BUNKER INTERPRETIVE CENTER ENERGY EFFICIENCY

PROJECTEngineering 333

December 6, 2011

Introduction: LEED®

LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Certification

Ratings: Certified (40-49 points) Silver (50-59 points) Gold (60-79 points) Platinum (80+ points)

Encourages design of energy efficient buildings

LEED (to date) does not address actual energy use

Does LEED work?

Introduction: Energy Star®

Addresses the energy use of a building

Compares your building to “peer group” (e.g. K-12 school, hospital, office, etc.)

Accounts for climate, size, purpose, etc.

Best 25% of a building category

BIC - Bunker Interpretive Center BIC earned the LEED Gold rating Test case: if BIC can get Energy Star®

, LEED works

Introduction: BIC

Can the Bunker Interpretive Center attain Energy Star®

rating?

Portfolio Manager Created by Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) Purpose: Generate an Energy Use Intensity (EUI)

Combines different energy forms into one broad statistic

Units of kBtu/ft2-yr

ENGR 333 used Portfolio Manager as a tool to determine if BIC meets Energy Star® requirements

Understanding EUI

Qualify

BIC Star Can only obtain Energy Star® in

predefined categories BIC doesn’t fit. Closest are:

K-12 School Building Office

Solution: Create “BIC Star”

BIC Floor Plan

N

K-12 (68%)Office (23%)Other (9%)

68%

23%

9%

How does the BIC perform?

Investigation Overview

Natural Gas

Air &Water Flow

Lighting

Outlets & SmallAppliances

What is the BIC’s actual performance?

BIC Performance: Natural Gas Boiler

Floor heating Domestic water (taps)

Fireplace Aesthetic value Space heating

May-05 October-06 February-08 July-09 November-10 April-120

10000000

20000000

30000000

40000000

50000000

60000000

70000000 BIC Natural Gas

EstimatedMeasured

Time (Month-Year)

Nat

ural

Gas

Use

d (M

MBT

U)

Fireplace Boiler0

10000000

20000000

30000000

40000000

50000000

60000000

70000000

80000000

90000000

BIC Natural Gas Consumption(June-November 2011)

Tota

l Nat

ural

Gas

Con

sum

ed

from

June

-Nov

embe

r 201

1 (M

MBT

U)

9%

91%

BIC Performance: Electricity Air and Water Flow:

Circulation Fans Pumps

Outlets and Small Appliances: Refrigerator & microwave Wall outlets

Lighting All interior lights

Hobbs Meter Kill-A-Watt Meter

Boiler

LED Lights

Light Timer

Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Electricity Use (Sept. 2009 to Sept. 2011 )

2009-2010

2010-2011

Time (Month)

Elec

tric

ity U

se (k

W-h

r)

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000BIC Electricity Consumed Over 5 Months by Category

(June 2011 to Oct 2011)Cu

mul

ative

Ele

ctric

ity C

onsu

mpti

on (k

W-h

r)

Outlets and Small Appliances

Lighting

Air and Water Flow

Ventilation Fan

Air-Conditioning

Hall Track

Hall Indire

ctOffice

Conferen

ce

Pump 4

Compost Deh

umidifier

Communication Room

Lab 2

Lab 1

Terra

rium

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Top 12 Electricity Consumers Over 6 Months (June 2011 to Oct 2011)

Components

Cum

ulati

ve E

lect

ricity

Con

sum

ption

(kW

-hr)

Outlets and Small AppliancesLightingAir and Water Flow

Circulation Fa

n

Electricity 31%

Natural Gas 69%

Electricity Natural Gas

BIC Performance

Qualify

Building ComparisonsNature Park Interpretive Center

Bunker Interpretive

Center

De Graaf Nature Center

EnvironmentalInterpretive

Center

Building Comparisons

Building Operated by Location Area (ft2)

Bunker Interpretive Center (BIC) Calvin College Grand Rapids, MI 5,300

DeGraaf Nature Center (DeGraaf) City of Holland Holland, MI 3,100

Environmental Interpretive Center (EIC) University of Michigan Dearborn, MI 13,000

Nature Park Interpretive Center (NPIC) Tualatin Hills Park & Recreation District Beaverton, OR 7,700

What can we do?

