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Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

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Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning. Tim Lewis, Ph.D. University of Missouri OSEP Center on Positive Behavioral Intervention & Supports www.pbis.org. Bullying Defined. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Bullying: Prevention & Intervention Action Planning Tim Lewis, Ph.D. University of Missouri OSEP Center on Positive Behavioral Intervention & Supports www.pbis.org
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Page 1: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Bullying: Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Tim Lewis, Ph.D.University of Missouri

OSEP Center on Positive Behavioral Intervention & Supports

www.pbis.org

Page 2: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Bullying Defined

“A student is being bullied or victimized when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other students” (Elliott, 2002)

Page 3: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Types of Bullying

1. Physical2. Verbal3. Emotional 4. Sexual

Page 4: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Harassment

Illegal act when an individual is verbally or nonverbally taunted and demeaned in relation to certain attributes such as gender, race or ethnicity, religion, and/or sexual orientation

Page 5: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Teasing• Most teasing among 8-10 year olds is mean spirited • Friendly, acceptable teasing appears more characteristic among

adolescents• Teasing among boys typically includes themes of intimidation, power,

control, etc.• Teasing among girls typically involves themes of social cruelty, deception,

hurt feelings, being left out• Some teasing is deliberate – some set up by spontaneous/accidental

circumstance• Everyone is teased at some point – others are often targeted

– Overreacting to teasing– Being atypical– Having atypical physical or behavioral attributes– Being socially or athletically unskilled

• Most teasing is done by groups to an individual

(Walker, Ramsey, & Gesham, 2004)

Page 6: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Teasing• Teasing among friends is sometimes o.k. while teasing strangers is not• Physical size is a major factor among boys• Adaptive responses to teasing include:

– Ignoring– Asking them to stop– Leaving the situation

• Maladaptive responses to teasing include:– Teasing back– Name calling– Getting mad– Crying, hitting or tantrum– Threats

• 8-10 year olds have firm belief in their effectiveness to stop teasing, but in actually have no effect or make it worse

(Walker, Ramsey, & Gesham, 2004)

Page 7: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Bullies and Peers

• Perpetrator• Victim• Bystander - do not directly participate but

reinforce the bully• Non-participant - do not participate, simply

present, but take no action to prevent

Page 8: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Victims

• Passive-submissive – anxious, fearful, withdrawn, bully reinforced by occasioning the behavior

• Provocative – display annoying and aggressive responses & thereby inadvertently reinforce the bully

Page 9: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Gender Differences

• Boys = “direct” physical / verbal intimidation• Girls = “indirect” gossip and rumors

• Males = larger numbers of both bullies and victims

Page 10: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Bullys Victims

Individual Impulsive, dominant, lacks empathyPositive attitude toward violenceDifficulty conforming to rulesPhysical strength (males)Gradual decrease in academic achievementAssume leadership roles in core groups of peers (female)More likely to bring weapons to school (52% males, 30% females)70% report weapons outside of school

Cautious, insecureDifficulty asserting themselves among peersPhysical weakness (males)Increase likelihood to carry weapons to school (36% males, 15% females)

Family Lack of parental involvementOverly-permissiveHarsh disciplineLack of parental supervision

Peer Friends/peers with positive attitudes toward violenceExposure to models of bullying

Lack of close friends

School Lack of supervisionIndifferent attitude toward bullying

Presence of aggressive studentsLack of supervisionIndifferent attitude toward bullying

Page 11: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Outcomes of bullying• Short term– Bully - reinforced – increases future bullying– Victim - somatic symptoms, fearful, avoidance

• Long term– Bully

• 60% grades 6-9 had been convicted of an aggressive crime in adulthood

• More likely to be violent (Nansel et al, 2004).• More likely to have children who bully

– Victim • depression, poor self esteem, suicide, school drop out• Ostracized by peers

Page 12: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Recommendations From the Field

Page 13: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Recommended strategies for Teachers (U.S. Department of Education, 1998)

