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Bullying and Cyberbullying

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Bullying and Cyber Bullying in America’s Middle Schools: The Perspectives of Teachers and Intervention Processes Monica Lee CI 583
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Page 1: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Bullying and Cyber Bullying in America’s Middle Schools:

The Perspectives of Teachers and Intervention Processes

Monica LeeCI 583

Page 2: Bullying and Cyberbullying

INTRODUCTION

Page 3: Bullying and Cyberbullying

INTRODUCTION

Observations show an average of more than two bullying episodes occurring every hour within classrooms (Craig, Pepler, & Atlas, 2000).

It has been proven that bullying can effect class participation and academics along with social and psychological issues of students and middle-school aged children.

Page 4: Bullying and Cyberbullying

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This research project was conducted to determine and examine the current state of bullying in schools and on the internet, the psychological effects, and intervention programs and this study classifies students and focuses on middle-school grade levels.

Page 5: Bullying and Cyberbullying

RESEARCH GOALS

The goal of this research is to:• Determine how often bullying occur in the classroom on a

daily basis • Determine how teachers react to the bullying to prevent it• Discover intervention programs that are currently in place

and their effectiveness • Understand the short- and long-term effects of bullying in

sixth, seventh, and eighth grade– Social and psychological

Page 6: Bullying and Cyberbullying

RESEARCH DATA CONSISTS OF…

• Foundational Research• Bullies and Targets• Intervention and Prevention• Effects of Bullying

Click here to view a CBS video on Cyberbullying

Page 7: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Foundational ResearchWhat is bullying?

• A widespread problem – Alters opportunities to learn– Disrupts collective connections among students– Eliminates constructive value in the classroom

• Definition– Intentional aggressive process that involves using

unequal power to cause harm– The need to gain control over another, (Milsom,

A., & Gallo, L., 2006).

Page 8: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Foundational ResearchWhat is bullying?

Cont’d• Bullying can begin in many different places

with many different resources– Internet, classroom, social settings outside of

school

• Bullies develop and emerge within groups of students– Starts with teasing and issues many see as

“harmless”

Page 9: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Foundational ResearchTypes of Bullying

Page 10: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Bullies and Targets

• Perception of bullies from students and staff members (Bradshaw, Sawyer, and O’Brennan, 2007).– Popular with other

students– Feared by other

students– Disliked by other

students

Page 11: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Bullies and TargetsCont’d

• Why are some students targeted?– Race, grades, gifted

students, and quieter students tend to be more vulnerable (Milsom & Gallo, 2006).

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Bullies and Targets

Page 13: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Intervention Processes• What are school districts doing to eliminate bullying?– Environmental Intervention: bullying policies and

procedures set up by the school to protect students• Prepare instruction to develop strategies to deal

with bullying– Professional development on bullying intervention

for all staff members

Click here to read an article regarding the parent's support in preventing bullying!

Page 14: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Intervention ProcessesCont’d

• Focus on bystanders (Davis & Davis, 2007)– Awareness, empathy, action– Supporters for the bully and the bullied– Implications for bystanders

• Change requires action from teachers, school officials, and bystanders (Hazler, et. al., 2000).

Page 15: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Effects of Bullying• Psychological Effects

– Long-term effects• Social Effects

– Misunderstanding of social environments

– Lack of knowledge of how to interact with others

– Sensitivity– Perceptions of safety in school,

(White & Loeber, n.d.)• Physical Effects

– Body dismorphia

Page 16: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Effects of BullyingCont’d

• Psychological Distress– Feelings that can occur from bullying:• Isolation from poor peer relationships and detachment

from family– Bullies isolate victims in order to keep bystanders from

intervening• Dehumanization

– Slanderous, impersonal nicknames to enemies– Creates lower self-esteem

• Exclusion is like isolation– Exclusion is caused by others, where as isolation is a reaction

of the victim

Page 17: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Effects of BullyingCont’d

• Social Effects– Isolation– Exclusion– Lack of social skills– Paranoia

Page 18: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Effects of BullyingCont’d

• Physical Effects– Weight gain– Weight loss– Damage to one’s self– Suicide

• Cyberbullying effects– Invasion of privacy– Reputation damage

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BULLY STATISTICS

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CONCLUSION

• Bullying is a major problem.• Bullying must be addressed.• There are short- and long-term negative

effects of bullying.• Teacher training must be done to create

intervention processes within schools.

Page 21: Bullying and Cyberbullying

BIBLIOGRAPHYBradshaw, C.P., Sawyer, A.L., & O’Brenna, L.M., (2007). Bullying and peer victimization at school:

Perceptual differences between students and school staff. School Psychology Review, 36(3), 361-382.

Craig, W.M., Pepler, D.J., & Atlas, R. (2000). Observations of bullying on the playground and in the classroom. School Psychology International, 21, 22-36.

Davis, S. & Davis, J. (2007). Empowering bystanders in bullying prevention. Illinios: Research PressFrey, K.S., Hirschstein, M.K, Edstrom, L.V., & Snell, J.L. (2009). Observed reductions in school

bullying, nonbullying aggression, and destructive bystander behavior: A longitudinal evaluation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101(2), 446-481.

Hazler, R.J., & Carney, J.V., (2000). When victims turn aggressors: Factors in the development of deadly school violence. Professional School Counseling, 4(2), 105-112

Milsom, A., & Gallo, L. (2006). Bullying in middle schools: prevention and intervention. Middle School Journal. Retrieved from www.nmsa.org/publications/middleschooljournal/articles/january2006/article2/tabid/693

Swearer, S.M., & Espelage D.L. (2004). A social-ecological framework of bullying among youth. In D.L. Espelage & S.M. Swearer (Eds.), Bullying in American schools: A social-ecological perspective on prevention and intervention, 1-12. New Jersey: Erlbaum.

Willard, N. (2007). Cyberbullying and cyberthreats: Responding to the challenge of online social aggression, threats, and distress. Illinois: Research Press.

White, N., & Loeber, R. (n.d.). Bullying and special education as predictors of serious delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. Retrieved from http://jrc.sagepub.com/content/45/4/380.full.pdf+html


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