Options for Reducing EUI Behavior modification Natural gas efficiency Electricity efficiency Renewables

BIC Improvements Behavioral

Leaving the BIC closed on Monday Closing the BIC 30 minutes early every day Turning off the fireplace Shades on the windows

All violate the intended purpose of the BIC!“One purpose of the facility is to help visitors understand

their role in the world as stewards of creation”-Professor Randy Van Dragt

BIC Improvements (cont.) Natural Gas

High-efficiency Boiler Improving Insulation Replacing Windows

Boiler

BIC Improvements (cont.) Electricity

LED lights Replacing appliances Shutting off water pumps Zoned Ventilation

Pumps

Zoned Ventilation

LED Lights

Light Timer

BIC Improvements (cont.)Renewable Energy Improvements

Increased Solar PV Panels Wind Turbine Solar Water Heater

Solar Water Heater

Wind turbine 3kW

Wind turbine 1.5kW

Solar Panels

Insulation in Blocks

Window Improvements

Solar Water Heater

Wind turbine 3kWWind turbine 1.5kWSolar Panels

LightTimers

Zoned VentilationBoiler

LEDlights

Pumps

Recommendations Solar Water Heater

Pump Operation

Solar Water Heater

Solar Water Heater Specifications

Solar Water Heater: heats water inside concentrated tubes using sun’s energy

Total Cost Estimation $615 for system $5,000 estimated installation

EUI reduction of 16 kBtu/ft2-yr Payback in 2 years

January

February

March

AprilMay June

July

August

September

October

November

December

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000Solar Water Heater Natural Gas Analysis

Natural Gas Offset

BIC Natural Gas Usage

Nat

ural

Gas

Usa

ge/R

educ

tion

(kBt

u)

Pump Description Turn off pumps for the floor radiant

heating loops during the summer months Total Cost Estimation:

Electronic Controller - $200 EUI Reduction: 7 kBtu/ft2-yr Payback in 56 days

Summary Does LEED work?

Almost What will it take for the BIC to get Energy

Star®? Can’t!

Small improvements will earn BIC Star Solar Water Heater Pump Operation

Future Work Continue monitoring BIC energy use Design a solar water heater system Modify pump operation

Acknowledgements Dr. Henry DeVries

Calvin College VP Finance Professor Randy Van Dragt

Calvin College Ecosystem Preserve Director Jeanette Henderson

Calvin College Ecosystem Preserve Manager Dan Slager

Calvin College Energy Purchasing Paul Pennock

Calvin College Physical Plant Mechanical Dept. Eric DeVries

Midwest Energy Group Mike Troupos

Calvin College CERF Intern Professor Matthew Heun

ENGR 333

Questions or Comments?

Appendix

Upper BIC-Star Range

Lower BIC-Star Range

Environmental Interpretive Center

NOTE: 50th and 75th percentiles numbers have units of kBtu/ft2-yr

Nature Park Interpretive Center

NOTE: 50th and 75th percentiles numbers have units of kBtu/ft2-yr

Degraaf Nature Center

NOTE: 50th and 75th percentiles numbers have units of kBtu/ft2-yr

BIC DeGraaf NPIC EIC0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

0.98 0.68 1.79 1.14

0.41

0.21

0.16

0.76

ECI Comparison

Nat. GasElec

ECI (

$/yr

-ft2)

BIC Improved BIC DeGraaf NPIC EIC0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

0.98 0.80 0.68 1.79 1.14

0.41

0.410.21

0.16

0.76

ECI Comparison

Nat. GasElec

ECI (

$/yr

-ft2)

Cost Analysis

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

$1,400

Incadescent

CFL

LEDs

Time (years)

Tota

l Cos

t

Assumes Constant $0.12/kW-hr to account for consumption during peak hours

Install additional solar panels