Date post: | 04-Jun-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | rohith-gupta |
View: | 223 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 24
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
1/24
BUILDING
AUTOMATION SYSTEMS
BY,
ROHITH.K
B .DESIGN SEM V
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
2/24
INTRODUCTION:
What is building automation system ?
Building Automation Systems (BAS) are centralized,
interlinked, networks of hardware and software, which monitor
and control the environment in commercial, industrial, andinstitutional facilities. While managing various building
systems, the automation system ensures the operational
performance of the facility as well as the comfort and safety of
building occupants.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
3/24
Use of technology and process to create a building
that is safer and more productive for its occupants
and more operationally efficient for its owners.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
4/24
RELATEDSYSTEMS& CONTROLS:
To describe the automation of building & controls there are
some related terms :
Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS)
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
Energy Management System (EMS)
Energy Management and Control System (EMCS)
Smart (Intelligent) Building
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
5/24
OVERVIEWOFBAS:
Early control systems were pneumatic or air-based & were
generally restricted to controlling various aspects of the HVAC
system. Common pneumatic devices include controllers,
sensors, actuators, valves, positioners, and regulators.
Due to their large base of installation throughout the 1960sand 1970s, pneumatic control systems are still in place in a
majority of existing buildings, especially in established
metropolitan areas.
Analog electronic control devices became popular throughout
the 1980s. They provided faster response and higherprecision than pneumatics.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
6/24
However, it was not until digital control or DDC devices came
on the scene in the 1990s that a true automation system was
possible.
The automation system was fully functional but was not
interoperable or capable of mixing products from variousmanufacturers. Thus, a given building or portfolio could be
locked into a specific manufacturer. This is not necessarily a
problem unless the relationship with the associated service
provider is challenging.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
7/24
By the late 1990s and especially into the 2000s, movements
were afoot to standardize on open communication systems.
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) developed the BAC netcommunication protocol that eventually became the industry
open standard.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
8/24
WHATISCONTROLLED?
Generally, BAS begins with control of mechanical, electrical,and plumbing (MEP) systems. For instance, the heating,ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is almostalways controlled, including control of its various pieces ofequipment such as:
Chillers Boilers
Air Handling Units (AHUs)
Roof-top Units (RTUs)
Fan Coil Units (FCUs)
Heat Pump Units (HPUs)
Variable Air Volume boxes (VAVs)
Lighting control is, likewise, low-hanging fruit for optimizingbuilding performance.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
9/24
CHILLER'S
A chiller is a machine that removes
heat from a liquid via a vapor-
compression or absorption refrigeration
cycle. This liquid can then be circulated
through a heat exchanger to cool air or
equipment as required. As a necessary
byproduct, refrigeration creates waste
heat that must be exhausted to
ambient or, for greater efficiency,
recovered for heating purposes.
Concerns in design and selection ofchillers include performance, efficiency,
maintenance, and product life cycle
environmental impact.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
10/24
BOILER'S
A boiler is a closed vessel in
which water or other fluid is
heated. The fluid does not
necessarily boil. The heated or
vaporized fluid exits the boiler for
use in various processes or
heating applications,
including central heating, boiler
based power generation, cooking,
and sanitation.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
11/24
AIRHANDLINGUNITS
An air handler, or air handling unit is a
device used to condition and circulate air as
part of a heating, ventilating, and air-
conditioning (HVAC) system. An air handler
is usually a large metal box containing a
blower, heating or coolingelements, filter racks or chambers, sound
attenuators, and dampers. Air handlers
usually connect to a ductwork ventilation
system that distributes the conditioned air
through the building and returns it to the
AHU. Sometimes AHUs discharge (supply)and admit (return) air directly to and from
the space served without ductwork.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
12/24
ROOFTOPUNITS:
An air handler designed for outdoor
use, typically on roofs, is known as
a packaged unit (PU) or rooftop
unit (RTU).
