Building Systems - Function and Spaces

8/3/2019 Building Systems - Function and Spaces

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RINO D.A. FERNANDEZ

UST FACULTY

Building Services Systems:

Air-conditioning Systems

Electrical Systems

Plumbing Systems

Fire-fighting Systems

Vertical Transportation Systems

Building Services Systems: Building Services Systems:



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1. Review on How the Systems Works

2. Provide the Systems Architectural Space

Requirements



Electrical Systems

Plumbing Systems



Garbage Disposal Systems


Air-conditioning Systems (Types):

Duct-free Type (Package Type)

Ducted Type (Centralized Type)



Duct-free Type (Package Type)



Ducted Type (Centralized Type)


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Air-conditioning

A mechanicalinstallation system

providing warmed,cooled, clean andotherwise treated airinto the habitable

spaces of a building


Heat in buildings comes principally from foursources: electrical energy, the sun, outdoor air

temperatures and the buildings occupants

- An individual will give off about 400 Btu/h in a 23.3Croom

- At noon, a surface directly facing the sun mayreceive 300 Btu/h, on a clear day

- Every kilowatt of electrical energy in use produces3413 Btu/h


Types of Air-conditioning Systems:

Duct-free Type Ducted Type

Building Services Systems: Air-conditioning Systems:

Window Room AirConditioners (WRAC)

Duct-free Type:

Air-conditioning Systems:

PackageTerminal AirConditioners(PTAC)

Duct-free Type:

Fan Coil Unit (FCU)Hi-wall

Underceiling Cassette

Slimpacs



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Aircon Type hp Applicable Area

Wall Mounted 1.00 20

1.50 24

2.00 32

2.50 38

4.00 50


Aircon Type Hp Applicable Area

Ceiling Mounted 3.00 45

4.00 50

6.00 80

Ceiling Cassete

Floor Mounted



Ceiling Cassette 3.00 45

5.00 85



Floor Mounted 3.00 45

5.00 80


Condensing Unit (ACCU)



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Ducted Type:

Chiller Chiller

Air-Handling Unit(AHU)

Cooling Tower


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- The chillers give off heat, noise, and vibration, and

should not be located near spaces they willadversely affect.

- They may be placed anywhere in the building frombasement to roof, but they are heavy and requiredeeper-than-normal structural members for

support.

ACU Chiller Considerations: ACU Chiller

Considerations:

Ceiling height:

a minimum of3.66 m (bldgof moderatesize)

a maximum of

4.88 m (verylarge bldg)

Rule-of-Thumb for ACU Chiller Space Rqmts:

Building Types TFA (m) Chiller Area

1,000 15

3,000 30

5,000 50

10,000 70

20,000 180

30,000 300

40,000 400

50,000 500

Apartments,Hotels, Dormitories,Hospital Patient

Rooms



1,000 15

3,000 30

5,000 80

10,000 150

20,000 300

30,000 450

40,000 600

50,000 900

Offices, Schools,Commercial Bldgs



1,000 20

3,000 60

5,000 100

10,000 250

20,000 500

30,000 700

40,000 900

50,000 1100

Auditoriums,Theatres,

Restaurants,Industrial Bldgs

Air-Handling Unit(AHU)


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Air-Handling Unit

(AHU)

It can be

advantageous tohave a separate fanroom for each floor ofa building, because

this saves floorspace by eliminatingmost or all of the

vertical runs of

ductwork

Rule-of-Thumb for AHU Space Rqmts:

Building Types TFA (m) AHU Area

1,000 50

3,000 70

5,000 100

10,000 200

20,000 400

30,000 600

40,000 800

50,000 1000

Apartments,

Hotels, Dormitories,Hospital PatientRooms


1,000 55

3,000 90

5,000 180

10,000 300

20,000 600

30,000 900

40,000 1200

50,000 1500




1,000 60

3,000 150

5,000 250

10,000 500

20,000 900

30,000 1200

40,000 1500

50,000 1800

Auditoriums,Theatres,Restaurants,

Industrial Bldgs


Cooling Tower Cooling Tower


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Cooling Tower

Common location is the roof of the building

The towers should be isolated acoustically from the

frame of the building due to the noise & vibration itaccumulates

Noise-sensitive areas should not be located directlybelow them.

Cooling Tower

Cooling towers range between 4.00m and 12.00 min height

The height for a given building can be estimated byinterpolating between these two extremes.

The towers usually have a 1.20m crawlspacebeneath.

