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From Severe Drought to Flood of the Century

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What do you know about USACE

How many employees/offices in USACE?

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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers(USACE)

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers(USACE)

40 District/division offices for civil works 7 laboratories 37,000 employees $5.4 billion annual civil works budget

► Partners with sponsors► Manages USACE assets

Military Design/Construction Design/construction for other agencies Contract administration (billions)

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USACE Civil Works MissionUSACE Civil Works Mission Water resources

► Flood control – approx. 700 structures (flood control, navigation and other)• Over $25 billion in flood Damages prevented each year

► Levee systems – 14,000 miles► Smaller flood damage reduction projects► Navigation – approx. 191 locks/dams

• 12,000-shallow, 13,000-deep miles of waterway• 300 commercial harbors

► Water supply – 10 million people in 115 cites plus agriculture, industrial► Hydro power – 75 sites w/ 25% of hydroelectric or 3% of energy

Recreation► Nation’s largest outdoor recreation supplier► 2,500 COE operated plus 1,800 leased areas► 360 million visits, 600,000 jobs directly related

Environmental ► Restoration► Clean Water Act► Environmental flows relating to reservoirs

Emergency/disaster response (hurricanes, tornados, etc)

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Statewide Reservoir Development Summary

Multi-purpose► Flood control, water supply, hydropower,

environmental, recreation, navigation Critical to the early development of Texas Significant federal economic contribution Planned/constructed dams 111/32

► 1st - Marshall Ford Dam (Lake Travis) 1942► Last – Cooper (Jim Chapman Reservoir)

1991 8.8 M ac-ft conservation storage

(WS/hydropower) in 29 federal dams 15.9 M ac-ft flood storage in 31 federal

dams Costs (2013)

► Construction - $8.2 billion► Benefits - $76 billion► B/C ratio – 9.3

Annual recreation visits – 22 M

San Jacinto

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What Do You See?

• Flood control system• Over $70 billion in

damages prevented (60 years)

• $2-3 billion per year

• Water supply system• 6.5 million served

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Flood Control Operations

What was the largest historical dam failure catastrophe?

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Maintaining Perspective On Water Management

Historical Disasters► S. Fork Dam, Johnstown, Pennsylvania (Operational Issues)

• May 1889, 2209 dead, $17 mil damages► St Francis Dam, California (Operational & Design)

• March 1928, 450 dead, several towns destroyed► Buffalo Gap, Virginia Tailings Dams (Operational & Des.)

• Feb 72, 125 dead (COE Involvement)► Teton Dam, Idaho (Design Issues)

• June 1976, 11 dead, $.5 billion damages► Banqiao & Shimantan Dams (Ru & Hong Rivers, China)(Design

Issues)• August 75, 85,000 dead, 11 million affected

Top ofInactive Pool

RESERVOIR ALLOCATIONS

Top of Dam

Maximum Design Surface

Top of Flood Control

Top of Conservation

SpillwayCrest

Sedimentation Pool

Freeboard

Surcharge

Streambed

Water Supply, • Municipal

• Agricultural

• Industrial

• Hydropower

Fish & Wildlife, Recreation Spillway Crest

Low Flow

Perched Reserve Power Pool

8.8 million ac-ft5.8 ac-ft water supply20-25% surface water supply

SWF – 15.9 million ac-ft$2-3 billion/yr damages prevented, $76 billion total

SWF - 214 GWH/yr @ 5 locations

Hydrologic Network Cooperative program – federal, state, local,

academia, AE community Over 400 Remote Sensing Stations,

approximately 2000 Observers Basic data for operation of the projects Calibration of NWS precipitation estimates Model calibrations, real-time forecasting

and hydrologic investigations Jointly funded with USACE direct

expenditures of close to $18 million annually, SWF $1 million annually

Partnerships► USGS, NWS, River Authorities, Counties,

Cities► Coordination and resource sharing to

maximize network benefits► USACE-SWF has leveraged partnerships

for $700k $800,000

$1,000,000

$1,200,000

$1,400,000

$1,600,000

$1,800,000

$2,000,000

Actual Cost

Leveraged Cost$700k

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Plans of Regulation Follow published plans of regulation for

each project Store flood producing runoff to protect

downstream areas Uncontrolled areas Project Safety – can we store it? Surcharge

releases? Forecasts - reservoir managers, surcharge

releases Evacuate flood water to prepare for

subsequent flooding events Coordinate with other dam operators Retain full conservation pools and

additional supplies on a temporary basis to support drought (deviation)

Controls

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Current flow/stage = > 8000 cfs/24.7’

Control capacity = 8000 cfs/24.7’