• Provide students with opportunities to talk about bullying• Involve students in establishing classroom rules against bullying• Provide classroom activities and discussion around the harmful effects of

bullying• Develop a plan to ensure students know what to do if they observe bullying• Teach cooperation/compromise social skills• Take immediate action when bullying observed/reported• Confront bullies in private• Notify parents of both the bully and victim – seek to resolve the conflict at

school• Refer both bully and victim to counselor if appropriate• Provide protection for victims (e.g, buddy system)• Listen to parents who report or express concerns about bullying and

investigate immediately• Avoid attempts to mediate in bullying situations – power imbalance in the

bully dynamic precludes this from happening

Page 14: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Bully Prevention Keys

• School & home that is characterized as “warm” but sets firm limits for unacceptable behavior

• When violations occur, non-hostile, nonphysical sanctions be consistently applied

• Careful monitoring of student activities • Adults should act as responsible authorities during all

adult-child interactions, especially when bullying occurs

Page 15: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Bully Intervention Basics

• Bully - discourage / appropriate sanctions• Victim – teach strategies to appropriately

avoid/escape situations that involve bullying & place in activities in which they can succeed to boost confidence

By-standers – make them aware of their supporting role and discourage them

Non-participants – teach them to discourage bullying and to not show approval if observed

Page 16: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Action Planning

Start with Your Data

Page 17: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Is Bullying a Problem

• Student Data– Problem – Scared– How often– Types

• Staff Data– Problem– Types & Frequency

Page 18: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

No Yes0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

14.9%

85.1%

Have you ever seen someone bullied in our school?

Page 19: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Never Sometime Often Every Day0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

4.6%

50.4%

23.4%

18.6%

How often are people bullied in our school?

Page 20: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Called Names Threatened Stole Hit Ignore0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

87.8%

43.9%

33.5%

52.2%

46.4%

What have bullies done at school?

Page 21: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Very Much A Little Not Much None0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

21.0%

50.7%

23.4%21.0%

How much of a problem is bullying at our school?

Page 22: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

All the Time Sometimes Never0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

2.4%

26.2%

69.8%

I have felt scared in my school.

Page 23: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

monthly weekly daily several times daily0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

0.00%

6.90%

32.76%

60.34%

How often does bullying occur in our school?Fr

eque

ncy

Page 24: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

very much a little not much none0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

41.38%

53.45%

1.72%0.00%

How much of a problem is bullying at our school? Fr

eque

ncy

Page 25: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Daily Weekly Monthly Rare/seldom0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%

34.48%

39.66%

17.24%

3.45%

Physical BullyingFr

eque

ncy

Page 26: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Daily Weekly Monthly Rare/seldom0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

89.66%

3.45%1.72% 1.72%

Verbal BullyingFr

eque

ncy

Page 27: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Daily Weekly Monthly Rare/seldom0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

24.14%

31.03%

13.79%

18.97%

Sexual BullyingFr

eque

ncy

Page 28: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Daily Weekly Monthly Rare/seldom0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%37.93%

27.59%

10.34%

5.17%

Cyber BullyingFr

eque

ncy

Page 29: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Daily Weekly Monthly Rare/seldom0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%

96.55%

13.79%

1.72% 0.00%

Gossip/Rumor BullyingFr

eque

ncy

Page 30: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Daily Weekly Monthly Rare/seldom0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%75.86%

15.52%

1.72% 1.72%

Exclusion BullyingFr

eque

ncy

Page 31: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Are There High Risk Settings

• Student & Staff Location

Page 32: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Classroom Playground Bathroom Walking to School Hallway Cafeteria Bus0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

48.7%

15.7%

38.4%

16.9%

78.1%

66.1% 67.3%

Where does bullying happen at our school?

Page 33: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Classroom Hallway Playground Cafeteria Bathrooms Bus Walking to School0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

70.69%

93.10%

56.90%

94.83%

82.76%

93.10%

50.00%

Where does bullying happen at our school?Fr

eque

ncy

Page 34: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Where Do Student Seek Help

• Who• Have they contacted an adult

Page 35: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

My Teacher Any Teacher Principal Counselor Family Friend0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

60.7%

38.4%

47.5%

60.3%

73.6%

67.6%

Who do you feel you could go to if you were bullied?

