 50° 100 150 0 200° 250° 300°material
Product A 0041 0047 0.055 0065 0079 0094
~Product B 0040 0045 0052 0062 0073 0.090
Product C 0036 0044 0055 0066 - -
Table A2The Economic Thickness of Pipe Insulation
Stage Parameter Calculation method Data required
I Heat loss from pipe See Appendix B Operating temp. of pipe(watts/metre) Ambient temperature
n Annual heat loss H = Heat loss Heat loss (from stage I)from pipe (H) (watts/metre) Hours of operation per(watt-hours/metre x annual hours of annum.per annum) operation
III Convert heat loss H, = H x 3.6 x 10-6 Conversion factorfrom Whim/annum to 3.6 x 1Q--6Gigaloules/m/annum(H,)
IV Find the cost of the H2 = H, x Heat loss per annum (H,)heat lost (H 21over evaluation period In (from stage Ill).the entire period for years x cost of Cost of useful heat frornwhich the investment useful heat chartsin insulation IS to beevaluated (i.e. theevaluation period)
V Find the total cost Sum of the cost of Heat loss cost (fromheat lost and the stage IV)cost of the Capital and InstallationInsulation costs of the Insulation.
operating temperature of penetration and should to fire safety requirements,the pipe does not exceed have adequate particularly with regard tothe permissible compressive strength to the emission of smoke andtemperature limits of the resist local loads imposed noxious gases.insulation as quoted by the by scaffolding, boards, Property No. 4manufacturer. ladders, etc. To avoid excessive labourProperty No. 2 Property No. 3 costs, the insulationThe insulation should be The fire rating of the should be simple inresistant to moisture insulation should conform construction, thereby
INSU
Pipe insulation is apractical method ofachieving significantenergy savings usinginsulating materials whichare readily available. Apartfrom reducing heat lossthrough pipes, saving fueland reducing runningcosts, efficient pipeinsulation has manyadditional benefits:• Temperatures of thefluid in the pipe can bemaintained closer todesired levels despitechanges in externalconditions.• Heat gains from thepiping is reduced, makingthe heating system easierto control in winter andproviding morecomfortable workingconditions in summer.• Insulation reducessurface temperatures sothat the plant and thebuilding are made safer forthe occupants.• With minimum heatloss the heiltin9 systemcan be tailored to theoptimum economic size.• For exposed piping therisk of freezing is greatlyreduced.• Uninsulated steampipes of small diametermay condense heavily andso restrict the steamsupply to outlying areas.
A wide range ofproducts for pipeinsulation is currentlyavailable from a number ofdifferent manufacturers.Detailed information maybe obtained frommanufacturers literature,but in all cases thedesirable properties forpipe insulation may besummarised as follows:Property 1Ability to withstandoperating temperatureswhile still retainingeffective insulatingproperties. It is thereforeessential to ensure that the24 IHVN, August 1983
26
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
Note:It is important to note thatthe k-values of insulatingmaterials vary withtemperature. The k-valuesquoted at ambienttemperatures areconsiderably morefavourable in terms ofinsulating value thank-values at highertemperatures (see TableA 1). The user shouldtherefore specify the likelyoperating temperaturewhen requestinginformation on thek-values of insulatingmaterials.
As before, the R-valuesof suitable insulatingmaterials may bedetermined once thek-values and the thicknessof the insulation productsare known. To ensurevalue for money, theinsulating material chosenshould be that whichexhibits the largest R-valueper unit cost, i.e. thehighest R-value/f.
Having decided on thetype of insulation, the nextstage is to estimate theoptimum thickness; i.e. tocalculate the economicthickness of insulation.The method of calculation's similar to that already
tlined for the economichickness of building
elements. It is firstnecessary to find the heatloss per metre run of pipe(expressed in watts/metre)given the following data:(i) Temperature of fluidwithin the pipe.Oi) Ambient temperature.(iii) Inner and outerdiameter of pipe.(iv) Insulation thickness.(v) Thermal conductivity ofthe insulation at theworking temperature.
The heat loss inwatts/metre may be foundfrom manufacturers' dataon the Insulation of pipes.
The procedurefor calculating theeconomic thickness ofinsulation is summarised inTable 1B
Here is a workedexample using thatmethod:
The supply of steam to
PRODUCT REVIEW: INSULATION
Table 81
Insulation 20 40 60 80 100 120thickness t
Heat loss from pipe 125.9 76 57 469 406 363eX,Jressed inwalls/metre (W /m)
Table 82
Heat loss in W/m(from Table 81) 125.9 76 57 469 40.6 363
"The pipe operates 16 hrs/day, 5 days/week. 48 weeks/year. The annual hours ofoperation are 16 x 5 x 48 =3840 hours per year.