No releases from USACE flood control projects unless

in surcharge operations

Control Points – Downstream States

Control points & control point flows

► Select locations along a river, which are considered representative, for the purpose of evaluating the impact of a flood along that portion of the river. These locations are designated in the plan of regulation as regulatory discharge points

► A rate of flow at which damages begin to occur is established for each control point

► As the pool level and overall risk to the reservoir increases within a reservoir, the acceptable control point flow may increase

► These flow rates are known as the allowable control point flows or regulatory discharges

Current flow/stage = 8000 cfs/24.7’Control capacity = 8000 cfs/24.7’

Reservoir A = 1700 cfs

Reservoir B = 4300 cfs

Reservoir C = 500 cfs

Flow from uncontrolled area = 1500 cfs

After Event – Flood Water Evacuation

During Event

Surcharge Operations

Most likely from ensemble events Dams have limited capability to

store runoff, 100-yr, SPF, PMF, ensemble

Once full spillway activation likely

Control point flows no longer applicable

Dam safety Spillways

► Uncontrolled• Rare• Damages

► Tainter gates• Requires SWF internal decision

Proctor Lake

Lavon Lake

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May – June 2015 Event

20” – 30” rainfall across entire upper Trinity River USACE projects flood pool capacity exhausted Surcharge pools engaged at all 8 Trinity River reservoirs Damage inducing surcharge releases at Lewisville, Grapevine

and Lavon Numerous forecasts for USACE reservoirs across the state Inundation mapping across the state

► Denton Creek Brazos► Elm Fork Trinity► East Fork Neches► Guadalupe

Benbrook Joe Pool Ray Roberts Lewisville Grapevine Lavon Navarro Mills Bardwell Projects Avg0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Trinity River Basin Projects: CY2014Reservoir Inflow & Basin Average Precip

CY2014 Monthly Avg PDSI = -1.78 (Max = -1.13 Min = -2.56)Resv Inflow Basin Avg Precip 1 Jan 2014 Cons. Storage 31 Dec 2014 Cons. Storage

Per

cen

t of

Nor

mal

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Monthly Rainfall

January February March April May June0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

3.8

2.7

3.6

7.5

18.9

5.7

0.40.7

1.82.7

3.3

4.4

2.132.66

3.493.07

4.9

3.79

2015

2014

Average

Total rainfall on the Upper Trinity Basin for May and June was 24.6”

During Tropical Storm Bill the GrapevineBasin received an average of 5.4 inches in 48 hours

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May 1- 5

GrapevineI=0.70 in

Ray RobertsI=0.88 in

LewisvilleI=0.65 in

LavonI=0.44 in

BenbrookI=0.41 in Joe Pool

I=0.35 in

*Pool percent taken on the last day

93 C

83 C

10 F

15 F 7 F

98 C

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Storm Event May 6-12

GrapevineI=6.74 inC=7.44

Ray RobertsI= 9.45 in

C= 10.33 in

LewisvilleI= 7.04 inC= 7.69 in

LavonI=5.57 inC=6.01 in

BenbrookI=4.61 inC=5.02 Joe Pool

I=3.72 inC=4.07

*Pool percent taken on the last day

2 F

18 F

59 F 37

F

86 F

25 F

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Storm Event May 13-19

GrapevineI=3.74 in

C=11.18 in

Ray RobertsI=4.36 in

C=14.69 in

LewisvilleI=3.57 in

C=11.26 in

LavonI=3.61 inC=9.62 in

BenbrookI=2.01 inC=7.03 in

Joe PoolI =4.24 inC =8.31 in

*Pool percent taken on the last day

11 F 51

F

74 F 57

F

93 F

44 F

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Storm Event May 20-25

GrapevineI=3.37 in

C=14.55 in

Ray RobertsI=4.74 in

C=19.43 in

LewisvilleI=4.15 inC=15.41

in

LavonI=5.04 in

C=14.66 in

BenbrookI=3.44 in

C=10.47 inJoe PoolI=5.25 in

C=13.56 in

*Pool percent taken on the last day

18 F 79

F

100 82

F

100

71 F

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Storm Event May 26-31

GrapevineI=4.33 in

C=18.88 in

Ray RobertsI=4.84 in

C=24.27 in

LewisvilleI=4.38 inC=19.79

in

LavonI=3.12 in

C=17.78 in

BenbrookI=3.79 in

C=14.26 inJoe PoolI=6.52 in

C=20.08 in

*Pool percent taken on the last day

40 F

100

100

100

100

100

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Variations is Loss Rates for Forecast ModelingUpper Trinity River – Dallas, Fort Worth Area

70% variation in loss rates

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Tropical Storm Bill June 13-23

GrapevineI=6.46 in

C=25.76 in

Ray RobertsI=4.78 in

C=29.45 in

LewisvilleI=4.70 inC=24.86

in

LavonI=5.07 in

C=22.93 in

BenbrookI=5.16 in

C=19.43 inJoe PoolI=3.03 in

C=23.11 in

*Pool percent taken on the last day

100

91 F

100

98 F

100

100

2.3 Million (ac-ft) stored in the 6

projects

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Anticipating BillWhitney210001453

Aquilla

6110Waco

4230206

• Whitney, Waco Lake and Aquilla were significantly

in the flood pool.

