Building Technologies - fullyengineered.com · The same applies to new terms like room automation,...

t-3 t-4 t-5 t-2 t-1 t

Progression

Resultingpresentation

No fault

Time-discrete transmission of value (usual SCADA “scan”)

Wertverlauf =Darstellung

DDC-Schwell-wert

Value-discrete transmission (COV)

Übertragene Werte mit Zeitstempel

keine Üb

COS CROSS-REFERENCE change of value.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.37].

change of value An event that occurs when a measured or calculated analog value chan

COV amount.

CROSS-REFERENCE change of state.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.9].

ADDITIONAL EXPLANATION

The objective is the transmission of associated information in the case

whereby it is of no importance whether it is binary, digital or analog in

points, a relative change of threshold value – the COV (not the “limit va

This means that a “value-discrete” transmission and, if required, storage

Prerequisite for identifying the change is a process pricture in the equip

COV/COS.

A dynamic COV/COS is the controllable transmission of information abo

scribing information for a dynamic display or for trending (according to

NOTE In former supervisory control systems, cyclic scan

the outstations and “time-discrete” transmission

points from the central station was relatively slow

Graphic explanation:

Building Automation andControl – Glossary and Abbreviations

Building Technologies

Preface 4

General notes 5

Structural diagram of interconnections in building automation 6

Terms in alphabetical order 7

Annex A New definitions of operating modes used in room automation 61

Annex B Computer terms 62

Annex C Acronyms and abbreviations used in standardization 67

Annex D Acronyms, abbreviations and symbols used in building automation 69

3

Contents

Free and fair competition that keeps innovation alive and that protects the investments made calls

for the use of unambiguous language by all parties involved at all stages of the building construc-

tion process, including planning. It is the common understanding of the terms used for the descrip-

tion of a system’s performance that facilitates the exchange of clear information.

To avoid unnecessary risks of cost in conjunction with tender specifications, project allocation,

project execution and billing, project handling and building management, the use of generally

accepted language is a mandatory requirement.

In the case of leading edge technology where established standards are not available, it is rather

difficult to find the right terms for all the complex correlations and to understand the language

used.

The present document gives a summary of the new terms and standard definitions used in the

fields of measurement, control and building automation.

The source of the terms and definitions is given in brackets [ ] under SOURCE.

Hans R. Kranz, VDI

Preface

4

• Many of the terms used in the analog world of measurement, control and building automation

are difficult to translate for use in the world of digital building automation

• From the technical point of view, a subdivision into “Supervisory control systems” and “Control

technology” does not make sense any more. The new international term is “Building automa-

tion and control” and comprises one complete system

• The International Standards as a source for our terms and definitions are in their final develop-

ment stage

• The following basic standards for process automation are presently in force:

– IEC 60050-351: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Control Technology;

– DIN 19222ff/DIN 19226-5/-6: Basic standards for process automation.

These standards are presently revised within the framework of IEV;

– EN ISO 10628: Flow diagrams;

– ISO 14617: Graphical symbols for diagrams;

– ISO 3511: Control technology, graphical symbols;

– EN IEC 1131: Programmable controllers.

• The following European and International Standards are presently being developed or in force:

– EN 12098-1: Controls for heating systems – Part 1: Outside temperature compensated

control equipment for hot water heating systems;

– EN 12098-2: Controls for heating systems – Part 2: Optimum start-stop control

equipment for hot water heating systems;

– EN ISO 16484: Building automation systems.

The majority of the terms contained in this document were created during

the development of the Parts -2, -3 and -5;

– EN ISO 16484-5: Protocol (BACnet).

• National guidelines

– VDI Guideline 3814 – Parts 2 and 5 were used as the basis for EN ISO 16484-3 and -7;

– VOB/C DIN 18386:1996 as ATV (Construction Contract Procedures) for building automation,

must shortly be adapted to the terms of the new standards series;

– GAEB STLB-Bau 070 Gebäudeautomation (Master Specification for Construction) is adapted

to the standards at 6-month intervals.

• This document often makes reference to EN ISO 16484 as a source. EN ISO 16484-2 was unani-

mously approved by CEN and ISO in April 2003, and EN ISO 16484-3 also in Nov. 2003.

• The terms currently used in the field of building automation and control are listed and explai-

ned in alphabetical order. The corresponding outdated terms previously used in the analog

world are given where appropriate.

• Terms like data point, information, user address, statistics or optimization function are often

misinterpreted. The same applies to new terms like room automation, building system tech-

nology and those used in the field of data communication. We look at such terms from an

unbiased point of view without giving consideration to competitive aspects.

General notes

5

Network

Network

To ensure flexibility in terms of application, EN ISO 16484-2 does not describe a precisely defined

system architecture. The standard presents a rather general system model that is capable of

accommodating all the different types of building automation and control systems (BACS) and

their interconnections (BACS network).

Structural diagram of interconnections in building automation

6

Figure 1: Possible interconnections in building automation and control systems.

Monitoring &operator unit /

operator station

Programming unit

Monitoring &operator unit

Communication inter-face / controller / appli-

cation-specific controller

Application-specificcontroller

Controller / automation station /

application-specific controller

Data interfaceunit

Dedicated special system


Data interfaceunit

Data processing device /

server station

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

Programming unit

Monitoring &operator unit /

operator station

Data interfaceunit


Au

tom

ati

on

/ c

on

tro

l

Room operatorunit

Local override /indication

Fie

ld

Network

M M M M

Interconnections within functional levels

Interconnections between functional levels

Blinds / shades

Lighting / dimming

Net

wor

k

The following structure is used in this document:

Term

Abbreviation

Alternative term (if available)

Alternative abbreviation (if available)

Definition

CROSS-REFERENCE

SOURCE

EXAMPLES (1...n)

NOTES (1...n)


Terms in alphabetical order

7

access control ‹BACS› method for determining or restricting access to system and network resources.

CROSS-REFERENCE access control system.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.2].

NOTE 1 Also refer to security and operator authentication.

NOTE 2 Data privacy protection is the framework conditions protecting personal data

from being used by any one other than the owner (regulated by national

law).

NOTE 3 Data security is the framework conditions to protect data from direct or in-

direct manipulation or unauthorized use. Data manipulation includes loss of

data, destruction or falsification of data.

NOTE 4 Data security means are the measures and equipment to secure and main-

tain the safety of data.

access control system 1) ‹BACS› a dedicated special system for security.

2) ‹security› automatic checking of access rights under organizational measures and barrier/door

control for buildings/rooms, including registration of events.

CROSS-REFERENCE access control.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.3].

NOTE An access control system belongs to security systems.

acknowledge ‹BACS› the recognition and/or registration of an event (e.g. alarm) by an operator.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.4].

NOTE An acknowledgement can be invoked by an operator using a physical device,

or by using a human system interface, e.g. selecting an icon on a VDU.

acknowledgement ‹communications› a function that allows a destination node to inform a sending node of the receipt

of a protocol-data-unit.

SOURCE [ISO/IEC 7489-1:1994] actuator.

‹HBES› bus communications output device (analog or binary), e.g. to control a

load, a contactor, or a positioner.

CROSS-REFERENCE switched actuator.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.7].

NOTE 1 A binary actuator is sometimes also referred to as switched actuator

(on/off type).

actuator ‹BACS› field device (3.80) that interfaces to control a plant process, operated electrically,

actuator and pneumatically, or hydraulically. It influences the mass flow or energy flow.

positioning actuator CROSS-REFERENCE positioning actuator.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.6].

NOTE 1 A control valve is the combination of a valve with its operating element.

SOURCE [DIN IEC 60534-1].

NOTE 2 A regulating element (functional unit), or a final controlling element (physi-

cal unit) [IEV 351], i.e. a damper, a valve is often referred to as positioning

actuator.

A

8

address ‹BACS› unique object identifier and/or device identifier within a system or combined systems.

CROSS-REFERENCE 1 user address.

CROSS-REFERENCE 2 point address.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.8].

NOTE 1 In BACS, each data point has an identifier named point address.

NOTE 2 In BACS, each communications object has properties named object identifier

and object name.

addressing system Unique structured method for data point identification to address the information provided in

address scheme BACS, consisting of a scheme and the semantics of the elements.

CROSS-REFERENCE user address.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.9].

NOTE This scheme can apply throughout a plant, a complete BACS, or the entire

customer premises as appropriate.

alarm ‹BACS› warning of the presence of a hazard to a property or the environment, in security systems

also to life.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.10].

NOTE 1 An annunciation, either audible or visual or both, that alerts an operator to

an abnormal condition, which can require corrective action.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.2].

NOTE 2 An abnormal condition detected by a device or controller that implements

a rule or logic, specifically designed to look for that condition, e.g. “frost

alarm”.

algorithm 1) ‹BACS› calculation that results in an output by evaluating input variable(s).

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.11].

2) ‹control technology› completely determined finite sequence of instructions by which the values

of the output variables can be calculated from the values of the input variables.

SOURCE [ISO 60050-351].

alphanumeric Character set that consists at least of decimal digits and letters.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.12].

NOTE It is advisable to specify the extent of the character set in each case.

analog Continuous progression of a value with different point-by-point assignment of information.

SOURCE [derived from DIN 19226-5 Regelungstechnik und Steuerungstechnik –

Grundnorm].

analog input Function for handling a measured value via an analog input.

AI SEE input and I/O function.

SOURCE [VDI 3814 Guideline].

analog input/output Part of the hardware pertaining to a control device for measuring or positioning.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.13].

analog output Function for delivering a manipulated variable or setpoint via an analog output.

AO SEE output and I/O function.


analog value Information containing a numerical represented quantity.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.14]

9

application A set of functions that, together, form a logical unit supporting a process.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.15].

NOTE 1 A BACS supports many different applications.

NOTE 2 A set of a user’s information processing requirements.

SOURCE [ISO 8649].

application object Object located within the BACS device’s application process.

CROSS-REFERENCE object type.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.16].

SEE object.

application-specific Customized device fulfilling the requirements of a specified application.

controller SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.17].

ASC NOTE In BACS, a controller is any device capable of controlling/automation and

possibly monitoring other devices and units.

architecture ‹BACS› structure and means by which components and devices of a system are connected to inter-

communicate.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.18].

automation level The logical level on which the supervisory and processing functions for plant automation are

performed. This level can also be assigned dialog-oriented operating functions.

Hardware assignment is independent of the logical-functional level.

SOURCE [term is used in experimental standard EN V 13321-1].

SEE field level and management level.

10

backup 1) ‹data processing› process to copy/export data to the data storage of an external backup device

to retrieve and restore this data in case of a storage fault. The copy is referred to as backup

copy.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.21].

2) ‹general› supporting services.

backup power operation Operating mode using reserve power supply systems for building operation.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.22].

NOTE The “backup power operation” function as per EN ISO 16484-3 provides a

logic output that can be used to switch items of plant relative to the available

power supply capacity for as long as the backup power is in operation.

BACS application program Software to perform one or more tasks of a BACS.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.23].

BACS function list Spreadsheet list for documentation and summing up BACS functions, defined in Part 3

BACS FL of this standard.

BACS points list SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.24].

(replaced by this definition) ADDITIONAL EXPLANATION

BACS PL The BACS function list represents the application-related, project-specific processing, management

information list (deprecated) and operating functions in their relations to the I/O functions and the components of the field

level, independent of the BACS hardware structure.

The columns are defined in VDI 3814-2 (5/1999) Guideline and in EN ISO 16484-3,

GAEB STLB-Bau 070 (Spec. Text) makes reference to it.

NOTE This list also is referred to as “data points list”, “function list”, or “information

list”.

BACS network Building automation and control system network to exchange information between digital (bi-

nary), analog, and other communication objects in different device.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.25].

basic function Processing of signals by interlock, time, and/or storage functions, whereby interlocks are accom-

plished by AND, OR or NOT functions, and time functions are performed by delay, shortening,

extension and storage functions.

SOURCE [Grundnorm DIN 19237].

NOTE This does not include the I/O or processing functions used in building auto-

mation and control, which are set up and combined on a project-specific

basis.

binary Consisting of two discrete values.

NOTE 1 In automation technology, the values usually assigned to the two discrete

values are the Boolean variables 0 and 1.

SOURCE [IEC (CD) 60050-351 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary].

NOTE 2 Binary coded digital signals are used for inputting/outputting the values of 0

and 1.

NOTE 3 A digital signal with only two information values is a binary coded signal.

B

11

binary output Function used for delivering a switching or positioning command (on/off and pulse

BO width-modulated) via a binary output.

SEE output and I/O function.


binary input Function used for signaling and counting via a binary input.

BI SEE input and I/O function.


NOTE 1 Functions “Event counting” and “Run time totalization “ are part of the

processing functions.

