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BUILDING BUILDING TECHNOLOGY IN TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
UNIT 6UNIT 6
February, 2012February, 2012John Fox, College of North West John Fox, College of North West
LondonLondon 11
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Building technology has evolved over the Building technology has evolved over the centuries between simple structures, centuries between simple structures, through to hi-tech, state of the art through to hi-tech, state of the art buildings.buildings.
February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 22
TRADITIONAL TYPE OF TRADITIONAL TYPE OF MATERIALSMATERIALS
BRICKS & MORTARBRICKS & MORTAR
TIMBERTIMBER
CONCRETECONCRETE
February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 33
MODERN MATERIALS USEDMODERN MATERIALS USED
GLASSGLASS
PLASTICSPLASTICS
PREFABRICATED PREFABRICATED
COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS
February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 44
BUILDING USESBUILDING USES
HOUSES & FLATSHOUSES & FLATS TRADITIONALLY 1 OR 2 STOREY HIGHTRADITIONALLY 1 OR 2 STOREY HIGH BUILT FROM BRICK, STONE OR BUILT FROM BRICK, STONE OR
TIMBERTIMBER ALL HOMES BUILT TO BUILDING ALL HOMES BUILT TO BUILDING
REGULATIONSREGULATIONS MONITORED BY BUILDING CONTROLMONITORED BY BUILDING CONTROL
February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 55
CRITERIA FOR HOUSE BUILDINGCRITERIA FOR HOUSE BUILDING
STRUCTUALLY SOUNDSTRUCTUALLY SOUND RESISTANT TO MOISTURERESISTANT TO MOISTURE THERMAL PERFORMANCETHERMAL PERFORMANCE LOAD BEARINGLOAD BEARING SOUND INSULATIONSOUND INSULATION ASTHETICALLY PLEASINGASTHETICALLY PLEASING
February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 66
WAREHOUSES & INDUSTRIAL WAREHOUSES & INDUSTRIAL UNITSUNITS
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGSCOMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
OPEN SPAN BUILDINGSOPEN SPAN BUILDINGS BUILT IN STEEL FRAMESBUILT IN STEEL FRAMES CLAD WITH ALLUMINIUMCLAD WITH ALLUMINIUM ENCLOSED BOTH ECONOMICALLY ENCLOSED BOTH ECONOMICALLY
AND SAFELYAND SAFELY
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RETAIL UNITSRETAIL UNITS
SHOPS & COMMERCIAL BUILDINGSSHOPS & COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
LARGE OPEN SPANLARGE OPEN SPAN
PORTAL FRAMEPORTAL FRAME
CAN BE ADAPTED FROM LARGER CAN BE ADAPTED FROM LARGER HOUSESHOUSES
February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 88
OFFICESOFFICES
CAN BE LOW OR MULTI STOREY CAN BE LOW OR MULTI STOREY BUILDINGSBUILDINGS
OPEN PLANOPEN PLAN SUB-DIVIDED INTO SMALLER SUB-DIVIDED INTO SMALLER
WORKING AREASWORKING AREAS MUST INCORPORATE FIRE REGS. EG. MUST INCORPORATE FIRE REGS. EG.
FIRE EXITS, ALARMS, SPRINKLERS FIRE EXITS, ALARMS, SPRINKLERS ETC.ETC.
February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 99
FORMS OF CONSTRUCTIONFORMS OF CONSTRUCTION TIMBER FRAME TIMBER FRAME
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF PREFAB CONSTRUCTION?PREFAB CONSTRUCTION?
