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RESTORATION IN PERU
EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin
Héctor Abarca TorresLublin, 2010
A BRIEF ACCOUNT
0 0- 500 500-2300 2300-3500 3500-4000 4000-4800 4800-6687 100-400 400-80
GEOGRAPHY
EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin
HISTORICAL REVIEW
RESTORATION IN PERUA BRIEF ACCOUNT
The biggest thing after the creation of the world (..) is the discovering of the Indies, and they call them New World; and, not that wrong, it is new because it was found again, and is vast and almost as big as the old…It also can be called new because all their things are so much different than ours
Francisco Lopez de Gomara, General History of the Indies, Zaragoza, 1552
7,000 b.C.
THE NEW LAWSPRE-INKA CIVILIZATIONS
1. Chavin Temple, Chavin Culture (X a IV b. C.), Ancash2. Kuelap Temple, Chachapoyas Culture (900-1470), Amazonas3 & 4. House Model Pottery Artwork, Chimu Culture (1100-1470), 5. Chanchan Citade, Chimu Culture 6. Mud Relief in Chanchan Citadel, Chimu Culture
XIII -X
VI c.
THE NEW LAWSTHE INKAS
1. Machu Picchu, Cuzco2. Coricancha (Temple of the Sun),
Cuzco City3. Capac Nam (The Inka Road)4. Choquekirao, Cuzco5. Puruchuco, Lima
THE NEW LAWSTHE INKAS
1. Fortress of Saqsaywaman, Cuzco2. Fortress of Ollantaytambo, Sacred Valley of Cuzco3. Temple of Pachacamac, Lima4. Palace of the Inca Hayna Capac, Cuzco City5. The Stone of the 12 angles, Cuzco City Center6. Temple of Viracocha, Raqchi, Cuzco,
XIII -X
VI c.
THE CONQUEST OF PERU
1. General Archive of Indies, Juan de Mijares, 1584-98, Seville2. The Conquest of Peru, Our Lady of Mercy Church, Cuzco3. The New Laws, 15424. St. James Indian Slayer, Cuzco School of Painting5. Chapel of House of Trade of Indies The Virgin of the
Navigators, Alejo Fernandez, 1531–36, Seville
THE NEW LAWSSPANISH GOLDEN AGE
1. The Burial of the Count of Orgaz, El Greco, Toledo2. Seville, Alonso Sanchez Coello.3. Phillip II of Spain, Alonso Sanchez Coello, 15574. Saint Dominic of Guzman, Juan Martinez Montanez,1606
Museum of Fine Arts of Seville5. Life is a Dream, Caldron de la Barca
THE BLACK LEGEND
1. Potosi. In Search of the Light and freedom, Oswaldo Guayasamin, Quito
2. Theodore de Bry, Regionum Indicarum per Hispanos quodam Devastatarum Verissima, Frankfurt , 1598
3. Auto de Fe (Detail), Francisco Ricci (1683) King Charles II attend auto de fe from a balcony in Madrid's Plaza Mayor on 30 June 1680
4. The Encounter, Museum of the City of Quito5. Spain builds castles in the air, Britain makes
commerce her care, 1740) in the War of Jenkins' Ear. Vernon 1740
6. A native parishioner is beaten to death for defending unmarried Andean women and maidens from the lascivious priest
1. Commemorative canvas of the request to the Inka Don Carlos II King of Spain to allow the Inka nobility into the Holy Office of Inquisition, Lima
2. Union of the Imperial Inca offspringwith the Loyola and Borja House, Cuzco School, 1718,
3. Inca Yupanki with the Coat or Arms of Carlos V, Archive on Indies, Seville
4. Succession of the inkas or Kings of Peru, Cathedral of Lima
5. The irascible parish priest raises thesword against a Spanish soldier, New Chronicle and Good Government, Guaman Poma De Ayala, 1615, Copenhaguen
THE NEW LAWS
1. Procession of the Corpus ofChristi in St. Anne (Detail),Diego Quispe Tito, c. 1680,Cuzco
2. Confessionary for priestof Indians, Lima 1585
3. Trilingual Catechism for the instructions of the Indians for the Provincial Council of Lima of 1553, Lima 1554
