SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) IN ARCHITECTURE

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512]

Assignment 2 – Construction Solutions

Name: Tan Wen Hao

Student ID: 0319923

Tutor: Mr. Rizal

Table of content

1.0 Introduction to studio design project

2.0 Precedent studies

2.0.1 Façade design 1

2.0.2 Façade design 2

2.0.3 Roof system

2.0.4 Structural system

2.0.5 Flooring system

3.0 Façade design scheme proposals

3.0.1 Façade proposal 1

3.0.2 Façade proposal 2

4.0 Sectional Perspectives

4.0.1 Ground floor to first floor

4.0.2 Third floor to roof

5.0 References

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

11

13

14

15

1.0 Introduction to studio design project

Project title: Community Library Project type: Urban Infill Total floor area: ~1200m2 Location: Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, KL Number of storey: 4 Plot ratio: 1:3

Introduction to project The project calls for design proposal for a community library in Jalan TAR. A community library in this context is a “place that provides public with access to books and periodicals acts as social meeting grounds for an urban/suburban community”. The library is to consider the following: Programmatic Response, Formal Response, Public/Private Realms, Society & Culture. The proposed library serves as a landmark around the area as Jalan TAR has been serving as major circulation route from Chow Kit to Masjid Jamek and city center. The design is looking at a contextual “placemaking” approach including functions and spaces that benefits the community.

Design statement The urban grid of the neighbourhood is rather dense and less negative spaces can be identified. Lacking of green spaces has been an Issue to the site and therefore, the library is set to serve as a breathable space that attract users to stop and carries out social activities and study to gather the fragmentation of the area and act as a contact point.

Design features of library Breathability can be seen in three aspects of the library: material, transparency and visual connection. Material: The building emphasizes on lightweight metal such as metal grid panel, steel bar and contextual elements such as wooden louvers Transparency: Design elements that took consideration of visual permeability so that users can get a hint of what’s going on around the building. Visual Connection: Design that enhances visual continuity from front to back, in and out, up and down, and not limiting to eye coverage.

Site location

Spatial planning

2.0 Precedent studies 2.0.1 Façade design 1

Twisting textile facade

Advantages: 1.Curvature of fins is at own control. 2. Adjustable and façade can be dynamic 3.Transparency which allows shadow casting on the fabric 4. Lightweight and not visual “heavy” to the building 5. Fabric bars can be rotated creating different varied closeness or transparency. 6. Good acoustic performance and fire-rated Disadvantages: 1. High maintenance as dirt and debris easily collected on the fabric 2. high humidity (tropical climate) leads to grow of moss 3. Decrese in performance in long exposion of sun and frequent rain (weathering) in Malaysia. Reason of choice: The transparency in fabrics aids in shadow playing of trees which will be planted in the proposed reading area. The area serves as a theatre as well, therefore the façade can act as a projection screen. Since the fabric is transparent, the projection can be seen at two sides of façade, attracting people from outside to notice, as an “lightbox”. When façade meets rain, the fabric lowers impact on sound transmission and they sounds good on rain. Another reason of choosing textile is due to a contextual approach. Jalan TAR is famous for its textile trading and production therefore the building act as a representation of the street.

Pavilion and Workshops for Nature Concert Hall | Gauja National Park, Sigulda, Latvia

The site is a grassland in a national park, by DJA architects, The concert hall seeks to unify space, light, music, nature, etc. For this reason it is wrapped in such a light, transparent façade, which defines the space without enclosing it. The elevations of the pavilion serves as a screen for video and light projections. The structure of the pavilion is made in a way to reduce the amount of points touching the protected biotope meadow.

Materials: Structural metal frame ETFE Fabric Wooden distancers Fabic fasteners Steel cable Construction method and details: The metal frame is first welded and set in place according to the design with cable bracing. Fabric bars are manufacted individually and fixed with fabric fastenings on both sides. Next, each of them is placed wooden distancer that is pre-installed in the metal bars.

Modular design

Light projection at night

2.0.2 Façade design 2

Expanded metal mesh corridor facade

Roses IES Cap Norfeu| Roses, Spain

Advantages: 1. accentuate lightness of the building 2. provide both solar heat protection while still allowing natural light and air to filter through 3. Good acoustic performance between envelop, acting as buffer zone, suitable in institutional architecture 4. Create semi shade while maintaining visual and airflows 5. Great flexibility in design and final appearance, modular 6. Allow buildings to maintain a connection with their context without losing individual expressions in form, color or texture 7. Provide enough open area to reduce or negate the requirement for artificial mechanical ventilation Disadvantages: 1. Added costs for maintenance and time-to-time cleaning process 2. Cleaned from within the air corridor or must be accessed from within the building where the dimension of the air corridor is insufficient 3. increased initial cost of construction and space consumption, not cost-effective. 4. Embodied energy of this kind of façade is higher than single façade Reason of choice: The proposed library heavily emphasise breathability, in terms of ventilation and visual connection. Corridor façade is the best option of balancing the two and in addition providing good acoustic performance which plays an essential part of a design consideration of a library. The façade is able to add lightness to the building, avoid it being to “heavy” or out-of-place.