NOTE 2 Automation stations use digital I/O subassemblies for binary signals.

NOTE 3 ATV DIN 18386 (2000) still uses the term “basic functions”, which the basic

standard DIN 19226 T.5 defines differently. For this reason, “basic functions”

should no longer be used for I/O functions in BACS.

binary input/output Hardware pertaining to control devices for state processing or switching.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.27].

NOTE The function is referred to as binary input state and output switching.

binary signal Signal that represents the state (e.g. on/off) of a single binary coded digital information (logic 0

and I). It applies to input and output functions of a BACS.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.26].

NOTE 1 In BACS, a digital value is a variable that represents the value of digitally

coded analog or binary information. It applies to shared/network data points.

NOTE 2 Devices with a number of binary inputs/outputs are often referred to as

digital.

bridge Device that connects two or more segments of a network at the physical and data link layers of the

ISO-OSI basic reference model.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.6].

NOTE This device can also perform message filtering based on MAC layer

addresses.

building Large volume individual fixed structure other than industrial structures, i.e. commercial, industrial,

or commercial.

CROSS-REFERENCE premises.

CROSS-REFERENCE house.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.29].

NOTE BACS can be employed also for other structures, as e.g. house, tunnel, rail-

way, ship.

12

building automation Description for products, software, and engineering services for automatic controls, monitoring

and control and optimization, human intervention, and management to achieve energy – efficient, econo-

BAC mical, and safe operation of building services equipment.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.30].

NOTE The trade designation and the industry branch are also referred to as building

automation and/or building control.

building automation System, comprising all products and engineering services for automatic controls (including

and control system interlocks), monitoring, optimization, for operation, human intervention, and management to

BACS achieve energy-efficient, economical and safe operation of building services.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.31].

NOTE 1 The use of the word “control” does not imply that the system/device is restric-

ted to control functions. Processing of data and information is possible.

NOTE 2 If a building control system, building management system, or building ener-

gy management system complies with the requirements of the EN ISO 16484

standard series, it should be designated as a building automation and control

system (BACS).

building management All services related to the operation and management of buildings including structural and

BM technical properties based on integral strategies. BM is structured in:

– technical building management (TBM);

– infrastructural building management;

– commercial building management.

There are interfaces to area and facility management.

SOURCE [DIN 32736].

CROSS-REFERENCE technical building management.

NOTE A BACS is the essential tool for TBM.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.32].

building services Utilities and installations supplied and distributed within a building such as electricity, gas,

BS heating, water, and communications.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.33].

NOTE Building services comprises all kinds of technical equipment integrated in the

building structure or readily connected technical equipment, usage-specific

equipment and technical equipment installed in outdoor plant as specified in

DIN 276.

building system Networking of system components via an installation bus to form a system in compliance with

technology the requirements of electrical installations that ensures the functions and sequences and their

BST interconnections in a building. The exchange of information takes place directly between the users

to which the functions are assigned.

SOURCE [DIN EN 50090 Home and Building Electronic System (HBES)].

13

bus Communication medium and method between two or more devices with interface for serial data

transfer.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.34].

NOTE 1 A line-form network topology often is referred to simply as a bus.

NOTE 2 A bus is also called a trunk in the US.


IEC 60050-351 defines bus (as a functional unit) as follows:

System for the transfer of data between several participants (functional units for data processing)

via a common transmission path. Participants are not involved in the transfer of data between

other participants. A bus may have a line or a ring configuration.

14

cabling System of cables and connecting hardware that supports the connection of BACS and other

equipment.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.35].

cascade control The output signal or value of a master control loop is used as setpoint input to the slave control

loop(s).

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.36, derived from IEC 60050-351].

change of state Event that occurs when a measured or calculated Boolean or discrete enumerated value changes.

COS CROSS-REFERENCE change of value.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.37].

change of value An event that occurs when a measured or calculated analog value changes by a predefined

COV amount.

CROSS-REFERENCE change of state.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.9].


The objective is the transmission of associated information in the case of relevant changes only,

whereby it is of no importance whether it is binary, digital or analog information. With analog data

points, a relative change of threshold value – the COV (not the “limit value”) – must be defined.

This means that a “value-discrete” transmission and, if required, storage will occur.

Prerequisite for identifying the change is a process pricture in the equipment identifying the

COV/COS.

A dynamic COV/COS is the controllable transmission of information about the change, e.g. for sub-

scribing information for a dynamic display or for trending (according to EN ISO 16484-5).

NOTE In former supervisory control systems, cyclic scanning of the analog inputs in

the outstations and “time-discrete” transmission by cyclic polling of the data

points from the central station was relatively slow.

C

15

Graphic explanation:

Figure 2: Difference between polling/scanning and the COV/COS method using the measuring

function.

SOURCE [COV/COS was introduced in U.S. trade literature in 1984 (see IBM FACN

protocol)].

class A category or rank attributed to entities having the same function as their use but are subject to

quality demands.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.39].

NOTE The entity is the item under consideration defined according to function and

scope.

SOURCE [IEC 60050-351 IEV].

client A system or device that uses another device for a particular purpose via a service request instance.

A client requests a service from a server.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.10].

NOTE The customer (landlord) also is referred to as a client.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.40].

t-3 t-4 t-5 t-2 t-1 t

Progression

Resultingpresentation

No fault

Time-discrete transmission of value (usual SCADA “scan”)

Time

Progression =presentation

DDCthresholdvalue

Value-discrete transmission (COV)

Transmitted values with time stampTime

No transmission when there is

no change

16

closed-loop control System where the output acts upon the process in such a way as to reduce the difference between

the measured value and the desired setpoint value to zero.

CROSS-REFERENCE interlocks, open lool control.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.41].

NOTE The control action describes the control algorithm (i.e. proportional, integral,

derivative) as a relationship between the input value or signal and the output

value or signal of a control function.


DIN 19226-1 defines “closed-loop control” to the same effect as the International Electrotechnical

Vocabulary (IEV IEC 60050-351 Control Technology):

Process whereby one variable, namely the controlled variable, is continuously measured, compared

with another variable, namely the reference variable, and influenced in such a manner as to adjust

to the reference variable. Characteristic for closed-loop control is the closed action in which the

controlled variable continuously influences itself in the action path of the closed-loop.

commissioning The project- and system-specific process of calibrating field devices, testing data points, parame-

ters, functions, and system software – as part of the engineering services according to 3.71 – for

the various functional elements of a BACS application.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.42].

NOTE 1 To take out of commission/to commission: To put a system out of service/into

service for an undefined time.

NOTE 2 Commissioning electrical switchgear and control gear is referred to as

putting into operation or service.

NOTE 3 For automation and IT systems and mechanical plants, commissioning is also

referred to as taking into service, system startup, startup procedure.

NOTE 4 Commissioning reports are proof for the completeness of tasks and work.

communications The transfer of information, in accordance with pre-established protocols.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.43].

communications interface The specification of physical and electrical requirements for the connection components of com-

municating products.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.44].

compatibility Capability of devices of different types and from different manufacturers to operate in a specific

network under the same conditions and rules.

SOURCE [ISO/IEC 2382-1: 1993].

SEE interoperability.

SPECIAL EXPLANATION

SEE electromagentic compatibility/interference and EN 50090-2-3 and 2-3.

compliance Adherence to the requirements of a standard or the necessary consistency between the individual

standards within a family of standards.

SOURCE [ISO/IEC 10746-2].

17

configuration 1) ‹BACS› site-specific information related to physical and functional units, entered during system

engineering that generally does not change once the system is functioning. The result is the

system configuration.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.47].

2) ‹IT› host and target computers, any operating system(s) and software used to operate a

processor.

NOTE IT refers to devices/systems of information technology providing services at

their interfaces.

confirmation A representation of an interaction in which a performing function confirms the completion of

some procedure previously invoked.

CROSS-REFERENCE feedback (variable), checkback (signal).

CROSS-REFERENCE response.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.48].

conformance Fulfillment of specified conformance requirements by a product, protocol, process, or service.

conformity If an incorporated system meets the required specification, this is termed conformance

(conformity).

SOURCE [ISO IEC TR 13233 and ISO Guide 2).

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.49].

control Purposeful action on or in a process to meet specified objectives.

SOURCE [ISO 60050-351].

CROSS-REFERENCE automation.

‹BACS› automatic closed-loop control (3.41) and open-loop control (3.137), interlocks (3.105),

optimization and monitoring (3.124), as well as operating of one or more physical values and

states for operation of building services.

CROSS-REFERENCE building automation and control.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.51].

NOTE 1 The term “control” often is used not only for the process in a control system,

it is also used for the system itself that performs the control functions.

NOTE 2 To automate employs means to enable self-acting functions in a system,

whereas the term “automation” depicts the ready-to-use state.

[Derived from ISO 60050-351, DIN 19233].

NOTE 3 An automation is a self-acting artificial system, the behavior of which is

governed either in a stepwise manner by given decision rules or continuously

by defined relations and the output variables of which are created from its

input and state variables.

SOURCE [ISO 60050-351].

NOTE 4 Control of an operation by human intervention is referred to as manual

control.

18

NOTE 5 The functional areas in control technology differ in the French and German

language as follows:

a) (en) closed-loop control/modulating control, (fr) régulation, (de) regeln,

b) (en) open-loop control/positioning, (fr) controle/commande,

(de) analog steuern/stellen,

c) (en) interlocks, (fr) asservissement,

(de) steuern (Steuerlogik, Verknüpfung),

d) (en) control, (fr) dominer (automisation)

(de) beherrschen (messen, steuern, regeln, leiten).

control diagram Flow diagram representing the procedure, configuration and functionality of a plant for building

process flow diagram services including the instrumentation and functions for a BACS.

(deprecated) SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.52].

piping and instrument

diagram (P&ID) (deprecated)

control function Automatic control loop, open-loop and interlock function for a process.

CROSS-REFERENCE processing function.

control network Connections between controllers, operator stations/panels, programming units, data interface

CN units, and data processing devices (e.g. server stations).

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.20].

NOTE A schematic diagram is shown in Figure 1.

control strategy Diagram and/or software that represents the functional requirements of a BACS application.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.54].

controller Device for regulation and/or logic control as well as monitoring and processing of information,

automation station e.g. temperature, humidity, pressure.

outstation (obsolete) SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.55].

NOTE 1 Digital controllers (DDC) can be subdivided into the following types:

1) Fixed-function controller

as application-specific controller ASC where the manufacturer supplies

one or more fixed control strategies for specific applications.

2) Configurable controller

where the manufacturer supplies one or more configurable control

strategies for specific applications.

3) Programmable controller

automation station where the control strategies can be programmed.

NOTE 2 Outstation was the term for remote multiplexer in SCADA systems without

control functionality (SCADA = Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition).

An outstation with control functionality but without optimization function

was referred to as DDC outstation.

NOTE 3 The use of the word automation/control does not imply that the

device/system is restricted to control functions only. Monitoring and proces-

sing of other information is possible.

NOTE 4 ‹IT› A device that controls the transfer of data between a computer and a

peripheral device (e.g. disk drive, display screen, keyboard, printer) also is

referred to as a controller.

19

counter input Hardware pertaining to a control device for pulse counting.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.56].

cycle time Time associated with one complete operation of a repetitive process.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.57].


‹Generally› speaking, the period of time between the start of two successive, similar, cyclically

reoccuring processes.

‹IT› smallest permissible interval between two addressing processes.

NOTE

a) In the case of storage devices whose contents will be erased when reading, the cycle time also

includes the time for restoring the information.

b) With shift registers: The period of time required for reaching the output constellation.

20

data Data is the formalized, prepared representation of information dedicated to communications, inter-

pretation, or automatic processing.

SOURCE [ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993].

NOTE Data processing is not synonymous with information processing.

data archiving System function used for transferring stored data/information to an external data carrier.

NOTE A copy of data of the complete software and of project-related data for safety

purposes is called “backup copy”.

SEE history and statistics function.

data communication Standardized specification for the exchange of information between application processes in a

protocol BACS and/or between the BACS and other dedicated special systems.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.59].

NOTE 1 Information is transported without interpretation by the building automation

and control network resources.

NOTE 2 There are normative and non-normative protocols.

data interface unit Functional or physical unit for communications between devices of a BACS and devices/systems

DIU in other networks, e.g. to comply with the relevant national standards if connected via public data

networks.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.60].

NOTE 1 The DIU may be of different type, e.g. modem, router, gateway.

NOTE 2 A repeater is not a DIU in this standard.

D

21

data point ‹BACS› an input/output function consisting of all assigned information describing fully the point’s

DP meaning (semantic).

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.61].