Table 83
Heat loss per annumIn Whim(from Table 82) 483456 291840 218880 180096 155904 139392
Multiply above by3.6 x 1Q-6 to obtainheat loss InGJ/m/annum 1.740 1.051 0788 0.648 0561 0502
Table 84
Heat loss per annum in GJ/mfrom Table 83 1.740 1051 0.788 0648 0561 0502
Multiply above by the cost ofuseful heat (ie. £5/GJ) 8.7 5.26 3.94 3.24 2.81 2.51
Multiply above by the evaluation19.67 17.57period in years (i.e. by 7) 609 36.82 2758 2268
Table 85Unit cost of
~V
Fuel oil:pence/litre 50p Propane T
~Unit cost of
,Appl'eo ell,c,ency7Nalural gas
natural gas I Applied effiCIency 73°0)
and propane 40p
V~pence /therm
Unit cost of30pcoal: V Heavy luel 0,1 ~
pence/kg APPI,eoe:cc:Y
~20p V ___ ~ Gas·o'eselo,l-
/I
~b= ~--7........-:: ___ Coal
10p ./
~:;::::;--~
I.--- IAr~:,eoell,c,ency 60%1
~~ -- I I5 ~ost pe' I~alouler~,elul hei~r GJI
1 2 3 4
IHVN. August /983 25
27
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Published by ARROW@TU Dublin, 1983
PRODUCT REVIEW: INSULATION
Uninsulated InsulatedParameter tank tank
R-value 0.09 m2 °C/W 1.0 m2 °C/W
1 11 .11 W/ m2 ° C 101/\/1m2 °C-R
Area' of sides and base of tank 1334 m2 13.34 m2
Difference in temperature (f1 T) between thewater in the tank and ambient temperature 77.5°C 77.5°C
. 1Heat loss In watts = - x area x f1 T 11486 W 1034W
R
Table C Heat loss from sides of tank
'Area = Area of 4 sides + area of the base of the tank.=2 x (3.66 x 0.91 + 1.22 x 091 ) + (122 x 3.66)= 13.34 m2.
17.57
39.47
120
21.9
where feasible.(iv) Redesign the processor develop an alternativeprocess which dispenseswith the use of opentanks.(v) Allow the tank to coolovernight if the plantoperates on a one or twoshift basis.(vi) Allow the tank to coolover weekend periodswhere a five day week is inoperation. A simple timeclock controller can beinstalled to vary the supplyof heat to the tankaccording to the desiredschedules.
To illustrate the savingswhich can be achieved,consider the insulationscheme for a hot watertank, the details of whichare as follows:Water temperature: 93°CAmbient temperature:15.5°CTank d'imensions: 3.66metres x 1.22 metres x0.91 metres.
Prior to addinginsulation, the R-value of
pq 100
I II I
11.1 : 14.7 : 183I
I
27.58 : 22.68 I 19.67
38.68~ 37.97...
Minimum cost
60
36.82
44.32
7.5
40
609
648
3.9
20
insulation, especially inexposed locations.
Tanks which are open tothe atmosphere (e.g.condensate tanks,miscellaneous processtanks, etc.) are subject toheat loss by evaporationfrom the surface of theliquid.
Evaporative heat lossfrom the water surface farexceeds the loss of heatthrough the walls of thecontaining vessel. Thisprovides us with theincentive to minimise heatloss by evaporation bywhatever means possible.Here are some of thealternatives:(i) Cover the open tank byinstalling a lid.(ii) Access to the tank canbe preserved by the use ofa blanket of floating plasticballs. A floating layer willreduce heat losses bytwo-thirds and the methodis suitable for a wide rangeof hot liquids.(iii) Reduce thetemperature of the liquid
Heat loss cost, £/m fromTable 84
Total cost, £/m
Insulation thickness, mm
Installation costs of scheme,£ per metre of InstalledInsulation
Table B6
Reducing heat lossesHeat loses by conduction,convection and radiationcan be substantiallyreduced by the applicationof insulation in the form offlexible mats or blankets.The insulation must becarefully chosen takinginto account factors suchas the temperaturelimitations of the material,its resistance to moisture,fire risks and insulationlength. Adequate provisionshould be made forweather-proofing the
storage and handlingequipment offerssignificant scope forreducing heat loss. Heatloss from an open tankcontaining hot liquidsoccurs in the followingways:• by conduction,convection and radiationassociated with the sidesand base of the tank;• by evaporation from thesurface of the liquid in thetank.
SOLUTIONStage 1 Find the rate ofheat loss from the pipecorresponding to a rangeof insulation thickness.Stage 11 Find the Annualheat loss from the pipe.Stage III Convert heat lossfrom watt-hours/m perannum in Gigajoules/m perannum.Stage IV Find the cost ofthe heat loss over theevaluation period.
The cost of the heat lostis the product of:• the heat loss per annum(GJ/m/annum) from TableB3• the evualation period inyears, chosen as sevenyears in this case• the cost of useful heatsupplied.