The project involves an enlargement of the school complex in the site's north region with two small buildings on the ground floor that surround one of the existing buildings in operation. The shape of the classroom container follows the formal language of the existing building, and act as the “light box” sits on top of a solid base, not being heavy to site. The exterior lattice of the façade that allows light to filter through while provide privacy to a formal function- classroom.

Materials: -Mesh cladding panel - Bracing bars -Metal frame -Aluminum grate flooring -Double-glazed curtain wall Construction method and details: Internal glass panel is first set in place, followed by the installation of the overall metal frame with horizontal division (aluminium grate) installed on flooring supoort. Mesh panel is then inddividually being fixed to the frame according to designer’s vision, each panels comes with horizontal bracing.

Transparency of mesh

Aluminum grate flooring

2.0.3 Roof system

Polycarbonate Multiwall roof

Koscon Industrial Headquarters| Chandigarh, India

Advantages: 1. Provides good thermal insulation and excellent optical and mechanical properties, blocks UV radiation 2. The panels slot together simply and effectively with the aid of specific polycarbonate profiles 3. Consistently reliable in water repelling 4. Good fire property, do not release toxic fume in contact with fire and have great defense over natural hazard (high impact strength) 5. Highly flexible in contemporary design and installation 6. Lightweight, 16% the weight of standard glass and 34% the weight of acrylic sheets 7. Provide enough open area to reduce or negate the requirement for artificial mechanical ventilation Disadvantages: 1.Require time to time cleaning to get rid of dust and dead leaves collected on surface 2. High initial cost Reason of choice: This type of roof will be installed in reading and study area of the library where the metal bars plays a big part in enhancing poetic quality of shadow, and penetrates sunlight into the space in more than 80%. The polycarbonate sheet also have a good property in thermal insulation, giving transparency and blocking heat off at the same time.

The building uses the BDL polycarbonate sheet for glazed roofing, comprises an engineered multiwall panel in extruded polycarbonate, held together by steel framing and aluminium bars, forming a poetic shadow casting as intended by the architect.

Materials: -Multiwall Polycarbonate sheet -Round aluminum tube -I beams and girders) Construction method and details: The size of steel framing is first constructed upon client’s request with aluminium tubes fixed in place. The panels are then slot together with the aid of specific polycarbonate profiles, depending on their interlocking system. Where required by the project's structural load, these can be upgraded to aluminum or steel profiles.

Section of sheet

Interlocking system

2.0.4 Structural system

Hybrid masonry structural system (Type IIb)

Garden Hills Elementary School |Champaign, Illinois, USA Advantages: 1. The wall system resembles infill masonry in terms of confinement in the steel, yet differs in that it is grouted and reinforced, allowing for a more ductile response 2. Hybrid masonry has the promise to be highly competitive with conventional lateral force resisting systems including reinforced masonry or concrete shear walls 3. Construction is not as heavy as vertical reinforcement only needs to be doweled to concrete slab, tie-down is not required 4. Simplifies construction of multi-story building, especially small-scales commercial projects like this 5. Constructability of masonry with frame improved, lateral stiffness increased, redundancy is improved Disadvantages: 1. Still in development stage and not many precedent cases 2. Need special inspection 3. Higher construction cost 4. Masonry breakout of anchors and shear loading of anchors to be the likely failure mechanism of masonry when a through bolt is installed near an edge Reason of choice: type of structural system is suitable for a site in an urban infill, being a rather “light” structural system. The structural component are above ground, only floor slab is needed for foundation. Only vertical reinforcements are needed, either drilled or casted, for tension forces because it only transfers shear force.

Hybrid masonry is a structural system that utilizes reinforced masonry to brace framed structure. The masonry infill can be concrete masonry units, reinforced clay brick, or even reinforced ACC, and frames can be reinforced concrete or structural steel. The basic concept is to attach a reinforced concrete masonry panel to a structural steel frame such that some combination of gravity forces, story shears and overturning moments can be transferred to the masonry.

Materials: -steel framing -Fuse and side plates -dowel (lap splices) -galvanized wire anchors

-concrete masonry panels -backer rods and sealent Construction method and details: The steel framing structure is first constructed, followed by the masonry wall, which is constructed within the plane of the framing. Type II wall have soft joints at the columns and masonry are built tight at the top the wall. The wall system is built floor by floor, with ground floor anchored to the floor slab.