NOTE 1 There are physical and virtual data points. A physical data point is related to a

direct or network connected field device within a homogeneous system. A

virtual datapoint can be derived from the result of a processing function, or it

is related to a device within a different system as a shared (networked) data

point.

NOTE 2 The data point’s information includes the present value and/or state and

parameters (properties and attributes), e.g. signal type, signal characteristics,

measured range, unit, and state texts.

NOTE 3 A point address and/or a point mnemonic, referred to as user address, identi-

fies a data point.

NOTE 4 A parameter having its own user address is a virtual data point.

NOTE 5 A BACS FL (function list) enumerates all data points, and outlines and sum-

marizes their functions for a project.

NOTE 6 A virtual data point can represent the derivation of various processing func-

tions to model the behavior of a functional unit, e.g. any type of actuator,

control device or human interface. A virtual data point also can be referred to

as a BACS object. The BACS PL can be used for listing physical data points and

communication objects with focus on engineering elements and for BACS

objects with focus on modeling the process.

NOTE 7 The data point is a historically evolved therm that formerly described only a

physical value or state.

NOTE 8 The term “data point” is also used in the following standards:

IEC 61158 Profibus, Profil GA V2.0 and E DIN ISO/IEC 2382-1:1997.


Parameters of an anlog, physical data point are the following:

Type of signal and signal characteristic, measuring range, unit and state text and system-specific

parameters.

Information, attributes (properties) and parameters can be combined in one object.

A data point address can be assigned either by the system (technical address) or manually as a user

address during the planning process.

A communication object (e.g. as per EN ISO 16484-5) serves for attaining interoperable BACS.

A communication object can be a data point.

data points list SEE BACS function list (BACS FL).

DP list NOTE In certain countries, a data points list only refers to the I/O.

data processing device A digital computer controlled by internally stored programs to perform arithmetic and logical

server station operations on discrete digital data for one or more user(s).

CROSS-REFERENCE server.


22

DDC outstation Term introduced after the outstations started to perform control functions.

ADDITIONAL EXPLANATION:

The term “DDC outstation” no longer satisfied market requirements in terms of functionality when

– in addition to the proper supervisory, measuring and control functions – automation equipment

was capable of performing tasks such as data processing, optimization, data storage, local opera-

tion and observation, etc.

NOTE 1 VDI 3814-2 Guideline of 3/93 introduced the term “automation station”.

NOTE 2 The term “outstation” no longer satisfies today’s technical requirements.

dedicated special system System used for a non-BACS application.

DSS SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.63].

foreign system EXAMPLES Fire alarm system, intrusion detection system, access control system,

elevator control system, or system for maintenance, building and facility

management, industrial automation.

NOTE These systems can be provided for with their own dedicated network.

device 1) ‹BACS› physical product designed, implemented, and installed to perform specified or

programmable functions.

2) ‹electrotechnology› operational equipment.

NOTE As a rule, a device forms a self-contained physical unit in this standard.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.64].

digital Based on numerics (digits).

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.65].

‹IT› method for representation, transmission, and processing of information based on numerics

(digits).

NOTE 1 A digital variable may assume one out of a set of discrete values.

SOURCE [IEC (CD) 60050-351 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary].

NOTE 2 Microprocessor-based devices are often referred to as digital devices.

NOTE 3 In BACS, a digital value is a variable value that represents the value of digital-

ly coded analog or binary information respectively of a binary coded decimal

(BCD) information.

EXAMPLES Networked or shared (communication) data point, BCD time signal.

direct-acting Discrete component of the field level (control panel/control desk) in the form of a switch, setting/

operating element display unit or indication device for direct manual operation of plant and building services equip-

ment without involving any type of automation equipment.

SOURCE [German Master Specification GAEB STLB-Bau 070 Spec.Text].

SEE manual operation and local override (LOR).

NOTE 1 A local override/indication device is used in connection with automation

equipment.

NOTE 2 The term “emergency operation level” or “EMERGENCY” for “emergency ope-

ration” is already used by the European Machinery Directive, where it has a

special meaning. According to that Directive, it may only be used when there

is danger to life and limb in connection with EMERGENCY OFF switching

equipment.

23

direct digital control Control of equipment or plant by means of a digital computer or microprocessor.

DDC SOURCE [DIN 66201-1 Terms and DIN 19225 Fach-Grundnorm].


SEE DDC outstation and controller.

NOTE 1 The controllers used are digital sampling controllers with different algorithms

where – in contrast to the continuous PID algorithm – the sampling time is

considered (calculation based on difference equation in place of differential

equation). The system acts on the switching/actuating devices via digital/ana-

log converters.

Measured values are fed to the comparator of the control function via ana-

log/digital converters.

NOTE 2 Computer-based DDC was introduced around 1965. A central computer pro-

cessing unit performs control functions.

Siemens introduced microprocessors for air conditioning control in 1975

(e.g. INTEL 8080).

Landis & Gyr first used microprocessors for DDC in building automation in

1978.

disabled state State of an item characterized by its inability for any reason to perform a required function.

SOURCE [DIN EN 13306].

NOTE Also refer to failure and fault.

download A particular type of file transfer that refers to the transfer of an executable program, image, or

contents of a database to a remote device where it can be executed.

dynamic display Current states or values of data points displayed on a user interface.

24

electromagnetic Electromagnetic compatibility or interference applies to apparatus which is liable to cause

compatibility electromagnetic disturbance or the performance of which is liable to be affected by such

EMC disturbance.

electromagnetic interference SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.70].

EMI NOTE 1 Apparatus means all electrical and electronic appliances, systems, installa-

tions, and networks containing electrical or electronic components.

NOTE 2 Appliance means a finished product having a direct function, its own enclo-

sure and, if applicable, ports and connections intended for end users.

NOTE 3 System means a combination of several appliances or, if applicable, electrical

or electronic components designed, produced or put together by the same

manufacturer so as to operate together to perform a specific task after pro-

per installation; a system is placed on the market as a single functional unit.

NOTE 4 Installation means appliances, systems, or electrical or electronic compo-

nents interconnected at a given place so as to operate together to perform a

specific task; these parts are not required to be placed on the market as a

single functional or commercial unit.

NOTE 5 Network means a combination of several transmission links connected at

individual points by electrical or optical means as part of an installation,

system, appliance, or component.

NOTE 6 Electromagnetic disturbance means any electromagnetic phenomenon

which is able to degrade apparatus performance; electromagnetic distur-

bance can be electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal, or a change in the

propagation medium itself.

NOTE 7 Electromagnetic compatibility means the ability of an apparatus to function

satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intole-

rable electromagnetic disturbance to other apparatus in that environment.

emergency operation SEE local override (LO).

level (replaced) ADDITIONAL EXPLANATION

The backup operating facility on the field level with manual commands, direct display and the rea-

dy assigned functions “Display, measuring, switching and positioning” serves for restricted opera-

tion or the setup mode of building services plant, independent of the automation equipment and

building automation functions. Safety functions may not be restricted due to the use of local over-

ride.

SOURCE [DIN V 32734 Fach-Vornorm (outdated)].

According to the EEC Machinery Directive, the term EMERGENCY operation may only be used in

connection with appropriate safety functions – with special requirements for the actuating devices

(e.g. colors: red button and yellow background).

SEE direct operating elements and manual operation.

E

25

engineering Project and system-specific services for the system planning process, configuration, and commis-

sioning of the various parts of a BACS.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.71].

NOTE 1 The tasks to perform are, e.g., configuration of the physical and logical

connections and relationships between all items of a system to achieve the

required application.

NOTE 2 ISO/IEC IEC 2382-1:1993 describes engineering as a systematic application of

scientific and technical know-how, methods and experiences for design,

implementation, testing, and documentation of software and devices for a

system.

entity Something having a separate and distinct existence. An identifiable item described by a set or

collection of properties.

equipment Aggregation of functional elements or assembly of components and modules that belong together

device in one physical unit of a plant or in a functional unit of a system.

aggregate SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.73].

apparatus (depecated) NOTE 1 From a control point-of-view, these are e.g. the components and modules

of a control device.

NOTE 2 From the process point of view, these are e.g. a boiler, a chiller, a pre-heater,

a humidifier, a fan.

The components are in this case e.g. a heating coil, control valve, preheater

pump, sensor.

These are made up of subcomponents, i.e. parts and elements such as

actuator, variable speed drive, motor protection feature.

event A change of state or value detected for processing and/or reporting.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.74].

CROSS-REFERENCE state message.

NOTE The meaning (value) of an event represents the physical or logical state of a

device or equipment.

EXAMPLE Operational plant states (on/off), limits (high/low), alarm and fault

conditions.

extra low voltage Operating voltage that is less than AC 25 V or DC 60 V as required.

ELV SOURCE [IEC 60384].

NOTE Extra-low voltage is subdivided into:

a) Protection by extra-low voltage and secure separation of the circuits

(PELV),

b) Safety extra-low voltage (SELV) and

c) Functional extra-low voltage without secure separation of the circuits

(FELV).


Standards DIN EN 50090-2-3 and 2-3 lay down minimum requirements for technical requirements

and functional safety of products for electrical systems used in homes and buildings (HBES).

26

facility management All the services before, during, and after utilization of real estate properties and infrastructure

FM based on a holistic (integral) strategy.

SOURCE [DIN 32736].

NOTE 1 Facility management observes, analyses and optimizes all cost-related pro-

cesses associated with real estate properties. It is a service that does not

belong to the core business of the user of the objects. Facility management

can be subdivided as follows:

a) Strategic services that focus on guidance and decision,

b) Administrative services that focus on handling, organization and

planning.

SOURCE [Guideline GEFMA 100].

NOTE 2 building management is a partial field of facility management during the

usage phase.

NOTE 3 Sometimes, the term “facilities management” is used.

failure The termination of an item’s ability to perform a required function.


NOTE 1 After a failure, the item has a fault, which can be complete or partial.

NOTE 2 “Failure” is an event, as distinguished from “fault”, which is a state.

NOTE 3 “Failure to danger” is any failure in the system, or in its power supply that

generates a hazardous situation (state).

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.77].

fault The state of an item characterized by its inability to perform a required function, excluding inability

during preventive maintenance or other planned actions, or due to a lack of external resources.


NOTE 1 A fault is often the result of a failure of the item itself, but can exist without

prior failure.

SOURCE [IEV 195-04-25].

NOTE 2 In the field of machinery, the English term ‘fault’ is commonly used in accor-

dance with the definition in IEV 191-05-01, whereas the French term

“défaut” and the German term “Fehler” are used rather than the terms

“Panne” and “Fehlzustand” that appear in the IEV with this definition.

NOTE 3 The terms “fault”, “failure” (for a physical inability to perform) and “error”

(for mistake or mismatch) are often used synonymously.

F

27

feedback (variable) 1) A feedback variable is the value of the controlled variable from the measuring equipment to the

checkback (signal) comparing element of the controlling system to generate the error variable.

SOURCE [IEC 60050 351].

2) ‹BACS› value of a manipulated variable fed back to the controller input to achieve a certain

transfer function behavior.

3) ‹BACS› a checkback signal is to confirm that the commanded equipment has changed its state

or value.

CROSS-REFERENCE a) confirmation.

CROSS-REFERENCE b) answer.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.79].

NOTE 1 Checkback applies to the command failure algorithm of the command

execution check function.

NOTE 2 The analog input measuring function is used for feedback of positioning

actuators.

NOTE 3 Feedback and checkback often is referred to as readback.

field level This is the logical level to which the physical connection from and to a plant section for the

FL required information and action concerning the operating state and measured value of the

technical process is assigned.

SOURCE [experimental standard EN V 13321-1].

NOTE 1 Hardware assignment is independent of the logic-functional level. If

required, field devices can also perform processing functions or manage-

ment functions.

NOTE 2 Safety functions with wired interlocks can be performed by the hardware of

the field level.

NOTE 3 The terms “sensor-actor level” and “process level” are not used in building

automation.

SEE automation level and management level.

field device Physical connection from the input/output interface of a controller to an item of plant, thereby

providing the necessary information or action for the conditions, states, and values of the process.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.80].

EXAMPLES Sensor and actuator, coupling unit, local override/indication device, switch

and indication light, operator panel, local monitoring and control device,

room device/knob.

SOURCE [DIN 19225 and DIN 19226, Grundnorm DIN ISO 43760, VDMA Einheitsblatt

24191 Dienstleistungen].

field network Communications connection between actuators/sensors and room devices with control devices.

FN SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.81].


28

flow coefficient Coefficient for mass flow of liquids through a valve at defined operating conditions and when the

Cvs stroke has reached 100%.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.82].

NOTE 1 The Cv (Cvs) value is determined as the mass flow in m3/h at the density of

1000 kg/m3 at 5 to 50 °C for a pressure drop of 100 kPa across the valve.