The cost of useful heatis found by reference toTable B5
In this case heavy fuel,at 15.2 pence/litre, is usedfor steam raising. Toobtain the equivalent costof useful heat in £I.GJ,locate point A on the chartcorresponding to the fuelprice at 15.2p/litre. Draw ahorizontal line from pointA to meet the line marked'Heavy Fuel Oil' at point B.From B a vertical line isprojected onto thehorizontal axis meeting itat C. Point C indicates thatthe cost of useful heat is£5/GJ.Stage V Sum the cost ofthe heat lost and the costof insulation for each valueof insulation thickness.
The economic thicknessof insulation is that whichcorresponds to theminimum total cost, i.e.£37.38/m. In this case theeconomic thickness is80mm.
Insulation of StorageTanks and VatsThe use of insulation for26 IHVN, August 1983
a process area is served by. a pipeline operating at atemperature of 150°C. Theexternal diameter of thepipe is 140mm and itsinternal diameter (or bore)is 127mm. It is proposedto insulate the pipe with amaterial whose k-value is0.0452 W / maC at thetemperature of operation.What is the economicthickness of insulation?
28
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
Fibreglass Limited: A member of the Pilkington Group
~
Fibregl,~
-In263
•Sizes,1200mm long.Up to a superthick 100mm.
Crown Pipe~-----------' In·sulation.
Available everywhere.Ready to be snappedon.
With the distinctiveheat-saving Z-Iock.
---=====--- The self-sealingCROWN j~int created byPIPEINSULATION Fibreglass.
Clean, smooth,firm. With plain;canvas orClass '0' facing.
29
et al.: H & V News
Published by ARROW@TU Dublin, 1983
PRODUCT REVIEW: INSULATION
Table E Energy savings through tank insulation
Uninsulated Insulated kW savings % energysavings
Heat loss from sidesand base of lank 11.49 kW 1.03 kW 10.46 kW 91%
Heal loss from watersurface 67.58 kW 1690 kW 5068 kW 75%
Tolals 7907 kW 17.93 kW 61.14 kW 77%
Table 0 Evaporative heat loss from water surface
1.502.253.00
R. Value (m 2K/W)Weight
2.7 kg/m23.3 kg/m23.6 kg/m2
50mm75mm
loomm
Thickness
Factoryliner from FibreglassFactoryliner lightweight 600mm wide and l800mmi~sulation b<;>ar.d by. or l200mm long.FIbreglass ~Imlted IS one Without imposingproduc.t whIch !!1~ets unnecessary strain on theInsul.atlOn an~ hnIng building, 50mmreqUIrements In new and Factoryliner panels can cutexisting .b~ildings. . heat losses through
The ngld, glass fIbre lightweight structuresslabs have a white, lO-lfold and the loommdecorative, washable panels 20-fold. Thefacing which complies with constructional U value isClass 'C?' of the Buil~ing up to II per cent betterRegulatIOns. Factoryhner than with traditionalis thermally effi~ient, fire underlining.safe, and acoustJca.lly The application ofabsorbent, and. easJiy Factoryliner to previouslymeets the reqUIred 'U~ hard surfaced buildingsvalue o~ 0:6 W Im2K In significantly reducesnew bUIldIngs. reverberant noise levels
Fibreglass claims no and reductions of at lea~t 6other product. combines db are readily achievablesuch outstandIng thermal with roof and walls lined.and acoustic properties The Fire Offices'with lightweight and Committee the centraldecorative qualities. administrative body of the
Typical weight of each major tariff insurancethickness (including grid) companies, have approvedand R values show below. Factoryliner with its
non-combustible baseFactoryliner is available board and Class I facing.
Uninsulated InsulatedParameter surface surface
Heat loss/unit area 15135 W/m2 3784 W/m2
Area of surface 4465 m2 4465 m?
Heat loss x Area 67578 Watts 16895 Watts
Industrial Estate,Grange Road,
Baldoyle,Dublin.
Telephone: 390064390478
C&RLIMITED
Insulation Specialists andSheet Metal Contractors
the uninsulated tank wasO.09m2oC/W. After adding35mm of insulation theR-value was increased to1.0m2o C/W. The heat lossthrough the four sides andthe base of the tank iscalculated in Table C.
Evaporative heat lossThe heat loss byevaporation from the watersurface was 15135W/m2.This was reduced by 75%by covering the surface ofthe water with smallplastic spheres. Theevaporative heat loss isnow 3784 W/m2. Totalevaporative heat loss iscalculated in Table D.Tables C and Daresummarised in Table E.
• The above article is partof a booklet issued by theDepartment of Industry &Energy prepared by theIIRS. The completebooklet on insulation isavailable from the IIRS.
28 IHVN, August 198330
Building Services News, Vol. 22, Iss. 8 [1983], Art. 1
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