Footing on ground level

2.0.5 flooring system

Composite steel floor deck

Advantages: 1. Superior corrosion protection with guaranteed minimum yield strength 2. Lighter and stronger than most conventional slabs, provides flexible reinforcement, combined with the comprehensive strength of the concrete, for an all-round stronger slab. 3. Inhibit any longitudinal slip between the steel and concrete in the slab itself, and any transverse movement between the slab and the supporting beams. 4. Decking is transported to site in pre-cut lengths, easily craned into specific work area 5. Formwork is minimal, speedy erection. When slab is being poured, the progress is not hindered in other areas e.g. the floors above. Disadvantages: 1. Due to overload on decking formwork, super-flat floor requirements may be unattainable 2. Fireproofing of steel members is required 3. In the long term, painting of surfaces can become a maintenance expense 4. slightly costly as compared to traditional post and beam structure Reason of choice: Its collaboration with the hybrid masonry structure, moeover, this type of flooring is most suitable in urban infill because of its lightweight and not embodied energy.

Steel deck

Materials: -cast-in-place concrete -stud connector -welded wire reinforcing mesh -steel profiled sheeting -beams and girder -connection angles and bolts -end cap

3.0 Façade design scheme proposals 3.0.1 Façade proposal 1

Front elevation Scale 1:100

Rear elevation Scale 1:100

3.0.2 Façade proposal 2

Front elevation Scale 1:100

Rear elevation Scale 1:100

4.0 Sectional perspectives 4.0.1 Ground floor to first floor

Scale 1:40

Ground floor plan

RHS bracing

Pad footing

Wooden distancer

Reinforced Masonry panel

Steel connectors with slotted holes

Steel Beam Thru-bolt

Composite steel decking

Dowel (drill or cast) Concrete slab

Horizontal joint reinforcement

Steel column

ETFE Fabric strip

Natural powder float concrete floor

4.0.1 First floor to roof

Scale 1:40

Third floor plan

Polycarbonate roof with RHS purlins

Polycarbonate board

Aluminum tubing

Column to beam detail

Expended mesh panel

Grate floor beam to facade column

Base plate

Metal safety grating

C” purlin

Steel beam

Single cleat

gutter

Two & four way spider fittings

Composite steel deck

8mm Clear Blue Low E Coating Glass

5.0 References

Façade design 1. Pavilion and Workshops for Nature Concert Hall / DJA. (2014, August 16). Retrieved June 18, 2017, from http://www.archdaily.com/537479/pavilion-and-workshops-for-nature-concert-hall-dja 2. M. (2017, February 21). Archelectic: Nature Concert Hall – Modelo – Medium. Retrieved June 18, 2017, from https://medium.com/@Modelo/archelectic-nature-concert-hall-b864ed0c9414 3. Roses IES Cap Norfeu Extension / Javier de las Heras Solé Bosch Tarrús Arquitectes. (2012, March 27). Retrieved June 17, 2017, from http://www.archdaily.com/220818/roses-ies-cap-norfeu-extension-javier-de-las-heras-sole-%25e2%2580%258bbosch-tarrus-arquitectes 4. IES cap norfeu extension by javier de las heras sole bosch tarrus arquitectes. (2013, October 09). Retrieved June 17, 2017, from http://www.designboom.com/architecture/ies-cap-norfeu-extension-by-javier-de-las-heras-sole-bosch-tarrus-arquitectes-10-09-2013/ 5. Buildings with perforated metal facades. (n.d.). Retrieved June 17, 2017, from https://www.dezeen.com/tag/perforated-metal-facades/

Roof system 1. BDL. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2017, from http://www.koscon.com/en/prodotti.php?id=System&sub_id=45 2. Www.thatweb.co, T. W. (n.d.). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Polycarbonate Roofing26 May 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2017, from http://www.morganasphalte.co.uk/news/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-polycarbonate-roofing/

Structural system 1. Ouyang, Y. (n.d.). Theoretical study of hybrid masonry. doi:10.5353/th_b5016259 2. Scott Conwell, FAIA, Director at International Masonry Institute Follow. (2012, June 12). Benefits of Building With Masonry. Retrieved June 19, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/smconwell/benefits-of-building-with-masonry-13297591 3. Hybrid Masonry Connections and Through-Bolts. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2017, from http://www.structuremag.org/?p=9919

Flooring system 1. DETAILS OF STEEL FRAMING. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2017, from http://slideplayer.com/slide/9426208/ 2. The Advantages of Steel Decking as provided by Metaldeck. (2017, June 02). Retrieved June 19, 2017, from https://www.raisedfloor.co.uk/the-advantages-of-steel-decking/

others 1. T. C. (2011). LEARNING FROM THE SINGAPORE SHOPHOUSE: TOWARDS A ... Retrieved June 20, 2017, from http://www.bing.com/cr?IG=6BF73272DCAC4F12BE2AB3299FBFA8FF&CID=06238E62E24D65903A0F84CBE34B64F0&rd=1&h=HBhw2--B6AHxLSli8ZDP5jAGa7.TdqrN3tuOmLgcdXo&v=.ufl.edu%2fUF%2fE0%2f04%2f38%2f63%2f00001%2fGUAN_T.pdf&p=DevEx,5061.1