SOURCE [IEC 654-1].

NOTE 2 A unique procedure to measure the mass flow capacity is determined in

IEC 543-4.

format A defined arrangement of data.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.81].

function 1) ‹BACS› effect of programs and parameters on automatic control and information for manage-

ment and manual operation.

2) ‹IT› a specific purpose of an entity (3.72) or its characteristic action performed by a device.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.84].

SEE entity.

NOTE 1 Function is a program unit that delivers exactly one data element, which can

be a multiple value (i.e. an array or a structure). Functions can be operands

in a program.

SOURCE [IEC 1131-3:1993].

NOTE 2 In BACS, functions are also referred to as I/O and processing functions (for

automation or supervision, control and optimization) and management and

operating functions.

NOTE 3 In BACS, functions often are referred to as control functions, I/O, processing,

optimization, management, and operator functions. Listed in the BACS

points list for a specification of work, they comprise (if required) the com-

plete operational engineering service according to 3.71 for a defined func-

tion in a project (see Part 3, annex A, of this standard in EN ISO 16484-3).

NOTE 4 If specified, protective measures can be provided by safety functions. Safety

is achieved by reducing the risk to a tolerable level. The use of the word safe-

ty as descriptive adjective should be avoided. It is recommended, if possible,

to replace the word safety by an indication of the objective, e.g., frost protec-

tion sensor or interlock (function), dry run protection (function), protective

function for (…).

SOURCE [ISO/IEC GUIDE 51:1999].


For the configuration and documentation of the required automation solutions, input/output,

processing, management and operating functions are to be interconnected by with the help of

technical tools.

Project-specific functions contain:

– The technical clarification of the project task as specified in the planning documentation;

– Setting up of planning for installation and workshop (specifications);

– Definition of addresses, parameters, interfaces and modes of operation;

– Technical handling and input of addresses, characteristics, measuring ranges, units and decimal

places, and input of program sections/programs and their associated parameters, commissio-

ning, tests and documentation.

SOURCE [German Master Specification GAEB STLB-Bau 070 Spec. Text].

29

function block Graphical representation of software for a function block type used in a function block diagram as

a program element consisting of a data structure divided into input, output, and internal variables.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.85].

function block diagram One or more networks of interconnecting graphically represented functions, function blocks, data

elements, labels, and elements.

SOURCE [IEC 1131-3:1993].

NOTE Label describes an element of a textual programming language consisting of

an instruction with operation part, operand part, (if applicable network) and

comment.

function block – type A graphical representation of a program element consisting of a data structure divided into input,

output, and internal variables, symbolized primarily by a rectangle in which the functional rela-

tionship between the input and output variables is given for use in a function block diagram.

SOURCE [IEC 1131-3].

30

gateway A device that connects two or more dissimilar networks, permitting information exchange between

them.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.21].

NOTE A gateway function performs any necessary or possible protocol translations

for information exchange in all layers of the ISO-OSI Basic Reference Model.

global ‹BACS› pertaining to all devices or nodes on a communication internetwork.

general SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.22].

NOTE 1 Internetwork is a set of two or more networks interconnected by routers.

In a BACS internetwork, there is exactly one message path between any two

nodes.

NOTE 2 There are BACS with global data points within their configuration. In the case

of combined and respectively integrated heterogeneous systems, this can be

shared data points.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.89].

graphic/plant diagram Functional, static presentation of building services plant or of a building section with color symbols

or pictures for use on operating and monitoring equipment.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-3].

NOTE 1 In the context of VOB/C DIN 18386, graphic/plant diagram (VDI 3814) as a

project-specific function is a partial service in the performance list.

NOTE 2 For definition of diagrams, also refer to VDI 3814-4 and EN ISO 16484-2,

3.52.

G

31

hazardous state State of an item assessed as likely to result in an injury to persons, significant material damage, or

other unacceptable consequences.


heterogeneous system System characterized by using components having different behavior due to products of different

make and type, different communication protocols, and engineering tools relative to the overall

functionality.

CROSS-REFERENCE homogeneous system.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.91].

NOTE 1 Interconnecting a gateway or special software makes possible an integration

(or combination) of heterogeneous systems, if not all functional units or

devices involved conform to the same communications protocol and profile.

This does not mean that 100% interoperability can always be achieved.

NOTE 2 See also open systems interconnection reference model, communications

protocol in Part 5, and system integration in Part 7.

historical data ‹BACS› data that is recorded on a storage medium (3.120) for an undefined time.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.92].

NOTE 1 See medium.

NOTE 2 The data logging performed by storing historical data is referred to as histo-

rical database function.

history in data base SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-3].

SEE historized data.


Function “history in data base” stores status information of input/output and/or processing func-

tions including the date, time of day and address. Storage takes place depending on the storage

intervals that can be parameterized, either event-controlled or based on a change of value that can

be parameterized. Hence, this information is available for statistics purposes and further evaluation

of data.

SEE archiving, statistics function.

Home and Building A data bus system for several applications where the functions are decentrally distributed and

Electronic System interconnected by a common communication process.

HBES SOURCE [DIN EN 50090-2-3].

NOTE A HBES system is designed for use in houses and buildings and their environ-

ment. It can be an integrated subsystem of a BACS.

H

32

homogeneous system ‹BACS› system characterized by components having unique behavior relative to the overall func-

tionality, often by employment of a common unique engineering tool for programming.

CROSS-REFERENCE heterogeneous system.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.93].

NOTE 1 As a rule, a homogeneous BACS consists of products from one manufacturer.

NOTE 2 See also interoperability, open systems interconnection reference

model 3.139, and communications protocol in Part 5.

house A structure designed for lodgings (local dwelling).

CROSS-REFERENCE building.

SOURCE [ISO 6707-1:1989].

human system interface The boundary that represents the point of physical interaction between a human being and the

HSI application platform.

SOURCE [ISO/IEC TR 10000-3:1998 and ISO/IEC TR 14252:1996].

NOTE 1 Also referred to as human/computer interface, HCI (deprecated).

NOTE 2 In the field of machine tools, the user interface often is referred to as man

machine interface, MMI (for BACS deprecated).

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.95].

SEE operator function.

33

individual room/ Control of the physical environment in an area of a building, e.g. zone or individual room.

zone control CROSS-REFERENCE room control.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.97].

NOTE 1 This term is evolving due to the upcoming integration of other technical

services such as electrical installation.

NOTE 2 A zone is a defined area in a building such as a floor, section of a floor or

room, where a form of control can be executed.

information 1) ‹IT› Knowledge concerning an object, a fact, an event, a thing, a process, or an idea, including

a notion; and which, in a given context, carries a particular significance.


NOTE 1 Information processing includes data processing.

2) ‹BACS› a statement about the process value or state assigned to a BACS data point.

EXAMPLE The command ON, the state ON, the measured process value (with unit) are

each an item of information.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.98].

NOTE 2 A BACS data point, object, or function can contain multiple dedicated items

of information.

information list SEE BACS function list.

(replaced)

information point This term is not officially defined and has different meanings.

(deprecated) SEE information, data point, address.


Analogously, the “information point” was included in the data point and communication object as

an attribute or property.

Example: In a BACS data point or communication object, the following parameters or properties

can contain a mixture of data, functions and attributes for presenting information:

– Actual value for a measurement, or the operating, fault/alarm state, or a feedback signal;

– Nominal value for a setpoint, switching or positioning command;

– Operating mode in the case of plant (Local/Remote/Auto/Hand and Stage I/II, etc.);

– Operating modes for room automation: Comfort, Pre-Comfort, Economy, Protection) – see

Annex A;

– Time of state change;

– Access priority;

– Summation of on times, downtimes and number of switching cycles;

– Validity information;

– Specified meaning as identification and/or text;

– Technical and/or user addres.

34

initialization The process of establishing a known state, usually from a power-up condition.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.99].

NOTE Initialization can require re-establishment of a node’s logical or physical

address.

input/output 1) Function comprising the processing of a value or signal from a sensor or for an actuator of the

I/O plant to be controlled. This function also provides specific state/value information for a data

point to system users.

SEE analog value, binary signal.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.96].

NOTE An I/O function is a shared I/O function if it is contained within a separate

system or device and its information is communicated to or from a distinct

system for common use.

2) Physical module.

SEE analog input/output, binary input/output, output.


I/O functions are used for the preparation of information that is to be transmitted, or for the control

of physical outputs.

They contain the software, planning and commissioning capabilities for identifying the state and

the value of inputs of automation equipment.

Ready-to-operate I/O functions include the user address, for example, the characteristic and the

range of measuring devices, units, state texts, designation texts and parameters and their tests,

instructions and documentation.

SOURCE [German Master Specification GAEB STLB-Bau 071 Spec. Text].

NOTE The terms “basic functions”, “physical basic functions” and “information

points” should no longer be used.

SEE data point, analog input/output and binary input/output.

installation Physical delivery and connection of mechanical, electrical, and communication services within a

building.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.100].

integration ‹BACS› specific processes and procedures to implement intersystem communications between

different systems/units/devices.

CROSS-REFERENCE interoperability.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.101].

NOTE 1 Integration includes processes for dedicated special systems and applica-

tion-specific controllers with an integrated communication interface.

NOTE 2 Integration of heterogeneous BACS is distinct from system combination,

the implementation however is referred to as system integration.

35

integrity The ability of an application to function as designed within a BACS.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.102].

interface Functional or physical unit as a defined interconnection between a device/system to another

device/system or a person.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.103].

EXAMPLES This standard describes the following interfaces for BACS:

a) Communications interface (e.g. communication controller),

b) Data interface unit (DIU),

c) Human-system interface (HSI) and graphical user interface (GUI),

d) Physical I/O interface, e.g., interface module.

interface standard Standard that specifies requirements concerned with the compatibility of products or systems at

their points of interconnection.

SOURCE [ISO/IEC Guide 2].

NOTE 1 Specific applications and functions as well as profiles are represented in

interface standards above the ISO/OSI reference model that presents the

general basis for communication protocols.

NOTE 2 It is possible and permissible to structure protocols in interface standards so

that individual layers of the ISO/OSI Reference Model are unused.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.104].

interlocks Programmable logic for a control sequence that links one equipment to another by means of

Boolean logic and on/off actions.

CROSS-REFERENCE closed-loop control, open-loop control.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.105].

NOTE Boolean data is represented as a single binary digit.

interoperability 1) ‹BACS› the capability of devices of different types and from different manufacturers to ex-

IOP change information, e.g., commands (switching, positioning), via the communications

network.

CROSS-REFERENCE integration.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.106].

36

key 1) ‹communications› sequence of symbols that controls the operations of encryption and

decryption.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.28].

2) ‹hardware› device used to open/close and lock an enclosure/control panel.

3) ‹software› method to open/close a lock to access control capabilities.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.107].

K

37

local 1) ‹BACS› place, located directly at the controlled equipment or in the mechanical equipment

room of a plant.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.108].

NOTE Mostly pertaining to devices for monitoring and manual operation.

2) ‹communications› pertaining to devices on the same network as the referenced device.

local area network Network that links a number of nodes within the same locality.

LAN SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.109].

NOTE 1 In general, LANs offer very fast data communication to directly connect

computers or other devices.

NOTE 2 To interconnect different LANs or to communicate long-distance, e.g.

gateways/routers can be used.

local override/ Interface to field equipment for limited operation independent of the processing unit providing

indication device priority indication, switching, and/or positioning.

LO/ID SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.110].

EXAMPLE For manual operation of fans, valves, dampers, pumps.

NOTE 1 LO/ID are assigned to field devices.

NOTE 2 The functionality is referred to as a local override.


LO (Local override) was previously referred to as “emergency operation”. The European Machinery

Directive with the associated laws and the relevant standards attached special requirements to the

term “emergency”. Due to the definitions given in these laws and standards, these requirements do

not apply to BACS.

logbook 1) operator activity logbook.

2) system activity logbook.

A record book (one or more) or its electronic equivalent where all relevant details of the operation,

the system, its performance, and its maintenance can be entered in a secure manner for subse-

quent retrieval.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.111].

logical interlock SEE interlocks.

long-term event storage Management function assigned to a data point on a project-specific basis, for storing information

of the input and output and/or processing functions in the event of change of state, including date,

time of day, and address. This information is thus available for predefined alarm and status lists for

the display on operator units or for printing reports.


In this context (for the storage process), the terms “archiving”, “history”, “report” and “statistics” are

incorrect.

SEE event.

low voltage Operating voltage between AC 50 to 1000 V or DC 75 to 1500 V.

SOURCE [IEC 60664-1:1992].