Page 36: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Where Do Adults Perceive Students Seek Help

• Who• Most likely

Page 37: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Teacher Principal Counselor Family Friend0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

74.14%

18.97%

68.97%

58.62%

79.31%

Who would a victim go to? Fr

eque

ncy

Page 38: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Comments

• 60 students commented that they see bullying in gym, P.E., and the locker room

• “I felt embarrassed. I really didn't want to be in that situation”

• “I hate it, it hurts me a lot!!!!”• “No one does anything enough to stop them

anyway. There is too much of it.”

Page 39: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Comments

• “Not enough enforcement of the rules so more bullying is done.”

• “Sometimes grown-ups don't understand or you can't tell them what you are going through because you are afraid they will get mad at you.”

• “When there is bullying going on in the classroom some of the teachers see it and they hear but they don't do anything”

Page 40: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Interventions

• Staff aware of District policy & procedures• Top 5 strategies would use• 5 Strategies would not use• Other strategies listed

Page 41: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Yes No Unsure0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

65.52%

0.00%

32.76%

Does your district have a policy to deal with bullying?Fr

eque

ncy

Page 42: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

22.2%

40.0%

20.0%

13.3%

4.4%

I would advise the victim to assertively stand up to the bully

Page 43: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

88.0%

6.0% 6.0%

0.0% 0.0%

I would tell the bully to stop

Page 44: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

40.8%

30.6%

24.5%

4.1%

0.0%

I would help them resolve their differences

Page 45: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

50.0%

2.0% 2.0%

8.0%

46.0%

42.0%

I would treat the matter lightly

Page 46: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

31.9%

53.2%

14.9%

0.0% 0.0%

I would advise the victim to stay away from the bully

Page 47: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

47.9%

27.1%

20.8%

4.2%

0.0%

I would make sure the bully was punished

Page 48: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

10.0%

42.0%

28.0%

18.0%

2.0%

I would convene a meeting

Page 49: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

12.0%

34.0%

38.0%

14.0%

2.0%

I would help the bully achieve greater self-esteem

Page 50: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

12.0%

20.0%

24.0%

34.0%

10.0%

I would encourage the victim to make more friends

Page 51: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

89.8%

10.2%

0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

I would make it clear to the bully that his/her behavior will not be tolerated

Page 52: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

4.0% 4.0%

18.0%

38.0%

36.0%

I would leave it for someone else to sort out

Page 53: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

18.0%

34.0% 34.0%

10.0%

4.0%

I would share my concerns with the bully and ask him to behave more caring

Page 54: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

42.0%

50.0%

4.0% 4.0%

0.0%

I would seperate the bully and the victim

Page 55: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

6.0%

28.0% 28.0%

26.0%

12.0%

Suggest that the victim not show that he/she is bothered

Page 56: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

12.2%

34.7%

38.8%

10.2%

4.1%

I would call the bully's parent

Page 57: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

0.0%

3.9%

17.6% 17.6%

60.8%

I would let the students sort it out

Page 58: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

26.0%

40.0%

26.0%

6.0%

2.0%

Discuss with the bully options to remedy the situation without bully-ing

Page 59: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Definitely Would Probably Would Not Sure Probably Would Not Definitely Would Not0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

50.0%

8.0%

18.0%

44.0%

18.0%

12.0%

I would find the bullying something more interesting to do

Page 60: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Action Plan

1. Replacement behaviors for noted types of bullying behavior– Linkage to school-wide/class-wide set of

expectation2. Lesson plans/teaching strategies

(with schedule)

Page 61: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Action Plan

3. Supervision of high risk locations– Current supervision/ needed resources– Training & support

4. Strategies for “victims”5. Instructional strategies & consequences for

bullying– Instruction– Environmental supports– Consequences

Page 62: Bullying : Prevention & Intervention Action Planning

Implement and Monitor

• Current Data collection captures bullying?– Office referral– Student/staff report


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