Rule-of-Thumb for Cooling Tower Space Rqmts:

Building Types TFA (m) CT Area

1,000 6

3,000 10

5,000 15

10,000 25

20,000 50

30,000 70

40,000 90

50,000 120

Apartments,Hotels, Dormitories,Hospital Patient

Rooms


1,000 6

3,000 12

5,000 20

10,000 40

20,000 80

30,000 120

40,000 160

50,000 200


Rule-of-Thumb for Cooling Tower Space Rqmts:


1,000 8

3,000 15

5,000 25

10,000 60

20,000 100

30,000 160

40,000 200

50,000 300

Auditoriums,Theatres,

Restaurants,Industrial Bldgs

Rule-of-Thumb for Cooling Tower Space Rqmts: Building Services Systems:


Electrical Systems

Plumbing Systems





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Electrical Systems

SOURCES OF ENERGY


Electrical Systems

SOURCES OF ENERGY:

OFF-SITE ON-SITE

Power Plant - photovoltaic

- geothermal - wind turbine

- hydropower - geothermal

- nuclear, etc - stream hydro electric


Electrical Systems (Components):

Service Entrance Equipment

- Transformer Space/Room

- Main Electrical Room

- Back-up Power System (Genset)

Indoor Distribution Equipment

- Electrical Room

Loads

Building Types TFA (m) Size of TR

20,000 6.0x6.0x3.50

30,000 6.0x9.0x3.50

60,000 6.0x12.0x3.50

200,000 6.0x24.0x3.50

ResidentialBuildings

Rule-of-Thumb for Transformer Room Space Rqmts:


10,000 6.0x6.0x3.50

15,000 6.0x9.0x3.50

30,000 6.0x12.0x3.50

100,000 6.0x24.0x3.50

CommercialBuildings

Rule-of-Thumb for Transformer Room Space Rqmts:


20,000 9.0x6.0x3.50

30,000 9.0x8.0x3.50

60,000 9.0x12.0x3.50

200,000 9.0x24.0x3.50

ResidentialBuildings

Rule-of-Thumb for Main Electrical Room Rqmts:


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10,000 9.0x6.0x3.50

15,000 9.0x8.0x3.50

30,000 9.0x12.0x3.50

100,000 9.0x24.0x3.50

Commercial

Buildings

Rule-of-Thumb for Main Electrical Room Rqmts:

Provide at least

12.00m for ElectricalRoom at every floor

Secondary Electrical Room Rqmts (every floor):



Electrical Systems

Plumbing Systems




BASIC CONSIDERATIONS IN

PLUMBING SYSTEM:

WATER SUPPLY & STORAGE SYSTEM

FIXTURES

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

WATER SUPPLY & STORAGE:

Service Entry

Reservoir/Cistern

Pumps


Service Entry

Reservoir/Cistern

Pumps


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Service Entry

Reservoir/Cistern

Pumps


Plumbing Systems (Pump Rooms)

Area Water Pump Fire PumpServed Room Room

Up to 18,500 m 3.00x4.00 6.00x4.0018,500 - 93,000 5.00x4.00 9.00x8.00

The essential component is the FIXTURES:without them there is no need for the others.

The chief criteria for designing a plumbing

system are its number of fixtures, number offixture units, supply main flow rate, and waterpressure at the highest fixture.

Plumbing System:

Required Plumbing Fixtures:

Plumbing System:

Required Plumbing Fixtures:

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

the screening, sedimentation, filtration etc.

of waste water and solids from a sewer, andthe disposal of settled sludge in digestiontanks or on drying beds

On-site System:- Septic Tank (Anaerobic Treatment)- Aerobic Treatment Unit

- Sewage Treatment Plant

Off-site System- Sewer System


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Septic System

SEWAGE DISPOSALSYSTEM:

Septic System

Anaerobic bacteriadissolve the solids

SEWAGE DISPOSAL

SYSTEM:

Aerobic Treatment Unit

Alternative for septic

Tank

SEWAGE DISPOSAL

SYSTEM:

Aerobic Treatment Unit

Depend upon air bubbled

through the sewage to

achieve aerobic digestion,which is faster thananaerobic digestion;

hence, they can be smallerthan septic

tanks

SEWAGE DISPOSAL

SYSTEM:

Sewage Treatment Plant

the apparatus, vesselsand pumps, filters,

pipework etc. for treatingraw sewage


Sewer System

A system which conveys wasteliquids and solids insuspension away

from a buildings

soil and foul waterdrainage systems to

a treatment plant;


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Sewer System

A sewage ejector pump must beused in case the sewer line ismuch higher than the building

sewer outlet/drain



Electrical Systems

Plumbing Systems


Elevator System:

Machine Room-less (MRL)

Elevator System:

Determining Number of Elevators(according to the number of floors):

Good - 1 per 3 floors

Fair - 1 per 4 floorsPoor - 1 per 5 floors

or more

(according to number of occupants):

1 per 300 350 persons

Elevator System:

Basic Arrangements:

Elevator System:


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Elevator System: Building Services Systems:


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Building Systems - Function and Spaces

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