L

38

maintenance Combination of all technical, administrative, and managerial actions during the life cycle of an item

intended to retain it in or restore it to a state in which it can perform the required function.


management function Plant- and application- and system-specific software for supervising a BACS, and carrying out appli-

cation engineering.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.115].

NOTE The data to transmit for management functions are listed in two columns of

the BACS PL (see Part 3). These are distinct regarding the complexity of data

and application, following the objects and services of the protocol according

to Part 5 of this standard EN ISO 16484-5.


Prerequisite for handling management functions is the definition as to which data points with the

relevant functions, properties and attributes are to be transmitted from and to the different pieces

of management equipment.

The information required for the planning process for integrating BACS with hazard signaling and

alarm systems can also be presented and documented with the BACS function list.

management level This is the logical level to which the management functions required for energy-efficient, economi-

cal and safe building operation are assigned. Here, all information required from the associated

technical building plant is collected. Dialog-oriented operating functions can also be assigned to

this level. Assignment of hardware is independent of the logical-functional level.

SEE field level and automation level.


The pieces of equipment and programs of the management level are used to make the decisions

on operational management, overriding supervision (distribution of information) and optimization

of equipment and plants. The decisions can be made by interventions of operating staff or param-

terized application programs.

management network Connection between operator stations and data processing devices, e.g. server stations,

MN programming units, peripheral devices.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.116].


manual operation Acting on the process with the help of automation equipment.

SOURCE [DIN V 32734].

NOTE 1 Manual operation as an intervention by humans (DIN 19222 Abs. 4.13) is not

assigned to any level.

NOTE 2 In the application program, a manual intervention is included in the selected

operating mode and is made on a dialog-oriented basis, independent of the

location of the operating equipment.

NOTE 3 Non-dialog-oriented manual operation takes place through ready assigned

operating equipment, such as control buttons or switches that act indirectly

on input functions.

NOTE 4 Local priority operation serves for unrestricted operation, independent of

automation equipment and direct operating elements with discrete compo-

nents such as switches, setting/indication devices and LEDs.

SEE local override/indication device and emergency operation level.

M

39

mean operating time Mathematical expectation of the operating time between failures.

between failures SOURCE [DIN EN 13306].

MTBF NOTE Also refer to mean operating time between maintenance (MTBM).

mean operating time Mathematical expectation of the operating time between two preventive service actions.

between maintenance SOURCE [DIN EN 13306].

MTBM NOTE Also refer to mean operating time between failures (MTBF).

measuring device Term used in GAEB STLB-Bau 070, Spec. Text.


Field device in the form of a sensor used to acquire a physical variable by means of its sensing

element which is then converted to an electrical analog or digital signal.

SEE sensor.

mechanical ‹BACS› location-related consolidation of data points to one or more control devices, for structured

equipment room presentation of BACS requirements in the BACS function list.

set of controllers SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.119].

EXAMPLES Basement MER, Penthouse MER.

NOTE 1 The examples Basement MER or Penthouse MER describe rooms where the

building service’s equipment (e.g. AHU) is installed.

NOTE 2 The structuring by MER should generally be left to the vendor to select the

mix of large and small devices appropriate to the control/monitoring tasks to

be performed. However, it is recommended that a single large piece of equip-

ment or a plant, for example, an air handling unit, be controlled by a “single”

controller to prevent control problems in the case of a network failure.

NOTE 3 A MER can comprise several sets of controllers/automation stations.

medium A physical substance or the environment, which is the object of a particular task.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.120].

NOTE 1 ‹BACS› the physical substance (e.g. water, air) controlled.

NOTE 2 ‹communications› a physical transmission entity that conveys signals, named

transmission medium. Often referred to as medium only. Typical media are

twisted-pair wires, fiber optic cable, and coaxial cable.

NOTE 3 ‹IT› storage medium, the type of device that stores data in a non-volatile

manner. Often referred to as medium only.

menu A list of options for selection by the operator

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.121].

message delay Function to disregard any action from an input change-of-state for further action unless the

input signal is sustained for a pre-set time.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.122].

NOTE Referred to as change-of-state delay.

40

message suppression Function to inhibit the propagation of an input change-of-state according to defined criteria

under consideration of parameters.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.123].

NOTE Referred to as change-of-state suppression also.

model SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.46].

NOTE This device/unit amplifies and regenerates signals in a network to extend the

range of transmissions between medium attachment points.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.169].

monitoring ‹BACS› system activity performed automatically, intended to observe the actual state of an item

and annunciation of a defined deviation from the normal state as a state message about the event.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.124].

monitoring and SEE operator station/panel.

operator unit

MOU

41

network 1) ‹BACS› a set of one or more segments interconnected by bridges having the same network

address.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.126].

2) ‹IT› assembly consisting of nodes and the branches that link the nodes.

SOURCE [ISO 2382-18].

NOTE Network segments interconnecting devices are, e.g., nodes, bridges,

routers, gateways.

network architecture Method by which a network is structured:

a) From the point-of-view of the arrangement of its components.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.127].

EXAMPLES Architecture in the shape of a star, a ring, a line (bus), hierarchical, matrix,

and free topology.

b) From the point of view of its functions.

EXAMPLES Client-server architecture, allocated and distributed.

c) From the point of view of its dimensions.

EXAMPLES Local area network (LAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), wide area net-

work (WAN).

network-powered device A device that derives its power from the network or bus (differentiated from a mains powered

device).

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.128].

node 1) ‹BACS› the point where an addressable device is connected to the communications medium.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.129].

2) ‹IT› in a network, the point at the extremity of a branch.

SOURCE [ISO 2382-18].

normally closed contact Contact that is closed when no power is applied to the relay.

NC contact SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.130].

normally open contact Contact that is open when no power is applied to the relay.

NO contact SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.131].

N

42

object 1) ‹BACS› set of data with associated functions applicable to it.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.132].

2) ‹IT› a model of an entity.


object type A generic classification of data defined by a set of properties.

CROSS-REFERENCE application object.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.133].

NOTE BACS object types (3.133) for achieving interoperability (3.106) are specified

in Part 5.

online Operating in direct connection to the data processing.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.135].

online help Provides usage of help information in real time from each application program.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.135].

SEE online.

open-loop control Mode of action where one ore more measured inputs controls the outputs without any influence of

feedback from the process.

CROSS-REFERENCE closed-loop control, interlocks.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.137].


DIN 19226-1 defines open-loop control to the same effect as the International Electrotechnical

Vocabulary (IEV IEC 60050-351 Control Technology):

Process in a system whereby one or more variables as input variables influence other variables as

output variables in accordance with the proper laws of the system. Characteristic for open-loop

control is the action path, or in case of a closed action path, the fact that the output variables

being influenced by the input variables are not continuously influencing themselves and not by the

same input variables.

O

43

open system System characterized by using components from different manufacturers using the same public

available protocol as defined in, 1) and 2)

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.138].

NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO/IEC 2382-26: 1993.

NOTE 2 Also see heterogeneous system in 3.91 and homogeneous system in 3.93.


The word “open” is often misinterpreted. For this reason, IEEE 1003.0 (1990) gives a definition of

the key features of open systems:

a) Interoperability of systems and applications, to ensure that partial systems of different suppliers

can be used and that existing systems can be extended,

b) Portability of applications, to ensure protection of user investments by optional transfer of

existing software to a new hardware base,

c) Uniform interface (consistency of interface), allowing the user to increase productivity by

reducing training to the technical part of the application and by avoiding operating errors.

The requirements are met by adhering to standards and defacto standards in the field of interfaces,

services and formats in compliance with the following conditions:

– They are public;

– They are subject to further development through open consensus;

– They are compatible with International Standards.

operating mode ‹BACS› basic designation of a particular mode (among various modes) of plant operation where the

controller maintains the preset condition.

CROSS-REFERENCE operating state.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.141].

EXAMPLES Boost mode, occupancy mode, comfort mode, economy mode, night setback

mode.

NOTE Also refer to state and status.


See Annex A, “New definitions of operating modes used in room automation”.

operating state Currently active state of a plant or equipment, normally as a result of an active operating mode.

CROSS-REFERENCE operating mode, state, status.


NOTE The physical operating state is independent of the operating mode, as the

operating mode can be overridden by local manual intervention or remote

operation.

operating system Software to control program operation and to provide the services for resource allocation, task

scheduling, I/O control, and data management.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.140].

open system Description of the 7-layer model for open communication.

interconnection SOURCE [ISO 7498-1:1994].

reference model

ISO-OSI Basic Reference Model

44

operator authentication The corroboration that the operator logging on to a device is identified as the entity claimed.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.37].

operator function Plant/application-specific function for a human system interface to operate the plant(s) via the

BACS, spanning all operational levels, i.e., graphic, dynamic display, remote messaging, local

operation.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.144].

NOTE A local override/indication device according to 3.110 is not an operator

function and not a function according to 3.83.

operator station Sum of devices for a user to interface with the operator functions and management functions of

operator panel a BACS for plant supervision.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.145].


In terms of operation, the following differentiation is made:

a) “on site” on the field device,

b) “on site” on the control panel,

c) “locally” on the automation equipment,

d) “locally” detached,

e) on management equipment,

f) “remote” via telecommunication.

optimization function Function contained in EN ISO 16484-3, aimed at reaching the most favorable value (either the

highest or lowest possible) of the performance criterion while giving consideration to all condi-

tions.

SOURCE [DIN 19236 Grundnorm].


Optimization functions of BACS do not only represent a service for setting up the system but are a

tool for continuous activities in connection with the operation of building services plant, provided

the qualified operator is authorized to access both statistical evaluations for making data analyses

and all the required parameters in the system.

Suboptimal events occur when neglects are agreed upon. The objective associated with the opti-

mization task is dependent on the point of view and the competency of the person making the

decision.

A differentiation is made between parameter optimization for operation and structural optimiza-

tion for the configuration.

In addition, the following types of optimization are used in control technology:

a) Static optimization when, for example, constant flow processes are to be observed,

b) Dynamic optimization when, for example, the overall losses are to be considered; this over-

riding optimization is a function of dynamic optimization.

output 1) function.

SEE analog value (3.14), binary signal (3.26), input/output, I/O.

2) physical module.

SEE analog output, binary output.

45

peer-to-peer Communications model in which each peer entity has the same capability and either entity can

initiate a communication session.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.147].

NOTE Entities within the same layer of the ISO-OSI Basic Reference Model.

SOURCE [ISO 7498].

peripheral device ‹computer› any equipment controlled by a certain computer and communicating with it.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.148].

EXAMPLE Input/output device , i.e. VDU terminal, printer, external storage device.

planning The technical, economical and organizational work required to reach the objective of a project.

SEE technical handling.

SOURCE [EN ISO (WD) 16484-7].


Organizational work also includes the technical clarification, configuration, ordering, mounting,

commissioning, testing, instructions and documentation.

Prerequisite for planning a project is that the objective of the project is clear to all parties involved

it. This includes the consulting engineer (planning engineer), BS and BACS companies, owner and

operator, and covers both technical and general contractual aspects.

plant Physical unit for a comprehensive process including the dedicated functional unit for control.

CROSS-REFERENCE system.

EXAMPLES Heating plant, ventilation plant, air conditioning plant, chiller plant, sanitary

installation, or electrical installation.

NOTE 1 A plant can consist of several partial plants that are assembled from equip-

ment, units or aggregates (e.g. boiler), devices, modules, components, and

elements.

NOTE 2 The definition indicates plant as a physical unit, and system as a functional

unit.

point-to-point Serial communication via virtual direct connection between DTEs (Data Terminal Equipment).

communication CROSS-REFERENCE point-to-point connection.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.151].

EXAMPLE Connection via ISDN [CCITT Rec.I.140, A.2].

point-to-point connection Communication via direct connection between two devices.

CROSS-REFERENCE point-to-point communication.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.152].

EXAMPLE Connection via CCITT V.24/V.28/EIA RS 232C [CCITT Rec.I.140, A.2].

positioning actuator Field device as physical unit consisting of an actuating drive and the related final controlling

element.

CROSS-REFERENCE actuator.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.153].

NOTE 1 A positioning actuator can be equipped with a positioner.

NOTE 2 Also refer to switched actuator in 3.185.

P

46

process ‹BACS› specific method to treat media (e.g. water, air, electric power) in a plant for building

services.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.154].

processing function ‹BACS› function comprising engineering service for defined application software and parameters

for monitoring, interlocks, closed-loop and open-loop control, and optimization of building

services.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.155].

CROSS-REFERENCE control function.

NOTE Processing functions are the main section of the BACS function list and are

specified according to 3.2 in Part 3, clause 5.5, examples are given in Part 3,

annex B.