4. Lexicon of the QuechuaLanguage, Valladolid 1580
5. Vocabulary of the AymaraLanguage, Juli 1612
6. Art and Vocabulary of theGuarani Language, Madrid,1640
7. Catechism of the Guarani Language, 1540
8. The priest's Quechua sermon brings to sleep parishioners, Chronicle and Good Government, Guaman Poma de Ayala, 1615,Copenhaguen
THE NEW LAWSTRANSCULTURIZATION
We cannot strip out the Indians their language, it is
better, and more reasonable,that us to learn theirs
THE NEW LAWSTRANSCULTURIZATION
1. St. Toribio of Mogrovejo, 2nd. Bishop of Lima, Church of the Blessed Sacrament, Madrid
2. Apparition of the Virgin Mary to the Inka in the Siege of Cuzo, 1570,
3. Town in the Andes3. Last Supper with Guinea pig and Chicha wine,4. Percentage of Native Population in the Americas
THE NEW LAWSVICEROYALTY OF PERU
EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin
BUILT HERITAGE
RESTORATION IN PERUA BRIEF ACCOUNT
(Pizarro) does not conquered us but the men of the Inca Empire who are our cooper-skinned ancestors. We descend form the winners and the losers, but we are neither winners nor losers. We are the result of that encounter. We can be Indegenists o Hispanists. The Peruanism unites, heals; the Indigenism and Hispanism badly understood divides, tears us apart. Our obligation is to integrate not disintegrate us
Jose Antonio del Busto
ARCHITECTURE
1. Monastery of St. Catherine, Arequipa
2. Sevilian tiles of the Cloister of the Monastery of St. Dominic, Lima
3. Monastery of St. Dominic over theTemple of the Sun, Cuzco
4. Cupola of the Jesuit Church,Arequipa
5. Cathedral of Lima6. Monastery of St. Francis of Assisi,
Lima
ARCHITECTURE
1. Conde de Superunda St., Lima 2. Mudejar cupola at the Monastery of
St. Francis of Assisi, Lima3. House in Trujillo4. Torre Tagle Palace, Lima5. St. James Apostle Church, Lampa, Puno6. Façade detail of the St. Augustine Church, Lima
RURAL HERITAGE
1. Church of Maras, Cuzco2. Church of St. John the Baptist over the
Temple of the Sun, Vilcashuaman, Ayacucho
3. Church of St. Christopher, Rapaz, Lima4. Church of St. Anthony, Lanchas, Lima5. Church in Cuzco
STATE OF THE BUILT HERITAGE
1. House in Francisco Pizarro St.,, Lima2. Church of the St. Cross, Juli3. Jesuit Church after the 2007
Earthquake, Pisco4. Church of Our Lady of Rosary,
Yauca, Ica5. Shopping Center above Palace of Inca
Pachacutec, Cuzco6. Church Hermitage of Barranco, Lima6. St. Joseph Church, Nazca3. Birth House of St. Martin of Porres,
Callao St, Lima
EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin
RESTORATION IN PERUA BRIEF ACCOUNTBACKGROUND & LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
POLITICAL CONSTITUTION
“property has to be used in harmony with the social interest and it can be Confiscated only for reasons of public
only need and use“
CIVIL CODE
“land property is subject to the requirements and limitations of the respective dispositions“
ORGANIC LAW OF MUNICIPALITIES
“in topics related to land use, housing and collective safety, the city halls are entitled among other actions, to regulate
new construction and alterations, demolish buildings, promote the health and safety of urban and overcrowded areas,renew non-habitable urban areas, preserve heritage buildings
and sites listed as historical and artistic heritage,control the progressive clearing of unsafe areas subject to hazard and destruction in detriment of its occupants“
THE CULTURAL HERITAGE