February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1010
TIMBER FRAME BUILDINGSTIMBER FRAME BUILDINGS BEEN BUILT IN THE UK SINCE THE 1960’S BEEN BUILT IN THE UK SINCE THE 1960’S
TIMBER PANELS BUILT IN THE WORKSHOP RATHER THAN IN SITUTIMBER PANELS BUILT IN THE WORKSHOP RATHER THAN IN SITU DELIVERED TO SITE DELIVERED TO SITE EASY TO ASSEMBLEEASY TO ASSEMBLE PRODUCED TO QUALITY CONTROLLED STANDARDS & TOLERANCES PRODUCED TO QUALITY CONTROLLED STANDARDS & TOLERANCES
February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1111
TIMBERFRAME COMPONENTSTIMBERFRAME COMPONENTS
EXPLAIN THE PURPOSEEXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING
COMPONENTS;COMPONENTS;1.1. VAPOUR BARRIERVAPOUR BARRIER2.2. INSULATION QUILTINSULATION QUILT3.3. S/S WALL TIES/S WALL TIE4.4. INSULATION MEMBRANEINSULATION MEMBRANE5.5. SHEATHING BOARDSHEATHING BOARD
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TIMBER FRAME BUILDINGSTIMBER FRAME BUILDINGSCROSS SECTIONCROSS SECTION
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TIMBER FRAME TIMBER FRAME CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
TIMBER PANELS ( 100X50MM ) ARE TIMBER PANELS ( 100X50MM ) ARE NAILED WITH PLYWOOD SHEETS TO NAILED WITH PLYWOOD SHEETS TO GIVE ADDED STRENGTHGIVE ADDED STRENGTH
THESE PANELS ARE LOAD BEARING THESE PANELS ARE LOAD BEARING AS THEY SUPPORT THE STRUCTURE AS THEY SUPPORT THE STRUCTURE OF THE ROOFOF THE ROOF
TIMBER STRUCTURE IS ENCLOSED TIMBER STRUCTURE IS ENCLOSED WITH EITHER BRICKWORK OR STONE. WITH EITHER BRICKWORK OR STONE. THIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS CLADDINGTHIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS CLADDING
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STEEL FRAME CONSTRUCTIONSTEEL FRAME CONSTRUCTION
LIGHT STEEL FRAME BUILDINGS LIGHT STEEL FRAME BUILDINGS (SKELETAL) WERE DEVELOPED IN THE (SKELETAL) WERE DEVELOPED IN THE 1880’S FOR AMERICAN SKYSCRAPERS1880’S FOR AMERICAN SKYSCRAPERS
USED FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION IN USED FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION IN THE EARLY 1920’STHE EARLY 1920’S
STEEL BECAME RELATIVELY STEEL BECAME RELATIVELY EXPENSIVE & NOT A VIABLE EXPENSIVE & NOT A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR HOUSINGALTERNATIVE FOR HOUSING
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STEEL FRAME ADVANTAGESSTEEL FRAME ADVANTAGES
FACTORY MADEFACTORY MADE RELATIVELY EASY & QUICK TO RELATIVELY EASY & QUICK TO
ASSEMBLEASSEMBLE UNAFFECTED BY MOISTUREUNAFFECTED BY MOISTURE POTENTIAL LONG ROOF SPANSPOTENTIAL LONG ROOF SPANS COMPOSITE DESIGNCOMPOSITE DESIGN
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DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
DEFORMS AT HIGH TEMPERATUREDEFORMS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE NEEDS TO BE FIRE COATEDNEEDS TO BE FIRE COATED ELECTRICTY CONDUCTOR- MUST BE ELECTRICTY CONDUCTOR- MUST BE
EARTHEDEARTHED
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CONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGSCONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGS
THIS SYSTEM WAS FIRST DEVELOPED THIS SYSTEM WAS FIRST DEVELOPED IN THE LATE 19IN THE LATE 19THTH CENTURY BY CENTURY BY WILLIAM E. WARDWILLIAM E. WARD
THE FIRST CONCRETE FRAME THE FIRST CONCRETE FRAME SKYSCRAPER WAS THE INGALLS SKYSCRAPER WAS THE INGALLS BUILDING, BUILT IN CINNCINATTI BUILDING, BUILT IN CINNCINATTI IN1904- 210FT HIGHIN1904- 210FT HIGH
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CONCRETE FRAMECONCRETE FRAMEFORMS OF CONSTRUCTIONFORMS OF CONSTRUCTION
IN SITU- STEEL OR WOODEN FORMWORK IS IN SITU- STEEL OR WOODEN FORMWORK IS REQUIRED TO CREATE THE COLUMNS AND REQUIRED TO CREATE THE COLUMNS AND BEAMS. CONCRETE IS THEN POURED AND BEAMS. CONCRETE IS THEN POURED AND THE SHUTTERING IS REMOVED ONCE THE THE SHUTTERING IS REMOVED ONCE THE CONCRETE HAS GAINED ENOUGH CONCRETE HAS GAINED ENOUGH STRENGTH.STRENGTH.
PRE-CAST- PANELS ARE DROPPED IN BY PRE-CAST- PANELS ARE DROPPED IN BY CRANE AND BOLTED TOGETHER TO FORM A CRANE AND BOLTED TOGETHER TO FORM A RIGID STRUCTURERIGID STRUCTURE
February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1919
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESOF CONCRETE FRAME CONSTRUCTIONOF CONCRETE FRAME CONSTRUCTION
ADVANTAGES- IN-BUILT FIRE PROTECTIONADVANTAGES- IN-BUILT FIRE PROTECTION MOULDED INTO ANY SHAPEMOULDED INTO ANY SHAPE HIGH STRENGTH IN COMPRESSIONHIGH STRENGTH IN COMPRESSION DO NOT REQUIRE A SECONDARY FINISHDO NOT REQUIRE A SECONDARY FINISH DISADVANTAGES-CRAINAGE REQUIREDDISADVANTAGES-CRAINAGE REQUIRED REQUIRES INITIAL SUPPORTREQUIRES INITIAL SUPPORT SKILLED WORKFORCE REQUIRED TO SKILLED WORKFORCE REQUIRED TO
ASSEMBLEASSEMBLE
February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 2020