Also refer to VDI 3814-4:08-2003, building automation data points lists and functions – examples.

profile ‹BACS› communication object with object classes and properties for application and device-specific

distinctions, which identify chosen classes, subsets, options and parameters, conforming to the

protocol standard, necessary to accomplish a particular function for a specific application.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.156].

NOTE 1 A profile is a part of the respective standard, or it is created and published by

the relevant organization.

NOTE 2 For each different application the profile to implement is distinguished by its

version number.

NOTE 3 Profiles refer to applications above the ISO-OSI Basic reference model accor-

ding to 3.139.

program Syntactic unit following the rules of a certain programming language consisting of agreements

and instructions or commands, necessary to carry out special functions or to solve a special task or

problem.

SOURCE [ISO/IEC 2382-1: 1993].

programming unit A functional unit used in programming a BACS.

PU SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.158].

NOTE A programming unit may consist of a specialized device or it can be a func-

tion of an operator station or other data processing unit (e.g. server station).

property A particular characteristic of an object type.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.36].

proprietary ‹BACS› within a standardized communications protocol, any extension of or addition to the object

types, properties, private transfer services, or enumerations specified in this standard.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.62].

NOTE Intellectual property rights protected communication protocols are also refer-

red to as proprietary.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.160].

47

proprietary protocol Usually a company-specific communication method, protected by intellectual property rights.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.101].

NOTE Proprietary protocols can be subject to special licensing agreements which

have to be considered.

protocol 1) ‹BACS› output of formatted information from data either on VDU or as a list on a printer,

normally in chronological order.

CROSS-REFERENCE report.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.162].

2) ‹IT› the set of rules and formats regulating the information exchange between the elements of

a system, including the specification of requirements for the application.


NOTE A communications protocol should be structured in layers referring to the

concept of the ISO-OSI – Basic Reference Model in 3.139.

pulsed signal Signal from a device coupled to a sensor or a meter that produces incremental pulses with a defi-

ned value of the measured media.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.163].

48

RAID level SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.117].

Redundant array ADDITIONAL EXLANATION

of independent disks A personal computer PCI/SCSI disk array controller concept defined by UC Berkeley to enhance the

reliability of data on hard disk drives and to reduce the MTBF.

RAID 0: Data stripping, no redundancy.

RAID 1: Drive mirroring/drive duplexing, 100% redundancy, for small systems.

RAID 2-4: Hamming system, byte or block stripping with parity drive – not used.

RAID 5: Block stripping with distributed parity, for high capacity systems.

RAID 10: Mirrored stripping array, for high capacity and high performance.

NOTE A RAID system cannot replace data backup.

real-time The time during which a physical process occurs.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.165].

redundancy An item, the existence of more than one means at a given instant of time for performing a required

function.


remote Pertaining to devices or nodes on a network different from that of the reference device (node).

remote communications SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.44].

NOTE The term indicates an application for remote management/remote operation.

repeater Circuit-breaker pole unit for single- or multistage switching.

switchgear assembly CROSS-REFERENCE switched actuator.

motor control gear SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.186].

report Output of formatted event messages or statistics on a display or a printer.

CROSS-REFERENCE protocol.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.162].

NOTE In BACS, an output of formatted information from data either on VDU or as a

list on a printer, normally in chronological order, in some cases is referred to

as protocol.

resolution Smallest increment of the measured value in the data content or indicated on the meter index.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.170].

NOTE In this standard, resolution applies to analog inputs/outputs, and actuators,

VDUs, printers, for each in its own context.

R

49

response The completion of some procedure previously invoked.

CROSS-REFERENCE 1 confirmation.

CROSS-REFERENCE 2 feedback.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.171] point address.

‹BACS› unique data point identifier within a system used for accessing the point’s information.

CROSS-REFERENCE 1 address.

CROSS-REFERENCE 2 user address, mnemonic.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.150].

NOTE A BACS points list (PL) according to 3.25 can be used to define the point

identifiers or user addresses [mnemonics].

response time Time taken for an action to occur as the result of a requesting or initiating event.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.172].

room control Plant/application-specific devices and functions for single zone or individual room control including

integrated room automation integrated monitoring, interlocks, open and closed-loop control, and optimization of combined

building services such as HVAC&R, lighting, window blinds/shades control, electrical power distri-

bution, and other trades, by communication functions.

CROSS-REFERENCE individual zone/room control.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.173].

NOTE Individual room/zone control according to 3.97 can be a part of integrated

room automation.

room device The human-system interface device for room occupants to influence operation modes and

parameters of the application and or to indicate functions for room control/automation.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.174].

NOTE A room device or setting knob can comprise the room temperature sensing

element.


Setting knob A setting knob is determined only for influencing a HVAC or brightness

setpoint.

router A device that connects two or more networks at the network layer as defined in the ISO-OSI Basic

Reference Model.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.175].

NOTE Typical application is the connection of local area networks.

50

security Any of a variety of procedures used to ensure that information exchange is guarded to prevent

disclosure to unauthorized individuals.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.176].

segment 1) ‹BACS› a delimited part of a message or of a control program (that can be downloaded) too

large to be transferred as a single unit.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.177].

2) ‹communications› in networks, a segment consists of one or more physical segments inter-

connected by repeaters.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.51].

sensor Device or instrument designed to detect or measure a variable.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.178].

NOTE 1 There are passive, active, and binary sensors, also for network connection.

NOTE 2 In BACS, a sensor is a field device for providing the necessary information

(signal) about the physical conditions, states, and values of the processing

functions to enable the processing functions to perform the programmed

operations.

NOTE 3 The term “sensor” does not provide a differentiation between a binary or

analog type. The distinctive feature should be stated, e.g., switch/pushbutton

sensor (binary), thermostat, temperature sensor (analog).

NOTE 4 Sensors also are differentiated by their housing and mounting type (e.g.

surface-mounted type) and by their purpose.

server System, software, or device that responds to a service request instance to provide service for some

particular purpose to a client.

CROSS-REFERENCE data processing device.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.2.62].

site In construction, a clearly defined functional and organizational local area for mounting and instal-

ling the devices.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.21].

EXAMPLE A building or a group of buildings.

S

51

specification Document outlining detailed requirements.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.181].

EXAMPLE Product specification, test specification.

NOTE 1 Specifications are used to define raw materials, in-process materials, pro-

ducts, equipment, plants, and systems.

NOTE 2 A bill of quantities (BoQ) in the field of bid call, award and billing of construc-

tion work forms part of the tender specification. A bid call includes e.g. a

specification of work with a bill of quantities that lists in items the number of

work items.

NOTE 3 Each work item of a specification is considered to be a homogeneous unit for

pricing purposes (based on its technical characteristics). The BACS functions

specified in Part 3, 5.5 are understood as description of such work items.

state ‹BACS› basic description to designate a particular operating state (condition).

CROSS-REFERENCE operating state.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.2].

NOTE Also refer to operating mode and status.

state message 1) Acquisition, transmission and, if required, presentation of information.

2) ‹BACS› designation of a state, or change of state of automation, or of a piece of automation

equipment, primarily for delivering information to humans. The associated signal is referred to

as the state message signal.

SOURCE [DIN 19226-5].

CROSS-REFERENCE event.

NOTE 1 The term “state message” can be preceded by some other word, e.g. “fault

state message”.

NOTE 2 The state message can be delivered either optically or audibly, among other

forms.

statistics program A software program for using data with long-term storage in the history file or data base, or of

archived data of event messages as well as measured and counting values for evaluation and inter-

pretation. The statistics program is an application within the scope of management functions.

NOTE A distinction is made between fault statistics and consumption statistics.

SEE historized data.


Important statistical procedures are the correlation, regression and variance analyses.

Presentations are made with the help of descriptive statistics:

a) Correlation

The correlation calculation offers the advantage that functional interrelationships between

the influencing variable and the consequential variable need not be known in order to draw

valuable conclusions, but it requires in-depth technical knowledge to prevent specious correla-

tions.

b) Regression

In contrast to the correlation, the regression makes a quantitative analysis based on “cause” and

“action”.

52

c) Variance analysis

The variance anyalysis offers qualitative statements to differentiate between important and

unimportant influencing variables. With the simple variance analysis, the variation of individual

measured variables is compared with the variations of the mean values of measured value

series (of certain periods of time). A large deviation of the mean values between themselves

may indicate a special impact of one or several influencing variables.

With the help of the historical data of a BACS, the reasons for certain operating or cost charac-

teristics can be analysed.

d) Descriptive statistics

Descriptive statistics offer straightforward and easy-to-understand graphic forms of presen-

tations.

The following forms of presentation are used in building automation:

– Trend curve (histogram)

Trend curves are simple point-to-point connections of measured values presented on a time

axis.

SEE trend diagram.

– Pie-chart

A circle is subdivided into segments that are proportional to the proportions they represent.

This kind of presentation is often used to depict assignments of quantities or costs, for

instance.

– Frequency-of-occurrence diagram

This kind of diagram is used to show the relative or absolute frequency of states or values

(e.g. control deviations or limit value violations). Extreme states or values are easy to detect;

measurements and observations are independent of time.

– Sum frequency curve

This curve depicts the cumulated relative or absolute frequencies (e.g. from the histogram).

– Bar-chart

As a counterpart to the continuous distribution (histogram), the bar-chart is often used for

depicting discrete distributions (horizontal or vertical bars). If the values are shown on or inside

the bars, the Y-axis is no longer required.

– Skyscraper chart

In contrast to the two-dimensional bar-chart, the skyscraper allows the presentation of additio-

nal measured values on the same time axis.

SOURCE [“Building Control” book, ISBN 3-8169-1115-3].

53

status Description of the specific states an entity can have.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.183].

EXAMPLE In case of break of a sensor conductor strand the analog value is marked

“invalid”.

‹IT› status line for information about the condition of an examined functional unit, e.g., a data

processing system.

NOTE Also refer to state.

stroke Movement of a final controlling element, e.g. from a valve between the two end positions.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.184].


In German language, the word “stroke” is translated as “Hub”; do not misinterpret it as “HUB”.

A HUB interconnects different types of network technologies at the transport layer while transfer-

ring large amounts of data – often using several connection channels simultaneously and with

multiple interfaces.

In the context of the ISO/OS reference model, layers 1 through 4 are crossed in the process.

SEE bridge, DSE, repeater, router, gateway.

supervisory control Monitoring of building services plant, primarily by human intervention.

and data acquisition SOURCE [DIN 19222 (German version of IEC 60050-351)].

SCADA ADDITIONAL EXPLANATION

The term “supervisory control” is extensively used in the fields of industrial automation and process

automation.

In modern digital building automation, the term “supervisory control” as per definition is no longer

adequate since the majority of the processes in building services plant are not controlled by

humans. The transfer to building automation (BA) was made on a large scale after the introduction

of complete homogeneous systems.

supervisory control SEE BACS.

system for buildings ADDITIONAL EXPLANATION

(outdated) After process computers were replaced by PCs and outstations by decentral, networked

automation equipment, the term building automation (BA) was introduced for the com-

plete system.

switched actuator SEE actuator ‹BACS›, actuator ‹HBES›.

CROSS-REFERENCE switchgear assembly.

54

system In its context a given arrangement of functional units such as equipment/devices, elements, and

programs related to each other. Physical units can put functional units into effect.

CROSS-REFERENCE plant.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.187].

NOTE The definition indicates system as a functional unit, and plant as a physical

unit.

system functions Functions of the system-specific application programs that determine the features of the overall

system. Among them are the following:

a) System management and system diagnosis,

b) System self-supervision,

c) Access control,

d) Identification of information,

e) Time administration,

f) Functions for restart and redundancy,

g) Processing of alarm and event messages,

h) History, archiving and statistics functions,

i) Communication functions,

j) Functions of the human/system interface,

k) Functions for technical handling, commissioning and documentation.

SEE basic function.

55

technical building All the services related to operation and management of buildings including structural and

management technical properties:

TBM – operation;

– documentation;

– energy management and optimization;

– information management;

– modernization;

– renovation;

– conversion;

– monitoring technical warranties.

CROSS-REFERENCE building management.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.188].

NOTE A BACS is the essential tool for TBM.

technical building systems Designation for computer applications in BS, such as IT plant to DIN 276, building automation

TBS systems, fire and burglar alarm systems, access control and time acquisition systems, video super-

vision systems (CCTV), pager systems, or CAFM systems for maintenance management.

template Part of a pro forma, which can be used as the basis for developing a complete pro forma.


test Technical operation that consists of the determination of one or more characteristics or perfor-

mance of a given product, material, equipment, organism, physical phenomenon, process, or

service according to a specified procedure.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.190].

three-point control Control function with a three-position output that can assume only three discrete values: zero and

two values with opposite signs. These output values are used to position with two binary signals

providing three control states.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.1].