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
13/24
HEATPUMPUNITS:
A heat pump is a device that
provides heat energy from a
source of heat to a destination
called a "heat sink". Heat pumps
are designed to move thermal
energy opposite to the direction of
spontaneous heat flow by
absorbing heat from a cold space
and release it to a warmer one,
and vice-versa. A heat pump uses
some amount of external power toaccomplish the work of
transferring energy from the heat
source to the heat sink.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
14/24
VARIABLEAIRVOLUMEBOXES(VAV)
Variable Air Volume (VAV) is a type
of heating, ventilating, and air-
conditioning (HVAC) system. The
simplest VAV system incorporates
one supply duct that, when in
cooling mode, distributes
approximately 55 F (13 C) supply
air. Because the supply air
temperature, in this simplest of VAV
systems, is constant, the air flow
rate must vary to meet the rising andfalling heat gains or losses within
the thermal zone served.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
15/24
LIGHTINGCONTROLSYSTEM
A lighting control system is an intelligent network based
lighting control solution that incorporates communication
between various system inputs and outputs related to lighting
control with the use of one or more central computing devices.
Lighting control systems are widely used on both indoor and
outdoor lighting of commercial, industrial, and residential
spaces. Lighting control systems serve to provide the right
amount of light where and when it is needed
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
16/24
Other systems that are often controlled and/or brought under acomplete automation system include:
Power monitoring
Security
Close circuit video (CCTV)
Card and keypad access
Fire alarm system
Elevators/escalators
Plumbing and water monitoring
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
17/24
DIFFERENCEBETWEENORDINARY
BUILDINGANDBAS BUILDING
BAS adjusts the inside functional
aspects such as lighting, ventilation, air
conditioning, etc. automatically with the
changes in environmental conditions
controlled by computer
Ordinary building there will be
different room conditions depending on
the changes in the environmental
conditions.
While planning an BAS, a Buildingservice engineer, an Architect &
Hardware Engineer is required.
But in case of ordinary building, aBuilding service engineer and an
Architect is enough.
In BAS , the security system,
communication system, etc. are
coordinated and automatically
controlled by computer work station
The cost of construction of BAS is
very high as compared to an ordinary
building.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
18/24
The development cost of an BAS is 8 - 10% higher than that of
an ordinary building. But this can be justified by the resulting
energy saving, which is only 2535% of energy required bynormal building.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
19/24
WHATDOESABAS LOOKLIKE?
Most of the automation system is behind the scenes as
hardware devices mounted to equipment or hidden under
floor or in the ceiling. Some personalized control can be
made available through thermostat-like devices. From a
central management perspective, the BAS resides as
software on an operator workstation (computer) or isavailable as a web page.
Various types of controllers manage equipment and
portions of the network. Sensors provide input data to the
controllers.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
20/24
HEREISAGENERALIZEDVIEWOFABAS:
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
21/24
WHOINSTALLSORSERVICESABAS?
A properly trained in-house staff can manage the operation
and, sometimes, the maintenance of the BAS. However,
system design and initial installation is almost always
accomplished by controls professionals such as dedicated
controls contractors or system integrators. In practice, the
controls contractor is a sub-contractor to the mechanicalcontractor. Sometimes, the mechanical contractor will have a
dedicated controls division. Electrical contractors with controls
teams are also common and multi-functional system
integrators are becoming more common for todays complex
facilities
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
22/24
TODAYSBAS TRENDS
When the subject is intelligent buildings, we know that thingsdont stand still. Here are a few trends influencing buildingautomation:
Wireless technology is beginning to replace traditionally wiredBAS infrastructure.
Enterprise-level initiatives are making the communicationprotocol of the BAS less important.
While it is quite common to replace a pneumatic control systemwith a direct digital control (DDC) system, pneumatic-to-DDCbridging strategies also exist.
More controls are coming to the construction site, factory pre-mounted to equipment.
Hardware and software continues to be augmented by energy-related visuals.
There has been tremendous consolidation among BASmanufacturers, leaving relatively few independent players .
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
23/24
CONCLUSION
The BAS is clearly the building of the future.
The goal of having an BAS only starts with early planning in
the design stage.
In many ways, the design and fulfillment of many bulidings or
LEED projects today, but it uses technology to provide for asuperior space.
There are enormous benefits to be gained by creating
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEMS.
8/13/2019 Buliding Automation Systems
24/24