• The Corps of Engineers had a 24 hour watch on

the reservoirs in the path of Tropical Storm Bill.

• At 11 pm on June 16th the Corps of Engineers

reduced releases at 6 reservoirs in anticipation

of the storm.

Belton1641

27Georgetow

n258

0

Granger

28200

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Trinity River Reservoir System

• Flood control system• Over $70 billion in

damages prevented (60 years)

• $2-3 billion per year

• Water supply system• 6.5 million served

Where is the 7th flood control reservoir?

Corridor Development CertificateFloodplain as a Reservoir

RIVER CHANNEL

WATER SURFACE

Full floodplain conveyance and storage

19901949 1989

Corridor Development CertificateFloodplain as a Reservoir

Downstream flood risk increases► Higher flows► Higher water surface elevations

RIVER CHANNEL

WATER SURFACE

Full floodplain conveyance and storage

Reduced floodplain conveyance and storage

RIVER CHANNEL

BUILDABLE AREA BUILDABLE AREA

CDC Corridor

Ray Roberts

Lewisville

Grapevine

Lavon

Joe Pool

Benbrook

Active Flood Storage

Bad things happen when you do this!

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Benefits of the CDC Process

• Establishment of the CDC Process provides a number of benefits and innovations, including the stabilization of flood risk. • Common regional criteria • State-of-the-art floodplain mapping• Hydrologic modeling based on year 2055 Upper Trinity River watershed development• A current hydraulic model incorporating CDC permitted floodplain development• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers technical review• Regional review and comment

TREIS 1987 ROD 1988 CDC 1991

Chronology of the Regulatory Program

Corridor Development CertificateFloodplain as a Reservoir

RIVER CHANNEL

WATER SURFACE

Full floodplain conveyance and storage

RIVER CHANNEL

BUILD AREA

BUILD AREA

STORAGE AREA STORAGE AREA

Recovered conveyance and compensatory storage

Reduces, but does not eliminate, impacts on downstream flood potential (compromise)

Leveraging to expand SW management practices

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NOAA Atlas 14Precipitation Frequency Estimates

NOAA - Office of Hydrologic Development – Sanja Perica PhD

UCAR► Technical Paper 40 & 49 (1961 & 1964)► USGS/TXDOT (Asquith)► 10 volumes completed► Improved techniques► Additional durations (urban studies, 5-min)► Additional frequencies (1000-yr)► Aerial reduction factors► Increased granularity

• Denser network• Improved spatial interpolation• PRISM techniques

► Longer records► Connectivity to USACE software (MetVue)► Cost – $1.5 mil, $500k/yr for 3 years► $170k in hand, $790k pledged

.

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CWMS Implementation 200+ USACE watersheds $150 M investment, nationally $6 M for Texas 6+ year plan Supports

► Dam safety, operations (forecasting), can be leveraged (FEMA)

2014► Colorado, Neches,

Guadalupe, Trinity, San Jacinto (Buffalo Bayou)

2015► Brazos

MetVue -> HMS-> RiverWare-> RAS-> FIA

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HEC-MetVue Meteorological Data Tool Real-time flood forecasting

► Rainfall scaling► Additional calibration

Grids or lumped DSS Design storms for standard

frequencies► Integration with NOAA Atlas

14 PMP studies – HMR52,

HMR55a Storm rotation and translation Storm Analysis

► Depth-area-duration, hyetographs, moments of inertia

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Military and Civil Works AE Contracts

Currently Available Military

► SE Huey SB► Arizpe SB► Blair-Remy SB► Merrick – PBSJ (Atkins) UR► Mason-Hangar/Pond UR

Civil Works► URS/Freeze-Nichols/Huitt-Zollars UR► CDM-Stanley UR

Survey► Munoz-Dannenbaum SB► IEA SB► Continental Mapping Consultants SB

Construction Phase Services (CPS)► Argo Systems► URS Group► Jacobs-Huitt-Zollars

Coming on Line Military

► 2 - $15M UR (unrestricted)► 1 - $ 10M SDVOSB► 1- $10M EDWOSB► 1 – $5M HUBZone► 3 - $10M 8(a)

Civil Works► 2 - $7.5M SB

Construction Phase Services (CPS)

► 2 - $10M SDVOSB► 1 - $5M EDWOSB

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WEB Site

www.swf-wc.usace.army.mil

Questions?