EXAMPLE

a) Opening, stopped, closing,

b) More, neutral, less,

c) Heating, neutral, cooling.

time stamp The date and time recorded for and accompanying the record of an event or operation.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-5, 3.191].

T

56

topology ‹network› structure of the communication paths between the medium attachment points.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.192].

EXAMPLES Network topology forms are bus, ring, star, and tree.

NOTE 1 The logical topology is the way that the signals act on the network media.

NOTE 2 A network’s logical topology is not necessarily the same as its physical topo-

logy.

transmitter Physical unit that converts an input value into a clear related output value (signal). Measuring

measuring transducer transducers are higher-precision converters.

signal converter NOTE Transmitters often are referred to as (measuring) transducers.

trend log Presentation of a set of measured value(s) over time.

trend diagram SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.194].

SEE statistics program.

NOTE 1 The values are displayed within a timeframe recorded by a fixed time period

or by fixed threshold values (do not confuse threshold value with change of

value in 3.38).

NOTE 2 A trend log with current values is a trend display shown as a curve for the

progress of a value over time.

NOTE 3 A trend log with stored or archived values is a trend history (type of presen-

tation applied to statistical analysis).

two-point control Control method to position an actuator or to switch a plant or device under consideration of a

on/off control preselected setpoint and hysteresis with one signal providing two control states (e.g. on/off,

open/close).

NOTE A functional on-off element is a two-position element in which one of the two discrete

values of the output variable is assigned the value zero.

57

upload The process of transferring an executable program, an image, or a database from a remote device

in such a manner as to allow subsequent download.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.195].

user address ‹BACS› the point address used by an operator at the human system interface.

CROSS-REFERENCE 1 address.

CROSS-REFERENCE 2 point address.

CROSS-REFERENCE 3 addressing system.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.196].

NOTE User address often is referred to as mnemonic.

U

58

valve authority The ratio of the pressure difference across a fully open control valve to the pressure difference

across the entire system including the control valve.

virtual data point Data point derived from a processing function, or as a common (communicating) data point from

virtual information a third-party system.


The former standards VDI 3814-2 (1993) and VDI/VDE 3695-6 described “virtual information”.

“Information” by itself is already virtual. The term “virtual” (Latin-French) denotes “apparent” and

should make clear the difference to real or physical data points.

voltage-free contact 1) Contact of a field device for electrical/metallic isolated binary input.

potential-free contact 2) Contact of a BACS device for electrical/metallic isolated binary output.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.198].

NOTE 1 Voltage-free contacts are often referred to as “dry contacts”.

NOTE 2 A binary signal source is input for BACS functions, e.g. binary input state,

message processing.

A device that connects two or more physical segments at the physical layer as defined in ISO-OSI

Basic Reference.

V

59

watchdog Function that monitors the performance of a software program or other item of a system.

SEE monitoring.

SOURCE [EN ISO 16484-2, 3.199].

NOTE In the event of a program failure, a watchdog function can indicate it and/or

cause a reset to restart the software program.

W

60

Comfort mode Comfort is the operating mode for the occupied room. The room state is in the Comfort range with

regard to temperature and humidity, air quality and movement, brightness and anti-glare protec-

tion as well as noise level.

Economy mode Economy is an energy-saving operating mode for the room if the Comfort operating mode is not

required for an extended period of time. The Economy operating mode uses setpoints which may

deviate from the Pre-Comfort and Comfort setpoints. Changeover to the Economy operating mode

normally is carried out via a scheduler program.

Pre-Comfort mode Pre-Comfort is an energy-saving operating mode for the room. When changing into the Comfort

operating mode, the room state associated with Comfort is reached quickly. The Pre-Comfort ope-

rating mode uses setpoints which may deviate from the Comfort setpoints. Changeover between

Pre-Comfort and Comfort normally is carried out via presence detectors / buttons, or via an associa-

ted room scheduler program.

Protection Protection is an operating mode in which a plant is switched on only to prevent damages to both

building and equipment from cooling down, condensation, frost, and overheating. Changeover to

the Protection operating mode normally is carried out via a scheduler program.

Annex A: New definitions of operating modes used in room automation

61

ANSI American National Standards Institute, an American authority that develops and publishes

standards.

ASCII Standardized code for the presentation of characters in computers. ASCII codes every character

(American Standard using 7 bits. Together with a parity bit, a Byte (8 bits) represents a certain character. This means

Code for Information that ASCII can encode 28–1 = 255 characters: Uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, special and

Interchange) formating characters, e.g.: ETX – End of Text.

assembler language (assembler →name of the compiler, not that of the language)

A machine-oriented programming language in which the operation codes, the addresses and

operands of a command are written in a symbolic (mnemo-technical) form. Programming takes

place at a low machine level, in contrast to high-level languages such as Pascal or Fortran. For this

reason, the command set with the assembler language is dependent on the hardware.

Baud (Bd) Unit of the rate of data transmission (1 Bd = 1/s).

(Note: 1 Bd is not always 1 bit/s).

bit Binary character with the logical states “0” and “1”.

bit-parallel transmission Control characters, address and information are transmitted simultaneously on ready assigned

lines.

bit-serial transmission Control characters, address and information are transmitted in successive order (on a cable, or in a

transmission channel in the case of several simultaneous serial transmissions on one medium).

byte A sequence of 8 bits that are operated upon as a unit.

C Programming language “C” is a block-structured, higher programming language that has many

features of the assembler language. It is very fast, close to the machine and relatively easy to learn.

Like all other higher programming languages, programming language “C” is not tied to a particular

operating system and is suited for universal use. For example, the UNIX operating system is written

in “C”.

code A set of unambiguous rules specifying the manner in which data may be represented in a discrete

form.

compiler Compiler is a translation program that converts a program written in a higher programming

language to machine code, that is, to an object code program that can then be directly executed by

a microprocessor. Since computers cannot directly execute commands of a higher programming

language, they must either be translated by a compiler or processed by an interpreter. Compared to

interpreters, compilers afford much shorter program running times. The disadvantage of compilers

is that they produce more machine codes than a good programmer would require when writing

programs in assembler language. In addition, they usually do not make full use of the capacity

offered by the type of processor used.

Annex B: Computer terms

62

data base system, open Open data base systems are systems whose resources can be accessed via standardized interfaces.

Of course, the question can be raised here what is understood by “openess”. With its seven-layer

model called O.S.E. (Open Software Environment), data base supplier ORACLE has summarized the

conditions as follows:

Layer 1 Compatibility between computers of all major suppliers

(cooperation agreement, OEM agreement with ORACLE)

Layer 2 Independency of hardware architecture,

different lifecycles of software and hardware

(software about 15 years/hardware about 3 to 5 years)

Layer 3 Independency of operating system

Layer 4 Implementation of industry standard applications are based

on internationally accepted industry standards

(standard interfaces for operating system, standard language SQL)

Layer 5 Cooperative processing

Layer 6 Independeny of information resources

Layer 7 Independency of integration models

data model, relational The relational data model offers the most simple structural view of the data models known and

addressed here. A relation is a simple table whose columns are addressed via the column names

and whose lines are addressed via an unambiguous key (primary key). In that case, the data base

consists of a number of relations. The relational data structure does not use any hierarchy, which

means that only linear data sets or segments will be processed. Due to the use of a relational data

model, the applications on the data level are independent to the largest possible extent. Queries

on existing relations can be made in any connections and combinations, and new relations can be

added without having an impact on existing relations. However, the independency of data element

combinations from relations can lead to considerable access problems with the system software

components and the storage devices used.

data word Combination of 16 bits, for example, for simultaneous processing.

diskette Flexible, portable magnetic disk for storing data.

dispatching Processor changeover from one task to another.

editor An editing program, “editor” for short, is designed to receive, store and administer text. In connec-

tion with personal computers – especially when used for processing text – the editing program is

probably the software most often used (apart from the operating system).

EPROM A storage chip that holds its memory until erased by ultraviolet light. It can then be reprogrammed.

(Erasable Programmable

Read Only Memory)

firmware System and microprograms of a supplier that – as hardware components – cannot be changed by

the user.

63

floppy disk Magnetic disk storage; device for loading and storing programs (both are copy processes).

foreground/background Operating mode in which data are entered in the “foreground”, for example, and where, at the

processing same time, the computer performs other tasks in the background.

hamming distance “d” Measure of error safety of a code. The value indicates the number of positions a code word must

change to be converted to another code word. For example, hamming distance d=4_ means that

up to three errors are detected in a code word. With four or more errors, the code word will be

converted.

hardware All devices of a system.

hierarchical data model The hierarchical data model is based on the principle that data processed for an application consist

of basic application data and other data that depend on them. This is the case when processing a

customer order, for example. There may be several customer orders that are clearly assigned to a

specific customer or that are dependent on the customer.

interrupt To cope with the great differences in processing speed between the central processing unit and the

peripheral devices of the computer, there are special channels that can be programmed and that

serve the peripheral devices. The channel programs are called up by the program of the central

processing unit. When their partial task is completed, they generate an interrupt in the central pro-

cessing unit. This means that the current program will be stopped and control is passed on to the

supervisor. The supervisor then decides on the program with which to continue. The information

required to make the decision is taken from the programs status words (PSW). Each interrupt gene-

rates such a status word which contains all technical data pertaining to an interrupt.

interrupt handling Identification of each interrupt signal (program, I/O) and triggering further actions (e.g. start of a

new program or continuation of I/O transfer).

multiuser system A computer conceived as a multiuser system allows connection of several terminals that enable

several users to work with the computer practically simultaneously. Multiuser systems use a certain

type of (operating) software that controls the transfer of data to the mass memories connected to

the computer, disables certain sectors of the working memory, or assigns part of the working me-

mory to each user, allocates the individual peripheral devices to the users, controls the sequence of

individual programs, etc.

multiplex channel A multiplex channel is capable of compiling data of a large number of slow peripheral devices,

transmitting them and correctly allocating them to the central processing unit.

multitasking operating A method that enables several programs to run practically simultaneously. Multitasking is based on

system the fact that the central processing unit with its control functions is relieved of channel and device

control owing to the use of additional control devices. A running program will be interrupted when

an input or output is required. During that period of time, channel and device control monitor the

processes of input and output, which are slow in comparison with the processing speed of the cen-

tral processing unit. This enables the central processing unit to control another program during the

interruption. The order in which the individual programs are handled depends on priorities that,

among other things, can be calculated from the proportion of interrupt time.

64

online data processing Several users can use in parallel (practically simultaneously) and independently the different pieces

of equipment of a data processing system.

parity check Complement of a code word by a check bit, e.g. to an odd number of “2” signals.

RAM A computer’s primary working memory. Memory with random access, write/read memory;

(Random Access Memory) memory chip from which data can be read and into which new data can be written. Stored data

can be changed. Data are accessed by giving the address. Working memories are made up of RAMs.

real time clock Clock that delivers the time of day and/or the calendar date.

real time application Operating mode of data processing where the time of processing is determined by the task itself.

(real time = time of day) Real time operating systems enable tasks to be executed within a predefined period of time. Each

task is handled based on requirements and priorities. Due to the concurrence of event, acquisition,

input and processing, the stored data are always updated.

release The term is often used in connection with operating systems or programming languages and

denotes a certain version of a program that has been released (tested) by the supplier.

reliability Failure and breakdown of computer hardware, logic errors in the operating system software and

abnormal behavior of user programs adversely affect the operational readiness of computers. The

overall capability of the operating system to adequately respond to such events is called reliability.

The components that make a system reliable are correctness (functionally correct), robustness

(safe against false operation) and tolerance (always ready to operate while ensuring minimum

functionality).

ROM A memory chip that continuously stores instructions and data. ROMs are delivered ready

(Read Only Memory) programmed. The user can neither erase nor change its content and it cannot be lost. Frequently

used programs are partly contained in ROMs or are supplied in the form of ROMs that the user then

integrates into his system.

single-user system Single-user systems are conceived as autonomous systems that do not permit the connection of

other workplaces (terminals or computers).

SOAP Basically, an IP protocol to control (trigger and verify) remote software processes.

(Simple Object Access

Protocol)

software In general, software is the term used for programs no matter if they are user, auxiliary or system

programs, operating systems, or language versions. Together with the software, the hardware

produces an operational computer system.

65

spooling Spooling is a buffer technique that uses a background storage as an intemediate storage for input

and output of task streams. Entry of a spooling task can take place any time before it is executed.