THE NEW LAWSLEGAL FRAMEWORK
TIMELINE
Venice Charter, 1964
The Deliberant Board of Lima, 1964
National Institute of Culture, 1972
The Council of Lima, 1980Patronato de Lima
Comprehensive Inventory of Built Heritage of Lima from
Antiquity to Modern Movement
Victor Pimentel, Peruvian architect Invited as a signee
Private institution promoting education campaigns to foster
the benefits of the conservation
First Inventory of Built Heritage in Lima
Conservation gets institutionalismAdaptation to International theories
Ford Foundation , 1984
TIMELINE
Workshop School of LimaEscuela Taller de Lima
UNESCO, World Heritage Sites
Chan Chan, 1986Chavin, 1985Sacred City of Caral, 2009Lines and Geoglyphs of Nazca, 1994
Vocational Schools throughout Peru to learn traditional trades
Macchu Pichu
City of Cusco, 1983Historic centre of Lima, 1988Historic centre of Arequipa, 2000
Huascaran National Park, 1985Manu National Park, 1987Rio Abiseo National Park, 1990
Cultural(Archeological)Sites
Cultural(Historical)sites
NaturalSites
New Wonder of the Modern World
Ministry of Culture, 2010
Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, 1983 MixedSites
Ley General del Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación. no. 24047General law of the Cultural Heritage of the Nation
It is understood as cultural good part of the Cultural Heritage of the Nation to every expression of the human task –material or immaterial- that by its importance,
value and paleontological, archaeological, architectural, historical, artistic, military, social, anthropological or intellectual meaning.
THE NEW LAWSLEGAL FRAMEWORK
Cultural Asset
• 100,000 sites, counting only the archeological• 1.8 millions of foreign visitors (2006), 80% are cultural tourists. • Foreign tourists are only 28% of the sector• Constant annual growth of 16% since 1993 • Tourism is an industry of US$ 1,545,000,000 (2006). • Second source of hard currency• Employs 13% of the workforce
Cultural Heritage
THE NEW LAWSWORLD HERITAGE SITES
Peruvian World Heritage Sites
Ministry of Culture
Natural Heritage
No specific legislation exists besides the Convention of the World Heritage Sites
and the documents for the own management
Every human activity carried out within should follow the parameters defined by its respective Master Plan,
Plan of Management, or Plan of Public Use aimed to preserve the Exceptional Universal Value of
the place, as well as its authenticity and integrity.
Mixed Cultural & Natural Heritage
National Institute of Natural Resources
Issuance of Management Documentation
UNESCOS’s Convention for the Protection of cultural and Natural Heritage has character of National Law
THE NEW LAWSMONUMENT
Every built structure that has a cultural, historical, and social value. It goes from the isolated architectonic
creation to the urban or rural site. This comprehend not only great creations but also humble work,
that with the time, have acquired a cultural meaning. By its architectonic, historic, artistic, technological,
scientific, symbolic, Traditional value have to be preserved, totally or partially
4.983 monuments listed in the Colonial & Republican (Historical) Built Cultural Heritage List
1. MonumentMonumento
Sectors or neighborhoods of the city whose physiognomy should be conserved because:
2. Monumental ZoneZona Monumental
•Possess an overall environmental urban value. •Possess historical-artistic value. •Has a substantial number of monuments and/or
monumental urban areas.