It can be output later when subsequent spooling orders are handled. At the same time, spooling

orders can be handled in accordance with their priorities, and not only in the order they are recei-

ved. This allows a steady stream of input, calculation and output.

telegram Coded pulse sequence for the transmission of the address and information.

time-sharing Operating mode of a data processing system that enables a large number of users to use the

operating system system practically simultaneously. In that case, each individual user uses the system as if it was

exclusively available to him for the respective period of time. The real time to be assigned by the

central processing unit (control unit) is subdivided into small time sections and made available to

the users in consecutive order. The resolution is so small that the user does not notice the inter-

ruptions that occur. Sophisticated time-sharing operating systems such as the TSO (Time Sharing

Option) from IBM or the BS 2000 from Siemens allow several hundred users to work simulta-

neously.

UPnP Method used for the straightforward integration of devices or equipment with the help of a

Universal Plug ‘n Play personal computer or between the individual devices or pieces of equipment.

(Microsoft)

utilities Utilities are programs that are neither part of the operating system nor part of the user software.

Utility examples are programs that are used for formating diskettes, printing files, etc. With some of

the operating systems, utilities are already integrated so that they become part of the operating

system while other operating systems use them as real auxiliary programs.

virtual storage This is a catchword used in the descriptions of almost all future microprocessor projects. In large

computer systems, the virtual storage has been in use for a long time. It enables the user to work

in a program with an address area that is much larger than the physically available space. When

working with a virtual storage, the software gives no consideration whatsoever to the storage area

physically available – even in the case of address calculations within the central processing unit.

Virtual addresses are used for a considerably larger address area, which are then converted by a

memory management unit into the physical addresses for the storage system.

WSDL Another description language for “self-describing entities” (devices; nodes; services; “objects”; ...)

(Web Services Description UPnP (Microsoft) covers this subject by the combination of:

Language) the “standardized XML formats for self-description” (standardized description content) which can

be accessed with the “Simple Service Discovery Protocol” (SSDP).

66

a) Standardization bodies

AFNOR French Standards Organization

AGI Arbeitsgemeinschaft Industriebau

AMEV Arbeitskreis Maschinen- und Elektrotechnik staatlicher und kommunaler Verwaltungen

ANSI: American National Standards Institute

ARGEBAU Arbeitsgemeinschaft der für das Bau- Wohnungs- und Siedlungswesen zuständigen Minister der

Länder

ASB Associated Body

BACnet Building Automation and Control Network

BMVBW (BMBau) Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau- und Wohnungswesen

BSI British Standards Institution

CCC CENCER – Certification Committee

CDL Comité de Lecture

CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation

TC Technical Committee; WG Working Group; TG Task Group; AG Assemblée Generale;

BT Bureau Technique; SG Secrétaire General

CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CLC)

DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.

DITR Deutsches Informationszentrum für Technische Regeln (Berlin)

DKE Deutsche Elektrotechnische Kommission im DIN und VDE

DVA Deutscher Verdingungsausschuss (erstellt HOAI, VOB, etc.)

DVGW Deutsche Vereinigung des Gas- und Wasserfachs

EOTC Europäische Organization for Testing and Certification

ETSI European Institute for Telecommunications Standards

EU European Union

EWOS European Workshop for Open Systems

FIGAWA Bundesvereinigung der Firmen im Gas- und Wasserfach eV

FND Firmenneutrales Datenübertragungsprotokoll des AMEV (DIN V 32735)

GAEB Gemeinsamer Ausschuss für Elektronik (elektronische Datenverarbeitung) im Bauwesen

(im Bundesbauministerium)

StLB, Standardleistungsbuch, einheitliche Ausschreibungsgrundlage für elektronische Verfahren bei

Ausschreibung, Angebot, Vergabe, Abrechnung

StLB-Bau Dynamische Baudaten, das neue Textsystem (im WWW oder auf CD)

HAA Hauptausschuss Allgemeines im Deutschen Verdingungsausschuss

HAH Hauptausschuss Hochbau im BMBau, Bonn

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IfTG Institut für Technische Gebäudeausrüstung

ISO International Standards Organization

NABau Normenausschuss Bauwesen im DIN

NATG Normenausschuss Technische Grundlagen

NHRS Normenausschuss Heizung und Raumufttechnik im DIN

RAL Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung e.V.

(Dach von 131 Gütegemeinschaften, z.B. RAL-Farben, “Blauer Engel”)

UIT Union Internationale des Télécommunications

VdS Verband Schadenverhütung GmbH (formerly Verband der Schadenversicherer)

VDE Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker e.V.

Annex C: Acronyms and abbreviations used in standardization

67

VDI Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (Association of Engineers)

TGA, VDI-Gesellschaft Technische Gebäudeausrüstung

GMA, VDI/VDE Gesellschaft Mess-und Automatisierungstechnik

VDMA AMG Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau e.V.

Fachgemeinschaft Automation + Management für Haus + Gebäude

(formerly HKG Heizungs-, Klima- und Gebäudeautomation)

WEEB West European EDIFAKT Board

b) Working Groups

AA Arbeitsausschuss, WG (Working Group)

AK Arbeitskreis (similar to Working Group)

LA Lenkungsausschuss (Advisory Group)

JTC1 Joint Technical Committee (at ISO/IEC)

JWG Joint Working Group

SpA Spiegelausschuss (National Shadow Committee)

TC Technical Committee

UAK Unterarbeitskreis (Sub-Working Group)

WG Working Group

c) Standardized documents

DIN EN ISO Nationally adopted European ISO Standard

DIN ISO/IEC Nationally adopted International Standard of JTC1

DIN VDE Deutsche Norm, at the same time VDE-Bestimmung oder -Leitlinie

DIN V ENV Europäische Vornorm (experimental standard for max. 5 years)

EN European Norm

ENV Europäische Vornorm (experimental standard)

HD Harmonization Document

IEC ... CDV Committee Draft for Voting

IS International Standard

ISO/DIS Draft International Standard

ISO/FDIS Final Draft International Standard

ISO oder IEC/TR Technical Report

PAS Publicly Available Specification (may be developed to become a standard)

PNE Présentation des Normes Européennes

prENV Draft of a European preliminary standard

RD Reference Document

TR According to §24 of Gewerbeordnung (replaced by Gerätesicherheitsgesetz)

– for plants requiring supervision:

TRbF Technische Regeln brennbare Flüssigkeiten (z.B. Azetylenverordnung)

TRGS Technische Regeln Gefahrstoffe

TRD Technische Regeln Druckbehälter nach “Dampfkesselverordnung”

TRGI Technische Regeln für Gas-Installationen

TRWI Technische Regeln für Trinkwasserinstallation

ZH Guidelines of Trade Associations

68

Annex D: Acronyms, abbreviations and symbols used in building automation

69

Abbreviation, English term Abkürzung, German term,

symbol Zeichen deutscher Begriff

R / � Resistance in Ohm R in � Widerstand in Ohm

ac Alternating current AC Wechselstrom

ACU Air Conditioning Unit ACU (en) Klimaanlage

AHU Air Handling UnitA AHU (en) Lüftungsanlage

AI Analog Input (analogue input GB) AE Analoger Eingang

AO Analog Output (analogue output GB) AA Analoger Ausgang

AS Automation Station AS Automationsstation (auch Controller)

(also controller, control device)

ASC Application Specific Controller ASR Anwendungsspezifische Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung

(auch Controller)

BAC Building Automation and Control GA Gebäudeautomation

BACS Building Automation and Control System GA-System Gebäudeautomationssystem

BACS FL Building Automation and Control System GA-FL GA-Funktionsliste

Function List

BCD Binary Coded Decimal BCD Binär kodierte Dezimalzahl

BI Binary Input BE Binärer Eingang

BO Binary Output BA Binärer Ausgang

BS Building Services TGA Technische Gebäudeausrüstung

CAV Constant Air Volume CAV (en) Konstanter Luftvolumenstrom

CI Counter Input ZE Zähl-Eingang

CN Control Network AN Automations-Netzwerk

(also AN Automation Network)

COV Change of Value COV (en) Wertveränderung

CRT Cathode Ray Tube CRT (en) Kathodenstrahl-Bildschirm

Cv Coefficient, valve flow Kv (Kvs) Durchflusskoeffizient

DBMS Data Base Management System DBMS Datenbank Management System

dc Direct current DC Gleichstrom

DDC Direct Digital Control DDC Direct Digital Control

DIU Data Interface Unit DSE Datenschnittstelleneinheit

DN Diameter Nominal DN Nenndurchmesser

(for pipes, valves and fittings) (für Rohrleitungen, Ventile und Armaturen)

DP Data Point DP Datenpunkt

DSS Dedicated Special System SBA System für besondere Aufgaben

DTE Data Terminal Equipment DEE Daten-End-Einrichtung

EMC (EMI) Electro-Magnetic Compatibility EMV Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (Kompatibilität)

(Electro-Magnetic Interference US)

FN Field Network (also Field Bus) FN Feld-Netzwerk

GUI Graphical User Interface GUI (en) Grafische Benutzerschnittstelle

HBES Home and Building Electronic Systems ESHG Elektrische Systemtechnik für Heim und Gebäude

70

Abbreviation, English term Abkürzung, German term,

symbol Zeichen deutscher Begriff

HSI Human System Interface MSS Mensch-System-Schnittstelle

HVAC&R Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning HLK Heizung, Lüftung, Klima (und Kühlung)

and Refrigeration

I/O Input/Output E/A Eingang/Ausgang

IP Internet Protocol IP Internet-Protokoll

IT Information Technology IT Informationstechnik

LAN Local Area Network LAN Local Area Network

LO/ID Local Override/Indication Device LVB Lokale Vorrang-Bedieneinrichtung

MN Management Network MN Management-Netzwerk

MODEM MOdulator/DEModulator MODEM MOdulator/DEModulator

MOU Monitoring and Operator Unit BBE Beobachtungs- und Bedieneinheit

MTBM Mean Time Between Maintenance MTBM Durchschnittliche Betriebszeit

zwischen Instandhaltungen

OSI Open Systems Interconnection OSI Open Systems Interconnection

P Proportional control P Proportionale Regelung

PI Proportional Integral control PI Proportional-Integral-Regelung

PID Proportional Integral Derivative control PID Proportional-Integral-Differential-Regelung

PN Pressure Nominal (for pipes, valves, PN Nenndruck (bei Rohrleitungen, Ventilen, Armaturen

fittings and tanks) und Behältern)

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol PPP Punkt-zu-Punkt-Protokoll

PTP Point-to-Point PTP Punkt-zu-Punkt

PU Programming Unit PG Programmiergerät

RTD Resistive Temperature Detector RTD (en) Widerstands-Temperaturfühler (z. B. Pt 100)

UDP User Datagram Protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol

VAV Variable Air Volume VVS Variabler Luftvolumenstrom

VDU Visual Display Unit VDU (en) Optische Anzeigeeinheit (Datensichtgerät)

WAN Wide Area Network WAN Weitverkehrsnetzwerk

Reference

More technical brochures Reference Titlenumber

0-91899-de Das h, x-Diagramm0-91899-en The psychrometric chart

0-91900-de Gebäudeautomation – Begriffe, Abkürzungen und Definitionen

0-91900-en Building automation

0-91910-de Messtechnik0-91910-en Measuring technology

0-91911-de Regeln und Steuern von Heizungsanlagen0-91911-en Control of heating plants

0-91912-de Regeln und Steuern von Lüftungs-/Klimaanlagen0-91912-en Control of ventilation and air conditioning plants

0-91913-de Regeltechnik0-91913-en Control technology

0-91914-de Kältetechnik0-91914-en Refrigeration technology

0-91915-de Wärmerückgewinnung im Kältekreislauf0-91915-en Heat recovery in the refrigeration

0-91916-de Einführung in die HLK- und Gebäudetechnik0-91916-en Introduction to building technology

0-91917-de Hydraulik in der Gebäudetechnik0-91917-en Hydraulics in building systems

0-91918-de Stetige Leistungsregelung im Kältekreislauf0-91918-en Modulating capacity control in the refrigeration cycle

Gebäudeautomation

Forst, 2003-02-17

Hans R. Kranz

Begriffe, Definitionen und Abkürzungen

2. Überarbeitete Auflage

www.sbt.siemens.com

Building Technologies

Siemens Building Technologies AG

Building Automation

Gubelstrasse 22

CH-6301 Zug

Tel. +41 41 724 11 24

Fax +41 41 724 35 22

Siemens Building Technologies Ltd.

Building Automation

Hawthorne Road

Staines

Middlesex TW18 3AY

England

Tel. +44 1784 46 16 16

Fax +44 1784 46 46 46

Siemens Building Technologies Ltd.

Building Automation

16/F, Laford Center

838 Lai Chi Kok Road

Kowloon, Hong Kong

Tel. +852 2856 3813

Fax +852 2564 4254

Subject to change without notice • Order No. 0-91900-en • 10402(01) Ah/Ah • Printed in Switzerland

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Building Technologies - fullyengineered.com · The same applies to new terms like room automation,...

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