60 monuments areas have been recognizedthroughout the country
THE NEW LAWSMONUMENTS
Urban spaces (plazas, small squares, streets, etc.) whose physiognomy and elements have an
overall urban value, they should be conserved total or partially
3. Monumental Urban Environments
Ambientes UrbanoMonumentales
386 monumental urban environments have been recognized throughout the country
4. Property of Monumental Value
Inmueble de valor monumental
Buildings that according to the Building Code posses architectonic and artistic value
but are not necessarily listed as Built Heritage
The degree of protection is given to every project individually.Free assessment is given to Owner when related to small works and to
Architects to speed up the Building Permit process
Ley General de amparo al Patrimonio de la Nación. no. 24047General law for the protection of the National Heritage
By-Laws and protocols for :•protective actions,•conservation, •administration, •control,•revalorization and •development of historical/monumental centers and sites
Public Institutions & Municipalities
Develop an Action plan for: rehabilitation :•Recuperation•retrofitting•un-hovelling•improve habitability, health and safety, and •structural upgrade
To avoid:•empirical, irregular and clandestine interventions to the structures and architectonic elements
•Increase of precarity
Technical Office Municipalities
THE NEW LAWSLEGAL FRAMEWORK
Ministry of CultureHeritage Inventory and
Cadastre Office
Official list of buildingsunder municipal protection presented
before the Ministry of Culture
Designation is record in Property Deeds The Office of Heritage Control reviews all the projects Only PROLIMA issues Building Permits
owners obligations to do improvements
works can be done cooperatively under owner/tenant agreements supervised by the municipality
city can cover the costs at owners/tenet expense
building permit fees are exempted
Tenants can set associations to make possible the future transfer of property taking into account that the current
conditions of decay do not allow the process of subdivision and strata until its final rehabilitation
Buildings are not subject to legal actionsfor eviction due to inhabitability
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Ley General de amparo al Patrimonio de la Nación. no. 24047General law for the protection of the National Heritage
Ministry of CultureHeritage Board
Technical support
The Getty Institute
World Monument Fund
Funding
Other Donors
Steering Committee
Catholic University Sedes Sapietiae
Archbishopric of Lima
Local Dioceses
Foreign Universities
CULTURAL MANAGEMENT
Local Municipalitywe invite the Mayor to the
Opening ceremony in exchange of speeding up permits and
condoning fees
Political support
Catholic University Sedes Sapietiae
Cultural Asset
EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin
RESTORATION IN PERUA BRIEF ACCOUNTUNDERTAKEN PROJECTS
SUCCESSFUL STORIES
CASSINELLI BALCONY, Late XIX c.
SUCCESSFUL STORIES
ST. PETER OF CARABAYLLO, 1571
SUCCESSFUL STORIESST. PETER OF CARABAYLLO, 1571
SUCCESSFUL STORIES
Choral Ensemble Lima Triumphante
ST. LIBERATA CHURCH, 1716
EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin
RESTORATION IN PERUA BRIEF ACCOUNTTHE SITE
THE NEW LAWSLIMA, 1748
Archbishopric of Lima
Welfare Society of Lima
University of St. Mark
Proprietorship
Rimac District or Under the Bridge
VICEROYAL LAYOUT, XVI-XIX c.NEW ROAD DESIGN OVER EXISTING XIX, XX c.
OPENING OF STREETS (CHANGE OF THE ORIGINA SCHEME), XX c.WIDENING OF STREETS, XX c.
AREA DESIGNATED AS WORLD HERITAGE
THE NEW LAWSLIMA, WORLD HERITAGE SITE
THE NEW LAWSTHE RIMAC
THE VALLEY OF LIMA
NO NETWORKOF TOURISTIC
SERVICES
DECAY OF TANGIBLE CULTURAL ASSESTS
OF THE RIMAC DISTRICTLOST OF UNESCO SUPPORT
LOST OF NATIONAL HEIRLOOM
BUREOCRACY IN BUILDING
PERMIT FLOW
UNCLEAR CULTURALPOLICY
THE NEIGHBOURS DO NOTRECOGNISE THEIR CULTURAL CAPITAL
BUILDINGS IN RISK OF COLLAPSE
ARTWORKENDANGERED
DRUG-DEALING/ THIEVES
LACK OF SECURITY
ILLICITTRAFFIC OF ART
NOT WELL CARED AND DISPLAYED
NOT DESIGNATED NATIONAL HERITAGE
NOT PROTECTED BY-LAW
NOT CONSERVATION PROJECTS
UNDERTAKEN
LACK OF PROMOTION NOBODY LOVES WHAT
THEY DON’T KNOW
LACK OF PRIVATE INVESTMENT
LOW BUDGET
LACK OF LOCAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
NO POWER OF DECISION
NOT ECONOMIC BENEFICTS
WEAK NATIONAL CULTURAL
INSTITUTIONS
THE CULTURAL ASSESTS OF THE RIMAC DISTRICT ARE UNDER THE RISK TO BE LOST
CAOTHIC GROWTH
LOW BENEFITS FROM TOURISM
THE NEW LAWSANALISYS
THE NEW LAWSTHE RIMAC, 2010